GMAT考试阅读试题(四)(2)
gmat试题中文及答案
gmat试题中文及答案GMAT试题中文及答案一、数学题1. 如果一个数的平方等于该数本身，那么这个数可能是多少？A. 0B. 1C. -1D. A和B答案：D2. 一个圆的半径是5，它的面积是多少？A. 25πB. 50πC. 75πD. 100π答案：B二、逻辑题1. 所有的猫都怕水，如果一只动物怕水，那么它不是猫。
以下哪项如果为真，最能支持上述论断？A. 有些猫不怕水。
B. 有些动物怕水但不是猫。
C. 所有怕水的动物都是猫。
D. 有些动物不怕水并且是猫。
答案：B2. 如果一个公司想要提高其市场份额，它应该降低其产品的价格。
以下哪项如果为真，最能削弱上述观点？A. 降价可能会损害公司的品牌形象。
B. 消费者通常认为价格高的产品质量更好。
C. 竞争对手也降低了他们的产品价格。
D. 公司的产品在市场上已经是最低价。
答案：B三、阅读理解题阅读以下短文，然后回答问题。
在20世纪初，汽车工业开始迅速发展。
随着汽车数量的增加，对道路的需求也随之增长。
然而，当时的许多道路都是土路，容易受到天气的影响。
为了解决这个问题，工程师们开始设计和建造更耐用的道路。
这些道路使用混凝土和沥青等材料，能够承受更重的交通负荷。
问题：1. 20世纪初，汽车工业的发展导致了什么？A. 道路数量的减少B. 对耐用道路的需求增长C. 汽车价格的上升D. 工程师数量的增加答案：B2. 工程师们如何解决土路容易受到天气影响的问题？A. 减少汽车的使用B. 建造更耐用的道路C. 增加土路的数量D. 限制天气变化答案：B四、语法题1. 尽管他很年轻，但他已经是一位经验丰富的工程师。
A. 尽管他很年轻，但他已经是一位经验丰富的工程师。
B. 尽管他很年轻，但他是一位经验丰富的工程师。
C. 虽然他很年轻，但他已经是一位经验丰富的工程师。
D. 虽然他很年轻，但他是一位经验丰富的工程师。
答案：A2. 这家公司不仅提供了高质量的产品，而且它的服务也非常出色。
gmat critical reasoning
gmat critical reasoning摘要：1.GMAT 简介2.GMAT Critical Reasoning 的定义和作用3.GMAT Critical Reasoning 的题型和解题技巧4.如何提高GMAT Critical Reasoning 成绩正文：GMAT（Graduate Management Admission Test）是全球范围内知名的一项商学院入学考试，旨在评估考生的逻辑思维、分析和表达能力。
对于想要申请MBA、金融硕士等商科专业的学生来说，GMAT 成绩具有举足轻重的地位。
在GMAT 考试中，Critical Reasoning（逻辑推理）是一个重要的部分，它要求考生在有限的时间内，根据给定的信息进行分析、推理和判断。
GMAT Critical Reasoning 主要测试考生对逻辑链的理解和分析能力，以及对论证的评估和批判能力。
在考试中，题型多样，包括：削弱型题目、加强型题目、解释型题目、评价型题目等。
对于每种题型，考生需要熟练掌握一定的解题技巧，以便快速找到正确答案。
针对削弱型题目，考生需要找到一个选项，它能够削弱原文的论证。
削弱的方式有很多，比如指出论证的假设不成立、证明论证的方法有误等。
在解答这类题目时，考生需要仔细分析原文，找到其核心观点和论据，然后再分析选项，看哪个选项最能削弱原文的论证。
对于加强型题目，考生需要找到一个选项，它能够加强原文的论证。
这类题目的解题技巧与削弱型题目类似，只不过方向相反。
考生需要找到一个选项，能够进一步支持原文的观点，或者提供更多的论据来证明原文的观点。
解释型题目要求考生根据给定的信息，解释现象或者论证的原因。
这类题目的解题技巧在于能够快速找到给定信息之间的联系，并根据这些联系进行合理的解释。
评价型题目要求考生对给定的论证进行评价，判断其是否有效。
这类题目的解题技巧在于能够找到论证的漏洞，或者是否存在一些未考虑的因素，从而对论证进行全面的评价。
gmat考试有几篇阅读
gmat考试有几篇阅读要想考出理想的GMAT阅读成绩，考生一定要对GMAT阅读的基础有所了解。
那么下面和我来看看这篇gmat考试有几篇阅读的文章，一定会有收获的。
一、GMAT阅读的数量GMAT考试共有4篇阅读文章，穿插在语法和逻辑之间，篇幅和难度不等，共16题，主要考查主旨、细节信息、推理和结构。
GMAT语文部分由阅读、语法和逻辑三个部分组成，共41道题，GMAT考试时间为75分钟。
所以，阅读部分的答题时间还是比较紧迫的，考生一定要把握好做题时间。
从字数上看，GMAT阅读主要分为长阅读和短阅读。
长阅读通常有300-350字，短阅读通常有200-250字。
但无论是长阅读还是短阅读，其题目类型都是固定的。
一般 GMAT阅读的题目分为七类：主旨大意题、细节信息题、推理推断题、类比应用题、逻辑结构题、评价题和风格语调题。
了解并熟悉这七类题型，在选择答案时就可以做到心里有数。
二、GMAT阅读教学考查要点1.处理陌生信息的能力GMAT阅读部分主要考查考生在紧张环境下处理陌生文章、获取相关信息的能力，并不关怀考生是否能接受和记住这些信息。
所以GMAT阅读常常会有意使用一些非常广泛的主题，这样，任何人都会不可避免地碰到大量非本专业的文章。
在这个时候，你的信息处理能力将会成为GMAT阅读成绩凹凸的关键。
2.文字理解能力虽然GMAT并不像〔托福〕考试那样以词义为中心来展开题目，但很多题目都是以文章中描述的细节为基础的。
有些会要求考生选择对文章内容的同义复述，有些会要求考生选择简明扼要的语句来准确概括文章的含义，有些甚至会要求考生找出对文字含义的合理延伸。
所以GMAT阅读的字面意思理解是整个阅读过程中最基本的能力。
3.把握中心和文章结构在GMAT考试中，每一篇文章都是一个有机整体。
在一篇文章中，每一句话和一段话都是围绕一个中心或观点展开的。
有时候考生可以很清楚地找到文章的中心，但更多的时候，就必须要考生依据整篇文章的文字和结构来推断。
2024 gmat考纲
2024 gmat考纲在探讨2024年的GMAT考试大纲之前，首先需要了解GMAT考试的目标和设计理念。
GMAT（Graduate Management Admission Test）是一种标准化的管理学科入学考试，主要用于评估考生在数学、阅读、逻辑和书面表达等方面的能力。
该考试被全球众多顶级商学院用作评估申请者入学资格的重要标准。
在接下来的2024年GMAT考试大纲中，以下方面的主要变化值得关注：一、考试结构：GMAT考试将继续保持其现行结构的稳定性。
整个考试分为语文（批判性推理）和数学两个部分，总时长3小时。
每一部分包含多个多项选择题，旨在测试考生的各项关键技能。
二、考试内容：1. 数学部分：预计将涵盖更广泛的数学话题，包括数据充分性分析、概率和统计、几何和代数等。
题目类型也将保持不变，包括基础代数问题、几何问题、数据充分性问题以及概率问题。
2. 语文部分：语文部分将继续测试批判性阅读、逻辑推理和语法。
预计将出现更多复杂句子和篇章的理解问题，以及更深入的逻辑推理题目。
此外，语法部分可能会增加一些新的题型，以保持题目的新颖性和挑战性。
三、考试形式：在2024年的考试中，GMAT将继续采用机考形式，确保考生在答题时能够充分利用计算机化的测试环境。
这将为考生提供更流畅的考试体验，并减少由于纸质材料使用所带来的潜在错误。
四、写作部分：预计GMAT将保留写作部分，要求考生在规定时间内对某个商业主题进行简短的分析和评论。
这将有助于评估考生的批判性思考和书面表达能力。
至于其他细节，如具体的考试时间表、评分标准、考试地点等，需要参考官方发布的最新考纲。
这些信息通常可以在GMAC（GMAT开发团队）的官方网站上找到。
总结起来，2024年的GMAT考纲将注重评估考生的数学能力、阅读理解能力、逻辑推理能力和书面表达能力。
考试结构、内容和形式都将保持稳定，以便为考生提供清晰和一致的考试体验。
为了成功备考GMAT，考生需要全面了解并适应这些变化，制定有针对性的复习计划，以提高自己的GMAT成绩。
GMAT阅读理解练习题一篇(附答案)
GMAT阅读理解练习题一篇(附答案)大家在备考gmat阅读考试的时候，需要准备的复习材料很多，对于计划参加gmat 考试的人来说，要想在gmat阅读考试中获取好的成绩，做适量的练习是必须的，下面就通过解答下面的gmat阅读练习材料来总结一些解题方法吧。
Recent years have brought minority-owned businesses in the United States unprecedented opportunities—as well as new and significant risks. Civil rights activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why Blacks, Hispanics, and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies. Now Congress, in apparent agreement, has required by law that businesses awarded federal contracts of more than $500,000 do their best to find minority subcontractors and record their efforts to do so on forms filed with the government. Indeed, some federal and local agencies have gone so far as to set specific percentage goals for apportioning parts of public works contracts to minority enterprises.Corporate response appears to have been substantial. According to figures collected in 1977, the total of corporate contracts with minority businesses rose from $77 million in 1972 to $1.1 billion in 1977. The projected total of corporate contracts with minority businesses for the early 1980’s is estimated to be over 53 billion per year with no letup anticipated in the next decade. Promising as it is for minority businesses, this increased patronage poses dangers for them, too. First, minority firms risk expanding too fast and overextending themselves financially, since most are small concerns and, unlike large businesses, they often need to make substantial investments in new plants, staff, equipment, and the like in order to perform work subcontracted to them. If, thereafter, their subcontracts are for some reason reduced, such firms can face potentially crippling fixed expenses. The world of corporate purchasing can be frustrating for small entrepreneurs who get requests for elaborate formal estimates and bids. Both consume valuable time and resources, and a small company’s efforts must soon result in orders, or both the morale and the financial health of the business will suffer.A second risk is that White-owned companies may seek to cash in on the increasing apportionments through formation of joint ventures with minority-owned concerns. Of course, in many instances there are legitimate reasons for joint ventures; clearly, White and minority enterprises can team up (team up: v.(使)结成一队, 合作, 协作) to acquire business that neither could acquire alone. But civil rights groups and minority business owners have complained to Congress about minoritiesbeing set up as “fronts (a person, group, or thing use d to mask the identity or true character or activity of the actual controlling agent)” with White backing, rather than being accepted as full partners in legitimate joint ventures.Third, a minority enterprise that secures the business of one large corporate customer often runs the danger of becoming—and remaining—dependent. Even in the best of circumstances, fierce competition from larger, more established companies makes it difficult for small concerns to broaden their customer bases: when such firms have nearly guaranteed orders from a single corporate benefactor, they may truly have to struggle against complacency arising from their current success.1. The primary purpose of the passage is to(A) present a commonplace idea and its inaccuracies(B) describe a situation and its potential drawbacks(C) propose a temporary solution to a problem(D) analyze a frequent source of disagreement(E) explore the implications of a finding2. The passage supplies information that would answer which of the following questions?(A) What federal agencies have set percentage goals for the use of minority-owned businesses in public works contracts?(B) To which government agencies must businesses awarded federal contracts report their efforts to find minority subcontractors?(C) How widespread is the use of minority-owned concerns as “fronts” by White backers seeking to obtain subcontracts?(D) How many more minority-owned businesses were there in 1977 than in 1972?(E) What is one set of conditions under which a small business might find itself financially overextended?3. According to the passage, civil rights activists maintain that one disadvantage under which minority-owned businesses have traditionallyhad to labor (to suffer fro m some disadvantage or distress “labor under a delusion”) is that they have(A) been especially vulnerable to governmental mismanagement of the economy(B) been denied bank loans at rates comparable to those afforded larger competitors(C) not had sufficient opportunity to secure business created by large corporations(D) not been able to advertise in those media that reach large numbers of potential customers(E) not had adequate representation in the centers of government power4. The passage suggests that the failure of a large business to have its bids for subcontracts result quickly in orders might cause it to(A) experience frustration but not serious financial harm(B) face potentially crippling fixed expenses(C) have to record its efforts on forms filed with the government(D) increase its spending with minority subcontractors(E) revise its procedure for making bids for federal contracts and subcontracts5. The author implies that a minority-owned concern that does the greater part of its business with one large corporate customer should(A) avoid competition with larger, more established concerns by not expanding(B) concentrate on securing even more business from that corporation(C) try to expand its customer base to avoid becoming dependent on the corporation(D) pass on some of the work to be done for the corporation to other minority-owned concerns(E) use its influence with the corporation to promote subcontracting with other minority concerns6. It can be inferred from the passage that, compared with the requirements of law, the percentage goals set by “some federal and local agencies” (lines 14-15) are(A) more popular with large corporations(B) more specific(C) less controversial(D) less expensive to enforce(E) easier to comply with7. Which of the following, if true, would most weaken the author’s assertion that, in the 1970’s, corporate response to federal requirements (lines 18-19) was substantial(A) Corporate contracts with minority-owned businesses totaled $2 billion in 1979.(B) Between 1970 and 1972, corporate contracts with minority-owned businesses declined by 25 percent.(C) The figures collected in 1977 underrepresented the extent of corporate contracts with minority-owned businesses.(D) The estimate of corporate spending with minority-owned businesses in 1980 is approximately $10 million too high.(E) The $1.1 billion represented the same percentage of total corporate spending in 1977 as did $77 million in 1972.8. The author would most likely agree with which of the following statements about corporate response to working with minority subcontractors?(A) Annoyed by the proliferation of “front” organizations, corporations are likely to reduce their efforts to work withminority-owned subcontractors in the near future.(B) Although corporations showed considerable interest in working with minority businesses in the 1970’s, their aversion to government paperwork made them reluctant to pursue many government contracts.(C) The significant response of corporations in the 1970’s is likely to be sustained and conceivably be increased throughout the 1980’s.(D) Although corporations are eager to cooperate with minority-owned businesses, a shortage of capital in the 1970’s made substantial response impossible.(E) The enormous corporate response has all but eliminated the dangers of over-expansion that used to plague small minority-owned businesses.参考答案：BECA CBEC。
gmat focus edition 题型-概述说明以及解释
gmat focus edition 题型-概述说明以及解释1.引言1.1 概述GMAT（Graduate Management Admission Test）是全球范围内最受认可的商学院研究生入学考试之一。
GMAT考试主要评估考生在逻辑推理、阅读理解、问题解决能力和英语写作等方面的能力。
为应对GMAT考试的要求和挑战，考生需要充分了解各个题型的特点和解题技巧。
本篇文章将聚焦于GMAT考试中的不同题型，并进行详细的介绍和解析。
主要包括逻辑推理题、阅读理解题、问题解决题和英语写作题等。
通过深入分析每种题型的特点和解题技巧，帮助考生更好地应对GMAT考试。
在第二部分，我们将详细介绍每种题型的特点和解题思路。
逻辑推理题是GMAT考试中的关键部分，要求考生通过逻辑推理和分析，确定给定情况中的结论或推理出逻辑关系的规律。
阅读理解题则要求考生在一定时间内阅读一篇短文，并回答相关问题。
问题解决题主要涉及数学和逻辑推理，要求考生解决实际问题和逻辑推理题目。
英语写作题则要求考生就给定话题撰写一篇有条理和逻辑性的文章。
第三部分将对GMAT备考的启示进行总结。
通过对各个题型的学习和理解，考生能够更好地把握GMAT考试的要求和考点，从而高效备考。
同时，在总结中，我们也将对未来GMAT考试的发展进行展望，为考生提供更准确的备考建议。
通过本文的阅读和学习，读者将能够全面了解GMAT考试的题型特点和解题技巧，从而更好地应对GMAT考试挑战，取得理想的成绩。
无论是正在备考GMAT的考生，还是对GMAT考试有兴趣的人士，本文将为您提供有价值的信息和指导。
接下来，我们将首先介绍GMAT考试的大纲和结构，为后续的内容铺垫。
1.2文章结构文章结构部分的内容可以描述整篇文章的组织架构，以及各部分的内容与目的。
在本文中，文章共分为三个部分：引言、正文和结论。
引言部分是整篇文章的开端，用于引入读者进入主题，并对文章的目的和结构进行概述。
正文部分是文章的核心内容，具体分为三个小节：题型介绍、题型解析和解题技巧。
GMAT考试每日一练阅读题
为了让我们更好(de)适应GMAT考试,GMAT考试官网每天都会有GMAT试题,下面是天道小编为您整理(de)2016年7月19日GMAT考试题目,是阅读题,让我们一起来看一看这道题目吧.A recent study has provided clues to predator-prey dynamics in the late Pleistocene era. Researchers compared the number of tooth fractures in present-day carnivores with tooth fractures in carnivores that lived 36,000 to 10,000 years ago and that were preserved in the Rancho La Brea tar pits in Los Angeles. The breakage frequencies in the extinct species were strikingly higher than those in the present-day species.In considering possible explanations for this finding, the researchers dismissed demographic bias because older individuals were not overrepresented in the fossil samples. They rejected preservational bias because a total absence of breakage in two extinct species demonstrated that the fractures were not the result of abrasion within the pits. They ruled out local bias because breakage data obtained from other Pleistocene sites were similar to the La Brea data. The explanation they consider most plausible is behavioral differences between extinct and present-day carnivores—in particular, more contact between the teeth of predators and the bones of prey due to more thorough consumption of carcasses by the extinct species.Such thorough carcass consumption implies to the researchers either that prey availability was low, at least seasonally, or that there was intense competition over kills and a high rate of carcass theft due to relatively high predator densities.1、The primary purpose of the passage is toA、present several explanations for a well-known factB、suggest alternative methods for resolving a debateC、argue in favor of a controversial theoryD、question the methodology used in a studyE、discuss the implications of a research finding正确答案 E2、According to the passage, compared with Pleistocene carnivores in other areas, Pleistocene carnivores in the La Brea areaA、included the same species, in approximately the same proportionsB、had a similar frequency of tooth fracturesC、populated the La Brea area more denselyD、consumed their prey more thoroughlyE、found it harder to obtain sufficient prey正确答案 B3、According to the passage, the researchers believe that the high frequency of tooth breakage in carnivores found at La Brea was caused primarily byA、the aging process in individual carnivoresB、contact between the fossils in the pitsC、poor preservation of the fossils after they were removed from the pitsD、the impact of carnivores’ teeth against the bones o f their preyE、the impact of carnivores’ teeth against the bones of other carnivores during fights over kills正确答案 D4、The researchers’ conclusion concerning the absence of demographic bias would be most seriously undermined if it were found thatA、the older an individual carnivore is, the more likely it is to have a large number of tooth fracturesB、the average age at death of a present-day carnivore is greater than was the average age at death of a Pleistocene carnivoreC、in Pleistocene carnivore species, older individuals consumed carcasses as thoroughly as did younger individualsD、the methods used to determine animals’ ages in fossil samples tend to misidentify many older individuals as younger individualsE、data concerning the ages of fossil samples cannot provide reliable information about behavioral differences between extinct carnivores and present-day carnivores 正确答案 D5、According to the passage, if the researchers had NOT found that two extinct carnivore species were free of tooth breakage, the researchers would have concluded thatA、the difference in breakage frequencies could have been the result of damage to the fossil remains in the La Brea pitsB、the fossils in other Pleistocene sites could have higher breakage frequencies than do the fossils in the La Brea pitsC、Pleistocene carnivore species probably behaved very similarly to one another with respect to consumption of carcassesD、all Pleistocene carnivore species differed behaviorally from present-day carnivore speciesE、predator densities during the Pleistocene era were extremely high正确答案 A6、The passage suggests that if the researchers had not found that two extinct carnivore species were free of tooth breakage, the researchers would have concluded thatA、the difference in breakage frequencies could have been the result of damage to the fossile remains in the La Brea pitsB、the fossils in other Pleistocene sites could have higher breakage frequencies than do the fossils in the La Brea pitsC、Pleistocene carnivore species probably behaved very similarly to one another with respect to consumption of carcassD、all Pleistocene carnivores species differed behaviorally from present-day carnivore species.E、predator desities during the Pleistocene era were extremely high正确答案 A7、The passage suggests that tooth fractures in Pleistocene carnivores probably tended to occur less frequentlyA、during periods in which more prey were availableB、at sites distant from the La Brea areaC、in older individual carnivoresD、in species that were not preserved as fossilsE、in species that regularly stole carcasses from other species正确答案 A以上就是天道小编为根据GMAT考试官网最新信息,为您整理(de)2016年7月19日GMAT 试题,目(de)是为了让我们更好(de)适应GMAT考试题目,如果在备考过程中遇到任何问题,欢迎随时咨询天道培训,为您提供最专业、最全面(de)解答.GMAT金牌一对一想要快速提分,一对一最适合你1一对一会根据你(de)实际情况制定计划2每天有专职顾问记录你全天(de)学习进度3授课(de)时间、地点、形式都非常灵活4一对一授课(de)吸收率是大班课(de)5倍5教学更具交流性,课堂上可随时反馈6每学科教师辅导+专门学习顾问+助教数据证明一对一授课(de)吸收率,是大班课(de)5倍天道标准化GMAT课程教学体系——平均教龄5年以上教师研发,历经多年GMAT考试实战验证,数据证明一对一授课(de)吸收率,一对一授课效率是小班授课(de)2~3倍,是大班课(de)5倍,最大限度保证学习效果,家长要做(de)就是放心把孩子交给天道.。
历年GMAT考试真题精选新
历年GMAT考试真题精选1:If 2 different representatives are to be selected at random from a group of 10 employees and if p is the probability that both representatives selected will be women, is p > ?(1) More than of the 10 employees are women.(2) The probability that both representatives selected will be men is less than .A. Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.B. Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.C. BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.D. EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.E. Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2:For all integers n, the function f is defined by f (n) = an, where a is a constant. What is the value of f (1)?(1) f (2) = 100(2) f (3) = -1,000A. Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.B. Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.C. BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.D. EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.E. Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.3:Mary persuaded n friends to donate $500 each to her election campaign, and then each of these n friends persuaded n more people to donate $500 each to Mary’s campaign. If no one donated more than once and if there were no other donations, what was the value of n?(1) The first n people donated of the total amount donated.(2) The total amount donated was $120,000.A. Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.B. Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.C. BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.D. EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.E. Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4:If p is the product of the integers from 1 to 30, inclusive, what is the greatest integer k for which 3k is a factor of p?A. 10B. 12C. 14D. 16E. 18------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5:If x, y, and k are positive numbers such that ( )(10) + ( )(20) = k and if x y(2) y(2) ?(1) More than of the 10 employees are women.(2) The probability that both representatives selected will be men is less than .A. Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.B. Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.C. BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.D. EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.E. Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.Answer:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------25:Material A costs $3 per kilogram, and material B costs $5 per kilogram. If 10 kilograms of material K consists of x kilograms of material A and y kilograms of material B, is x > y?(1) y > 4(2) The cost of the 10 kilograms of material K is less than $40.A. Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.B. Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.C. BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.D. EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.E. Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.Answer:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------26:What is the value of the integer n?(1) n(n + 2) = 15(2) (n + 2)n = 125A. Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.B. Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.C. BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.D. EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.E. Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.Answer:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------27:Which of the following fractions has a decimal equivalent that is a terminating decimal?A. B. C. D. E. Answer:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------28:Theater M has 25 rows with 27 seats in each row. How many of the seats were occupied during a certain show?(1) During the show, there was an average (arithmetic mean) of 10 unoccupied seats per row for the front 20 rows.(2) During the show, there was an average (arithmetic mean) of 20 unoccupied seats per row for the back 15 rows.A. Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.B. Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.C. BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.D. EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.E. Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.Answer:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------29:This year Henry will save a certain amount of his income, and he will spend the rest. Next year Henry will have no income, but for each dollar that he saves this year, he will have 1 + r dollars available to spend. In terms of r, what fraction of his income should Henry save this year sothat next year the amount he was available to spend will be equal to half the amount that he spends this year?A. B. C. D. E. Answer:30:What is the ratio of the average (arithmetic mean) height of students in class X to the average height of students in class Y?(1) The average height of the students in class X is 120 centimeters.(2) The average height of the students in class X and class Y combined is 126 centimeters.A. Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.B. Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.C. BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.D. EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.E. Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.Answer:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------31:If a committee of 3 people is to be selected from among 5 married couples so that the committee does not include two people who are married to each other, how many such committees are possible?A. 20B. 40C. 50D. 80E. 120Answer:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------32:What is the remainder when the positive integer n is divided by 3?(1) The remainder when n is divided by 2 is 1.(2) The remainder when n + 1 is divided by 3 is 2.A. Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.B. Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is notsufficient.C. BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.D. EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.E. Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.Answer:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------33:Is │x│=│y│?(1) x - y = 6(2) x + y = 0A. Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.B. Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.C. BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.D. EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.E. Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.Answer:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------34:If r, s, and t are positive integers, is r + s + t even?(1) r + s is even.(2) s + t is even.A. Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.B. Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.C. BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.D. EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.E. Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.Answer:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------35:Joanna bought only $0.15 stamps and $0.29 stamps. How many $0.15 stamps did she buy?(1) She bought $4.40 worth of stamps.(2) She bought an equal number of $0.15 stamps and $0.29 stamps.A. Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.B. Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.C. BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.D. EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.E. Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.Answer:36:Professor Vásquez gave a quiz to two classes. Was the range of scores for the first class equal to the range of scores for the second class?(1) In each class, the number of students taking the quiz was 26, and the lowest score in each class was 70.(2) In each class, the average (arithmetic mean) score on the quizwas 85.A. Statement (1) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (2) alone is not sufficient.B. Statement (2) ALONE is sufficient, but statement (1) alone is not sufficient.C. BOTH statements TOGETHER are sufficient, but NEITHER statement ALONE is sufficient.D. EACH statement ALONE is sufficient.E. Statements (1) and (2) TOGETHER are NOT sufficient.Answer:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------37:The operation ○ is defined by the equation x ○ y = (x-y)/(x+y), where y ≠ -x. If 3 ○ y = 5 ○ 4, then y =A. 1/9B. 4/15C. 5/12D. 12/5E. 15/4Answer:------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------wer:文档内容到此结束，欢迎大家下载、修改、丰富并分享给更多有需要的人。
gmat verbal 考试题型和计分规则
GMAT Verbal考试题型主要包括三种类型：阅读理解、句子改写和句子纠错。
1. 阅读理解题：考生需要阅读一篇短文，然后回答与短文相关的问题。
这些问题可能涉及到细节、推断、态度、组织结构等方面的内容。
2. 句子改写题：考生需要对给定的句子进行改写，使其意思不变但表达方式不同。
这些句子可能包含语法、标点符号、同义词等方面的错误。
3. 句子纠错题：考生需要找出给定句子中的错误，并进行更正。
这些错误可能是单词拼写、语法、标点符号等方面的问题。
GMAT Verbal考试的计分规则是基于计算机自适应测试（CAT）的原理，即根据考生的答题情况和正确率来调整后续题目的难度和数量。
考试总时长为65分钟，共有36道题目，包括14道阅读理解题、10道句子改写题和12道句子纠错题。
每道题目的分值不同，分值范围从0到1分不等。
最终得分是根据所有题目的得分情况计算出的平均分数，满分为800分。
GMAT考试2024量化历年真题全视角
GMAT考试2024量化历年真题全视角GMAT考试（Graduate Management Admission Test）是一项全球性的管理类研究生入学考试。
它的量化部分是考察考生在数学和逻辑推理能力方面的表现，是备战GMAT考试中非常重要的一部分。
在准备GMAT考试的过程中，历年真题是必不可少的参考资源，它们能够帮助考生了解考试的题型、难度和命题风格，从而更好地进行备考。
本文将从全视角介绍GMAT考试2024年的量化部分历年真题，并提供相关题目的解析和解题技巧。
一、Data Sufficiency（数据充分性）题目Data Sufficiency题目是GMAT考试量化部分中的一大特色。
这类题目要求考生判断所给的数据是否足够解决问题。
以下是GMAT考试2024年的一个Data Sufficiency题目：题目：Is the integer x divisible by 3?1. x is divisible by 6.2. The sum of the digits of x is divisible by3.解析：这道题目要求判断整数x是否可以被3整除。
我们先来看一下两个陈述句的意义。
第一条陈述句表明x可以被6整除，我们知道6是3的倍数，所以第一条陈述句意味着x也可以被3整除。
第二条陈述句表明x的各位数字之和可被3整除，这说明x本身可以被3整除。
综上所述，无论是第一条陈述句还是第二条陈述句，都能够得出x 可以被3整除的结论。
因此，答案是D，两个陈述句均充分。
二、Problem Solving（问题求解）题目Problem Solving题目是GMAT考试中的另一类常见题型。
以下是GMAT考试2024年的一个Problem Solving题目：题目：If a, b, and c are positive integers, what is the value of (a + b) / c?(1) a = 3c(2) b = 2c解析：这道题目要求求解表达式(a + b) / c的值。
gmat ds题选项
gmat ds题选项（原创版）目录1.GMAT 是什么2.GMAT 的 DS 题是什么3.DS 题的解题技巧4.DS 题的选项分析正文1.GMAT 是什么GMAT（Graduate Management Admission Test）是研究生管理类专业入学考试，主要用于评估考生的逻辑思维、分析和解决问题的能力。
该考试主要面向希望进入商学院、管理类研究生项目以及 MBA 项目的学生。
在全球范围内，GMAT 成绩被众多知名商学院和研究生项目认可。
2.GMAT 的 DS 题是什么DS（Data Sufficiency）题是 GMAT 考试中的一种题型，要求考生根据给定的数据和问题，判断给出的陈述是否正确。
DS 题主要考察考生的数据分析、推理和判断能力。
在 DS 题中，考生需要从四个选项中选择一个最符合题目要求的答案。
3.DS 题的解题技巧解决 DS 题需要运用一定的解题技巧，以下是一些建议：（1）仔细阅读题目，理解问题的背景和要求。
（2）分析题目给出的数据和信息，判断哪些数据是关键的，哪些是无关的。
（3）根据问题，逐一分析选项，排除那些明显不正确的选项。
（4）对于不能迅速排除的选项，可以尝试代入法，即将选项中的数据代入原问题，看是否成立。
（5）注意题目要求的是“正确”的选项，而非“最佳”的选项。
因此，有时候需要选择一个相对较好的选项。
4.DS 题的选项分析DS 题的选项通常有以下特点：（1）选项中可能有多个正确的答案。
（2）选项中可能存在无法排除的模棱两可的答案。
（3）选项中可能存在一些迷惑性的答案，需要仔细分析才能排除。
（4）有时候，正确答案可能并不明显，需要运用代入法等技巧进行判断。
总之，DS 题是 GMAT 考试中一个重要的题型，需要考生具备较强的数据分析、推理和判断能力。
gmat模拟试题
gmat模拟试题题目一：1. Verbal Section (语文部分)Reading Comprehension (阅读理解)Directions: For each question in this section, select the best answer from the given choices.Questions 1-4 are based on the following passage.Passage 1:In recent years, there has been a growing concern about the detrimental effects of excessive smartphone use on mental health. Studies have shown that individuals who spend long hours on their smartphones are more prone to anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders. Researchers argue that the constant exposure to social media and digital distractions can negatively impact cognitive abilities and emotional well-being. Moreover, excessive smartphone use has been linked to a decrease in face-to-face social interactions and a rise in social isolation.Question 1: What is the main concern of the passage?a) The impact of smartphone use on mental health.b) The benefits of face-to-face social interactions.c) The increase in cognitive abilities due to smartphone use.d) The positive effects of digital distractions on emotional well-being.Question 2: According to the passage, excessive smartphone use can lead to which of the following?a) Increased cognitive abilities.b) Enhanced emotional well-being.c) Decreased face-to-face social interactions.d) Improved sleep patterns.Question 3: Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a potential effect of excessive smartphone use?a) Anxiety.b) Depression.c) Improved cognitive abilities.d) Sleep disorders.Question 4: What does the author imply about the impact of social media and digital distractions?a) They have a positive influence on individuals' well-being.b) They have no effect on cognitive abilities.c) They can negatively affect individuals' emotional health.d) They improve face-to-face social interactions.题目二：2. Quantitative Section (数学部分)Problem Solving (问题解决)Directions: For each question in this section, select the best answer from the given choices.Question 5: A rectangular garden is 10 meters long and 6 meters wide. If a path of uniform width is built around the garden, increasing the total area to 150 square meters, what is the width of the path in meters?a) 2b) 3c) 4d) 5Question 6: A company has a total of 120 employees. If 25% of the employees are managers and the remaining employees are non-managerial staff, how many non-managerial staff does the company have?a) 30b) 45c) 60d) 75Question 7: In a certain classroom, the ratio of boys to girls is 3:4. If there are 27 boys in the classroom, how many girls are there?a) 25b) 27c) 36d) 48Question 8: A bookstore sells used books for 25% off the original price. If a book originally costs $40, how much will it cost after the discount?a) $10b) $25c) $30d) $35题目三：3. Integrated Reasoning Section (综合推理部分)Table Analysis (表格分析)Directions: For each question in this section, select the best answer from the given choices.Question 9: Study the following table, which shows the distribution of students by gender and grade level in a university. Then answer the question below.Table: Distribution of Students by Gender and Grade LevelMale FemaleFreshman 120 100Sophomore 95 85Junior 75 90Senior 90 80What is the total number of students in the university?a) 470b) 440c) 390d) 375题目四：4. Analytical Writing Assessment (分析写作评估)Directions: In this section, you will be presented with an argument and asked to analyze it. You should consider the logical soundness of the argument as well as the support provided for the claims and assumptions. Your response should be well-structured and demonstrate clear, concise writing.Question 10:The following is an excerpt from a memorandum issued by the CEO of a software company."Recent statistics indicate that our company has experienced a decline in customer satisfaction over the past year. To address this issue, I propose implementing a customer loyalty program, offering discounts and rewards tofrequent customers. This program has been successful for our competitors and can help improve customer retention and satisfaction."Write a response in which you analyze the argument presented above. In your analysis, consider any flaws in the reasoning and the evidence provided. Also, discuss what additional evidence, if any, would strengthen the argument and explain how it would impact the logical soundness of the argument.长度不够的时候可以增加例子、分析步骤、证据等内容来达到所需字数。
gmat考试题
gmat考试题GMAT（Graduate Management Admission Test）是全球范围内最为知名的商学院研究生入学考试。
GMAT考试题目包括语法、阅读理解、逻辑思维和数学等多个科目。
考生需要在规定的时间内回答一系列题目，以评估其在商学院学习中所需的能力。
以下是一些常见的GMAT考试题目及解答。
1. 语法题题目：下列哪个句子中的动词形式正确？A) He had went to the store yesterday.B) She have been studying for hours.C) They has completed the project on time.D) We were playing soccer in the park.解答：D) We were playing soccer in the park.2. 阅读理解题题目：根据以下文章，回答问题：文章：根据最新研究，早晨喝一杯咖啡可以提高大脑的注意力和记忆力。
研究者发现，咖啡因可以刺激中枢神经系统，改善思维能力。
此外，咖啡还可以提高代谢率，帮助人们保持清醒。
因此，早晨喝咖啡有助于提高工作效率和学习成绩。
问题：为什么早晨喝咖啡有助于提高工作效率和学习成绩？解答：根据文章中的研究结果，早晨喝咖啡可以刺激中枢神经系统，提高注意力和记忆力，从而提高工作效率和学习成绩。
3. 逻辑思维题题目：下列命题中哪个是合乎逻辑的？A) 如果今天下雨，那么我会带雨伞。
B) 如果今天下雨，那么我一定会带雨伞。
C) 如果今天下雨，那么我可能会带雨伞。
D) 如果今天下雨，那么我绝对不会带雨伞。
解答：C) 如果今天下雨，那么我可能会带雨伞。
4. 数学题题目：下列方程中哪个是一元二次方程？A) 2x + 3y = 6B) x^2 + 3x + 2 = 0C) 3x + 4y = 10D) x + y = 5解答：B) x^2 + 3x + 2 = 0以上是一些常见的GMAT考试题目及解答。
GMAT考试2024量化历年题目全集
GMAT考试2024量化历年题目全集GMAT（全称为Graduate Management Admission Test，研究生管理入学考试）是广泛被全球各个商学院所接受的标准化测试。
在GMAT 考试中，量化部分是考生们最为重视的一部分，因为它涉及数学和逻辑思维。
为了帮助考生更好地备考2024年的GMAT考试，下面整理了GMAT考试2024量化历年题目全集，供广大考生参考和练习。
第一部分：Problem Solving（问题求解）1. Question 1：某公司销售了1000部手机，其中60%是智能手机，剩余部分是非智能手机。
如果每部智能手机的售价为500美元，每部非智能手机的售价为300美元，那么该公司总销售额是多少？2. Question 2：某公司A与公司B共同投资一项工程，总投资额为100,000美元，其中公司A投资了40%的金额，公司B投资了剩余部分的金额。
如若公司B的投资金额是公司A的2倍，则公司A的投资金额是多少？3. Question 3：某超市在一次促销活动中，将某种商品的售价降低了40%。
如果在此次活动中售出了2000个单位的该商品，并实际获利30,000美元，那么该商品的原售价是多少？第二部分：Data Sufficiency（数据充分性）1. Statement 1：某商店的所有商品按照原价的三分之一进行折扣销售，且销售额为30,000美元。
该商店的原始总库存价值是多少？2. Statement 2：某种商品的运费为每件20美元，且每件商品的售价为100美元。
该商店总共卖出了400件该商品。
该商店在售出这400件商品后是否还能盈利？第三部分：Word Problems（数学应用问题）1. Problem 1：某公司每年提供员工培训。
根据统计数据，36%的员工选择参加培训，而剩余部分的员工不参加培训。
如果该公司共有800名员工，参加培训的员工人数是多少？2. Problem 2：某咖啡店销售三种咖啡豆：A、B、C。
GMAT考试阅读练习题目及解析
GMAT考试阅读练习题目及解析一、阅读理解练习题目题目1阅读以下段落，回答问题。
"The rise of the internet has transformed the way we gather information. With the click of a button, we have access to a vast amount of knowledge that was once difficult to obtain. However, this easy access to information also brings challenges, such as the overload of data and the difficulty in distinguishing between accurate and inaccurate information."1. What is the main idea of the passage?2. According to the passage, what are the benefits of the internet?3. What challenges does the easy access to information bring?题目2阅读以下段落，回答问题。
"Climate change is one of the most pressing global issues of our time. The Earth's climate is changing rapidly, and this is largely due to human activities, such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation. These activities release large amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, which trap heat and cause the Earth's temperature to rise. This phenomenon, known as global warming, has serious consequences for our planet, including rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and the loss of biodiversity."1. What is the main idea of the passage?2. According to the passage, what are the causes of climate change?3. What are the consequences of global warming?二、阅读理解练习题目解析解析11. main idea: The main idea of the passage is to discuss the impact of the internet on the way we gather information, highlighting both the benefits and the challenges it brings.2. benefits of the internet: The passage mentions that the easy access to information is one of the benefits of the internet.3. challenges of easy access to information: The passage states that the easy access to information brings challenges such as data overload and the difficulty in distinguishing between accurate and inaccurate information.解析21. main idea: The main idea of the passage is to discuss the issue of climate change and its consequences, emphasizing the role of human activities in causing global warming.2. causes of climate change: The passage mentions that burning fossil fuels and deforestation are two of the main causes of climate change.3. consequences of global warming: The passage lists several consequences of global warming, including rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and the loss of biodiversity.通过以上练习题目及解析，可以帮助考生提高GMAT考试的阅读理解能力。
2023年GMAT考试真题
2023年GMAT考试真题第一部分：数学问题1：某公司2022年销售额为X万元，比上一年增长了25%，请计算2021年该公司的销售额。
解答1：设2021年销售额为Y万元。
根据题意有：X = Y +0.25Y。
化简得到：X = 1.25Y。
解方程可得：Y = X / 1.25。
问题2：已知正方形ABCD的边长为4cm，线段EF平分了BC，且垂直于BC。
求EF的长度。
解答2：由于EF与BC垂直，故BF=FC。
又因为BD=DC=4/2=2cm，所以三角形BDE为等腰直角三角形。
根据勾股定理可得：DE = sqrt(2^2 + (4/2)^2) = sqrt(4 + 4) = sqrt(8) =2sqrt(2) cm。
因此，EF的长度为2DE = 2*2sqrt(2) = 4sqrt(2) cm。
问题3：若a = 3^2^2，b = 2^3^4，c = (ab)^(1/2)，求c的值。
解答3：首先计算a的值：a = 3^2^2 = 3^4 = 81。
然后计算b的值：b = 2^3^4 = 2^81。
由于指数运算满足指数法则，即a^b^c =a^(b*c)，所以b = 2^(3*4) = 2^12。
将a和b的值代入c的表达式可得：c = (81*2^12)^(1/2) = (81*2^12)^(1/2) = sqrt(81*2^12)。
化简得：c = 9*2^6 = 576。
第二部分：语言问题1：选择最佳替代词以完善以下句子：“He is a ______artist and has won numerous awards.”a) talentedb) stubbornc) cautiousd) curious解答1：a) talented。
问题2：填入正确的介词以完善以下句子：“I'm looking forward ______ the weekend.”a) tob) inc) atd) for解答2：a) to。
吉迈特考试内容
吉迈特考试内容考试方式：我国的GMAT考试已经使用计算机化考试，采用Computer-Adaptive Testing的方式考试内容：包括七个部分（Section）试题，每个Section的考试时间为30分钟，其中有阅读理解（ReadingComprehension）、句子改错（Sentence Correction）、问题求解（Problem Solving）、数据填充（DataSufficiency）以及原因评述（CriticalReasoning）各一个部分。
剩下两个部分的题型分布都不一样。
这七个Sections 试题中有一个是试测性部分，不计入GMAT成绩。
但由于分辨不出哪个Section 不计分，因此所有部分的试题均要认真回答。
【延伸扩展】考试内容细解：1、阅读理解提供阅读文章三或四篇，共设25个问题，每个问题有四个可供选择的答案。
文章内容涉及到人文科学、社会学、物理学和生物学等领域。
2、句子改错共有25道题。
出题形式是：一般给出一个句子，在句子一部分或全部的下方用线标明，要求考生针对划线的部分，从五个选项中作出最佳选择。
请注意：答案（A）往往就是划线部分本身。
3、问题求解共有20道问题。
试题形式可能是文字叙述形式，要求考生进行计算，也可能要求对图、表进行解释。
内容涉及大量的算术、代数和几何的基本定理。
4、数据填充共有25个问题，每道题中均含有数学问题和两个与之相关的说明。
考生必须作出判断，利用这些信息能否解答试题：（A）仅第一个数据说明可以解题，而第二个不行；（B）仅第二个数据说明可以解题，而第一个不行；（C）两个数据说明放在一起可以解题，但任何单独一个均不行；（D）任何一个数据说明均能解题；（E）两个数据说明放在一起都不能解题，必须增添新数据。
5、原因评述共有20道问题。
该部分试题有下列几种出题形式：（1）推断与设想（Inference orAssumption）。
一般是先给出一段陈述、论证、意见或事实，然后要求从陈述中的概括和推断两个方面作出最佳选择。
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GMAT考试阅读试题(四)(2)Passage 19In contrast to traditional analyses of minority busi-ness，the sociological analysis contends that minoritybusiness ownership is a group-level phenomenon，in thatit is largely dependent upon social-group resources for（5）its development. Specifically，this analysis indicates thatsupport networks play a critical role in starting andmaintaining minority business enterprises by providingowners with a range of assistance，from the informalencouragement of family members and friends to（10）dependable sources of labor and clientele from theowner's ethnic group. Such self-help networks，whichencourage and support ethnic minority entrepreneurs，consist of "primary" institutions，those closest to theindividual in shaping his or her behavior and beliefs.（15）They are characterized by the face-to-face associationand cooperation of persons united by ties of mutualconcern. They form an intermediate social level betweenthe individual and larger "secondary " institutionsbasedon impersonal relationships. Primary institutions（20）comprising the support network include kinship，peer，and neighborhood or community subgroups.A major function of self-help networks is financialsupport. Most scholars agree that minority businessowners have depended primarily on family funds and （25）ethnic community resources for investmentcapital .Personal savings have been accumulated，often throughfrugal living habits that require sacrifices by the entirefamily and are thus a product of long-term familyfinan-cial behavior. Additional loans and gifts from relatives.（30）forthcoming because of group obligation rather thannarrow investment calculation，have supplementedpersonal savings. Individual entrepreneurs do not neces-sarily rely on their kin because they cannot obtain finan-cial backing from commercial resources. They may actu-（35）ally avoid banks because they assume that commercial institutions either cannot comprehend the special needsof minority enterprise or charge unreasonably highinterest rates.Within the larger ethnic community，rotating credit（40）associations have been used to raise capital. Theseasso-ciations are informal clubs of friends and other trustedmembers of the ethnic group who make regularcontri-butions to a fund that is given to each contributor inrotation. One author estimates that 40 percent of New（45）York Chinatown firms established during 1900-1950utilized such associations as their initial source ofcapital. However，recent immigrants and third or fourthgenerations of older groups now employ rotating creditassociations only occasionally to raise investment funds.（50）Some groups，like Black Americans，found other meansof financial support for their entrepreneurial efforts.Thefirst Black-operated banks were created in the late nine-teenth century as depositories for dues collected fromfraternal or lodge groups，which themselves had sprung（55）from Black churches. Black banks made limited invest-ments in other Black enterprises. Irish immigrants inAmerican cities organized many building and loan asso-ciations to provide capital for home construction andpurchase. They. in turn，provided work for many Irish（60）home-building contractor firms. Other ethnic andminority groups followed similar practices in foundingethnic-directed financial institutions.1. Based on the information in the passage. it would beLEAST likely for which of the following persons to be part of a self-help network？（A）The entrepreneur's childhood friend（B）The entrepreneur's aunt（C）The entrepreneur's religious leader（D）The entrepreneur's neighbor（E）The entrepreneur's banker2. Which of the following illustrates the working of a self-help support network，as such networks are describedin the passage？（A）A public high school offers courses inbook-keeping and accounting as part of its open-enrollment adult education program.（B）The local government in a small city sets up a program that helps teen-agers find summer jobs.（C）A major commercial bank offers low-interest loans to experienced individuals who hope to establish their own businesses.（D）A neighborhood-based fraternal organization develops a program of on-the-job training for its members and their friends.（E）A community college offers country residentstraining programs that can lead to certification in a variety of technical trades.3. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about rotating credit associations？（A）They were developed exclusively by Chinese immigrants.（B）They accounted for a significant portion of the investment capital used by Chinese immigrants in New York in the early twentieth century.（C）Third-generation members of an immigrant group who started businesses in the 1920's would have been unlikely to rely on them.（D）They were frequently joint endeavors by members of two or three different ethnic groups.（E）Recent immigrants still frequently turn to rotating credit associations instead of banks for investment capital.4. The passage best supports which of the following statements？（A）A minority entrepreneur who had no assistance from family members would not be able to start a business.（B）Self-help networks have been effective inhelping entrepreneurs primarily in the last 50 years.（C）Minority groups have developed a range of alternatives to standard financing of business ventures.（D）The financial institutions founded by various ethnic groups owe their success to their unique formal organization.（E）Successful minority-owned businesses succeed primarily because of the personal strengths of their founders.5. Which of the following best describes the organization of the second paragraph？（A）An argument is delineated，followed by a counterargument.（B）An assertion is made and several examples are provided to illustrate it.（C）A situation is described and its historical background is then outlined.（D）An example of a phenomenon is given and is then used as a basis for general conclusions.（E）A group of parallel incidents is described and the distinctions among the incidents are then clarified.nctions among the incidents are then clarified.6. According to the passage，once a minority-ownedbusiness is established，self-help networks contribute which of the following to that business？（A）Information regarding possible expansion of the business into nearby communities（B）Encouragement of a business climate that is nearly free of direct competition（C）Opportunities for the business owner to reinvest profits in other minority-owned businesses（D）Contact with people who are likely to be customers of the new business（E）Contact with minority entrepreneurs who are members of other ethnic groups7. It can be inferred from the passage that traditional analyses of minority business would be LEAST likely to do which of the following？（A）Examine businesses primarily in their social contexts（B）Focus on current，rather than historical，examples of business enterprises（C）Stress common experiences of individual entrepreneurs in starting businesses（D）Focus on the maintenance of businesses，rather than means of starting them（E）Focus on the role of individual entrepreneurs in starting a business8. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about the Irish building and loan associations mentioned in the last paragraph？（A）They were started by third-or fourth-generation immigrants.（B）They originated as offshoots of church-related groups.（C）They frequently helped Irish entrepreneurs to finance business not connected with construction.（D）They contributed to the employment of many Irish construction workers.（E）They provided assistance for construction businesses owned by members of other ethnic groups.【。