Financial Accounting(Intermediate)Ch7
financial-accounting-习题答案文档
Chapter. 11-1As in many ethics issues, there is no one right answer. The local newspaper reported on this issue in these terms: "The company covered up the first report, and the local newspaper uncovered the company's secret. The company was forced to not locate here (Collier County). It became patently clear that doing the least that is legally allowed is not enough."1-21. B2. B3. E4. F5. B6. F7. X 8. E 9. X 10. B1-3a. $96,500 ($25,000 + $71,500)b. $67,750 ($82,750 – $15,000)c. $19,500 ($37,000 – $17,500)1-4a. $275,000 ($475,000 – $200,000)b. $310,000 ($275,000 + $75,000 – $40,000)c. $233,000 ($275,000 – $15,000 – $27,000)d. $465,000 ($275,000 + $125,000 + $65,000)e. Net income: $45,000 ($425,000 – $105,000 – $275,000)1-5a. owner's equityb.liabilityc.assetd.assete.owner's equityf. asset 1-6a. Increases assets and increases owner’s equity.b. Increases assets and increases owner’s equity.c. Decreases assets and decreases owner’s equity.d. Increases assets and increases liabilities.e. Increases assets and decreases assets.1-71. increase2. decrease3.increase4. decrease1-8a. (1) Sale of catering services for cash, $25,000.(2) Purchase of land for cash, $10,000.(3) Payment of expenses, $16,000.(4) Purchase of supplies on account, $800.(5) Withdrawal of cash by owner, $2,000.(6) Payment of cash to creditors, $10,600.(7) Recognition of cost of supplies used, $1,400.b. $13,600 ($18,000 – $4,400)c. $5,600 ($64,100 – $58,500)d. $7,600 ($25,000 – $16,000 – $1,400)e. $5,600 ($7,600 – $2,000)1-9It would be incorrect to say that the business had incurred a net loss of $21,750. The excess of the withdrawals over the net income for the period is a decrease in the amount of owner’s equity in the business.1-10Balance sheet items: 1, 3, 4, 8, 9, 101-11Income statement items: 2, 5, 6, 71-12MADRAS COMPANYStatement of Owner’s EquityFor the Month Ended April 30, 2006Leo Perkins, capital, April 1, 2006 ............................. $297,200 Net income for the month ........................................... $73,000Less withdrawals ........................................................ 12,000Increase in owner’s equity ......................................... 61,000Leo Perkins, capital, April 30, 2006 ........................... $358,2001-13HERCULES SERVICESIncome StatementFor the Month Ended November 30, 2006Fees earned ................................................................. $232,120 Operating expenses:Wages expense ........................................................ $100,100Rent expense ........................................................... 35,000Supplies expense .................................................... 4,550Miscellaneous expense ........................................... 3,150Total operating expenses ................................... 142,800 Net income ................................................................... $ 89,3201-14Balance sheet: b, c, e, f, h, i, j, l, m, n, oIncome statement: a, d, g, k1-151. b–investing activity2.a–operating activity3. c–financing activity4.a–operating activity1-16a. 2003: $10,209 ($30,011 – $19,802)2002: $8,312 ($26,394 – $18,082)b. 2003: 0.52 ($10,209 ÷ $19,802)2002: 0.46 ($8,312 ÷ $18,082)c. T he ratio of liabilities to stockholders’ equity increased from 2002 to 2003,indicating an increase in risk for creditors. However, the assets of The Home Depot are more than sufficient to satisfy creditor claims. Chapter. 22-1AccountAccount NumberAccounts Payable 21Accounts Receivable 12Cash 11Corey Krum, Capital 31Corey Krum, Drawing 32Fees Earned 41Land 13Miscellaneous Expense 53Supplies Expense 52Wages Expense 512-2Balance Sheet Accounts Income Statement Accounts1. Assets11 Cash12 Accounts Receivable13 Supplies14 Prepaid Insurance15 Equipment2. Liabilities21 Accounts Payable22 Unearned Rent3. Owner's Equity31 Millard Fillmore, Capital32 Millard Fillmore, Drawing4. Revenue41 Fees Earned5. Expenses51 Wages Expense52 Rent Expense53 Supplies Expense59 Miscellaneous Expense2-3a. andb.Account Debited Account Credited Transaction Type Effect Type Effect(1) asset + owner's equity +(2) asset + asset –(3) asset + asset –liability +(4) expense + asset –(5) asset + revenue +(6) liability –asset –(7) asset + asset –(8) drawing + asset –(9) expense + asset –Ex. 2–4(1) Cash ...................................................................... 40,000Ira Janke, Capital ............................................ 40,000(2) Supplies ............................................................... 1,800Cash ................................................................ 1,800(3) Equipment ............................................................ 24,000Accounts Payable .......................................... 15,000Cash ................................................................ 9,000(4) Operating Expenses ............................................ 3,050Cash ................................................................ 3,050(5) Accounts Receivable .......................................... 12,000Service Revenue ............................................ 12,000(6) Accounts Payable ................................................ 7,500Cash ................................................................ 7,500(7) Cash ...................................................................... 9,500Accounts Receivable ..................................... 9,500(8) Ira Janke, Drawing ............................................... 5,000Cash ................................................................ 5,000(9) Operating Expenses ............................................ 1,050Supplies .......................................................... 1,050 2-51. debit and credit (c)2. debit and credit (c)3. debit and credit (c)4. credit only (b)5. debit only (a)6. debit only (a)7. debit only (a)2-6a. Liability—credit f. Revenue—creditb. Asset—debit g. Asset—debitc. Asset—debit h. Expense—debitd. Owner's equity i. Asset—debit(Cindy Yost, Capital)—credit j. Expense—debite. Owner's equity(Cindy Yost, Drawing)—debit2-7a. credit g. debitb. credit h. debitc. debit i. debitd. credit j. credite. debit k. debitf. credit l. credit2-8a. Debit (negative) balance of $1,500 ($10,500 – $4,000 – $8,000). Such anega tive balance means that the liabilities of Seth’s busine ssexceed the assets.b. Yes. The balance sheet prepared at December 31 will balance, withSeth Fite, Capital, being reported in the owner’s equity section as anegative $1,500.2-9a. The increase of $28,750 in the cash account does not indicateearnings of that amount. Earnings will represent the net change inall assets and liabilities from operating transactions.b. $7,550 ($36,300 – $28,750)2-10a. $40,550 ($7,850 + $41,850 – $9,150)b. $63,000 ($61,000 + $17,500 – $15,500)c. $20,800 ($40,500 – $57,700 + $38,000)2-112005Aug. 1 Rent Expense ....................................................... 1,500Cash ................................................................ 1,5002 Advertising Expense (700)Cash (700)4 Supplies ............................................................... 1,050Cash ................................................................ 1,0506 Office Equipment ................................................. 7,500Accounts Payable .......................................... 7,5008 Cash ...................................................................... 3,600Accounts Receivable ..................................... 3,60012 Accounts Payable ................................................ 1,150Cash ................................................................ 1,15020 Gayle McCall, Drawing ........................................ 1,000Cash ................................................................ 1,00025 Miscellaneous Expense (500)Cash (500)30 Utilities Expense (195)Cash (195)31 Accounts Receivable .......................................... 10,150Fees Earned .................................................... 10,15031 Utilities Expense (380)Cash (380)2-12a.JOURNAL Page 43Post.Date Description Ref. Debit Credit 2006Oct. 27 Supplies .................................................. 15 1,320Accounts Payable .............................. 21 1,320 Purchased supplies on account.b.,c.,d.Supplies 15Post.BalanceDate Item Ref. Dr. Cr. Dr. Cr. 2006Oct. 1 Balance ................................. ✓ ........... ........... 585 ...........27 ............................................... 43 1,320 ........... 1,905 ........... Accounts Payable 21 2006Oct. 1 Balance ................................. ✓ ........... ........... ........... 6,15027 ............................................... 43 ........... 1,320 ........... 7,4702-13Inequality of trial balance totals would be caused by errors described in(b) and (d).2-14ESCALADE CO.Trial BalanceDecember 31, 2006Cash ................................................................... 13,375Accounts Receivable ......................................................... 24,600Prepaid Insurance .............................................................. 8,000Equipment .......................................................................... 75,000Accounts Payable .............................................................. 11,180 Unearned Rent ................................................................... 4,250 Erin Capelli, Capital ........................................................... 82,420 Erin Capelli, Drawing ......................................................... 10,000Service Revenue ................................................................ 83,750 Wages Expense .................................................................. 42,000Advertising Expense ......................................................... 7,200 Miscellaneous Expense ..................................................... 1,425 181,600 181,6002-15a. Gerald Owen, Drawing ........................................ 15,000Wages Expense .............................................. 15,000b. Prepaid Rent ........................................................ 4,500Cash ................................................................ 4,500 2-16题目的资料不全, 答案略.2-17a. KMART CORPORATIONIncome StatementFor the Years Ending January 31, 2000 and 1999(in millions)Increase (Decrease)2000 1999 Amount Percent1. Sales .................................................. $ 37,028 $ 35,925 $ 1,103 3.1%2. Cost of sales ..................................... (29,658) (28,111) 1,547 5.5%3. Selling, general, and admin.expenses ........................................... (7,415) (6,514) 901 13.8%4. Operating income (loss)before taxes ...................................... $ (45) $ 1,300 $(1,345) (103.5%) b. The horizontal analysis of Kmart Corporation reveals deterioratingoperating results from 1999 to 2000. While sales increased by $1,103million, a 3.1% increase, cost of sales increased by $1,547 million, a5.5% increase. Selling, general, and administrative expenses alsoincreased by $901 million, a 13.8% increase. The end result was thatoperating income decreased by $1,345 million, over a 100%decrease, and created a $45 million loss in 2000. Little over a yearlater, Kmart filed for bankruptcy protection. It has now emerged frombankruptcy, hoping to return to profitability.3-11. Accrued expense (accrued liability)2. Deferred expense (prepaid expense)3. Deferred revenue (unearned revenue)4. Accrued revenue (accrued asset)5. Accrued expense (accrued liability)6. Accrued expense (accrued liability)7. Deferred expense (prepaid expense)8. Deferred revenue (unearned revenue)3-2Supplies Expense (801)Supplies (801)3-3$1,067 ($118 + $949)3-4a. Insurance expense (or expenses) will be understated. Net income willbe overstated.b. Prepaid insurance (or assets) will be overstated. Owner’s equity willbe overstated.3-5a.Insurance Expense ............................................................ 1,215Prepaid Insurance ............................................... 1,215 b.Insurance Expense ............................................................ 1,215Prepaid Insurance ............................................... 1,215 3-6Unearned Fees ...................................................................... 9,570Fees Earned ......................................................... 9,570 3-7a.Salary Expense .................................................................. 9,360Salaries Payable .................................................. 9,360 b.Salary Expense .................................................................. 12,480Salaries Payable .................................................. 12,480 3-8$59,850 ($63,000 – $3,150)3-9$195,816,000 ($128,776,000 + $67,040,000)3-10Error (a) Error (b)Over- Under- Over- Under-stated stated stated stated1. Revenue for the year would be ............... $ 0 $6,900 $ 0 $ 02. Expenses for the year would be ............. 0 0 0 3,7403. Net income for the year would be .......... 0 6,900 3,740 04. Assets at December 31 would be ........... 0 0 0 05. Liabilities at December 31 would be ...... 6,900 0 0 3,7406. Owner’s equity at December 31would be ................................................... 0 6,900 3,740 0 3-11$175,840 ($172,680 + $6,900 – $3,740)3-12a.Accounts Receivable ......................................................... 11,500Fees Earned ......................................................... 11,500 b. No. If the cash basis of accounting is used, revenues are recognizedonly when the cash is received. Therefore, earned but unbilledrevenues would not be recognized in the accounts, and no adjustingentry would be necessary.3-13a. Fees earned (or revenues) will be understated. Net income will beunderstated.b. Accounts (fees) receivable (or assets) will be understated. Owner’sequity will be understated.3-14Depreciation Expense .......................................................... 5,200Accumulated Depreciation ................................. 5,200 3-15a. $204,600 ($318,500 – $113,900)b. No. Depreciation is an allocation of the cost of the equipment to theperiods benefiting from its use. It does not necessarily relate to valueor loss of value.3-16a. $2,268,000,000 ($5,891,000,000 – $3,623,000,000)b. No. Depreciation is an allocation method, not a valuation method.That is, depreciation allocates the cost of a fixed asset over its usefullife. Depreciation does not attempt to measure market values, whichmay vary significantly from year to year.3-17a.Depreciation Expense ....................................................... 7,500Accumulated Depreciation ................................. 7,500 b. (1) Depreciation expense would be understated. Net income wouldbe overstated.(2) Accumulated depreciation would be understated, and total assetswould be overstated. Owner’s equity would be ove rstated.3-181.Accounts Receivable (4)Fees Earned (4)2.Supplies Expense (3)Supplies (3)3.Insurance Expense (8)Prepaid Insurance (8)4.Depreciation Expense (5)Accumulated Depreciation—Equipment (5)5.Wages Expense (1)Wages Payable (1)3-19a. Dell Computer CorporationAmount Percent Net sales $35,404,000 100.0Cost of goods sold (29,055,000) 82.1Operating expenses (3,505,000) 9.9Operating income (loss) $ 2,844,000 8.0b. Gateway Inc.Amount Percent Net sales $ 4,171,325 100.0Cost of goods sold (3,605,120) 86.4Operating expenses (1,077,447) 25.8Operating income (loss) $ (511,242) (12.2)c. Dell is more profitable than Gateway. Specifically, Dell’s cost ofg oods sold of 82.1% is significantly less (4.3%) than Gateway’s costof goods sold of 86.4%. In addition, Gateway’s operating expensesare over one-fourth of sales, while Dell’s operating expenses are9.9% of sales. The result is that Dell generates an operating incomeof 8.0% of sales, while Gateway generates a loss of 12.2% of sales.Obviously, Gateway must improve its operations if it is to remain inbusiness and remain competitive with Dell.4-1e, c, g, b, f, a, d4-2a. Income statement: 3, 8, 9b. Balance sheet: 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 104-3a. Asset: 1, 4, 5, 6, 10b. Liability: 9, 12c. Revenue: 2, 7d. Expense: 3, 8, 114-41. f2. c3. b4. h5. g6. j7. a8. i9. d10. e4–5ITHACA SERVICES CO.Work SheetFor the Year Ended January 31, 2006AdjustedTrial Balance Adjustments Trial Balance Account Title Dr. Cr. Dr. Cr. Dr. Cr.1Cash 8 8 1 2Accounts Receivable 50 (a) 7 57 2 3Supplies 8 (b) 5 3 3 4Prepaid Insurance 12 (c) 6 6 4 5Land 50 50 5 6Equipment 32 32 6 7Accum. Depr.—Equip. 2 (d) 5 7 7 8Accounts Payable 26 26 8 9Wages Payable 0 (e) 1 1 9 10Terry Dagley, Capital 112 112 10 11Terry Dagley, Drawing 8 8 11 12Fees Earned 60 (a) 7 67 12 13Wages Expense 16 (e) 1 17 13 14Rent Expense 8 8 1415Insurance Expense 0 (c) 6 6 15 16Utilities Expense 6 6 16 17Depreciation Expense 0 (d) 5 5 17 18Supplies Expense 0 (b) 5 5 18 19Miscellaneous Expense 2 2 19 20Totals 200 200 24 24 213 213 20 ContinueITHACA SERVICES CO.Work SheetFor the Year Ended January 31, 2006Adjusted Income BalanceTrial Balance StatementSheetAccount Title Dr. Cr. Dr. Cr. Dr. Cr.1Cash 8 8 1 2Accounts Receivable 57 57 2 3Supplies 3 3 3 4Prepaid Insurance 6 6 4 5Land 50 50 5 6Equipment 32 32 6 7Accum. Depr.—Equip. 7 7 7 8Accounts Payable 26 26 8 9Wages Payable 1 1 9 10Terry Dagley, Capital 112 112 10 11Terry Dagley, Drawing 8 8 11 12Fees Earned 67 67 12 13Wages Expense 17 17 13 14Rent Expense 8 8 14 15Insurance Expense 6 6 15 16Utilities Expense 6 6 16 17Depreciation Expense 5 5 17 18Supplies Expense 5 5 18 19Miscellaneous Expense 2 2 19 20Totals 213 213 49 67 164 146 20 21Net income (loss) 18 1821 2267 67 164 164 22 4-6ITHACA SERVICES CO.Income StatementFor the Year Ended January 31, 2006Fees earned ........................................................................ $67Expenses:Wages expense ........................................................... $17Rent expense (8)Insurance expense (6)Utilities expense (6)Depreciation expense (5)Supplies expense (5)Miscellaneous expense (2)Total expenses ........................................................49Net income ......................................................................... $18ITHACA SERVICES CO.Statemen t of Owner’s EquityFor the Year Ended January 31, 2006Terry Dagley, capital, February 1, 2005 ............................ $112Net income for the year ..................................................... $18Less withdrawals (8)Increase in owner’s equity................................................10Terry Dagley, capital, January 31, 2006 ........................... $122ITHACA SERVICES CO.Balance SheetJanuary 31, 2006Assets LiabilitiesCurrent assets: Current liabilities:Cash ............................. $ 8 Accounts payable ....... $26Accounts receivable ... 57 Wages payable (1)Supplies ....................... 3 Total liabilities ......... $ 27 Prepaid insurance . (6)Total current assets . $ 74Property, plant, and Owner’s E quity equipment: Terry Dagley, capital (122)Land ............................. $50Equipment ................... $32Less accum. depr........ 7 25Total property, plant,and equipment 75 Total liabilities andTotal assets ..................... $149 owner’s equity.......... $149 4-72006Jan. 31 Accounts Receivable (7)Fees Earned (7)31 Supplies Expense (5)Supplies (5)31 Insurance Expense (6)Prepaid Insurance (6)31 Depreciation Expense (5)Accumulated Depreciation—Equipment (5)31 Wages Expense (1)Wages Payable (1)4-82006Jan. 31 Fees Earned (67)Income Summary (67)31 Income Summary (49)Wages Expense (17)Rent Expense (8)Insurance Expense (6)Utilities Expense (6)Depreciation Expense (5)Supplies Expense (5)Miscellaneous Expense (2)31 Income Summary (18)Terry Dagley, Capital (18)31 Terry Dagley, Capital (8)Terry Dagley, Drawing (8)4-9SIROCCO SERVICES CO.Income StatementFor the Year Ended March 31, 2006Service revenue .................................................................$103,850Operating expenses:Wages expense ........................................................... $56,800Rent expense .............................................................. 21,270Utilities expense ......................................................... 11,500Depreciation expense ................................................. 8,000Insurance expense ..................................................... 4,100Supplies expense ....................................................... 3,100Miscellaneous expense .............................................. 2,250Total operating expenses ............................ 107,020Net loss .............................................................................. $ (3,170)4-10SYNTHESIS SYSTEMS CO.Statement of Owner’s EquityFor the Year Ended October 31, 2006Suzanne Jacob, capital, November 1, 2005 ..................... $173,750Net income for year ........................................................... $44,250Less withdrawals ............................................................... 12,000Increase in owner’s equity................................................32,250Suzanne Jacob, capital, October 31, 2006 ....................... $206,0004-11a. Current asset: 1, 3, 5, 6b. Property, plant, and equipment: 2, 44-12Since current liabilities are usually due within one year, $165,000 ($13,750 ×12 months) would be reported as a current liability on the balance sheet. The remainder of $335,000 ($500,000 – $165,000) would be reported as a long-term liability on the balance sheet.4-13TUDOR CO.Balance SheetApril 30, 2006Assets LiabilitiesCurrent assets Current liabilities:Cash $31,500 Accounts payable $9,500Accounts receivable ....................... 21,850 Salaries payable1,750Supplies................................................. 1,800 Unearned fees1,200Prepaid insurance ................................ 7,200 Total liabilities$12,450Prepaid rent ........................................... 4,800Total current assets $67,150 Owner’s EquityProperty, plant, and equipment: Vernon Posey, capital 114,200 Equipment ......................................... $80,600Less accumulated depreciation 21,100 59,500 Total liabilities andTotal assets $126,650 owner’s equity $126,6504-14Accounts Receivable ............................................................ 4,100Fees Earned .................................................... 4,100 Supplies Expense ................................................ 1,300Supplies .......................................................... 1,300 Insurance Expense .............................................. 2,000Prepaid Insurance .......................................... 2,000 Depreciation Expense ......................................... 2,800Accumulated Depreciation—Equipment ...... 2,800Wages Expense ................................................... 1,000Wages Payable ............................................... 1,000 Unearned Rent ..................................................... 2,500Rent Revenue ................................................. 2,500 4-15c. Depreciation Expense—Equipmentg. Fees Earnedi. Salaries Expensel. Supplies Expense4-16The income summary account is used to close the revenue and expense accounts, and it aids in detecting and correcting errors. The $450,750 represents expense account balances, and the $712,500 represents revenue account balances that have been closed.4-17a.Income Summary ............................................................... 167,550Sue Alewine, Capital ........................................... 167,550 Sue Alewine, Capital ............................................................. 25,000Sue Alewine, Drawing ......................................... 25,000 b. $284,900 ($142,350 + $167,550 – $25,000)4-18a. Accounts Receivableb. Accumulated Depreciationc. Cashe. Equipmentf. Estella Hall, Capitali. Suppliesk. Wages Payable4-19a. 2002 2001Working capital ($143,034) ($159,453)Current ratio 0.81 0.80b. 7 Eleven has negative working capital as of December 31, 2002 and2001. In addition, the current ratio is below one at the end of bothyears. While the working capital and current ratios have improvedfrom 2001 to 2002, creditors would likely be concerned about theability of 7 Eleven to meet its short-term credit obligations. Thisconcern would warrant further investigation to determine whetherthis is a temporary issue (for example, an end-of-the-periodphenomenon) and the company’s plans to address its workingcapital shortcomings.4-20a. (1) Sales Salaries Expense ............................................. 6,480Salaries Payable ................................................... 6,480(2) Accounts Receivable ................................................. 10,250Fees Earned .......................................................... 10,250 b. (1) Salaries Payable ......................................................... 6,480Sales Salaries Expense ........................................ 6,480(2) Fees Earned ................................................................ 10,250Accounts Receivable ............................................ 10,250 4-21a. (1) Payment (last payday in year)(2) Adjusting (accrual of wages at end of year)(3) Closing(4) Reversing(5) Payment (first payday in following year)b. (1) Wages Expense .......................................................... 45,000Cash ....................................................................... 45,000(2) Wages Expense .......................................................... 18,000Wages Payable ...................................................... 18,000(3) Income Summary ....................................................... 1,120,800Wages Expense .................................................... 1,120,800(4) Wages Payable ........................................................... 18,000Wages Expense .................................................... 18,000(5) Wages Expense .......................................................... 43,000Cash ....................................................................... 43,000 Chapter6（找不到答案，自己处理了哦）Ex. 8–1a. Inappropriate. Since Fridley has a large number of credit salessupported by promissory notes, a notes receivable ledger should bemaintained. Failure to maintain a subsidiary ledger when there are asignificant number of notes receivable transactions violates theinternal control procedure that mandates proofs and security.Maintaining a notes receivable ledger will allow Fridley to operatemore efficiently and will increase the chance that Fridley will detectaccounting errors related to the notes receivable. (The total of theaccounts in the notes receivable ledger must match the balance ofnotes receivable in the general ledger.)b. Inappropriate. The procedure of proper separation of duties isviolated. The accounts receivable clerk is responsible for too many。
中级财务会计 英文
Intermediate Financial AccountingIntroductionFinancial accounting is a fundamental component of a company’s management and reporting process. It involves the recording, analysis, and reporting of a company’s financial transactions. A strong foundation in financial accounting is essential for any individual looking to pursue a career in finance or accounting. This document aims to provide an overview of intermediate financial accounting concepts and principles.The Accounting CycleThe accounting cycle is a series of steps that are followed in the financial accounting process to ensure accurate and reliable financial reporting. The cycle begins with the recording of transactions and ends with the preparation of financial statements. The key steps in the accounting cycle include:1.Identifying and Analyzing Transactions: This step involvesidentifying relevant financial transactions and analyzing their impact on the company’s financial position.2.Recording Journal Entries: Journal entries are recorded todocument the financial transactions. These entries are made in the generaljournal, which is a chronological record of all transactions.3.Posting to General Ledger: The information from the journal entriesis transferred to the general ledger accounts, which are used to summarizetransactions for each account.4.Preparing Trial Balance: A trial balance is prepared to ensure thatall debit and credit balances in the general ledger are equal. If there are noerrors, the total debits will equal the total credits.5.Adjusting Entries: Adjusting entries are made at the end of theaccounting period to record any transactions that have not been previouslyrecorded, such as accruals and prepayments.6.Preparing Financial Statements: Financial statements, including theincome statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement, are prepared toreport the company’s financial performance and position.7.Closing Entries: Closing entries are made to transfer balances fromtemporary accounts (such as revenue and expense accounts) to permanentaccounts (such as retained earnings).8.Preparing Post-Closing Trial Balance: A post-closing trial balance isprepared to ensure that all temporary accounts have been closed and that the accounting records are ready for the next accounting period.Financial Statement AnalysisFinancial statement analy sis involves the examination of a company’s financial statements to assess its financial performance and position. It helps in understanding the company’s profitability, liquidity, solvency, and efficiency. The key tools and techniques used in financial statement analysis include:•Horizontal Analysis: Horizontal analysis compares financial statement items over multiple periods to identify trends and changes.•Vertical Analysis: Vertical analysis involves expressing each financial statement item as a percentage of a base amount, such as total assets or netsales, to assess the relative importance of each item.•Ratio Analysis: Ratio analysis involves calculating and interpreting financial ratios to assess the company’s liquidity, solvency, profitability, and efficiency.•Common Size Ratios: Common size ratios are used to compare the relative percentages of different items within a financial statement.•DuPont Analysis: DuPont analysis decomposes the return on equity (ROE) into its components to assess the company’s profitability, efficiency, and leverage.Revenue Recognition and Expense RecognitionThe principles of revenue recognition and expense recognition are fundamental to financial accounting. These principles determine when revenue and expenses should be recognized in the financial statements. The generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) provide guidelines for revenue recognition and expense recognition.•Revenue Recognition: Revenue is generally recognized when it is earned and realizable. It is earned when the company has delivered goods or services to the customer, and it is realizable when the company can reasonably expect to collect the amount. There are specific criteria for recognizing revenue from different sources, such as sales of goods, provision of services, andinterest and dividends.•Expense Recognition: Expenses are recognized when they are incurred and have a cause-and-effect relationship with revenue. The matching principle requires expenses to be recognized in the same period as the revenuethey help generate. There are different methods of expense recognition, such as the accrual basis and the cash basis.Inventory Valuation MethodsInventory valuation is a crucial aspect of financial accounting, as it impacts the company’s profitability, assets, and financial ratios. There are different methods used to value inventory, including:•FIFO (First-In, First-Out): The FIFO method assumes that the first units of inventory purchased or produced are the first to be sold or used. Itresults in the cost of goods sold being based on the oldest inventory.•LIFO (Last-In, First-Out): The LIFO method assumes that the last units of inventory purchased or produced are the first to be sold or used. Itresults in the cost of goods sold being based on the most recent inventory.•Weighted Average Cost: The weighted average cost method calculates the average cost of inventory based on the average cost per unit. It is calculated by dividing the total cost of goods available for sale by the total units available for sale.Each inventory valuation method has its advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of method can have a significant impact on the company’s f inancial statements and taxes.ConclusionIntermediate financial accounting plays a vital role in providing accurate and reliable financial information for decision-making and reporting. Understanding the accounting cycle, financial statement analysis, revenue recognition and expense recognition principles, and inventory valuation methods is essential for anyone seeking to excel in the field of finance or accounting. By acquiring a solid foundation in these concepts, individuals can enhance their ability to interpret financial data and contribute to the success of their organizations.。
What is financial accounting 什么是财务会计 专业介绍
What is financial accounting什么是财务会计Do you find it hard to understand the concepts of financial accounting? If yes, then this article is just the right thing which you need.Go through the blog. You will understand all the basics of financial accounting surely. Don’t worry if things don’t look easy to you. If you have chosen it for further studies, stick to your decision. The subject is perfect for all those who aspire to build a perfect career. Read out the blog, and you will be done with the basics of financial accounting. Also, you can clear your doubts by getting personalised assignment help online.Just remember:Nothing is difficult to do. All success takes is dedication and consistency.Let’s get a quick overview. You will know what you are going to know about financial accounting through this blog. Here we go:-What is financial accounting? -Description of financial accounting -Financial statements I. Income Statement II. Balance Sheet III. The Cash Flow Statement IV. The Statement of Retained Earnings –Difference between Financial and Managerial AccountingWhat is Financial Accounting?Financial accounting is the procedure of preparing financial statements for companies. These financial statements are used to show the financial ups and downs. Also, it shows the position of the company to its relevant people.The users of financial statements are of two types: Insider users Outside users. The inside users are the people who work within the company, i.e. the management and staff. On the other hand, outside users are those are connected to the company but not from within the company. These are: -Creditors -Investors -Suppliers -Customers of the companyDescription of financial accountingWe know that financial accounting is a segment of accounting which keeps track of financial transactions. In this part of the article, we will discuss it a little more. The accountants use standardised guidelines to record transactions. It summarizes them to present a financial statement. These financial statements are: -Balance sheet -Income statement -The cash flow statement -The statement of retained earnings.Majorly, companies issue the financial statements on fix intervals. These statements are considered as externals. This is because they are to be handed over to the outsiders. By outsiders, I mean those who are linked with a company from outside. The primary recipients of the financial statements are owners and stockholders and some lenders as well.It depends upon the structure of the company that in which length will the financial statements will be regulated. If a company or corporation’s stocks are traded publicly, then it’s obvious that the statements will be circulated widely to a number of secondary recipients. These recipients include -Competitors -Employees -Customers -Investment analysts -Labor organisations.It is important to highlight the main purpose of financial accounting. It is to provide enough information for others. So that, they can assess the value of a company for themselves and not report the value of a company.Financial statementsUsually, companies prefer to put the quarterly and annual financial statements together. Then they make them available for shareholders and the investing public. There are four fundamental financial statements used in the corporate world.1. Income statementThe income statement is also known as the profit and loss statement. It covers a particular period of time. This period can be a year or a quarter. This statement shows profitability in a specific time period.The major components of the income statement are:-Revenues -Expenses -Gains and losses-Revenues involve the following: sales, interest revenue, and service revenue.-Expenses involve the cost of goods sold, non operating expenses. It includes: expense operating expenses (salaries, advertising, utilities, rent, etc.)If a corporation’s stock is publicly traded, the earnings per share of its common stock are reported on the income statement.The basic structure of an income statement is:Revenues – Expenses = Net IncomeAdhering to GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles) revenue is recorded in a period which witnesses the sale of goods andservices. It may or may not be the same period in which the cash is received.Tips to prepare an income statement(a) Format the bodyIncome statements have four different segments: The 1st segment of the income statement calculates gross profit from sales revenue and cost of goods sold. The 2nd segment deals with the calculation of operating income from operating expenses and gross profit. The 3rd segment deals with the calculation of non-operating income. This income is based on expenses and non-operating revenues. The 4th segment deals with the calculation of net income using all expense and revenue information.(b) Make the gross profit section-Write “Sales revenue” below the income statement header. Mention the sales revenue for the period. -Mention “Cost of goods sold” below “Sal es revenue.” You should list the cost of goods sold in the period. -Label the next line as “Gross profit.” -Subtract the cost of goods sold from sales revenue.(c) Make the operating income sheet-Mention every specific operating expense. –Add every operating expense line item Do this to determine the total operating expenses. -Label the next line as “operating income.”(d) Make the Non-operating Income Section-Write down every specific non-operating revenue. -Write down the non-operating expenses the business has. -Deduct non-operating expenses from non-operating revenues.(d) Make the net-income section–the next line as “Net-income.” -Add non-operating income to operating income. -Transfer the remaining balance to the retained earnings.2. Balance SheetThe balance sheet is a statement which deals with the assets and liabilities at the ending of an accounting period. It can be considered as an overall financial picture at the particular period of time.The balance sheet is divided into three parts:AssetsLiabilitiesThe balance sheet is divided into three parts: AssetsLiabilitiesStockholder’s equityStockholder’s equityFirst SectionThis is the first section of the balance sheet. In this one, we report the assets of a company. Assets include: -Cash -Inventory -Building -Accounts receivable -Equipment -Prepaid InsuranceNext SectionThe midsection is responsible for reporting the liabilities of a company. It deals with the obligations which are due till date. Most often it constitutes the word “payable.” For instance, Wages Payable, Accounts Payable, Interest Payable, etc.Final SectionThe final section of a balance sheet is stockholders’ equity. You can understand it as a difference between the amount of liabilities and the amount of assets.The basic structure of a balance sheet is:Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders’ EquityStockholder’s Equity It is the amount of finance provided by operations. It is the retained earning which distributed to stockholders. Plus, it is done by stockholders who reinvest through the contributed capital. I will also tell you how you can become a pro in making balance sheets. Check out the tips below, use them and see the difference.Tips for preparing a balance sheet(a) Understand the basic equation completelyThe basic structure which stands above is the basic equation for financial accounting. You have to make sure that you understand it perfectly. Though, it will take your time as you will have to get into some details. This is because the equation is a very simplifiedversion of everything. Everything that a real balance sheet calculate.(b) Calculate the assetsAssets, money, investments, and products the business owns that can be converted into cash. These are what put companies in the financial positive. A company must have assets that are more than the sum of its liabilities. This generates value in the company’s stock or equity and gives new opportunities for financing. Assets are two types: Fixed assets: supplies, property, and intangible assets Current Assets: Cash, accounts receivable, inventory, prepaid insurance, securities.(c) Identify the liabilitiesLiabilities are a negative part of every equation. It involves operational costs, material expenses, and debt. The lower the liabilities, the greater the value of the company. “Current Liabilities” include cash spent, as well as any debts that must be paid out within one year, while “Fixed Liabilities” refer to bills due any time after one year.Liabilities are of two types:Fixed liabilities: Bills which are due anytime after one year. It includes Shareholder’s loan, bonds payable, car loan, pension benefit obligations, etc.Current liabilities: The cash spent, and any debts that must be paid out within the period of a year. It includes: -Taxes owed -Wages payroll -Accounts payable -Unearned revenue -Operating line of credit -Business credit cards(d) Equity valuationOwner’s Equity = Assets – LiabilitiesThe value of the assets minus the liabilities gives an estimation of the value of the co mpany’s capital. It is easy to understand that if this equation will give a negative result, then the situation is harmful to the company. This will hamper secured financing. Equity includes: -Capital Stock -Dividends paid -Retained Earnings -Owner’s draw -Opening balance equity3. The cash flow statementThis statement provides the actual cash flow into the company in and out of a company in a particular time. In contrast with the income statement which shows the net income, cash flow statement showcases the cash from different activities.The statement of cash flow is categorized into three parts:Operating ActivitiesInvesting ActivitiesFinancing Activities-The section of operating activities describes: the way in which company’s cash or cashequivalents have changed with effect to the operations.-The section of investing activities deals with: the amount received or spent in transactions which involve long-term assets.-The last section is of financing activities which express the following aspects: money spent to remove long-term liabilities, issuance of stock or issuance of long-term debt.Tips to prepare a cash flow statement(a) Gather important data and documents-Balance sheet (statement of financial position)-Statement of variations in equity for the current reporting period-Statement of comprehensive income (profit or loss statement + statement of other comprehensive income if applicable)-Statement of cash flows for the previous reporting period(b) Put the change of balance sheet in the cash flowThe rationale that backs this step is that every change in the balance sheet can influence the cash flow statement. You must check out the changes in your balance sheet and enter every number to the blank form of cash flow statement.(c)Make Adjustments for Non-cash ItemsMake the statement of other comprehensive income and profit or loss statement. After this, identify numbers where the non-cashtransactions can be recorded. let’s see how non-cash adjustments are as follows:-The expense for recognition or income from recognition of various provisions-Change in revaluation reserves-Barter transactions-Depreciation expense-Interest income and expense-Income tax expense-Foreign exchange differences at the end of the period-Revaluation of certain assets and liabilities at the end of the period-Transfer the balance of net income to retained earnings4. The statement of retained earningsStatement of retained earnings is the last one on the list. This one records the earnings kept by the organization or company. Plus, the dividend paid from the earnings to shareholders. The notes to financial statements give additional information on companies financial status. The three kinds of notes explain accounting rules used to, give more detail about a particular item on financial statements, produce the statements & supply more information regarding an item not on the statements.(a) Retained earnings are the part of the net income which is not distributed among the shareholders. It retains within the business for different purposes. Major ones are the growth of business and to meet the debt obligations. It relies on the profit and loss the company bears. If the net income increases the retained earning increases as well and vice-versa as well. It is shown as a component of stockholders equity in the balance sheet.(b) Tips to prepare a statement of retained earnings(c) Prepare a heading for the statement of retained earnings(d) Your Statement of Retained Earnings must constitute a three-line header. The first line isthe name of the company. The second line is, “Statement of Retained Earnings.” The last and third line is “For the Year Ended XXXXX.”(e) Mention the previous balance of retained earningsThe very first component on a Statement of Retained Earnings needs to be the balance of retained earnings from the previous year. This can be traced from the balance sheet of the preceding year.(c) Do add the net income from the income statement(f) The second financial statement is the statement of retained earning itself. Plus, the income statement is the first one. You just haveto add the net income from the income statement.(g) Additional InformationPreparing the fundamental statement of retained earnings is straightforward. There are a few more details shown in an actual retained earnings statement.This was the general outline of structuring different financial statements. By following the tips anybody can learn to prepare financial statements. Still, if in case you find anything tough to do, you can always clear your doubts by availing assignment help.Difference between Financial and Managerial AccountingIt is important for you to know the difference between financial and managerial accounting. Managerial accounting subject is too different from financial accounting. It deals with preparing detailed reports for the managers inside the company. It is also known as cost accounting. Let’s get into a quick differentiation between both:Prepared at the end of the accounting periodNow, we have discussed enough regarding the meaning and major components of financial accounting. Now, it’s time to see what can you can by investing your time in the subject. In the next section, you will get an insight to the career opportunities after studying financial accounting.ConclusionHere is the time to look back and give a quick revision to yourself. In the beginning, we dealt with the meaning and description of financialaccounting, through which we knew that it is all about recording and presenting the financial transactions and status of a company or an organisation. After this, we went to look over the main components of the concept which are the four different financial statements. I hope by reading them, you know the way in which the four statements, i.e., the income statement, balance sheet, the cash flow statement and the statement of retained earnings are made. Then we made a quick comparison between financial and managerial accounting.。
AccountingTerms常用会计词汇中英对照
AccountingTerms常用会计词汇中英对照Accounting system 会计系统American Accounting Association 美国会计协会American Institute of CPAs 美国注册会计师协会Audit 审计Balance sheet 资产负债表Bookkeepking 簿记Cash flow prospects 现金流量推测Certificate in Internal Auditing 内部审计证书Certificate in Management Accounting 治理会计证书Certificate Public Accountant注册会计师Cost accounting 成本会计 External users 外部使用者Financial accounting 财务会计Financial Accounting Standards Board 财务会计准那么委员会Financial forecast 财务推测Generally accepted accounting principles 公认会计原那么General-purpose information 通用目的信息Government Accounting Office 政府会计办公室Income statement 损益表Institute of Internal Auditors 内部审计师协会Institute of Management Accountants 治理会计师协会Integrity 整合性Internal auditing 内部审计Internal control structure 内部操纵结构Internal Revenue Service 国内收入署Internal users 内部使用者Management accounting 治理会计Return of investment 投资回报Return on investment 投资酬劳Securities and Exchange Commission 证券交易委员会Statement of cash flow 现金流量表Statement of financial position 财务状况表Tax accounting 税务会计Accounting equation 会计等式Articulation 勾稽关系Assets 资产Business entity 企业个体Capital stock 股本Corporation 公司Cost principle 成本原那么Creditor 债权人Deflation 通货紧缩Disclosure 批露Expenses 费用Financial statement 财务报表Financial activities 筹资活动Going-concern assumption 连续经营假设Inflation 通货膨涨Investing activities 投资活动Liabilities 负债Negative cash flow 负现金流量Operating activities 经营活动Owner's equity 所有者权益Partnership 合伙企业Positive cash flow 正现金流量Retained earning 留存利润Revenue 收入Sole proprietorship 独资企业Solvency 清偿能力Stable-dollar assumption 稳固货币假设Stockholders 股东Stockholders' equity 股东权益Window dressing 门面装饰Account 帐Financial Terms(4)财务术语 (汉英对比)股东权益 equity interest股东权益小组【证监会】 Shareholders Group 【SFC】股息率 dividend yield股息单 dividend warrant股票出借人 stock lender股票承押人 stock pledgee股票非流淌化 immobilisation of share certificate股票非实物化 dematerialisation of share certificate股票按贷财务活动 share margin financing股票借贷 stock borrowing and lending股票借贷数额资料页【大利市】 stock borrowing and lending position information page【Teletext】股票期货 stock futures股票期权 stock option; equity option股票期权系统 Traded OPtions System (TOPS)股票期权参考教育站 Stock Options Reference Educator (SCORE)股票期权从业员专业课程 Professional Course for Equity Options Practitioners股票登记费 scrip fee股票贷出户口 Stock Lending Account股票归还 stock return股价不动时回报 standstill return股价敏锐资料 price-sensitive information股权 equity interest; shareholding芝加哥交易所 Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT)芝加哥商品交易所 Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME)芝加哥期权交易所 Chicago Board Options Exchange (CBOE)近价盘 about order金银业贸易场 Chinese Gold and Silver Exchange Society金银证券交易所 The Kam Ngan Stock Exchange金融大改革【英国】 Big Bang【UK】金融工具 financial instrument金融中介现象 financial intermediation金融中介机构/团体 financial intermediary金融市场 financial market«金融市场检讨报告» Report on Financial Market Review金融行动专责委员会 Financial Action Task Force (FATF)«金融服务法令»【英国】 Financial Services Act【UK】金融服务网络 FinNet金融租赁* financial lease金融基建督导委员会 The Steering Committee on the Enhancement of Financial Infrastructure金融期货 financial futures金融机构 financial institution金边证券 gilt-edged securities长仓 long position; bull position附加自动对盘终端机用家 additional AMS terminal user附寄结单服务的股份独立户口【中央结算系统】 Stock Segregated Account with Statement Service [CCASS]附带执行买卖盘【伦敦交易所】 contingent order【LSE】附属公司 subsidiary附属贷款 subordinated loan「非上市可交易」股份 "trading only" stocks非中介化 disintermediation非市场庄家的交易 non-market-making transaction非正常项目 abnormal item非成立为的注册人士 unincorporated registered person非即日平仓交易 overnight trade非实时数据 delayed data非受监管发行人 unregulated issuer非所有者权益变动表 statement of "non-owner movement in equity"非金钱佣金 soft commission非金钱利益 soft-dollar benefits非执行董事 non-executive director专门重大的收购事项 very substantial acquisition非现货月恒生指数期货合约 non-spot month Hang Seng Index futures contract 非登记持有人 non-registered holder非结算的期权买卖参与者 / 非结算参与者/ 【期权买卖】 Non-Clearing Options Trading Participant; Non-Clearing Participant (NCP)【options trading】非经常项目 extraordinary item非认可负债 non-ranking liabilities非整手买卖盘 round-lot-plus order保本信托基金 guaranteed unit trust保本产品 capital preservation product保本证 Capital Protected Instrument (CPI)保值公债【中国内地】 Public Debt (Inflation-Linked Subsidy) Treasury 【Mainland China】保留意见 qualified opinion保管人 custodian保证安排 security arrangement«保证投资者条例» Protection of Investors Ordinance保险业监理专员 Commissioner of Insurance保险业监理处 Office of the Commissioner of Insurance保荐人 sponsor«保荐人标准守那么» Model Code for Sponsors«保荐人声明» Sponsor's Declaration保荐经纪 sponsoring broker保证 warranty保证人 guarantorFinancial Terms(5)财务术语 (汉英对比)保证金 margin保证金客户 margin client保证金保险范畴比率 margin coverage ratio保证金借贷活动 margin financing保证金价值 margin value保证金证券交易户口 Margin Securities Trading Account保证金融资 margin financing保证基金 Guarantee Fund「爱护偿付」规那么【期权】 Payout-Protection Rule【options】信心保证书 comfort letter信用评级 credit rating信息交流 exchange of information信托人 trustee信贷 credit信贷风险 credit risk信贷评级 credit rating信贷管制 credit control信贷紧缩 credit squeeze信贷额度* credit limit前收市价 previous closing price«宣誓及声明条例» Oaths and Declarations Ordinance客户户口 client account客户身分规那么【证监会】 Client Identity Rule【SFC】客户服务器结构 client server architecture客户协议书/合约 client's agreement客户按金 client margin待转名股份 "street name" share certificate后备资料复原软件 file backup-restore macro后备联线通讯线路 backup interactive line后进先出 last in, first out (LIFO)后勤办公室 back office恒生100 Hang Seng 100 (HS100)恒生中国内地流通指数 Hang Seng Mainland Freefloat Index (HSMLFI)恒生中国内地综合指数 Hang Seng Mainland Composite Index (HSMLCI)恒生中国企业指数〔恒生国企指数〕 Hang Seng China Enterprises Index (HSCEI) 恒生亚洲指数 Hang Seng Asia Index (HSAI)恒生指数 Hang Seng Index (HSI)恒生香港大型股指数 Hang Seng HK LargeCap Index (HSHKLI)恒生香港小型股指数 Hang Seng HK SmallCap Index (HSHKSI)恒生香港中型股指数 Hang Seng HK MidCap Index (HSHKMI)恒生香港中资企业指数〔中资企业指数〕 Hang Seng China-Affiliated Corporations Index (HSCCI)恒生香港流通指数 Hang Seng HK Freefloat Index (HSHKFI)恒生香港综合指数 Hang Seng Hong Kong Composite Index (HSHKCI)恒生伦敦参考指数 Hang Seng London Reference Index (HSLRI)恒生流通50 Hang Seng Freefloat 50恒生流通中国内地25 Hang Seng Freefloat Mainland 25恒生流通香港25 Hang Seng Freefloat HK 25恒生流通综合指数 Hang Seng Freefloat Composite Index (HSFCI)恒生信息科技指数 Hang Seng IT Index (HSITI)恒生信息科技组合指数 Hang Seng IT Portfolio Index (HSITP)恒生综合指数 Hang Seng Composite Index (HSCI)恒生/富时亚洲大企业指数 FTSE/Hang Seng Asiatop Index恒生/富时亚洲分类指数 FTSE/Hang Seng Asian Sector Indexes恒生/富时指数系列 FTSE/Hang Seng Indexes恒指服务 HSI Services Limited恒指国际 HSI International Limited恒指期货 Hang Seng Index Futures恒指期权 Hang Seng Index Options复原买卖 resumption of trading持有成本 cost of carry持股人的分布情形 spread of holders持仓 position持仓上限 / 限额 position limit持仓比例 position ratio«持仓限额及大额未平仓合约的申报规定指引»【证监会】 Guidance Note on Position Limits and Large Open Position Reporting Requirements【SFC】持仓限额比率 position limit ratio持仓风险调整 position risk adjustment持仓净额 net position持仓类别【期权】 tier【options】«持牌人胜任能力的指引» Guidance Note on Competence«持牌人进行连续培训的指引» Guidance Note on Continuous Professional Training 连续专业培训课程 Continuous Professional Training (CPT)连续净额交收 continuous net settlement (CNS)连续责任 continuing obligation; on-going obligation连续发售机制 tap facility连续经营【会计】 going concern【accounting】连续经营之业务 continuing operation连续关连交易 continuing connected transaction持权成本【期权】 cost of carry指引摘要 Guidance Note指示价格 indicative price指定分配【期权】 assignment【options】指定百分比 prescribed percentage指定银行 designated bank指定证券 designated securitiesFinancial Terms(6)财务术语 (汉英对比)指数加权移动平均方法 exponentially-weighted moving average指数套戥 index arbitrage指数参与单位 index participation unit指数掉期 index swap指数期货 index futures指数债券 index bond指数预托证券 index depository receipt; index share指数认购权证 index call warrant指数权证 index warrant按市价计值 mark to market / mark-to-market按金 margin按金比例 margin ratio按金交易 margin trading按金减免 margin relief按金对销 margin offset按揭贷款基准组合 benchmark mortgage pool按揭贷款发放者 mortgage loan originator按金间距 margin interval按揭证券 mortgage-backed securities按盘价 nominal price故障包容 fault tolerance「柏力克－舒尔斯」期权定价模式 Black-Scholes option pricing model查访 inspection visit查询公布资料【中央结算系统】 Enquire Announcement Information【CCASS】查询交收指示未获配对缘故【中央结算系统】 Enquire Unmatched SI Reason 【CCASS】「查询报失股票资料」功能【中央结算系统】 Enquire Reported Lost Certificate【CCASS】洗黑钱 money laundering活跃业务纪录【创业板】 active business pursuits【GEM】派送股份/红股 bonus issue界面联系 interfacing盈利 earnings; profit盈利对利息倍数 interest cover; interest coverage盈富基金 Tracker Fund of Hong Kong (TraHK)盈余储备 surplus reserve相互上市 cross listing; dual listing相抵持仓 offsetting position相对回报率 relative return相对强弱指数 Relative Strength Indicator (RSI)相联人 associated person相关/指定资产 underlying asset相关/指定证券 underlying securities「看跌」股票挂钩票据 Bear Equity Linked Instrument (Bear ELI)「看涨」股票挂钩票据 Bull Equity Linked Instrument (Bull ELI)约务更替 novation约价* consideration纪律上诉委员会 Disciplinary Appeals Committee纪律委员会 Disciplinary Committee«纪律案例» Disciplinary Casebook«纪律处分程序手册» Handbook on Disciplinary Proceedings纪律处分权力 disciplinary power纪律程序 disciplinary procedures红股 bonus share红股发行 bonus issue红筹股 red chip美元总会计长【美国】 Comptroller of the Currency【US】美式期权 American style option美国本土债券 Yankee bond美国全国证券交易商协会自动报价系统/ 美国纳斯达克证券市场 National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations (NASDAQ)美国存管信托公司 Depository Trust Company (DTC)【US】美国商会 American Chamber of Commerce (AMCHAM)美国国家经济研究局 National Bureau of Economic Research【US】美国预托证券 American depository receipt (ADR)美国联邦公布市场委员会 Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC)美国联邦国家房屋贷款协会〔房利美〕 Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae)美国证券交易所 American Stock Exchange (AMEX)英伦银行 Bank of England英格兰及威尔斯特许会计师公会 Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales (ICA England & Wales)英国公认会计师公会 Chartered Association of Certified Accountants (ACCA)英国投资治理监管组织 Investment Management Regulatory Organisation (IMRO)英国金融业治理局 Financial Services Authority (FSA)【UK】衍生产品 / 衍生工具 derivatives衍生产品及风险治理文凭课程 Diploma Course in Derivatives and Risk Management衍生产品市场 / 衍生工具市场 derivatives market衍生产品市场咨询小组 Derivatives Market Consultative Panel衍生产品结算及交收系统 Derivatives Clearing and Settlement System (DCASS)衍生权证 derivative warrant要约 offer运算按金程序 margining process负债 liabilities负债日 indebtedness date负债比率 debt-to-equity ratio重大交易 major transaction重估 revaluationFinancial Terms(7)财务术语 (汉英对比)重组 reorganisation重置成本 replacement cost重复认购 multiple application重整账目 restatement of accounts限制通知书 restriction notice限制买卖期 "black out" period限价盘 limit order限价卖空规那么 tick rule面值 face value; nominal value风险披露 risk disclosure风险披露声明书【创业板】 Risk Disclosure Statement【GEM】风险值 value-at-risk风险容限 risk tolerance风险容量 appetite for risk风险参数 risk parameter风险操纵 risk control风险排列方法 risk array method风险排列按金制度 risk array margining system风险排列算式 risk array algorithm风险评估 risk evaluation风险治理 risk management; exposure management风险治理委员会 Risk Management Committee风险鉴别 risk identification食价 price cheating; scalping首次上市费 initial listing fee首次公布招股 initial public offering (IPO)首次公布招股之进度报告 Initial Public Offerings Progress Report首次认购费 front-end load首席交易员 chief dealer香港上市公司商会 Chamber of Hong Kong Listed Companies香港中央结算〔代理人〕 HKSCC Nominees Limited香港中央结算〔香港结算〕 Hong Kong Securities Clearing Company Limited (HKSCC) 香港中央证券登记 Computershare Hong Kong Investor Services Limited (CHIS)香港中国企业协会 Hong Kong Chinese Enterprises Association«香港公司收购、合并及股份购回守那么»【刊物】 Hong Kong Codes on Takeovers and Mergers and Share Repurchases【publication】香港公司秘书公会 The Hong Kong Institute of Company Secretaries香港交易及结算所〔香港交易所〕 Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited (HKEx) 香港交易所(中国) HKEx (China) Limited香港交易所股份信息板 HKEx Share Information Board香港交易所信息服务 HKEx Information Services Limited香港投资分析员公会 Hong Kong Institute of Investment Analysts香港投资者学会 Hong Kong Institute of Investors (HKII)香港投资基金公会 Hong Kong Investment Funds Association (HKIFA)香港股份商会〔1921年〕 Hong Kong Stockbrokers' Association (1921)香港股票经纪会〔1891年〕 Stockbrokers' Association of Hong Kong (1891)香港金融研究中心 Hong Kong Institute for Monetary Research (HKIMR)香港金融治理局〔金管局〕 Hong Kong Monetary Authority (HKMA)香港按揭证券 The Hong Kong Mortgage Corporation Limited香港财务顾问学会 Hong Kong Association of Financial Advisors香港财资市场公会 Hong Kong Financial Markets Association香港国际仲裁中心 Hong Kong International Arbitration Centre香港货币及投资汇展 Money World Asia Hong Kong香港创业投资协会 Hong Kong Venture Capital Association香港期货交易所〔期交所〕 Hong Kong Futures Exchange Limited (HKFE)香港期货结算 HKFE Clearing Corporation Limited (HKCC)香港证券培训赞助基金 Hong Kong Securities Training Sponsorship Foundation香港会计师公会 Hong Kong Society of Accountants香港经纪协会〔1891年〕 Association of Stockbrokers in Hong Kong (1891)香港经纪商会〔1914年〕 The Hong Kong Stock Exchange香港董事学会 The Hong Kong Institute of Directors香港资本市场公会 Hong Kong Capital Markets Association香港治理专业协会 Hong Kong Management Association香港网上经纪协会 The Hong Kong Association of Online Brokers (HKAOB)香港银行公会 Hong Kong Association of Banks香港银行同业拆息 Hong Kong Interbank Offered Rate (HIBOR)香港银行同业结算 Hong Kong Interbank Clearing Limited香港总商会 The Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce香港联合交易所月刊 SEHK Monthly Bulletin香港联合交易所〔联交所〕 The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited (SEHK)«香港联合交易所创业板证券上市规那么»〔«创业板上市规那么»〕 Rules Governing the Listing of Securities on the Growth Enterprise Market of the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited (GEM Listing Rules)«香港联合交易所证券上市规那么»〔«证券上市规那么»〕 Rules Governing the Listing of Securities on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited (Exchange Listing Rules) 香港联合交易所期权结算所〔联交所期权结算所〕 The SEHK Options Clearing House Limited (SEOCH)香港联合交易所信息服务 Stock Exchange Information Services Limited (SEIS)香港证券市场文献及文物征集打算 Hong Kong Securities Market Archives and Artifacts Collection Campaign香港证券交易所〔1947年〕 The Hong Kong Stock Exchange香港证券专业学会 Hong Kong Securities Institute香港证券业同学会 Hong Kong Securities Professionals Alumni Association«香港证券业参考手册»【刊物】 The Hong Kong Securities Industry【publication】香港证券经纪业工作小组 Working Group on Stockbroking in Hong Kong香港证券经纪业协会 Hong Kong Stockbrokers AssociationFinancial Terms(8)财务术语 (汉英对比)香港证券学会 Hong Kong Securities Professionals Association并购活动* mergers and acquisitions仓 position个人大股东具报书 Individual Substantial Shareholders Notification个人投资者户口 Individual Investor Account个人客户 individual client个人交易所参与者 Individual Exchange Participant个人运算机终端机用户 PC terminal user借方结余 debit balance借款股 loan stock借壳上市 backdoor listing借贷资本 loan capital借额 debit伦敦国际金融期货及期权交易所 London International Financial Futures and Options Exchange (LIFFE)伦敦期权市场 London Traded Options Market (LTOM)伦敦证券交易所 London Stock Exchange (LSE)冻结 locked up冻结股份机制 securities-on-hold mechanism原油期货 crude oil futures套戥 / 套汇* / 套利* arbitrage差价 spread差额缴款 marks / marks payment库存股份/股票 treasury stock弱势货币 soft currency息股证 Equity Linked Instrument (ELI)挟仓 cornering; squeeze; short squeeze时刻值 time value; time premium时刻戳记 time stamp核心盈利 core earnings核准可赎回股份 approved redeemable share核准借入人 approved borrower核准借出代理人 approved lending agent核数委员会【证监会】 Audit Committee【SFC】核数师 auditor核数师报告 auditors' report核证附注 verification notes浮息存款证 floating rate certificate of deposit (FRCD)浮息按揭 variable-rate mortgage浮息票据 floating rate note (FRN)海外发行人 overseas issuer消耗性资产【期权】 wasting asset【options】流淌性不足 / 流通性不足 illiquidity流淌资金 liquid capital流淌资金比率/幅度 liquidity ratio; liquidity margin流淌资金调剂窗 Liquidity Adjustment Window (LAW)流淌资金调剂机制【金管局】 Liquidity Adjustment Facility (LAF)【HKMA】流淌资产 liquid asset流通性 liquidity流通风险 liquidity risk流通量提供者 liquidity provider专门限价盘 special limit order专门处理股【中国内地】 Special Treatment【Mainland China】专门征费 Special Levy专门转让股【中国内地】 Particular Transfer【Mainland China】特快登记/过户登记服务 expedited registration service专门项目 exceptional item特许使用者 privileged user特许财务分析员 chartered financial analyst特许财务分析员公会 Institute of Chartered Financial Analysts特许治理会计师公会 Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (CIMA) 「特许证券商」制度【美国】 Specialist System【US】特种国债【中国内地】 Special Treasury【Mainland China】特种备兑证信息【大利市】 exotic warrant information【Teletext】留存股票 treasury stock留存盈利/收益 retained earnings; retained income「粉红价单」【美国】 Pink Sheets【US】留存溢利/盈利 retained profits留成资金 / 保留资金 retained capital「粉红价单」【美国】 Pink Sheets【US】纯交易板 trading-only board纸黄金 paper gold索偿通知 claim notice蚊型股 penny stock被动受托人 bare trustee讯框传送交易网络 frame relay trading network托管人 custodian托管商参与者【中央结算系统参与者】 Custodian Participant【CCASS Participants】记名证券 registered securities记名证书 registered certificate记账式国库券【中国内地】 Registered Treasury【Mainland China】财政司司长 Financial Secretary财政年度 financial year财政股东 financial shareholder财政健全 financial integrityFinancial Terms(9)财务术语 (汉英对比)财政部【中国内地】 Ministry of Finance【Mainland China】«财政资源规那么» Financial Resources Rules财务申报 financial reporting财务风险 financial risk; financial exposure财务租赁 financial lease财务通融 financial accomodation财务业绩 financial results财务摘要报告 summary financial report财务监管 financial regulation财务顾问 financial adviser财经市场进展专责小组 The Financial Market Development Task Force«财经有道–––证券、期货及投资界专业道德实务指引» Ethics in Practice – A Practical Guide for Financial Practitioners财经事务及库务局 Financial Services and the Treasury Bureau财经事务及库务局局长 Secretary for Financial Services and the Treasury 财经事务及库务局常任秘书长 Permanent Secretary for Financial Services and the Treasury财资企业集团 financial conglomerate追补按金 margin call退市 delisting退税 tax rebate; tax refund逃税 tax evasion逆向投资者 contrarian逆差 deficit; unfavourable difference; unfavourable variance逆差额【中央结算系统】 unfavourable marks【CCASS】逆转交易【期权】 trade reversals【options】逆转交易合约【期权】 reversal contract【options】酌情支付的花红 discretionary bonus payment酌情权 discretionary power配售 placing配售代理 placing agent配售指引 placing guidelines配售新股 rights issue配售经办人 book runner配发 allotment除息基准 ex-dividend basis除净日 ex-date除净日未经调整之收市价 ex unadjusted close除牌 delisting除权 ex-rights马来西亚证券交易所交易及自动报价系统 Malaysian Exchange of Securities Dealing and Automated Quotation Bhd (MESDAQ)马城条约 Maastricht Treaty马鞍式组合【期权】 straddle【options】高水【期货】 premium【futures】高于前成交价 plus tick; uptick高于面值 above par高持股量股东【创业板】 significant shareholder【GEM】高息票据 equity linked note (ELN)高杠杆效应的投资 high leveraged investment。
financial accounting第七章课件
Bank reconciliation
A bank reconciliation is a listing of the items and amounts that cause the cash balance reported in the bank statement to differ from the balance of the cash account in the ledger. A bank reconciliation is usually divided into two setions.(表 )
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Financial accounting
Chapter 7 Cash
会计113班第二小组
Cash coins,currency(papermoney),checks,money orders,and money on deposit that is available for unrestricted withdrawal from banks and other financial institutions. The Controls Over Cash First,because of the ease with which money can be transferred ,cash is the asset most likely to be diverted and used improperly by employees;second, many transactions either directly or indirectly affect the receipt or the payment of cash.
财务会计英语词汇 (financial accounting terms)
Financial accounting glossaryA batch of 一批一组A tangible good 一件有形商品Abandon 放弃Accelerated depreciation 加速折旧Accomplishment 成就成绩Account for 核算Account number 账号Account outstanding 未清账款Account title 账户名称Accounting element 会计要素Accounting equation 会计等式Accounting information 会计信息Accounting period 会计期间Accounting record 会计记录Accounting standard 会计准则Accounting treatment 会计处理Accounting payable 应付账款Accounts payable subsidiary ledger 应付账款明细分类账Accounting receivable 应收账款Accounting receivable turnover 应账款周转率Accrual accounting 权责发生制会计Accrual basis of accounting 权责发生制会计制度Accrue 应计增值Accrued expense 应计费用Accrued liability 应计负债Accrued revenue 应计收入Accumulated 积累的Accumulated depreciation 累计折旧Accumulated earnings 累计收益Acid-test ratio 酸性测试比率，速动比率Acquisition 取得Additional paid-in capital溢缴资本Adjust 调节调账Adjusting entry 调账分录Administrative expense 管理费用行政费用办公费用Administrative salary expense 行政管理工资费用Admission and withdrawal of partners 合伙人的入伙及撤伙Admission by contribution of assets 通过捐缴资产的方式入伙Admission by purchase of interest 通过购买权益的方式入伙Admission of a new partner 新合伙人的入伙Admit 允许进入接受Advance payment 预付款Advertising expense 广告费用Agent 代理，代理人Aging method 账龄法Allocation of the cost 成本的分配Allowance for bad debts 坏账准备Allowance method 备抵法American express 美国运通卡Amortization 摊销摊提分期偿还Amortization expense 摊销费用Amortize 摊销摊提Amount to(在数量上) 达——Analysis period 报告期分析期Analytical tool 分析工具Anticipate 期望Apparent 明显的Apparent 明显的Applicable 实际的适用的Applicable expense 使用费用Appraisal 估价鉴定Arise from 产生于，因—-而造成Arrive at 得出As of 在或直到（某一时间）Aspect 方面Assess 评估，评价Asset acquisition 资产的取得Asset 资产Auditor 审计师Authorized stock 核定股份Available-for-sale securities 可供出售的债权Average 平均的使平均Average days inventory on hand 平均库存天数Average days sale uncollected 应收销售款平均收现天数bad debt 坏账呆账bad debt expense 坏账费用呆账费用balance 平衡余额balance 使平衡balance sheet 资产负债表bank deposit 银行存款bank reconciliation 银行往来调节银行往来对账bank service charge 银行手续费银行服务费bank statement 银行对账单bankrupt 破产的bankruptcy 破产倒闭bargain price 廉价处理价；交易价格成交价格base amount 基数base period 基期basket purchase 一揽子购买bear no connection with 与——没有联系beauty parlor 美容院beginning balance 期初余额beginning inventory 期初存货，期初库存benefit from 从——受益bill账单billing 开单出具账单board of directors 董事会bond discount z债券折价bonds payable 应付债券bonus 红利补贴津贴bonus to partner 补贴合伙人book 账簿账册book 接受——的预定、订购book value 账面价值bookkeeper 簿记员book-to-tax difference 财税之差business 企业business enterprise 商业企业企业机构business entity 企业实体商号business operation 企业机构商业企业business performance 经营活动营业活动by note 签发票据calculate 计算call for 要求call privilege 赎回权利callable bond 可通赎回债券可赎回债券cancelled check 已注销支票付讫支票capital 资本capital acquisition 资本取得capital balance 资本余额capital balance ratio 资本额比例capital contribution 资本摊缴capital expenditure 资本支出基本建设支出capital lease 资本租赁capital stock 股本capital structure 资本结构capitalize 使资本化变为资本caption 标题carry on 经营cash 现金cash basis accounting 现金收付制会计cash disbursement 现金支出cash discount 付现折扣cash dividend 现金股利现金股息cash equivalent 现金等价物cash expenditure 现金支出cash inflow 现金流入cash outflow 现金流出cash payment 现金支付现金支出cash receipt 现金收入现金所得cash receipt journal 现金收入日记账cash sale 现金销售现销cashier 出纳员categorize 分类category 类别（n）center on 以——为中心围绕certificate 凭证证明书certificate of deposit 存折存款单challenging 挑战性的changing hands 易手转手chart of accounts 会计科目表chronological record 序时记录clarify 使清楚易懂澄清classification 分类classified income statement 分类损益表closing entry 结账分录collect 收账收款collection 收款收账commission 佣金commission expense 佣金费用commitment 承付款项承诺付款数common equivalents 普通股等价物，相当于普通股的股票common stock 普通股票common-size analysis 统一度量式分析，百分比分析，共同比例分析总体结构分析common-size balance sheet 统一度量式（只用百分比，不用金额）资产负债表，通用型资产负债表，总体结构资产负债表，共同比例资产负债表，百分比资产负债表，共同量资产负债表common-size comparative balance sheet 统一度量式比较资产负债表，百分比比较资产负债表common-size comparative income statement 统一度量式比较损益表，百分比比较损益表common-size financial statement统一度量式报表，总体结构报表，共同比报表common-size statement 统一度量式报表comparative balance sheet 比较资产负债表comparative financial statement 比较财务报表complete 完成使完整complex 复杂的complicated 复杂的component 成分构成组成部分computerized accounting statement 电算化会计制度connote 含有——意义consent 同意conservation concept 保守概念consignee 承销人代售人consignee payable 应付承销人账款应付代售人账款consignment 寄售consignor 寄售人consignor payable 应付寄售人账款constitute 构成组成construction in program 在建工程consumption 消费context 上下文背景环境contingency 或有事项continuous existence 持续经营contra account 对销账户，抵消账户contractor 承包人承包商conversion privilege 兑换特权convert 改变成convertible 可转换的convertible bond 可转换债券co-owner 共有者，共同所有者co-ownership of property 共有财产copyright 版权著作权corporate （a）公司的（v）组建股份公司corporate accounting 公司会计corporate tax 公司所得税企业所得税corporation 股份公司cost accounting 成本会计cost available for sale 可销成本cost measurement 成本核定费用计量cost of goods available for sale 可销成本cost of goods manufactured 产品成本，制成成本cost of goods purchased 进货成本采购成本cost of goods sale 销售成本cost of installment sales 分期付款销货成本cost-to-cost method 成本比例法，完工百分比法count 数，盘点coupon bond 付息票（公司）债券credit 贷方贷记credit 信贷贷款credit balance 贷方余额credit card sales 信用卡销售credit card service expense 信用卡服务费credit purchase 赊购credit sales 赊销credit term 信用条件creditor 债权人criteria 标准尺度critical 关键的，至关重要的cross-reference 交叉检索current agreed value 现行的意见一致的价值current asset 流动资产current debt 流动负债current financial operation 本期财务运转current liability 流动负债current obligation 本期债务current period 当期，本期current portion of a long-term debt 一年内到期的长期负债current ratio 流动比率customer ratio 用户收费率，顾客运费率cut-off 盘存debenture 信用债券debit 借方借记debit balance 借方余额debit entry 借方分录debt ratio 负债比率debt securities 债务证券declare 通告（分红）deduct 扣除deduction （扣除）defective goods 次品deferred gross profit 递延毛利deferred income tax 递延所得税delivery expense 运费交货费用delivery wages expense 交货工资费用delivery trucks 运输车辆deposit in transit 在途存单deposit slip 存款单存款收据depositor’s books 储户的账册depreciation 折旧depreciation expense 折旧费用detect 察觉查出difference 差差额direct cost 直接成本direct labor cost 直接人工成本direct matching 直接配比direct material 直接材料直接原料direct method 直接法direct write-off method 直接冲销法director 董事disburse 支付disbursement 支出支付discount 贴息折价折扣discount on bound 债券折价discount period 折扣期间贴现期间discount sale 折价销售display 展示disposal 处理清理dissolution (n)散伙解散dissolve （v）散伙解散distinguish 区别divergent 不同的divide into 分成——divide——by——（用——除以——）dividend 红利股息股利dividend revenue 股息收入红利收益dividend payable 应付股息应付股利division of labor分工dollar amount 金额dollar change 金额变化double-entry system 复式会计制度drawing 个人提取（账户）due （票据等）到期的duration 期限earnings per share 每股收益effective interest method 实际利息（计算）法efficiency 效率efficiency ratio 效能比率效率比率efforts-expended method 已付努力法elaborate 详尽阐述elaboration 详尽说明electricity bill 电费账单employee training program 员工培训计划endanger 危及ending balance 期末余额ending capital 期末资本ending inventory 期末存货end-user 最终用户最终消费者enter into 签订entitle to 给——权利给——资格entry 分录equity accounting 权益会计equity ratio 业主权益比率equity securities 权益证券establish 建立evaluate 评估估价exceed 超过excessive 过分的excise tax 消费税exclusive right 专营权专有权executive 行政管理人员expenditure 开支expense 费用计入费用的账户expense recognition 费用的确定external 外部的（internal内部的）extraordinary gain 非常收益extraordinary item （收入或费用）非常项目，特殊项目extraordinary loss 非常损失意外损失face interest rate 票面利率face value 面值factor 系数率fair market value 公允市价公平市价fair presentation 公允表达FASB(financial accounting standard board)财务会计准则委员会Feasible 可行的Federal income tax 联邦所得税Fee 手续费服务费酬金Fees income tax 联邦所得税FICA（federal insurance contribution act）联邦社会保险法FIFO(first in first out)先进先出法Financial ability 财力资金Financial accounting 财务会计Financial analyst 财务分析家Financial condition 财务状况Financial expense 财务费用Financial institution 金融机构Financial management 财务管理Financial position 财务状况Financial report 财务报告Financial statement 财务报表Financial statement analysis 财务报表分析Financial activity 筹资活动Finished goods inventory 产成品库存制成品库存Finished product 制成品产成品Fit in 适于——Fixed assets 固定资产Fluctuate 浮动Foreign currency translation adjustment 外币换算调整Format 形式Formation partnership 合伙企业的组成Formula 公式Formulate 订立Forward 转递转交Franchise 专营权特许经营权Fraud 欺骗欺诈Frequently 频繁的Full cost 全部成本Funding by bond 债券筹资Funding by stock 股票筹资GAAP(generally accepted accounting principles)公认会计原则Gain on sale of land 销售土地所得Gain or loss of sale asset 资产变卖损益Garment factory 服装厂General and administrative cost 总务及管理成本General and administrative expense 总务及管理费用General expense 管理费用General journal 普通日记账General ledger 总账Generate 产生Goods in process 在产品在制品Goodwill 商誉Government securities 政府债券Gravel deposit 砾石矿Grocery store 杂货店Gross 总的毛的Gross amount 总计总额毛计Gross margin 毛利Gross profit 毛利总利润Guideline 标准准则Hardware store 五金商店Have something to do with 与——有关Held-to-maturity securities 持至到期的债券Historical cost 历史成本Hold back 阻挡Horizontal analysis 水平分析横向分析Hours of labor 工时人工小时Human resource management 人力资源管理Identical 同样的Identifiable 可辨认的可识别的Identify 认出确认Idle cash 闲置现金游资Idle fund 闲置资金游资Imprecise 不精确的不准确的In desperate need 急需In monetary term 用货币术语来说In proportion to 按比例In regard to 关于In that 由于因为Income before tax 税前收入Income from main operations 主营业务收入Income from other operations 其他业务收入Income statement 损益表Income summary 汇总账户损益汇总账户Income tax 所得税Income tax accounting 所得税会计Income tax effect 所得税税收效应Income tax law 所得税法Income taxes expense 所得税费用Income taxes on operations 营业所得税Incompetent 不称职的不能胜任的Incorporation 组成公司组建公司Incredible 难以置信的Incur 招致遭受Incurrence of a cost 成本的发生Indirect cost 间接成本Indirect method 间接成本法Indirect production cost 间接生产成本Industry 行业Inevitable 不可避免的Inflationary 通货膨胀Inflow流入Initial investment 起初投资Input measure 投入测算法投入核算法、Inspector 检验员检察员Installment 分期付款分期收款Installment accounts receivable 应收分期账款Installment sales 分期付款销售Insurance expense 保险费Insurance premium 保险费Intangible asset 无形资产Intangible service 无形的服务Intend as (为——而)准备，打算使——成为Intended meaning 原来的意思原有目的Interest basis 利息法按利息分配损益的方法Interest cost 利息成本Interest payable 应付利息Interest period 计息期Interest rate 利率Interest-bearing note 附息票据Interest-free 无息的Internal 内部的Interpretation 解释Intuition 直觉，直觉行为Inventory 存货库存Inventory accounting 存货核算存货会计Inventory cost flow 库存成本流转Inventory cut-off 存货盘存存货盘点Inventory on consignment 寄销存货Inventory purchase 采购存货Inventory shrinkage 存货损耗Inventory taking 盘存盘点存货Inventory turnover 存货周转率Investing activity 投资活动Investing revenue 投资收益Invoice 发票Issuance 发行Issue bond and notes 发行债券及票据Issue debt 放债Issued stock 已发行股份Janitor 看门人Journal entry 日记账分录Journal 日记账Journalizing 登陆日记账Junk bond 地基债券Label 标记归类Labor dollar 工资Labor hour 工时Labor negotiation 劳动谈判劳资谈判Law firm 律师事务所Layer 层面Lease 租赁Lease obligation 租赁债务Lease payment 租赁付款Lease term 租赁期Lessee 承租人Leaser 出租人Leger 总账Legal formality 法律手续法律形式Lending and collecting loans 放贷及收贷Less 减去Liability 负债License 执照LIFO(last in first out) 后进先出法Limited liability 有限责任Limited life 有限的经营期限Liquid 流动的易转换成现款的Liquidation 清算清偿（企业的）资产清理Liquidity 流动性Liquidity ratio 流动性比率List price 零售价目录价格List sale price 目录销售价Long-lived asset 长期资产Long-run 长期的Long-standing 长期的Long-term asset 长期资产Long-term construction contract 长期建筑合同Long-term investment 长期投资Long-term liability 长期负债Long-term obligation 长期债务Loss on write-down of inventory 存货减记损失Lower of cost or market rule 成本与市场孰低法Lubricating oil 润滑油Lump-sum payment 一次总算支付Major operation 主营业务Make clear 澄清阐述Make loans to other entities 向其他实体放贷Make out 得出完成Manipulated 易受操控的Manufacturing business 制造业制造型企业Manufacturing company 制造公司Manufacturing cost 制造成本生产成本Manufacturing overhead （间接）制造费用Market interest rate 市场利率Market price 市场价格市值Marketable 适合市场销售的销售好的可市场买卖的Marketable securities 有价证券可转售证券适销证券MasterCard 万事达卡Matching concept 配合概念配比概念Matching principle 配比原则Matching rule 配比规则Material handler 材料员Material inventory 物资库存（原）材料盘存Mathematical 数学Maturity value 到期值Merchandise 商品Merchandising business 商业企业流通业Merchandising inventory 商品存货库存商品商品盘存Merchandiser 商人商业企业Merit 优点长处Mileage 英里数里程数Mineral deposit 矿藏Minus 减减去Miscellaneous expense 杂项费用，其他费用，杂项开支Modifier 修饰语，修饰成分Money order 汇款单Monitor 监视监控Monthly statement 月结单Mortgage agreement 抵押协议Mortgage bond 抵押债券Mortgage payable 应付抵押账款Multiple 倍倍数Multiply——by （用——乘以）Negative amount 负值Negative figure 负数负值Negatively 负面的Net asset 净资产Net cash flow 现金净流量Net change 变动净额Net effect 净效果Net income 净收入Net profit after income taxes 税后净利润Net purchase 购入净值进货净额Noncash asset 非现金资产Noncurrent 非流动的Nonoperating gains and losses 非营业性利得和损失Nonproduction cost 非生产性成本No-par stock 无面值股票Notion 观念概念NSF(nonsufficient fund)check 存款不足的支票Number of share 股数Number of shares of stock outstanding 在外股票的股数Objectively 客观的Obligation 债务义务责任Office salaries expense 办公室工资费用Office supplies expense 办公室材料费用Offset against 抵消Oil well 油井On account 赊销赊购赊账On credit 赊账One decimal place 一位小数小数点后一位Operating activity 经营活动Operating asset 营业资产Operating cycle 营业循环营业周期经营周期Operating expense 营业费用Operating income 营业收入营业收益营业所的Operating lease 营业租赁Order 订单Other accounts receivable 其他应收账款Other than （除了——除非——）Outflow 流出Output measure 产量测算法产量核算法Outstanding check 未兑现的支票Outstanding stock 流通在外的股票Over the long run 从长远的观点来看长期的Overall 综合的全部的包括一切的Overhaul 彻底检修大修Overhead cost 制造成本间接成本管理费用Overstate 多计Overstatement 过多的陈述多计多报Over-the-counter 柜台上的Overtime coffee 加班咖啡加班餐饮费Owner’s equity 所有者权益Owner’s interest 所有者权益P.R(posting reference)过账证明Packing material 包装材料Par 面值Participation参与Partnership 合伙企业Partnership accounting 合伙会计Partnership agreement 合伙契约Part-time help 非全日助手Par-value stock 有面值的股票Past-due 过期的逾期的Patent 专利Payment of dividends 支付股利Payroll 工资表工资单工资额Percent change 百分比变化Percentage-of-completion accounting 完工百分比核算法Performance 绩效业绩成果Period cost 期间成本Periodic inventory method 实地盘存法Periodic payment 定期付款定期支付Perpetual inventory method 永续盘存法Pertain to 属于Petty cash 零用钱小额现金Petty cash fund 领用基金Physical quantity 实物数量Pocket 据为己有Polling 集资向共同基金提供资金Positive amount 正值Posting 过账Precede 在——前面加上在——前面先说Preference 偏爱Preferred dividend 优先股股息Preferred stock 优先股Premium 溢价Pre-numbered check 有序列号的支票Prepaid expense 预付费用Prepaid insurance 预付保险费Prepaid rent 预付房租Prepare 编制（报表等）Present 提交展示Pretax book income 税前账面收入未扣税账面所得Previous 先前的以前的Price 定价Primary income statement 基本损益表Principle 本金Principle collection 收回本金Prior 优先的Proceeds 进款收入Product cost 成品成本Product selling business 销售产品的企业Product unit cost 单位产品成本Productive 富有成效的得益的Profit 利润Profit and lost distribution 损益分配Profit margin 净利比率Profit reporting procedure 利润报告程序Profitability 获利能力盈利能力Profitability ratio 盈利率Profitable operation 获取利润的经营Progress billing 进度账单阶段账单Progress billing on construction contract 建筑合同阶段账单Promissory note 期票本票Prompt payment 立即付款Property tax 财产税Property tax payable 应付财产税Proprietorship 独资企业Prospect 前景Provisions 条款规定Prudent 谨慎的Public utilities 公用事业股份公司Purchase 进货采购Purchase return 购货退回进货退回Purchase journal 进货日记账Purchase on account 赊购Pursue 追求Quick assets 速动资产Quick ratio 速动比率、R&D(research and development) 研发实验室Ratio analysis 比率分析Raw material 原料Real estate 不动产房地产Realizable 可实现的Realization concept 收益实现概念Realization of expense 费用的确定Reconcile 调节使协调使一致Redeem 赎回买回Redeemable preferred stock 可赎回优先股Reflect 折射反射反应Regardless of 不管不顾Registered bond 记名债券Regulate 管理控制Regulator 政府管理者Reimbursable 可收回的可补偿的Reimbursement 偿还偿付付还Relevant 相关的Rely on 依靠依赖Render 提供Rent expense 房租费用租赁费用Rent revenue 租赁收入Repairs and maintenance expense 维护费用Repay 偿还Repetitive 重复的Research and development cost 研发成本Restrictive 限制性的约束性的Result from (因——而)产生发生Retail 零售Retail store 零售店Retained earning 留存盈余Retained earnings statement 留存盈余表Return on total assets 总资产收益率Revenue 收入收益Revenue recognition 收入的确定营业收入的确定Revenue-producing operating 获取总收入的经营Review 回顾Round 把——四舍五入Sacrifice 牺牲Safeguard 保护保障Salaries payable 应付薪金应付工资Salary basis 工资法Salary-interest basis 工资利息法Sales contract 销售合同Sales discount 销售折扣Sales on account 赊销Sales returns and allowance 销货退回及折让Sales salaries expense 销售工资费用Sales tax 销售税营业税Salvage value 残值Secured bond 有保（公司）债券Self-manufactured semi-finished product 自制半成品Selling and administrative expense 销售及管理费用Selling cost 销售成本Selling expense 销售成本Semiannual 半年，每半年的Serial bond 分期偿还（公司）债券，序列（公司）债券Service business 服务业Service enterprise 服务型企业Service firm 服务性企业Settle 结算Share 股票Shareholder investment 股东投资Shares outstanding 流通在外的股票，发行在外的股票Shipping expense 运费Shipping supplies expense 运输材料费Short-term asset 短期资产Short-term investment 短期投资Showroom 样品间展厅Skepticism 怀疑态度Slippery 把握不准的不稳定的不明确的Solvency analysis 偿付能力分析Solvency ratio 偿付比率Special delivery service 特快专递服务Special journal 特种日记账Special identification method 个别辨认法Specify 明确说明详细的说明Spice 香料调味料Stated ratio 设定比例固定比例Statement of cash flow 现金流量表Sticker price 卷标价格Stock 股票Stock certificate 股权证Stock issuance 股票的发行Stockholder 股东，股票持有者Stockholders’ equity 股东权益Stock-option 认股权购股选择权Stockroom personal 仓库管理人员库管Straight-line amortization 直线摊销Straight-line depreciation method 直线折旧法Straight-line method 直线法Subscriber 订阅者Subscription 订阅订购Subsequent payment 分期缴付Subtotal 小计Subtract 减去Successive 连续的Sufficient 足够的Suit 一套衣服Summarize 汇总Sundry 杂的多项的Supervisor 检察员监察员Supplement 补充Supplier 供货商Supplies 材料Synonym 同义词T account 丁字账户Take inventory 盘存Take preference over 对——具有优先权Tangible asset 有形资产Tax benefit 纳税利益Tax effect 课税效果税收效应Tax exemption 免税Tax rate 税率Taxable income 应纳税收入需纳税的收入Taxi fare 搭乘出租车费用Taxing authorities 税务部门Temporary account 临时账户Term bond 定期（公司）债券Term of consignment 寄售条款寄售条件The converse 相反的事物Timber tract 伐木道路Time deposit 定期存款Time-consuming 耗时的Title of account 账户名称To date 到现在为止到目前为止至今Total assets turnover 总资产周转率Trace 追溯查出找到Trade discount 商业折扣Transaction 会计事项Transfer 转账Transfer of ownership 所有权转让Traveling expense 差旅费Treasury bill 短期国国库券Treasury note (美)国库券Treasury stock 库存股票Uncertainty 不确定的事物Uncollectible （a）无法收回的(b)无法收回的账项Uncollectible account 坏账呆账Uncover 揭开——的盖子，暴露Understate 少计Understatement 不完全陈述不充分陈述少计少报Unearned revenue 预收收入递延收入Unexpected 意外的Uniform Partnership Act 《统一合伙条例》Unincorporated business 非股份制企业Union 工会Union dues 工会会费Unique 无比的独一无二的不寻常的Units-of-production depreciation method 产量单位折旧法Unlimited liability 无限责任Unregistered bond 无记名债券Unsecured bond 无担保债券Utility expense 公用事业费Utilities payable 应付公用事业费Utmost 最大的极度的Van 面包车微型车Vendor 卖主出卖人叫卖商Verification 核实验证Vertical analysis 垂直分析纵向分析VISA 维萨卡Void 作废的Voluntary association 自愿的联盟Weighted-average method 加权平均法Well-offness 好的境遇繁荣昌盛生意兴隆Withdraw （v）撤回撤资撤Withdrawal (n) 撤回撤资撤伙Withdrawal account 提取账户Withhold 预扣Withholding tax 预扣税款Work in process inventory 在制品盘存在产品存货Working capital 运营资本，流动资金Working capital ratio 运营资本比率Workmanship 工艺技艺做工Write-down 减记化减Zero-interest bond 无息债券。
国际会计科目中英文对照
国际会计科目中英文对照Account帐户Accounting system会计系统AmericanAccountingAssociation美国会计协会AmericanInstituteofCPAs美国注册会计师协会Audit审计Balance sheet资产负债表Bookkeepking簿记Cash flow prospects现金流量预测Certificate in Internal Auditing内部审计证书CertificateinManagementAccounting管理会计证书Certificate Public Accountant注册会计师Cost accounting成本会计External users外部使用者Financial accounting财务会计Financial Accounting Standards Board财务会计准则委员会Financial forecast财务预测Generallyacceptedaccountingprinciples公认会计原则General-purpose information通用目的信息GovernmentAccountingOffice政府会计办公室Income statement损益表InstituteofInternalAuditors内部审计师协会InstituteofManagementAccountants管理会计师协会Integrity整合性Internal auditing内部审计Internal control structure内部控制结构Internal Revenue Service国内收入署Internal users内部使用者Management accounting管理会计Return of investment投资回报Return on investment投资报酬SecuritiesandExchangeCommission证券交易委员会Statement of cash flow现金流量表Statement of financial position财务状况表Tax accounting税务会计Accounting equation会计等式Articulation勾稽关系Assets资产Business entity企业个体Capital stock股本Corporation公司Cost principle成本原则Creditor债权人Deflation通货紧缩Disclosure批露Expenses费用Financial statement财务报表Financial activities筹资活动Going-concern assumption持续经营假设Inflation通货膨涨Investing activities投资活动Liabilities负债Negative cash flow负现金流量Operating activities经营活动Owners equity所有者权益Partnership合伙企业Positive cash flow正现金流量Retained earning留存利润Revenue收入Sole proprietorship独资企业Solvency清偿能力Stable-dollar assumption稳定货币假设Stockholders股东Stockholders equity股东权益Window dressing门面粉饰财会名词汉英对照表（1）会计与会计理论会计accounting决策人Decision Maker投资人Investor股东Shareholder债权人Creditor财务会计Financial Accounting管理会计Management Accounting成本会计Cost Accounting 私业会计Private Accounting公众会计Public Accounting注册会计师CPA Certified Public Accountant国际会计准则委员会IASC美国注册会计师协会AICPA财务会计准则委员会FASB管理会计协会IMA美国会计学会AAA税务稽核署IRS独资企业Proprietorship合伙人企业Partnership公司Corporation会计目标Accounting Objectives会计假设Accounting Assumptions会计要素Accounting Elements会计原则Accounting Principles会计实务过程Accounting Procedures财务报表Financial Statements财务分析Financial Analysis会计主体假设Separate-entity Assumption 货币计量假设Unit-of-measure Assumption 持续经营假设Continuity（Going-concern）Assumption会计分期假设Time-period Assumption资产Asset负债Liability业主权益Owners Equity收入Revenue费用Expense收益Income亏损Loss历史成本原则Cost Principle收入实现原则Revenue Principle配比原则Matching Principle全面披露原则Full-disclosure（Reporting）Principle客观性原则Objective Principle一致性原则Consistent Principle可比性原则Comparability Principle重大性原则Materiality Principle稳健性原则Conservatism Principle权责发生制Accrual Basis现金收付制Cash Basis财务报告Financial Report流动资产Current assets流动负债Current Liabilities 长期负债Long-term Liabilities投入资本Contributed Capital留存收益Retained Earning（2）会计循环会计循环Accounting Procedure/Cycle会计信息系统AccountinginformationSystem帐户Ledger会计科目Account会计分录Journal entry原始凭证Source Document日记帐Journal总分类帐General Ledger明细分类帐Subsidiary Ledger试算平衡Trial Balance现金收款日记帐Cash receipt journal现金付款日记帐Cash disbursements journal销售日记帐Sales Journal购货日记帐Purchase Journal普通日记帐General Journal工作底稿Worksheet调整分录Adjusting entries结帐Closing entries（3）现金与应收帐款现金Cash银行存款Cash in bank库存现金Cash in hand流动资产Current assets偿债基金Sinking fund定额备用金Imprest petty cash支票Check（cheque）银行对帐单Bank statement银行存款调节表Bankreconciliationstatement在途存款Outstanding deposit在途支票Outstanding check应付凭单Vouchers payable应收帐款Account receivable应收票据Note receivable起运点交货价F.O.B shipping point目的地交货价F.O.B destination point商业折扣Trade discount现金折扣Cash discount销售退回及折让Sales return and allowance坏帐费用Bad debt expense备抵法Allowance method备抵坏帐Bad debt allowance损益表法Income statement approach资产负债表法Balance sheet approach 帐龄分析法Aging analysis method直接冲销法Direct write-off method 带息票据Interest bearing note不带息票据Non-interest bearing note 出票人Maker受款人Payee本金Principal利息率Interest rate到期日Maturity date本票Promissory note贴现Discount背书Endorse拒付费Protest fee（4）存货存货Inventory商品存货Merchandise inventory产成品存货Finished goods inventory 在产品存货Work in process inventory 原材料存货Raw materials inventory 起运地离岸价格F.O.B shipping point目的地抵岸价格F.O.B destination寄销Consignment寄销人Consignor承销人Consignee定期盘存Periodic inventory永续盘存Perpetual inventory购货Purchase购货折让和折扣Purchaseallowanceanddiscounts存货盈余或短缺Inventoryoveragesandshortages分批认定法Specific identification加权平均法Weighted average先进先出法First-in, first-out or FIFO后进先出法Lost-in, first-out or LIFO移动平均法Moving average 成本或市价孰低法Lowerofcostormarketor LCM市价Market value重置成本Replacement cost可变现净值Net realizable value上限Upper limit下限Lower limit毛利法Gross margin method零售价格法Retail method成本率Cost ratio（5）长期投资长期投资Long-term investment长期股票投资Investment on stocks长期债券投资Investment on bonds成本法Cost method权益法Equity method合并法Consolidation method股利宣布日Declaration date股权登记日Date of record除息日Ex-dividend date付息日Payment date债券面值Face value, Par value债券折价Discount on bonds债券溢价Premium on bonds票面利率Contract interest rate, stated rate市场利率Market interest ratio, Effective rate普通股Common Stock优先股Preferred Stock现金股利Cash dividends股票股利Stock dividends清算股利Liquidating dividends到期日Maturity date到期值Maturity value直线摊销法Straight-Linemethodofamortization实际利息摊销法Effective-interestmethodof amortization（6）固定资产固定资产Plant assets or Fixed assets原值Original value预计使用年限Expected useful life预计残?nbsp;Estimated residual value 折旧费用Depreciation expense累计折旧Accumulated depreciation帐面价值Carrying value应提折旧成本Depreciation cost净值Net value在建工程Construction-in-process磨损Wear and tear过时Obsolescence直线法Straight-line method（SL）工作量法Units-of-productionmethod（UOP）加速折旧法Accelerateddepreciationmethod双倍余额递减法Double-decliningbalance method（DDB）年数总和法Sum-of-the-years-digitsmethod （SYD）以旧换新Trade in经营租赁Operating lease融资租赁Capital lease廉价购买权Bargain purchase option（BPO）资产负债表外筹资Off-balance-sheet financing最低租赁付款额Minimum lease payments （7）无形资产无形资产Intangible assets专利权Patents商标权Trademarks, Trade names著作权Copyrights特许权或专营权Franchises商誉Goodwill开办费Organization cost租赁权Leasehold摊销Amortization（8）流动负债负债Liability流动负债Current liability应付帐款Account payable应付票据Notes payable贴现票据Discount notes长期负债一年内到期部分Currentmaturities of long-term liabilities应付股利Dividends payable预收收益Prepayments by customers存入保证金Refundable deposits应付费用Accrual expense增值税value added tax营业税Business tax应付所得税Income tax payable应付奖金Bonuses payable产品质量担保负债Estimatedliabilitiesunder product warranties赠品和兑换券Premiums,couponsandtrading stamps或有事项Contingency或有负债Contingent或有损失Loss contingencies或有利得Gain contingencies永久性差异Permanent difference时间性差异Timing difference应付税款法Taxes payable method纳税影响会计法Taxeffectaccountingmethod递延所得税负债法Deferredincometaxliability method（9）长期负债长期负债Long-term Liabilities应付公司债券Bonds payable有担保品的公司债券Secured Bonds抵押公司债券Mortgage Bonds 保证公司债券Guaranteed Bonds信用公司债券Debenture Bonds一次还本公司债券Term Bonds分期还本公司债券Serial Bonds可转换公司债券Convertible Bonds可赎回公司债券Callable Bonds 可要求公司债券Redeemable Bonds记名公司债券Registered Bonds 无记名公司债券Coupon Bonds普通公司债券Ordinary Bonds收益公司债券Income Bonds名义利率，票面利率Nominal rate实际利率Actual rate有效利率Effective rate溢价Premium折价Discount面值Par value直线法Straight-line method实际利率法Effective interest method 到期直接偿付Repayment at maturity 提前偿付Repayment at advance偿债基金Sinking fund长期应付票据Long-term notes payable 抵押借款Mortgage loan（10）业主权益权益Equity业主权益Owners equity股东权益Stockholders equity投入资本Contributed capital缴入资本Paid-in capital股本Capital stock资本公积Capital surplus留存收益Retained earnings核定股本Authorized capital stock实收资本Issued capital stock发行在外股本Outstanding capital stock 库藏股Treasury stock普通股Common stock优先股Preferred stock累积优先股Cumulative preferred stock非累积优先股Noncumulativepreferredstock完全参加优先股Fullyparticipatingpreferred stock部分参加优先股Partiallyparticipating preferred stock非部分参加优先股Nonpartially participating preferred stock现金发行Issuance for cash非现金发行Issuancefornoncash consideration股票的合并发行Lump-sum sales of stock发行成本Issuance cost成本法Cost method面值法Par value method捐赠资本Donated capital盈余分配Distribution of earnings股利Dividend 股利政策Dividend policy宣布日Date of declaration股权登记日Date of record除息日Ex-dividend date股利支付日Date of payment现金股利Cash dividend股票股利Stock dividend拨款appropriation（11）财务报表财务报表Financial Statement资产负债表Balance Sheet收益表Income Statement帐户式Account Form报告式Report Form编制（报表）Prepare工作底稿Worksheet多步式Multi-step单步式Single-step（12）财务状况变动表财务状况变动表中的现金基础SCFP.CashBasis（现金流量表）财务状况变动表中的营运资金基础SCFP.Working Capital Basis （资金来源与运用表）营运资金Working Capital全部资源概念All-resources concept直接:)业务Direct exchanges正常营业活动Normal operating activities财务活动Financing activities 投资活动Investing activities（13）财务报表分析财务报表分析Analysisoffinancialstatements比较财务报表Comparativefinancialstatements趋势百分比Trend percentage比率Ratios普通股每股收益Earningspershareofcommon stock股利收益率Dividend yield ratio价益比Price-earnings ratio普通股每股帐面价值Bookvaluepershareof common stock资本报酬率Return on investment总资产报酬率Return on total asset债券收益率Yield rate on bonds已获利息倍数Numberoftimesinterestearned债券比率Debt ratio优先股收益率Yield rate on preferred stock营运资本Working Capital周转Turnover存货周转率Inventory turnover应收帐款周转率Accountsreceivable turnover流动比率Current ratio速动比率Quick ratio酸性试验比率Acid test ratio （14）合并财务报表合并财务报表Consolidatedfinancial statements吸收合并Merger创立合并Consolidation控股公司Parent company附属公司Subsidiary company少数股权Minority interest权益联营合并Pooling of interest购买合并Combination by purchase 权益法Equity method成本法Cost method（15）物价变动中的会计计量物价变动之会计Price-levelchangesaccounting一般物价水平会计Generalprice-levelaccounting货币购买力会计Purchasing-poweraccounting统一币值会计Constant dollar accounting历史成本Historical cost现行价值会计Current value accounting现行成本Current cost重置成本Replacement cost物价指数Price-level index国民生产总值物价指数Grossnationalproductimplicitpricedeflator （orGNPdeflator）消费物价指数Consumer price index（or CPI）批发物价指数Wholesale price index货币性资产Monetary assets货币性负债Monetary liabilities货币购买力损益Purchasing-powergainsorlosses资产持有损益Holding gains or losses未实现的资产持有损益Unrealizedholdinggains or losses现行价值与统一币值会计Constantdollarand current cost accounting21/ 21。
mba fa 《financial accounting》 习题答案4
CHAPTER 4THE MECHANICS OF FINANCIAL ACCOUNTINGBRIEF EXERCISESBE4–1Transaction Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders’ Equity Paid $3,656 to purchase + 3,656property, plant and equip. - 3,656Issued common stock + 967 = + 967for $967Recorded depreciation -4,651 = -4,651of $4,651Net effect -3,684 = -3,684b. The transaction to purchase property, plant and equipment does not appear to affect theaccounting equation. This is because both sides of the transaction affect the asset side of the balance sheet. Intel pays cash for p,p,&e; this reduces cash and increases fixed assets. All of the other transactions affect both sides of the balance sheet.BE4–2Transaction Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders’ Equity Borrowed $350 from banks, + 350 = +350issuing long-term debtPaid cash dividends of $208 - 208 = - 208Issued common stock for $28 + 28 = +28Paid $250 to reducelong-term debt -250 = -250 ___Net effect - 80 = +100 -180b. The net effect on the company’s long-term debt balance is to increase it by $100. Two sourcesthat could have provided the cash to finance the net effect of these four transactions are funds from operations and funds from investing activities. All of the transactions shown here are financing activities, which show a use of $80 for financing activities.1BE4–3Transaction Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders’ Equity Recognized revenues +953 = +953of $953, in exchange foraccounts receivable.Paid $431 for sales and -431 = -431marketing.Issued common stock for $78 +78 = +78Purchased marketable -1,166securities for $1,166 +1,166 = _____Net effect +600 = +600b. The first and second transactions would be reflected on the income statement. Yahoo wouldshow $953 of revenue on the income statement. Yahoo would also show sales and marketing expense of $431.All of these transactions would directly or indirectly be reflected on the statement of cash flows.The first two transactions would be netted in the cash from operations section, the third transaction would be in the financing section and the fourth transaction would be in the operations section.EXERCISESE4–1Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders' Equity(1) + 30,000 + 30,000(2) – 20,000+ 20,000(3) + 9,000 +9,000(4) + 8,000 + 8,000(5) – 5,500 – 5,500(6) – 500 – 500Total 41,000 9,000 32,000Note:Transactions (4), (5), and (6) are initially recorded in temporary accounts and are closed into the Retained Earnings account, which is part of stockholders' equity.E4–2Assets = Liabilities +Stockholders' EquityAccounts Notes Contributed RetainedCash + Receivable + Land = Payable + Capital + Earnings(1) + 30,000 +30,000(2) – 20,000 +20,000(3) + 9,000 +9,000(4) +8,000 + 8,000(5) – 5,500 – 5,500(6) – 500 – 500 Total 13,000 8,000 20,000 9,000 30,000 2,000Note:Transactions (4), (5), and (6) are initially recorded in temporary accounts and are closed into the Retained Earnings account, which is part of stockholders' equity.E4–3X CompanyIncome StatementFor the Year EndedRevenues..................................................................................................$ 8,000Operating expenses..................................................................................5,500Net income................................................................................................$ 2,500X CompanyStatement of Stockholders’ EquityFor the Year EndedContributed RetainedCapital EarningsBeginning balance $ 0 $ 0Net income 2,500Dividends (500)Owner contribution 30,000 _______Ending balance $ 30,000 $ 2,000X CompanyBalance SheetAs ofAssets Liabilities and Stockholders' EquityCash ....................................$ 13,000 Notes payable........................$ 9,000Accounts receivable.............8,000 Contributed capital.................30,000Land ....................................20,000 Retained earnings..................2,000Total liabilities andTotal assets..........................$41,000 stockholders' equity...........$ 41,000E4–3 ConcludedX CompanyStatement of Cash FlowsFor the Year EndedCash flows from operating activities:Cash payments for expenses..................................... $ (5,500) Cash flows from investing activities:Purchase of land......................................................... (20,000) Cash flows from financing activities:Cash contributions from owners................................ $ 30,000Proceeds from bank loan........................................... 9,000Payments of cash dividend (500)Net cash flow from financing activities.................. 38,500 Net increase in cash........................................................ $ 13,000 Beginning cash balance.. 0Ending cash balance....................................................... $ 13,000 E4–4Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders' Equity(1) +10,000 + 10,000(2) + 8,000 + 8,000(3) – 3,000 + 3,000 – 6,000(4) +12,000 + 10,000– 2,000(5) – 400 – 400(6) + 7,000 + 1,000– 6,000Total 25,600 13,000 12,600Cathedral EnterprisesIncome StatementFor the Year EndedFees earned.................................................................................................$ 8,000 Expenses......................................................................................................(6,000) Gain on sale of land.....................................................................................1,000 Net income...................................................................................................$ 3,000 E4–4 ConcludedCathedral EnterprisesStatement of Stockholders’ EquityFor the Year EndedContributed RetainedCapital EarningsBeginning balance $ 0 $ 0Net income 3,000Dividends (400)Stockholder contribution 10,000 ______Ending balance $ 10,000 $ 2,600Cathedral EnterprisesBalance SheetAs ofAssets Liabilities and Stockholders' EquityCash ....................................$ 17,600 Misc. payable.........................$ 3,000Receivables..........................2,000 Long-term note......................10,000Land ....................................6,000 Contributed capital.................10,000Retained earnings..................2,600Total liabilities andTotal assets..........................$25,600 stockholders' equity...........$25,600Cathedral EnterprisesStatement of Cash FlowsFor the Year EndedCash flows from operating activities:Cash collected from customers.................................. $ 6,000Cash paid for expenses.............................................. (3,000)Net cash increase from operating activities.......... $ 3,000 Cash flows from investing activities:Proceeds from sale of land........................................ $ 7,000Cash paid for land...................................................... (2,000)Net cash increase from investing activities........... 5,000 Cash flows from financing activities:Contributions from stockholders................................ $ 10,000Dividends paid to stockholders (400)Net cash increase from financing activities........... 9,600 Increase in cash.............................................................. $ 17,600Beginning cash balance 0Ending cash balance....................................................... $ 17,600Note: Even though $12,000 worth of land was purchased only $2,000 is shown on this statement because the balance ($10,000) was paid for with a promise to pay cash in the future (loan). So only $2,000 of cash was used this year.E4–5(1) This financial event does not have accounting significance. Entries are made to record financialevents that affect the company's current financial condition. In this case, the new contract will affect the company's future financial condition by affecting the dollar value of future events as the new contract is implemented. Simply signing the contract does not affect the company's current financial position.(2) This financial event does have accounting significance. The receipt of cash in exchange forissuing debt affects the company's current financial position by increasing both the amount of cash the company has and the obligations the company has to other entities. Thus, an entry is necessary, and the entry would be:Cash (+A)................................................................................. 200,000Bonds Payable (+L)............................................................ 200,000 Issued bonds.(3) This event does not have accounting significance. The retirement of an official does notinfluence the company's current financial position.(4) This financial event does have accounting significance. Receiving cash from a customer wouldchange the company's current financial position. The entry would be:Cash (+A)................................................................................. 10,000Accounts Receivable (–A).................................................. 10,000 Collected cash from customers.(5) This financial event does have accounting significance. Payment of a liability will change acompany's current financial position by decreasing both the amount of cash the company has and the company's obligations to other entities. The entry would be:Accrued Interest Payable (–L).................................................. 1,000Cash (–A)........................................................................... 1,000 Paid interest previously incurred.(6) This financial event does not have accounting significance. Long-lived assets are reported atoriginal cost less accumulated depreciation. Increases in market value above the reported amounts are not reported because market values on long-lived assets are not objective (i.e., are not reliable).(7) This financial event does have accounting significance. The purchase of an insurance policyrepresents a change in the company's financial position because the company has less cash and because the company has acquired the benefit of insurance coverage. However, the value of the policy has no influence on the company. The appropriate entry would be:Prepaid Insurance (+A)............................................................ 1,500Cash (–A)........................................................................... 1,500 Purchased insurance coverage.(8) This financial event does not have accounting significance. Simply placing an order does notaffect a company's financial position. That is, the company has not experienced a change in the amount of cash it has, the amount it owes other entities, and so forth. The company's position does not change until it legally owns the goods.E4–6Account Financial Statement Accounting EquationFlight Equipment Balance Sheet AssetsPassenger Revenue Income Statement Owners’ EquityRetained Earnings Balance Sheet Owners’ EquityNotes Payable Balance Sheet LiabilitiesInterest Expense Income Statement Owners’ EquityAccounts Receivable Balance Sheet AssetsDividends Balance Sheet Owners’ EquityPrepaid Expenses Balance Sheet AssetsAccounts Payable Balance Sheet LiabilitiesCommon Stock Balance Sheet Owners’ EquityFuel Expense Income Statement Owners’ EquityOther Revenues Income Statement Owners’ EquityShort-Term Investments Balance Sheet AssetsDepreciation Expense Income Statement Owners’ EquityGain - Sale of Investment Income Statement Owners’ EquityE4–7Bristol-Myers SquibbIncome StatementFor the Year Ended December 31, 2002Revenue:Sales........................................................................... $18,106Loss on sales of business (30)Total revenue......................................................... $ 18,076 Expenses:Cost of goods sold...................................................... $ 6,532Selling and adm. Expense.......................................... 4,124Advertising and product expense............................... 1,143Research and dev. expense....................................... 2,206Other expenses.......................................................... 1,934Total expenses....................................................... 15,939 Net income...................................................................... $ 2,137 E4–7 ConcludedBristol-Myers SquibbBalance SheetAs of December 31, 2002Assets Liabilities and Stockholders' EquityCash and equivalents...........$ 2,367 Accounts payable...................$ 1,551 Marketable securities...........1,622Accounts receivable.............2,968 Accrued payables..................5,087 Other current assets.............3,103 Short-term borrowings...........1,379Other current liabilities (470)Property, plant and equipment 5,334 Long-term liabilities................7,779Other noncurrent assets.......9,628 Stockholders’ equity...............8,756Total liabilities andTotal assets..........................$ 25,022 stockholders’ equity $ 25,022Bristol-Myers SquibbStatement of Cash FlowsFor the Year Ended December 31, 2002Cash flows from operating activities:Net income................................................... $ 2,137Adjustments:Total adjustments.................................... (1,192)Net cash increase (decrease)due to operating activities................... $ 945 Cash flows from investing activities:Net cash increase (decrease) due toinvesting activities............................... (2,030) Cash flows from financing activities:Net cash increase (decrease) due tofinancing activities............................... (1,117) Increase in cash balance.................................. $ (2,202)Beginning cash balance.................................... 4,569Ending cash balance......................................... $ 2,367The company appears to be in very good financial condition. The company is very profitable with a 12% net income margin ($2,137/$18,106). The company has an extremely strong balance sheet with very good liquidity; working capital is $1,573 ($10,060 - $8,487).E4–8a. Ending cash = Beginning cash + Cash inflows – Cash outflows= $9,000 + $133,500 – $99,500= $43,000Note: Since Cash is an asset, cash inflows are recorded on the debit, or left-hand side of the T account, and cash outflows are recorded on the credit, or right-hand side of the Taccount.b.Miller ManufacturingStatement of Cash FlowsFor the Year Ended December 31, 2006Cash flows from operating activities:Cash collections from customers............................... $ 95,000Payment of salaries.................................................... (26,500)Payment of miscellaneous expenses......................... (13,000)Payment of rent.......................................................... (7,000)Payment of interest..................................................... (3,000)Net cash increase from operating activities.......... $ 45,500 Cash flows from investing activities:Proceeds from sale of land........................................ $ 7,500Purchase of long-term investments........................... (10,000)Purchase of equipment.............................................. (24,000)Net cash decrease from investing activities.......... (26,500) Cash flows from financing activities:Proceeds from issuance of common stock................ $ 15,000Proceeds from borrowing........................................... 16,000Payment of bank loan................................................. (12,000)Payment of dividends................................................. (4,000)Net cash increase from financing activities........... 15,000 Increase (decrease) in cash balance.............................. $ 34,000 Beginning cash balance.................................................. 9,000 Ending cash balance....................................................... $ 43,000E4–9a.(1) Cash (+A)........................................................................... 15,000Common Stock (+SE)................................................... 15,000 Issued common stock.(2) Cash (+A)........................................................................... 4,000Fees Earned (R, +SE)................................................... 4,000 Sold services for cash.(3) Wage Expense (E, –SE).................................................... 1,600Cash (–A)...................................................................... 1,600 Incurred and paid wages.(4) Investment in Land (+A)..................................................... 9,000Cash (–A)...................................................................... 9,000Purchased land as an investment.(5) Dividends (–SE)................................................................. 2,000Cash (–A)...................................................................... 2,000 Declared and paid dividend.(6) Cash (+A)........................................................................... 3,500Land (–A)....................................................................... 3,000Gain on Sale of Land (Ga, +SE) (500)Sold land.(7) Interest Expense (E, –SE) (600)Note Payable (+L) (900)Cash (–A)...................................................................... 1,500 Made principal and interest payment.(8) Miscellaneous Expenses (E, –SE)..................................... 1,800Cash (–A)...................................................................... 1,800 Incurred and paid miscellaneous expenses.b.E4–9 Concludedc.Small and AssociatesStatement of Cash FlowsFor the Month Ended January 31, 2006Cash flows from operating activities:Collections from customers........................................ $ 4,000Payment of wages...................................................... (1,600)Payment of interest (600)Payment of miscellaneous expenses......................... (1,800)Net cash decrease from investing activities.......... $ 0 Cash flows from investing activities:Proceeds from sale of land........................................ $ 3,500Purchase of land......................................................... (9,000)Net cash decrease from investing activities.......... (5,500)Cash flows from financing activities:Proceeds from issuance of stock............................... $15,000Repayment of note (900)Dividend payment....................................................... (2,000)Net cash increase from financing activities........... 12,100 Increase in cash balance................................................ $ 6,600 Beginning cash balance.................................................. 5,000 Ending cash balance....................................................... $ 11,600E4–10a. Assets = Liabilities + Stockholders' EquityAccounts Notes Contributed Retained Cash + Receivable + Land = Payable + Capital + Earnings(1) + 12,000 +12,000(2) + 5,000 + 5,000(3) – 10,000 + 10,000(4) – 5,000 – 5,000(5) + 10,000 +4,000 + 14,000(6) – 4,000 – 4,000(7) + 2,800 – 3,000 – 200(8) – 2,200 – 2,200 Total 8,600 4,000 7,000 5,000 12,000 2,600Ed's Lawn ServiceIncome StatementFor the Year Ended December 31, 2006Revenue.......................................................................... $14,000 Rent expense.................................................................. (5,000) Miscellaneous expense................................................... (4,000) Loss on sale of land.. (200)Net income...................................................................... $ 4,800Ed's Lawn ServiceStatement of Stockholders’ EquityFor the Year Ended December 31, 2006Contributed RetainedCapital EarningsBeginning balance, January 1, 2006 $ 0 $ 0Net income 4,800Dividends (2,200)Stockholder contribution 12,000 ______Ending balance, December 31, 2006 $ 12,000 $ 2,600Ed's Lawn ServiceBalance SheetAs of December 31, 2006Assets Liabilities and Stockholders' EquityCash ....................................$ 8,600 Notes payable........................$ 5,000 Accounts receivable.............4,000 Contributed capital.................12,000 Land ....................................7,000 Retained earnings..................2,600Total liabilities andTotal assets..........................$19,600 stockholders' equity...........$ 19,600E4–10 ContinuedEd's Lawn ServiceStatement of Cash FlowsFor the Year Ended December 31, 2006Cash flows from operating activities:Cash collected from customers.................................. $ 10,000Rent payments on lawn equipment............................ (5,000)Payment of miscellaneous expenses......................... (4,000)Net cash increase from operating activities.......... $ 1,000 Cash flows from investing activities:Proceeds from sale of land........................................ $ 2,800Cash paid for land...................................................... (10,000)Net cash decrease from investing activities.......... (7,200) Cash flows from financing activities:Stockholder contributions........................................... $ 12,000Proceeds from bank loan........................................... 5,000Dividend payments..................................................... (2,200)Net cash increase from financing activities........... 14,800 Increase in cash.............................................................. $ 8,600 Beginning cash balance.. 0Ending cash balance....................................................... $ 8,600b.(1) Cash (+A)........................................................................... 12,000Contributed Capital (+SE)............................................. 12,000 Collected cash from stockholders.(2) Cash (+A)........................................................................... 5,000Notes Payable (+L)........................................................ 5,000 Borrowed cash from bank.(3) Land (+A)........................................................................... 10,000Cash (–A)...................................................................... 10,000 Purchased land.(4) Rent Expense (E, –SE)...................................................... 5,000Cash (–A)...................................................................... 5,000 Incurred and paid rent expense.(5) Cash (+A)........................................................................... 10,000Accounts Receivable (+A)................................................. 4,000Fees Earned (R, +SE)................................................... 14,000 Rendered services.(6) Miscellaneous Expenses (E, –SE)..................................... 4,000Cash (–A)...................................................................... 4,000 Incurred and paid miscellaneous expenses.E4–10 Continued(7) Cash (+A)........................................................................... 2,800Loss on Sale of Land (Lo, –SE) (200)Land (–A)....................................................................... 3,000 Sold land.(8) Dividends (–SE)................................................................. 2,200Cash (–A)...................................................................... 2,200 Declared and paid cash dividend.*The Ending Balance in the Retained Earnings account is derived by the following formula: Beginning Balance + Revenues – Expenses – Dividends.For a check, refer to the statement of retained earnings.E4–10 ConcludedEd's Lawn ServiceIncome StatementFor the Year Ended December 31, 2006Revenue................................................................................................. $ 14,000 Rent expense......................................................................................... (5,000) Miscellaneous expense.......................................................................... (4,000) Loss on sale of land. (200)Net income............................................................................................. $ 4,800Ed's Lawn ServiceStatement of Stockholders’ EquityFor the Year Ended December 31, 2006Contributed RetainedCapital EarningsBeginning balance, January 1, 2006 $ 0 $ 0Net income 4,800Dividends (2,200)Stockholder contribution 12,000 _____Ending balance, December 31, 2006 $ 12,000 $ 2,600Ed's Lawn ServiceBalance SheetAs of December 31, 2006Assets Liabilities and Stockholders' EquityCash .................................... $ 8,600 Notes payable........................ $ 5,000 Accounts receivable.............4,000 Contributed capital................. 12,000 Land ....................................7,000 Retained earnings.................. 2,600Total liabilities andTotal assets..........................$19,600 stockholders' equity........... $19,600Ed's Lawn ServiceStatement of Cash FlowsFor the Year Ended December 31, 2006Cash flows from operating activities:Cash collected from customers.................................. $ 10,000Rent payments on lawn equipment............................ (5,000)Payment of miscellaneous expenses......................... (4,000)Net cash increase from operating activities.......... $ 1,000 Cash flows from investing activities:Proceeds from sale of land........................................ $ 2,800Cash paid for land...................................................... (10,000)Net cash decrease from investing activities.......... (7,200) Cash flows from financing activities:Stockholder contributions........................................... $ 12,000Proceeds from bank loan........................................... 5,000Dividend payments..................................................... (2,200)Net cash increase from financing activities........... 14,800 Increase in cash.............................................................. $ 8,600 Beginning cash balance.. 0Ending cash balance....................................................... $ 8,600E4–11a. Ending cash balance = $8,000 + $109,500 – $90,000 = $27,500b.Holcomb ManufacturingStatement of Cash FlowsFor the Year Ended December 31, 2006Cash flows from operating activities:Cash collections from customers............................... $ 74,000Payments for inventory............................................... (34,000)Payment of wages...................................................... (16,000)Payment of administrative expenses......................... (12,000)Payment of interest..................................................... (3,000)Net cash increase due to operating activities........ $ 9,000 Cash flows from investing activities:Proceeds from long-term investments....................... $ 12,500Purchase of equipment.............................................. (11,000)Net cash increase due to investing activities........ $ 1,500 Cash flows from financing activities:Proceeds from issuance of common stock................ $ 14,000Proceeds from borrowing........................................... 9,000Repayment of bank loan............................................ (10,000)Payment of dividends................................................. (4,000)Net cash increase due to financing activities........ 9,000 Increase in cash balance................................................ $ 19,500 Beginning cash balance.................................................. 8,000 Ending cash balance....................................................... $ 27,500 E4–12a. (1) The entry is to record rent incurred but not yet paid.(2) The entry is to record the expiration of a previously purchased insurance policy.(3) The entry is to record the expiration of a portion of a fixed asset cost.(4) The entry is to record interest revenue earned but not yet collected.(5) The entry is to record the expiration of a deferred revenue.b. (1) Accrual adjusting entry(2) Cost expiration adjusting entry(3) Cost expiration adjusting entry(4) Accrual adjusting entry(5) Cost expiration adjusting entryE4–13(1) Accrual adjusting entry (7) Investing cash flow(2) Operating cash flow (8) Cost expiration adjusting entry(3) Financing cash flow (9) Operating cash flow(4) Cost expiration adjusting entry (10) Cost expiration adjusting entry(5) Cost expiration adjusting entry (11) Operating cash flow(6) Operating cash flow (12) Cost expiration adjusting entry。
IntermediateAccounting教科书上习题答案（byJDavidSpiceland）
IntermediateAccounting教科书上习题答案（byJDavidSpiceland）Chapter 7 Cash and ReceivablesQUESTIONS FOR REVIEW OF KEY TOPICSAACSB assurance of learning standards in accounting and business education require documentation of outcomes assessment. Although schools, departments, and faculty may approach assessment and its documentation differently, one approach is to provide specific questions on exams that become the basis for assessment. To aid faculty in this endeavor, we have labeled each question, exercise and problem in Intermediate Accounting, 6e with the following AACSB learning skills:Questions AACSB Tags Exercises (cont.)AACSB Tags 7-1Reflective thinking 7-11Analytic7-2 Reflective thinking 7-12Analytic7-3Reflective thinking 7-13Analytic7-4Reflective thinking, Communications 7-14Analytic7-5Diversity, Reflective thinking 7-15Analytic7-6Reflective thinking 7-16Analytic7-7Reflective thinking 7-17Analytic7-8Reflective thinking 7-18Diversity, Analytic7-9Reflective thinking, Communications 7-19Analytic7-10Reflective thinking 7-20 Reflective thinking7-11Diversity, Reflective thinking 7-21Analytic7-12Reflective thinking 7-22Analytic7-13Reflective thinking 7-23Analytic7-14Diversity, Reflective thinking 7-24 Analytic7-15Reflective thinking, Communications 7-25Analytic7-16 Reflective thinking7-26Analytic7-17 Reflective thinking7-27 Analytic7-18 Reflective thinking7-28 Analytic7-19 Reflective thinking, Communications7-29 Analytic7-20 Diversity, Reflective thinking7-30 Reflective thinking,CommunicationsBrief Exercises 7-31 Reflective thinking,Communications 7-1Reflective thinking CPA/CMA7-2Diversity, Reflective thinking 7-1Analytic7-3Reflective thinking 7-2Analytic7-4 Analytic 7-3Reflective thinking7-5Analytic 7-4 Analytic7-6Analytic 7-5Analytic7-7Diversity, Reflective thinking 7-6Analytic7-8Analytic 7-7Analytic7-9Analytic 7-1Reflective thinking7-10Analytic 7-2Analytic7-11Analytic 7-3Analytic7-12Analytic Problems7-13 Analytic 7-1Analytic7-14Reflective thinking 7-2Analytic7-15 Diversity, Reflective thinking 7-3Analytic7-16 Analytic 7-4 Analytic7-17 Analytic 7-5 AnalyticExercises7-6 Analytic 7-1Analytic7-7Analytic 7-2Analytic 7-8Analytic 7-3 Diversity, Analytic 7-9 Diversity, Analytic 7-4Analytic 7-10Analytic 7-5Analytic 7-11Analytic 7-6 Analytic 7-12Analytic 7-7 Analytic 7-13Analytic 7-8Analytic 7-14Analytic 7-9Analytic 7-15 Analytic 7-10AnalyticQUESTIONS FOR REVIEW OF KEY TOPICSQuestion 7-1Cash equivalents usually include negotiable instruments as well as highly liquid investments that have a maturity date no longer than three months from date of purchase.Question 7-2Internal control procedures involving accounting functions are intended to improve the accuracy and reliability of accounting information and to safeguard the company’s assets. The separation of duties means that employees involved in recordkeeping should not also have physical responsibility for assets.Question 7-3Management must document the company’s internal controls and assess their adequacy. The auditors must provide an opinion on management’s assessment. The Public Company Accounting Oversight Board’s Auditing Standard No. 5, which supersedes Auditing Standard No. 2, further requires the auditor to express its own opinion on whether the company has maintained effective internal control over financial reporting.Question 7-4A compensating balance is an amount of cash a depositor (debtor) must leave on deposit in an account at a bank (creditor) as security for a loan or a commitment to lend. The classification and disclosure of a compensating balance depends on the nature of the restriction and the classification of the related debt. If the restriction is legally binding, then the cash will be classified as either current or noncurrent (investments and funds or other assets) depending on the classification of the related debt. In either case, note disclosure is appropriate. If the compensating balance arrangement is informal and no contractual agreement restricts the use of cash, note disclosure of the arrangement including amounts involved is appropriate. The compensating balance can be included in the cash and cash equivalents category of current assets. Question 7-5Yes, IFRS and U.S. GAAP differ in how bank overdrafts are treated. Under IFRS, overdrafts can be offset against other cash accounts. Under U.S. GAAP overdrafts must be treated as liabilities.Answers to Questions (continued)Question 7-6Trade discounts are reductions below a list price and are used to establish a final price for a transaction. The reduced price is the starting point for initial valuation of the transaction. A cash discount is a reduction, not in the selling price of a good or service, but in the amount to be paid by a credit customer if the receivable is paid within a specified period of time.The gross method of accounting for cash discounts considers discounts not taken as part of sales revenue. The net method considers discounts not taken as interest revenue, because they are viewed as compensation to the seller for allowing the buyer to defer payment.Question 7-8When returns are material and a company can make reasonable estimates of future returns, an allowance for sales returns is established. At a financial reporting date, this provides an estimate of the amount of future returns for prior sales, and involves a debit to sales returns and a credit to allowance for sales returns for the estimated amount. Allowance for sales returns is a contra account to accounts receivable. When returns actually occur in the future reporting period, the allowance for sales returns is debited.Question 7-9Even when specific customer accounts haven’t been proven uncollectible by the end of the reporting period, bad debt expense properly should be matched with sales revenue on the income statement for that period. Likewise, since it’s not expected that all accounts receivable will be collected, the balance sheet should report only the expected net realizable value of that asset. So, to record the bad debt expense and the related reduction of accounts receivable when the amount hasn’t been determined, an estimate is needed. In an adjusting entry, we record bad debt expense and reduce accounts receivable for an estimate of the amount that eventually will prove uncollectible.If uncollectible accounts are immaterial or not anticipated, or it’s not possible to reliably estimate uncollectible accounts, an allowance for uncollectible accounts is not appropriate. In these few cases, any bad debts that do arise simply are written off as bad debt expense at the time they prove uncollectible.Answers to Questions (continued)Question 7-10The income statement approach to estimating bad debts determines bad debt expense directly by relating uncollectible amounts to credit sales. The balance sheet approach to estimating future bad debts indirectly determines bad debt expense by estimating the net realizable value for accounts receivable that exist at the end of the period. In other words, the allowance for uncollectible accounts at the end of the period is estimated and then bad debt expense is determined by adjusting the allowance account to reflect net realizable value.Question 7-11A company has to separately disclose trade receivables and receivables from related parties under U.S. GAAP, but not under IFRS.Question 7-12The assignment of all accounts receivable in general as collateral for debt requires no special accounting treatment other than note disclosure of the agreement. Question 7-13The accounting treatment of receivables factored with recourse depends on whether certain criteria are met. If the criteria are met, the factoring is accounted for as a sale. If they are not met, the factoring is accounted for as a loan. In addition, note disclosure may be required. Accounts receivable factored without recourse are accounted for as the sale of an asset. The difference between the book value and the fair value of proceeds received is recognized as a gain or a loss.Question 7-14U.S. GAAP focuses on whether control of assets has shifted from the transferor to the transferee. In contrast, IFRS focuses on whether the company has transferred “substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership,” as well as whether the company has transferred control. Under IFRS:If the company transfers substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership, the transfer is treated as a sale.If the company retains substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership, the transfer is treated as a secured borrowing. If neither conditions 1 or 2 hold, the company accounts for the transaction as a sale if it has transferred control, and as a secured borrowing if it has retained control.Answers to Questions (continued)When a note is discounted, a financial institution, usually a bank, accepts the note and gives the seller cash equal to the maturity value of the note reduced by a discount. The discount is computed by applying a discount rate to the maturity value and represents the financing fee the bank charges for the transaction.The four-step process used to account for a discounted note receivable is as follows:1. Accrue any interest revenue earned since the last payment date (or date of thenote).2. Compute the maturity value.3. Subtract the discount the bank requires (discount rate times maturity valuetimes the remaining length of time from date of discounting to maturity date) from the maturity value to compute the proceeds to be received from the bank (maturity value less discount)./doc/2db73084591b6bd97f192279168884868762b8ba.html pute the difference between the proceeds and the book value of the noteand related interest receivable. The treatment of the difference will depend on whether the discounting is accounted for as a sale or as a loan. If it’s a sale the difference is recorded as a loss or gain on the sale; if it’s a loan the difference is viewed as interest expense or interest revenue.Question 7-16A company’s investment in receivables is influenced by several related variables, to include the level of sales, the nature of the product or service, and credit and collection policies. The receivables turnover and average collection period ratios are designed to monitor receivables.Question 7-17The items necessary to adjust the bank balance might include deposits outstanding (including undeposited cash), outstanding checks, and any bank errors discovered during the reconciliation process. The items necessary to adjust the book balance mi ght include collections made by the bank on the company’s behalf, service and other charges made by the bank, NSF (nonsufficient funds) check charges, and any company errors discovered during the reconciliation process.Answers to Questions (concluded)Question 7-18A petty cash fund is established by transferring a specified amount of cash from the company’s general checking account to an employee designated as the petty cash custodian. The fund is replenished by writing a check to the petty cash custodian for the sum of the bills paid with petty cash. The appropriate expense accounts are recorded from petty cash vouchers at the time the fund is replenished.Question 7-19When a creditor’s investment in a receivable becomes impaired, due to a troubled debt restructuring or for any other reason, the receivable is re-measured based on the discounted present value of currently expected cash flows at the loan’s original effective rate (regardless of the extent to which expected cash receipts have been reduced). The extent of the impairment is the difference between the carrying amount of the receivable (the present value of the receivable’s cash flows prior to the restructuring) and the present value of the revised cash flows discounted at the loan’s original effective rate. This difference is recorded as a loss at the time the receivable is reduced.Question 7-20No. Under both U.S. GAAP and IFRS, a company can recognize in net income the recovery of impairment losses of accounts and notes receivable.BRIEF EXERCISESBrief Exercise 7-1The company could improve its internal control procedure for cash receipts by segregating the duties of recordkeeping andthe handling of cash. Jim Seymour, responsible for recordkeeping, should not also be responsible for depositing customer checks.Brief Exercise 7-2Under IFRS the cash balance would be $245,000, because they could offset the two accounts. Under U.S. GAAP the balance would be $250,000, because they could not offset the two accounts.Brief Exercise 7-3All of these items would be included as cash and cash equivalents except the U.S. Treasury bills, which would be included in the current asset section of the balance sheet as short-term investments.Brief Exercise 7-4Income before tax in 2012 will be reduced by $2,500, the amount of the cash discounts.$25,000 x 10 = $250,000 x 1% = $2,500Brief Exercise 7-5Income before tax in 2011 will be reduced by $2,500, the anticipated amount of cash discounts.$25,000 x 10 = $250,000 x 1% = $2,500Brief Exercise 7-6Estimated returns = $10,600,000 x 8% = $848,000Less: Actual returns (720,000)Remaining estimated returns $128,000Brief Exercise 7-7Singletary cannot combine the two types of receivables under U.S. GAAP, as the director is a related party. Under IFRS a combined presentation would be allowed. Brief Exercise 7-8(1) Bad debt expense = $1,500,000 x 2% = $30,000(2) Allowance for uncollectible accounts:Beginning balance $25,000Add: Bad debt expense 30,000Deduct: Write-offs (16,000)Ending balance $39,000Brief Exercise 7-9(1) A llowance for uncollectible accounts:Beginning balance $ 25,000Deduct: Write-offs (16,000)Required allowance (33,400)*Bad debt expense $24,400(2) Required allowance = $334,000** x 10% = $33,400* Accounts receivable:Beginning balance $ 300,000Add: Credit sales 1,500,000Deduct: Cash collections (1,450,000)Write-offs (16,000)Ending balance $ 334,000** Brief Exercise 7-10 Allowance for uncollectible accounts:Beginning balance $30,000Add: Bad debt expense 40,000Deduct: Required allowance (38,000)Write-offs $32,000Brief Exercise 7-11Credit sales $8,200,000Deduct: Cash collections (7,950,000)Write-offs (32,000)* Year-end balance in A/R (2,000,000) Beginning balance in A/R $1,782,000*Allowance for uncollectible accounts:Beginning balance $30,000Add: Bad debt expense 40,000Deduct: Required allowance (38,000)Write-offs $32,000 Brief Exercise 7-122011 interest revenue:$20,000 x 6% x 1/12 =$1002012 interest revenue:$20,000 x 6% x 2/12 =$200Brief Exercise 7-13Assets decrease by $7,000:Cash increases by $100,000 x 85% = $ 85,000 Receivable from factor increases by($11,000 – $3,000 fee) 8,000Accounts receivable decrease (100,000)Net decrease in assets $ (7,000)Liabilities would not change as a result of this transaction.Income before income taxes decreases by $7,000(the loss on sales of receivables)The journal entry to record the transaction is as follows:Brief Exercise 7-14Logitech would account for the transfer as a secured borrowing. The receivables remain on the company’s books and a liability is recorded for the amount borrowed plus the bank’s fee.Brief Exercise 7-15Under IFRS, Huling would treat this transaction as a secured borrowing, because they retain substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership. Under U.S. GAAP, Huling would treat this transaction as a sale, because they have transferred control. Note, however, that in practice we would typically expect for the entity that has the risks and rewards of ownership to also have control over the assets, so we would expect these criteria to usually lead to the same accounting.Brief Exercise 7-16Brief Exercise 7-17Receivables turnover = $320,000 = 5.33$60,000*($50,000 + 70,000) 2 = $60,000*Average collection = 365 = 68 daysperiod 5.33EXERCISESExercise 7-1Requirement 1Cash and cash equivalents includes:a. Balance in checking account $13,500Balance in savings account 22,100b. Undeposited customer checks 5,200c. Currency and coins on hand 580f. U.S. treasury bills with 2-month maturity 15,000Total $56,380Requirement 2d. The $400,000 savings account will be used for future plant expansion andtherefore should be classified as a noncurrent asset, either in other assets orinvestments.e. The $20,000 in the checking account is a compensating balance for a long-term loan and should be classified as a noncurrent asset, either in otherassets or investments.f. The $20,000 in 7-month treasury bills should be classified as a current assetalong with other temporary investments.Exercise 7-2Requirement 1Cash and cash equivalents includes:Cash in bank – checking account $22,500U.S. treasury bills 5,000Cash on hand 1,350Undeposited customer checks 1,840Total $30,690Requirement 2The $10,000 in 6-month treasury bills should be classified as a current asset along with other temporary investments. Exercise 7-3Requirement 1: U.S. GAAPCurrent Assets:Cash $175,000Current Liabilities:Bank Overdrafts $ 15,000 Requirement 2: IFRSCurrent Assets:Cash $160,000(No current liabilities with respect to overdrafts.)Exercise 7-4Requirement 1Sales price = 100 units x $600 = $60,000 x 70% = $42,000Requirement 2Exercise 7-4 (concluded) Requirement 3Requirement 1, using the net method:Requirement 2, using the net method:Exercise 7-5Requirement 1Sales price = 1,000 units x $50 = $50,000Requirement 2。
Intermediate Accounting------Chapter 7
Exercise 7-1Requirement 1Cash and cash equivalents includes:EURCash in bank – checking account 25,000U.S. treasury bills 5,000Cash on hand 1,350Undeposited customer checks 1,840Total 33,190Requirement 2The EUR 20,000 in 6-month treasury bills should be classified as a current asset along with other temporary investments.Exercise 7-2Requirement 1Cash and cash equivalents includes:GBPa. Balance in checking account 13,500Balance in savings account 22,100b. Undeposited customer checks 5,500c. Currency and coins on hand 580f. U.S. treasury bills with 2-month maturity 15,000Total 56,680Requirement 2d. The GBP 500,000 savings account will be used for future plant expansionand therefore should be classified as a noncurrent asset, either in otherassets or investments.© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2007 Solutions Manual, Vol.1, Chapter 7 7-1Exercise 7-2 (concluded)e. The GBP 25,000 in the checking account is a compensating balance for along-term loan and should be classified as a noncurrent asset, either in otherassets or investments.f. The GBP 20,000 in 7-month treasury bills should be classified as a currentasset along with other temporary investments.© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 20077-2 Intermediate Accounting, 4/eExercise 7-3Requirement 1Sales price = 1,000 units x 55 = 55,000Requirement 2© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2007 Solutions Manual, Vol.1, Chapter 7 7-3Exercise 7-4Requirement 1Requirement 2© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 20077-4 Intermediate Accounting, 4/eExercise 7-5Requirement 1Sales price = 100 units x 500 = 50,000 x 70% = 35,000Requirement 2© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2007 Solutions Manual, Vol.1, Chapter 7 7-5Exercise 7-5 (concluded)Requirement 3Requirement 1:Requirement 2:© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 20077-6 Intermediate Accounting, 4/eExercise 7-6Requirement 1To record the write-off of receivables.To record the collection of a receivable previously written off.Allowance for uncollectible accounts: EURBalance, beginning of year 32,000Deduct: Receivables written off (20,000)Add: Collection of receivable previously written off 1,200Balance, before adjusting entry for 2006 bad debts 13,200Required allowance: 10% x 625,000 (62,500)Bad debt expense 49,300To record bad debt expense for the year.Requirement 2Current assets: EURAccounts receivable, net of 62,500 in allowancefor uncollectible accounts 562,500© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2007 Solutions Manual, Vol.1, Chapter 7 7-7Exercise 7-7Requirement 167,500 (1.5% x 4,500,000)Requirement 2Allowance for uncollectible accountsMYR Balance, beginning of year 45,000Add: Bad debt expense for 2006 (1.5% x 4,500,000) 67,500Less: End-of-year balance (40,000)Accounts receivable written off 72,500 Requirement 3MYR 72,500 — the amount of accounts receivable written off.Exercise 7-8($ in millions)Allowance for uncollectible accounts:Balance, beginning of year $242Add: Bad debt expense 44Less: End of year balance (166)Write-offs during the year $120*Accounts receivable analysis:Balance, beginning of year ($5,196 + 242)$ 5,438Add: Credit sales 36,835Less:Write-offs* (120)Less: Balance end of year ($5,890 + 166) (6,056)Cash collections $36,097© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 20077-8 Intermediate Accounting, 4/eExercise 7-9Using the direct write-off method, bad debt expense is equal to actual write-offs. Collections of previously written-off receivables are recorded as revenue.Allowance for uncollectible accounts:MXN Balance, beginning of year 17,500Deduct: Receivables written off (17,100)Add: Collection of receivables previously written off 2,200Less: End of year balance (22,000)Bad debt expense for the year 2006 19,400© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2007 Solutions Manual, Vol.1, Chapter 7 7-9Exercise 7-10Requirement 1 USDBook value of stock 32,000Plus gain on sale of stock 12,000= Note receivable 44,000Interest reported for the year 4,400= 10% rateDivided by value of note 44,000Requirement 2To record sale of stock in exchange for note receivable.To accrue interest on note receivable for twelve months.© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 20077-10 Intermediate Accounting, 4/eExercise 7-11Requirement 1Requirement 22006 income before income taxes would be understated by 1,800 2007 income before income taxes would be overstated by 1.800.Exercise 7-12Requirement 1Requirement 23,600 interest for 9 months÷ 56,400 sales price= 6.38% rate for 9 monthsx 12/9to annualize the rate_______= 8.51% effective interest rateExercise 7-13Exercise 7-141. a2. a3. a4. aExercise 7-15Step 1: Accrue interest earned.Step 2: Add interest to maturity to calculate maturity value.Step 3: Deduct discount to calculate cash proceeds.Step 4: To record a loss for the difference between the cash proceeds and the note’s book value.Exercise 7-16Exercise 7-17Exercise 7-18List A List Bc 1. Internal control a. Restriction on cash.j 2. Trade discount b. Cash discount not taken is sales revenue.g 3. Cash equivalents c. Includes separation of duties.h 4. Allowance for uncollectibles d. Bad debt expense a % of credit sales.i 5. Cash discount e. Recognizes bad debts as they occur.l 6. Balance sheet approach f. Sale of receivables to a financial institution.d 7. Income statement approach g. Include highly liquid investments.k 8. Net method h. Estimate of bad debts.a 9. Compensating balance i. Reduction in amount paid by credit customer.m 10. Discounting j. Reduction below list price.b 11. Gross method k. Cash discount not taken is interest revenue.e 12. Direct write-off method l. Bad debt expense determined by estimating realizablevalue.f 13. Factoring m. Sale of note receivable to a financial institution. Exercise 7-191. d2. cExercise 7-20Second quarter:Receivables turnover = 5,398 = 3.151,714Average collection = 91 = 29 daysperiod 3.15Third quarter:Receivables turnover = 5,620 = 3.141,790Average collection = 91 = 29 daysperiod 3.14Exercise 7-21Requirement 1Step 1: To accrue interest earned for two months on note receivableStep 2: Add interest to maturity to calculate maturity value.Step 3: Deduct discount to calculate cash proceeds.Exercise 7-21 (continued)Step 4: To record a loss for the difference between the cash proceeds and the note’s book value.Exercise 7-21 (concluded)Requirement 2To accrue interest earned on note receivable.Exercise 7-221.c.2.d.3.c.Exercise 7-23Average collection period = 365 ÷ Accounts receivable turnover = 50 days Accounts receivable turnover = 365 ÷ 50 = 7.3Average accounts receivable = ($800,000 + 600,000) ÷ 2 = $700,000 Accounts receivable turnover = Net sales ÷ Average accounts receivable7.3 = Net sales ÷ $700,000Net sales = 7.3 x $700,000 =$5,110,000。
《中级财务会计(双语)》教案
《中级财务会计（双语）》教案任课教师：唐玲授课班级：课程学分： 4课程总学时：72课程周学时： 4上课周次：16教学进度计划教学内容总学时教学手段教学环境第一章总论 4 多媒体课堂教学第二章货币与金融资产 6 多媒体课堂教学第三章应收及预付款项 4 多媒体课堂教学第四章存货 6 多媒体课堂教学第五章长期股权投资 6 多媒体课堂教学第六章固定资产8 多媒体课堂教学第七章无形资产及其他资产 4 多媒体课堂教学第八章流动负债 6 多媒体课堂教学第九章长期负债 4 多媒体课堂教学第十章所有者权益 2 多媒体课堂教学第十一章收入、费用、利润6多媒体课堂教学第十二章财务报告 6 多媒体课堂教学实习10 课堂实践合计72每节课时分配参见课程教学的基本内容。
参考书目：（一）使用教材：唐纳德.E.基索、杰里.J.韦安特著《Intermediate Accounting》中国人民大学出版社李宝珍、裴淑红编《财务会计学》中国市场出版社（二）主要参考书目：《中级会计实务》财政部会计资格评价中心编经济科学出版社《注册会计师全国统一考试辅导教材——会计》中国财政经济出版社《Financial Accounting》，沃尔特·T·小哈里森、查尔斯·T·亨格瑞，美国：清华大学出版社，课程简介中级财务会计（双语）课程是会计学专业、财务管理专业的一门专业必修课和核心课程，是会计专业知识结构中的主体部分。
本课程的任务是介绍财务会计的基本理论和实务，培养学生从事财务会计工作应具备的基本知识、基本技能和操作能力。
本课程共72学时，4.5个学分，其中62个学时为课堂讲授，10个实习课时。
通过本课程的教学，使学生能够掌握会计核算的相关知识和方法，为其进一步学习打下良好的基础。
教学中应注意对学生基本技能的培养，实现应用型人才的培养目标。
课次 1 课时 2 累计课时 2 教学目的与要求通过教学，应使学生了解该课程的内容；一般掌握理解财务会计的目标、基本假设、会计信息质量要求。
中级财务会计IntermediateFinancialAccounting
第一节 财务会计的职能与目标
一、财务会计的概念和特征
管理会计（Managerial Accounting） 企业会计 财务会计(Financial Accounting) 会计 政府与非营利组织会计
资产的确认
定义
指企业过去的交易或者事项形成的，由企业拥有或控制的，预期会给企业带来经济利益的资源。
三个特征：a)过去的交易和事项形成的；b)必须由企业拥有或控制；c)包含未来经济利益。
确认：满足资产定义的同时，应同时满足两个确认条件：
a)与该项目有关的经济利益很可能流入企业； b)该项目的成本或价值能够可靠地计量。
所有者权益
定义--企业资产扣除负债后，由所有者享有的剩余权益。
来源包括： 所有者投入的资本、直接记入所有者权益的利得和损失、留存收益。
利得和损失： （1）利得(gains)--是指由企业非日常活动所形成的、会导致所有者权益增加的、与所有者投入资本无关的经济利益的流入。 （2）损失(losses)--是指由企业非日常活动所发生的、会导致所有者权益减少的、与向所有者分配利润无关的经济利益的流出。
1 总论
河 北 经 贸 大 学 · 会 计 学 院
INTRODUCTION
Chapter 1
级财务会计
中
Intermediate Financial Accounting
通过本章的学习，掌握财务会计的目标、会计要素的 确认与计量原则、财务会计规范体系；在《初级财务会计》 的基础上，进一步深入理解会计信息质量要求、会计核算的 基本前提和核算基础。
地位： 承上启下
学习要求与学习方法
温故而知新 通过多作练习题巩固知识点 大学学习：专而博 学习心态：专心致志、心平气和
财务术语#中英文对照：Finance和Accounting专业必备单词
财务术语#中英文对照：Finance和Accounting专业必备单词金融会计专业一直备受中国留学生青睐。
相对其他专业，它虽然对于申请者的要求比较高，但专业极高的就业率及客观的薪资也成为吸引广大申请者的重要原因之一。
背会了以下这些单词，学Financial Accounting的小伙伴们就再也不用蛋疼了~！Part 1 会计与会计理论会计 accounting决策人 Decision Maker 投资人Investor股东Shareholder债权人Creditor财务会计Financial Accounting管理会计 Management Accounting成本会计Cost Accounting私业会计Private Accounting公众会计Public Accounting注册会计师 CPA Certified Public Accountant国际会计准则委员会IASC美国注册会计师协会AICPA财务会计准则委员会FASB管理会计协会 IMA美国会计学会 AAA税务稽核署 IRS独资企业Proprietorship合伙人企业Partnership公司Corporation会计目标Accounting Objectives会计假设 Accounting Assumptions会计要素 Accounting Elements会计原则 Accounting Principles会计实务过程 Accounting Procedures财务报表 Financial Statements财务分析Financial Analysis会计主体假设 Separate-entity Assumption货币计量假设Unit-of-measure Assumption持续经营假设Continuity(Going-concern) Assumption会计分期假设Time-period Assumption资产Asset负债Liability业主权益Owner's Equity收入 Revenue费用 Expense收益 Income亏损 Loss历史成本原则Cost Principle收入实现原则Revenue Principle配比原则Matching Principle全面披露原则Full-disclosure (Reporting) Principle客观性原则Objective Principle一致性原则Consistent Principle可比性原则Comparability Principle重大性原则Materiality Principle稳健性原则Conservatism Principle权责发生制 Accrual Basis现金收付制 Cash Basis财务报告 Financial Report 流动资产 Current assets流动负债 Current Liabilities长期负债 Long-term Liabilities投入资本Contributed Capital留存收益Retained EarningPart 2 会计循环会计循环 Accounting Procedure/Cycle会计信息系统Accounting information System帐户Ledger会计科目Account会计分录Journal entry原始凭证Source Document日记帐 Journal总分类帐 General Ledger明细分类帐 Subsidiary Ledger 试算平衡 Trial Balance现金收款日记帐 Cash receipt journal现金付款日记帐 Cash disbursements journal销售日记帐 Sales Journal购货日记帐Purchase Journal普通日记帐General Journal工作底稿Worksheet调整分录 Adjusting entries结帐 Closing entriesPart 3 现金与应收帐款现金 Cash银行存款 Cash in bank库存现金 Cash in hand流动资产Current assets偿债基金Sinking fund定额备用金Imprest petty cash支票 Check(cheque)银行对帐单 Bank statement 银行存款调节表Bank reconciliation statement在途存款Outstanding deposit在途支票Outstanding check应付凭单Vouchers payable应收帐款Account receivable应收票据Note receivable起运点交货价F.O.B shipping pointnt商业折扣Trade discount现金折扣 Cash discount销售退回及折让 Sales return and allowance坏帐费用 Bad debt expense备抵法 Allowance method 备抵坏帐Bad debt allowance损益表法Income statement approach资产负债表法 Balance sheet approach帐龄分析法 Aging analysis method直接冲销法Direct write-off method带息票据Interest bearing note不带息票据 Non-interest bearing note出票人Maker受款人Payee本金Principal利息率Interest rate到期日Maturity date本票Promissory note贴现Discount背书Endorse 拒付费 Protest fee comPart 4 存货存货 Inventory商品存货 Merchandise inventory产成品存货Finished goods inventory在产品存货Work in process inventory原材料存货Raw materials inventory起运地离岸价格F.O.B shipping point目的地抵岸价格 F.O.B destination寄销Consignment寄销人Consignor承销人Consignee定期盘存Periodic inventory永续盘存 Perpetual inventory购货 Purchase购货折让和折扣Purchase allowance and discounts存货盈余或短缺Inventory overages and shortages分批认定法Specific identification加权平均法Weighted average先进先出法First-in, first-out or FIFO后进先出法Lost-in, first-out or LIFO移动平均法Moving average成本或市价孰低法 Lower of cost or market or LCM 市价Market value重置成本Replacement cost可变现净值Net realizable value上限Upper limit下限Lower limit毛利法Gross margin method零售价格法 Retail method成本率 Cost ratioPart 5 长期投资长期投资 Long-term investment长期股票投资 Investment on stocks长期债券投资 Investment on bonds成本法 Cost method 权益法Equity method合并法Consolidation method股利宣布日Declaration date股权登记日Date of record除息日Ex-dividend date付息日 Payment date债券面值 Face value, Par value债券折价Discount on bonds债券溢价 Premium on bonds票面利率 Contract interest rate, stated rate市场利率 Market interest ratio, Effective rate普通股 Common Stock优先股 Preferred Stock现金股利 Cash dividends股票股利Stock dividends清算股利Liquidating dividends到期日 Maturity date到期值 Maturity value直线摊销法Straight-Line method of amortization实际利息摊销法Effective-interest method of amortizationpart 6 固定资产固定资产Plant assets or Fixed assets原值Original value预计使用年限Expected useful life预计残值Estimated residual value折旧费用 Depreciation expense累计折旧Accumulated depreciation帐面价值Carrying value应提折旧成本Depreciation cost净值Net value在建工程Construction-in-process磨损Wear and tear过时Obsolescence直线法Straight-line method (SL)工作量法 Units-of-production method (UOP)加速折旧法 Accelerated depreciation method双倍余额递减法 Double-declining balance method (DDB)年数总和法Sum-of-the-years-digits method (SYD)以旧换新 Trade in经营租赁 Operating lease融资租赁 Capital lease廉价购买权 Bargain purchase option (BPO)资产负债表外筹资Off-balance-sheet financing最低租赁付款额Minimum lease paymentsPart 7 无形资产无形资产Intangible assets专利权Patents商标权Trademarks, Trade names著作权Copyrights特许权或专营权Franchises商誉Goodwill开办费Organization cost租赁权 Leasehold摊销 AmortizationPart 8 流动负债负债Liability流动负债Current liability应付帐款Account payable应付票据Notes payable贴现票据Discount notes长期负债一年内到期部分 Current maturities of long-term liabilities应付股利 Dividends payable预收收益 Prepayments by customers存入保证金Refundable deposits应付费用Accrual expense增值税value added tax营业税Business tax应付所得税Income tax payable应付奖金Bonuses payable产品质量担保负债Estimated liabilities under product warranties赠品和兑换券Premiums, coupons and trading stamps或有事项Contingency或有负债Contingent或有损失Loss contingencies或有利得Gain contingencies永久性差异Permanent difference时间性差异Timing difference应付税款法 Taxes payable method纳税影响会计法Tax effect accounting method递延所得税负债法Deferred income tax liability methodPart 9 长期负债长期负债Long-termLiabilities应付公司债券Bonds payable有担保品的公司债券Secured Bonds抵押公司债券Mortgage Bonds保证公司债券Guaranteed Bonds信用公司债券 Debenture Bonds一次还本公司债券Term Bonds分期还本公司债券Serial Bonds可转换公司债券Convertible Bonds可赎回公司债券 Callable Bonds可要求公司债券Redeemable Bonds记名公司债券Registered Bonds无记名公司债券Coupon Bonds普通公司债券Ordinary Bonds收益公司债券Income Bonds名义利率，票面利率Nominal rate实际利率Actual rate有效利率 Effective rate溢价 Premium折价 Discount面值 Par value直线法Straight-line method实际利率法Effective interest method到期直接偿付 Repayment at maturity提前偿付 Repayment at advance偿债基金 Sinking fund长期应付票据 Long-term notes payable抵押借款 Mortgage loanPart 10 业主权益权益 Equity业主权益Owner's equity股东权益Stockholder's equity投入资本Contributed capital缴入资本 Paid-in capital股本 Capital stock资本公积Capital surplus留存收益Retained earnings核定股本Authorized capital stock实收资本 Issued capital stock发行在外股本Outstanding capital stock库藏股Treasury stock普通股Common stock优先股Preferred stock累积优先股Cumulative preferred stock非累积优先股 Noncumulative preferred stock完全参加优先股Fully participating preferred stock部分参加优先股Partially participating preferred stock非部分参加优先股Nonpartially participating preferred stock现金发行Issuance for cash非现金发行 Issuance for noncash consideration股票的合并发行Lump-sum sales of stock发行成本Issuance cost成本法Cost method面值法 Par value method捐赠资本 Donated capital盈余分配 Distribution of earnings股利 Dividend股利政策 Dividend policy 宣布日 Date of declaration股权登记日 Date of record除息日 Ex-dividend date股利支付日 Date of payment现金股利 Cash dividend 股票股利 Stock dividend拨款 appropriationPart 11 财务报表财务报表 Financial Statement资产负债表 Balance Sheet收益表 Income Statement帐户式 Account Form报告式 Report Form编制（报表）Prepare工作底稿Worksheet多步式Multi-step单步式Single-stepPart 12 财务状况变动表财务状况变动表中的现金基础 SCFP.Cash Basis（现金流量表）财务状况变动表中的营运资金基础SCFP.Working Capital Basis（资金来源与运用表）营运资金Working Capital全部资源概念 All-resources concept直接交换业务Direct exchanges正常营业活动 Normal operating activities财务活动 Financing activities投资活动 Investing activitiesPart 13 财务报表分析财务报表分析 Analysis of financial statements比较财务报表Comparative financial statements趋势百分比 Trend percentage比率 Ratios普通股每股收益 Earnings per share of common stock股利收益率 Dividend yield ratio价益比 Price-earnings ratio普通股每股帐面价值Book value per share of common stock资本报酬率Return on investment总资产报酬率 Return on total asset债券收益率Yield rate on bonds已获利息倍数Number of times interest earned债券比率 Debt ratio优先股收益率 Yield rate on preferred stock营运资本Working Capital周转Turnover存货周转率Inventory turnover应收帐款周转率 Accounts receivable turnover 流动比率 Current ratio速动比率 Quick ratio酸性试验比率 Acid test ratioPart 14 合并财务报表合并财务报表Consolidated financial statements吸收合并Merger创立合并Consolidation控股公司Parent company附属公司 Subsidiary company少数股权 Minority interest权益联营合并 Pooling of interest购买合并 Combination by purchase权益法 Equity method成本法 Cost methodPart 15 物价变动中的会计计量物价变动之会计Price-level changes accounting 一般物价水平会计General price-level accounting货币购买力会计Purchasing-power accounting统一币值会计Constant dollar accounting历史成本Historical cost现行价值会计Current value accounting现行成本 Current cost重置成本 Replacement cost物价指数Price-level index国民生产总值物价指数Gross national product implicit price deflator (or GNP deflator)消费物价指数Consumer price index (or CPI)批发物价指数 Wholesale price index 货币性资产Monetary assets货币性负债Monetary liabilities货币购买力损益Purchasing-power gains or losses资产持有损益Holding gains or losses未实现的资产持有损益 Unrealized holding gains or losses。
Intermediate Accounting (7)
Securities to Be Held to Maturity
Partial Bond Amortization Table
Date 1/1/11 6/30/11 12/31/11 6/30/12 12/31/12 Interest Payment $ 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000 $ Interest Revenue 53,118 53,305 53,503 53,714 Discount Amortization $ 3,118 3,305 3,503 3,714 Unamortized Discount $ 114,699 111,581 108,276 104,772 101,059 Carrying Value $ 885,301 888,419 891,724 895,228 898,941
1,000,000 114,699 885,301
50,000 3,118 53,118
12 - 8
Securities to Be Held to Maturity
This investment would appear on the June 30, 2011, as follows:
June 30, 2011 Investment in bonds Less: Discount on bond investment Book value (amortized cost) $ 1,000,000 111,581 $ 888,419
Trading (TS) Available-for-sale (AFS)
12 - 5
Securities to Be Held to Maturity
Investments in bonds or other debt security that have a specified maturity date. The bonds or other debt are initially recorded at cost. The investor may have the “positive intent and ability” to hold the securities to maturity and classified as held-tomaturity (HTM). They are reported on the balance sheet at “amortized cost.”
中级财务会计IntermediateAccounting
4、期间费用
（3）财务费用
• 本科目核算企业为筹集生产经营所需资金等而发 生的筹资费用，包括利息支出（减利息收入）、 汇兑损益以及相关的手续费、企业发生的现金折 扣或收到的现金折扣等； • 为购建或生产满足资本化条件的资产发生的应予 资本化的借款费用，在“在建工程”、“制造费 用”等科目核算。
二、费用主要项目
5、勘探费用
• 本科目核算企业（石油天然气开采）在油气勘探 过程中发生的地质调查、物理化学勘探各项支出 和非成功探井等支出。
6、资产减值损失
• 本科目核算企业计提各项资产减值准备所形成的 损失。
7、所得税费用
• 本科目核算企业确认的应从当期利润总额中扣除 的所得税费用。
4、期间费用
（2）管理费用
• 本科目核算企业为组织和管理企业生产经营所发生的管理 费用，包括企业在筹建期间内发生的开办费、董事会和行 政管理部门在企业的经营管理中发生的或者应由企业统一 负担的公司经费（包括行政管理部门职工工资及福利费、 物料消耗、低值易耗品摊销、办公费和差旅费等）、工会 经费、董事会费（包括董事会成员津贴、会议费和差旅费 等）、聘请中介机构费、咨询费、诉讼费、业务招待费、 房产税、车船使用税、土地使用税、印花税、技术转让费、 矿产资源补偿费、研究费用、排污费等； • 企业生产车间（部门）和行政管理部门等发生的固定资产 修理费用等后续支出，也在本科目核算。
一、费用概述
4、确认条件
– 与费用相关的经济利益很可能流出企业；
– 经济利益流出企业的结果会导致资产的减少或
者负债的增加；
– 经济利益的流出额能够可靠地计量。
二、费用主要项目
• 主营业务成本 • 其他业务成本 • 营业税金及附加 • 期间费用 • 勘探费用 • 资产减值损失
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第三节 无形资产的后续计量
（二）使用寿命不确定的无形资产 Ÿ即无法合理估计其为企业带来经济利益的期限 Ÿ其成本不摊销 ，但每年应进行减值测试
第二节 无形资产的初始计量
一、购入的无形资产
r一般，其成本按实际支付的价款确定 包括：购买价款、相关费用、达到预定用途所发 生的其他支出 r超过正常信用条件延期支付价款 以购买价款的现值为入账价值 借：无形资产（购买价款的现值） 未确认融资费用 贷：长期应付款（应支付金额）
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第二节 无形资产的初始计量
对于“负商誉”计入企业合并当期的营业外收入
第五节 商誉
（二）商誉摊销的处理方法 有三种不同的主张： Ÿ商誉立即注销法 Ÿ商誉系统摊销法 Ÿ商誉永久保留法 我国会计准则规定： 确认合并商誉，不予摊销， 至少应在年度终了进行商誉减值测试， 商誉发生减值，确认减值损失。
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无形资产
（形成无形资产时）
从满足资本化条件开始至达到预定用途前的支出
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第二节 无形资产的初始计量
三、投资者投入的无形资产
其成本按投资合同或协议约定的价值确定 借：无形资产 贷：实收资本/股本 资本公积—资本溢价/股本溢价
第二节 无形资产的初始计量
四、接受捐赠的无形资产
Ÿ入账价值按下列顺序确定： 捐赠方提供凭据—凭据上标明的金额＋税费 捐赠方未提供凭据： [ 存在活跃市场—同类或类似资产市场价＋税费
2010-11-29
Financial Accounting (Intermediate)
Wang Zhi-wei Shanghai Lixin University of Commerce School of Accountancy & Finance Email address:sufewangzw@
阶段 研究 内 容 支出的处理 费用化，计入当期损益。 –符合条件的，予以资本化 –不符合条件的，费用化， 计入当期损益。 具有独创性和有计划 的调查研究 开发 开始商业性生产或使 用前，将研究成果应 用于某项计划或设计
第二节 无形资产的初始计量
研发支出—费用化支出 归集 结转
（期末）
管理费用
研发支出—资本化支出 归集 Ç 结转
Ÿ所得价款与账面价值及相关税费之和的差额 计入当期损益（营业外收入或支出）
第四节 无形资产的处置
所得价款 － 账面价值 相关税费
=
净损益
计入当期损益的利得或损失
借：银行存款 累计摊销 无形资产减值准备 贷：无形资产 应交税费—应交营业税 营业外收入或营业外支出
第四节 无形资产的处置
二、无形资产的出租
二、无形资产的复核与减值
企业至少应当于每年年度终了 Ÿ对无形资产的使用寿命进行复核 Ÿ对使用寿命不确定的无形资产和出现减值迹象的 无形资产，进行减值测试。
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第四节 无形资产的处置
一、无形资产的出售
即无形资产所有权的转让 Ÿ应转销无形资产账面价值
出售无形资产 所得价款不符 合“收入”要 素的定义。
第七章 无形资产和商誉
学习目标与要求
通过本章学习，你应当： 1.理解无形资产的定义、特征及构成 2.掌握无形资产的确认及其初始计量 3.掌握无形资产摊销及处置的会计处理 4.了解商誉的概念及其确认与计量
第七章 无形资产和商誉
o o o o o 第一节 第二节 第三节 第四节 第五节 无形资产概述 无形资产的初始计量 无形资产的后续计量 无形资产的处置 商誉
r一揽子购入的无形资产 其成本按该无形资产和其他资产的公允价值 相对比例确定。 r取得的土地使用权 其成本按实际支付的价款及相关税费确定。 单独确认为无形资产（房地产开发企业计入 建造商品房屋建筑物的开发成本）。
第二节 无形资产的初始计量
二、研究与开发的无形资产
分为两个阶段，支出作费用化或资本化处理。
即无形资产使用权的转让 Ÿ不转销无形资产账面价值 Ÿ所得租金记入“其他业务收入”账户 Ÿ摊销额记入“其他业务成本”账户 Ÿ相关税金记入“营业税金及附加”账户
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第四节 无形资产的处置
借：银行存款 贷：其他业务收入 借：其他业务成本 贷：累计摊销 借：营业税金及附加 贷：应交税费—应交营业税 若出租取得的土地使用权，则应将其账面价值转 为投资性房地产进行核算。
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第一节 无形资产概述
二、无形资产的内容
无形资产 非 专 利 技 术 土 地 使 用 权 特 许 经 营 权
专 利 权
商 标 权
著 作 权
第一节 无形资产概述
三、无形资产的确认
无形资产项目的确认： Ÿ 必须符合无形资产的定义； Ÿ 同时满足两个条件： ①与该无形资产有关的经济利益很可能流入企业 ②该无形资产的成本能够可靠地计量
第四节 无形资产的处置
三、无形资产的报废
某项无形资产预期已不能为企业带来经济利 益时，应终止对其的确认。 将其账面价值转销，计入当期损益（营业外支 出）。
第五节 商誉
一、商誉的概念与特征
r商誉的概念 商誉是指企业拥有的获取超额利润的能力。 r商誉的特征 Ÿ商誉与企业作为同一整体、不能单独存在, 不具有可辨认性。 Ÿ商誉形成的各种因素，不能单独地采用有 效的方式进行计量。
第五节 商誉
r商誉的计量 外购商誉初始成本： 按收购企业所支付价款与取得被购买企业可 辨认净资产公允价值份额之间的差额进行计量。
被购企业可辨 商 购买企业 购买企业所享 誉＝ 实际支付 － 认净资产的公 × 有的股权比例 的价款 允价值总额
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第五节 商誉
三、外购商誉的会计处理
（一）企业购买日商誉产生的会计处理 非同一控制 下企业合并 控股合并 —商誉只在合并报表中单独反映 吸收合并 —商誉在合并方的账簿和个别报 表中单独反映
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第五节 商誉
Ÿ商誉所具有的超额获利能力有很大的不确 定性，且未必一定有为其而发生的各种成本。
第五节 商誉
二、商誉的确认与计量
r商誉的确认 商誉 自创商誉—企业内部发展形成，会计上不 予以确认 外购商誉—企业购并形成；会计上予以确认
自创商誉： Ÿ企业内部发展所形成 Ÿ成本难以可靠地计量 Ÿ有关经济利益能否流入企业难以合理估计
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随着知识创新步伐不断加快 无形资产在企业资产结构中的比重 迅速上升对企业的发展产生着重要影响
Intangible assets
第一节 无形资产概述
一、无形资产的概念及特征
（一）无形资产的概念 无形资产是指企业拥有或者控制的没有实物 形态的可辨认非货币性资产。 （二）无形资产的特征 1.不具有实物形态 通常表现为由法律或合同关系所赋予企业的 权利或为企业特有的技术优势等。
[ 不存在活跃市场—该资产的未来现金流量现值
Ÿ同时，受赠金额计入当期损益（营业外收入）
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
第三节 无形资产的后续计量
一、无形资产的摊销
（一）使用寿命有限（确定）的无形资产其成 本在使用寿命期限内摊销 Ÿ源自合同性权利或其他法律权利取得的无 形资产，其使用寿命不应超过合同或法律规定 的期限； Ÿ没有明确的法律或合同规定的无形资产， 应综合各方面因素确定该资产能为企业带来经 济利益的期限。
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2010-11-29
第三节 无形资产的后续计量
1.应摊销额（总额）的确定 应摊销额＝成本－预计残值（一般视为零） 已计提减值准备的，还应扣除已计提的减值 准备金额。 2.摊销的起止时间 自可供使用时起，至终止确认时止。 即：当月增加的无形资产，当月开始摊销；当 月减少的无形资产，当月不再摊销。
第三节 无形资产的后续计量
第一节 无形资产概述
2.具有可辨认性 一般指其可以从企业中分离或划分出来。因而区 别于商誉。 3.属于非货币性资产 其在将来为企业带来的经济利益，即货币金额， 是不固定的或不确定的。 Ÿ必须与企业其他资源相结合才能发挥作用 Ÿ创造经济利益的能力受企业外部因素影响较大 Ÿ为企业提供未来经济利益的大小具有不确定性