「精品」2020年高考英语总复习(人教版,全国通用)语法专项突破：连词和状语从句(共52张PPT)-精品资料
2020年高考英语精选考点专题09状语从句及连词(解析版).pdf
专题09 状语从句及连词I.单项填空1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】23.The doctor shares his phone number with the patients __________ they need medical assistance.A. if onlyB. as ifC. even thoughD. in case【答案】 D【解析】考查状语从句的连词。
句意：医生给了病人他的手机号码，以防病人需要医疗援助。
A. if only要是…多好；B. as if好像，仿佛； C. even though即使，尽管； D. in case以备，以防，免得。
故选D。
2.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】13.Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents' opinion _________ he wantstheir support.A. sinceB. onceC. unlessD. after【答案】C【解析】考查连词辨析。
句意：汤姆是如此独立，以至于他从来不征求父母的意见，除非他想得到他们的支持。
since因为；once一旦；unless除非；after在……之后，根据题意，故选C。
3.【2018·北京】2. _________ we don’t stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.A. AlthoughB. WhileC. IfD. Until【答案】C点睛：条件状语从句通常由引导词if或unless引导。
条件是指某一件事情实现之后（状语从句中的动作），其它事情（主句中的动作）才能发生，通常译作“假如”。
4.【2018·天津】4. Let's not pick these peaches until this weekend ___________they get sweet enough to be eaten.A. ever sinceB. as ifC. even thoughD. so that【答案】D【解析】考查连词短语词义辨析及语境理解。
2020年高考模拟复习知识点试卷试题之高考英语语法复习：连词(讲解-练习题及答案)(20200614221306)
b. although … yet…，但 although 不与 but 连用。
(错 ) Although he was weak, but he tried his best to do the work..
(对 ) Although he was weak, yet he tried his best to do the work.
so + adj. + a(n) + n.
such + n. (pl.)
1
so + adj. + n. (pl.)
such +n. (pl.)
so + adj. + n. [ 不可数 ] such +n. [ 不可数 ]
so foolish
such a fool
so nice a flower
such a nice flower
2、before 作连词一般表示时间，意为 “在… 之前 ”，但有些句子中这样译就显得别扭。 翻译： He almost knocked me down before he saw me. 他几乎把我撞倒才看见我；
试看以下句子的
Before I could get in a word he had measured me. 我还没来得及插话，他已经给我量好了尺寸。 3、till, until 作为介词式从属连词引导时间状语短语或状语从句， 用于否定句时， 结构为 not … until (till) ， 主句谓语动词延续与非延续皆可， 意为 “直到 …才 …”。用于肯定句时， 只与延续性动词连用， 表示 “到 … 为止 ”。
that, whether, if 三个。其中 that
高考英语总复习(人教版全国通用)语法专项突破：连词和状语从句(共52张PPT)
(4)no matter(who, what, when, where, which, how. . . ): no matter. . . 与wh-ever引导的让步状语从句意义基本一样, no matter. . . 引导的从 句可位于主句前或主句后。 *No matter how dry a desert may be, it is not necessarily lifeless. 不管沙漠里可能是多么干燥, 它也并不一定是没有生命存在的。
want to spend all day with her.
but
状语从句 考点1 让步状语从句 ★★★★★
(1)though/although: 在句子中一般用了“虽然(though/although)”就不 能再用“但是(but)”, 但可以与yet或still连用; though与although意义 相同, 用法基本一样, 前者通俗, 口语化, 后者正式, 多放在主句的前面。
2. when 和 while 可作并列连词。 when 表示“在那时 , 此时突然” ; while表示“然而, 而”, 表对比或转折关系。并列连词when常用于以 下句型中: ①. . . was/were doing. . . when. . . (……正在做……突然……) ②. . . was/were about to do. . . when. . . (……刚要做……突然……)
3. 从属连词用来引导各类状语从句, 如after, where, as if, because, so. . . that. . . , in order that, if, although, as. . . as. . . 等。
【典题印证】用适当的连词填空 (2014· 北京高考)Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, ______ plants can spread to new places. 解题关键: 根据carry seeds与spread to new places可知, 两个分句之间 存在因果关系。
2020 高考冲刺 英语 总复习(人教版)--语法专项突破--第三讲 状语及状语从句
第三讲状语及状语从句[思维导图]Ⅰ.状语1．概念：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分叫作状语。
2．功能：一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、原因、条件、让步、方式、程度等意义。
3．充当状语的词：状语可由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词、状语从句等充当。
4．位置：(1)通常在句子基本结构后，强调时放在句首；(2)修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰词之前；(3)表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，地点状语一般放在时间状语之前；(4)一些表示频度的副词(如often，almost等)作状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后、实义动词之前。
He did his homework carefully.(副词作状语)他认真地做了作业。
She goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.(介词短语作状语)她星期天出去购物。
Feeling tired，he went to bed without supper.(非谓语动词作状语)他感到很累，没吃晚饭就上床睡觉了。
Ⅱ.状语从句一、时间状语从句1．when，while与as引导的时间状语从句连词从句谓语动词用法whe n 延续性动词或非延续性动词从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生while延续性动词从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生as 延续性动词强调主从句动作相伴发生，可译为“一边……一边……；随着”Metals expand when they are heated.金属受热时膨胀。
While /When I was reading，he came in.我正在看书时，他进来了。
The students sang as they walked.学生们边走边唱。
2．before与since引导的时间状语从句(1)before与since的常用句式连词词义常用句式befor e 在……之前；还未……就……；……才……；趁……；还没来得及……(1)It will be＋一段时间＋before...“过……(时间)才……”(2)It won’t be longbefore...“不久……就……”(3)It was＋时间段＋before...“过了……(时间)才……”since 自从……以来It is/has been＋一段时间＋since...(从句用一般过去时)It will be half a year before I come back. 我半年之后才回来。
2020年高考英语语法专项复习ppt课件
2 0 2 0 年高考 英语语 法专项 复习pp t课件
1.Here_c_o_m__e_s_(come/comes) the bus. 2. There ___i_s__(be) a pen and several books on the desk. 3. On the wall _a__r_e___(be) many pictures 规律总结10:
■语法一致原则(Grammatical Agreement) ■意义一致原则 (Notional Agreement) ■ 就近原则(Proximity)
2 0 2 0 年高考 英语语 法专项 复习pp t课件
一.语法一致原则 2020年高考英语语法专项复习ppt课件
eg. 1. To study English well __is__ (is /are) not easy 2.Reading in the sun __i_s_ (is /are) bad our eye 3.That we need more time__is_(is/are) obvious.
规律总结3：and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别
有_e_a_c_h__,e_v_e_r_y_,_n_o_ 修饰时，谓语要用________。
2 0 2 0 年高考 英语语 法专项 复习pp t课件
2 0 2 0 年高考 英语语 法专项 复习pp t课件
规律总结4: “A as well as B” 结构，谓语动词应与A__ 一致又叫___________
universities ____rising steadily since 1990. A is B are C has been D have been 3.Physics ____one of my favorite subjects. A. is B are C was D were 4.Ten dollars _____ quite enough A are B is C have D has
高中英语 人教版高三年级高考复习+语法知识点：连词和状语从句
连词和状语从句讲练考点❶连词1．表并列关系： and，not only...but (also) ...，neither，nor，neither...nor...等词连接的并列句，在意义上主要对前一句子作补充或引申，包括肯定和否定两方面的意义。
Think it over，and you'll find a way out.Not only is he himself interested in the subject，but also his students begin to show interest in it.Neither does he work hard，nor does his brother.2．表选择关系：or，either...or...连接并列句表示选择意义。
The children can go with us，or they can stay in.Either you or I am right.You have to move out of the way or the truck cannot get past you.3．表转折关系：常用的有but，yet，while等。
Jane said she was ill，yet I saw her in the street just now.Some men are rich，while others are poor.He tried hard to catch up with his classmates，but he failed.Mr.White is fat，while his wife is very thin.James thought his explanation was convincing.However，nobody believed him. 4．表因果关系：常用的有so，for。
人教版高考英语一轮总复习 语法专题突破 专题三 谓语动词
I will tell him about it when I see him next Monday.
【易混辨析】比较:一般现在时与一般过去时 一般现在时主要用于习惯性或经常性的动作或状态,常与 usually,often,seldom等频度副词连用。
去”,和现在毫无关系
动作到现在刚完成或还在继续
三、现在完成时及其被动语态
【真题语境】 ◆单句语法填空 1.(2021·浙江卷)It doesn’t impress like George Washington’s plantation on the Potomac,but Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield,Illinois,
2.一般现在时的构成 主动语态:am/is/are或do/does。 被动语态:am/is/are done。 3.一般现在时的主要用法 ①表示经常发生或习惯性的动作或状态。
Father always reads newspapers after breakfast. ②表示主语现在的性格、特征、能力。
3.(2019·全国Ⅱ卷)Irene said,“I don’t see any reason to give up work.I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I have made (make) over the years.I work not because I have to,but because I want to.”
recommended (recommend) wonderful places to eat,shop,and visit. 11.(2019·全国Ⅲ卷)On the last day of our week-long stay,we were invited (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars,listening to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
2020近5年高考全国卷真题语法专项-连词(详解与真题)
近5年高考全国卷真题语法专项-连词（详解与真题）考查形式：语法填空和改错，另外还需要注意在阅读理解和完型填空中出现的连词含义。
1考点精讲1. 并列连词常见的并列连词有and，but，or，not….but….(不是…而是….),not only…but also….(不仅….而且….);neither….nor…..(既不….也不….)either….or….(要么….要么….)用法：并列的成分保持一致（可以并列主语，谓语，宾语，状语等）例如：She is not a teacher but a doctor.(并列宾语)Tom is not in the library but in the room.(并列状语)Either Li lei or Jim goes to see a movie.(并列主语)注意：在高考中主要是结合句意来理解例如：1）He is a shy man,_____ he is not afraid of anything or anyone.(2015北京)解析：结合句意，他是个害羞的人，但不怕任何事和任何人。
表转折故填but。
2）Give me a chance,____I’ll give you a wonderful surprise.(天津高考) 解析：根据句意：给我一个机会，我就会给你个伟大的惊喜。
此时这里表示并列关系，故填and。
2. 状语从句连接两个对立的分句;连词后的句子为从句，另个句子是主句；例如：If you can study hard,(从句) you will be successful.（主句）1）when, while ,as的用法都可以表示“当…..时候”；可以相互替换；as、when、while用法一览表类别作用例句asas表示“当……的时候”，往往和when/ while通用，但它着重强调主句与从句的动作或事情同时或几乎同时发生。
2020届高考英语一轮复习专题十并列连词和状语从句教师用书(PDF,含解析)
选 ｏｒ 或者
择 关 系
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ｃａｎ ｂｅ ｂｏｕｇｈｔ ｗｉｔｈ ｍｏｎｅｙ.
Ａ.ｏｒ
Ｂ.ａｎｄ
Ｃ.ｂｕｔ
Ｄ.ｓｏ
３.并列连词 ｗｈｅｎ
ｗｈｅｎ ＝ ａｎｄ ａｔ ｔｈｉｓ / ｔｈａｔ ｔｉｍｅ 正 在 这/那 时 ������������ ( 突 然)
①ｂｅ ｄｏｉｎｇ ｓｔｈ.ｗｈｅｎ...正在做某事突然������������ Ｗｅ ｗｅｒｅ ｈａｖｉｎｇ ａ ｍｅｅｔｉｎｇ ｗｈｅｎ ｓｏｍｅｏｎｅ ｂｒｏｋｅ ｉｎ.我 们正在开会ꎬ这时有人闯了进来ꎮ ②ｂｅ ａｂｏｕｔ ｔｏ ｄｏ ｓｔｈ.ｗｈｅｎ... ＝ ｂｅ ｏｎ ｔｈｅ ｐｏｉｎｔ ｏｆ ｄｏｉｎｇ ｓｔｈ.ｗｈｅｎ... 正要做某事突然������������ Ｗｅ ｗｅｒｅ ａｂｏｕｔ ｔｏ ｓｅｔ ｏｆｆ ｗｈｅｎ ｉｔ ｓｕｄｄｅｎｌｙ ｂｅｇａｎ ｔｏ ｒａｉｎ.我们正打算动身ꎬ这时突然下起了雨ꎮ ③ｈａｄ ｊｕｓｔ / ｈａｒｄｌｙ ｄｏｎｅ ｓｔｈ. ｗｈｅｎ... 刚做完某事突然 就������������ Ｉ ｈａｄ ｊｕｓｔ ｆｉｎｉｓｈｅｄ ｍｙ ｈｏｍｅｗｏｒｋ ｗｈｅｎ ｓｏｍｅｏｎｅ ｋｎｏｃｋｅｄ ａｔ ｔｈｅ ｄｏｏｒ. 我刚做完作业就有人敲门ꎮ
Ｄ.ａｓ
２.表条件或结果关系的并列连词 ａｎｄꎬ ｏｒ
2020年高考英语语法专项突破训练专题21-连词.pdf
专题二十一连词重难点分析连词是一种虚词，它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词、短语与短语以及句与句的作用。
连词可以分为两类：并列连词和从属连词(引导各种从句的连词)。
一、连词的用法归纳并列连词并列关系and, when(就在这时=and just at this/that time), not only…but also, neither…nor, both…and转折关系but, while (而、尽管), yet, not…but选择关系or, either…or, otherwise, or else (否则、要不然)因果关系for, so定语从句关系代词先行词是人who/that(主语), whom/that(宾语), whose(定语) 注意：非限制性定语从句中不用that 先行词是事或物which/that(主语或宾语), whose(定语)关系副词先行词是时间: when (状语)；先行词是地点: where (状语)；先行词是reason: why (状语)名词性从句连词that 没有词义，不作句子成分，引导宾语从句时可省略；即句子的结构与意义完整时，填that连词if/whether 意为“是否”，不作句子成分，引导宾语从句时，一般可互换，但在介词后或discuss 后引导宾语从句时，只能用whether。
但引导其他名词性从句时，一般也只能用whether连接代词有意义，作句子成分：who, whom, whose, which, what连接副词有词义，作句子成分：when, where, why, how状语从句时间状语when, while, as, before, after, once, till, until, since, every time, the moment, hardly…when, no sooner…than, as soon as地点状语where, wherever (无论什么地方、不管哪里)条件状语if, unless (除非), as/so long as (只要), on condition that (如果), in case (如果、万一)原因状语because, since, as, now that (=since 既然、由于)结果状语so that (结果), so…that, such…that (如此……以至于……)目的状语so that (为了、以便), in order that, in case (以防万一), for fear that (以防、以免)让步状语although, though, as (状语或表语要提到as前，作表语的单数可数名词提前时，不用a), even if, even though (即使), whether…or…(不管……还是), whoever (=no matterwho), whatever (=no matter what), whenever (=no matter when), whichever (=no matterwhich)比较状语than, as…as, not as…as, not so…as, the same…as, such…as, the more…the more方式状语as (像、依照), as if, as though (好像、仿佛)注意：定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句的详细讲解可见专题13、14、15。
高考英语近三年真题语法精讲精练专题5连词和状语从句
高中英语学案大全，高考学案大全
A．when B．than C．until D．after
4．(2012·北京高考)— Look at those clouds!
— Don't worry.______ it rains，we'll still have a great time.
A．Even if B．As though C．In case D．If only
高中英语学案大全，高考学案大全
语法专题五 连词和状语从句
考点一 连词 在句中连接单词、短语、从句或者句子的词为连词。根据句子的结构特点，连词通常分为并列连词 和从属连词。 1．并列连词按照在句中的作用可分为：表并列关系的连词(and，as well as，both...and...，not only...but also...，neither...nor...等)、表转折关系的连词(but，yet，however，while，nevertheless 等)、 表选择关系的连词(or，either...or...，otherwise 等)、表因果关系的连词(for，so，therefore 等)。 —Why do you like staying in Guiyang? —Because the weather there is neither too hot nor too cold. 2．引导名词性从句或状语从句的主要有以下从属连词： that，whether，if，as，when，while，till，until，since，after，before，because，though， although，so...that，where 等。 I arrived after he left. 考点二 时间状语从句 1．when，while，as 都可译为“当……的时候”，但侧重点有所不同。 当主句动作是瞬时的，从句动作是延续的时，三者都可以用。 as 强调主、从句动作同时或几乎同时发生。 while 从句的谓语必须是延续的，不能是非延续性动词。 She sang as we walked.I listened carefully while she was singing，and we felt happy when we got home. 我们一边走她一边唱，她唱的时候我认真听。到家的时候我们感觉很高兴。 2．until 和 not...until until 要与延续性动词连用；not...until 要与非延续性动词连用。 He didn't go to bed until his father came back. 3．特殊的时间状语从句的引导词 1)the moment，the minute，the instant，the second；no sooner...than...； hardly/scarcely...when...等以及表示瞬间的 directly，immediately，表示“一……就……”，相当于 as soon as。no sooner...than...，hardly/scarcely...when...结构中 no sooner 和 hardly/scarcely 引导的句子中谓 语动词通常用过去完成时，而 than 和 when 引导的句子中谓语动词通常要用一般过去时，此外，no sooner 和 hardly/scarcely 位于句首时，句子应用部分倒装语序。 Tell him the news the minute you meet Tom. Hardly had I got home when it began to rain. 2)next time，the first time，last time，every time，the spring (summer，autumn，winter)等，这类 短语名词直接用作连词引导时间状语从句。 Every time I see him he wears a pleasant smile.
精选2020年高考高中人教版英语一轮复习讲义 第2部分 板块4 第2讲 并列句和状语从句
第2讲并列句和状语从句[全国卷考情分析]考点一并列连词[先试做题组]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2019·重庆联考)It was an extremely dark，lonely country road. Neither a single person nor any traffic was in sight at all.2．(2019·东北三省四市二模)I used to think that the flying car was a ridiculousidea.But I changed my mind this morning when I sat in heavy traffic.3．(2019·山西省八校联考)Looking back，I know the greatest difficulty on our way to success is our fear.Overcome it，and we will be able to achieve our goals.Ⅱ.单句改错4．(2019·江西名校联盟检测)Although it was already autumn, but it was still hot.去掉but5．(2019·郑州质检)She was born into a poor family or she worked very hard to be successful. or→and/so/but[再解读要点]1．表并列、递进或顺承关系的并列连词：and，both ...and ...，neither ...nor ...，not only ...but also ...，as well asNot only can a beautiful smile make ourselves happy，but also it enables others to feel delighted.一个灿烂的笑容不仅能使我们自己高兴，而且能使他人感到愉快。
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(6)while也可以引导让步状语从句, 意为“虽然”。 *While volleyball is her main focus, she’s also good at basketball. 尽管排球是她主要的项目, 她也很擅长篮球。
【点津】让步状语从句中的主语和主句主语一致, 或从句主语为it, 而 且从句的谓语又包含be动词, 则可以把从句主语和be动词省略。
3. 从属连词用来引导各类状语从句, 如after, where, as if, because, so. . . that. . . , in order that, if, although, as. . . as. . . 等。
【典题印证】用适当的连词填空 (2014·北京高考)Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, ______ plants can spread to new places. 解题关键: 根据carry seeds与spread to new places可知, 两个分句之间 存在因果关系。 答案判定: 句意: 有些动物把种子从一个地方带到另外一个地方, 因此 植物就可以传播到新地方了。所以填so。
【典题印证】用适当的连词填空
(2014·北京高考)
the forest park is far away, a lot of tourists visit
it every year.
解题关键: 搞清主从句之间的关系, “far away”与“visit it every year”
是转折关系, 故可填as或even though。as引导让步状语从句时从句需
even if
4. (2013·上海高考)They promised to develop a software package by
the end of this year, _w_h_a_t_e_v_e_r difficulty they might have. 5. (2012·陕西高考)Hot _________ the night air was, we slept deeply
2. when和while可作并列连词。when表示“在那时, 此时突然”; while表示“然而, 而”, 表对比或转折关系。并列连词when常用于以 下句型中: ①. . . was/were doing. . . when. . . (……正在做……突然……) ②. . . was/were about to do. . . when. . . (……刚要做……突然……) ③. . . was/were on the point of doing. . . when. . . (……刚要做……突 然……)
as/though because we were so tired after the long journey.
考点2 时间状语从句 ★★★★ (1)when指的是“某一具体的时间”, 从句中谓语动词是延续性或非延 续性的。 *When I came into the room, he was writing a letter. 当我走进房间时, 他正在写信。 (2)whenever指的是“在任何一个不具体的时间”。 *You can ask for help whenever you need it. 你如果需要帮助请随时提出来。
(7)till/until: 如果主句动 词是延续性 动词 , 常用肯定式, 表示“直 到……为止”; 如果主句动词是瞬间性动词, 要用否定式, 表示“直 到……才”“在……以前不”, 从句放在句首表示强调, 一般用until。 *If a lot of people say a film is not good, I won’t bother to see it, or I’ll wait until it comes out on DVD. 如果许多人都说一部电影不好的话, 我不会费心去观看, 或者我将一直 等到DVD版本的电影出版。
要用倒装结构; even though相当于even if, 意为“尽管, 虽然”, 引导
让步状语从句。根据the forest park is far away是正常语序, 并未用倒
装结构可知, even though符合句意和语法结构。注意首字母应大写。
【高考集训】 用适当的连词填空 1. (2013·辽宁高考)One can always manage to do more things, no matter ____ full one’s schedule is in life. 2. (2013h·天ow津高考)________________ small, the company has about 1, 000 buyers in oveArl3th0ocuoguhn/tTrhieosu. gh 3. (2013·四川高考)He is so busy. He cannot afford enough time with his son ______he wants to.
or
3. (2014·湖北高考)Seeing the big crowd coming towards him, he
started to run down the hill, but slipped _a_n_d_ went down on his hands and knees in the melting snow.
(2)even if和even though的意思为“即使, 纵使”, 有退一步设想的意 味, 多用于书面语中。 *The engineers are so busy that they have zero time for outdoor sports activities, even if they have the interest. 工程师们非常繁忙, 即使有户 外体育活动的兴趣也没有时间去做。
【高考集训】 用适当的连词填空 1. (2014·广东高考)We were told that our rooms hadn’t been reserved for that week, ___ for the week after. 2. (2014·新课标b全ut国卷Ⅰ)But the river wasn’t changed in a few days __ even a few months.
(5)before意为“在……之前, 在……之后才, 不等……就”。 *The girl had hardly rung the bell before the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her. 女孩还没来得及按门 铃, 门就突然打开了。她的朋友跑出来迎接她。 (6)after意为“在……之后”。 *Several years after they’d split up they met again by chance in Beijing. 他们分手几年以后在北京又偶然相遇。
want to spend all day with her.
but
状语从句 考点1 让步状语从句 ★★★★★ (1)though/although: 在句子中一般用了“虽然(though/although)”就不 能再用“但是(but)”, 但可以与yet或still连用; though与although意义 相同, 用法基本一样, 前者通俗, 口语化, 后者正式, 多放在主句的前面。 *Frank insisted that he was not asleep although I had great difficulty in waking him up. 尽管我费了好大劲才叫醒弗兰克, 但是他坚持说没有睡着。
(3)as引导的让步状语从句多用于书面语, 从句常放在句首, 语序部分 倒装。被倒装的部分可以是表语、状语或动词原形。若表语是单数可 数名词, 则该名词提前时, 省去其前的冠词。 *Try as she might, Sue couldn’t get the door open. 尽管苏尽力了, 但她没能把门打开。
(8)since引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时, 谓语通常是短暂性动词, 主句用现在完成时。 *I have been teaching here since I left college. 自从我大学毕业后, 我就一直在此教学。
4. (2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)There’s no way of knowing why one man
makes an important discovery _____ another man, also intelligent,
fails.
while
5. (2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)I was glad to meet Jenny again, ___ I didn’t
④. . . had just done. . . when. . . (……刚/一……就……) The children were running to move the bag of rice when they heard the sound of a motorbike. He is strong while his brother is weak.