选修六第四单元测试卷
2017-2018学年高中语文选修先秦诸子选读(检测)第四单元《老子》选读含答案
第四单元《老子》选读有无相生林语堂如是评价老子:这样我觉得任何一个翻阅《道德经》的人最初一定会大笑;然后笑他自己竟然会这样笑;最后会觉得现在很需要这种学说。
至少,这会是大多数人初读老子的反应,我自己就是如此。
美字体轻诺必寡信小人计其功赏美文颠倒的世界与哲学鲍鹏山老子是一位令人望而生敬的人,因为我们不知道他硕大的头颅内究竟包含着多少人生的智慧;他还是一位令人望而生畏的人,他额际密密的皱纹中不知隐藏着多少阴谋与陷阱;当然,他还是一位令人望而迷惘的人——他神奇般些百无聊赖。
那时我的处境不妙,并且我的很多朋友都摇身一变成为商海健将,红光满面,挥斥方遒,雄姿英发,大有作为.所以我对自己落伍的行为感到很害羞,很寂寞.处盛世而无为,对自己也就很灰心.但灰心的人看老子,也算是一种精神寄托吧。
渐渐地,除了我不大感兴趣的什么宇宙生成构成外,我把老子的五千言理出两条思路:一曰治国,二曰处世.【课内挖掘】课内素材老子的人生智慧在儒家之外,老子和庄子另辟了一条更宽广的路,带来一种更超越的人生智慧。
孔子的哲学,处理的是平凡世界中的伦常关系,而“老庄”的哲学——这种探究生命底蕴的浪漫思想,为中国人打开了另一扇门,开辟了另一个心灵的空间.老子强调“见素抱朴",不强求改变,尊重自然,按照事物本来的运行规律办事,因势利导,用无为来达到无不为的目的.老子反对过分强调模式,认为这违背事物发展的本性。
在老子看来,所有事物都有它的两面性,都是对立统一的。
没有长就没有短,没有高就没有下,没有难就没有易,而这种对立存在是变化的,所谓“祸兮福之所倚,福兮祸之所伏",事物到一定程度的时候会走向反面。
《老子》中讲到世上有四个伟大存在:天、地、人,加上道。
它们的运行规则是“人法地,地法天,天法道,道法自然”。
运用角度【课外应用】“无为而治”。
老子的“道论”,基本上可概括为“天道自然观”。
所以老子的人生哲学和政治哲学基本上是人当法道,顺其自然.至于如何治理国家呢?他认为最好是采取“无为而治”的办法,让人民去过自由自在的生活,用无所作为听其自然发展的办法,来达到治理好国家的目的。
第四单元 欧洲文艺复兴时期的文化遗产-2020—2021学年下学期高二历史选修六单元检测卷
(1)根据材料一,概括指出万神殿在历史变迁中所体现的观念变革,并结合所学知识简要说明万神殿是一座“具有罗马风格的希腊式建筑”。
(2)阅读材料二,指出美第奇家族“对人文主义慷慨赞助”的原因。
(3)材料三就佛罗伦萨大教堂这一建筑的价值提供了两种观点:①总体上认为“为人们的心灵打开了一扇窗户”;②其穹顶体现了“既有大胆创新的科学根据又有和谐共生的艺术之美”。请选择其中一种观点,结合所学阐明你的理由。
——据(英)昂纳、(英)弗莱明《世界艺术史》等改编
材料二 佛罗伦萨的美第奇家族虽然在1434年确立了对共和国的统治地位,但在这之前的几起几伏以及确立统治地位后并未销声匿迹的党派斗争,常常使他们心有余悸。对人文主义的慷慨赞助,可以争取更多的普通市民,在很大程度上确实起到了宣传、巩固自己,排斥、削弱政敌的作用……在这里召开宗教会议,云集此地的各国宗教界权威人士亲眼目睹共和国文艺复兴的盛况,他们感受到了佛罗伦萨统治者治国有方,自然对其刮目相看,因而其国际地位迅速提高。家族的罗伦佐当政时期,他已不只是一个保护者、旁观者、赞助者,还是一个积极的参与者、艺术家和运动的实际领导者。
2.C
【详解】
根据所学知识可知,西斯廷小教堂壁画,由多位艺术家参与创作,画面场面宏伟、形象生动,宗教题材为主,反映人文主义思想。①②③④⑤均属于其特点,故选C;ABD与题干不符,故排除。
3.A
【详解】
根据所学知识可知,圣母玛利亚大教堂被公认为意大利文艺复兴时期建筑的第一个作品,它体现的内涵不同于来世主义、禁欲主义和蒙昧主义,而是崇尚理性,注重人性,追求现世幸福,肯定自我,乐观进取,尊重知识和人才的人文主义精神,标志着意大利文艺复兴建筑的诞生,A项正确;西斯廷教堂始建于1445年,由教皇西斯都四世发起创建,是罗马教皇的私用经堂,也是教皇的选出仪式的举行之处,排除B项;圣彼得大教堂是位于梵蒂冈的一座天主教宗教圣殿,建于1506年至1626年,为天主教会重要的象征之一,排除C项;圣保罗大教堂是世界著名的宗教圣地,世界第五大教堂,英国第二大教堂,排除D项。故选A。
人教英语选修六第四单元知识点
人教版英语选修六第四单元知识点U4(选修六)Language points-reading 1on/ upon+ n 依靠,依赖, 确(坚)信You can’t depend on your parents forever.depend on/upon+sb.+to do 指望某人做……You can’t depend on him to come on time.depend on/upon +it +that…. 指望…..You may depend on it that he will come.depend on/upon +wh-从句Whether you can pass the exam depends on how hard you work.That (all) depends./ it all depends. (口语)视情况而定,I may help you. But that/ it depends.2. light1)n. 光,线,灯2)v.照亮,点燃He lit a match. 他划着了一根火柴。
A smile of triumph lit up her face. 她的脸上闪耀着胜利的微笑。
The match lights easily. 这火柴容易划着3)adjThe suitcase is very light.(轻的)There was a light rain falling.He is a light sleeper. 他睡不沉。
(易醒的)3. heat v. / heat up 是某物变热或变暖heated adj. 热的激烈的heated debate, heated discussionheatedly adv.愤怒地激昂地heater加热器发热器consumer (n.).1 消耗,花费;耗尽She consumed most of her time in reading.2吃完,喝光The kids soon consumed all the food on the table. 孩子们一会儿功夫便把桌上的食品全部吃光。
高二英语人教版选修六第四单元学案+答案
above average 高于平均水平 below average 低于平均水平on average 平均,一般的 of average intelligence 智力一般 an average of 平均一、词汇变形 1.consume(v.)消费 Book6 Uni4 Global warming 词汇导学案mit(v.)---commitment(n.) 承诺,交托---consumer(n.)---consumption(n.)2.renew(v.)更新---renewable(adj.)可更新的3. subscribe (v.)同意,订阅---subscription(n.)订阅---subscriber(n.)订阅者4.trend (n.)趋势,走向---trendy(adj.)时髦的5.oppose(v.) 反对---opposite(adj.) 相 反的--- opponent(n.)对手---opposition(n.)反对 6. mild(adj.)---mildly(adv.)温和的 7. environment(n.)---environmental(adj.) ---environmentally(adv.) 8.state(v.)陈述---statement(n.) 9.steady(adj.)---steadily(adv.) 10.economy(n.)---economical(adj.) 节约的 ---economic(adj.)经济的 11. existence(n.)---exist(v.)存在 ---existent(adj.)存在的:实有的二、重点单词1.tend v 趋向 ,照料,照顾13. pollute(v.)---pollution(n.) ---pollutant(n.)污染物 14. appliance(n.)用具,器具---apply(v.)应用 15. grow(v.)---growth(n.)成长16. casual(adj.)随意的---casually(adv.)17.wave(n.)波---microwave(n.)微波炉18.fresh(adj.)新鲜的---freshness(n.)---refresh(v.)使恢复,使振动19. educate(v.)---educator(n.)---education(n.)教育20. c ontribute(v.)贡献---contribution(n.)21. present(v.)提交,呈上(adj.)在场的,现在的---presentation(n.)显示,演出22.agree(v.)---disagree(v.)不同意---disagreement(n.)分歧,不一致tend to do 易于做某事,往往做某事 = be likely to so sth.tend (to) sb. 照料,护理= attend to sb. =care for = take care of=look afterOpportunities and success tend to be in favor of those who are ready.1) *社会上有很多父母对孩子过分呵护。
units 1-2 综合测试题
选修六第1-2单元综合测试题第一卷(共105分)第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)(略)第二部分英语知识运用(共两节,满分35分)第一节语法和词汇知识(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
21. —It’s getting late. I’m afraid I must be going now.—OK. ____.A. Take it easyB. Go slowlyC. Stay longerD. See you22. You will find the map of great ____ especially when you get lost in a strange place.A. priceB. costC. valueD. count23. If you ____ bright sunlight on dry wood with a magnifying glass, it will start burning.A. exposeB. concentrateC. focusD. aim24. ____ of the truth of the report, he told his colleagues about it.A. ConvincedB. ConvincingC. To convinceD. Having convinced25. —What do you think of that reading lamp as a gift for Mary’s birthday?—____, but I don’t particularly care for the design.A. That’s rightB. I think it’s a Chinese styleC. Not badD. Let me think it over once again26. —What do you think made Mary so upset?—____ her new bicycle.A. As she lostB. Because of losingC. LosingD. Lost27. The shop manager always says to her assistants, “We can never be ____ polite to our customers.”A. soB. moreC. tooD. that28. It is unbelievable that the country has been ____ into an advanced industrial power in only 20 years.A. translatedB. shiftedC. transferredD. transformed29. The teacher demanded that the exam ______ before eleven.A. must finishB. would be finishedC. be finishedD. must be finished30. The boy didn’t even look up when I came near, his attention ____ on the novel he was reading.A. paidB. givenC. drawnD. fixed31. As we all know, it was ___ that resulted in the terrible car accident.A. because of her carelessnessB. her being carelessC. because she was carelessD. she was so careless32. A good teacher must not only have much knowledge but also know how to ____ his ideas.A. conveyB. conductC. consultD. confront33. ____ before we depart the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful dinner party.A. Had they arrivedB. Have they arrivedC. Would they arriveD. Were they to arrive34. —We ____ gas. I’m afraid we can’t go much further.—I know there’s a gas station ahead. Will it last until we get there?A. run outB. have run outC. are running out ofD. have run out of35. Excuse me, can I leave early this afternoon and ____ the time tomorrow?A. make ofB. make upC. make intoD. make out第二节完形填空(共20小题;每小题1分,满分20分)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从36-55各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
高中英语选修6人教版单元测试及答案人教高中英语选修6-Unit 1~2课时练习及解析
人教版高中英语选修六Unit 1~2 课时练习Ⅰ.单项填空1.—Which do you perfer,the Impressionist paintings or the paintings of modern art?—________.A.Don't mention itB.I'd prefer the formerC.It's my pleasureD.It's none of your business解析:根据问句可知答语应为:我更喜欢前者。
A项和C项都是回答别人道谢时的用语,意为“不用谢,不客气”;D项意为“不关你的事”。
答案:B2.The film 2012 ________ that there will be a disaster on the earth in 2012.Do you believe so?A.expects B.appealsC.unfluences D.predicts解析:根据题意及从句的时态可知应选predict“预测”。
expect“期待,指望”;appeal“呼吁,求助”;influence“影响”。
A、B、C三项均不符合题意。
答案:D3.Johnson had no choice but to have his baby ________ because of his financial problems.A.adopted B.adoptC.adapted D.adapt解析:句意:由于经济原因,约翰逊没有别的选择,只有让别人收养他的孩子。
adopt“采用,收养”;adapt“改变,适应”。
由于his baby和adopt之间为动宾关系,故用过去分词作宾语补足语。
故A项正确。
答案:A4.—Was she badly hurt?—Yes,each time she moved her leg,she ________ a cry.A.broke out B.took outC.let out D.kept out解析:let out意为“发出,放走”。
2019-2020学年语文人教版选修《中国文化经典研读》练习:第四单元 4 《大学》节选 含答案解析
经典原文4《大学》节选课后训练一起提高一、基础知识巩固1.对下列句子中加点词的解释无误的一项是()A.知止而后有定.定:决定。
B.掩其不善,而著.其善著:显露。
C.人之其所亲爱而辟.焉辟:开辟。
D.无诸己而后非.诸人非:不对的。
项,定,目标,志向。
C项,辟,有偏向。
D项,非,批评。
()A.其机如此.. B.此之谓自谦..C.大学之道D.小人闲居..为不善项,古义,自我满足。
今义,自己表示谦虚。
C项,古义,古代天子设立的学校,与小学相对而言,教,实施高等教育的学校的一种,包括综合大学和专科大学、学院。
,独处。
今义,在家里住着没有工作做。
() A.在明.明德 B.所谓诚.其意者C.上长长而民兴弟D.意诚而后心正.项是形容词作动词,敬重。
其他三项是使动用法。
,加点词的意义和用法相同的一项是()A.①如见其肺肝然②见君子而后厌然B.①此谓诚于中形于外②得复见将军于此C.①人之其所亲爱而辟焉②人之视己D.①故君子必慎其独也项,①助词,用于词尾,表示比拟;②助词,用于副词、形容词之后,表示状态。
B项,介词,在,表处所。
介词,对于;②助词,用于主谓之间,取消句子的独立性。
D项,①所以;②旧的,原来的。
(1)欲治其国者,先齐其家;,;欲修其身者,先正其心。
(2),,听而不闻,食而不知其味。
(3)孝者,所以事君也;弟者,;慈者,。
:上老老而民兴孝,,。
欲齐其家者先修其身(2)心不在焉视而不见(3)所以事长也所以使众也(4)上长长上恤孤而民不倍二、阅读能力培养(一)阅读文本选段,完成第6~9题。
大学之道,在明明德,在亲民,在止于至善。
知止而后有定,定而后能静,静而后能安,安而后能虑,虑而后能得。
物有本末,事有终始,知所先后,则近道矣。
古之欲明明德于天下者,先治其国;欲治其国者,先齐其家;欲齐其家者,先修其身;欲修其身者,先正其心;欲正其心者,先诚其意;欲诚其意者,先致其知。
致知在格物。
物格而后知至,知至而后意诚,意诚而后心正,心正而后身修,身修而后家齐,家齐而后国治,国治而后天下平。
最新人教版高中历史选修一单元测试题及答案全套
最新人教版高中历史选修一单元测试题及答案全套第一单元测试卷时间:45分钟满分:100分一、选择题(每小题4分,共40分)1.右图是《荷马史诗》插图本的封面。
下列关于这本书的表述不正确的是()A.描写内容处于公元前20世纪至公元前12世纪B.描写内容处于公元前11世纪至公元前9世纪C.描写内容会出现部落或氏族之间长期纷争不休的社会背景D.所描述的时代被称为“荷马时代”【解析】荷马时代的时间跨度是公元前11世纪至公元前9世纪,这一时期部落或氏族间长期纷争不休,人们对于这一时期的了解来自于盲诗人荷马,因此以他的名字命名。
只有A表述不正确。
【答案】A2.(2015·临沂模拟)普鲁塔克在《梭伦传》中记述道:“所有的平民都负了富人的债,他们或者是替富人耕种土地,缴纳5/6的收成,因而被称为‘六一汉’或‘塞特’;或者以自己人身作债务抵押,可以被债主押收,因而有的在本土成为奴隶,有的被卖到了外国。
”“六一汉”群体的出现主要是由于() A.雅典民主政治高度发展的结果B.贵族对平民实行盘剥的结果C.雅典政治经济发展的必然产物D.是雅典经济高度发展的结果【解析】“六一汉”是指无力还债的平民,不得不为债主耕种土地,把收成的六分之五作为地租交给债主,保留收成的1/6。
“六一汉”的状况是当时雅典下层平民的生动写照。
这种现象的出现,显然是贵族对平民实行盘剥的结果。
【答案】B3.梭伦在当选执政官之前,曾经赋诗说:“我注目凝视,悲哀充溢着我的心,这爱奥尼亚最古老的地方,竟至陷于绝境。
”梭伦说雅典“陷于绝境”是指()A.雅典面临外族入侵的危险B.贵族与平民的矛盾斗争激烈C.奴隶主贵族之间的斗争D.自然灾害的威胁【解析】本题主要考查梭伦改革的背景。
梭伦改革之前,雅典处于贵族政治统治之下,平民与贵族的矛盾激化,改革势在必行。
A、C、D与题意不符。
【答案】B4.右图展示的是古代雅典的轻装步兵,该兵种是当时雅典军队的三大兵种之一。
《语言文字应用》人教版语文选修第四单元《词语万花筒》第4课《中华文化的智慧之花——熟语》同步练习B卷
《语言文字应用》人教版语文选修第四单元《词语万花筒》第4课《中华文化的智慧之花——熟语》同步练习B卷(新版)姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________一、选择题 (共15题;共30分)1. (2分) (2020高一上·大庆开学考) 在下面一段话空缺处依次填入词语,最恰当的一组是()与众多欧西事物的“迁地弗良”不同,文学史这一著述形式进入中国以后,很快便________,而今已经变得枝繁叶茂。
欧洲十九世纪兴盛一时的文学史,十九世纪末遭遇了来自审美主义的________;二十世纪中叶,在美国学院占据主流的“新批评”更是公然拒绝文学史;尽管后来随着文学社会学、接受美学、新历史主义等研究路径的展开,文学史一度有复兴之势,但对这一学科进行理论反思的声音,一直________。
A . 落地生根置疑不绝如缕B . 入乡随俗质疑若隐若现C . 落地生根质疑不绝如缕D . 入乡随俗置疑若隐若现2. (2分)下列加线成语运用不当的一项是()A . 他从外国冒险家手里接过极少的钱财,让他们把难于计数的敦煌文物一箱箱运走。
B . 但是,他太卑微,太渺小,太愚昧.最大的倾泄也只是对牛弹琴,换得一个漠然的表情。
C . 国家队的几位表现出色的小将,被誉为中国足坛的明日黄花。
D . 他们二人虽有些私怨,但在工作中从不勾心斗角,而是愉快地合作。
3. (2分) (2020高一上·渭滨期末) 下列各句中划线词语的使用,全都正确的一组是()①为了孕育浓厚的文化氛围,文学社的成员们决心以无所不为的勇气,努力克服重重困难,开展文学活动,拓展学生的文学视野,丰富学生的课余生活。
②喜欢石头体现了他坚强不屈的性格、不同流俗的思想和坚若磐石的个性,当然也寄托了他向往晨夕风露、阶柳庭花、餐云卧石的生活。
③在微博等网络舆论大力监督下,在有关部门的周密调查下,“表哥”“房叔”等人光鲜外表下掩藏的腐败本质被暴露得具体而微。
人教版英语选修六第三单元单元质量检测卷
第三单元单元质量检测卷(时间:120分钟满分:150分)第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1.Where does the conversation probably take place?A.In a hotel.B.At a campus.C.In the street.2.How long will it take the woman to get to the bank?A.15 minutes.B.12 minutes.C.Half an hour.3.What does the man really mean?A.She can't park her car here.B.He'll park his car here.C.He'll load his goods here.4.What does the man want to do?A.Check in.B.Rent a room.C.Have a meal.5.Why does the man get a new motor?A.His bike was broken.B.His bike was lost.C.His bike was sold.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
6.Where does the conversation take place?A.At a taxi stand.B.At a bus stop.C.At a gas station.7.How much does the man pay?A.$50.B.$28.85.C.$21.15.听第7段材料,回答第8至10题。
选修六专题四 欧洲文艺复兴时期的文化遗产佛罗伦萨和罗马精品文档
一、文艺复兴的摇篮--佛罗伦萨
政治:建立资产阶级政权 经济:欧洲最早的资本主义萌芽的出现。 原 因 有利因素:美第奇家族对文艺和建筑活动的大
力扶植和资助。 地理位置及文化基础:
地处东西方贸易中转站,经济发达; 有丰富的古罗马文化的遗存,深受其益。
文艺复兴名人:但丁、乔托、彼特拉克、达芬奇、米 开朗基罗、拉斐尔、薄伽丘、伽利略、马基雅维利等。
《春神图》
画面的情节是在一个优美雅静的树林里展开的,美丽端庄的维 纳斯位居中央,她以闲散幽雅的表情等待着春之降临。在她左右, 三位女神分别是花神、春神与风神(自左至右)三个形象,沐浴在阳 光里,正相互携手翩翩起舞。右边的一个象征“华美”,中间一个 象征“贞淑”,左边一个象征“欢悦”。她们将给人间带来生命的 欢乐。
二、佛罗伦萨著名的文化遗产 (一)圣母玛利亚大教堂:文艺复兴建筑的“第一朵报春 花1”、背景(目的): 2、建筑过程:
3、建筑成就:
(1)大:可同时容纳3万人从事宗教礼拜活动
(当时的佛罗伦萨城最多也就9万多人);
(2)高: 高达107米,是该城最高的建筑,其主教堂圆顶“同
四周山峰一样高,老天爷看了也会嫉妒”;
二、佛罗伦萨著名的文化遗产 (一)圣母玛利亚大教堂:文艺复兴建筑的“第一朵报春 花(”二)乌菲齐博物馆和皮提宫的帕拉蒂纳美术馆
人文主义的体现在:
1、美第奇家族苦心经营艺术品收藏的情况上。体现了 文艺复兴时期人们对艺术品的珍爱。(这本身就是人文 主义的一种体现)
2、通过美术馆中的藏品与中世纪的艺术品进行比较, 体现了文艺复兴时期艺术品的人文主义色彩。
第四单元 欧洲文艺复兴时期的文化遗产
第2课 罗马文艺复兴时期的文化遗产
了解圣彼得大教堂所体现的历史、宗教、 基本要求 建筑和艺术等方面的成就。认识米开朗基罗、
2019-2020学年人教版选修六 Unit1 Art 单元测试题(含答案)
2019-2020学年人教版选修六Unit1 Art 单元测试题(含答案)(本卷满分100分)一、阅读理解(每小题2分,共16分)ABenjamin West, the father of American painting, showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age. But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one. In those days, a brush was made from camel’s hair. There were no camels nearby. Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead. He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush.The brush did not last long. Soon Benjamin needed more fur. Before long, the cat began to look ragged(蓬乱). His father said that the cat must be sick. Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.The cat’s lot was about to improve.That year, one of Benjamin’s cousins, Mr. Pennington, came to visit. He was impressed wit h Benjamin’s drawings. When he went home, he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes. He also sent six engravings(版画) by an artist. These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen.In 1747, when Benjamin was nine years old, Mr. Pennington returned for another visit. He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift. He asked Benjamin’s parents if he might take the boy to Philadelphia for a visit.In the city, Mr. Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings. The boy began a landscape(风景) painting. William Williams, a well-known painter, came to see him work. Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home. The books were long and dull. Benjamin could read only a little, having been a poor student. But he later said, “Those two books were my companions by day, and under my pillow at night.” While it is likely that he understood very little of the books, they were his introduction to classical paintings. The nine-year-old boy decided then that he would be an artist.1. What is the text mainly about?A. Benjamin’s visit to Philadelphia.B. Williams’ influence on Benjamin.C. The beginning of Benjamin’s life as an artist.D. The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington.2. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest?A. The cat would be closely watched.B. The cat would get some medical care.C. Benjamin would leave his home shortly.D. Benjamin would have real brushes soon.3. What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent?A. He took him to see painting exhibitions.B. He provided him with painting materials.C. He sent him to a school in Philadelphia.D. He taught him how to make engravings.4. Williams’ two books helpe d Benjamin to ________.A. master the use of paintsB. appreciate landscape paintingsC. get to know other paintersD. make up his mind to be a painterBFive years ago, when I taught art at a school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students. I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student, and said: “Make something out of the Tinkertoys. You have 45 minutes today—and 45 minutes each day for the rest of the week.”A few students hesitated to start. They waited to see what the rest of the class would do. Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided. Another group built something out of their own imaginations.Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time. His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home. I was delighted at the presence of such a student. Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染) other students.Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Wi thout fail one would declare, “But I’m just not creative.”“Do you dream at night when you’re asleep?”“Oh, sure.”“So tell me one of your most interesting dreams.”The student would tell something wildlyimaginative. Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads. “That’s pretty creative. Who does that for you?”“Nobody. I do it.”“Really—at night, when you’re asleep?”“Sure.”“Try doing it in the daytime, in class, okay?”5. The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to .A. know more about the studentsB. make the lessons more excitingC. raise the students’ interest in artD. teach the students about toy design6. What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph 3?A. He liked to help his teacher.B. He preferred to study alone.C. He was active in class.D. He was imaginative.7. What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Mistake.B. Drawback.C. Difficulty.D. Burden.8. Why did the teacher ask the students to talk about their dreams?A. To help them to see their creativity.B. To find out about their sleeping habits.C. To help them to improve their memory.D. To find out about their ways of thinking.二、七选五(每小题2分,共10分)Children art education is something that is much encouraged for children’s creative growth. This is necessary because a child can have a sense of appreciation of the arts and along with all the other things that they learn in school. 9Children art education should be designed from a very early age so that they are allowed to express themselves freely in whatever way that they wish to. 10However, the task of children art education is not a very easy one, because you have to find the right way in which you can help them get interested in what you are trying to teach them. 11 The physical space where the art education is to be carried out should also be carefully decorated to make it attractive to the children. Use of colors should be made in abundance(丰富) as that is what attracts a child first to it.Displaying examples of artwork that you think would be important enough to influence the children is also a good idea. Of course, a photograph of a painting of the Madonna(圣母马利亚) is something that children might not appreciate. 12 This will be a source of inspiration for the children to try them out as well.The creative process is something that you must not interfere with(干涉) during a children art education class. 13 But after that, you must wait for the children themselves to come up with somethi ng meaningful to their ability. As long as the result is connected with the topic, every child’s art work is worth praising.A. You can just give them a topic for drawing.B. Instead, put up paintings that children will be fond of.C. The reason for this could be the lack of interest in the teacher.D. A trip to an art museum can be an inspiration to many students.E. They also have a place where they can express all their feelings.F. This is the only way that art can be appreciated as children grow up.G. So creating the right environment for children art education is very important.三、完形填空(每小题1.5分,共30分)Back in the 15th century, in a tiny village near Nuremberg lived a family with several children. In order to 14 these children, the father worked hard. Despite their seemingly 15 condition, two of the children had a 16 . They both wanted to pursue their talent for 17 , but their father would never be 18 able to send either of them to Nuremberg to study at the Academy.After long 19 , the two boys finally came to an agreement. They would toss(投掷) a coin. The loser would work in the nearby 20 to support his brother while he attended the Academy. Then, when the winner completed his studies, he would support the other either with 21 of his artwork or by laboring in the mines.They tossed a coin as they had 22 . Albrecht Durer won the toss and 23 to NuRemberg. Albert went to work in the dangerous mines and financed his brother. Albrecht’s 24 were far better than those of most of his professors, and by the time he 25 , he was beginning to earn lots of money for his works.When the young artist returned to his village, he thanked his beloved 26 for the years of sacrifice that had made it 27 to achieve his ambition, and said, “Now, it is your 28 to pursueyour dream, and I will support you.”29 , Albert refused Albrecht and said softly, “It is too 30 for me. The bones in every finger have been broken. I cannot even hold a glass, 31 hold a pen or a brush.”One day, to show gratitude(感激) to Albert, Albrecht 32 his brother’s abused hands as a gift and called his powerful drawing simply “Hands”, but the entire world renamed his 33 of love “The Praying Hands”.14. A. educate B. raise C. praise D. blame15. A. excellent B. reasonable C. hopeless D. attractive16. A. quarrel B. fight C. secret D. dream17. A. art B. music C. acting D. writing18. A. physically B. financially C. mentally D. psychologically19. A. expressions B. preparation C. discussions D. unemployment20. A. cities B. academies C. factories D. mines21. A. sales B. copies C. models D. displays22. A. pursued B. agreed C. repeated D. predicted23. A. took off B. drove away C. went off D. ran away24. A. reports B. lessons C. articles D. works25. A. graduated B. married C. retired D. died26. A. father B. brother C. professors D. villagers27. A. convenient B. important C. possible D. flexible28. A. turn B. luck C. dignity D. honor29. A. However B. Moreover C. Therefore D. Otherwise30. A. early B. late C. exciting D. challenging31. A. rather than B. more than C. or rather D. much less32. A. drew B. cured C. washed D. tested33. A. game B. story C. gift D. idea四、单句语法填空(每小题2分,共24分)34. Mother is cooking while father ________(read) a novel.35. Listen, who ________(sing) in the next room?36. Do I have to take all the medicine? It ________(taste) so terrible.37. The plane ________(take) off at 5:00 tomorrow morning.38. I can’t give you this unless Tom ________(agree).39. Lucy and Lily often ________(come) to school by car, but now they ________.40.—You are drinking too much.—Only at home. No one ________(see) me but you.41. Tom spent less than one hour ________(solve) the problem.42. Yesterday I ________(go) shopping, bought some books and had dinner at a restaurant.43. It took me almost half an hour ________(walk) here.44. When he was playing football yesterday, he got his glasses ________(break).45. He was the first ________(come) but the last one ________(leave).五、单句改错(每小题2分,共20分)46. Chuck is a businessman who is always very busy that he has little time for his friends.47. The number of people who learns English as a foreign language is more than 750 millions.48. Except the differences in spelling, written English is more or less the same in both British and American English.49. You will get close to the nature and take exercise at the same time.50. You should not go rafting if you know how to swim.51. The teacher told the students not to look out the window.52. How many pages have you read?53. In the Bronze Age, people could make tools from copper and bronze.54. It’s useless try to argue with Shylock.55. After five hours’ drive, they reached where they thought was the place they’d been dreaming of.答案一、阅读理解(每小题2分,共16分)A【文章大意】本文属于记叙文,主要讲了美国绘画之父Benjamin在决定要成为一名画家之前的经历。
高中英语选修6人教版单元测试及答案units 1-5 综合测试语法练习
units1—5综合测试题 (语法练习)1.If all the people _______ kind and honest, the world _______a better place to live in.A.are; will beB.were; will beC.were; would beD.were; should be2. –She is coughing and sneezing all the time.--So ______you if you ______a cold.A.will; haveB.would; hadC.will; hadD.might; had3. If I ______ your brains, I _______continue doing the work I am doing now.A.have; won’tB.had; won’tC.had; wouldn’tD.have; wouldn’t4. If it ______ tomorrow, our picnic _______ to be put off.A.rains; would haveB..rains; hasC.should rain; would haveD.would rain; would have5. If he ______ more carefully, that accident _______ and he _______A.were driving; wouldn’t happen; wouldn’t dieB.had driven; wouldn’t have happened; wouldn’t dieC.had driven; wouldn’t have happened; wouldn’t have diedD.should have driven; wouldn’t have been happened; wouldn’t have died6. If you ______to her about it yesterday, you ________ what to do now.A.should have spoken; would knowB.spoke; would knowC.had spoken; would have knownD.had spoken; would know7. _______of the meeting, he wouldn’t have come for it.A.If he were not toldB.Had he not been toldC.Hadn’t he been toldD.If he hadn’t told8. Without the sun to give us light and heat, nothing _______ on the earth.A.would liveB.will liveC.livedD.would have lived9. They applied first aid to the seriously wounded driver, or he __________.A.would dieB.had diedC.would have been diedD.would have died.10. I would have come to your party yesterday but I _______too busy.A.wasB.had beenC.would have beenD.am11. Her pale face suggested that she ____ ill and it was suggested that she _____ in hospital for acouple of days.A.should be; should stayB.was; stayedC.was; stayD.had been; stays12. The little boy insisted that he _______ nothing wrong and that he _____ his mobile returned .A.have done; haveB.had done; haveC.has done; hasD.had done; had13. The premier minister ordered that he ______ of everything that is going and required that allthe working staff _______this order.A.would be informed; would obeyB.be informed; obeyC.should inform; should obeyD.had been informed; obeyed14. I completely agree to your advice that children ________ with respect and encouragement.A.should bring upB.will be brought upC.be brought upD.are brought up15. It is important and necessary that one ____ a foreign language so that he can be betterequipped for his future.A.learnsB.learnedC.learnD.will learn16. How I wish you _______ to my birthday party last night.A.cameB.would comeC.had comeD.would have come17. He is walking as if he _______drunk.You’d better support him so that he won’t fall over hisown feet.A.wereB.wasC.isD.has been18. If only I _______ for one hundred years!A.can liveB.could liveC.had livedD.lived19. It is time that you ______ down to your work.A.getB.gotC.would getD.have to20. I am too busy to talk to you about this.I’d rather you ______ next Friday afternoon.A.would comeB.were to comeC.had comeD.came21. The Parkers has bought a new house but _____ will need a lot of work before they can move in.A.theyB.itC.oneD.that22. I hate ______when people talk with their mouths full of food.A.themB.thatC.itD.one23._____ was not until yesterday that he realized that he was wrong.A.ThatB.HeC.ItD.This24.-_Someone is knocking at the door.Who can _____ be?---I will go and answer it.A.sheB.theyC.heD.it25.They want to make _______ clear to the public that they are doing an important and necessary job.A.thisB.thatC.itD.whatII 完形填空While attending a conference, I returned to my hotel room late one evening.The overhead light outside my door was burned out and I had 26 finding the keyhole.When I 27 to open the door, I 28 around the wall for a light switch.I found a plate where a switch was 29 installed...but no switch!Not discouraged easily, I remembered 30 a lamp by the bed when I deposited my luggage 31 in the day.I found the bed in the 32 and then the lamp, but when I switched it on, nothing 33 ! I thought that perhaps if I opened the curtains I might be able to use whatever light comes in from the 34 to find another lamp.So I 35 my way slowly across the room to the curtains and...no drawstring! I finally stumbled(跌跌撞撞地走)around 36 I found a desk lamp which actually 37 !That evening I discovered in a whole new way just how dark the world 38 be and how necessary light is! But even more necessary than 39 light is the light that shines from people --the light of 40 and faith.Because, for many people, the world is a dark and 41 place.For someone today just may be stumbling in discouragement or sadness or fear and in 42 of some light.So let your light shine.Whatever light you 43 may be a beacon of hope and encouragement.And if you feel that your light is 44 a candle in a forest remember -- there isn’t enough darkness in all the world to45 the light of one small candle.26.A.confidence B.respect C.admiration D.difficulty27.A.managed B.failed C.wished D.meant28.A.touched B.felt C.sensed D.looked29.A.already B.never C.still D.once30.A.equipping B.producing C.spotting D.removingter B.earlier C.lower D.upper32.A.light B.dark C.room D.corner33.A.happened B.operated C.fired D.developed34.A.machine B.street C.room D.car35.A.wound B.forced C.made D.lost36.A.after B.until C.while D.since37.A.helped B.affected C.worked D.inspired38.A.can B.shall C.will D.must39.A.mental B.psychological C.electrical D.physical40.A.existence B.love C.truth D.wisdom41.A.lonely B.colourful C.friendly plex42.A.short B.favour C.face D.need43.A.make B.offer C.take D.contribute44.A.not more than B.other than C.no more than D.rather than45.A.put out B.give out C .get over D.set upIII 阅读理解第一节:阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
2021《优化方案》高考化学(苏教版)一轮复习练习:选修 有机化学基础第四单元课后达标检测
1.下列各化合物中,能发生酯化、还原、加成、消去四种反应的是( ) A .CH 3—CH===CH —CHO解析:选C 。
A 项,不能发生酯化、消去反应;B 项,不能发生还原、加成反应;D 项,不能发生消去反应。
2.(2022·阳泉期末考试)下列有关有机物的叙述正确的是( ) A .分子式为C 10H 14的单取代芳烃有5种结构 B .乙烯、聚氯乙烯和苯分子中均含有碳碳双键 C .用碳酸钠溶液可鉴别乙醇、乙酸和乙酸乙酯D .乳酸薄荷醇酯的结构简式如图,它仅能发生水解、氧化和消去反应解析:选C 。
A 项,C 10H 14除苯环外还有—C 4H 9,丁基有4种结构,错误;B 项,聚氯乙烯和苯环中无碳碳双键,错误;C 项,三者现象分别是互溶、有气体生成、分层,正确;D 项,还可以发生取代反应,错误。
3.(2021·高考全国卷Ⅱ,8,6分)某羧酸酯的分子式为C 18H 26O 5,1 mol 该酯完全水解可得到1 mol 羧酸和2 mol 乙醇,该羧酸的分子式为( )A .C 14H 18O 5B .C 14H 16O 4 C .C 16H 22O 5D .C 16H 20O 5解析:选A 。
由1 mol 酯(C 18H 26O 5)完全水解可得到1 mol 羧酸和2 mol 乙醇可知,该酯为二元酯,分子中含有2个酯基(—COO —),结合酯的水解反应原理可得“1 mol C 18H 26O 5+2 mol H 2O ――→水解1 mol 羧酸+2 mol C 2H 5OH ”,再结合质量守恒定律推知,该羧酸的分子式为C 14H 18O 5。
4.(2022·开封高三模拟)下列关于分子式为C 4H 8O 2的有机物的同分异构体的说法中,不正确的是( ) A .属于酯类的有4种B .属于羧酸类的有2种C .存在分子中含有六元环的同分异构体D .既含有羟基又含有醛基的有3种解析:选D 。
2019秋人教版高中英语选修六Unit4Globalwarming单元测试
单元质量评估(四)时间:100分钟分数:120分第一部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
ASolar energy collection faces no shortage of problems .Scientists have discovered another bloc 阻碍):air pollution .In certain parts of the globe, its influence on solar panels太阳能面板)can decrease energy output by more than 25 percent according to a new study.My colleagues in India were showing off some of their rooftop solar installations and I was blown away by the panels and couldn't describe how dirty they were” said Michael Bergin, a professor of environmental engineering at Duke University and lead author of the study. “ I thought the dirt must affect their efficiency, so we put together a model to do just tha tWorking with his colleagues at the Indian Institute of TechnologyGandhinagar, Bergin measured the efficiency of the school'ssolar panels as they became dirty over several months .The chemical analysis showed that 92 percent of the dirt was natural dust .The remaining 8 percent pollutants came from humanactivities,such as fossil-fuel and biomass combustion (生物质燃烧).Although this latter group contributed to a smaller percentage of the overall dirt on the solar panels,it can result in greater energy loss,Bergin said.The man-made pollutants are small and sticky(粘的), making them much more difficult to clean off.In addition,smaller pollutants block sunlight more efficiently than natural dust does.Although cleaning the panels produced an immediate 50 percent increase in energy gathering,Bergin warned against it.“The more you clean them,the higher your risk of damaging them,” he said.“We always knew these pollutants were bad for human health and climate change,but now we've shown how bad they are for solar energy as well ,” Bergin added.“It's yet another reason for policymakers worldwide to adopt emission controls. ”【语篇解读】本文介绍了影响太阳能收集的一个容易被忽略的因素:空气污染,尤其是人类活动造成的颗粒污染,其中所占比例虽小但影响巨大。
高中英语 人教版新课标 选修六 第四 单元 Unit 4 Global warming 单元综合测评 含答案详解
Unit 4 Global warming单元综合测评(时间:100分钟分值:120分)选择题部分Ⅰ.阅读理解(共两节,满分35分)第一节(共10小题;每小题2.5分,满分25分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
AThe number of buses, taxis and other vehicles on Kenya’s roads is growing every day. Now, the country’s first electric-powered motorbikes are coming into the market. The bike is designed to cut down on pollution and aimed at low-income communities. Most motorbikes used in Kenya depend on gasoline as fuel, but not this new motorbike.Three university students developed the new ecotype bike. It catches the sun’s energy, stores it in batteries and uses it to charge the electric motor. Robert Achoge is one of the student inventors. “Our hope is that by th e fifth year, we will be able to cover the whole of Kenya with the electric motorcycle so as to conserve the environment and provide affordable transport.”The students have set up a charging station for the motorbikes in Nairobi. Riders can plug the bikes into any electrical outlet. The small battery can run for 70 kilometres when fully charged. Once the power is used up, the motorbike has to return to the station while another charged battery is connected to the bike. The US African Development Foundation (USADF) is providing finance for two solar-powered charging stations in the Kenyan port of Kisumu.Each ecotype bike costs about $700. One taxi operator says the new motorbike costs less to operate than that running on traditional gasoline. “When it comes to buying gasoline, there’s no need. It’s basically good for various things. As long as you won’t take quite a heavy load(装载量), you can go with it anywhere. Otherwise, it may break down halfway. But now people still have a preference to the gas-powered bi kes.”A Nairobi dealership is selling the ecotype bikes. Businessman Kennedy Kusimba hopes they will become popular. We also know they are more reliable compared to the gas-powered bikes.1.What do we know about the ecotype bike?A.It was developed by the USADF.B.Its energy comes from the sunlight.C.It can charge itself while running.D.It does more harm to the environment.2.What do people think of the ecotype bike?A.It’s better not to use it to carry too much.B.It is a good choice for the long-distance journey.C.It will take the place of gas-powered bikes soon.D.It is much more expensive than a traditional motorbike.3.Where does the text probably come from?A.A research plan.B.An advertisement.C.A government report.D.A science magazine.BSeveral years ago, the mayor of Chicago, Illinois, visited Germany, a leader in green roof design. Former Mayor Richard Daley later decided to have vegetation planted on Chicago City Hall. Today, the tops of many other buildings also look like parks. In Canada, the Coast Plaza Hotel in Vancouver has a forest on its roof. New York City has an unusual demonstration farm for hydroponics(水培).The farm is on a boat called the Science Barge. Rainwater and purified river water are used to grow lettuces, tomatoes, cucumbers and peppers. The farm shows the possibilities for designing rooftop systems.Green roofs are designed to save energy and capture rainwater. Rooftops covered with plants help keep buildings cool. They can extend the life of a roof. And they can reduce water running off into streets and storming water systems.Experts say green roofs usually do not get much above twenty-seven degrees Celsius. So temperatures might not be a problem for growing. But rooftop gardeners have to be careful not to put too much weight on the roof. This is true whether plants are grown in soil or water.Earlier in 2008, researchers in Texas reported that green roofs can reduce a building’s air conditioning costs by about one fifth compared to blacktop roofs. But they also reported that not all green roofs perform equally well. They found that designs differ in their ability to keep buildings cool and to capture rainwater. The researchers put experimental roofs on top of metal insulated boxes, to recreate green roof conditions. The study compared products from six companies to help businesses understand how to improve their designs. Each rooftop had sixteen different kinds of plants native to Texas. The researchers said the presence of native plants likely helped all the green roofs capture water better compared to sedums. Sedums are plants that need little water and often are used on green roofs. The native plants could take in more water and release more of it to the atmosphere.4.The author writes Paragraph 1 to .A. tell us what is the green roof designB. tell us Germany is the country that leads or guides the green roof designC. introduce some famous hotels in the worldD. lead to the topic of the passage5.The underlined word “storming” in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by “”.A. attackingB.controllingC.attractingD.managing6.According to the passage, which conclusion is WRONG?A. Sometimes green roofs may break down the house.B. Not all the green roofs can reduce the building’s air conditioning costs equally.C. Different designs of green roofs have different effects on buildings.D. Sedums are a kind of plants native to Texas.CThe Antarctic’s ice-white environment is going green and facing other unexpected threats. Scientists say that as temperatures go up in the polar region, invading (入侵) plants and insects, including the flies, cause a major threat.More and more of these invaders, in the form of larvae (幼虫) or seeds, are surviving in coastal areas around the South Pole, where the temperature has risen by more than 3℃over the past three decades. Glaciers have retreated, exposing more land which has been occupied by mosses that have been found to be growing more quickly and thickly than ever before—providing potential green homes for invaders.“The common house flies are a perfect example of the problem the Antarctic now faces from invading species,” said Dominic Hodgson of the British Antarctic Survey. “It comes in on ships, where it exists in kitchens and then at bases on the continent. It now has an increasing chance of surviving in the Antarctic as it warms up, and that is a worry. Insects like the house flies carry bacteria that could have a deadly effect on native life forms.”The Antarctic has several native species of insects. Together with its native mosses, these are now coming under the increased threat from three major sources: visiting scientists, increasing numbers of tourists and global warming. However, it is global warming that is the main driver of the greening of the Antarctic.In 2015, more than 38,000 tourists visited the Antarctic. “These tourists are often very careful about not leaving waste or having mud. But they could carry seeds or larvae on their boots when they set foot on the Antarctic,” said Hodgson.More and more invasive insects and plants have been found on the Antarctic and have required removal. “The insects and plants that are native to the Antarctic have survived there for thousands of years,” said Hodgson. “We have got to act now if we want to save the environment.”7.What does the underlined word “mosses” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. A kind of plants.B. House flies.C. Coastal areas.D. A kind of animals.8.What is the main cause of the Antarctic going green?A. Scientists’ coming.B. Global warming.C. A growing number of visitors.D. The rapid spread of native planting.9.What do we know about the house flies in the Antarctic?A. They are native to the Antarctic.B. They will disappear due to the cold climate.C. They seriously affected the Antarctic native species.D. They directly fly to the Antarctic from nearby islands.10.What’s the best title for the text?A. The Antarctic is faced with various threatsB. The Antarctic is becoming green and energeticC. More and more scientists get to explore the AntarcticD. Global warming has caused the temperature in the Antarctic to rise up第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
2023-2024学年高中历史人教版选修5第四单元 二里头文化的探索单元测试(含答案解析)
2023-2024学年人教版高中历史单元测试班级 __________ 姓名 __________ 考号 __________一、选择题(本大题共计18小题每题3分共计54分)1.中华人民共和国成立后一直致力于对夏文化的探寻工作并取得了重大进展在目前所发现的文化遗址中最有可能属于夏文化的是()A. 二里头遗址B. 殷墟遗址C. 周原遗址D. 周口店遗址【答案】A【解析】二里头遗址是二里头文化的命名地并初步被确认为夏代中晚期都城遗址故A 正确B是商文化排除C是周文化排除D发现了北京人为人类进化理论提供了有利实证排除2.下列遗物最可能在“二里头遗址”被发现的是()A. 铁锄铁犁B. 传国玉玺C. 甲骨卜辞D. 青铜器皿【答案】D【解析】结合所学可知“二里头遗址”是夏朝都城遗址夏商周时期是我国的青铜时代因此“二里头遗址”中会有青铜器皿故D项正确铁器出现在春秋战国时期故A项错误传国玉玺出现在秦朝故B项错误甲骨文出现在商代故C项错误3.山西襄汾陶寺遗址发现宫殿建筑及墓地1000余座其中大墓墓主使用木棺随葬品中不乏玉器等精美物品小墓随葬品很少甚至一无所有这表明当时()A. 阶级分化现象较明显B. 手工业具备一定规模C. 土地私有制发展迅速D. 祖先崇拜已成为潮流【答案】A【解析】依据材料“大墓墓主使用木棺随葬品中不乏玉器等精美物品小墓随葬品很少甚至一无所有”和所学知识可知不同的墓中随葬品有较大的差异这从本质上说明了随着生产力发展私有制产生阶级分化日益明显故反映了陶寺遗址出现鲜明的等级分化故A正确B项未反映材料主旨排除材料内容与土地私有制无关故排除C项祖先崇拜在材料中未涉及排除D故选A4.某历史论文中先后呈现了如下材料“芒芒禹迹画(划)为九州”(《左传》襄公四年)“夏有乱政而作禹刑”(《左传》昭公六年)“鲧作城郭”(《世本·作篇》)据此推断所引材料有可能是为了说明()A. 阶级的产生B. 王的出现C. 早期国家诞生D. 世袭制的确立【答案】C【解析】材料中“芒芒禹迹画(划)为九州”意为大禹走过的地方成为了现在的九州“夏有乱政而作禹刑”意为在夏王朝时因为社会混乱所以当时的统治者禹制定了一部刑法被称为禹刑即夏朝已经有了刑法“鲧作城郭”意为鲧建立城郭综合分析可推断作者意在说明早期国家诞生故C正确ABD均与材料无关排除故选C5.一项考古统计表明我国新石器时代稻谷遗存120余处其中长江流域90余处黄河流域12处另有闽、浙、台数处炭化粟粒、粟壳遗存40余处分布于山东、河北、浙江、新疆等省区据此可以推断()①我国已由采集进入种植的时代②我国的原始农业南北各具特色③南北之间粮食品种已有交流④我国北方种植粮食早于南方A. ①③B. ①②③C. ②④D. ①②④【答案】B【解析】题目材料反映了我国新石器时代稻谷遗存多处分布于我国南北各地据此①③符合题意结合材料及我国古代南稻北粟的种植特色可知②符合题意故B项正确但材料反映不出北方种植粮食早于南方故④不符合题意可排除ACD两项故选B6.2015年11月考古人员在石家河古城中心区域的谭家岭遗址寻找大型建筑遗迹时意外发现9座瓮棺葬其中5座有玉器随葬这说明石家河遗址A. 是中华文明的起源地B. 正处于旧石器时代晚期C. 已形成君主专制国家D. 已存在社会不平等现象【答案】D【解析】9座瓮棺葬其中5座有玉器随葬而玉器在当时代表身份说明当时已经存在社会不平等现象 D正确玉器随葬不能证明石家河是中华文明的起源地排除A 玉器随葬说明当时已经具备了一定的制作水平不再是旧石器时代排除B 君主专制国家是在奏朝排除C.7.距今约7000 至 5000 年前长江下游出现了A. 大汶口文化B. 龙山文化C. 河姆渡文化D. 红山文化【答案】C【解析】距今约7000至5000年前长江下游出现了河姆渡文化 C正确大汶口文化、龙山文化位于山东排除A、B 红山文化位于辽河流域排除D.8.殷墟文化遗址与二里头文化遗址的共同点是()A. 都出土了文字资料B. 直接印证夏朝历史C. 商朝历史成为信史D. 都在今河南省境内【答案】D【解析】结合所学可知殷墟文化遗址是中国商代后期都城遗址位于中国河南安阳市二里头文化遗址是夏代都城遗址位于河南洛阳盆地东部的偃师市境内故D项正确AC项只符合殷墟文化遗址不符合二里头文化遗址排除B项只符合二里头文化遗址不符合殷墟文化遗址排除9.在我们的历史书写中有些仅仅是罗列史料有些是对史料的解读有些是史实的叙述有些是对史事的评价①二里头文化考古发现的农具有石铲、石镰、蚌铲、骨铲和蚌镰等②发现了粟、黍之类颗粒③当时的居民经济生活以农业为主④二里头遗址发现的大量文化遗迹和遗物为夏史探究提供了资料以上属于对史料的解读的是()A. ①②③B. ①②④C. ②③④D. ①③④【答案】D【解析】①石铲等农具属于农具是对史料的解读故正确②该项属于史料的叙述故排除③由农具以及作物颗粒可以得出以农业为主属于对史料的解读故正确④指出为夏朝历史的研究提供基础属于史料的解读故正确故选D.10.假如电视台想拍摄有关我国最早种植水稻的专题片下列外景地中你认为最符合拍摄要求的是()A. 元谋人遗址B. 北京人遗址C. 河姆渡遗址D. 仰韶文化遗址【答案】C【解析】结合所学内容可知我国史前先民中最早培育种植水稻的是河姆渡人所以河姆渡遗址最符合拍摄要求故选C元谋人和北京人还没有进行农业种植排除AB仰韶文化中主要是种植粟排除D故选C11.下图是1975年在山东日照市东海峪墓葬中出土的文物此杯高22.6厘米口径9厘米为泥质黑陶器表乌黑光亮胎壁薄如蛋壳此杯属于A. 仰韶文化B. 大汶口文化C. 龙山文化D. 良渚文化【答案】C【解析】结合所学知识可知蛋壳陶是一种制作精致、造型小巧外表漆黑黝亮、陶胎薄如鸡蛋壳的黑陶如高柄杯为龙山文化的一种代表性器物是一种专为礼仪用的器皿多见于较大型的墓葬中因此C正确ABD排除故选C.12.学校组织的历史兴趣小组去河姆渡文化遗址考察学习当地导游对河姆渡文化遗址作了以下解说其中有误的是A. 位于长江下游地区B. 出土碳化的稻谷C. 属于新石器时代晚期的文明D. 掌握养蚕缫丝技术【答案】C【解析】结合所学知识可知河姆渡遗址是中国新石器时代(约7000—5000年前)早期的遗址因此C错误符合题意 ABD关于河姆渡遗址表述均符合史实不符合题意故选C.13.在黄河流域的某原始遗址中发现了大量精美的玉器、黑陶以及大规模的祭坛和神庙这一遗址最有可能是()A. 北京人遗址B. 良渚文化遗址C. 河姆渡文化遗址D. 龙山文化遗址【答案】D【解析】依据材料信息结合所学可知黄河流域的龙山文化遗址出土了大量精美的玉器、黑陶以及大规模的祭坛和神庙故D项正确A项位于北京地区 BC两项位于长江流域排除故选D14.约五千年前的浙江良渚文化遗址中有水稻、蚕豆、花生、芝麻等农作物以及丝麻纺织物墓葬遗址中有些墓地宏大精美有些墓地狭小简陋据此推知()A. 黄河流域文明并非中国文明源头B. 南方文化已经受到北方文明影响C. 良渚文化发展到了早期国家阶段D. 良渚文化已出现明显的阶级分化【答案】D【解析】1.【答案】D15.西安姜寨遗址是中国迄今发掘的新石器时代面积最大的一个遗址在这个遗址中考古发掘出了大批的文物古迹但没有出土()A. 公共墓地B. 石器工具C. 青铜礼器D. 精美陶器【答案】C【解析】商代我国能够冶炼青铜新石器时代我国还没有掌握青铜冶炼技术 C符合题意ABD都是新石器时代的产物不符合题意排除故选C16.原始社会时期以种植取代采集的行为大约发生于()A. 170万年前B. 70万年前C. 20万年前D. 1万年前【答案】D【解析】结合所学知识可知距今约1万年我国进入新石器时代新石器时代是指以打磨结合方法制作石器的时代新石器时代人们已经大量使用陶器开始从事原始农业饲养家畜修建村落生活逐渐稳定 D项正确距今约170万年的元谋人和距今约70万—20万年的北京人他们从事渔猎和采集过着群居生活排除ABC项故选D17.距今约1万年前中国进入了新石器时代当时人们的生活逐渐趋向稳定的主要原因是()A. 开始从事原始农业饲养家畜B. 开始大量使用陶器C. 开始学会用火D. 血缘关系为纽带形成部落族居【答案】A【解析】根据所学知识可知在新石器时代人类开始从事农业饲养家畜获得了较为稳定的食物来源因此生活逐渐走向稳定 A正确使用陶器是表现而非原因排除B旧石器时代人类就已经学会用火排除C部落族居是定居生活的结果而非原因排除D故选A18.二里头遗址中的大型墓葬出土了丰富的随葬品有铜器、玉器、象牙器、骨器、漆器、陶器等小型墓葬则几乎没有随葬品这主要说明当时()A. 开始出现社会分工B. 社会出现等级分化C. 手工业技术水平高D. 已出现奴隶制国家【答案】B【解析】依据材料可知二里头遗址中的墓葬规模大小、随葬品多少存在严重不均说明社会出现贫富不均、等级分化故B正确材料信息无法体现“开始” 故A错误仅从随葬品的种类无法说明手工业技术水平高故C错误夏朝筑有大型城堡和大型宫殿并且组建了军队制定了刑法设置监狱建立起国家政权机构标志着奴隶制国家出现故D错误二、材料分析题(本大题共计2小题每题15分共计30分)19.(1)据材料一并结合所学知识列举二里头文化遗存的主要类型指出目前根据考古发现测定文物年代的主要技术手段19.(2)据材料二指出新砦遗址已经出现了哪些文化现象?结合所学知识概括新砦遗址的发现对于破解夏文化之谜的价值【答案】文化现象有城市结构出现了祭祀出现青铜器价值弥补了夏史研究中文献记载的不足纠正了以往夏史研究中的错误有助于深入研究中国文明的起源【解析】结合材料和所学知识我们可知里头文化遗存主要的类型有遗迹遗物和墓葬目前我们探测文物年代的主要技术手段是碳14测定【答案】【解析】从材料可以看出新砦遗址出现了城市的基本结构还出现了祭祀的场所以及有大量的青铜器存在这些都是重要的文化现象体现了我国夏朝文明的发达程度弥补了夏朝历史中文献记载的不足并且纠正了以往史学研究中出现的一些错误有助于我们深入研究中华文明的起源20.(1)夏商周断代工程专家组认定夏朝的起讫年代为公元前2070年至公元前1600年据此你认为材料一中哪些考古文化遗存可以成为探索夏文化的对象?20.(2)据材料二指出新砦遗址已经出现了哪些文化现象?结合所学知识概括新砦遗址的发现对于破解夏文化之谜的价值20.(3)结合所学知识指出考古发现的二里头文化中心区在哪里?鉴于有关夏代文献记载极其简单因此探索夏文化应该采用怎样的方法?【答案】文化遗存龙山文化晚期二里头文化一、二期(一、二、三期)【解析】紧扣题干时间“公元前2070年至公元前1600年” 进而联系材料一表格中相关内容展开回答【答案】文化现象城堡祭台铜器(青铜器)价值新砦文化把龙山文化晚期和二里头文化紧密连接起来为了解夏代早期的历史提供了有力的证据【解析】第一小问考查学生读取材料有效信息的能力注意材料二中省略号前后的内容进而展开回答第二小问可依据课本内容注意从龙山文化晚期和二里头文化的连接了解夏朝早期历史角度展开具体分析【答案】中心区河南中部(西部)山西南部(西南部)方法考古成果与文献资料相互印证【解析】第一小问联系书本史实明确河南和山西相应区域第二小问主要从“考古成果”与“文献资料”两方面展开阐述即可。
2024高中语文单元综合测试1含解析新人教版选修中国古代诗歌散文欣赏
单元综合测试一时间:150分钟满分:150分一、现代文阅读(36分)(一)论述类文本阅读(本题共3小题,9分)阅读下面的文字,完成1~3题。
社会治理智能化,就是在网络化和网络空间基础上,通过大数据、云计算、物联网等信息技术,重构社会生产与社会组织彼此关联的形态,使社会治理层次和水平得到提升,使治理过程更加优化、更加科学、更加才智。
要在促进大数据与社会治理深化融合中提升社会治理智能化水平,我们就必需精确把握“互联网+”时代社会治理创新面临的新形势新要求,并充分应用好大数据资源。
社会治理内嵌于社会结构之中,随着社会结构的变更,社会治理的对象、主体也必定发生相应的变更。
一方面,当前社会治理所服务的对象结构发生了显著变更。
详细表现为:社会阶层结构出现新老演化,人口的年龄结构、素养结构和空间分布结构发生了很大变动,老龄化社会加速到来,受过高等教化或拥有专业技能的群体日益扩大,家庭结构呈现规模小型化、类型多样化特征,社会流淌性不断增加,跨地区流淌已成为常态,越来越多的人口向大城市或中心城镇集聚。
特殊是思想活跃、利益诉求多样的新兴社会阶层对创新社会治理提出了许多新课题。
另一方面,参与社会治理的主体,也从政府单一主体过渡到一个由政府、非政府组织、公众个体等构成的行动者系统。
这些变更迫切须要提升社会治理智能化水平,也为社会治理智能化创建了良好条件。
智能化意味着精准分析、精准治理、精准服务、精准反馈。
各类社会治理主体通过获得、存储、管理、分析等手段,将具有海量规模、快速流转等特征的大数据变成活数据,广泛应用于社会治理领域,更好地服务不同社会群体,将成为政府和社会组织实施精准治理、智能治理的重要法宝。
长期以来,社会治理面临的最大难题就是风险的不行控性和难以预见性。
现代社会处于信息化和网络化困难交织的图景之中,与我国经济转轨、社会转型的背景相叠加,使现代社会治理呈现出新特征。
总的来看,我国经济社会发展面临的形势是严峻困难的,表现为短期冲突和长期冲突叠加、结构性因素和周期性因素并存、传统平安和非传统平安威逼相互交织,特殊是我国基层社会治理体系较为薄弱等等。
2023-2024学年高中历史岳麓版选修5第四单元 欧罗巴藏珍单元测试(含答案解析)
2023-2024学年岳麓版高中历史单元测试学校 __________ 班级 __________ 姓名 __________ 考号 __________注意事项1.答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息;2.请将答案正确填写在答题卡上;一、选择题(本大题共计10小题每题3分共计30分)1.环境对希腊有重要影响下列不属于自然环境对古希腊影响的是()A. 精耕细作的农耕经济发达B. 城邦之间的贸易繁荣C. 航海业对古希腊人有重要影响D. 小国寡民的城邦状态【答案】A【解析】A.古希腊没有精耕细作的发展农业符合题意故A正确B.古希腊的自然环境容易促成工商业贸易的发展使得城邦之间贸易繁荣正确不符合题意故排除C.古希腊海岛较多航海业发达正确不符合题意故排除D.古希腊自然地理环境把希腊人分割在彼此相对孤立的山谷里和海岛上容易形成小国寡民的城邦政体正确不符合题意故排除故选A2.海洋文明孕育了雅典的民主政治大河文明孕育了中国的君主专制中央集权政治造成上述差异的主要原因是()A. 经济差异B. 地理环境差异C. 政治传统不同D. 人文思想的不同【答案】A【解析】结合所学可知中国是小农经济为主这为中央集权的形成提供了条件而希腊商品经济和海外贸易发达不利于统一的中央集权的形成有利于民主制的形成因此造成差异的主要原因是经济差异故A项正确BCD三项均不是主要原因应排除故选A3.以下关于古代印度的文字属于评价的是()A. 约公元前14世纪一批自称“雅利安人”的部落出现在印度河上游地区B. 种姓制度造成印度社会阶层的隔离阻碍了社会成员的流动C. 佛教经典总称“大藏经” 内容主要由经藏、律藏和论藏三部分组成D. 《罗摩衍那》意为“罗摩的漫游” 基本定型于公元2世纪末【答案】B【解析】结合所学知识可知 A、C、D三项均是对史实的叙述只有B项评论古代印度的种姓制度属于历史评价4.世界文明分为东西方两大体系古代中国、古代印度、古代埃及和古巴比伦为东方文明古希腊、古罗马为西方文明这两种文明成果中()A. 东方文明发源于大河流域西方文明发源于沿海或海洋B. 苏美尔人发明了10进制用于测量土地计算粮食的产量C. 《摩诃婆罗多》《罗摩衍那》是目前所知最早的史诗D. 东方文明都是亚洲国家西方文明都是欧洲国家【答案】A【解析】根据材料并结合所学可知东方文明和西方文明是世界文明的两大组成部分二者有明显的区别东方文明以农耕为主西方文明工商业发达东方文明发源于大河流域西方文明发源于沿海或海洋故A项正确苏美尔人发明了60进制故B项错误目前所知最早的史诗是西亚的《吉尔伽美什》故C项错误古代埃及属于东方文明但位于非洲而不是亚洲故D项错误故选A5.古代希腊人对神灵有敬仰而无畏惧不同于东方民族把神灵看作是高高在上的存在在古代希腊人的观念里神是在另一个世界与人类共存的存在这说明在古代希腊文明中()A. “人”的探究主体发生变迁B. 宗教信仰意识淡薄C. “人为主体”成为社会共识D. 宗教思想具有人文色彩【答案】D【解析】根据材料“古代希腊人对神灵有敬仰而无畏惧不同于东方民族把神灵看作是高高在上的存在在古代希腊人的观念里神是在另一个世界与人类共存的存在”可知在古代希腊的宗教观念带有一些人文色彩故D项正确A项不符合题意排除希腊也信仰宗教故宗教信仰意识淡薄不符合材料和史实排除B项材料没有体现“人为主体”成为社会共识故C排除故选D6.某探究小组在撰写研究性学习论文时在“参考文献”中列出了以下几篇文章(书籍)①《地理与文明之间的关系》②《希腊城邦制度与民主政治》③《宽松自由的社会环境与古希腊文明》④《独特的自然环境孕育了古代希腊文化》据此推断该研究课题可能是()A. 有利的地理环境孕育了古希腊的政治文明B. 古希腊政治文明产生的条件C. 古希腊城邦制孕育了平等互利的观念D. 希腊文明与近代文明之间的关系【答案】B【解析】本题主要考查学生对教材内容的识记理解能力根据所学知识知“古希腊自然地理环境与希腊城邦制度是希腊民主政治文明产生的条件”题干中①④是关于地理环境与古希腊文明的关系②是关于城邦制度与古希腊文明的关系③是关于社会环境与古希腊文明的关系因此是从不同角度研究古希腊民主政治文明产生的条件故B正确ACD理解均片面化故排除故选B7.英文中的文明一词来源于古希腊的拉丁文(Civis).意思是城市的居民其本质含义是人民生活于城市和社会集团中的能力古希腊的“文明”内涵反映了古希腊文明的特点是A. 小国寡民B. 城邦政治C. 直接民主D. 轮番执政【答案】B【解析】材料中的关键信息是“城市的居民”、”城市和社会集团中“两处从中可以看出古希腊文中十分强调人在城邦中的地位与作用故B项说法符合题意 A、C、D均与材料主旨无关错误8.古代世界文明异彩纷呈某历史兴趣小组在开展研究性学习时收集了古埃及金字塔、古巴比伦《汉谟拉比法典》、雅典帕特农神庙遗址等素材该小组研究的主题是()A. 文明从冲突到和平B. 中外经济文化交流C. 帝国的扩张与崛起D. 世界文明的多元性【答案】D【解析】根据所学知识可知古埃及金字塔、古巴比伦《汉谟拉比法典》和雅典帕特农神庙遗址等反映了古代世界文明异彩纷呈可用来研究世界文明的多元性这一主题 D项正确三个素材不能说明文明从冲突到和平 A项不符合题意金字塔、《汉谟拉比法典》和帕特农神庙遗址等与中外经济文化交流无关 B项错误金字塔、《汉谟拉比法典》和帕特农神庙遗址均与帝国的扩张和崛起无关 C项错误故选D9.在古典时代一个住在法国和西班牙海岸的希腊人会对远在西西里和土耳其的希腊城市居民更有亲近感而不是希腊城邦附近的高卢土著、蛮族邻居这可能主要得益于()A. 直接民主的制度B. 城邦公民的平等理念C. 高度的文化认同D. 小国寡民的历史情结【答案】C【解析】“一个住在法国和西班牙海岸的希腊人会对远在西西里和土耳其的希腊城市居民更有亲近感”体现了希腊人对希腊文化的认同故C正确材料信息与直接民主、平等无关排除AB材料信息无法体现希腊人“小国寡民的历史情结” 排除D故选C10.古代希伯来人有大洪水毁灭几乎所有人类仅留下诺亚一家的传说古代希腊人也有类似的洪水毁灭人类的故事在苏美尔人的泥版文书上人们发现了这个故事的最早版本这说明()A. 希腊神话皆来源于西亚B. 苏美尔创造了人类神话C. 生存环境对文明的影响D. 诺亚方舟一说确有其事【答案】C【解析】根据所学知识可知古代苏美尔人生活在两河流域希伯来人起源于两河流域且善于航海古希腊人则依托大海而生存三种文明均有洪水毁灭人类的传说说明了生存环境对文明的影响故C正确希腊文明受西亚文明影响但并不是皆来源于西亚 A项说法太绝对故排除创造人类神话的不仅有苏美尔人故B错误诺亚方舟的故事是传说不一定确有其事 D项说法太绝对故排除二、论述题(本大题共计4小题每题15分共计60分)11.阅读材料回答问题材料在西方“英雄”一词最早见于古希腊文学作品意为“保护者”或“防卫者” 指介于神和人之间的“半神” 拥有神的血统或被赋予一定的神性他们大多是战争中英勇无畏的战士例如《荷马史诗》歌颂的英雄赫克托尔和阿喀琉斯既拥有凡人之躯又具备某些超自然的神性到了中世纪英雄变成了提倡宗教道德和禁欲主义的基督教圣徒、殉教者此外欧洲四大英雄史诗《罗兰之歌》《熙德之歌》《伊戈尔远征记》《尼伯龙根之歌》皆大力赞颂封建贵族英雄弘扬其忠诚、勇敢等品质1840年英国史学家兼文学家托马斯•卡莱尔在伦敦做了轰动一时的“英雄崇拜”演讲他宣称人类既往的历史归根到底是伟人的历史他们是人类的领袖是传奇人物广义而言是开创者他列出了六类英雄及代表人物(见下表)认为他们具有共同的品质如英雄气概、独创精神、高尚品德等卡莱尔以此控诉当时社会的空虚和庸碌无为批判制度的腐败希望再次出现巨人般的英雄解读卡莱尔的“英雄观” (要求观点正确史实充分史论结合逻辑清晰)【答案】示例解读卡莱尔的英雄观继承了古代、中世纪以来的英雄崇拜传统歌颂英雄的军事功勋、勇敢品质及牺牲精神但他拓宽了“英雄”的范围从贵族扩大到平民阶层从政治、军事领域扩大到社会其他领域但他过分夸大了英雄对历史发展的推动作用应该辩证地认识他的英雄观论证卡莱尔的英雄观深受欧洲社会变革的影响随着近代欧洲资本主义经济的发展新兴资产阶级力量的壮大出现了文艺复兴、宗教改革和启蒙运动人们的思想观念日益改变经过18、19 世纪欧美资产阶级革命和改革西方主要国家相继完成工业革命自然科学和科学精神进一步发展欧美社会在政治、经济和思想文化领域发生巨大变化实现了向现代社会的转型卡莱尔肯定了欧洲历史转折时期各领域、各阶层的杰出人物如文化领域的但丁、莎士比亚宗教改革领域的马丁•路德、约翰•诺克斯启蒙运动时期的卢梭、约翰逊•彭斯政治领域的克伦威尔、拿破仑他们都被卡莱尔视为新的英雄结论卡莱尔的英雄观肯定了英雄人物的历史贡献确立了新的标准丰富了英雄的内涵有一定的积极意义同时卡莱尔的英雄观切中时弊对资本主义制度进行了一定程度的批判回应了时代的要求但是他过分夸大了英雄对历史发展的推动作用应该辩证地认识他的英雄观【解析】从材料中可以看出从古代希腊到中世纪的欧洲再到近代西方英雄的含义和人们对英雄的认识发生了很大的变化而卡莱尔的英雄观继承了古代、中世纪以来的英雄崇拜传统拓宽了“英雄”的范围从他对英雄的分类可以看出其深受文艺复兴、宗教改革、资产阶级文学发展和资产阶级革命等一系列社会变革的影响体现了近代历史发展和社会进步结合唯物史观可以看出他过分夸大了英雄对历史发展的推动作用而忽视了人民群众的作用我们应该辩证地认识他的英雄观总之学生可根据材料中英雄的含义并结合近代重大历史事件进行解读只要言之有理即可12.阅读材料回答问题材料下面是古希腊的两个神话故事——摘编自钱乘旦《西方那一块土》解读材料信息得出两条对古希腊文化的认识并予以阐释【答案】认识1 古希腊文化人文主义色彩浓厚阐释古希腊的天神宙斯追求自己心仪的女子这说明在古希腊文化中天神与普通民众具有同样的需求米斯诺王国的国王是宙斯与欧罗巴的儿子对百姓比较善良和仁慈这反映了普通民众的要求因此这两则神话从侧面反映出古希腊文化人文主义色彩浓厚认识2 古希腊文化与古代东方文化存在一定的联系阐释两则神话人物故事存在先后关系故事一中的欧罗巴是腓尼基国王的女儿腓尼基在今天的黎巴嫩地区而米诺斯国王是宙斯与欧罗巴的儿子传说是古人类的记忆用神话的形式记录下来这一关系折射出古希腊文化与古代东方文化存在一定的联系【解析】本题为开放性试题根据材料“众神中有一个叫宙斯他负责管理这些神也负责维护人间的秩序”“向公主求婚公主只能接受宙斯的求婚做他的妻子”“国王是宙斯与欧罗巴的儿子”结合所学知识可提出观点为古希腊文化人文主义色彩浓厚然后结合两则材料中的信息进行论述说明即可13.阅读下列材料并结合所学知识回答问题黑格尔在他的《历史哲学》中有这么一段话“中国、印度、巴比伦都已经进展到了此种耕地的地位但是占有耕地的人民既然闭关自守并没有分享到海洋所赋予的文明既然他们的航海——不管这种航海发展到怎样的程度——没有影响于他们的文化所以他们和世界历史其他部分的关系完全只由于其他民族把它们寻找和研究出来”对于黑格尔的观点你是否同意结合所学知识论证你的观点(要求观点明确史论结合逻辑严密表述清楚)【答案】示例一观点我赞成黑格尔的观点论述中国古代文明更多呈现的是保守的农业文明特征①古代文明是建立在发达的小农经济之上②中国并不具备海洋文明需要的开放和进取精神③形成的是农业文明基础上的君主专制制度中国航海技术和造船技术长期领先于世界其实是农耕文明的外延是建立在农耕文明创造的先进技术之上并没有改变农耕文明的本质特征示例二观点我反对黑格尔的观点海洋文明对中国古代文明的形成产生巨大影响①在明朝之前中国的航海技术和航海活动长期领先于世界(考生可自由列举)②对外贸易活动是古代经济的重要组成部分甚至在某些朝代是支柱产业③在对外贸易中还形成了先进的市场理念和平等精神海洋文明到明代中期后逐渐衰落更多的是与明朝的对外贸易政策以及当时外国入侵等偶然因素有关【解析】本题为开放性题目考生可任选角度论证黑格尔观点如赞成黑格尔的观点首先分析中国古代农业文明特征但须进一步论证中国古代航海技术和航海活动领先于世界的原因如反对黑格尔的观点可首先列举中国古代航海技术、航海活动领先于世界的表现但须说明后来航海活动的衰落更多的是偶然原因14.阅读材料完成下列要求材料【答案】示例观点地理环境对古代政治文明产生重大影响论述古代政治文明受地理环境因素制约、影响很大其中以雅典和中国的表现尤为突出中国土地辽阔黄河流域、长江流域与中华文明的诞生有着密切的渊源中华文明属于大河文明农耕经济发达古代中国在政治上实行专制主义中央集权政治制度与这一地理环境密不可分例如秦朝的三公九卿制、郡县制唐代以后的三省六部制等都是专制主义中央集权政治的具体体现雅典濒临大洋港湾众多小国寡民是海洋文明的一个重要组成部分其商品经济繁荣海外贸易发达对外具有开放性这些是构成雅典民主制的重要因素如雅典推行的公民大会制、选举制、任期制、少数服从多数原则等是民主制的直接表现综上所述地理环境是古代国家政治制度形成的一个重要条件其对政治文明产生了重大的影响【解析】本题属于开放性论述题依据表格信息可以看出涉及的是中国和雅典政治制度状况以及地理环境由此可从地理环境对古代政治文明产生重大影响方面提取观点然后结合古代中国专制主义中央集权制度和雅典民主政治形成条件从地理环境、经济、政治方面进行论述最后得出地理环境是古代国家政治制度形成的一个重要条件其对政治文明产生了重大的影响的结论。
人教版英语选修六第四单元知识点
人教版英语选修六第四单元知识点U4(选修六)Language points-reading 11.depend on/ upon+ n 依靠,依赖, 确(坚)信You can’t depend on your parents forever.depend on/upon+sb.+to do 指望某人做……You can’t depend on him to come on time.depend on/upon +it +that…. 指望…..You may depend on it that he will come.depend on/upon +wh-从句Whether you can pass the exam depends on how hard you work.That (all) depends./ it all depends. (口语)视情况而定,I may help you. But that/ it depends.2. light1)n. 光,线,灯2)v.照亮,点燃He lit a match. 他划着了一根火柴。
A smile of triumph lit up her face. 她的脸上闪耀着胜利的微笑。
The match lights easily. 这火柴容易划着3)adjThe suitcase is very light.(轻的)There was a light rain falling.He is a light sleeper. 他睡不沉。
(易醒的)3. heat v. / heat up 是某物变热或变暖heated adj. 热的激烈的heated debate, heated discussionheatedly adv.愤怒地激昂地heater加热器发热器4.consume v.---- consumer (n.).1 消耗,花费;耗尽She consumed most of her time in reading.2吃完,喝光The kids soon consumed all the food on the table. 孩子们一会儿功夫便把桌上的食品全部吃光。
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Ⅰ.单词拼写
1. The employment problem tends to be a city (现象).
2. It travels thousands of miles (每天,每一)second.
3. I must say, in common with Helen, that I strongly (反对)the proposal.
4. The new model came in an exciting (种类,范围,射程)of color.
5. You’d better (趋向,照顾)to your own affairs.
6. There is a (分布广的,普遍的)belief that the company is in financial trouble.
7. He made a (温和的,温柔的)answer, in spite of his annoyance.
8. Temperature is below (平均的;平均数)for the time of year.
9. I am sure that Chinese people (消费,消耗)the largest amount of rice in the word.
10. The report (拥护,提倡,主张)that all buildings should be fitted with smoke
detectors.
11. Many young people could not resist the spiritual (污染,弄脏).
12. Having enough (数据)in hand, we can set to work.
13. This old man is a famous (核的,核能的,原子核的)physicist.
14. The library has (量,数量)of reference sources.
15. She needs to improve her (显示,演出)of the arguments.
16. As a (结果,后果)of smoking, my father coughs frequently.
17. According to some philosopher, everything in (生存,存在)is reasonable.
18. No one but mad people would (同意,捐赠,订阅)to such views.
19. It’s difficult for a teacher to give (个人,个体;单独的)attention to children in a
large class.
20. There are a lot of (分歧,不一致)among politicians on this issue.
21. This (环境的)effect of this new factory could be disastrous.
22. If you are serious about our interrelationship, you should make a (承诺,交托,信奉).
23. Coal, oil, wood and gas are (燃料).
24. We are entering a period of rapid population (增长,生长).
25. Nowadays, (电的,与电有关的)appliances have entered ordinary families.
26. So what do you think the (走向,趋势)of country music?
27. You have made great (贡献)to our firm.
28. Such a (图表,坐标图)is defined to be a contact network.
29. A (随便的,漫不经心的,偶然的)newspaper reader wouldn’t like articles on
politics every day.
30. Most (教育工作者,教育家)are in favor of distance learning.
31. The recent flooding in the south was a (大灾难,浩劫).
32. After a cup of coffee, I (使恢复,使振作)myself.
33. The agreement ensured a (平稳的,持续的,稳固的)supply of oil.
34. The librarian took a book at (胡乱的,任意的)from the shelf.
35. She (看一下,扫视;一瞥)shyly at him and then lowered her eyes.
36. He got into the car and started the (发动机).
37. The (洪水,水灾)did a lot of damage to the crop.
38. It also has a nice dish washer and (微波,微波炉)oven.
39. We can’t judge what he did until we know all the (环境,情况).
40. The world is turning to (可更新的,可再生的)energy resources.
Ⅰ.语境填词
1.When I’m tired,I t________ to make mistakes.
2.Don’t throw waste paper at r________ or you will be punished to be on duty again. 3.By the sea I saw a wide r________ of seashells.
4.This company pays more attention to quality than to q________.
5.Most air pollution is caused by the burning of f________ like coal,gas and oil. 6.He gave a g________ at his watch and then looked at the sky.
7.I o_______ your going there alone.
8.We are making slow but s________ progress in our English.
9.Recently we have seen a gradual t ________ towards healthier food.
10.The c______________ was that many people were overweight.。