specific and general
专业人才和通用型人才英语作文
专业人才和通用型人才英语作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Specialized Talent vs Generalist Talent: Which Path Should We Take?As students facing the daunting task of charting our future career paths, we find ourselves grappling with a pivotal question: Should we strive to become highly specialized experts in a particular field, or should we aim to cultivate a broader, more diverse set of skills and knowledge? This dilemma, often framed as the choice between specialized talent and generalist talent, has far-reaching implications for our professional trajectories and personal fulfillment.On one hand, the allure of specialization is undeniable. By dedicating ourselves to a specific domain, we can acquire profound expertise, becoming authorities in our chosen field. This level of mastery not only enhances our marketability but also opens doors to groundbreaking contributions and advancements within that realm. Specialized talents are often revered for their ability to tackle complex challenges withsurgical precision, offering innovative solutions that push the boundaries of their respective disciplines.However, the counter-argument for generalist talent is equally compelling. In an ever-changing, interconnected world, those with a broad skillset and diverse knowledge base may be better equipped to navigate the complexities of modern society. Generalists possess the flexibility to adapt to new situations, synthesize information from various sources, and leverage their multifaceted perspectives to solve intricate problems that transcend disciplinary boundaries.As students, we have witnessed the value of both approaches within our academic experiences. Specialized courses have provided us with in-depth knowledge and technical proficiency, enabling us to delve into the intricacies of our chosen subjects. Conversely, general education requirements have exposed us to a wide array of disciplines, fostering critical thinking, communication skills, and a holistic understanding of the world around us.Reflecting on these experiences, it becomes evident that the pursuit of specialization and the cultivation of a generalist mindset need not be mutually exclusive endeavors. In fact, striking a balance between the two may be the key to unlockingour full potential and achieving true success in our future endeavors.Those who embrace specialization while remaining open to diverse perspectives and interdisciplinary collaborations can leverage their expertise to drive innovation and contribute to the advancement of their field. Meanwhile, generalists who possess a solid foundation in one or more domains can apply their versatile skillset to tackle complex challenges from multiple angles, bridging gaps between disciplines and fostering synergies that fuel progress.Furthermore, the rapidly evolving nature of the modern workforce demands a certain degree of adaptability and lifelong learning. Specialization alone may not be sufficient to navigate the ever-shifting landscape of industries and job roles. By cultivating a generalist mindset alongside our specialized expertise, we can future-proof our careers, embracing opportunities for continuous growth and reinvention as the demands of the job market evolve.Ultimately, the choice between specialized talent and generalist talent is not an either-or proposition. Instead, it is a delicate balancing act, one that requires us to harness the strengths of both approaches while mitigating their respectivelimitations. By recognizing the value of specialization and embracing the power of a generalist mindset, we can forge a path that enables us to thrive in an increasingly complex and interconnected world.As we embark on our professional journeys, let us not confine ourselves to rigid labels or predefined paths. Instead, let us embrace the fluidity of knowledge, the interconnectedness of disciplines, and the transformative potential that lies at the intersection of specialization and versatility. It is in this harmonious convergence that we may unlock our true potential, becoming catalysts for innovation, progress, and positive change in the world around us.篇2Choosing the Right Path: Specialized Talents vs. GeneralistsAs a student, one of the biggest decisions we face is what career path to pursue. Do we specialize in a specific field, honing our skills and expertise to become a leading authority? Or do we take a more well-rounded approach, acquiring a diverse set of knowledge and abilities to become a versatile generalist? This dilemma has been the subject of much debate, and the answer isnot always clear-cut. In this essay, I will explore the pros and cons of each path and attempt to shed light on this critical decision.Specialized Talents: The Pursuit of MasterySpecialization is often praised for its ability to cultivate deep expertise and mastery in a particular domain. By focusing all their efforts on a narrow field, specialized talents can dive deep into the intricacies of their chosen discipline, pushing the boundaries of knowledge and innovation. This level of specialization is essential in fields such as medicine, engineering, and scientific research, where a profound understanding of complex concepts and cutting-edge techniques is paramount.One of the main advantages of specialization is the potential for career advancement and recognition. In many industries, specialists are highly sought after for their niche skills and expertise. Companies and organizations are willing to pay premium salaries to attract and retain top talent in their respective fields. Moreover, specialists often enjoy greater job security, as their specialized knowledge makes them difficult to replace.However, specialization also comes with its fair share of drawbacks. By zeroing in on a specific area, specialists may risk developing a narrow perspective, potentially missing out onopportunities for cross-disciplinary collaboration and innovation. Additionally, over-specialization can lead to a lack of adaptability, as rapid technological and societal changes may render certain specialized skills obsolete or less valuable.Generalists: The Jack of All TradesOn the other hand, generalists embrace a more diverse and well-rounded approach to education and career development. Rather than diving deep into a single field, they acquire a broad range of knowledge and skills across various disciplines. This versatility allows them to adapt to changing circumstances, pivot between roles, and tackle complex problems from multiple angles.One of the key advantages of being a generalist is the ability to thrive in a rapidly changing job market. As industries evolve and new opportunities emerge, generalists can leverage their diverse skillset to transition seamlessly between roles and sectors. This adaptability is invaluable in today's dynamic and unpredictable job landscape, where careers can span multiple industries and positions.Furthermore, generalists are often praised for their ability to connect dots between seemingly disparate fields, fostering interdisciplinary collaboration and innovation. By drawinginsights from various domains, they can offer fresh perspectives and creative solutions to complex problems that may elude those with a narrower focus.However, the generalist approach is not without its challenges. While they may possess a broad range of knowledge, generalists may struggle to develop the deep expertise required in certain highly specialized fields. Additionally, they may face competition from specialists who have devoted their entire careers to mastering a particular domain.Finding the Right BalanceAs with many aspects of life, the choice between specialization and a generalist approach is not an either-or proposition. Instead, the ideal path may lie somewhere in the middle, where individuals strike a balance between developing specialized expertise and maintaining a broad, adaptable skillset.One potential solution is to pursue a degree or career path that allows for both specialization and breadth. For example, a student could major in a specific field, such as computer science or biology, while complementing their studies with courses from other disciplines, such as business, psychology, or art. This approach not only provides a solid foundation in a core area but also cultivates a well-rounded perspective and transferable skills.Alternatively, individuals could choose to specialize early in their careers, gaining valuable expertise and experience in a particular field. However, as they progress, they could then actively seek out opportunities to broaden their horizons, either through continuing education, cross-functional projects, or job transitions that expose them to new domains.Ultimately, the decision between specialization and a generalist approach should be based on an individual's unique strengths, interests, and career goals. Some fields, such as medicine or engineering, may inherently demand a higher degree of specialization, while others, like entrepreneurship or consulting, may benefit more from a generalist mindset.ConclusionIn a rapidly evolving world, the debate between specialized talents and generalists is unlikely to be resolved anytime soon. Both paths offer unique advantages and challenges, and the ideal choice will depend on individual circumstances and aspirations.However, one thing is certain: the ability to adapt, learn, and grow is crucial for success in any field. Whether one chooses to specialize or embrace a more well-rounded approach, cultivating a lifelong love for learning and a willingness to continuouslyexpand one's horizons will be invaluable assets in navigating the ever-changing landscape of the modern workforce.As students, we stand at a crossroads, faced with the daunting task of charting our career paths. By carefully weighing the pros and cons of specialization and a generalist approach, and perhaps even finding a middle ground that combines the best of both worlds, we can make informed decisions that align with our passions, strengths, and long-term aspirations.篇3Specialized Talents vs. Generalists: A Perennial DebateAs students, we are often faced with a perplexing dilemma –should we pursue a narrow, specialized path or embrace a broader, more generalized approach? This debate has raged on for ages, and the answer is far from clear-cut. Each path has its merits and drawbacks, and the choice ultimately depends on one's aspirations, interests, and the ever-changing demands of the job market.Proponents of specialized talents argue that in our increasingly complex and interconnected world, depth of knowledge is paramount. By honing in on a specific field or discipline, individuals can develop a level of expertise that setsthem apart from the competition. Think of a cardiac surgeon, a theoretical physicist, or a software architect – their mastery of their respective domains is invaluable and irreplaceable.The journey towards specialization is not an easy one. It often requires years of dedicated study, hands-on experience, and a relentless pursuit of knowledge. However, the rewards can be substantial. Specialists command respect and recognition within their industries, and their skills are in high demand, often commanding premium salaries and opportunities for career advancement.Moreover, specialization fosters innovation and propels the boundaries of human knowledge. It is the specialists who push the frontiers of their fields, making groundbreaking discoveries and developing cutting-edge technologies that shape our world. From the mapping of the human genome to the exploration of distant galaxies, specialists are at the forefront of humanity's quest for understanding and progress.On the other hand, advocates of the generalist approach argue that in an increasingly interdisciplinary and rapidly changing world, versatility and adaptability are key. Generalists possess a broad range of knowledge and skills, enabling them totackle complex problems from multiple perspectives and navigate diverse environments with ease.In today's dynamic job market, where careers are no longer linear and job roles are constantly evolving, generalists have a distinct advantage. They can pivot seamlessly between industries, roles, and projects, leveraging their diverse skillsets to stay relevant and valuable. This flexibility is particularly valuable in fast-paced sectors like technology, where the landscape can shift dramatically in a matter of years.Furthermore, generalists are often celebrated for their ability to connect disparate ideas and foster interdisciplinary collaborations. By bridging gaps between disciplines and fostering cross-pollination of ideas, generalists can catalyze innovation and drive progress in unexpected ways. Think of a renaissance person like Leonardo da Vinci or a modern polymath like Elon Musk – their broad interests and diverse skillsets have fueled their remarkable achievements.However, the generalist path is not without its challenges. Critics argue that by spreading themselves too thin, generalists may struggle to develop the depth of knowledge required for true mastery in any one field. They may also face skepticism fromspecialists who view their broad knowledge as superficial or dilettantish.Ultimately, the choice between specialization and generalization is a deeply personal one, shaped by our unique aspirations, strengths, and the demands of the industries we seek to enter. Some may find fulfillment in the laser-focused pursuit of expertise, while others thrive on the intellectual diversity and versatility of a generalist approach.Perhaps the most prudent path lies somewhere in between –a synthesis of specialized knowledge and broad, interdisciplinary perspectives. By cultivating a deep understanding of a core discipline while maintaining a curious, open mindset and a willingness to explore adjacent fields, we can position ourselves as valuable assets in an ever-evolving professional landscape.As students, we have the privilege of exploring a wide range of subjects and disciplines before committing to a particular path. It is during this formative period that we must reflect deeply on our interests, aptitudes, and aspirations, and chart a course that aligns with our personal and professional goals.Regardless of the path we choose, one thing is certain: the ability to learn, adapt, and grow will be paramount. In a world where the only constant is change, those who can continuallyexpand their knowledge and skills will be best positioned to thrive.So, let us embrace the richness of both specialization and generalization, recognizing that each has a vital role to play in our personal and professional journeys. By cultivating a deep respect for diverse perspectives and remaining open to lifelong learning, we can navigate the complexities of the modern world and contribute meaningfully to the advancement of humanity.。
Learning the difference between general and specific ideas
Ideas are general or specific in relation to each other. Always read the sentences before and after to tell if an idea in general or specific. A general idea is true for a group of people or things: e.g. Teenagers are different today. A specific idea is true for only a few people or one person: e.g. Joshua, sixteen, wears only black clothes and works in a bookstore.
Apply the strategy Read the sentences below. Check “general” or “specific” in the column next to each sentence. (a) friends are everything to a teenager. (b) teenagers no longer want to spend time with parents or brothers or sisters. (c) they only want to be with friends. (d) Jordan, a tenth-grader at the local high school, is a typical teenager. (e) he spends all his free time with his friends. (f) their names are Jeremy, John, and Jason. (g) they call themselves the “J Group”.
规范和通用规范怎么用英语表达
规范和通用规范怎么用英语表达Standard and General StandardIn the field of industry, standards play a vital role in ensuring consistency, efficiency and safety. Standards can be categorized into two types: specific standards and general standards. Specific standards are industry-specific and focus on a particular product or process, while general standards apply to various industries and provide a framework for quality and performance.Specific standards, also known as technical standards, are developed to address the specific requirements or characteristics of a particular product or industry. For example, in the automotive industry, there are specific standards for engine performance, emissions, safety features, and so on. These standards are developed by industry associations, regulatory bodies, and experts in the field to ensure that products meet the required performance and safety standards.General standards, on the other hand, are broad-based and apply to multiple industries or sectors. These standards are usually developed by recognized standard-setting organizations such as the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). General standards provide a framework for quality management, environmental management, occupational health and safety, information security, and other aspects of business operations. They help organizations streamline their processes, enhance customer satisfaction, and comply with legal and regulatory requirements.Using English to express the concepts of specific standards and general standards, we can say:Specific standards are industry-specific guidelines that focus on the requirements and characteristics of a particular product or process. These standards are tailored to address the unique challenges and considerations of specific industries, ensuring that products meet industry performance, safety, and quality requirements.General standards, on the other hand, are overarching guidelines that apply to various industries and sectors. These standards provide a framework for best practices and help organizations adhere to quality, safety, environmental, and other management principles. They promote consistency, efficiency, and effectiveness across industries, allowing organizations to meet customer expectations and comply with legal and regulatory requirements. In conclusion, specific standards and general standards are both essential in maintaining consistency, efficiency, and safety in industries. Specific standards address the unique requirements of a particular product or process, while general standards provide a broader framework for quality and performance across industries. By adhering to these standards, organizations can provide reliable products and services, enhance customer satisfaction, and achieve operational excellence.。
1-2 specific and general
General and specificSome words are specific and some general. In our actual writing we’d better choose the specific ones to make our writing clear, exact, vivid, and striking.For example, if I say, “She is a good woman.”, you will just have a vague impression about her. She is not bad. But how good is she? You don’t know. But if I change the word “good” to other more specific words, such as “kind, brave, honorable, sympathetic, warm-hearted, selfless, just, generous”, her image will be much clearer in your mind. That is the advantage of the specific words.Another example, when I say the food is good, you still don’t know what the food is like, but if I say the food is tasty ( or delicious, nourishing, wholesome, fresh, appetizing, rich), then the food seems to be much concrete to you.If I say “She laughs often”. You don’t know the exact action of her laugh. But if I use such verbs as “smile, grin, beam, giggle, titter, snigger, chuckle, guffaw’, you can imagine her facial expressions.In a sense, try to make your writing as specific as possible.。
Description英文写作
Ways to develop a description essay
Through the impressions of one’s senses---sight, hearing, taste, smell, and touch
Description
Description is the type of writing that helps the reader to see what someone/some place/something is like.
Or we may say description is painting a picture in words of a person, place, object, or scene.
Leave out the irrelevant ones and keep those which help to bring out the dominant characteristic or outstanding quality of the person or thing described. (sample 1)
3. Free Tranquilizer
Vancouver’s summer sunshine makes me lazy. I indulge myself under the shade of the maple trees during the summer in Central Park in order to bask in Vancouver’s sunshine. Especially when the wind waves the leaves and the sunlight slides through, it feels like velvet patting my body or like a furry cat rubbing me. I like to sit on the bench, which is on the southern shore of the lake. One day, an old Labrador dog sat beside me. Although there were many adults jogging, children giggling, and squirrels chasing around, the old Labrador was as solid as a rock; he closed his eyes and ears and made his daydream without a pause. (To be continued)
English USA Lesson 34 Expressing Both Specific and General Time表示确切时间和大致时间
Conversation A : At the Train Station?EILEEN: What time does the train go??MARTIN: At nine-fifteen.EILEEN: What time does it arrive in Pittsburgh??MARTIN: I don't know.?EILEEN: When is your meeting??MARTIN: I have many meetings. They are in the afternoon.? EILEEN: When are you coming home??MARTIN: Tonight.?EILEEN: We're going to meet the train.?MARTIN: Is Alan going to come with you??EILEEN: Yes, he is.?MARTIN: When is his game??EILEEN: Tomorrow evening.?MARTIN: Isn't the game this evening??EILEEN: No, it isn't. It's tomorrow evening.?MARTIN: When was it last week??EILEEN: It was on Wednesday. It's on Thursday this week.? MARTIN: I see. What time is the game??EILEEN: Is't at seven-thirty.?MARTIN: Good. I'm going to go.?EILEEN: That's wonderful. He wants you to go.?MARTIN: When are you going to your office??EILEEN: After lunch. I worked late last night.?MARTIN: What time are you going to go??EILEEN: At one-thirty. What time is the train tonight??MARTIN: It arrives at eight-forty-five.?EILEEN: OK. Sue can come, too. Can you eat on the train?? MARTIN: Yes, I can. But I'm going to eat in Pittsburgh.?EILEEN: Good. Sue can finish her homework before dinner.? MARTIN: What time are you going to have dinner??EILEEN: At seven o'clock.?MARTIN: When are you going to come to the train station?? EILEEN: At eight o'clock.?Practice 1：如果不必说明确切的时间，可以用比较笼统的方式表示时间。
general-specific text
2
The author of this passage has decided it is too short. Here are three additional statements. Where would you place them? a. Although writing systems have been in existence for about 5,000 years, even today only a minority of the world's population knows how to write. b. Mandarin, for example, uses an ideograph system that is particularly difficult to learn. c. Because of its complexity, the study of writing has become a multidisciplinary activity.
4
Now compare the sentence definitions in set A. with that in set B. A. l. A solar cell is a device that converts the energy of sunlight into electric energy. 2. A foundation is a base on which a structure can be built. B. l. A solar cell is something that changes sunlight into electricity. 2. A foundation is a base a structure can be built on.
general-specific-text
• introduction to a paper • background in a research paper • opening paragraphs for a discussion or an
General-Specific Texts
• The general-to-specific approach opens an idea with a general statement and then leads into details that support and explain the general statement.
Fig.Shape of GS texts 1
Writing
1Writing is a complex sociocognitive process involving the construction of recorded messages on paper or on some other material, and, more recently, on a computer screen.2The skills needed to write range from making the appropriate graphic marks, through utilizing the resources of the chosen language, to anticipating the reactions of the intended
英语写作 chapter general words and specific words
Malcolm is a ____ and realistic businessman. The _____criminal is difficult to track down.
Eg. The skinny woman slinked in. 瘦的皮包骨头的女人溜了进来。
The slender woman glided in. 一位苗条的淑女飘然而至。
They should adopt a more ____approach and investigate alternative uses for their property.
Negative Disapproving Derogatory Unfavorable
neutral
positive approving
favorable
Note:
1) When using a word, you first need to be sure about a word’s denotation, otherwise mistakes will be unavoidable in your spoken or written communication.
The Meaning of Words(4)
modest, humble both a lack of pride, different in tone
modest ---- a virtue, laudatory
humble ---- not a virtue; often connotes undue self-depreciation; derogatory
英语写译课件 week two-general and specific____ words
V
Adj. Adv.
laugh
a good man He speaks impressively.
Note
Compared with other words, some words are general or specific in meaning.
professionals
scientists teachers
Slang Words
How do you like this paragraph?
It was fine last weekend, so we went to the countryside and had a good time. We saw many things and people there. We did many things there, too. It was such an unforgettable weekend.
John
The
class read a Shakespearean play. class read As You Like It.
The
The
class read Shakespeare’s As You Like It.
Jimmy was funny. → Jim tells jokes constantly, ones that leave a person rolling on the floor in laughter.
Tiptoe 踮着脚走
Adjectives to Describe Food
appetizing （色、香）引起食欲 的 tasty美味的, delicious 美味的、 香的 flavoursome (flavorful) 味道丰富 的 Flavourless (flavorless) 无味的， Spicy加有香料的，用香料调味 的, hot 辣的
英语写作1 chapter 2 general words and specific words
The Meaning of Words
The meaning of a word has two aspects: denotative and connotative.
Designing silicon chips to mimic human organs sounds ____. (fanciful, imaginative)
Malcolm is a ____ and realistic businessman. The _____criminal is difficult to track down.
The Meaning of Words(2)
The modernization programme has won the support of the whole nation.
state organs; state-owned enterprises
China is my native land.
Would it would be too ______to buy both? (extravagant, generous)
The Prime Minister appeared relaxed and ____of winning an overall majority.
It's _____of you to assume you'll win every time. (confident, arrogant)
small ---- objective
little ---- a feeling of fondness
English Writing ---Diction 选词
在英语国家本身，还有许多英语方言，例 如英国的伦敦方言（Cockney）和利物浦 方言（Scouse）；加拿大的纽芬兰方言 （Newfoundland）；美国的黑人英语 （African American Vernacular English） 和南方英语（Southern American English） 等。
Diction ---the choice of words
1.Types of words 2. The meaning of words 3. General and specific words 4. Basic rules of choosing words
1.Types of words (from a stylistic point of view)
3. General and specific words
3.1 Comparatively speaking, some words are more general or more specific than other words. 3.1 General words give a general picture of sth. and are usually used to express main ideas. 3.2 Specific word make writing clear, vivid and striking, and give detailed picture of sth. or to impress the readers. They can be used to provide details. 3.3 Although both general and specific words are useful, we should make an effort to master and use specific words wherever possible or necessary in our writing, since specific word help to make writing clear, concrete, exact, vivid, and striking.
规范和通用规范怎么用英语翻译
规范和通用规范怎么用英语翻译Standardization and General StandardizationStandardization refers to the process of developing and implementing rules, guidelines, or specifications to ensure consistency, quality, and interoperability in products, processes, or services. It involves establishing common practices and measures that can be universally applied across industries.In the business context, standardization plays a crucial role in enhancing efficiency, reducing costs, and facilitating trade. It provides a common language for communication, enables easier comparison of products or services, and promotes innovation by setting a baseline for quality and performance.General standardization, on the other hand, refers to the adoption of standardized practices or specifications across different sectors or industries. It involves the development of generic standards that can be applied to various domains. General standards provide a framework for achieving consistency and compatibility in diverse contexts.The use of standardization and general standardization can be illustrated in various scenarios. For example, in manufacturing industries, standardization is essential for ensuring that products meet certain quality and safety requirements. This involves defining specifications for materials, production processes, and testing procedures. By conforming to these standards, companies can assure customers that their products are reliable and meet the desired standards.In the field of information technology, general standardization is crucial for interoperability and compatibility. Organizations such as the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) develop and maintain standards for various technologies and protocols. These standards enable different devices, systems, and software to communicate and work together seamlessly.In the realm of healthcare, standardization is vital for ensuring patient safety and enhancing healthcare delivery. Medical devices, procedures, and protocols are standardized to minimize errors, improve outcomes, and enable the exchange of information between healthcare providers. Standardization also helps in the efficient deployment of resources and enables the comparison of treatment options.In conclusion, standardization and general standardization are important concepts that facilitate consistency, interoperability, and quality in various domains. They provide a foundation for efficient processes, improved communication, and better outcomes. Whether it is in manufacturing, information technology, or healthcare, the adoption of standardized practices is instrumental in achieving success in today's globalized world.。
general-specific-text
statements consist of details and examples, introduced
by the transitions first, second, and third. Finally, the
pattern ends with a broad or general statement that
play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media.）。下文逐一对其他媒介进 行了介绍：赢得媒介（earned media）、自有媒介 （owned media）、售出媒介（sold media）、被劫持 媒介（hijacked media）。
• The general-to-specific pattern is probably one of the more common patterns in college writing. It may be used in any of these familiar places: introduction to a paper background in a research paper opening paragraphs for a discussion or an analysis essay examination answers
As the name suggests, this pattern is characterized by a movement in the thinking from a generalization to specific details. The opening paragraph would begin with a general statement and then add details that explain it. The details may become increasingly more specific. The pattern ends with a broad statement that summarizes your thinking that resulted from the details.
general-specific
ISAS Workshop 1 Wednesday 21st July Vaughan Jeffrey 13.15 All 10 wk students MUST attend.
Connected Speech
• Lawn sand jealous (A place) • Sand tackle laws (A fictional character) • My gulch hoard un (A sports celebrity) • Mow bead hick (A book title) • Though tight an hick (A thing – in the title of a film) • Aisle oh view (A phrase) • Caress tougher clump us (A famous explorer)
Example paragraph
• Writing is a complex sociocognitive process involving the construction of recorded messages on paper or on some other material, and, more recently, on a computer screen. The skills needed to write range from making the appropriate graphic marks, through utilizing the resources of the chosen language, to anticipating the reactions of the intended readers. The first skill area involves acquiring a writing system, which may be alphabetic (as in European languages) or nonalphabetic (as in many Asian languages). The second skill area requires selecting the appropriate grammar and vocabulary to form acceptable sentences and then arranging them in paragraphs. Third, writing involves thinking about the purpose of the text to be composed and about its possible effects on the intended readership. One important aspect of this last feature is the choice of a suitable style. Because of these characteristics, writing is not an innate natural ability like speaking but has to be acquired through years of training or schooling (Swales and Feak, 1994, p. 34).
英语：常见考查常识和习语的几种方法附解析
英语：常见考查常识和习语的几种方法附解析一、选择题1．Do not try to do many things at one time. Otherwise, you will become tired out. Remember, you cannot ________.A．do as the Romans do B．burn the candle at both endsC．put the cart before the horse D．put all the eggs in one basket2．—I have tried to find the answer to the question, but failed.—Why not discuss with Tom? You see, ________.A．Great minds think alikeB．Two heads are better than oneC．A bird in the hand is worth two in the bushD．It’s better to think twice before doin g something3．Look at the text below on environment. What kind of way is used to organize the idea? [Our environment is getting worse. The sky is not as blue as before. The water is not clean any more. The weather changes so often. We have more bad weather.]A．Time order. B．Space order.C．General to specific. D．Specific to general.4．—Sorry, it’s already 6 o’clock. I have to be off for an important dinner.—OK. ________.A．It couldn’t be better B．You really have me thereC．Take your time D．Let’s call it a d ay5．—My cousin was almost chosen as the general manager. It’s a pity a small mistake cost him the great chance.—________.A．Every dog has its day B．A miss is as good as a mileC．Never say bad words about others behind D．No pains, no gains6．—It shouldn’t take long to clear up after the party if we all volunteer to help.—That’s right. ________.A．Don’t burn the candle at both ends B．No pain, no gainC．Don’t put all your eggs in one basket D．Many hands make light work7．—V olunteers tried their best to clean the park last weekend.—________. And everyone can make an effort to protect the environment.A．Practice makes perfect B．Many hands make light workC．East, west, home is best D．Burn the candle at both ends8．In England, if you think that other people are always in a better situation than you, even when they are not, we say “________”.A．the grass is always greener on the other side B．every dog has its dayC．the early bird catches the worm D．actions speak louder than words9．My father never says he is good at cooking, but in fact he is. He always cooks delicious meals for us, that is, ________ .A．no pain, no gain B．actions speak louder than wordsC．practice makes perfect D．a friend in need is a friend indeed 10．— Dad never says that he is good at cooking, but in fact he is.— Yes. He always cooks delicious meals for us, that is ________.A．the early bird catches the worm B．many hands make light workC．burn the candle at both ends D．actions speak louder than words 11．—Look at this mess! How much time do you think we need to clear it up?—It is a big job, but _________. Let’s all get started now.A．many hands make light work B．a friend in need is a friend indeedC．the early bird catches the worm D．actions speak louder than words12．—I promise I'll work harder for the final exam.—Well, ________. You should act right now.A．Many hands make light work B．Put all your eggs in one basketC．The grass is always greener than the other side D．Actions speak louder than words 13．—I failed to achieve the pass mark by only one point in my English exam.—What a pity! ________.A．Better late than never B．Practice makes perfectC．A miss is as good as a mile D．Many hands make light work 14．—Steve, to improve your spoken English, you should speak English as often as possible.—I agree. ______A．It’s a piece of cake.B．Practice makes perfect. C．It serves you right.D．Well done.15．—I never thought Eddie did so good a job in the competition.—How lucky he is! Just as the saying goes “ ________”.A．Every dog has its day B．Practice makes perfectC．Actions speak louder than words D．The early bird catches the worm 16．—What’s eating you? You are sitting there in silence all morning.—I didn’t pass the test.A．What are you eating B．How long have you eaten itC．Why did you laugh D．What happened17．—My sister has entered the best school she likes after years of hard work.—Great! Just as the saying goes, “________”.A．burn the candle at both ends B．practice makes perfectC．the early bird catches the wom D．no pain, no gain18．—I hope to get the highest grades in the final exams.—________. You never work hard.A．Work like a dog B．In your dreamsC．Every dog has its day D．Put all your eggs in one basket19．—All the people of Yancheng should work together to make our hometown more beautiful.—Yes. ________.A．Many hands make light work B．Practice makes perfectC．Burn the candle at both ends D．Don’t put all your eggs in one basket 20．________. My cousin has realized his dream after years of hard work.A．No pain, no gain B．Burn the candle at both endsC．Actions speak louder than words D．Many hands make light work21．—I spent the whole night preparing my report.—Don’t stay up too late, or you will be tired out. Remember, .A．it never rains but it poursB．you can’t burn the candle at both e ndsC．you can’t put all your eggs in one basketD．the grass is always greener on the other side22．—It’s easy to clean up all the trash if we each offer to help.—Yes. ______.A．Many hands make light workB．There is no smoke without fireC．Where there is a will, there is a wayD．A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart23．My car broke down on the way to the airport, so I rushed there by taxi only to find my flight had been cancelled. What can I say?A．It never rains but it pours. B．Every dog has its day.C．The early bird catches the worm. D．Never put all your eggs in one basket. 24．Just as the saying goes, “________.” If you keep practising speaking English, you’ll be better at it.A．Practice makes perfect B．Burn the candle at both endsC．It never rains but it pours D．Many hands make light work25．—Mary got the first prize in the writing competition after years of hard work.—_________.A．No pain, no gain B．A miss is as good as a mileC．Don't burn the candle at both ends D．A friend in need is a friend indeed 26．"___________" means "If lots of people share the work, it will make a job easier to complete."A．Burn the candle at both ends. B．Every dog has its day.C．Many hands make light work. D．A friend in need is a friend indeed. 27．—Amy, your pronunciation is so beautiful now. How do you make it?—Thanks. Just as the saying goes,”_____.”A．Each dog has its day B．Many hands make light workC．Practice makes perfect D．The grass is always greener on the other side 28．— If you keep practising speak ing French every day, you’ll be better at it.A．Practice makes perfect B．Many hands make light workC．Put all your eggs in one basket D．Burn the candle at both ends29．It’s clear that _________. I am crazy about cakes and biscuits and could happily finish off abar(块) of chocolate in minutes.A．where there is a will, there is a way B．I have a sweet toothC．every dog has its day D．every coin has two sides30．----I'm tired out.----How can you be manager and accountant at one time? .A．The early bird catches the wormB．Don't put all your eggs in one basketC．Actions speak louder than wordsD．Don't burn the candle at both ends31．—How can I get along well with the local people if I go to Germany?—________.A．The early bird catches the worm B．It never rains but it poursC．When in Rome, do as the Romans do D．A friend in need is a friend indeed 32．Lisa, don’t do many things at one time, or you’ll be tired out. You can’t .A．burn the candle at both ends B．provide for a rainy dayC．put all your eggs in one basket D．do as Romans do when in Rome 33．（2016湖北咸宁中考）——It shouldn’t take long to clear up after the party if we all volunteer to help.——That’s right. _________________________.A．Many hands make light work. B．Something is better than nothing. C．The sooner begun, the sooner done. D．Practice makes perfect.34．“______”means that you have to do something before others in order to be successful. A．A miss is as good as a mile B．A friend in need is a friend indeed C．The early bird catches the worm D．When in Rome, do as the Romans do 35．－The Chinese government has started to teach good manners to tourists travelling abroad.－Very necessary. Good manners will .A．win respect（尊重) B．take you farC．never go out of style D．A, B and C36．一I can’t believe you hav e finished the work.一My friends helped me out. Just as the saying goes,”__________.”A．Practice makes perfectB．Put all your eggs in one basketC．Burn the candle at both endsD．Many hands make light work37．—Oh，dear! How can I finish so much work in 20 minutes?—Don’t worry. .We can give you a helping hand.A．Practice makes perfectB．Many hands make light workC．It never rains but it poursD．Every dog has its day38．–If I work hard at my lessons from now on, can I do well in them?-- Sure. _________.A．All rivers run into the sea B．Every day is not SundayC．Better late than never D．Practice makes perfect39．—Hurry up, we must be the first to interview the pop star.—Sure.____________.A．East or west, home is the best B．The early bird catches the worm C．Many hands make light work D．Don’t put all your eggs in one basket 40．— , could you tell me where to park my car?—Sure. There’s an underground parking lot over there.A．Let it go B．Pardon me C．Excuse me D．On the way【参考答案】一、选择题1．B解析：B【详解】句意：不要试图同时做很多事情。
SpecificWordsandGeneralWords
SpecificWordsandGeneralWordsⅢSpecific Words and General Words1 Comparatively speakin g, some words are more specific or more general in meaning than other words.2 Although both general and specific words are useful, we should make an effort to master and use specific words wherever possible or necessary in our writing, since specific word help to make writing clear, concrete, exact, vivid, and striking.3 Specific words are used to provide details, while general words are used to present main ideas.Example StudyGeneral: professionsSpecific: scientists, doctors, teachers, lawyers, journalistsGeneral: scientistsSpecific: physicists, chemistsGeneral: chemistsSpecific: biochemistsGeneral: takeSpecific: capture, seize, grasp, grip, obtain,…General: goSpecific: walk, stroll, saunter, step, pace, run, …General: redSpecific: pink, crimson, carmine, scarlet,…General: wellSpecific: satisfactorily, thoroughly, correctly, clearlyGeneral: a good manSpecific: kind, honest, generous, sympathetic, warm-hearted, selfless, brave, honorable, responsible,General: good foodSpecific: tasty, delicious, nourishing, rich, wholesome, fresh, appetizing, abundant,…General: houseSpecific: mansion, villa, chateau, cottage, bungalow, cabin, hut, shack, shanty, shed, barn,..General: John entered the classroom.Specific: John ran into the classroom.General: He put the book on the desk.Specific: He threw the book on the desk.General: It is often windy and dusty here in spring.Specific:In spring there is often a very strong northwest wind. It carries so much fine dust with it that sometimes the sun becomes obscure. There is no escape from the fine dust; it gets into your eyes, your ears, your nostrils, and your hair. It goes through the cracks of closed windows and covers your desks and chairs.General: Students do many interesting things after classes.Specific:Every morning and afternoon the sports fields are alive with energetic students. Football and basketball matches, volleyball and badminton, track-training and gymnastics are all in full swing. Even the alleyway under the trees and around the flower beds provide enough space for enthusiasts to practice. Through the windows comes the pitter-patter of ping-pong balls, the sounds of songs and music, or laughter and discussion.ⅣGeneral Rules of Choosing Words in writing“Use proper words in proper places.”1 Formal words are used in formal situations;2 Informal words are used in informal situations;3 Common or neutral words can be used in both formal and informal situations;4 General words are used to present main ideas while specific words are used to provide details.5 Avoid translating Chinese directly without considering English grammar, cultural differences, the implied meaning or the usage of the words.Examples:1) False: The traffic is very crowded.Correct: The road is very crowded.2) False: Every student went to see the film beside me, because I was ill.Correct: Every student went to see the film except me, because I was ill.6 Avoid using non-standard words in your writing, including slang words, dialectal words, or idiomatic expressions.ⅤFormation of English Words1 conversion 转换法2 derivation 派生法3 compounding 复合法。
F3重要考点：allowanceforreceivables
F3重要考点：allowanceforreceivables根据会计的谨慎性原则，当出现doubtful debts的时候我们需要计提坏账准备，即Allowance for receivables。
Allowance for receivables由specific allowance和general allowance两部分组成。
首先来看看specific allowance，如果同学们英文语感比较好的话从specific allowance的名字就能猜出这代表什么了。
Specific allowance讲的是特定的，针对某个客户或某笔交易专门设立的allowance。
举个例子吧，假如我是一名企业老板，我与张三李四王二麻子等等十人都有生意上的往来，我将货物赊销给他们，因此他们十人都欠我应收账款。
但是我这群生意伙伴中，张三这个人跟我从小一起长大，他人品不好向来不守信用，这次他欠我的钱很有可能还不了了。
因此我对张三这个人特地设立了一个specific allowance，这就是通常情况下specific allowance的用法。
Allowance for receivables的另一部分是general allowance，这是什么意思呢？假如继续使用上面的例子，我知道张三这人人品不好，特意记了一个specific allowance给他，剩下来的九个人他们会将我的应收账款全部换给我吗？根据往年的经验，我每年赊销货物产生的trade receivable 账户每年都要有2%（假设）的比例收不回来，形成坏账。
但是具体他们哪一位还不了钱我无法明确指出。
在这样的情况下，作为企业老板的我就从今年的trade receivable账户中减去今年已经形成的坏账，以及减去已计提出了的specific allowance，将剩下来的数值乘以一个根据往年历史数据预估出来的百分比，算出我需要计提的general allowance。
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• GENERAL: Stanley Kubrick was a reclusive man. • SPECIFIC: Stanley Kubrick rarely gave interviews.
• GENERAL: Maria is a good boss. • SPECIFIC: Maria gives her employees lots of encouragement as well as a good salary and benefits like family leave.
Examples:
• • • • • • • • • •
I always feel pleased when I’ve finished a piece of work. Her mind was full of carefree thoughts. She looks really joyful at being a grandmother./ This is a joyful occasion; let’s all be happy. The men were having a merry ti gay marching song. That was a jolly party./ He seems a really jolly old man. The delighted looks on the children’s faces showed their pleasure. She was overjoyed to see him. She lives only for pleasure. Every technological advance contributes to the wellbeing of mankind.
• General: a nice smile • Specific: a winning, angelic smile
• General: The house was old and run-down. • Specific: The house looked 25 years old. The paint was peeling off the rotting siding. The windows were broken, and the front door was off its hinges.
• General: She has long hair. • Specific: Her soft hair flows down to her waist
• General: She has very smooth skin. • Specific: Her skin looks so delicate that it, I am sure, must feel as smooth as silk.
• When searching for a precise word to express an idea, you may refer to Roget’s International Thesaurus , longman lexicon of Contemporary English, or any other dictionary of this type.
• • •
Dan went to the store Saturday night. Dan walked to the store on Saturday night. Dan staggered to the store on Saturday night.
• Mary staggered into Denny's. Mary paraded into Red Lobster. Mary shuffled into McDonald's. Mary sashayed into Oogies. Mary strutted into The Red Door. Mary limped into Burger King Mary waddled into Oink's Gourmet Bar-B-Que. Mary sauntered into Subway.
Pleasure- related words • Adj: happy, glad, pleased, cheerful, carefree, joyful, merry, gay, jolly, delighted, overjoyed • Noun: pleasure, happiness, joy, joyfulness, delight, treat, kick, enjoyment, well-being • Verb: enjoy, please, gladden, delight, cheer, rejoice
Clear and precise writing balances the general and the specific, the abstract and the concrete. You need abstract and general terms to show your understanding of similarities and patterns in the world; you need concrete and specific terms to reveal the details of that world. Consider the following examples:
• The man walked down the street. Along the way, he saw a dog. Then he saw a car going past. It just missed a young boy who was crossing the street. He steeped in some water and then turned around and went home.
• General: The family ate some good food last night. • Specific: The Smith clan devoured a fivecourse meal, consisting of a shrimp appetizer in a wine sauce, marinated rolled rib roast, honey glazed carrots and fried eggplant, a Waldorf salad, and peaches flambé.
• General: She is wearing a pair of shoes. • Specific: She is wearing a pair of opentoed sneakers
• General: Working at the grocery store offers an employee many things. • Specific: Working at the grocery store offers an employee many benefits including insurance, a company car and a salaried holiday.
Sadness-related words
• Adj: sad, unhappy, miserable, sorrowful, mournful, heartbroken, grief-stricken, distressed, anguished • Noun: misery, sorrow, grief, pathos, distress, anguish • Verb: grieve, sadden, distress
• The frail, elderly tramp hobbled down the sidewalk, his white hair waving in the breeze. Suddenly, he noticed a black-and-white beagle pup waddling in the damp grass by the curb. It barked at him and scampered away. He snorted at the dog in disgust. Then he froze! A blond boy in blue denims dashed into the street, just as a red Benz sedan roared towards him. The horn of the car blared as the speeding driver swore, narrowly missing the child. Distracted by the near accident, the tramp stepped into a large mud puddle, drowning his shoes in muck. Disheartened and shaking, be turned and plodded slowly toward a house in the distance.
Examples: • The terrible story of how they lost their house saddened him. • The loss of our chairman has grieved all the members of the committee. • Your dishonest actions have distressed me greatly. • His wild behavior was a grief to his mother. • Losing her job is just one of the many sorrows in her life. • There was great pathos in the story. • Coughs and colds are among the miseries of a British winter.