广东省天河区2016届高考英语二轮复习 语法精讲精炼 形容词和副词01
广东省天河区2016届高考英语二轮复习语法精讲精炼形容词和副词04
形容词和副词精讲精炼0450. M ike was usually so careful, ______this time he made a small mistake.A. yetB. stillC. evenD. thus【考点】副词www.【答案】A【解析】根据句意：麦克通常很认真的，然而（yet）这次他犯了个小错误。
Still仍旧；even 甚至；thus因此，均不符合语境，故排除。
51. The research lacks evidence, and therefore, its conclusions are doubtful.A. solidB. fierceC. severeD. potential【考点】形容词词义辨析【答案】A【解析】根据句意：研究缺乏实证（solid evidence），因此所得出的结论还有待考证。
fierce 激烈的；severe严重的；potential，有潜力的，均不符合语境，故排除。
52. “Perhaps we need to send for Dr. Smith to see what we can do about it,” Fathersuggested ________ to his neighbor who had come to discuss the problem.A. tentativelyB. thoughtlesslyC. definitelyD.rudely【答案】 A【考点】考查副词辨析。
难度中等。
【解析】句意为：“看来我们要请史密斯先生来看看我们对此如何处理”，父亲对到此讨论此问题的邻居试探性地说。
A项“试探性地”，符合语境。
B项意为“欠考虑地”，C项意为“明确地”，D项意为“粗鲁地”，都与语境不符。
53. Can you tell the ________ difference between the words “require” and “request”?I sometimes get puzzled by their meanings.A. dramaticB. regionalC. apparentD. subtle【答案】 D【考点】考查形容词辨析。
广东省天河区2016届高考英语二轮复习语法精讲精炼主谓一致02
主谓一致精讲精炼025.名词化的形容词作主语如果主语由“the+形容词（或过去分词）”结构担任时，谓语通常用复数，这类词有the brave，the poor，the rich，the blind，the young，the old，the sick，the dead，the deaf and dumb，the oppressed，the injured，the wounded，the unemployed等；但也有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别，则用单数。
如：The blind study in special schools.盲人在特殊的学校学习。
这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时，就要与名词man，person或表示人的单数名词连用，如：an old man，a rich person，the(a)wounded soldier。
6.从句作主语1) 由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式，如：What we need is more time.我们所需要的是更多的时间。
What we need are doctors.我们所需要的是医生。
2) 在“one of+复数名词+who/that/which”引导的从句结构中，关系代词who/that/which 的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one，因此，从句中的动词应该是复数形式。
如：这是讲过的最有趣的故事之一。
但是当one之前有the only等修饰语时，关系代词的先行词是one，而不是靠近它的复数名词，因此从句的动词应是单数形式。
如：She was the only one of the girls who was late.她是惟一一位迟到的女生。
【考点诠释】主谓一致主谓一致就是指谓语动词在人称和数上必须和主语保持一致。
中学生在主谓一致问题的理解上与汉语的思维存在偏差，容易被忽略。
广东省天河区届高考英语二轮复习 语法精讲精炼 阅读理解-课件
阅读理解精讲精炼026.For six hours we shot through the landscape of the Karoo desert in South Africa. Just rocks and sand and baking sun. Knowing our journey was ending, Daniel and I just wanted toremember all we had seen and done. He used a camera. I used words. I had already finished threenotebooks and was into the fourth, a beautiful leather notebook I'd bought in a market inMozambique.Southern Africa was full of stories. And visions. We were almost drunk on sensations. The roaring of the water at Victoria Falls, the impossible silence of the Okavango Delta in Botswana. And then the other things: dogs in the streets, whole families in Soweto living in one room, a kilometre from clean water.As we drove towards the setting sun, a quietness fell over us. The road was empty -- wehadn't seen another car for hours. And as I drove, something caught my eye, something movingnext to me. I glanced in the mirror of the car; I glanced sideways to the right, and that was when I saw them. Next to us, by the side of the road, thirty, forty wild horses were racing the car, a cloud of dust rising behind them -- brown, muscular horses almost close enough to touch them, to smell their hot breath. I didn't know how long they had been there next to us.I shouted to Dan: "Look!", but he was in a deep sleep, his camera lying useless by his feet.They raced the car for a few seconds, then disappeared far behind us, a memory of heroic forms in the red landscape. When Daniel woke up an hour later I told him what had happened."Wild horses?" he said. "Why didn't you wake me up?""I tried. But they were gone after a few seconds.""Are you sure you didn't dream it?""You were the one who was sleeping!"'Typical, he said. "The best photos are the ones we never take."We checked into a dusty hotel and slept the sleep of the dead.1. During their journey in Africa, the two travelers________A. made friends with local residentsB. complained about the poor living conditionsC. enjoyed the sunset in the Karoo desert mostD. recorded their experiences in different ways2. What does the phrase "heroic forms" in Paragraph 4 refer to?A. Racing cars.B. Wild horses.C. Eye-catching locals.D. Running dogs.3. What did Daniel think when he woke up and was told what had happened?A. He always missed out on the best thing.B. He had already taken beautiful pictures.C. A sound sleep was more important.D. The next trip would be better.4. What is 'the passage mainly about?A. How to view wildlife in Africa.B. Running into wildlife in Africa.C. Tourist attractions in southern Africa.D. Possible dangers of travelling in the desert.1.D考查细节理解。
广东省天河区2016届高考英语二轮复习语法精讲精炼冠词01
冠词01●核心考核要点解读冠词是历年来的考查重点,着重考查以下几个方面：（1）冠词的基本用法,即泛指、类指和特指,如泛指的复数名词和不可数名词前不用冠词、the＋单数名词表示类指等;（2）冠词的活用,如the younger of the two表示“两个之中较年轻的一个”;（3）冠词的习惯搭配,如in danger, on the phone等。
2015年高考在单项填空中对冠词进行了考查,其他试卷也在短文改错、完形填空或阅读理解中作了隐性考查。
因而可以预言,在来年的高考试题中,冠词仍将是考查的热点。
●重要知识要点突破冠词是一种虚词，无词义，也没有数和格的变化，不能独立使用，常常放在名词前，帮助说明这个名词的意义。
复习冠词须把握好以下三个原则：其一：单数可数名词用不定冠词a/an表示泛指；其二：复数可数名词及不可数名词表示泛指时，其前不加冠词；其三：无论可数名词还是不可数名词，表示特指其前都要加定冠词the。
一、不定冠词的用法1.不定冠词表示数量“一”，与one相近。
如：I will finish this work in a day.我一天就要完成这项工作。
2.不定冠词用在首次提到的人或物之前，表示泛指。
如：There is a park on the corner of the street.在这条街的拐角处有个公园。
3.不定冠词用在单数可数名词前，表示一类人或事物。
如：A teacher must love his students.教师必须热爱学生。
4.不定冠词表示单位，有“每一”之意。
如：This cloth is 5 yuan a metre. 这种布料5元一米。
5.不定冠词用在物质名词、抽象名词之前，表示“一阵，异常，一种……”等等，也可以表示引起某种情绪的事，即抽象名词具体化使用。
如：Honesty is a virtue. 诚实是一种美德。
It’s a pity that you missed this chance.你错过这次机会是件很遗憾的事。
高考英语复习语法专题精讲精练形容词和副词(含练习习题及解析)
高考英语复习语法专题精讲精练形容词和副词（含练习习题及解析）一、形容词和副词的构成1.合成形容词的构成单个形容词的构成比较复杂，考生要熟记常见的形容词的后缀（如：-able,-al,-en,-ful,-ish,-ous -y,-ly等等）。
而合成形容词是有规律可循的。
规则例词规则例词形容词+名词-ed kind-hearted 名词+形容词world-famous形容词+形容词dark-blue 名词+现在分词peace-loving形容词+现在分词ordinary-looking 名词+过去分词snow-covered形容词（副词）+形容词wide-awake 名词+（普通）名词English-language 副词+现在分词hard-working 数词+名词-ed three-egged副词+过去分词newly-built 数词+名词twenty-year2.副词的构成规则例词在形容词后加“ly”entirely curiously exactly fortunately attentively immediately将形容词的词尾“le”变“ly”comfortable—comfortably gentle—gently possible—possibly probable—probably词尾“y”变“i+ly”busy—busily easy—easily heavy—heavily angry—angrilyhungry—hungrily lucky—luckily happy—happily特殊词true—truly二、形容词和副词的功能1.形容词的功能功能举例定语He has never seen such a more interesting film.他从来没有看过这么有趣的电影。
表语I’m fine, but tired.我身体很好，但很累。
The weather is getting warmer and warmer.天气变得越来越暖和。
广东省天河区重点高中2016届高考英语 单项填空专题训练 形容词与副词01课件
【解析】 C 考查副词辨析。根据句意“这两个星期以 来我不时地写写这个报告，但明天一定要交了”可知， occasionally表示“偶尔地，不时地”，符合此句意。finally 表示“最后”；immediately表示“立刻，马上”；certainly 表示“当然”。
│ 新题预测
新题预测
（ ）1.Leave it to me! I feel much more ________ of
B．a more pleasant
C．a most pleasant D．the most pleasant
【解析】 B 考查形容词的比较等级。句意为：“最近 去四川的旅行，你感觉怎么样？”“我从未有过比这更愉快 的旅行了。”此处否定词never与形容词比较级more pleasant 一起连用实际上是表达了一个最高级的意思，言下之意： “这是我所经历过的最愉快的旅行。”
│ 真题典例
（ ）10.I've been writing this report ________ for
the last two weeks, but it has to be handed in tomorrow.
A．finally
B．immediately
C. occasionally
D．certainly
│ 真题典例
（ ）7.The professor could tell by the ________look
in Maria's eyes that she didn't understand a single word of his
lecture.
A．cold
B．blank
C．innocent D．fresh
广东省天河区2016届高考英语二轮复习语法精讲精炼it用法02
it用法精讲精炼02【考点诠释】考点 it的用法在英语中，运用it的场合较多。
从它在句中的作用和意义来看，it的用法可分为三类：1．指代作用(1)用作人称代词，代替前文或后文所提到的同一事物(单数可数名词或不可数名词)。
如：Although we cannot see it，there is air all around us．虽然我们看不见空气，但它却在我们的周围。
(2)代替前面的整个句子。
如：It is said that he has died of a disease，but it isn’t true．据说他已经病死了，但这不是真的。
(3)用在答语中代替指示代词this，that。
如：一What is this?这是什么?一It’s a bike．是自行车。
(4)代替不能或没有必要区分性别的或某些习惯说法中的人。
如：①The baby cried because it Was hungry．婴儿哭是因为饿了。
(婴儿习惯上不区分性别)②一Who is knocking at the door?谁在敲门?一It’s me．是我o(5)指环境、情形等。
如：①I can’t stand it any longer．我再也不能容忍这种情况了。
②Take it easy．别紧张。
③It doesn’t matter．没关系。
(6)指度量衡单位、时间、距离、季节、天气及自然现象。
如：①It’s getting colder and colder now．现在越来越冷了。
②It is winter now．现在是冬天了。
2．形式作用(1)形式主语当动词不定式、v.ing形式或从句作主语时，通常把它们放在谓语之后，而用it作句子的形式主语。
如：(I)It’s no use crying over spilt milk．[谚]覆水难收。
②It takes three generations to make a gentleman．[谚]十年树木，百年树人。
广东省天河区2016届高考英语二轮复习语法精讲精炼完形填空01
完形填空精讲精炼011.Last year, I lost my best friend in high school. It seemed that everyone else’s life could just continue on in its 1 way, but mine couldn't. I wasn't sure how I was going to be able to face 2 and their gossip at school. I was forced to 3 my routine on Monday morning as usual. In the evening I returned home from school 4 completely defeated. All I wanted to do was 5 into bed and wallow(沉迷于)in my own self-pity. I pulled back the covers on my bed and 6 a pile of cards left by my dad. Each card included a(n) 7 that it was to be opened on a 8 night that week.I made it through that week 9 my father. Each card 10 to say just what I needed to hear. Tuesday’s card said, “The past is painful to think about and the 11 is impossible to imagine. Don't try. Just take it one minute at a time.” On Wednesday my mood 12 when I read, “What you are feeling now is 13 and normal. It still feels very bad, but it is part of the healing 14 .” Friday’s card contained a poem he wrote. The la st lines made me smile through my tears. “Whatever special 15 you face along life’s way, may you 16 that you will find the best in every day.”I was instructed to open the last card 17 the party I went to on Saturday night. In it he wisely reminded me to 18 . “The world isn't so bad after a good laugh. The more you laugh, the more you heal.” Each card was signed, “Love, Dad.”My world once collapsed but I 19 the difficult breakup eventually. It owed to my dad , who made his 20 known when he couldn't be present.1. A. pleasant B. strange C. funny D. normal2. A. everyone B. anyone C. someone D. nobody3. A. work out B. meet with C. deal with D. come across4. A. making B. feeling C. regarding D.considering5.A. crawl B. push C. jump D. draw6.A. invented B. discovered C. created D. wrote7.A. instruction B. explanation C. presentation D. information8.A. regular B. flexible C. particular D. legal9.A.in favor of B. regardless of C. in search of D. because of10.A. seemed B. happened C. occurred D. intended11.A.life B. future C. dream D. result12.A. fell B. passed C. flied D. lifted13.A. false B. honest C natural D. innocent14.A. content B. process C. cure D. progress15.A.destruction B. competition C. challenges D. destination16.A. trust B. guess C. predict D. succeed17.A. before B. since C. after D. till18.A. cry B. scream C. sing D. laugh19.A.got through B. looked through C. broke through D. put through20.A. schedule B. concept C. soul D. confidence【答案与解析】最好的朋友的离去让作者情不能已，久久无法脱心灵的阴影。
广东省天河区2016届高考英语二轮复习语法精讲精炼名词性从句02
名词性从句精讲精炼02【考点诠释】考点1 主语从句引导主语从句的连接词主要有三类：连接词that，whether；连接代词what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever等；连接副词when，where，why，how等。
1．连接词that，whether引导①That the college wiU take in more new students this year is true．今年这所大学将招收更多新生是真的。
②Whether he can finish his task on time is of great importance．他是否能按时完成任务非常重要。
特别提示(1)if不能引导主语从句。
(2)形式主语it替代主语从句。
常见的it替代主语从句的句式主要有以下几种：A．It+系动词+形容词+that从句。
如：It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure．很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。
B．It+系动词+名词+that从句。
如：It is our hope that the two sides will work towards peace．我们的希望是双方能朝着和平的方向发展。
C．It+be+v．ed形式+that从句。
如：It is announced that the plan has been successfully carried out．据宣布计划已经顺利实施。
2．连接代词引导①What we can’t get seems better than what we already have．我们得不到的东西似乎比我们拥有的东西好。
②who the letter was from is still unknown．这封信是谁寄出的还不清楚。
③Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize．你们当中第一个到达这里的人将获得奖项。
广东省天河区2016届高考英语二轮复习语法精讲精炼短文改错02
短文改错精讲精炼026.On Saturday afternoon, Li Hua and Wang Ping, members from “Green Eyes”, was having anenvironmental protection activity near the riverside when they catch sight of a bird on the ground. Theypicked it out and found it wounded. Thinking it should die without timely help, they took it home. Undertheir treatment and care, the lucky bird got recovered soon. When time came for them to fly the bird, theyfelt a bit of pity but very delightful I think it’s worthwhile for him to do such a thing. Here I call on thepublic to show respects for the nature. Only by changing the way which we treat the environment can weget along well with it.【答案】On Saturday afternoon, Li Hua and Wang Ping, members from “Green Eyes”, was having anwere environmental protection activity near the riverside when they catch sight of a bird on the ground. Theycaughtpicked it out and found it wounded. Thinking it should die without timely help, theytook it home. Underup might/couldtheir treatment and care, the lucky bird got recovered soon. When time came for them to fly the bird, theyfelt a bit of pity but very delightful I think it’s worthwhile for him to do such a thing. Here I call on the去掉of delighted thempublic to show respects for the nature. Only by changing the way which we treat the environment can we去掉the in which/ that/去掉get along well with it.7.Our English teacher is a middle-aged woman，who had been teaching English for more than 20 years．She is always working hard．For a model teacher for many years，she is kind and friendly to us and very strict with us. In class，she always encourages us speak and read English as much as possible． She is quite good at teaching and try to make her lessons live and interesting．In her spare She In time，she often teaches us English song and helps us to put on English short plays．She loves us so 10 much as she is always ready to help us．In the fact，she is not only our good teacher but also our good friend．We all respect and love him．Our English teacher is a middle-aged woman, who had been teaching English for m o r e t h a n has20 years. She is always working hard. For a model teacher for many years, she is kinda n d f r i e n d l y As / Beingto us and v ery strict with us. In class, she always encourages us ∧ speak and readE n g l i s h a s but tomuch as possible. She is quite good at teaching and try to make her lessons live andi n t e r e s t i n g.I ntries livelyher spare time, she often teaches us English song and helps us to put on English shortp l a y s.S h e songs loves us so much as she is always ready to help us. In the fact, she is not only our good teacher butthat (删除as亦可)also our good friend. We all respect and love him.her8.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。
2016届广东天河区重点高中高考英语专题训练课件形容词与副词02
专题四 │ 真题典例
（ ）4.—The film is, I have to say, not a bit interesting. —Why? It’s ________ than the films I have ever seen. A．far more interesting B．much less interesting C．no more interesting D．any less interesting 【解析】 A 句意：“这部电影一点趣也没有。”“为什么 ？我觉得它比我之前看的任何电影有趣多了。”考查形容词比 较级。程度副词可修饰形容词比较级，放于比较级前。 根据 Why？对上句的反问，可知这部电影比“我”之前看的任何电影 都有趣多了。故选A。
专题四 │ 真题典例
（ ）5.The house was too expensive and too big.________， I’d grown fond of our little rented house. A．Besides B．Therefore C．Somehow D．Otherwise 【解析】 A 句意： 这个房子太贵太大。……，我已经很 喜欢我的小的租用房了。考查副词的用法。根据前后句判断出 为并列关系。besides 此外，表并列；therefore 因此，表因果 ；somehow 无论如何，表转折；otherwise 除此之外，表转折 。选A。
形容词与副词02
专题导读 分析2014、2015两年的高考试题，我们发现对形容词与副 词的考查有逐年上升的趋势。形容词的考查主要有以下几方面 ： 1．词义辨析 在形容词的试题中，我们发现词义辨析题占了多数。这些选项 的形容词意义区别比较大，不是过去那种汉语意义相同的形容 词之间的辨析。 2．形容词比较级与最高级 依据情景考查形容词的各种比较等级的用法是近几年高考试 题的特点。 3．形容词短语的搭配
广东省天河区高考英语二轮复习语法精讲精炼形容词和副
形容词和副词精讲精炼0595.Playing on a frozen sports field sounds like a lot of fun. Isn’t it rather risky, ____?A. thoughB. alsoC. eitherD. too〖答案〗A〖考点〗本题考查副词辨析。
〖解析〗根据句意：在冰场上玩耍听起来很有趣。
然会不会有危险呢？前后两句之前是明显的转折关系, 所以选择though。
96.Do you think it's a good idea to make friends with your students?-- , I do. I think it's a great idea.A. ReallyB. ObviouslyC. ActuallyD. Generally〖答案〗C〖考点〗〖解析〗97.It seems that living green is easy and affordable. A small step masksa big difference.A. exactlyB. fortunatelyC. surprisinglyD. hardly〖答案〗C〖考点〗考查副词。
〖解析〗exactly：准确地；fortunately：幸运地；surprisingly：惊讶地, 出乎意料地；hardly：几乎不。
题干意思是：似乎保护环境是出乎意料的简单可行, 小小的行动能带来很大的不同。
选C。
98.As there is less and less coal and oil, scientists are exploring new ways of making use of ______ energy, such as sunlight, wind and water for power and fuel.A. primaryB. alternativeC. instantD. unique〖答案〗B〖考点〗考查形容词。
《原创》广东省天河区2016届高考英语语法二轮复习状语从句精讲精炼01Word版含答案
状语从句精讲精炼01●核心考核要点解读状语从句又称为副词性从句，包括时间状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、让步状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、方式状语从句等。
要求考生要充分理解和掌握状语从句的用法。
考查的重点集中在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句和目的状语从句。
试题的设置呈现综合性和交叉性，往往与定语从句和名词性从句结合起来考查，尤其对于不同性质的连词，要注意其在不同的语境中所表示的不同意义，例如as既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导原因状语从句和让步状语从句。
所以正确地把握题干的语境意义和上下文的逻辑关系，是做好状语从句试题的关键所在。
同时我们也要善于区分容易混淆的近似连词的用法。
由此可见，对状语从句的考查在将来的高考中仍是重头戏。
因此，在平常的学习中，理解、区分、掌握引导状语从句的关联词，搞清主从句的语意及逻辑关系，是做好状语从句题的关键所在。
●重要知识要点突破定义：用来充当状语的句子称为状语从句。
功能：它主要用于修饰句子中的谓语动词、形容词或副词等，有时修饰整个句子。
位置：状语从句的位置较活：可以放在主句之前，用逗号与主句隔开；也可以放在主句之后，一般不用逗号。
由于它是从各个方面来修饰、说明谓语动词发生时的各种情况，所以常见的状语从句有九种之多。
各种不同的状语从句所使用的关系词也各不相同。
一、时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的从属连词有很多，现将分类用法如下：1.从属连词when，while与as连词用法谓语动词意义例句whe n从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生。
可以指时间的某个点，也指一延续性动词非延续性动词当……时候When they heard thenews，they all jumpedwith joy.I owed Jack $ 100段时间。
when I was in London.as 从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生。
可以指时间的某个点，也指一段时间。
广东省广州市天河中学高三英语二轮复习形容词与副词---精品解析Word版
高考专题形容词与副词一．My good performance in the job interview left me about my future and about what I can do here.A. puzzledB. sensitiveC. optimisticD. embarrassed【考点】考察形容词词义辨析【答案】C【解析】形容词puzzled困惑的；sensitive敏感的；optimistic乐观的；embarrassed 尴尬的；句义：在工作面试中良好表现让我对自己的未来和在这里能够做的事情很乐观。
根据My good performance in the job interview表现良好，说明我对自己未来很有信心，故C正确。
二．It's our hope that we will play a greater role in the market place and, ,supply more jobs.A. howeverB. anywhereC. thereforeD. otherwise【考点】考察副词词义辨析【答案】C【解析】副词however然而；anywhere无论何处；therefore因此；otherwise否则，要不然；另外一方面；句义：在市场上起着更重要的作用是我们的希望，因此通过更多的工作。
我们要想在市场上起着更重要的作用是通过提供更多的工作实现的。
上下文之间是因果关系。
故C正确。
【举一反三】The businessperson wanted to sell his goods fast: ______, he chose his partner with great care.A. andB. otherwiseC. howeverD. therefore【答案】D【解析】试题分析：and属于并列连词，后面要直接加并列成分，不要有逗号。
广东省天河区2016届高考英语二轮复习语法精讲精炼it用法01
it用法精讲精炼01●核心考核要点解读在高考中it一直是考查的重点，尤其是it, that 和one不同的指代功能。
试题注重情景的设置，需要利用特点语言环境中上下文的联系，正确分析结构，理解句意是做此类题目的关键。
命题的热点集中于以下几个方面: .1. it/that/one用法区别（it主要指代前面提到的同一物；one用来指代前面出现的单数名词，相当于a/an+单数名词，表泛指概念，往往是同类而同一物；that用来替代前面出现的特指的单数可数名词或特指的不可数名词，相当于the＋单数/不可数名词）2. it用在某些动词后,如:enjoy,like,,dislike,resent,hate,don’t mind,be fond of,feel like,see to 之后, 即这些动词后面的宾语从句前要加it代替其后的从句3. 用于强调句或固定句型（it is/was …when/since/before…）中.4. 作形式宾语或形式主语（主要代替ving,to do或从句）5. 考查it 构成的习语，it也常表示抽象的情况,属于虚指. 如:Take it easy.●重要知识要点突破It的用法（一）作人称代词1、it代替前面（或后面）的单数名词或分句等所表示的事物。
e.g. You cannot eat your cake but have it.（it代替前面的cake）Although we cannot see it, there is air all around us. （it代替后面的air）They say he has left town, but I don’t believe it.（it代替前面They…town 分句中的情况）2、代替有生命但不能或不必分阴阳性的东西（包括婴儿）。
e.g. Yesterday we saw a big tree. It was fully twenty metres high. （it代替前面的tree）The baby cried because it was hungry. （it代替前面的baby）3、在某些习惯说法中，可以代替人。
广东省天河区2016届高考英语二轮复习语法精讲精炼名词01
名词01●核心考核要点解读名词的用法很多,尤其是名词的单复数,是中学生容易忽略的一点,所以高考的短文改错题中经常出现名词单复数和主谓一致的改错。
随着高考题的演变,对名词的单纯考查有所减少,试题多变为在完形填空或短文改错中进行的隐性考查。
研究近年来高考题我们不难看出，名词部分主要考察名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配、名词的数（可数与不可数、单数与复数）、名词的所有格、抽象名词的具体化、物质名词的量化、名词和冠词的搭配以及主谓一致等。
在高考试题中，名词常结合其他项目一起考察，考察题型以单项选择、短文改错、完形填空、语篇中的名词词义理解及单词拼写等。
●重要知识要点突破一、名词的种类名词是所有事物的名称，包括人、物及抽象概念。
名词分为普通名词和专有名词两大类。
1.普通名词普通名词是某类人、事件、物体和抽象概念的名称。
根据其所指代物体的特征，普通名词又可分为以下四类：（1）个体名词表示人或物体中可以数清的单个体。
如：student（学生），pen（钢笔），bird（鸟）等。
（2）集体名词（即集合名词）表示由个体组成的集合体。
如：people（人民），police（警察），family（家庭）等。
（3）物质名词表示构成物体物质的不可数名词，或表示无法分为个体的物质的名词。
如：water（水），air（空气），wood（木头）等。
（4）抽象名词表示动作、状态、品质、情感等非具体化的抽象概念。
如：work（工作），peace（和平），love（爱）等。
2.专有名词专有名词是某些人、事物、机构、组织等特有的名称。
主要包括：人名、地名、国名、党派名称等。
如：Churchill（丘吉尔）、Tokyo（东京）、China（中国）、the Communist Party of China（中国共产党）等。
二、名词的性名词按其所表达的物体的自然性别可以分为四类。
1.阴性名词表示女性或雌性动物的名词。
如：woman（女人），hostess（女主人），cow（母牛）等。
《原创》广东省天河区2016届高考英语语法二轮复习名词性从句精讲精炼01Word版含答案
名词性从句精讲精炼01●核心考核要点解读近几年对名词性从句的考查趋于复杂灵活，往往把它与定语从句和状语从句的知识点放在一起考查，对名词性从句的考查主要有语序问题、时态的呼应问题和连接词的选择。
2011年全国卷及地方卷对名词性从句的考查占了较大比例，有18道考查到该部分，2012年考查的比例更大，有20道题考查了名词性从句的用法，可见对名词性从句的重视程度。
笔者认为，在单项选择题中，近几年题干语境越来越丰富，句子结构也越来越复杂，其中名词性从句所引起的句子结构的复杂化占了较大比例，命题人侧重于对复杂句子结构的考查，是因为能否分析复杂句子结构是掌握英语语言的重要能力之一，所以我们可以断言，以后的高考题对名词性从句的考查还会倍加青睐。
●重要知识要点突破一、在句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句，它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
如：Whether he will come here or not is unimportant to me.（主语从句）I don’t know what he means.（宾语从句）I’m glad that you are he re.（宾语从句用在形容词之后）The teacher is satisfied with what you have done.（介词宾语从句）That was because he was ill.（表语从句）The news that he got killed in the race surprised us all.（同位语从句）二、引导名词性从句的连接词连接词词义功能that 无词义不作成分，只起连接作用whether/if 是否不作成分，起连接作用what,which 什么，哪个作主语、宾语、表语who,whom,whose 谁，谁的作主语、宾语、定语作状语when,where,how,why 什么时候/地方，怎么样，为什么how many/much 多少作定语how soon/often/long/much 多久，多久一次，多长，多作状语么... ... 词义及功能同疑问词whatever=anything that 无论什么作主语、宾语、表语、定语whosever=anyone whose 无论谁的作主语、宾语、定语、表语whichever=anything that 无论哪个作宾语、定语、主语、表语whoever=anyone who 无论谁作主语whomever=anyone whom 无论谁作宾语1.that引导的从句如果作介词宾语只可用在except，in，but，besides等少数介词后。
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形容词和副词精讲精炼01●核心考核要点解读高考试题中形容词的形式变化灵活，如有原级、比较级和最高级等，而且用法比较复杂。
预测今后高考中对于形容词的考查应注意以下几点：形容词的辨析，形容词的原级、比较级和最高级，以及一些特别重要的固定句型结构，同时要注意多个形容词修饰名词时的排列顺序等等。
一般来说，副词是英语中比较复杂的一类词，它数量多、近义词多、用法复杂，而且副词的位置在句子中也是多变的。
高考中对于副词的考查不是单纯地进行语法要点的考查，而是要通过具体的语境来进行分析和判断。
预测今后高考对于副词的考查主要会出现在：副词的近义词的辨析；关于副词的原级、比较级和最高级的句型；同根不同形的副词；常考副词的辨析；比较级前的修饰语等等。
●重要知识要点突破形容词一、形容词的作用与功能形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。
在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语等。
1.作定语形容词在句中的主要用途是作定语。
In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the states.你在信中询问不同地区的时间问题。
2.作表语I’m fine，but tired.我身体很好，但很累。
注意：有些形容词通常作表语，常见的有well，ill(生病)以及a开头的部分形容词，如 afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake等。
Even when you are asleep you are using energy. 即使你睡着了，你仍然在消耗能量。
I hope you weren’t ill.You don’t look very well. 但愿你没病，不过你的脸色不太好。
3.作主语补足语The fish was caught alive.这条鱼是活抓的。
4.作宾语补足语Now you have to pull it to make the surface smooth like that.现在你必须拉动它以使表面像这样的光滑。
5.作状语A woman was lying in bed，awake，listening to the rushing winds.一位妇女正躺在床上，没睡，听着风声。
二、形容词的位置1.形容词作定语通常放在它所修饰的名词前面an intelligent boy一个聪明的男孩a pair of beautiful little riding boots一双漂亮的小马靴2.在下列情况下形容词要放在后面1）形容词作定语修饰some，any，every，no和body，thing，one等构成的复合不定代词时需后置。
There is nobody absent today.今天没有人缺席。
I want to tell you something important. 我想告诉你一些重要的事情。
2）以-able或-ible结尾的形容词可置于前面有最高级形容词或only等词的名词之后。
This is the best book available.这是最好的一本书。
That is the only solution possible. 那是惟一可行的解决办法。
3）以前缀a-开头的某些形容词，如：alike，alive，afraid，awake，aware，asleep等，可置于only等词修饰的名词之后。
He was the only person awake at the moment.他是那时惟一醒着的人。
4）和空间、时间单位合用时。
two months ago两个月以前a ruler twelve inches long 12英寸长的尺子5）形容词enough一般需后置，但也可以前置。
I have money enough.我的钱够了。
=I have enough money. 我有足够的钱。
6）成对的形容词可以后置There was a huge room simple and beautiful.有一个大房间，简朴而美观。
She has many pencils，blue and red. 她有许多铅笔，有蓝的，有红的。
7）形容词短语一般需后置，往往相当于定语从句。
We need a place twice larger than this one. 我们需要一个两倍这么大的地方。
A man so difficult to please must be hard to work with.一个如此难以取悦的人一定不好共事。
（也可说so difficult a man to please...）3.某些形容词作前置定语和后置定语的区别英语中有些形容词既可作前置定语，也可作后置定语，但意义不同。
常作后置定语的形容词有absent，concerned，elect，involved，present，proper，responsible等。
the absent professor心不在焉的教授the professor absent没参会的教授the responsible government可依赖的政府the government responsible应负责的政府4.多个形容词作定语修饰一个名词时的排列顺序如果两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时，与被修饰的名词关系较密切的形容词靠近名词；如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多，则音节少的形容词在前，音节多的在后。
如：a small wonderful gift。
有一个顺口溜形象地描述了常用的顺序：“县官行令宴国材”相关记忆链：县官发布命令，表扬国家栋梁之材。
县官，谐音：限定词all,any，one等及冠词。
行，谐音：形状、大小、长短、高低、方圆。
令，谐音：年龄、新旧、年老、年轻，old，yong，new等。
宴，谐音：颜色，red，yellow，green等。
国：某国家的，国籍的。
材：材料，wooden，iron，feather等。
限定词（these，those...）+数量形容词（three）+描绘性形容词（beautiful+大小、长短、高低等形体性形容词（large，long，high）+新旧（old）+颜色（red）+国籍（Chinese）+材料（wooden）+用途(writing)+被修饰名词(desk)。
记住以上规则是必要的，但还应多阅读，多体会，增强语感是关键。
如：All these last few days最近的这些日子。
Some beautiful little red flowers一些美丽的小红花。
三、复合形容词1.数词+名词（单数）oncchild独生子女的 three-hour三小时的2.数词+名词（单数）+形容词three-year-old三周岁的six-inch-tall六英寸高的800-meter-long八百米长的3.数词+名词+edOne-handed一只手的ten-storeyed十层的two-footed四足的three-legged三条腿的4.形容词+(普通)名词full-time全日制的second-hand经营旧货的first-rate第一流的high-class高级的mid-term期中的5.形容词+名词+edkind-hearted好心的cold-blooded无情的、冷血的noble-minded高尚的warm-hearted热情的6.形容词（副词）+现在分词ugly-looking难看的common-looking相貌一般的hard-working勤劳的easy-going随和的ever-lasting永恒的slow-firing慢射的7.形容词（副词）+过去分词new-born新生的well-dressed衣冠楚楚的ready-made现成的well-known著名的deep-set深陷的near-sighted近视的8.形容词（副词）+形容词dark-red深红色的light-blue浅蓝色的all-round全面的wide-awake完全清醒的9.名词+现在分词life-saving救生的 mouth-watering令人垂涎的ocean-going远洋的peace-loving爱好和平的English-speaking讲英语的world-shaking震撼世界的10.名词+过去分词hand-made手工制的heart-broken令人心碎的11.名词+形容词ice-cold冰冷的life-long终生的world-famous世界著名的snow-white雪白的heart-long终生的12.名词+（普通）名词X-ray X光的English-language英语副词副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或其他结构。
一、副词的类别1.时间副词 now，then， today，tomorrow，ago，lately，soon，immediately，often， usually ，early2.地点副词outside，upstairs，anywhere，up，forward，here，there，away，in back，off3.方式副词 simply，quickly，happily，loudly，suddenly，luckily，again，once，easily，together4.程度副词very，quite，rather，extremely，completely，widely，partly，perfectly，badly，too5.疑问副词when，where，why，how6.关系副词when，where，why7.连接副词when，where，why，how8.其他surely，certainly，really，however，therefore，perhaps，moreover，yes，no二、副词的句法功能副词修饰动词、形容词或副词，说明动作或状态的特征。
1.作状语He worked hard all his life. (修饰动词)他一辈子工作卖力。
He plays tennis very badly (修饰副词)他网球打得相当糟糕。
2.作表语Sorry，Mr.Smith isn’t in.He is out. 抱歉，史密斯先生不在，他出去了。
3.作定语（通常后置）On our way home，we saw a traffic accident.在我们回家的路上，我们目睹了一起交通事故。
4.作宾语补足语I saw you out with Mr.White yesterday morning.昨天早上我看到你和史密斯先生出去了。