alq%uvzk调薪考核标准
荷兰将升级ALQ—131电子战吊舱
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荷兰将升级ALQ—131电子战吊舱
作者：
来源：《现代兵器》2017年第02期
该吊舱主要装备荷兰皇家空军的F-16战机，升级包括提高对新威胁的探测和干扰能力，使战机能够适应现代作战环境。
诺斯罗普·格鲁曼公司的数字接收机/激励器将五代机电子战技术应用到AN/ALQ-131，为战机提供领先当前威胁的灵活性。
采用的数字技术将使该吊舱的电子对抗能力获得重大提升，使飞机能够在敌方区域内防空能力快速增强、对战机的威胁越来越大的情况下，提高飞机的安全性。
TA8221AHQ中文资料
TOSHIBA Bipolar Linear Integrated Circuit Silicon MonolithicTA8221AHQ,TA8221ALQ30W BTL × 2Ch Audio Power AmplifierThe thermal resistance θj −T of TA8221AHQ, TA8221ALQpackage designed for low thermal resistance, has a high efficiency of heat radiation.The temperature rise of chip can be reduced, and the influence from the degradation of the features due to the temperature rise at the high output can also be reduced.This stereo audio power IC, designed for car audio use, has two built −in channels to reduce the characteristic difference between L and R channels.It also contains various kind of protection.Features• Low thermal resistance: θj −T = 1.5°C / W (infinite heat sink) • High power: P OUT (1) = 30W (typ.) / channel(V CC = 14.4V, f = 1kHz, THD = 10%, R L =2Ω) P OUT (2) = 26W (typ.) / channel(V CC = 13.2V, f = 1kHz, THD = 10%, R L = 2Ω) P OUT (3) = 19W (typ.) / channel(V CC = 13.2V, f = 1kHz, THD = 10%, R L = 4Ω)• Low distortion ratio: THD = 0.04% (typ.) (V CC = 13.2V, f = 1kHz, P OUT = 1W, R L = 4Ω, G V = 50dB) • Low noise: V NO = 0.30mV rms (typ.) (V CC = 13.2V, R L = 4Ω, G V 50dB, R g = 0Ω, BW = 20Hz~20kHz) • Built −in stand −by function (with pin(4) set at low, power is turned off.): I SB = 100µA (typ.) • Built−in muting function (with pin(1) set at low, power is turned off.) • Built−in various protection circuitsProtection circuits: Thermal shut down, Over voltage, Out →V CC short, Out →GND short and Out −Out short. • Operating supply voltage: V CC (opr) = 9~18VTA8221AHQTA8221ALQWeightHZIP17−P −2.00 : 9.8g (typ.) HSIP17−P −2.00 : 9.8g (typ.)Block DiagramTA8221AHQ, TA8221ALQ (G V = 50dB)Cautions And Application Method(description is made only on the single channel.)1. Voltage gain adjustmentThis IC has the amplifier construction as shown Fig.1. The pre−amp (amp 1) is provided to the primary stage, and the input voltage is amplified by the flat amps, amp 3 and amp 4 of each channel through the phase amp (amp 2).Since the input offset is prevented by pre−amp when V CC is set to on, this circuit can remarkably reduce the pop noise.The total closed loop gain G V of this IC can be obtained by expression below when the closed loop voltage gain of amp 1 is G V1.(dB) R2f R R2)f (R R1 og 20 V1G +++=l (1)The closed loop voltage gain of power amp, amp 3 and amp 4 is fixed at G V3≒G V4 = 20dB.Therefore, the total closed circuit voltage gain G V is obtained through BTL connection by the expression below. G V = G V1 + G V3 + 6 (dB) (2)For example, when Rf = 0Ω, G V is obtained by the expressions (1) and (2) as shown below. G V ≒24 + 20 + 6 = 50dBThe voltage gain is reduced when R f is increased. (Fig.2) With the voltage gain reduced, since (1) the oscillation stability is reduced, and (2) the pop noise changes when V CC is set to on, refer to the items 3 and 4.2. Stand −by SW functionBy means of controlling pin(4) (stand −by terminal) to high and low, the power suply can be set to on and off. The threshold voltage of pin(4) is set at 2.1V (3V BE .),and the power supply current is about 100µA (typ.) at the stand −by state.Control voltage of pin(4): V (SB)Stand −by Power V (SB) (V)On Off 0~2 Off On 3~V CCAdvantage of stand −by SW(1) Since V CC can directly be controlled to on / off by the microcomputer, the switching relay can be omitted. (2) Since the control current is microscopic, the switching relay of small current capacity is satisfactory forswitching.3. Preventive measure against oscillationFor preventing the oscillation, it is advisable to use C4, the condenser of polyester film having small characteristic fluctuation of the temperature and the frequency.The condenser (C6) between input and GND is effective for preventng oscillation which is generated with a feedback signal from an output stage.The resistance R to be series applied to C4 is effective for phase correction of high frequency, and improves the oscillation allowance.(1) Voltage gain to be used (G V setting)(2) Capacity value of condenser(3) Kind of condenser(4) Layout of printed boardIn case of its use with the voltage gain G V reduced or with the feedback amount increased, care must be taken because the phase−inversion is caused by the high frequency resulting in making the oscillation liable generated.4. Adjustment of output offset (when the power supply turn on)As this IC is contructed with DC circuit on the primary stage, it is necessary to lower a input offset or output offset by agreement with the each leading edge time constant of the input voltage in the primary stage and NF terminal voltage.Concretely, monitor the output DC voltage and vary the capacity value in input condenser and NF condenser (see Fig.4)(reference) In case of setting the condition (G V = 40dB) with R f = 470Ω.5. Muting functionThrough setting pin(1) (mute terminal) at about 1V or less, mutingbecomes possible.The interval circuit of IC is shown in Fig.5.When pin(1) is set to low, Q1 and Q2 are turned to on, the chargeof the ripple condenser is discharged and the bias is cut. The muteamount of 60dB or over can be obtained.Since this muting function rapidly discharge the charge of the ripplefilter capacitor of pin(8), the pop noise is generated by the DCfluctuation of the bias section.Therefore, this muting function is not appropriate to the audio muting but itis effective in muting at V CC→on.6. Rapid ripple discharging circuit at the time of V CC offThis circuit is effective in such a mode where the V CC and the stand−by terminals become high / low simultaneously ; for instance, for a pop noise produced when the power is turned on / off repeatedly by operating the ignition key.If V CC is off, V CC≒7V is detected internally on IC and(1) The power stage bias circuit is cut, and(2) Pin(8) : Ripple capacitor is rapidly discharged by turning Q3 on and then Q1 and Q2 on. (Precaution 1)When the stand−by terminal was put to the low level after the ripple rapiddischarging circuit was operated (V CC≒7V) at the time when V CC was turnedoff, a pop noise may be generated. Therefore, V CC which makes the stand−byterminal low shall be set at 8V or above so that (1) the stand−by terminal isput at the low level and (2) the ripple rapid discharging circuit is turned onwhen V CC is turned off (in order of (1) and (2)).An example of application is shown in (Fig.7).(Precaution 2)If the falling time constant of the V CC line is large (the fall is gentle), the pop noise may become worse.In this case, it is possible to prevent the pop noise from beoming worse by reducing the capacity of "ripple rapid discharging circuit at the time of V CC off" accordign to the following steps :(a) Short pin(1) (mute terminal) and pin(8) (ripple terminal).(b) Increase the capacity of ripple capacitor of pin(8).However, it shall be kept in mind that the time for turning the power on becomes longer as the result of step (b).Absolute Maximum Ratings (Ta = 25°C)Characteristic Symbol Rating UnitPeak supply voltage (0.2s) V CC (surge)50VDC supply voltage V CC (DC) 25 V Operating supply voltage V CC (opr) 18 V Output current (peak) I O (peak) 9 A Power dissipation P D 50 W Operating temperature T opr −30~85 °C Storage temperatureT stg−55~150 °CElectrical Characteristics(unless otherwise specified, V CC = 13.2V, R L = 4Ω, f = 1kHz, Ta = 25°C)Characteristic Symbol Test Cir −cuitTest ConditionMin.Typ.Max.UnitQuiescent supply currentI CCQ ― V IN = 0― 120 250 mA P OUT (1)― V CC = 14.4V, R L = 2Ω, THD = 10%― 30 ― P OUT (2) ― R L = 2Ω, THD = 10% 17 26 ― Output powerP OUT (3)― THD = 10% 1619―WTotal harmonic distortion THD ― P OUT = 1W― 0.04 0.4 % Voltage gain G V ― ― 48 50 52 dB Voltage gain ratio ∆G V ― ―−1.0 0 1.0 dB Output noise voltageV NO ―R g = 0Ω,BW = 20Hz~20kHz ― 0.3 0.7 mV rms Ripple rejection ratio R.R. ― fripple = 100Hz, R g = 600Ω40 54 ― dB Input resistance R IN ― ―― 30 ―k ΩOutput offset voltage V offset ― V IN = 0−100 0 100 mV Current at stand −by state I SB ― ―― 100 150 µA Cross talkC.T.―R g = 600Ω,V OUT = 0.775V rms (0dBm) ― 60 ― dBPin(4) control voltage V SB ― Stand −by → off (power →on) 2.5 ―V CC VPin(1) control voltageV (mute)―Mute →on (power →off)― 1.0 2.0 VTest circuitTA8221AHQ, TA8221ALQ (G V = 50dB)Weight : 9.8g (typ.)Weight : 9.8g (typ.)•Use an appropriate power supply fuse to ensure that a large current does not continuously flow in case of over current and/or IC failure. The IC will fully break down when used under conditions that exceed its absolute maximum ratings, when the wiring is routed improperly or when an abnormal pulse noise occurs from the wiring or load, causing a large current to continuously flow and the breakdown can lead smoke or ignition. To minimize the effects of the flow of a large current in case of breakdown, appropriate settings, such as fuse capacity, fusing time and insertion circuit location, are required.•If your design includes an inductive load such as a motor coil, incorporate a protection circuit into the design to prevent device malfunction or breakdown caused by the current resulting from the inrush current at power ON or the negative current resulting from the back electromotive force at power OFF. For details on how to connect a protection circuit such as a current limiting resistor or back electromotive force adsorption diode, refer to individual IC datasheets or the IC databook. IC breakdown may cause injury, smoke or ignition.•Use a stable power supply with ICs with built-in protection functions. If the power supply is unstable, the protection function may not operate, causing IC breakdown. IC breakdown may cause injury, smoke or ignition.•Carefully select external components (such as inputs and negative feedback capacitors) and load components (such as speakers), for example, power amp and regulator. If there is a large amount of leakage current such as input or negative feedback condenser, the IC output DC voltage will increase. If this output voltage is connected toa speaker with low input withstand voltage, overcurrent or IC failure can cause smoke or ignition. (The overcurrent can cause smoke or ignition from the IC itself.) In particular, please pay attention when using a Bridge Tied Load (BTL) connection type IC that inputs output DC voltage to a speaker directly.•Over current Protection CircuitOver current protection circuits (referred to as current limiter circuits) do not necessarily protect ICs under all circumstances. If the Over current protection circuits operate against the over current, clear the over current status immediately. Depending on the method of use and usage conditions, such as exceeding absolute maximum ratings can cause the over current protection circuit to not operate properly or IC breakdown before operation. In addition, depending on the method of use and usage conditions, if over current continues to flow for a long time after operation, the IC may generate heat resulting in breakdown.•Thermal Shutdown CircuitThermal shutdown circuits do not necessarily protect ICs under all circumstances. If the Thermal shutdown circuits operate against the over temperature, clear the heat generation status immediately. Depending on the method of use and usage conditions, such as exceeding absolute maximum ratings can cause the thermal shutdown circuit to not operate properly or IC breakdown before operation.•Heat Radiation DesignWhen using an IC with large current flow such as power amp, regulator or driver, please design the device so that heat is appropriately radiated, not to exceed the specified junction temperature (Tj) at any time and condition.These ICs generate heat even during normal use. An inadequate IC heat radiation design can lead to decrease in IC life, deterioration of IC characteristics or IC breakdown. In addition, please design the device taking into considerate the effect of IC heat radiation with peripheral components.•Installation to Heat SinkPlease install the power IC to the heat sink not to apply excessive mechanical stress to the IC. Excessive mechanical stress can lead to package cracks, resulting in a reduction in reliability or breakdown of internal IC chip. In addition, depending on the IC, the use of silicon rubber may be prohibited. Check whether the use of silicon rubber is prohibited for the IC you intend to use, or not. For details of power IC heat radiation design and heat sink installation, refer to individual technical datasheets or IC databooks.RESTRICTIONS ON PRODUCT USE060116EBF •The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. 021023_D•TOSHIBA is continually working to improve the quality and reliability of its products. Nevertheless, semiconductor devices in general can malfunction or fail due to their inherent electrical sensitivity and vulnerability to physical stress. It is the responsibility of the buyer, when utilizing TOSHIBA products, to comply with the standards of safety in making a safe design for the entire system, and to avoid situations in which a malfunction or failure of such TOSHIBA products could cause loss of human life, bodily injury or damage to property.In developing your designs, please ensure that TOSHIBA products are used within specified operating ranges as set forth in the most recent TOSHIBA products specifications. Also, please keep in mind the precautions and conditions set forth in the “Handling Guide for Semiconductor Devices,” or “TOSHIBA Semiconductor Reliability Handbook” etc. 021023_A• The TOSHIBA products listed in this document are intended for usage in general electronics applications (computer, personal equipment, office equipment, measuring equipment, industrial robotics, domestic appliances, etc.). These TOSHIBA products are neither intended nor warranted for usage in equipment that requires extraordinarily high quality and/or reliability or a malfunction or failure of which may cause loss of human life or bodily injury (“Unintended Usage”). Unintended Usage include atomic energy control instruments, airplane or spaceship instruments, transportation instruments, traffic signal instruments, combustion control instruments, medical instruments, all types of safety devices, etc. Unintended Usage of TOSHIBA products listed in this document shall be made at the customer’s own risk. 021023_B•The products described in this document shall not be used or embedded to any downstream products of which manufacture, use and/or sale are prohibited under any applicable laws and regulations. 060106_Q• The information contained herein is presented only as a guide for the applications of our products. No responsibility is assumed by TOSHIBA for any infringements of patents or other rights of the third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or patent rights of TOSHIBA or others. 021023_C•The products described in this document are subject to the foreign exchange and foreign trade laws. 021023_E •This product generates heat during normal operation. However, substandard performance or malfunction may cause the product and its peripherals to reach abnormally high temperatures.The product is often the final stage (the external output stage) of a circuit. Substandard performance or malfunction of the destination device to which the circuit supplies output may cause damage to the circuit or to the product. 030619_RAbout solderability, following conditions were confirmed• Solderability(1) Use of Sn-37Pb solder Bath· solder bath temperature = 230°C· dipping time = 5 seconds· the number of times = once· use of R-type flux(2) Use of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu solder Bath· solder bath temperature = 245°C· dipping time = 5 seconds· the number of times = once· use of R-type flux。
美国ALQ-167“愤怒的小猫”电子战吊舱
美国A1Q∙167“愤怒的小猫”电子战吊舱目录前言 (1)1 .发展背景 (2)2 .系统特点 (2)3 .测试情况 (3)4 .名称来源 (5)5 .“恼怒的小猫”对我威胁影响分析 (5)5.1.概述 (5)5.2.研发背景 (6)5.3.作战性能 (6)5.4.威胁评估 (7)6.小结 (7)前言2023年4月，美国空军在一架MQ-9A“死神”无人机上对电子战设备进行了测试。
空军第556测试和评估中队完成了对“死神”无人机的初步地面和飞行测试，该无人机配备了“愤怒的小猫”(AngryKitten)A1Q-167电子对抗吊舱,A1Q-167吊舱为MQ-9提供了针对地面和空中威胁的高强度电子攻击(EA)能力。
该吊舱由佐治亚理工学院研制，此前己在F-16战斗机等平台进行了测试。
图12023年4月10日至28日，第556测试和评估中队在内华达州克里奇空军基地使用“愤怒的小猫”A1Q-167电子对抗(ECM)吊舱完成了MQ-9A“死神”的第一轮地面和飞行测试1.发展背景A1Q-167“愤怒的小猫”电子战吊舱大约在十年前由佐治亚州理工学院作为训练吊舱研发，用于在空军测试和训练任务期间模拟敌方电子攻击信号。
该吊舱试图创建一个电子战系统，通过机器学习和易于更新的软件更快地适应新的威胁;是一种可快速收集并分析电磁频谱信号，同时可以通过人工智能学习，自主生成最佳作战方案的认知型电子对抗系统。
2016年，“愤怒的小猫”作为训练吊舱装备于美扮演红军F-16战机上，主要用于模拟敌方电子战行动。
但由于在训练中展现出极强的作战能力、灵活性以及重新编程能力，美空军空中作战司令部决定将其转换为战斗版本，用来干扰敌方传感器。
2023年，美国空战司令部建议将四个吊舱改装成战斗吊舱，以提供针对敌方射频威胁系统的攻击能力，而不是模拟攻击。
在为期两周的测试中，自卫干扰吊舱的任务数据文件软件连夜更新，以提高每天针对威胁的性能。
2.系统特点A1Q-167“愤怒的小猫”电子战吊舱包含一个猫形管，大量电子元件被集成在猫形管里。
美军接收首批ALQ-214（V）45电子战系统等
司提供后勤支持。
俄印两国海军结束在日本海联合演习
7月19日，俄罗斯-印度“因陀罗-2014”海军联合演习在日本海 结 束。俄 印 联 合演习启动 仪 式于7月15日在驻 扎于 符 拉 迪沃 斯托克 的 俄 太平洋 舰队 旗 舰“瓦良格”号导弹巡洋 舰 上举 行。据 报 道，此 次演习的主要目的是演练俄印在海上的联合行动。演习中，俄印两 国海员演练了打击假定水雷、直升机操练、搜查可疑船舶和保障海 上航运项目。此外，双方还进行了向遇难船舶提供救助，进行夜战 和寻找及销毁假定潜艇的演练。
美国“朱姆沃尔特”级驱逐舰性能提升
据 雷 声 公司网 站 7月31日报 道，美 军“朱 姆 沃 尔 特 ”（D D G 10 0 0）级驱 逐 舰项目的研发 工作继 续进 行，并在雷达作战系统、舰载 系 统 集 成 和 船 员训 练 方 面 达 到 多 个里程 碑 节点，为下一 代 多用 途 驱 逐 舰研发 出了先 进的关 键 任 务系统。突 破 性 进 展 包 括 第七版 全 舰计 算 环 境（T S C E）软件成 功 通 过 测 试 审 核；有 源 相 控 阵多 功 能 雷达 在 沃勒普斯（Wallops Island）飞行基地首次成功完成目标追踪任务； 第三 批 DD G -10 0 0 预服役船员的船摘
防务纵览
美军接收首批ALQ-214（V）4/5电子战系统
据 E x e l i s 公司网 站 7月3 0日报 道，E x e l i s 公司向美国海 军成 功交 付了其承担的九批下一代电子战自我防护系统全速生产任务的首批 产品——ALQ-214（V）4/5。ALQ-214（V）4/5是综合防御电子对抗 套件（I D E C M）中 机 载干扰 系统的 最 新 型号，经 过 小 型 化等 一系列 升级改 造，目前可安装于F/A-18E / F“超级大 黄蜂”、F/A-18 C / D“黄 蜂”等战机上，有助于两型战机及其机组人员免受动态射频威胁的 攻击，可确保美国海军在电子威胁出现之前就做出反应。
2017年山东省高考语文试卷逐题解析AlqUKq
绝密★启用前本试卷分第I卷和第II卷两部分，共8页。
满分150分。
考试用时150分钟。
考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
注意事项：1．答卷前，考生务必用0．5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、座号、考生号、县区和类填写在答题卡和试卷规定的位置上。
2．第Ⅰ卷每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
答案写在试卷上无效。
3．第Ⅱ卷必须用0．5毫米黑色签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应的位置，不能写在试卷上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不能使用涂改液、胶带纸、修正带。
不按以上要求作答的答案无效。
第I卷（共36分）一、（每小题3分，共15分）阅读下面一段文字，完成1～3题。
隆冬之际，西伯利亚的寒流（笼罩/席卷）欧亚大陆，狂风肆虐．．，而那些春天的元素——温．．，草木凋凌暖、雨水、绿叶、鲜花，都集结．．在位于热带的海南岛。
海南岛就像是一艘花船，（系/停）在雷州半岛上，满载寒冬大陆的梦幻和想象。
每年，从广州向漠河，春天昼夜兼程．．．．，都要进行一次生命版图．．的（扩展/扩充）。
他像赤足奔跑的孩子，一路上用稚嫩．．的声音轻轻呼唤，于是万物苏醒，盛装应和，可谓“东风好作阳和使，。
”迢迢旅途中，气候的巨大差异，导致众多物种只能有限地参与这一盛会。
木棉花花朵硕大，是南国花中豪杰，“一声铜鼓催开，千树珊瑚齐列，”但她终究无法走出岭南。
当春天行经长江、黄河流域时，出场的是桃花、杏花等新主角，“桃花嫣然．．出篱笑，”，然而她们却无法追随春天深入雪国，陆续抱憾退出．．．．，随后登场的便是白杨、连翘等北国耐寒植物。
1．文中加点的词语，有错别字的一项是A．肆虐凋凌B．集结昼夜兼程C．版图稚嫩D．嫣然抱憾退出2．依次选用文中括号里的词语，最恰当的一项是A．席卷系扩展B．笼罩停扩展C．席卷停扩充D．笼罩系扩充3．在文中两处横线上依次填入诗句，衔接最恰当的一项是A．逢草逢花报发生只恨春归我未归B．万柄莲香一枕山只恨春归我未归C．逢草逢花报发生似开未开最有情D．万柄莲香一枕山似开未开最有情【答案】1．A2．A3．C【解析】1．试题分析：A项“凋凌”应为“凋零”，泛指花的凋谢，零落。
Exelis公司向美国海军提供AN／ALQ-214系统
能达到区别信号与噪声的 目的。
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PtOEP掺杂Alq_3有机发光器件的能量传递
第34卷第12期 光电工程V ol.34, No.12 2007年12月 Opto-Electronic Engineering Dec, 2007文章编号：1003-501X(2007)12-0134-04PtOEP掺杂Alq3有机发光器件的能量传递吴敬，刘彭义，张靖磊，侯林涛( 暨南大学物理系，广东广州 510632 )摘要：研究了高效磷光染料八乙基卟啉铂(PtOEP)掺杂于主体材料八羟基喹啉铝(Alq3)体系中PtOEP、Alq3之间的能量传输机制。
分别以PtOEP掺杂和未掺杂的Alq3膜作为发光层制作有机发光器件(OLED)，改变掺杂浓度，检测器件电致发光(EL)光谱的变化。
经分析，在5%、10%、20%三种掺杂浓度中，10%掺杂浓度能量传递效果最好。
通过对掺杂和未掺杂器件电流密度－电压、亮度－电压数据检测，计算外量子效率，在低电流密度(≤7mA/cm2)驱动下掺杂器件外量子效率是未掺杂器件的5倍。
关键词：有机发光器件；磷光染料；能量转移；掺杂浓度中图分类号：TN383.1 文献标志码：AEnergy transfer in PtOEP doped Alq3 organic light-emitting devicesWU Jing，LIU Peng-yi，ZAHNG Jing-lei，HOU Lin-tao( Department of Physics, Jinan University, Guangzhou510632, China )Abstract:Employing 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethyl-21H,23H-porphine platinum(II) (PtOEP) as a phosphorescent dye, doped into 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum (Alq3) host, the mechanism of energy transfer is demonstrated. Organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) are fabricated by using PtOEP doped Alq3 or only Alq3 as light emitting layer, respectively.The electroluminescence spectra of devices with different doping concentration are detected under different driving current densities. Through the analysis of the spectra, the mechanism of energy transfer and the optical properties between PtOEP and Alq3, we conclude that 10% (by weight) doping concentration is optimal concentration. The external quantum efficiencies (QE) are calculated according to the current density-voltage and luminescence-voltage data. It is shown that the QE of devices with 10% PtOEP doping concentration is five times more than that of Alq3 only device under low driving current density (≤7 mA/cm2).Key words: organic light-emitting devices; phosphorescent dye; energy transfer; doping concentration引 言八羟基喹啉铝(Alq3)是一种常用的有机半导体发光材料，在有机发光器件(OLEDs)中有重要地位[1-2]，但它是荧光材料，只能发出荧光，即只有单重态的发光，没有三重态的发光[3]。
有机半导体Alq的“n型掺杂”研究
有机半导体Alq的“n型掺杂”研究有机半导体Alq的“n型掺杂”研究近年来，有机半导体材料在光电器件领域广泛应用。
相较于无机半导体材料，有机半导体具有柔性、低成本和易加工等优点，对于柔性显示器、有机太阳能电池和有机发光二极管等领域的发展具有重要意义。
其中，全名为铝三甲基金属配合物（Alq），是一种具有优异的发光特性和电学性质的有机半导体材料，因此备受关注。
虽然Alq作为p型半导体在有机电子器件中发挥重要作用，但作为n型半导体的应用却受到了一定的限制。
由于其本征半导体通常表现为p型输运，其中空穴作为主要载流子。
因此，探索一种有效的方法实现Alq的“n型掺杂”具有重要意义。
在Alq中实现n型掺杂的方法有很多，如掺杂杂质、引入异质结、利用界面修饰等。
对于掺杂杂质来说，通过引入含有氧、氮或硫等原子的分子，可以改变Alq的电学性质，扩展其载流子输运特性。
此外，通过将Alq与其他n型有机半导体或无机半导体材料形成异质结，也可以实现Alq的n型掺杂。
在界面修饰方面，通过调整Alq与介质界面之间的电子态分布，也能够影响Alq的导电性能。
在掺杂杂质方面，研究人员发现通过掺入具有强电子亲和力的分子，如铁酞菁和硝基苯酚等，可以显著提高Alq的电子迁移率。
与此同时，这些掺杂杂质还会降低Alq的工作函数，提高电子注入性能。
通过实验可得，Alq与铁酞菁掺杂体系的电子迁移率较纯净Alq明显提高了一个数量级。
此外，研究人员还发现使用异质结的方法，如Alq与Alq衍生物或C60形成的异质结，也能够实现Alq的n型掺杂。
实验结果表明，与纯净Alq相比，Alq与Alq衍生物形成的异质结具有更高的电子迁移率和更佳的n型输运性能。
在界面修饰方面，研究发现通过导入适量的钠离子或锂离子，可以有效调节Alq与介质之间的电子分布情况，实现Alq 的n型掺杂。
通过这种方式，在Alq与介质之间形成适当的势垒，可以增加电子的输运能力。
这一方法不仅实现了Alq的n 型掺杂，还改善了器件的电流注入性能。
alqavnh专_科生考研报名条件
、|!_一个人总要走陌生的路，看陌生的风景，听陌生的歌，然后在某个不经意的瞬间，你会发现，原本费尽心机想要忘记的事情真的就这么忘记了..专科生考研报名条件在今年就业的空前压力下，很多人都选择了考研路。
但是对于专科生是否可以考研？很多考生还是产生了或多或少的疑惑和犹豫。
随着国家对同等学力考研政策的逐渐放开，越来越多的专科生以同等学力考生身份参与到研究生考试中来。
根据教育部规定，获得国家承认的大专毕业学历后经两年或两年以上(从大专毕业到录取为硕士生当年9月1日)，达到大学本科毕业生同等学力，且符合招生单位根据本单位的培养目标对考生提出的具体业务要求的人员，可以报考研究生。
这里的大专生包括普通高校、成考、自考或国家承认学历的其他形式的专科毕业生。
专科毕业考的研究生1.报考条件是专科毕业2年以上者。
如果你是09年毕业，那么你就只能参加2011年的研究生考试.2.报名程序是：十月份参加网络报名网络报名时记好自己的报名号然后11月中旬去现场确认，提交自己的网络报名号进行现场报名一般来说你所在城市的有研究生教育点的学校都会是报名点你在哪个学校报名考试的时候就在哪个学校。
这个规定是必要非充分条件，也就是说：专科毕业两年是报考研究生的基本条件，各招生单位还将在此基础上对同等学力作出具体的规定和要求，考生需提前了解招生单位的具体要求。
各招生单位会根据自己的实际情况，对同等学力考生作出自己的规定，综合各招生单位对同等学力考生的要求，主要有以下几个方面：1.通过本科段课程。
各招生单位对同等学力考生的要求，大都主要体现在对本科段课程学习程度的要求上。
在具体要求上，有的学校要求考生必须通过5门以上本科段核心课程成绩，有的要求8门以上，有的要求10门以上。
2.英语达到本科毕业水平。
3.要求发表论文或有科研成果，只有少数院校在招生简章中作此要求。
4.复试时要加试两门专业课。
加试是对同等学力考生的基本要求，也是国家教育部的统一要求，其目的在于以直接的形式检测考生的实际水平。
ALQ07FY中文资料
元器件交易网1ALQ07 DC-DC Converter Technical Reference NotesIndustry Standard Size – 36-75V Input, 3.3V/1.8V, 3.3V/1.5V and 3.3V/1.2V dual OutputFeatures• • • • • • • • • • 2.28”X1.45’’ X0.43”package Basic isolation High power density 2:1 wide input of 36-75V CNT function Trim function Input under-voltage lockout Output over-current protection Output over-voltage protection Wide operating case temperature rangeIndustry Standard Size: 2.28”X 1.45’’ X 0.43’’packageOptionsChoice of positive logic or negative logic for CNT function Choice of short pins or long pinsDescriptionThe ALQ07 series is a new open frame DC-DC converter. It is one of the most effective options available in component power. The ALQ07 series uses an industry standard package size: 36.8mm×57.9mm×10.9mm (2.28”x1.45”x0.43”) and standard pin-out configuration, provides CNT and trim functions. ALQ07 series comes in 48V input versions, each of which uses a 2:1 input range of 36~75V. The series can provide 3.3V@6A+1.8V@4A, 3.3V@6A+1.5V@4A and 3.3V@6A+1.2V@4A dual output, and output is isolated from input. And the converters are capable of providing up to 30 watts of output power.ALQ07 DC-DC Converter Technical Reference NotesDATE: Aug., 9, 2003元器件交易网2ContentsOptions ......................................................................................................................................1 Description.................................................................................................................................1 Module Numbering ...........................................................................................................................4 Electrical Specifications ....................................................................................................................5 Input Specifications ...................................................................................................................5 Absolute Maximum Ratings .......................................................................................................6 Output Specifications.................................................................................................................7 Output Specifications (Cont.).....................................................................................................8 Feature Specifications ...............................................................................................................9 Characteristic Curves .....................................................................................................................10 Performance Curves – Efficiency ............................................................................................10 Performance Curves – Output Performance Curves ...............................................................11 Performance Curves – Transient Response............................................................................12 Performance Curves – Transient Response (Cont.)................................................................13 Performance Curves – Transient Response (Cont.)................................................................14 Performance Curves – Startup Characteristics........................................................................15 Performance Curves – Startup from CNT Control ...................................................................16 Feature Description ........................................................................................................................17 CNT Function ..........................................................................................................................17 Trim .........................................................................................................................................18 Minimum Load Requirements..................................................................................................19 Output Over-current Protection................................................................................................19 Output Over-voltage Protection ...............................................................................................19 Over Temperature Protection ..................................................................................................19 Output Filters ...........................................................................................................................19 Decoupling ..............................................................................................................................20 Ground Loops..........................................................................................................................20 Design Consideration .....................................................................................................................21 Typical Application...................................................................................................................21 Fusing......................................................................................................................................21 Input Reverse Voltage Protection ............................................................................................22 EMC ........................................................................................................................................22 Safety Consideration ...............................................................................................................24 Thermal Consideration ...................................................................................................................25 MTBF..............................................................................................................................................25 Mechanical Considerations.............................................................................................................26 Installation ...............................................................................................................................26ALQ07 DC-DC Converter Technical Reference Notes DATE: Aug., 9, 2003元器件交易网3Soldering .................................................................................................................................26 Mechanical Chart (pin side view) ....................................................................................................27 Ordering Information.......................................................................................................................28ALQ07 DC-DC Converter Technical Reference NotesDATE: Aug., 9, 2003元器件交易网4Module Numbering A L Q 071 2 3Explanation: 1－Series name 2－Low profile 3－Quarter brick 4－Output current: 7A 5－Dual output: F: 3.3V, M: 1.5V, Y: 1.8V 6－Input voltage range: 36V to 72V 7—CNT logic, N---Negative enable, default is positive enable 8—Pin length: 6---3.80mm 8---2.80mm 7---5.8mm By default: 5mmFM 48 N- 75 6 7 84ALQ07 DC-DC Converter Technical Reference NotesDATE: Aug., 9, 2003元器件交易网5Electrical SpecificationsUnless otherwise indicated, specifications apply over all operating input voltage and temperature conditions. Standard test condition on a single unit is as following: Ta(ambient): +Vin: -Vin: CNT: 25 oC 48V±2% return pin for +Vin connect to COM for negative logic produce open for positive logic produce +Vo1, +Vo2: COM: Trim(Vadj): connect to load connect to load (return) openInput SpecificationsParameterOperating Input Voltage Maximum Input Current (VI = 0 to VI,max, Io = Io,max) Input Reflected-ripple Current (5Hz to 20MHz: 12μH sourceimpedance: Ta = 25 ºC.)DeviceAllSymbolVIMin36Typ.48Max75UnitVdcAllII,max--1AAllII--10mAp-pNo Load Input Power (VI = VI,nom )All---3.3WCAUTION: This power module is not internally fused. An input line fuse must always be used.ALQ07 DC-DC Converter Technical Reference NotesDATE: Aug., 9, 2003元器件交易网6Absolute Maximum RatingsStresses in excess of the absolute maximum ratings can cause permanent damage to the device. These are absolute stress ratings only. Functional operation of the device is not implied at these or any other conditions in excess of those given in the operational sections of the IPS. Exposure to absolute maximum ratings for extended periods can adversely affect device reliability. ParameterContinuous: Input Voltage Transient (100ms) All VI, trans Ta 0 100 VdcDeviceAllSymbolVIMin0Typ.-Max80UnitVdcOperating Ambient TemperatureAll-40-60ºCStorage TemperatureAllTSTG-55-125ºCOperating Humidity Basic Input-Output Isolation (Conditions: 50µA for 5 sec, slew rate of 1500V/10sec) Output PowerAll---95%All---1,500VdcAllPo,max--30WALQ07 DC-DC Converter Technical Reference NotesDATE: Aug., 9, 2003元器件交易网7Output SpecificationsParameterOutput Ripple and Noise(When measure ripple, noise and dynamic response, external 10uF tantalum capacitor and 0.1uF ceramic capacitor required for each output.)DeviceSymbolMinTypMaxRipple NoiseUnitAllVo1 Vo2--50 5050 50mVp-p mVp-pPeak-to-Peak (5 Hz to 20 MHz) External Load Capacitance All Vo1 Vo2 Vo1set Vo2set Vo1set Vo2set Vo1set Vo2set 0 0 3.25 1.77 3.25 1.48 3.25 1.18 3.3 1.8 3.3 1.5 3.3 1.2 4000 4000 3.35 1.83 3.35 1.52 3.35 1.22 0.5 Vo1 Vo2 Vo1 Vo2 Io1 Io2 Io1+ Io2 0 0 11 5 3 10 5 8 5 15 10 6 7 15 µF µF Vdc Vdc Vdc Vdc Vdc Vdc %Vo,nom mV mV mV mV A A AOutput Voltage Setpoint (Rating input, 3.3V@4A+1.8V@6A, 3.3V@4A+1.5V@6A,3.3V@4A+1 .2V@6A, Ta = 25 ºC )ALQ07FYALQ07FMALQ07FKCross regulation (Any one output Vs. others) Output Regulation: Line (Vi=Vi,min to Vi,max) Load (Io = Io,min to Io,max, other Io =50%Io,nom) (Ta=-40 ºC~60ºC) Rated Output Current (Io1+Io2≤10A) Output Current Protection (When unit is shut down)All All(Line Regulation)All(Load Regulation)AllAllALQ07FY Efficiency (Rating input,3.3V@6A, 1.8V/1.5V/1.2V@0A ; Ta = 25°C) ALQ07FM ALQ07FK Switching Frequency All-80 80 80 36082 82 82% % % kHzALQ07 DC-DC Converter Technical Reference NotesDATE: Aug., 9, 2003元器件交易网8Output Specifications (Cont.)ParameterLoad Change from Io = 50% to 75% of Io,max ,when the other output current is 50% Io.nom Dynamic Response*: (∆Io/∆t = 1A/µs; VI = VI,nom ; Ta = 25°C) Peak Deviation Settling Time (to Vo,nom) Load Change from Io = 50% to 25% of Io,max ,when the other output current is 50% Io.nom. Peak Deviation Settling Time (to Vo,nom ) Turn-On Time Output Voltage Overshoot (3.3V@6A,1.8V@4A, 3.3V@6A,1.5V@4A, 3.3V@6A,1.2V@4A Ta = 25°C) All Vo2 0 5 %VoDeviceSymbolMinTypMaxUnitAll---5%VoAll---200µsecAll---5%VoAll---200µsecAllVo15 010 3msec %VoNote:The output capacitance 220uF+220uF tantalum (Each capacitor ESR＜100m Ω)may be used to meet the specified dynamic response.ALQ07 DC-DC Converter Technical Reference NotesDATE: Aug., 9, 2003元器件交易网9Feature SpecificationsParameterEnable pin voltage Logic Low Logic HighDeviceAll All All All AllSymbolMin-0.7 3.5 -Typ-Max1.8 12 2.0 110 115UnitV V mA %Vonom ℃ V V V V V V pF MΩ Hours gEnable pin current (Logic Low) Output Voltage Adjustment Range Over Temperature ProtectVo2 T Vo180 101 3.90 2.20 1.80 1.45 31 30 10 -34 33 1500 1,800,000 -5.00 2.60 2.26 1.80 36 35 30Output Over-voltage (latch)AllVo2(1.8V) Vo2(1.5V) Vo2(1.2V)Under-voltage LockoutTurn-on Point Turn-off PointAll All All All All All-Isolation Capacitance Isolation Resistance Calculated MTBF (Io = Io,max ; Ta = 25°C) WeightALQ07 DC-DC Converter Technical Reference NotesDATE: Aug., 9, 2003元器件交易网10Characteristic CurvesPerformance Curves – Efficiency85 80 75 Efficiency (%) 70 65 60 55 50 45 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total output current (A) 7 8 9 Vin=36V Vin=48V Vin=75VEfficiency (%) 85 80 75 70 65 60 55 50 45 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total output current (A) 7 8 9 Vin=36V Vin=48V Vin=75VTypical Efficiency ALQ07FY*Typical Efficiency ALQ07FM*80 75 70 Efficiency (%) 65 60 55 50 45 40 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total output current (A) 7 Vin=36V Vin=48V Vin=75V 8 9Typical Efficiency ALQ07FK*Note:Both Io1 and Io2 increase by 10% until Io1+Io2=10AALQ07 DC-DC Converter Technical Reference NotesDATE: Aug., 9, 2003Performance Curves – Output Performance CurvesTypical Output Over-current ALQ07FY* Typical Output Over-current ALQ07FM*Typical Output Over-current ALQ07FK*Note:When I o1+I o2≥10A, the module will shut downPerformance Curves – Transient ResponseALQ07FY 25%-50%-25%I o1,nom (I o1) ALQ07FY 50%-75%-50%I o1,nom (I o1)load change, I o2 =50%I o2,nom(ch1:V o1,ch2:V o2) load change, I o2 =50%I o2,nom(ch1:V o1,ch2:V o2)ALQ07FY 25%-50%-25%I o2,nom (I o2) ALQ07FY 50%-75%-50%I o2,nom (I o2) load change, I o1 =50%I o1,nom(ch1:V o1,ch2:V o2) load change, I o1 =50%I o1,nom(ch1:V o1,ch2:V o2)Performance Curves – Transient Response (Cont.)ALQ07FM 25%-50%-25%I o1,nom (I o1) ALQ07FM 50%-75%-50%I o1,nom (I o1)load change, I o2 =50%I o2,nom(ch1:V o1,ch2:V o2) load change, I o2 =50%I o2,nom(ch1:V o1,ch2:V o2)ALQ07FM 25%-50%-25%I o2,nom (I o2) ALQ07FM 50%-75%-50%I o2,nom (I o2) load change, I o1 =50%I o1,nom(ch1:V o1,ch2:V o2) load change, I o1=50%I o1,nom(ch1:V o1,ch2:V o2)Performance Curves – Transient Response (Cont.)ALQ07FK 25%-50%-25%I o1,nom (I o1) ALQ07FK 50%-75%-50%I o1,nom (I o1) load change, I o2 =50%I o2,nom(ch1:V o1,ch2:V o2) load change, I o2 =50%I o2,nom(ch1:V o1,ch2:V o2)ALQ07FK 25%-50%-25%I o2,nom (I o2) ALQ07FK 50%-75%-50%I o2,nom (I o2) load change, I o1 =50%I o1,nom(ch1:V o1,ch2:V o2) load change, I o1 =50%I o1,nom(ch1:V o1,ch2:V o2)Performance Curves – Startup CharacteristicsALQ07FY Start-up from Power On ALQ07FM Start-up from Power OnALQ07FK Start-up from Power OnPerformance Curves – Startup from CNT ControlALQ07FY Start-up from CNT On ALQ07FM Start-up from CNT OnALQ07FK Start-up from CNT OnFeature DescriptionCNT FunctionTwo CNT logic options are available. The CNT logic, CNT voltage and the moduleworking state are as the following Table 1.L H OPENN ON OFF OFFP OFF ON ONTable 1N--- means “Negative Logic”, P--- means “Positive Logic”L--- means “Low Logic Voltage”, -0.7V≤L≤1.8VH--- means “High Logic Voltage”, 3.5V≤H≤12VON--- means “Module is on”, OFF--- means “Module is off”Open--- means “CNT pin is left open “Note:Normally, V CNT≤12V, but when CNT is left open, V CNT may reach to 15V.The following Figure shows a few simple CNT circuits.TrimThe +Vo2 output voltage of the ALQ07 series can be trimmed using the trim pinprovided. Applying a resistor R trim between the trim pin and either the COM or +Vo2pin will cause the +Vo2 output to increase by up to 10% or decrease by down to20%. Trimming up by more than 10% of the nominal output may activate the OVPcircuit or damage the converter. Trimming down more than 20% can cause theconverter to regulate improperly. If the trim pin is not needed, it should be left open.Trim upTrim downMinimum Load RequirementsParameter Device Symbol Typ UnitMinimum Load All Io1MINIo2MINAAOutput Over-current ProtectionFor ALQ07 series DC/DC converters, when any output occurs over-current, alloutputs shut down after 100-300ms. The module can be restarted by resetting theinput power or CNT control.Output Over-voltage ProtectionThe over-voltage protection has a separate feedback loop, which is activated whenthe output voltage exceeds 120% to 150% of the nominal output voltage. Themodule can be restarted by resetting the input power or CNT control.Over Temperature ProtectionALQ07 DC/DC converters will shut down when the temperature of the boardreaches 101℃ to 115℃, and the module will automatically restart if the temperatureof the board is under 100℃.Output FiltersWhen the load is sensitive to ripple and noise, an output filter can be added tominimize the effects. A simple output filter to reduce output ripple and noise can bemade by connecting a capacitor C out across the output as shown in Figure ‘OutputRipple Filter’. The recommended value for the output tantalum capacitor C out is220uF.Extra care should be taken when long leads or traces are used to provide power tothe load. Long lead lengths increase the chance for noise to appear on the lines.Under these conditions C1 can be added across the load, with a 0.1uF ceramiccapacitor C1 in parallel generally as shown in Figure ‘Output Ripple Filter for aDistant Load’.DecouplingNoise on the power distribution system is not always created by the converter. Highspeed analog or digital loads with dynamic power demands can cause noise tocross the power inductor back onto the input lines. Noise can be reduced bydecoupling the load. In most cases, connecting a 10uF tantalum or ceramiccapacitor in parallel with a 0.1uF ceramic capacitor across the load will decouple it.The capacitors should be connected as close to the load as possible.Ground LoopsGround loops occur when different circuits are given multiple paths to common orearth ground, as shown in Figure ‘Ground Loops’. Multiple ground points can beslightly different potential and cause current flow through the circuit from one point toanother. This can result in additional noise in all the circuits. To eliminate theproblem, circuits should be designed with a single ground connection as shown inFigure ‘Single Point Ground’.Design ConsiderationTypical ApplicationCin: Recommended input capacitor 47uF, aluminum electrolytic typeCout: Recommended output capacitor 220uF, Tantalum type, each capacitorESR<100mΩC1,C2: Recommended 0.1uF ceramic capacitorNote:Io1+Io2≤10AFusingThe ALQ07 power modules have no internal fuse. An external fuse must always beemployed! To meet international safety requirements, a 250 Volt rated fuse shouldbe used. If one of the input lines is connected to chassis ground, then the fuse mustbe placed in the other input line.Standard safety agency regulations require input fusing. Recommended fuse ratingfor the ALQ07 Series is 2A.Input Reverse Voltage ProtectionUnder installation and cabling conditions where reverse polarity across the inputmay occur, reverse polarity protection is recommended. Protection can easily beprovided as shown in Figure ‘Reverse Polarity Protection Circuit’. In both cases thediode used is rated for 3A/100V. Placing the diode across the inputs rather thanin-line with the input offers an advantage in that the diode only conducts in a reversepolarity condition, this increases circuit efficiency and thermal performance.Reverse Polarity Protection CircuitEMCInput filters are included in the converters to help achieve standard systememissions certifications. Some users however, may find that additional input filteringis necessary. The ALQ07 series has an internal switching frequency of 360kHz so ahigh frequency capacitor mounted close to the input terminals produces the bestresults. To reduce reflected noise, a capacitor can be added across the input asshown in Figure ‘Ripple Rejection Input Filter’, forming a filter. A 47uF/100Velectrolytic capacitor is recommended for C in.Ripple Rejection Input FilterFor conditions where EMI is a concern, a different input filter can be used. Thefollowing figure ‘EMI Reduction Filter’ shows a filter designed to reduce EMI effects.ALQ07 series can meet EN55022 CLASS A with the following figure.The recommended values can refer to the following table: Component Value/RatingType Description PriceC1 None NoneNone － C22.2uF/250VacMetal film capacitor－ － C3、C4、C8、C9、C10、C11 4700pF/250Vac Safety Y capacitor － － C5、C6 0.022uF/275Vac Safety Y capacitor － － C7 1000pF/100VCeramic－ － C12、C130.1uF/50V Ceramic－－Cin 47uF/100V Aluminum ElectrolyticAluminum Electrolytic－100V －47uF±20％－10*12.5－105℃－Cout 220uF/10V TantalumEach capacitorESR<100m Ω －L1 2.7mH Common modeFerrite core φ16 8/8，ferrite－L2、L3-- Ferrite BeadFerrite, 1206package, 3A/50Ω－Safety ConsiderationFor safety-agency approval of the system in which the power module is used, thepower module must be installed in compliance with the spacing and separationrequirements of the end-use safety agency standard, i.e., UL1950, CSA C22.2 No.950-95, and EN60950. The ALQ07 series input-to-output isolation is an basicinsulation. The DC/DC power module should be installed in end-use equipment, incompliance with the requirements of the ultimate application, and is intended to besupplied by an isolated secondary circuit. When the supply to the DC/DC powermodule meets all the requirements for SELV(<60Vdc), the output is considered toremain within SELV limits (level 3). If connected to a 60Vdc power system, double orreinforced insulation must be provided in the power supply that isolates the inputfrom any hazardous voltages, including the ac mains. One input pin and one outputpin are to be grounded or both the input and output pins are to be kept floating.Single fault testing in the power supply must be performed in combination with theDC/DC power module to demonstrate that the output meets the requirement forSELV. The input pins of the module are not operator accessible.Note: Do not ground either of the input pins of the module, without groundingone of the output pins. This may allow a non-SELV voltage to appear betweenthe output pin and ground.Thermal ConsiderationWhen 48V input, 60℃ambient temperature, and 150LFM airflow, ALQ07 series arerated for full power, and in this condition the case temperature can reach 90℃. Foroperation above ambient temperature of 60℃, output power must be derated asshown in Figure ‘Temperature Derating’, meantime, airflow at least 150LFM over theconverter must be provided to make the module working properly. the casetemperature should be used to determine maximum temperature limits. Theminimum operating temperature for the ALQ07 is -40℃.Temperature Derating CurvesMTBFThe MTBF, calculated in accordance with Bellcore TR-NWT-000332 is 1,800,000hours. Obtaining this MTBF in practice is entirely possible. If the ambient airtemperature is expected to exceed +25℃, then we also advise an oriented for thebest possible cooling in the air stream.ASTEC can supply replacements for converters from other manufacturers, or offercustom solutions. Please contact the factory for details.Mechanical ConsiderationsInstallationAlthough ALQ07 series converters can be mounted in any orientation, freeair-flowing must be taken. Normally power components are always put at the end ofthe airflow path or have the separate airflow paths. This can keep other systemequipment cooler and increase component life spans.SolderingALQ07 series converters are compatible with standard wave soldering techniques.When wave soldering, the converter pins should be preheated for 20-30 seconds at110℃, and wave soldered at 260℃for less than 10 seconds.When hand soldering, the iron temperature should be maintained at 425℃ andapplied to the converter pins for less than 5 seconds. Longer exposure can causeinternal damage to the converter. Cleaning can be performed with cleaning solventIPA or with water.Mechanical Chart (pin side view)Note: Pin length is optionalDefault: 5.8mm±0.5mm ( 0.228in.±0.02in.)Product name with suffix “-4”: 4.8mm±0.5mm ( 0.189in.±0.02in.)Product name with suffix “-6”: 3.8mm±0.25mm ( 0.15in.±0.01in.)Product name with suffix “-8”: 2.8mm±0.25mm ( 0.11in.±0.01in.)Ordering InformationModel NumberInputVoltage(V)OutputVoltage(V)OutputCurrent *(A)Ripple(mV ms)max.Noise(mV pp)max.Efficiency% typ.Vo1 3.3 6 50 50ALQ07FY 36-75Vo2 1.8 4 50 5081Vo1 3.3 6 50 50ALQ07FM 36-75Vo2 1.5 4 50 5081Vo1 3.3 6 50 50ALQ07FK 36-75Vo2 1.2 4 50 5081Note:Io1: 0A~6A, Io2: 0A~7A, Io1+Io2≤10A.。
AQL含义
AQL的意义及其确定方法利用国家标准制定统计抽样检验方案时，质量水平（AQL，PRQ，LQ，RQL，AOQ，AOQL），检查水平（IL），批量N，通常是检索抽样方案的重要参数。
选择检查水平（IL）与批量（N）的规定或原则一般比较明确，容易掌握。
而对质量水平的选择是一个生产方和适用方共同关注的焦点，涉及到质量控制、生产管理、营销策略并且和统计检验的理论和实践联系在一起，头绪较多，不易掌握。
这里仅就质量水平主要是可接收质量水平AQL的意义，重点对连数批抽样计划设计过程中确定AQL的原则、方法以及AQL的分配做一介绍，供个位在工作过程中参考。
1、质量水平的意义我们首先简要地介绍几个有关统计抽样检验标准中几个涉及质量水平的概念，他们是：可接收质量水平AQL，生产方风险质量PRQ，极限质量水平LQ，不合格质量水平RQL，平均检出（出厂）质量AOQ，平均检出（出厂）质量上限AOQL。
1．1 可接收质量水平AQL1．1．1 AQL的定义对于连续批序列，为进行抽样检查，认为满意的过程平均的最低的质量水平。
1．1．2 AQL的意义当提交批为一系列的连续批时，采用GB/T2828的抽样计划，主要目的是当批质量处于AQL时能以高概率接收，即在批质量处在合格质量水平时控制生产方的风险比较小。
这样一方面保护生产方；一方面告诉生产方，只要他的产品的过程平均质量比AQL好。
那么，绝大部分的批可以被使用方接收，这样就可以促使生产方保持和改进产品质量。
另一方面，通过调整检查的严格度也可以促使生产方改进产品质最。
1． 1．3 AQL的作用主要用于检索连续批抽样计划。
见于GB/T2828，ISO2859，GB/T6378。
1．2 生产方风险质量PRQ1．2．1 PRQ的定义生产方按合同规定提供产品批的质量p0符合要求，但按照统计抽样检验方案该批仍有α可能被拒收。
这个p0就是PRQ。
1．2．2 PRQ的意义一般情况下当产品的质量等于PRQ是。
Alq_3作为激子阻挡层对有机太阳能电池的影响
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Ａ ｑ 作为激 子阻挡层对有机太 阳能 电池 的影响 ｌ３
钟 建， 峰， 卓， 刘 ． 高 黄秋炎， 于军胜 ， 蒋亚东
性 能 同阻挡层Ａｌ ｑ 厚度之 间的关 系。 通过 分析 发现 ， Ｖ 效率 同有 机功 能层 厚度 密切相 关 ， ＯＰ 在标 准 太 阳光 照条件 下 ， 结构 为 Ｉ ＴＯ／ ｕ ｃ ２ ｍ） ｃ。 ４ ｍ） Ａｌ。ｘ ／ （ ０ ｍ） Ｃ Ｐ （ ０ｎ ／ 。（ ０ｎ ／ ｑ （ ） Ａｇ １ ０ｎ 的器 件 效 率随 着 Ａ ｑ 厚度 的增 加 先增 大 后变 小 ， ｌ。 当厚 度 为 ０ｎ 时， 率 为 ０ ２ ５ ； ｍ 效 ． ８ 当厚度 为 ２ ５ｎ 时， 率为 ． ｍ 效
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ｅ ｅ ａａｅｙａ ｏ ｏ ｔｒ ｌ ａ ｄｅ ｅｔｎ ｂｏ ｋｎ ａ ｅ ｏ ｓｕ ｙｔｅｓｒ ｃｕ ｅｏ ＴＯ／ ｕ ｃ ｄｓｐ ｒｔｌ ｓｄ ｎ ｒｍａｅｉ ｓ ｎ ｘ ｉ ｌｃ ｉｇｌｙ ｒｔ ｔｄ ｈ ｔｕ ｔｒ ｆＩ ａ ｏ Ｃ Ｐ （ ０ｎ ／ ６ ４ ｍ） Ａ ｑ（ ） Ａｇ （ ０ ｍ ） ｆ ｈ ｒ ａ ｉ ｓ ｌｒｃｌ Ｏ Ｖ） ｈ ｅａｉｎ ｈｐ ２ ｍ） Ｃ ｏ ０ｎ ／ ｌ３ ／ （ １ ０ｎ ｏ ｅｏｇ ｎｃ ｏａ ｅｌ ｔ ｓ（ Ｐ ．Ｔ ｅｒｌｔ ｓ ｉ ｏ
利用有机覆盖层提高OLED出光效率
利用有机覆盖层提高OLED出光效率李艳菲;张方辉;牟曦媛;杜红兵【摘要】A bottom emitting organic light-emitting devices was fabricated by depositing Alq as capping layer to the glass substrate. The device structure were Glass/Alq(xnm)/AK15 nm)/MoO3(30 nm)/ NPB(60nm)/Alq(65 nm)/LiF(l nm)/Al(150 nm). By studying the radiation characteristics of the devices, it was found that the variation of the EL emission due to the capping layer can be entirely accounted for a change in optical interference effects. The complex interplay between wide-angle and multiple-beam interference can be controlled via the optical thickness of the dielectric capping layer on top of the cathode. Semitransparent Al film was anode. The capping layer deposited to the glass substrate formed microcavity devices with cathode. By changing the thickness of capping layer to adjust the microcavity length, the center wavelength EL spectra of OLED was red-shifted.%将Alq作为覆盖层真空蒸镀到玻璃基板后制作底发射有机电致发光器件(OLED),所制备的器件结构为:Glass/Alq(x nm)/Al(15 nm)/MoO3 (30 nm)/NPB(60 nm)/Alq(65 nm)/LiF(1 nm)/Al(150 nm).通过研究器件光辐射特性曲线,可以看出覆盖层厚度的变化引起光的干涉效应的变化是导致电致发光变化的原因,广角干涉和多光束干涉之间的相互作用可以通过覆盖层的厚度来调节,并且半透明的Al膜做阳极,将覆盖层蒸镀到阳极之外玻璃基板上,半透明的铝膜和覆盖层与阴极组成微腔器件,通过改变覆盖层的厚度调节微腔的腔长,使OLED电致发光光谱的中心波长发生红移.【期刊名称】《液晶与显示》【年(卷),期】2012(027)003【总页数】5页(P308-312)【关键词】OLED;覆盖层;干涉;微腔【作者】李艳菲;张方辉;牟曦媛;杜红兵【作者单位】陕西科技大学电气与信息工程学院,陕西西安710021;西安平板显示中心,陕西西安710021;陕西科技大学电气与信息工程学院,陕西西安710021;63880部队,河南洛阳471003【正文语种】中文【中图分类】O753.2有机电致发光（Organic Light Emission Diode，LED），具有高亮度、材料选择范围宽、驱动电压低、全固化主动发光等特性，同时拥有高清晰、广视角，以及可顺畅显示动画的高速响应等优势，是最近十几年热门研究领域［1－2］。
Wildlife_Protection_教学设计AlqlHl
Wildlife Protection 教学设计---Warming-up & Pre-reading莆田一中李敏Teacher: Putian No.1 Middle School, Li MinTeaching material: “Wildlife Protection”, from Unit4, NSEC Book2Students: Senior1, Fuzhou No.8 Middle SchoolLanguage target: to talk about endangered spieces; to express one’s intentionTeaching appoaches: situational approaches, communicative approaches andtask-based approachesThe major teaching tasks and aims(1) To provide the students with a situation where they can naturally acquire language knowledge, introduce some words concerned with wildlife, especially some endangered animals with the purpose of getting students ready for the deeper understanding of wildlife protection.(2) To help students get the theme of this lesson and use it to guide and regulate their life. Since “wildlife protection”is a hot issue, it is greatly important for the teacher to help students get to know the importance of living in harmony with other wildlife on the earth. By guiding students to find out the reasons for wildlife’s dying out, the teach-er also encourages students to have a further discussion on what positive steps we shall take to help the situation.(3) To develop students’skills in espressing their intention with sentence structures like “I’m going to/ intend/ mean/ plan to…”(4) To broaden students’background knowledge with the adopt of an idiom gameTeaching Procedure1 Leading inI will begin the lesson by showing pictures of the five friendlies(福娃) and then intro-duce the general definition of wildlife. Because the 2008 Olympic Games are approaching, it’s very good timing to talk about it and lead in the topic of wildlife protection.2 words & vocabulary: BrainstormingAsk students to list names of wildlife that they know. I will show pictures of the anima-ls especially the endangered ones. This is to introduce some new words and activate stu-dents’necessary vocabulary and arouse their interest in the lesson..3 Inquiring learningI intend the students to find out the reasons for animals’dying out. To begin with, I will ask them what they think of animals. They are supposed to give some words like loyal, friendly, dangerous…Since animals play an essential part in our life, students’awareness of saving them would be immediately ra-ised. With the help of the chart in textbook and pictures that I show to them, they should be able to find out the reasons. The purpo-se of this step is to encourage students to find answers independently according to given information.4 Communicative learning & ApplicationStudents will have a look at the chart in the textbook together: A Report on Some Wild life in China. Step by step, students are expected to retell the conte-nt of the chart under the teacher’s guidence. This activity aims at a deeper comprehension of what’s going on in China in protecting endangered animals. In the following step, students are instructed to work in group of four and discuss what we can do to save endangered wildlife with the use of some use-ful expressions. The teacher will invite representatives to present their opinions. Five suggested answers are given. This is to help students better practise language and present their language competence.5 Game TimeThis activity is interesting and useful as well. The teacher will encourage students to join in and guess the meaning of the idioms. This can also broaden their knowledge.6 Consolidation & UnderstandingThis is the assignment. It includes two parts: poster-making and prevision. One is to make a poster to educate more people to protect wildlife with the use of what we have learnt. The other is to preview the part of reading,to see how Daisy learned to help wild -life.Wildlife Protection 教学设计---Warming-up & Pre-reading莆田一中李敏教学任务和目标1给学生创造一个可以自然获取知识的情境,介绍与野生动物相关的词汇为接下来更好地理解保护野生动物做准备。
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①我们‖打〈败〉了敌人。
②我们‖〔把敌人〕打〈败〉了。
调薪考核标准
符合条件的职工调薪通过考核进行，考核分为工作业绩、工作态度、技术水平、质量状况、劳动纪律五个方面。
三、调薪考核小组
1、调薪考核组人员构成：
组长：常务组长：副组长：
组员：坚
2、调薪考核组人员工作职责：
组长、常务副组长负责调薪方案的最终批准；
副组长负责员工工资的日常管理工作，并负责员工日常工作业绩的考核
建档工作。
副组长负责生产工人日常工作业绩的收集管理工作。
副组长负责员工工资制度的起草、修订、并负责组织调级考核工作。
组员负责本部门员工日常工作业绩的考核，并收集管理员工日常业绩资料，按月向公司上报。
组员负责员工产品质量，工作质量考核工作。
组员负责生产工人业绩考核资料的收集保管工作。
组员负责员工工资的日常管理工作和资料收集和归档工作。