研究生英语翻译-第二单元
研究生翻译第二章翻译技巧
第二章翻译技巧1.Every life has its roses and thorns.人生总是有苦有乐，甘苦参半。
2.He was a dead shot,however,he met his Waterloo this time.他是一个神枪手，可这一次却遭惨败。
3.After the failure of his last novel,his reputation stands on slippery ground.他上一部小说写砸了，从此就名誉扫地。
4.He carried on his age astonishingly well.他一点都不显老。
5.She’d never again believe anything in trousers.他再也不相信任何男人了。
6.There were straws in the wind.<A straw shows which way the wind blows.>真还有蛛丝马迹可寻。
7.Nixon was pleased by the distinction,but not overwhelmed.尼克松对能受到这种礼遇而非常高兴，但并没有受宠若惊。
8.I’ll have Czech where I want her.我让捷克要乖乖地听我的话。
9.How much did you suffer?Plenty.你一定吃了不少苦啊？一言难尽。
10.Yet China was a land of constant surprise and shifting impression.而中国是一个变化无穷的难以捉摸的国家。
11.We don’t want to have to go to the bank,Mama remind us,No,no,we all shook our heads.我们不能去动存在银行里面的那笔存款，妈妈提醒我们说，对，对，我们都点头同意。
研究生综合英语(2)课文翻译
Unit 1Translation of Text如何应对恭维H·艾伦·史密斯尽管我确信蓄胡子会使我更加气度不凡，走在大街上会使女性发笑，但我从不留胡子，原因是我不敢冒险，因为哪怕蓄一点点胡子也很危险，它会招来别人的恭维。
例如，如果一位女士走到我跟前，说道：“你的胡子最迷人，”我会无所适从，不知怎样回答才好。
我可能会惊慌得脱口而出：“我也喜欢您的胡子。
”在社会交往中，应对恭维比对付辱骂要艰难得多，这话听起来有点矛盾，却有一定的道理。
闲聊时来句恭维话，往往让我们大多数人不知所措。
例如，有人对我们说上一句动听、赞美的话，我们就慌得说不出话来，膝盖开始瑟瑟发抖。
如果别人称赞不是真正属于我自己的东西时，我根本无法欣然接受。
我家住在一个小山上，俯瞰山下一片宽广的谷地。
来访者惊叹道：“天哪！你这儿的景色太美了！”整个山谷原本就在那里，不是我造的，也不属于我。
然而我傻乎乎地笑着说：“噢，没什么——无非是过去留下的一片土地而已。
”我在接受这种特定的恭维时，表示最能完全接受的说法就是“嗯，我们喜欢。
”采用这种答话必须得小心谨慎。
就某样东西说“我们喜欢”，言外之意就是，还有许多其他人都认为它很令人讨厌。
不久前，我和一批人在一起时，其中有位来自澳大利亚的地球物理学家在滔滔不绝地谈论宇宙中的奇观。
“我们生活的这个地球，”他说道，“是个了不起的、生机勃勃的、旋转的行星，是由一些不可思议的奇观组合而成。
”随后便是长时间的停顿。
这时，一位被他的这种极度夸张的恭维话所吸引的妇女，禁不住说道，“嗯，我们喜欢这个地球。
”我认为，对待恭维采取否定和贬低的态度是错误的。
“多漂亮的礼服啊！”你的朋友赞美道。
“噢，这么破的旧衣服！”你回答道。
这种情景，与我上述提出的观点非常相似。
别人赞美你的礼服，你无权为此感到羞愧或恼怒——除非这件礼服恰好是你自己亲手缝制的。
如果你这么说，“我是在麦茜商场的地下室和另一个妇女经过一番争抢才买下来的，”你可能会感觉更好些。
研究生英语1—9单元课文+翻译
Unit 1Ghosts for Tea' Ten pence for a view over the bay' . said the old man with the telescope.'Lovely clear morning. Have a look at the old lighthouse and the remains of the great shipwreck of 1935.'Ten pence was sheer robbery, but the view was certainly magnificent.Cliffs stretched into the distance, sparkling waves whipped by the wind were unrolling on to the beach,and a few yachts,with creamy-white sails, were curving and dodging gracefully on the sea . Just below,a flock of seagulls were screaming at one another as they twisted and glided over the water. A mile out to sea, the old lighthouse stood on a stone platform on the rocks, which were being greedily licked by the waves. In no way indeed did I grudge my money. As I directed the telescope towards the lighthouse, the man beside me tapped my wrist.' Have you heard about the terrible tragedy that occurred there in that lighthouse?' he asked in a hushed whisper.'I imagine there may be plenty of legends attached to such a dramatic-looking place' , I suggested.'It's no legend' , declared the old man. 'My father knew the two men involved.lt all took place fifty years ago to-day. Let me tell you.His voice seemed to grow deeper and more dramatic.'For a whole week that lighthouse had been isolated by storms' , he began, 'with terrifying seas surging and crashing over the rocks. People on shore were anxious about the two men working there. They'd been on the best of terms until two or three weeks before, when they had quarrelled over cards in the village inn. Martin had accused Blake of cheating. Blake had vowed to avenge the insult to his honour. But thanks to the wise advice of a man they both respected, they apologised to each other, and soon seemed to have got over their disagreement. But some slight resentment and bitterness remained. and it was feared that the strain of continued isolation and rough weather might affect their nerves, though, needless to say, their friends had no idea how serious the consequences would be.'Fifty years ago to-night,no light appeared in the tower, and only at two o'clock in the morning did the beam suddenly start to flash out its warning again.'The next morning the light was still visible. The storm had almost blown itself out, so a relief boat set out to investigate. A grim discovery awaited the crew . The men's living-room was in a horrifying state. The table was over-turned: a pack of playing cards was scattered everywhere: bloodstains splashed the floor. The relief men climbed the winding stair to the lantern room and there discoveredMartin's body, crouched beside the burning lamp. He had been stabbed and was dead. Two days later, Blake's body was washed up. scratched, bruised, and terribly injured.' Only then could we really start guessing what had happened. This great tragedy could only have been due to a renewal of their quarrel. Bored and depressed as a result of their isolation, Martin and Blake must have started to play cards. Again suspecting cheating, Martin had accused his former friend of dishonesty; a fight had broken out and Blake had seized his knife. In a fit of madness he had attacked his companion, who had fallen mortally wounded. Then, appalled by what he had done, the loneliness, the battering of wind and waves, Blake had rushed to the parapet and flung himself on to the rocks below, where the sea had claimed him.'But Martin was still alive. Hours later, after darkness had fallen, he had recovered consciousness. He remembered his job of lighting the lamp; suffering intense pain, the poor wretch crawled slowly up the winding staircase, dragging himself from step to step till he got to the lantern. At his last ' gasp he managed to light this before finally collapsing.'For years afterwards it was said that the lighthouse was haunted, and, owing to these stories, they didn't have any applicants for the job of lighthouse-keeper from among the superstitious local inhabitants. And now they say that on every anniversary of that day, especially when the sea is rough, you can stand in the living-room, hear the cards failing and the sound of angry cries, see the flash of a blade,and then glimpse a figure rushing to the parapet. And then you hear the slow dragging of a body from step to step towards the room above.'The old man paused and I turned to go.'By the way' , he added, 'have you any free time this afternoon? If so, why don't you have teain the lighthouse? We are putting on a special boat trip to-day. We're charging a pound. And my brother, who bought the old lighthouse when they built the new one just on the point, can serve very good teas there - included in the price of the boat trip - a bargain, considering the problem of obtaining the food. And if you are at all sensitive to the supernatural, you're likely to have an unusual, perhaps an uncanny experience there.I eyed him appreciatively. 'You're wasting your talents' , I said. 'You should have been a fiction writer. ''You don't believe it? exclaimed the old man indignantly.'I'd find it a job,' I answered. ' My father, Henry Cox, started as keeper of that lighthouse fifty- two years ago, and he and Jim Dowley, now retired on a pension, were in charge for ten years. Come and see my dad one day with that tale; he'd enjoy it' .But the old man had already turned his attention to a more likely client.Google翻译：“10便士比湾景”。
1专业学位硕士研究生英语教程 -翻译答案合计-Unit2-Unit5
Unit 2TranslationPut the following paragraphs into Chinese.When a woman is stressed she instinctively feels a need to talk about her feelings and all the possible problems that are associated with her feelings. When she begins talking she does not prioritize the significance of any problem. If she is upset, then she is upset about it all, (no mater it is) big and small. She is not immediately concerned with finding solutions to her problems but rather seeks relief by expressing herself and being understood. By randomly talking about her problems, she becomes less upset.参考译文：女人有压力时，会直觉地需要找人谈自己的感受以及所有可能与之相关的问题。
她一旦开始谈论，就不会顾虑到问题的优先顺序。
而她一难过，不论大大小小的事都让她沮丧不已。
她并不急于马上寻求解答，而宁可通过倾诉自我，获得理解来取得纾解。
通过随意倾诉自己的问题，她会感觉好受一点。
ExerciseTurn the following sentences into Chinese.1. The improbable (pregnant) pregnancy was (some/ a pieces of) big news for the woman's family.2. In reality, I am a great (admire) admirer of Maya.3. Carlisle Street runs westward, across a great black bridge, down a hill and up again,by little shops and meat-markets, past single-storied homes, until suddenly it stops against a wide green lawn.4. The fact that she was able to send a message was a hint. But I had to be cautious.5. That day he was up before sunrise (sunrise: n./ vi.<-> sunset: n./ vi.).参考译文：1. 她竟然能怀孕，对她的家庭来说可是一条特大消息。
研究生英语综合教程 崔校平 翻译及课后答案 Unit2
Unit 2 Communication And CultureText A 东西方文化差异究竟谁或在什么情况下才算外国人(ex pat 是expatriate的缩写)呢？尽管这个术语通常指住在“外”国的西方人，但它却是来源于拉丁语“expatriat” ,汉语意思是“移居国外”。
要想在异国他乡生活得幸福成功，重要的是要承认并接受‘祖国’与‘外国’在生活中的差异。
提前做调研当然是有益的，但却只有时间和在不同的国家生活、工作（或退休）的经验，才能确保融入新环境并获得几乎‘如家’的感受。
这通常要经过一段时间的适应与调整。
在异国他乡，人们思考问题的方式，对外国生活的反应和处理生活状况的方式等各方面都存在差异，公私差异皆有。
亚洲各国尤其如此，只是有些地区更明显些。
宗教、信仰、哲学和传统，会影响一个国家，甚至其周边地区。
但是，在东南亚居住（本文的重点），对‘外来者’来说，认识到东西方（包括基督徒）思想潜在的文化差异是很重要的，因为所有这些都会影响到亚洲各国的行为、文化、传统以及价值观。
日本和中国皆有其自己的文化，但两国从内到外既有相近之处更有不同之处。
中国传统文化与佛教、儒教皆有差异，而他们其它教义，如印度教、伊斯兰教、犹太教、神道、锡克教和道教等宗教之间也各有差异。
‘祖国’从西方人视角看，在国内—可能是英国或者欧洲、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰、中东甚至是非洲国家，在成长过程中，你已不知不觉地养成了根深蒂固的‘行得通的方式’的理智。
共同的语言使你能与周围的人有效沟通，不管是家人、朋友、同事还是公共场合遇到的陌生人。
你学过祖国的历史，知道人们的生活习惯、好恶，政治、宗教、传统，法律以及及立法体系（包括你自己的公民权）；你了解家庭中可接受的社会行为和包容别人的行为，还有生活中方方面面的规约。
对这些问题的理解影响了你的行为以及你对他人行为的期待。
你还知道哪些是能做或者不应该做的，如此才不会带来后果——不管好坏！如果你被指控犯罪或其它违法行为，你会被赋予（希望如此）专业的辩护权利。
高等学校研究生英语系列教材综合教程(上)熊海虹_B篇课文翻译第二单元
Unit 2 READING MORE"Light, refined, learned and noble, harmonious and orderly, clear and logical, the cookingof France is, in some strange manner, intimately linked to the genius of her greatest men."--Marcel Rouff, French journalist and writerA CUISINE CRISIS1 What could be more French than an outdoor market on a sunny Sunday morning? Theair is filled with vital scents from the herbs and fruits and vegetables piled high in thegreengrocers' creative geometrics. A whiff of the Atlantic blows off the oysters on thefishmongers' bed of ice. Wild game--hare, venison, boar--hangs from the butchers'racks, sausages and cheeses are laid out to savor and smell.有什么比晴朗的星期日早晨的一个户外市场更具法国特色？空气中弥漫着香草和水果散发出的气味，而且这些水果被水果商摆成各种有创意的图形。
鱼贩的冰床上的牡蛎透露着一点点大西洋的痕迹。
在肉贩的货架上挂出了一些野味：野兔、鹿肉和野猪，而一些香肠和奶酪的摆出使这个小摊更具一番风味。
研究生英语课后翻译答案第2单元翻译答案
5. What’s more, caring for my mom made me realize how consummately she had cared for all of us. I’ll never forget when I went to see her in the intensive-care unit, just a few hours after her surgery. She was strung out with a myriad of plastic tubes protruding from her arms, nose, and mouth. “Liz, make sure you eat something,” she said in a strained, raspy voice.
4. Our baby sister, who’d been looking after Mom since Dad’s death, was gripped by fear as the familiar sights and smells were eerily reminiscent of his final days. After consulting with doctors, we learned that stomach surgery was Mom’s only option. We took the first opening.
6. I’ve forgotten what kind of stitching is in my veil. But when I remove it from my face, I’ll be staring at the two people I love beyond all reason: my soon-to-be husband and the woman who showed me What’s really important.
研究生英语1-7单元课文翻译
Unit 1 对F的赞美1今年将有好几万的十八岁青年毕业，他们都将被授予毫无意义的文凭。
这些文凭看上去跟颁发给比他们幸运的同班同学的文凭没什么两样。
只有当雇主发现这些毕业生是半文盲时，文凭的效力才会被质疑。
2最后，少数幸运者会进入教育维修车间——成人识字课程，我教的一门关于基础语法和写作的课程就属于这种性质。
在教育维修车间里，高中毕业生和高中辍学生将学习他们本该在学校就学好的技能，以获得同等学力毕业证书。
他们还将发现他们被我们的教育体系欺骗了。
3在我教课的过程中，我对我们的学校教育深有了解。
在每学期开始的时候，我会让我的学生写一下他们在学校的不快体验。
这种时候学生不会有任何写作障碍！“我希望当时有人能让我停止吸毒，让我学习。
”“我喜欢参加派对，似乎没人在意。
”“我是一个好孩子，不会制造任何麻烦，于是他们就让我考试通过，及时我阅读不好，也不会写作。
”很多诸如此类的抱怨。
4我基本是一个空想社会改良家，在教这门课之前我将孩子们的学习能力差归咎于毒品、离婚和其他妨碍注意力集中的东西，要想学习好就必须集中注意力。
但是，我每一次走进教室都会再度发现，一个老师在期望学生全神贯注之前，他必须先吸引学生的注意力，无论附近有什么分散注意力的东西。
要做到这点，有很多种办法，它们与教学风格有很大的关系。
然而，单靠风格无法起效，有另一个办法可以显示谁是在教室里掌握胜局的人。
这个办法就是亮出失败的王牌。
5我永远也忘不了一位老师亮出那张王牌以吸引我的一个孩子的注意。
我的小儿子是个世界级的万人迷，学习不怎么动脑筋却总能蒙混过关。
直到施蒂夫特夫人当了他的老师，这种局面才彻底改变了。
6当她教我儿子英语时，我儿子是一个高中高年级学生。
“他坐在后排和他的朋友说话。
”她告诉我。
“你为什么不把他换到前排来？”我恳求道。
我相信令他难堪的做法会让他安心学习。
施蒂夫特夫人从眼睛上方冷冷地看着我。
“我不会换高年级学生的座位。
”她说，“我会给他们不及格的成绩。
研究生英语综合教程下册1-10单元课文翻译
研究生英语综合教程(下)系列教材翻译参考译文全章节Unit 1A愉悦舒适不能指引你领略人生的全部，与逆境的艰苦搏斗常常会使人生变得丰富而有意义。
幸福隐藏的另一面凯思琳•麦克高恩1咫风、房屋失火、癌症、激流漂筏失事、坠机、昏暗小巷遭歹徒袭击，没人想找上这些事儿。
但出人意料的是，很多人发现遭受这样一次痛苦的磨难最终会使他们向好的方面转变。
他们可能都会这样说:“我希望这事没发生，但因为它我变得更完美了。
(此文来自袁勇兵博客)”2我们都爱听人们经历苦难后发生转变的故事，可能是因为这些故事证实了一条真正的心理学_L的真理，这条真理有时会湮没在无数关于灾难的报道中:在最困难的境况中，人所具有的一种内在的奋发向上的能力会进发出来。
对那些令人极度恐慌的经历作出积极回应的并不仅限于最坚强或最勇敢的人。
实际上，大约半数与逆境抗争过的人都3诸如此类有关危机改变一生的发现有着可观的研究前景，这正是创伤后成长这一新学科的研究领域。
这一新兴领域已经证实了曾经被视为陈词滥调的一个真理:大难不死，意志弥坚。
创伤后压力绝不是唯一可能的结果。
在遭遇了即使最可怕的经历之后，也只有一小部分成年人会受到长期的心理折磨。
更常见的情况是，人们会恢复过来—甚至最终会成功发达.4那些经受住苦难打击的人是有关幸福悖论的生动例证:为了尽可能地过上最好的生活，我们所需要的不仅仅是愉悦的感受。
我们这个时代的人对幸福的追求已经缩小到只追求福气:一生没有烦恼，没有痛苦和困惑。
5这种对幸福的平淡定义忽略了问题的主要方面—种富有意义的生活所带来的那种丰富、完整的愉悦。
那就是幸福背后隐藏的那种本质—是我们在明智的男男女女身上所欣赏到并渴望在我们自己生活中培育的那种不可言喻的品质。
事实证明，一些遭受苦难最多的人-他们被迫全力应付他们未曾预料到的打击，并重新思考他们生活的意义—或许对那种深刻的、给人以强烈满足感的人生经历(哲学家们过去称之为对“美好生活”的探寻)最有发言权。
研究生英语综合教程第二单元——READING FOCUS第一页
READING FOCUSOSLOI remember on my first trip to Europe going alone to a movie in Copenhagen. In Denmark you are given a ticket for an assigned seat. I went into the cinema and discovered that my ticket directed me to sit beside the only other people in the place, a young couple locked in the sort of passionate embrace associated with dockside reunions at the end of long wars. I could no more have sat beside them than I could have asked to join in—it would have come to much the same thing—so I took a place a few discreet seats away.注释：Passionate: adj. 热情的；热烈的，激昂的；易怒的Dockside: n. 坞边，码头Discreet: adj. 谨慎的，小心的People came into the cinema, consulted their tickets and filled the seats around us. By the time the film started there were about 30 of us sitting together in a tight pack in the middle of a vast and otherwise empty auditorium. Two minutes into the movie, a woman laden with shopping made her way with difficulty down my row, stopped beside my seat and told me in a stern voice, full of glottal stops and indignation, that I was in her place. This caused much play of flashlights among the usherettes and fretful re-examining of tickets by everyone in the vicinity until word got around that I was an American tourist and therefore unable to follow simple seating instructions and I was escorted in some shame back to my assigned place.注释：Consult: v. 咨询；商量；参照；协商Otherwise: adv. 另外；在其他方面；否则Auditorium: n. 观众席；礼堂，会堂Laden: adj. 负载的；装满的；苦恼的Stern: adj. 严厉的；坚定的Glottal: n. 喉音Indignation: n. 愤慨，愤怒，义愤Flashlight: n. 手电筒；闪光灯Usherette: n. 女服务员，女引座员Fretful: adj. 烦躁的，焦躁的；起波纹的Examine: n. 检查；调查；考试Vicinity: n. 邻近，附近；近处Get around: 传开来Instruction: n. 指令，命令；指示；教导；用法说明Escort: v. & n. 陪同；护送；护航。
工程硕士研究生英语基础教程Unit_2_Future_of_Net_Economy翻译
Future of Net Economy[1] As we have entered the new century, human society is beginning its move from the industrial economy into the knowledge-based economy. In more specific terms, the application of information to the economy is best exemplified in the networking of communication, or the so-called Net economy. This Net refers to the computer network of satellites, optic fibers, cables and telephone lines that connect the whole world. With the click of a mouse, information from the other end of the globe will be transported to your computer screen at the dizzying speed of seven-and-a-half times around the earth per second. Generally, there are two aspects of the Net. One is the networking between businesses and their customers. The other is the networking between individual businesses, or the regional and even global networking between industrial production and scientific research. Internet shopping belongs to the first aspect.[1]当我们步入新世纪的时候，人类社会正开始由工业经济向知识型经济转变。
研究生英语课Unit2翻译
1，Chinese cuisine is a brilliant facet of Chinese culture,中国美食是中国文化一道绚烂的风景线，which is proven by the fact that Chinese restaurants are found scattered everywhere throughout the world.这点从世界各地随处可见的中餐馆可以窥见。
Today, the culinary industry is developing even more rapidly than before.当今，烹饪业正以前所未有的速度在发展。
A decade ago, Beijing had a few thousand restaurants,10年前，北京只有几千家餐馆，while today there are over 100,000 restaurants of different sizes in the city.而今天却有10万多家大小不等的餐馆遍布市内。
2，Regional Chinese Cuisines地方美食It is widely acknowledged that from the Ming（1368 - 1644）dynasties onwards, there are eight major schools of cuisine based on regional cooking.众所周知，明朝以来出现了八大菜系，They came from Shangdong, Sichuan, Guangdong, Fujian, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hunan, and Anhui provinces.分别是山东菜、四川菜、广东菜、福建菜、江苏菜、浙江菜、湖南菜和安徽菜。
In addition to these traditional cuisines, the culinary industry in China has undergone great changes,除了这些传统菜系，中国的烹饪业也经历了巨大的变化：as almost every place has it own local specialties,每个地方都形成了自己的特色菜，and as the differrent cuisines gather together in big cities, such as Beijing.不同菜系汇集于诸如北京这样的大城市。
新编研究生英语教材 Unit 2课文翻译及课后习题答案
新编研究生英语教材 Unit 2课文翻译及课后习题答案Unit 2 LanguageText A Learn by TouchII. Word Study1) hearth2) repent3) tussle4) in the light of5) intercourse6) verbatim7) take the initiative8) gamut9) augmentation10) tactfulIII. Cloze1. B.2. A.3. A.4. C.5. D.6. B.7. A.8. C.9. C.10. D.11. C.12. A.13. D.14. C.15. A.16. C.17. D.18. C.19. A.20. B.IV. Translation1. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.博物馆和艺术品商店也是带给我快乐和灵感的源泉。
毫无疑问，很多人都觉得奇怪，不凭借视觉，手就能感觉到冰冷的大理石雕像的动作、情感和美；但我的确从触摸伟大的艺术作品中获得了真正的愉悦。
当我的指尖追寻那些起伏的线条时，它们自会发现艺术家所描绘的思想和情感。
我能从雕像的脸上感受到众神和英雄们的憎恨、勇气和爱，正如我能从允许我触摸的活人的脸上察觉出这些感情一样。
我从戴安娜的姿态中触摸到了森林的优雅与自由，还有那驯服山狮与慑服暴戾的气质。
维纳斯的静谧和优雅使我感受到了灵魂的喜悦；而巴雷的铜像则使我仿佛窥见了丛林的秘密。
2. Translate the following paragraphs into English.English is attached great importance in China where English training market is in full swing with so many training centers appearing. Many Chinese, old and young, have made learning English an important part of their daily life. Even preschoolers can remember hundreds of English words. However, behind this globalization is people’s deep concern for Chinese traditional culture.Fortunately, recent years have witnessed a surge of “back-to-the-ancients schools”. It’s said that “knowledge makes a gentleman’. The study of Chinese traditional culture and the reading of Chinese classics exposes students to a wide range of information and makes them well rounded. However, some people are still on the fence, and are ambivalent towards “back-to-the-ancients schools” because they consider this ancient wisdom to be out of tune with the times. In contrast, the Confucius Institute --- that promotes Chinese language and culture, supports local Chinese teaching internationally, and facilitates culture exchange --- has been popular worldwide. By the end of 2012, 400 Confucius Institutes and 535 Confucius Classrooms had been established in 108 countries and regions.课文翻译倚触而学海伦·凯勒1 我生命中最重要的日子是我的老师安妮·曼斯菲尔德·莎莉文到来的那一天。
研究生医学英语Unit 2翻译
3 Unit 2Definition and Classification of Pneumonia 肺炎的定义和分类When the word pneumonia is used in medical practice, it almost always refers to a syndrome caused by acute infection, usually bacterial, that is characterized by clinical and/or radiographic /ˌreɪdɪəʊˈgræfɪk/放射影像学signs of consolidation/kənˌsɒlɪˈdeɪʃ(ə)n/ 实质、实变of a part or parts of one or both lungs. The use of the term has however been greatly extended to include non-bacterial infection of the lungs caused by a wide variety of microorganisms. Pneumonitis /ˌnjuːməʊˈnaɪtɪs/ is occasionally used as a synonym /ˈsɪnənɪm/同义词for pneumonia, particularly when inflammation炎症/ˌɪnfləˈmeɪʃ(ə)n/ of the lung has resulted from a non-infectious cause such as in chemical or radiation injury.当肺炎这个词在医疗实践中使用时，它几乎总是指由急性感染引起的综合征，通常是细菌感染，临床上和/或放射学上的以肺部分或单肺弥漫性或双肺弥漫性实变为特征。
unit2研究生多维英语课文对照翻译
1 America is in the midst of one of the greatest wealth transfers in the history of mankind.Over the next 20 years,an estimated $15 trillion in assets will be transferred from one generation to the next.美国正处在人类历史上最大的一个财富交接的过程中。
在今后20年里，估计有150亿美元的资产将会转移到下一代的手中。
2 Much of this wealth transfer will be in the form of family-owned businesses.But the viability of many these transfers is questionable.The fact is most will fail.Typically, only one out of three businesses is successfully transferred to the second generation.Survival of a family business into the third generation is a rare occurrence.大多数的财富交接会以家庭企业的方式进行。
但是很多情况下，财富交接的成功与否令人怀疑。
事实上，大多数的交接工作将会失败。
一般来说，只有1/3的企业才能成功地移交到下一代手中。
一个家庭企业能生存到第三代是寥寥无几的。
3 Thousands of family businesses,some of the household names,will disappear over the next decade.The sad part is that many of them could survive with proper planning.For many,however,it may already be too late. The proper time to start planning the succession of a family business is not one,but three, not even five years ahead.Indeed,a comprehensive succession plan,which includes sophisticated estate planning strategies,generally requires at least a 10-year horizon to be properly structured.在下一个十年里，数以千计的家庭企业，其中有些是家喻户晓的企业将会消失。
研究生英语精读教程课文原文+翻译+短文unit2
Cancer & Chemicals-Are We Going Too Far?Marla ConeLast year, California governor George Deukmejian called together many of the state's best scientific minds to begin implementing Proposition 65, the state's Safe Drinking Water and Toxic Enforcement Act. This new law bans industries from discharging chemical suspected of causing cancer (carcinogens) or birth defects into water supplies. Some claim it will also require warning labels on everything that might cause cancer.去年，加利福尼亚州州长乔治·德米加召集本州许多优秀的科学家开会，开始执行第65号提案，即州安全饮用水和毒品实施法案。
这一新法令禁止各工业部门向水源中排放被怀疑致癌和引起先天缺陷的化学物质。
有些人宣称，新法律还要求在一切可能致癌的物品上贴上警告标签。
A day of esotericscience and incomprehensible jargonwas predicted. But Bruce Ames, chairman of the department of biochemistry at the University of Californiaat Berkeley, had plans to liven the proceedings.原来预计，开会那天将全是些玄妙的科学和难懂的术语，但加州大学伯克利分校生物化学系系主任布鲁斯·爱姆兹却打算使会议开得更有生气。
研究生英语 unit2 翻译
Text NotesUnit 2 Art of the TableReading FocusCulinary Delights in ChinaPara. 11. scatter vt. & vi.1) cause to separate widely / separate and go in variousdirections: disperse 使散开∕驱散；散开∕四散2) sow by casting in all directions: strew 撒，撒播The wind scattered the pile of leaves.风把那堆树叶吹散了。
The marbles scattered across the floor.那些玻璃球在地上滚散开来。
She scattered the books on the table.她把那些书摊开在桌子上。
Scatter the grass seed over the lawn.把草籽撒到草坪上。
2. …, while today there are …while conj. whereas (used to contrast two things) …而，…然而The south of the country continues to grow richer, while the north grows poorer. 这个国家的南部越来越富，而北部却越来越穷。
Para. 23. undergone: gone throughundergo vt. experience (a change, sth unpleasant, ect.) 经历，经受（变化、不快的事等）undergo sugery / a trial / a test4.…, as almost …, and as the different …“as”here is used as a conjunction to introduce an adverbial cause of time, means “along with the process of / while”.as conj. while sth else is happening; while 当…时；随着He sat watching her as she got ready.他一直坐着看着她准备停当。
(完整word版)武汉大学研究生英语教材全文翻译of_unit_2_3_4_5_7
Final Version of TranslationUnit two1．为什么我们与来自其它文化的人们的交流总是充满了误会、让人感到沮丧呢？令很多人奇怪的是，即使怀着良好的愿望、使用自己认为是友好的方式，甚至有互利的可能性，也似乎都不足以保证交流的成功。
有时候，出现排斥现象正是因为一方所属的文化群体团体是“不同”的。
在这个国际舞台发生重大变化的时刻，探讨为什么尝试交流的结果却令人失望的原因是必要的，这些原因实际上是跨文化交流中的绊脚石。
2．相似性的假设为什么误解或反对会产生呢？这个问题的一个回答就是，大部分的人天真地认为世界上的人有足够的相似之处，可以让我们成功地交流信息或感受，解决共同关注的一些问题，加强商业关系，或者只是产生我们所希望产生的印象。
所有的人都会生儿育女，组成家庭或社会，发展一种语言以及适应他们周围环境的这种倾向特别具有欺骗性，因为它带来了一种期望，这种期望就是这些行为的形式以及围绕这些行动的态度与价值观念将是相似的。
相信“人就是人”和“我们内在本质是相似的，”这让人感到心安理得，但是下定决心去寻找证据却只会令人失望。
3．力求证明达尔文关于面部表情是共同的这一理论的跨文化研究给人极大的希望，研究者发现脸部的某些看得见的形状，即因愤怒、恐惧、惊讶、悲伤、厌恶、幸福而紧缩的肌肉组合,我们人类各成员都是一样的。
但是这似乎无济于事，只要我们意识到一个人生长的文化决定了这种情感是否会表露或压抑,决定了在何种场合和多大的程度上会表露或压抑。
带来这种情绪感受的情形也因文化而异，例如：由于崇拜的文化信仰不同，一个心爱的人死亡可能带来欢乐、悲哀或其他情感。
4．因为似乎没有普遍的人性可以作为自动理解的基础，所以我们必须把每交往当作个别案例来处理，寻求任何共同的认知和交流方法并以此作为出发点。
如果我们认识到我们受文化的约束，受文化的改变，那么我们就会受这一现实：因为各自不同，我们确实不太清楚其他人“是”什么样的。
研究生英语课文翻译Unit2
Individuals and massesA man or woman makes direct contact with society in two ways:as a member of some familial,professional or religious group ,or as a member of a crowd.groups are capable of being as moral and intelligent as the individuals who form them;a crowd is chaotic ,has no purpose of its own and is capable of anything except intelligent action and realistic thinking.Assembled in a crowd, people lose their powers of reasoning and their capacity for moral choice.Their suggestibility is increased to the point where they cease to have any judgement or will of their own.they become very excitable, they lose all sense of individual or collective responsibility,they are subject to sudden excesses of rage ,enthusiasm and panic.in a word,a man in a crowd behaves as though he had swallowed a large dose of some powerful intoxicant .He is a victim of what I ave called ‘herd-poisoning’.Like alcohol,herd-poison is an active,extravagant drug.The crowd-intoxicated individual escapes from responsibility,intelligence and morality into a kind of frantic,animal mindlesssness.一个人通过两种渠道和社会进行直接接触：一种是作为家庭的、职业的或者宗教的组织中的一员，一种仅仅是作为一群人中的一个。
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Section B
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syndicated [ˈsɪndɪkɪt] n.辛迪加，企业联合组织，财团; vt.& vi.（使）联合组成辛迪加; vt.（通过报业联合组织）出售（稿件） 辛迪加（法文：le syndicat，原指企业中的工会。）是垄断组织形式之一。 turns one‘s attention to 把某人的注意力转向……
Section A
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原文：白天的电视节目已经充斥着闲聊的谈话类节目。 主干：主+谓+宾 “电视节目充斥着谈话类节目” （television programmes had been full of talk show） 时态：“已经”表示完成态，这里用过去完成时（had done） 修饰词：“白天的”替换成状语语义不变（in the daytime） 译文：In“闲聊的”（ the daytime, television programmes had been confabulatory） full of confabulatory talk shows.
Section A
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原文：温弗瑞和她的竞争者们都竞相向那些喜欢家长里短和丑 闻的观众提供能够吸引他们的话题。
主干：主+谓+宾 “温弗瑞和她的竞争者们竞相向...提供...话题” （Winfrey and competitors competed to offer topics to...） 定语：“那些喜欢家长里短和丑闻的观众” 译文：Winfrey and competitors competed to offer （the audiences who audiences like gossip and liked scandal ） and attractive topics to the who gossip “能够吸引他们的”修饰“话题” scandal. →→有吸引力的（attractive）
cable-television 有限电视 launch [lɔntʃ, lɑntʃ] vt.发射; 发动; [计算机]开始（应用程序）; 开展（活动、计划等）; vi.投入; 着手进行; 热衷于…; n.投掷; 大船上的小艇; 大型敞篷摩托艇; Discovery Communications Inc. 探索通信公司
1Oprah
Section B
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原文：Oprah Winfrey plans to end her syndicated television show in September 2011 as she turns her attention to a new cable-television channel she plans to launch with Discovery Communications Inc.
Section A
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原文：温弗瑞经常想，她是不是应该退出电视节目，而把精力 转向表演和制作？ 主干：主+谓+宾语从句 “温弗瑞经常想......” （Winfrey often thought about that...） 宾从：主要结构“她是不是应该......?” （If she should...? ） 译文： Winfrey often thought about that if she should “退出电视节目” retire from the TV programs or switch to concentrating on （retire from the TV acting and producing ？ programs） “而把精力转向表演和制作” （or switch to concentrating on acting and producing）
Section A
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原文：尽管在同类脱口秀中，温弗瑞还是保持在首位，但这类 脱口秀已经变得越来越低级趣味，没有价值。 主干： “尽管...但...”表示转折（even though） 补充部分： “在同类脱口秀中”（in the same talk shows） 译文： Even though in the same talk shows Winfrey “温弗瑞还是保持在首位” remained the first placethe ，these talk shows （Winfrey remained first place ） had turned increasingly vulgar and trashy. “但这类脱口秀已经变得越来越低级趣味，没有价值” （these talk shows had turned increasingly vulgar and trashy）
主干
原文：Oprah Winfrey plans to end her syndicated television show in September 2011 as） （ （she turns her attention to a new cable-television channel she plans to launch with Discovery Communications Inc. ）
1
Section A
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原文：1994年，随着40岁生日的即将来临，温弗瑞发现自己正 处于个人生活和职业生涯的十字路口。 主干：主+谓+宾结构 “温弗瑞发现自己正处于个人生活和职业生涯的十字路口” （Winfrey find that...） 状语：“1994”（in 1994）——由此可知，本段落为过去时态 译文：“随着 In 1994, her fortieth birthday fast approaching, 40with 岁生日的即将来临” Winfrey found she was standing at both personal （with herthat fortieth birthday fast-approaching ） and professional crossroads. 宾语从句：“自己正处于个人生活和职业生涯的十字路口” （she was standing at both personal and professional crossroads）
原状语
做channel定语从 句，省略关系代词
时间状语
译文：奥普拉·温弗瑞计划在2011年9月结束自己通过 全美电视辛迪加播出的奥普拉脱口秀节目，因为她将 工作重心转向计划与探索通信公司联手推出的新有线 电视视频道。
Section B
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原文：Ms. Winfrey is likely to turn her attention to her new television network, OWN: The Oprah Winfrey Network, which she announced with Discovery Communications in January 2008.
Section B
Winfrey plans to end her syndicated television show in September 2011 as she turns her attention to a new cable-television channel she plans to launch with 2 Discovery Communications Inc. Ms. Winfrey is likely to turn her attention to her new television network, OWN: The Oprah Winfrey Network, which she announced with Discovery Communications in January 2008. The new 3 as a 50-50 joint venture between Ms. channel is structured Winfrey and the cable programmer ,and includes Oprah .com.
Section A
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原文：然而，温弗瑞并没有这么做。 分析： “然而”（However） “温弗瑞并没有这么做” （Winfrey didn't do that） 译文：However,Winfrey didn't do that.
Section A
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原文：相反的，她承诺要把节目转到那些积极向上、有意义的 话题上去。 主干：主+谓+宾 “她承诺......” （she promise to do sth.） 宾从：“要把节目转到那些积极向上、有意义的话题上去” （refocus her show， on uplifting, 译文： On the contrary she promised meaningful to refocus her subjects. ） show on uplifting, meaningful subjects. 补充：“相反的” （ on the contrary）
Section A
In 1994, with her fortieth birthday fast approaching, Winfrey found that she was standing at both personal and professional crossroads.In the daytime, television programmes had been full of confabulatory talk shows.Winfrey and competitors competed to offer attractive topics to the audiences who liked gossip and scandal.Even though in the same talk shows Winfrey remained the first place，these talk shows had turned increasingly vulgar and trashy. Winfrey often thought about that if she should retire from the TV programs or switch to concentrating on acting and producing？However,Winfrey didn't do that.On the contrary，she promised to refocus her show on uplifting, meaningful subjects.