How to Size Your Solar System

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太阳系报告模板英语

IntroductionThe solar system is a collection of planets, moons, asteroids, comets, and other celestial objects that are held in orbit around the central star, the sun. It is located in the Milky Way galaxy and is believed to have formed around 4.6 billion years ago.The SunThe sun is the center of the solar system and makes up more than 99% of its total mass. It is classified as a G-type main-sequence star and has a diameter of about 1.4 million kilometers. It is composed mostly of hydrogen and helium and produces energy through nuclear fusion reactions.Inner PlanetsThe inner planets of the solar system are Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. They are rocky planets with solid surfaces and are located closer to the sun than the outer planets.MercuryMercury is the smallest planet in the solar system and is named after the Roman messenger of the gods. It has almost no atmosphere and is heavily cratered due to its proximity to the sun. It has a diameter of only 4,880 kilometers, making it smaller than some of the moons in the solar system.VenusVenus is the second planet from the sun and is named after the Roman goddess of love. It is similar in size and composition to Earth but has a thick atmosphere that traps heat and makes it the hottest planet in the solar system. Its surface is covered in volcanoes, mountains, and vast plains.EarthEarth is the third planet from the sun and the only known planet with life. It is named after the English word for soil and is home to an estimated 8.7 million species. Its atmosphere is made up of nitrogen, oxygen, and other gases that support life and protect the planet from harmful radiation.MarsMars is the fourth planet from the sun and is named after the Roman god of war. It is a cold and dry planet with a thin atmosphere that is mostly composed of carbon dioxide. Its surface is covered in canyons, mountains, and deserts and it is home to the largest volcano in the solar system, Olympus Mons.Outer PlanetsThe outer planets of the solar system are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. They are gas giants and are located further from the sun than the inner planets.JupiterJupiter is the largest planet in the solar system and is named after the king of the Roman gods. It is a gas giant with no solid surface and has a diameter of 139,822 kilometers. It is known for its colorful bands of clouds and the Great Red Spot, a massive storm larger than the size of Earth.SaturnSaturn is the second largest planet in the solar system and is named after the Roman god of agriculture and wealth. It is also a gas giant with a diameter of 116,460 kilometers and is known for its beautiful rings. Its atmosphere is similar in composition to Jupiter’s and is home to many moons.UranusUranus is the seventh planet from the sun and is named after the Greek god of the sky. It is an ice giant with a diameter of 50,724 kilometers and is known for its unique tilted axis of rotation. It has a faint system of rings and is home to at least 27 moons.NeptuneNeptune is the eighth planet from the sun and is named after the Roman god of the sea. It is also an ice giant with a diameter of 49,244 kilometers and has the strongest winds in the solar system, reaching speeds of up to 1,600 kilometers per hour. It is home to at least 14 moons and a faint system of rings.ConclusionThe solar system is a fascinating and complex system of planets and other celestial objects that continue to amaze scientists and space enthusiasts alike. Fromthe center, the sun, to the outer planets, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune, the solar system is full of wonder and beauty.。

全英天文课资料 The solar system

What else is found in our Solar system?
These are minor planets found in their thousands between Mars and Jupiter These are probably fragments of asteroids that broke up
The Milky Way galaxy
Our solar system is here
What is a light year?

A light year is not a period of time A light year is a distance A light year is the distance that light travels in one year As light travels at a speed of 300 000 000 m/s (or 300 000 km/s) then if we multiply this by the number of seconds in a year we will see that light will have travelled 9.5 x 1015 m (9 500 000 000 000 000 m ) Our galaxy is 100 000 times this distance across
What is a galaxy

A galaxy is made up of billions of stars Our galaxy is called the Milky Way galaxy, that has a spiral shape Our Sun is just one of the stars that form the Milky way galaxy The Milky Way is 100 000 light years across, and the nearest star to Earth (apart from the Sun) is 4.2 light years away

suntex 英文说明书

suntex 英文说明书Here is a 1,000-word essay on the topic of "Suntex User Manual" written in English:Suntex User ManualSuntex is a revolutionary new technology that harnesses the power of the sun to provide clean, renewable energy for your home or business. With its sleek and efficient design, Suntex offers a simple and hassle-free solution to reduce your carbon footprint and lower your energy costs. In this user manual, we will guide you through the process of installing and operating your Suntex system, so you can start enjoying the benefits of solar power right away.Getting StartedThe first step in using your Suntex system is to ensure that it is properly installed. Suntex comes with a comprehensive installation guide that provides step-by-step instructions for setting up your system. It is important to follow these instructions carefully to ensure optimal performance and safety. If you are not comfortable with the installation process, we recommend hiring a qualified electrician or solar installer to handle the job.Once your Suntex system is installed, you can begin to generate your own renewable energy. The system works by converting sunlight into electrical energy, which can then be used to power your home or business. The amount of energy generated will depend on factors such as the size of your system, the intensity of the sun, and the orientation of your solar panels.Monitoring and MaintenanceTo ensure that your Suntex system is operating at its best, it is important to regularly monitor its performance. The system comes with a built-in monitoring system that allows you to track the amount of energy being generated, as well as any potential issues or malfunctions. You can access this information through the Suntex mobile app or the online dashboard.In addition to monitoring, it is also important to properly maintain your Suntex system. This includes regularly cleaning the solar panels to ensure they are receiving maximum sunlight, checking the electrical connections for any signs of wear or damage, and replacing any worn or damaged components as needed. By properly maintaining your Suntex system, you can ensure that it continues to operate efficiently for years to come.Maximizing Energy SavingsOne of the key benefits of using Suntex is the potential to save money on your energy bills. By generating your own renewable energy, you can reduce your reliance on the traditional power grid and lower your overall energy costs. To maximize these savings, it is important to understand how to optimize your Suntex system for your specific energy needs.For example, you can adjust the orientation of your solar panels to maximize the amount of sunlight they receive throughout the day. You can also take steps to reduce your overall energy consumption, such as using energy-efficient appliances and implementing energy-saving measures in your home or business. By combining the power of Suntex with other energy-saving strategies, you can potentially eliminate your energy bills altogether and enjoy significant long-term savings.Environmental BenefitsIn addition to the financial benefits of using Suntex, the system also offers significant environmental benefits. By generating your own renewable energy, you can reduce your carbon footprint and help to combat climate change. Suntex produces zero emissions, which means that it does not contribute to the release of greenhouse gases or other pollutants into the atmosphere.Furthermore, Suntex is a sustainable and renewable energy source,which means that it can be used indefinitely without depleting natural resources. This is in contrast to traditional fossil fuels, which are finite and contribute to environmental degradation. By choosing Suntex, you can feel good knowing that you are making a positive impact on the planet and leaving a better world for future generations.ConclusionIn conclusion, Suntex is a powerful and innovative technology that can help you to reduce your energy costs, lower your carbon footprint, and contribute to a more sustainable future. Whether you are a homeowner or a business owner, Suntex offers a simple and effective solution to your energy needs. By following the instructions in this user manual and properly maintaining your Suntex system, you can enjoy the many benefits of solar power for years to come.。

英文介绍太阳系八大行星的作文100字

英文介绍太阳系八大行星的作文100字全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1The Amazing Planets of Our Solar System!Hi there! My name is Jamie and I'm going to tell you all about the awesome planets that make up our solar system. There are eight big ones that orbit around the Sun, and they are so cool. Get ready to blast off on an adventure through space!First up is Mercury, the closest planet to the Sun. It's actually the smallest planet, just a little bigger than Earth's moon. From space, Mercury looks kind of dull and gray, but it has lots of craters from being hit by meteors over billions of years. One weird thing is that Mercury doesn't have any moons at all! During the day, Mercury can get super hot because it's so close to the Sun. But at night, it gets freezing cold. I don't think I'd want to live there!Next is Venus, the second planet from the Sun. Venus is sometimes called "Earth's twin" because it's about the same size as our planet. But Venus is definitely the odd twin! It has a poisonous atmosphere made mostly of thick clouds of carbondioxide. The air on Venus is hot enough to melt lead! Yikes! From space, Venus looks kind of yellow and hazy because of those clouds. Weird fact: Venus spins backwards compared to most other planets. Maybe it got really dizzy or something?Okay, now for the planet we all know and love - Earth! This is our home, the biggest of the four rocky inner planets. Earth is the perfect temperature for life because it's not too hot or too cold. We have oceans, mountains, forests, and of course over 7 billion people! Our sky is blue and our forests are green. Just by looking at it from space, it's easy to see why Earth is the coolest planet. Don't mess with my home!Moving outward, we come to Mars, the red planet. Mars gets its signature red color from all the rusty iron in its soil. If you were standing on Mars, the sky would look kind of orangey instead of blue like on Earth. Mars has some of the biggest volcanoes in the whole solar system, including Olympus Mons which is three times taller than Mount Everest! Mars also has two tiny moons called Phobos and Deimos. One day, humans might even live on Mars! How awesome would that be?Now we leave the rocky inner planets behind and head into the outer planets which are made mostly of gas. First up is Jupiter, the biggest planet of them all! Jupiter is so huge thatover 1,300 Earths could fit inside it. From space, Jupiter looks like a big striped ball because of its swirling clouds and storms. The most famous is the Great Red Spot, which is actually a raging hurricane bigger than planet Earth that's been going for over 300 years! Jupiter has a bunch of moons too - 79 at last count! Some of them are pretty big. If Jupiter was a little bit bigger, it could have actually become a star instead of a planet.Sixth in line from the Sun is Saturn, the planet with rings! Saturn's rings are made of billions of chunks of ice and rock, and they're awesome to look at through a telescope. The rings kind of look like a giant record circling the planet. Saturn is another gas giant like Jupiter, though not quite as big. It has over 60 moons, with Titan being the largest. Titan is so big that it's bigger than the planets Mercury and Pluto! On Titan, the mountains and rocks are made of frozen ice rather than regular rock. Wouldn't it be fun to have a snowball fight on Titan?The seventh planet is Uranus, which got its funny name from the ancient Greek god of the heavens. Uranus is also a gas giant, though it's smaller than Jupiter and Saturn. From Earth, Uranus looks like a tiny green-blue dot because of the methane gas in its atmosphere. Uranus is often called the "sideways planet" because for some reason it spins on its side! Its moons also orbitsideways compared to most other planets. Maybe it got knocked over by a meteor billions of years ago? Who knows! Uranus has 27 known moons, some of which also have weird sideways orbits.Last but not least is Neptune, the farthest true planet from the Sun. Neptune is another gas giant, though smaller than Jupiter, Saturn and Uranus. It has a bright blue color thanks to the methane and other gases in its atmosphere. Neptune has at least 14 moons, with the biggest one being Triton. Triton is so big and has such a weird orbit that it may have actually been a planet that got captured by Neptune's gravity billions of years ago! How crazy is that? Neptune takes over 164 years to orbit the Sun just once. So if you were born on Neptune, you wouldn't even be 1 year old yet!There you have it - all eight of the major planets that make up our solar system, from little Mercury all the way out to giant Neptune. They're all so different and amazing in their own ways. I hope you learned some fun new facts about the planets! Maybe one day you'll even get to travel to some of them. Exploring space is going to be so awesome. Thanks for reading,astro-cadets!篇2The Amazing Planets of Our Solar SystemHave you ever looked up at the night sky and wondered about all those twinkling stars and bright objects? Well, some of those aren't stars at all – they're planets! Our solar system has eight major planets that orbit around the Sun. Let me tell you about each one.MercuryThe closest planet to the Sun is Mercury. It's really tiny, only a bit bigger than our Moon. Mercury is a rocky planet covered in craters from all the meteor impacts it has taken over billions of years. Because it's so close to the Sun, Mercury can get very hot during the day, but freezing cold at night. It has a very thin atmosphere, so if you visited, you'd need a portable air supply!VenusThe next planet from the Sun is Venus, which is sometimes called "Earth's twin" because it's about the same size as our planet. However, Venus is a much hotter and less friendly place. Its thick atmosphere is mostly carbon dioxide, trapping heat from the Sun. The surface temperature can get as high as 450°C - hot enough to melt lead! Volcanoes cover Venus, and its yellowclouds are made of sulfuric acid droplets. Not somewhere you'd want to visit without a very good spacesuit.EarthThen we come to our beloved home planet, Earth. It has liquid water on the surface, a breathable atmosphere, and conditions perfect for life as we know it. Around 71% of the Earth's surface is covered in oceans, and the remaining 29% is land with mountains, valleys, deserts, and the seven continents where people and animals live. Earth is the largest of the rocky inner planets and the only place in the solar system known to harbor life. Isn't our planet amazing?MarsLeaving the inner rocky planets, we come to Mars, the first of the outer gas giants. Mars is famous for its rusty red color, which comes from iron minerals in its soil. It has the largest mountain in the solar system, Olympus Mons, which is three times taller than Mount Everest! Mars also has two tiny moons called Phobos and Deimos. With its thin atmosphere, Mars gets very cold, down to around -120°C at night. But during summer days at the equator, it can be a pleasant 20°C. Many rovers have explored Mars, searching for evidence that the Red Planet may once have had conditions suitable for ancient microbial life.JupiterNext up is the true giant of our solar system - Jupiter. This massive gas planet is the largest object orbiting the Sun. It's so big that over 1,300 Earths could fit inside it! Jupiter is made mostly of hydrogen and helium gas, with no solid surface to stand on. Its rapid rotation gives it an oblong shape, and those iconic stripes are cold, turbulent clouds of ammonia and other gases. The Great Red Spot is an enormous hurricane-like storm that has been raging for over 300 years! Jupiter has a faint ring system and over 80 moons, including the four biggest ones discovered by Galileo in 1610.SaturnWhile not quite as big as Jupiter, Saturn is still an amazing gas giant. Saturn is most famous for its bright, beautiful rings that encircle the planet. These rings are made of millions upon millions of chunks of ice and rock, some as small as grains of sand and some as big as semi-trailers. Saturn also has over 80 confirmed moons, with Titan being the largest one. Titan is even bigger than the planet Mercury and has an atmosphere denser than Earth's. Strange liquid methane seas and rivers cover parts of Titan's frigid surface.UranusSeventh from the Sun is the ice giant planet Uranus. This distant world has the coldest atmosphere of any planet, as low as -224°C! Uranus is a bluish-green color due to methane gas in its atmosphere. What's really weird about Uranus is that it rotates on its side relative to its orbit, rolling around the Sun like a bowling ball! This tilt of 98 degrees gives Uranus extreme seasons that last over 20 years. Uranus has a faint ring system and 27 known moons, including Miranda with its bizarre, jumbled surface.NeptuneThe final planet in our solar system is the gorgeous blue Neptune. Like Uranus, Neptune is an ice giant made mostly of frozen compounds like water, methane, and ammonia. Its stunning blue color is caused by atmospheric methane, absorbing and scattering certain wavelengths of sunlight. Neptune has extremely fast winds of over 2,000 km/h, as well as the Cirrus hurricane - the largest known storm in the solar system! It also has a set of faint rings and 14 known moons, including the huge, misshapen moon Triton that orbits backwards.So there you have it - the eight major planets that make up the main members of our solar system family. From the smallrocky worlds huddled close to the Sun, to the immense gas giants out in the deep freeze - each planet is unique and fascinating in its own way. The next time you gaze up at the night sky, perhaps you'll spot some of these planetary wonders and think about the amazing diversity in our cosmic backyard. Space is an incredible place!篇3Our Solar System is so cool! It has eight major planets that all orbit around the Sun. Let me tell you about each one.Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun. It's really small, only a little bigger than our Moon. Mercury is covered in craters from being hit by meteors over billions of years. It has no atmosphere, so there's no air to breathe. During the day it's super hot, but at night it gets freezing cold!The next planet is Venus, which is often called Earth's twin because they are similar sizes. But Venus is much hotter, even hotter than Mercury! The thick clouds on Venus trap heat, causing a major greenhouse effect. The air is mostly carbon dioxide, which is not good for humans to breathe. The surface is covered in craters and lava plains.Then we have Earth, our home planet! Earth is the only planet we know that has life. It has liquid water oceans, an oxygen-rich atmosphere perfect for breathing, and conditions ideal for plants and animals to thrive. The blue oceans and green lands make Earth look beautiful from space. We are so lucky to live here!Mars is known as the Red Planet because of its rusty red color caused by iron in its soil. Mars has frozen polar ice caps and a very thin atmosphere. Ancient dried-up river valleys and lakes show Mars may have had water on its surface long ago! Robots have been exploring Mars to study its environment and look for signs of microbial life.The next planet is Jupiter, the largest planet in our Solar System. Jupiter doesn't have a solid surface, but is instead a giant ball of gas, mostly hydrogen and helium. The clouds swirling on Jupiter are constantly being blown into different patterns by huge storm systems, including the famous Great Red Spot hurricane that has been raging for over 300 years! Jupiter also has a bunch of moons, with some being potentially habitable for life.After Jupiter comes Saturn, easily recognized by its beautiful rings. These rings are made of billions of chunks of ice and rockorbiting around the planet. Like Jupiter, Saturn is a gas giant with swirling cloud patterns. Saturn has over 80 moons, with the largest one being Titan which even has lakes of liquid methane on its surface!Uranus is a odd duck - it spins on its side compared to the other planets which spin upright! This is maybe because Uranus was knocked onto its side by a massive collision long ago. Uranus is an ice giant, with most of its mass being slushy ices like water, ammonia, and methane ices. It has a blue-green color from methane gas in its atmosphere.The farthest planet from the Sun is Neptune. Like Uranus, Neptune is another ice giant with cold atmospheres of hydrogen, helium, and methane gas giving it a blue color. Super powerful winds blow at over 1,000 mph creating huge storm systems! Both Uranus and Neptune are so far from the Sun that they get very little warmth or sunlight.That covers all eight of the major planets orbiting our Sun in the Solar System we call home. From the rocky planets like Earth to the gas giants and ice giants, our planetary neighbors come in many different weird and wonderful forms. Who knows what other strange worlds might exist around other stars? Space is an amazing place full of surprises!篇4Title: The Eight Planets in Our Solar SystemHi there! Do you know that we live in a big family called the Solar System? The Solar System has eight planets that go round and round the Sun. Let me introduce them to you!Mercury: Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun. It is very hot there because it is so close to the Sun. It is also the smallest planet in our Solar System.Venus: Venus is sometimes called Earth's sister planet because it is similar in size. It is the hottest planet in our Solar System due to its thick atmosphere.Earth: We live on Earth! It is the only planet that has lots of water, trees, and animals. It's just perfect for us!Mars: Mars is often called the Red Planet because it looks reddish in the sky. Scientists think it might have had water and could have had life long ago.Jupiter: Jupiter is the largest planet in our Solar System. It is like a giant gas ball with colorful stripes. It also has a big storm called the Great Red Spot.Saturn: Saturn is famous for its beautiful rings made of ice and dust. It is the second-largest planet and it has lots of moons too!Uranus: Uranus is a very cold and windy planet. It is tilted on its side, so it looks like it's rolling in the sky. It has a blue-green color.Neptune: Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun. It is a very cold and windy place too. It is also blue in color, just like Uranus.These are the eight planets in our Solar System. Each one is special and unique in its own way. Isn't it amazing? Keep exploring and learning about our big, beautiful Solar System!I hope you find this introduction helpful! If you have any more questions, feel free to ask.篇5The Awesome Planets of Our Solar SystemHello, friends! Today, we're going to explore the amazing planets that make up our Solar System. Get ready for an exciting adventure through space!First up, we have Mercury, the closest planet to the Sun. It's a tiny rocky world, just a little bigger than our Moon. Despite being so close to the Sun, Mercury isn't the hottest planet. That's because it doesn't have any atmosphere to trap heat. Still, you wouldn't want to visit Mercury during the day – it can get hotter than a pizza oven!Next, we have Venus, the second planet from the Sun. It's often called Earth's "twin" because they are similar in size. However, Venus is completely different from our beautiful blue planet. It has a thick atmosphere of carbon dioxide that traps heat, making it the hottest planet in the Solar System. Imagine standing on the surface of Venus – it's hot enough to melt lead!Now, let's talk about our home, the third rock from the Sun –Earth! It's the only planet we know of that supports life. Earth has liquid water on its surface, a perfect atmosphere, and just the right temperature for plants, animals, and humans to thrive. We're so lucky to call this amazing planet our home.After Earth, we have Mars, the red planet. It's a bit smaller than Earth and has a thin atmosphere made mostly of carbon dioxide. Mars is famous for its reddish color, which comes from the iron oxide (rust) in its soil. Scientists believe that billions ofyears ago, Mars had liquid water on its surface, and it may have supported simple life forms.Next up is Jupiter, the biggest planet in our Solar System. It's a gas giant, meaning it doesn't have a solid surface like rocky planets. Instead, Jupiter is made mostly of hydrogen and helium gases. It's known for its iconic Great Red Spot, a giant storm bigger than Earth that has been raging for centuries!Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and another gas giant. It's famous for its beautiful rings, which are made up of billions of icy rocks and boulders orbiting the planet. Saturn also has over 80 moons, including Titan, which is larger than the planet Mercury!Uranus is the seventh planet and the third-largest in our Solar System. It's a gas giant with a unique blue-green color due to the methane in its atmosphere. Uranus is also known for spinning on its side, which makes it look like it's rolling through space!Finally, we have Neptune, the eighth and farthest planet from the Sun. It's a beautiful blue gas giant with winds that can reach over 1,600 kilometers per hour (1,000 miles per hour)! Neptune also has several moons, including Triton, which is as cold as -235°C (-391°F).Isn't our Solar System amazing? From the scorching heat of Mercury to the icy world of Neptune, each planet has its own unique features and mysteries waiting to be explored. Who knows what other incredible discoveries await us in the vast expanse of space?篇6The Amazing Planets of Our Solar System!Hi there! My name is Alex, and I'm a kid who loves learning about space and all the cool planets out there. Today, I'm going to tell you about the eight major planets that make up our solar system. Get ready for some out-of-this-world facts!First up, we have Mercury, the closest planet to the Sun. It's a tiny rocky planet, kind of like our Moon, but much hotter since it's so close to the Sun. Did you know that Mercury doesn't have any atmosphere? That means there's no air to breathe, and it's really hot during the day and really cold at night. Crazy, right?Next is Venus, the second planet from the Sun. Venus is often called Earth's "twin" because they're kind of similar in size. But Venus is completely different from Earth in other ways. It's super hot, even hotter than Mercury, because it has a thickatmosphere that traps heat. And get this – it rains sulfuric acid on Venus! Yuck!Then we have our beloved planet Earth, the third rock from the Sun and the only planet we know of that can support life. Earth is perfect for us because it's not too hot and not too cold, and it has air for us to breathe and water for us to drink. We're so lucky to live on this amazing planet!After Earth comes Mars, the red planet. Mars is smaller than Earth and has a thin atmosphere made mostly of carbon dioxide. It's pretty cold on Mars, but it's still one of the most Earth-like planets in our solar system. Who knows, maybe humans will visit or even live on Mars someday!Now we're getting to the really big planets, the gas giants. First up is Jupiter, the largest planet in our solar system. Jupiter is a massive ball of gas with swirling clouds and a famous giant storm called the Great Red Spot. It has a ton of moons, too – 79 at last count!Next is Saturn, famous for its beautiful rings. These rings are made up of millions of chunks of ice and rock orbiting the planet. Saturn is also a gas giant, but it's not quite as big as Jupiter. Still, it's a pretty impressive planet!Then we have Uranus, which was the first planet discovered in modern times. Uranus is a bluish-green color, and it's tilted on its side for some reason. Scientists think it might have been knocked over by a massive collision a long time ago. Weird, huh?Finally, we have Neptune, the farthest planet from the Sun. Neptune is a beautiful blue color, and it has some intense winds and storms swirling around it. It also has a bunch of moons, though not as many as Jupiter and Saturn.Phew, that was a lot of planet facts! I hope you learned something new about the amazing worlds that make up our solar system. Who knows what other cool things we'll discover about these planets in the future? Space is just endlessly fascinating!。

用英语介绍太阳系

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Neptune is the eighth and farthest planet from the Sun in our Solar System. Named for the Roman god of the sea, it is the fourthlargest planet by diameter(直径） and the third-largest by mass.
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The rings of Saturn are the most extensive (大规模） planetary ring（行星环） system of any planet in the Solar System . They consist of countless （无数） small particles, ranging in size from micrometre to metres that form clumps(块） that in turn orbit about Saturn.
缺一张金星夜空图
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Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun in the Solar System. It is often described as the “Red Planet”, as the iron oxide（氧化铁） prevalent （普遍）on its surface gives it a reddish （淡红色） appearance.
** The Sun is the star at
the center of the Solar System. It has a diameter(直径） of about 1,392,000 km, . about 109 times that of Earth, and its mass accounts for about 99.86% of the total mass of the Solar System.

用英语介绍太阳系

缺一张金星夜空图•Fra bibliotekMars is the fourth planet from the Sun in the Solar System. It is often described as the “Red Planet”, as the iron oxide（氧化铁） prevalent （普遍）on its surface gives it a reddish （淡红色） appearance.
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Great Red Spot（大红斑） is a giant storm that is known to have existed since at least the 17th century when it was first seen by telescope.
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Saturn is the sixth planet from the Sun and the second largest planet in the Solar System, after Jupiter. Saturn is classified as a gas giant which is sometimes referred to as the Jovian, meaning “Jupiterlike”planets. （类木行星）
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Neptune is the eighth and farthest planet from the Sun in our Solar System. Named for the Roman god of the sea, it is the fourthlargest planet by diameter(直径） and the third-largest by mass.

太阳系英语歌 -回复

太阳系英语歌-回复the following question: How big is the solar system?Are you ready to embark on a journey through the vastness of space? We will travel through the Milky Way galaxy and explore the wonders of our home, the solar system.The solar system is a fascinating place, consisting of the Sun, eight planets, and numerous other celestial objects. It spans an enormous distance of about 9.46 billion kilometers, or 5.88 billion miles. To put it into perspective, if we were to shrink the solar system down to the size of a soccer field, the Sun would be the size of a beach ball placed at the center.Let's start our exploration with the Sun, the heart of our solar system. It is a massive ball of hot gas, primarily composed of hydrogen and helium. Its diameter is about 1.4 million kilometers, which is 109 times that of Earth. The Sun's gravitational pull keeps all the planets in their respective orbits, and its immense heat and energy provide life-sustaining light and warmth to our planet.Moving outward from the Sun, we encounter the inner planets, alsoknown as the terrestrial planets. These four rocky worlds, including Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars, orbit relatively close to the Sun. Mercury, the nearest planet to the Sun, is about 57.91 million kilometers away on average. It is also the smallest planet in the solar system, with a diameter of only 4,879 kilometers.Next, we have Venus, often referred to as Earth's sister planet due to its similar size and composition. It is located approximately 108.2 million kilometers away from the Sun. Venus has a dense atmosphere, making it the hottest planet in the solar system with temperatures reaching up to a scorching 465 degrees Celsius (869 degrees Fahrenheit).Earth, our beloved home, is about 149.6 million kilometers away from the Sun. It is the only known planet to support life, featuring a diverse range of ecosystems and a vast array of plants and animals. Our planet's atmosphere is crucial for sustaining life, providing a protective shield and regulating temperature.Mars, often called the Red Planet, lies at an average distance of 227.9 million kilometers from the Sun. It is known for its reddish hue, caused by iron oxide or rust covering its surface. While Mars iscurrently uninhabitable for humans, scientists believe it may have once had conditions suitable for life.Beyond the inner planets, we encounter the outer planets, also called the gas giants. These giants are made up primarily of hydrogen and helium, with gaseous atmospheres and no solid surfaces. The outer planets include Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.Jupiter, the largest planet in the solar system, is located approximately 778.3 million kilometers away from the Sun. It is known for its distinctive Great Red Spot, a massive storm swirling in its atmosphere. Jupiter's powerful gravity influences the orbits of many smaller celestial bodies, acting as a cosmic vacuum cleaner.Saturn, famous for its beautiful rings, is approximately 1.4 billion kilometers away from the Sun. Its iconic rings are composed of ice particles and debris, giving Saturn a unique and captivating appearance. The planet's atmosphere features colorful bands and swirling storms, similar to Jupiter.Uranus, the seventh planet from the Sun, lies around 2.8 billionkilometers away. It is tilted on its axis, causing it to appear to roll on its side. Uranus has a pale blue color due to the presence of methane in its atmosphere. Its rings and moons add to the allure of this distant ice giant.The farthest planet from the Sun is Neptune, residing about 4.5 billion kilometers away. It is similar in appearance to Uranus, featuring a blue color and gaseous atmosphere. Neptune's winds are the strongest in the solar system, reaching speeds of up to2,400 kilometers per hour (1,491 miles per hour).As we venture further into the solar system, we encounter the Kuiper Belt, a region beyond Neptune populated with small icy bodies, including Pluto. Pluto, formerly considered the ninth planet, was reclassified as a dwarf planet in 2006 due to new criteria established by the International Astronomical Union.Now that we have explored the vast expanse of the solar system, it is awe-inspiring to comprehend the enormity and diversity within our cosmic neighborhood. From the scorching heat of the Sun to the icy depths of the Kuiper Belt, the solar system is a testament to the wonders of the universe and the complexity of celestial bodies.So let us continue to gaze up at the night sky, marvel at the beauty of the planets, and seek to unlock the secrets of the solar system, one discovery at a time.。

比较太阳系的行星体积大小的英语小作文

比较太阳系的行星体积大小的英语小作文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1The planets in our solar system vary in size, with some being small and others being quite large. Let's take a closer look at the volumes of the planets in our solar system and compare their sizes.Mercury, the smallest planet in our solar system, has a volume of approximately 6.083 x 10^10 cubic kilometers. It is followed by Mars, with a volume of about 1.6318 x 10^11 cubic kilometers. Venus, which is similar in size to Earth, has a volume of around 9.28 x 10^11 cubic kilometers. Earth, the third planet from the sun, has a volume of about 1.083 x 10^12 cubic kilometers.Moving on to the gas giants, Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system, with a volume of approximately 1.43 x 10^15 cubic kilometers. Saturn, the second largest planet, has a volume of about 8.27 x 10^14 cubic kilometers. Uranus, the third largest planet, has a volume of approximately 6.833 x 10^13 cubickilometers. Neptune, the fourth and final gas giant, has a volume of around 6.254 x 10^13 cubic kilometers.In conclusion, the planets in our solar system vary greatly in size, with Jupiter being the largest and Mercury being the smallest. Each planet has its own unique characteristics and plays a vital role in our solar system. It is truly fascinating to think about the vast differences in size among the planets and how they all work together in harmony.篇2The solar system consists of eight planets, each with its own unique size and characteristics. In this article, we will compare the volumes of the planets in the solar system, from the smallest to the largest.First, let's start with the smallest planet in the solar system, Mercury. Mercury is the smallest planet in the solar system with a volume of approximately 6.083 x 10^10 cubic kilometers. Despite its small size, Mercury is still larger than some moons in the solar system.The next planet in our comparison is Mars, with a volume of around 1.6318 x 10^11 cubic kilometers. Mars is often referredto as the "Red Planet" due to its reddish surface. It is also known for its giant volcanoes and deep canyons.Moving on to Earth, the third planet from the sun, with a volume of approximately 1.08321 x 10^12 cubic kilometers. Earth is the only planet known to support life and is home to a diverse range of ecosystems and environments.Next up is Venus, with a volume of around 9.2843 x 10^11 cubic kilometers. Venus is often called Earth's "sister planet" due to its similar size and composition. However, Venus has a much harsher environment, with extremely high temperatures and toxic gases.Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system, with a volume of approximately 1.43128 x 10^15 cubic kilometers. Jupiter is known for its massive size and powerful storms, including the famous Great Red Spot. It is also home to dozens of moons, including the largest moon in the solar system, Ganymede.Saturn is the sixth planet from the sun, with a volume of around 8.2713 x 10^14 cubic kilometers. Saturn is known for its beautiful ring system, made up of thousands of individual rings. It is also home to over 80 moons, including Titan, thesecond-largest moon in the solar system.Uranus is the seventh planet from the sun, with a volume of approximately 6.833 x 10^13 cubic kilometers. Uranus is unique in the solar system as it rotates on its side, causing extreme seasons and unusual magnetic field. It is also known for its blue-green color, due to the presence of methane in its atmosphere.Lastly, we have Neptune, the eighth and furthest planet from the sun, with a volume of around 6.254 x 10^13 cubic kilometers. Neptune is known for its deep blue color and powerful winds, which can reach speeds of over 1,200 miles per hour. It is also home to the famous Great Dark Spot, a massive storm system similar to Jupiter's Great Red Spot.In conclusion, the planets in the solar system vary greatly in size, with Jupiter being the largest and Mercury being the smallest. Each planet has its own unique characteristics and features, making them fascinating objects to study and explore.篇3The solar system consists of eight planets, each varying in size and volume. In this essay, we will compare the volumes of the planets in the solar system, starting from the largest to the smallest.Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system, with a volume of approximately 1.43 x 10^15 cubic kilometers. It is a gas giant, mainly composed of hydrogen and helium. Jupiter is so massive that it could fit all the other planets in the solar system inside itself.Saturn is the second largest planet, with a volume of around 8.27 x 10^14 cubic kilometers. It is known for its beautiful rings made up of ice particles and dust. Saturn is also a gas giant, with a similar composition to Jupiter.Uranus is the third largest planet, with a volume of about 6.83 x 10^13 cubic kilometers. Uranus is an ice giant, with a composition of water, ammonia, and methane. It is unique among the planets in the solar system due to its extreme axial tilt.Neptune comes next, with a volume of approximately 6.25 x 10^13 cubic kilometers. Like Uranus, Neptune is also an ice giant, with a similar composition. It is known for its deep blue color and strong winds.Earth is the fifth largest planet, with a volume of around 1.08 x 10^12 cubic kilometers. It is the only planet in the solar system known to support life, thanks to its atmosphere and liquid water.Venus is next, with a volume of about 9.28 x 10^11 cubic kilometers. Despite being similar in size to Earth, Venus is inhospitable due to its extremely high surface temperatures and toxic atmosphere.Mars is the seventh largest planet, with a volume of approximately 1.63 x 10^11 cubic kilometers. It is known as the "Red Planet" due to its iron-rich soil, which gives it a reddish hue.Finally, Mercury is the smallest planet in the solar system, with a volume of around 6.08 x 10^10 cubic kilometers. Mercury is also the closest planet to the Sun and experiences extreme temperature variations.In conclusion, the planets in the solar system vary greatly in size and volume, with Jupiter being the largest and Mercury being the smallest. Each planet has its own unique characteristics and composition, making the solar system a fascinating place to explore and study.。

太阳能发电系统英文说明书

Instructions forSolar Power Supply System for HomeI.Features1. Solar powered. No need of oil, gas, or coal, but transferring sunlight to power. No cost of money but improving lif e in areawithout electricity network.2. Made of polycrystal (monocrystal) high-efficient solar solar panel, toughened glass with aluminum f rame. Durabl e, easy f ortransportation, and with good appearance3. Equipped with meter, which tells the status of the system any time.4. Easily operable input and output system, requiring no adjustment f or installation.5. Equipped with maintenance-free storage battery, with production f rom over-charge, over-discharge, over-load, and short circuit.6. 6 output ports at 12V, 1 USB ports at 5.5V/500nA,and 2 output ports at 220V/110V, also with additional external batteryterminal, this machine can offer the power usage to the Home Appliance at DC 12V/220V.7. Quite, small and light, no f ear of vibration and dust, environmental f riendl y. This system is your f irst choice of green powersupply where there is no electricity network.1、Solar Panel: 100W (Monocrystalline silicon / polycrystalline silicon)2、Battery: 12V/65AH3、Integrated controller: 12V/20A. with battery control f unction4、Working time: Count by actual consumption5、Output: 6pcs 12V/10A Ports, 1pcs U SB 5.5V/500MA, 2pcs 220/110V Ports6，AC Output Power: 600W pure sine wave7、Lif t: more than 400 circles f or battery's f ull charging8、Working Temperature: -30′C-50′C9、Size: 44.3CM*31CM*23CMIII.Product schematic1: USB 5.5V Output 7: AC Output2: DC Output switch 8：AC output switch3: Charging indication 9: DC Input4: Battery voltage Display 10: Fuse5: Solar Pannel Input 11: electricity input6: DC outputer Guide1、How to charge> Place the solar panel against the direct sunlight, Plug the solar panel to the System, the Charging Indicator LEDwill light on. when the sunlight is enough, the Charging Indicator LED will light on, red LED show the charging current to be a top level, when the Charging Indicator LED becom e f lash, it means the battery is f ull. When the weather come to be cloudy and rainy, the system can be charing by nomal Household electricity, Pulg system with the Household electricity curcuit, the charging indicator led will be light on and been charging. (Attention: In any case,the main charging devices are connected well, it can be charging at any time, it do not related to any swith's on or off. The system have a built-in Charging protection, if the Conditions permit, the system shall be permanently connected to the solar panel )2、Output use: the system can off er both DC output and AC output, they are working seperately and will not interf ere with each other（A），DC Output: Turn on the "DC POWER" switch, the indicator LED will light on. There are 6pcs DC Ouput ports, the suggested current is below 2A. the system has output overload and short circuit protection, the indicator LED will turn off when overload or short circuit, and system will auto-close the DC output, Ease the overload will re-start the system. when the battery is low, the outputs will stop togehter, please charging the battery to be full to continue f or usage. Charing in time will also do good for battery's lif e.（B), AC Output: Turn on the “AC POWER”swich, 3 seconds the AC indicator LED will light on, and it is ready f or AC output usage. the AC load's power should be below 70% of the built-in inverter' Power, when the battery is running out, the inverter will stop.It need a f ull charging to continur f or work.（Attention: Turn of f the AC Power switch if not need, To prevent the loss of power）（C), USB Output: the USB's output is 5.5V/500mA, can provide power f or Mobile and other ，Digital products, please prepare USB connect line f or the products by yourself,3、When the battery is running out, please charge in time, to keep the battery has enough power,4、Turn of f the Power switch if Unused f or long periods. To charge 1 time at least every 3 months, to ensure the life of the battery,5、External battery use: whil change a new battery, if the battery size can not f ix f or the box size, then a external Battery is needed,connect the battery to the Terminals at the back of system with the wires, please pay attention to the Polarity,V.Troubleshooting1、Questions:The Charing indicator LED off while the solar panel connecting Please chek the Input line f or the solar panel is open ornot. (Attention: The Charging indicator LED will be red when the sunlight is enough, please check i f there are anything cover the solar panel from sunlight or not, and please clean the solar panel's interf ace usually, to ensure it can work normal)2、Questions: The output indicator off,Please check the battery power is enough or not, if nor, please charge the battery asap. Overloador short circuit will cause this problems as well, remove or ease the loads will close this problem, the system will com e back f or work again,3、When the battery is low, it need 10 hours to charge the battery to be f ull. when the battery is shortly charging f ull or shortly runningout, the battery may be running out of life or be damaged, please change a new battery.VI.Maintenance1、Keep upper side of the solar penal clean to ensure f ull exposure to sunlight.2、Protect main device from rain and keep it indoor if possible.。

中考英语第一次模拟考试(深圳卷)-2023年中考英语逆袭冲刺名校模拟真题特快专递(深圳专用)

绝密★启用前|考试研究中心命制20222023学年中考第一次模拟考试（深圳卷）英语本试卷共75分，考试时间90分钟。

注意事项：1. 答卷前，考生务必在答题卡上用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔填写自己的考生号、姓名、试室号、座位号，再用2B铅笔把对应这两个号码的标号涂黑。

2. 选择题每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需要改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。

不能答在试卷上。

3. 非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域的相应位置上；如需要改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案，改动的答案也不能超出指定的区域；不准使用铅笔、圆珠笔和涂改液。

不按以上要求作答的答案无效。

4. 考生必须保持答题卡的整洁，考试结束，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分选择题（50分）一、完型填空（10分）阅读下面短文,从短文后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将相应字母编号涂黑。

（共10小题,每小题1分）After a long day, Zhang Tian finally got back to his small room, feeling tired. He had to prepare his lessons for the following day. This is a(n) ____1____ day for Zhang Tian. He had been teaching in Guizhou Province for quite a few ____2____. Zhang Tian graduated from university last year. His parents hoped he would go to a big city to find a teaching job. ____3____, Zhang Tian wanted to start a new lifestyle, so he became a volunteer teacher in a village school.But not ____4____ lived up to Zhang Tian’s hopes. The school was much smaller that he had imagined.Living in the village was also a ____5____. He could only shower every four days, and he had to learn how to cook. The thought of leaving once flashed through his mind, but he quickly gave up on the idea. The school had three teachers and Zhang Tian was the only English teacher. The two local teachers were responsible for maths and Chinese. To make the school life more ____6____ for his students, Zhang Tian added more subjects—music, art and PE. PE is certainly the kids’ favourite subject! The playground is now full of laughter and music.Zhang Tian’s first year is almost over. He has enjoyed ____7____ for the children. What made him feel good was that his students were able to read, speak and write in English, and they became more ____8____ in learning.Zhang Tian also brought ____9____ to the village. He contacted charity organizations about rebuilding the playground and setting up a library, and helped the villagers sell local products online. His efforts made him very popular among the villagers. The villages is like his second home now. He feels so happy that he followed his heart when he chose what to do with his life, although it may not be what others _____10_____. 1．A．ordinary B．exciting C．lucky D．unforgettable2．A．days B．weeks C．months D．years3．A．First B．Next C．Besides D．However4．A．something B．everything C．anything D．nothing5．A．duty B．challenge C．chance D．solution6．A．convenient B．traditional C．enjoyable D．changeable7．A．playing B．working C．studying D．talking8．A．relaxed B．excited C．nervous D．confident9．A．cases B．examples C．changes D．suggestions10．A．decided B．believed C．promised D．expected二、阅读理解（40分）第一节阅读下列短文,从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选山最佳选项,并在答题卡上将相应字母编号涂黑。

The solar system

A solar system is a group of objects that travels throughspace. It is made up of a star and the planets and otherobjects that orbit, or travel around, the star. When we talkabout a solar system, we are usually talking about our ownsolar system. Our solar system is made up of the sun, theplanets -- including Earth -- and their moons, and manysmaller objects that also travel around the sun.Image to left: The sun and its solar system are in the Milky Way galaxy, a large, spiral-shaped group of stars. Credit: World Book illustration by Anne NorciaThese smaller objects include asteroids meteoroids, and comets. In the 1990s, astronomers, or scientists who study outer space, discovered several other solar systems.The SunThe sun is the largest object in our solar system. It provides most of the light, heat, and other energy that makes life on Earth possible. The sun'e outer layers are hot and stormy. Materials there erupt, or shoot out, from the sun's surface. These eruptions are made up of hot gases and electrically charged particles, or tiny bits of material. The flow of gases and particles is called the solar wind. The solar wind surrounds everything in the solar system.The PlanetsThe planets orbit the sun in oval-shaped paths. The four inner planets -- Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars -- are made up mostly of iron and rocks. They are somewhat similar in size and in makeup. The outer planets are Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. All the outer planets are giant worlds surrounded by layers of gases. Their insides are liquid, and they may have a chunk of rock at the center.Image to right: Triton, one of Neptune's moons, is thecoldest object in the solar system. Credit: NASAMoons orbit every planet except Mercury and Venus. Theinner planets have few moons. Earth has one moon, andMars has two tiny moons. The giant outer planets, however,have many moons. Jupiter has 16 moons, including thelargest moon in the solar system, Ganymede. This moon is even bigger than Mercury. Saturn has 18 moons. Its largest moon, Titan, is also bigger than Mercury. Titan has an atmosphere -- a layer of gases -- that is thicker than Earth's atmosphere. Uranus has 17 moons, and Neptune has 8. The giant planets probably have more moons, yet to be discovered.*Rings of dust, rock, and ice chunks orbit all the giant planets. Saturn's rings are the most familiar,but thin rings also surround Jupiter, Uranus, and Neptune.CometsComets are objects made up mainly of ice and rock. When a comet gets close to the sun, some of the ice turns into gas. The gas and bits of dust shoot out of the comet. Sunlight pushes against the gas and dust, and the solar wind carries them outward, forming a long tail. Comets come from two regions at the edges of the solar system. Some comets start in the Oort cloud, a far-off cluster of comets. Others come from the Kuiper belt.AsteroidsAsteroids are very small planets. Some travel in oval-shaped orbits that pass inside the orbit of Earth or even that of Mercury. Others travel on a circular path among the outer planets. Astronomers believe there are more than 50,000 asteroids. Most asteroids orbit the sun between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter in a region called the asteroid belt.MeteoroidsMeteoroids are chunks of metal or rock smallerthan asteroids. When meteoroids fall into Earth'satmosphere, they break up. As that happens, theyform bright streaks of light called meteors. Somemeteoroids reach the ground. These meteoroidsare known as meteorites. Most meteoroids arebroken chunks of asteroids. During the 1990s,astronomers discovered a number of meteoroids that came from Mars and from the moon.Image to left: The solar system probably began as a cloud of gas and bits of rock and metal. Credit: World Book illustration by Rob WoodFormation of the Solar SystemMany scientists believe that our solar systemformed from a giant, rotating cloud of gas and tinypieces of rocks and metals. This cloud is known asthe solar nebula. According to this theory, the solarnebula began to shrink. As the nebula got smaller,it spun faster and flattened into a disk.Image to right: The spinning cloud flattened outinto a disk. Credit: World Book illustration by Rob WoodThe scientists believe that particles within the flattened disk then smashed into one another and stuck together to form asteroid-size objects. Some of these objects joined to form the planets.Others formed moons, asteroids, and comets.Image to left: Most of the cloud pulled together inthe center and formed the sun. Credit: World Bookillustration by Rob WoodMost of the material in the nebula, though, waspulled toward the center and formed the sun.According to the theory, the pressure at the centerbecame great enough to cause the nuclearreactions that power the sun. Eventually, solar eruptions occurred, causing a solar wind. In the inner solar system, the wind was so powerful that it swept away most of the lighter elements. In the outer regions of the solar system, however, the solar wind was much weaker. As a result, much more gas remained on the outer planets. That explains why the inner planets are small, rocky worlds and the outer planets are giant ballsof gas.How to cite this article: To cite this article, WorldBook recommends the following format: "Solarsystem." The World Book Student DiscoveryEncyclopedia. Chicago: World Book, Inc., 2005.Image to right: Some of the rock and metal piecessmashed together. They formed planets, moons and asteroids. Credit: World Book illustration by Rob WoodFind this article at:/worldbook/wbkids/k_solarsystem.htmlThe sun is a huge, glowing ball of gases at the center of thesolar system. The Earth and the other eight planets travelaround the sun. The sun is only one of billions of stars in theuniverse, but it is more important to people than any otherstar. Without the heat and light of the sun, there could beno life on the Earth.Image to left: The sun is the largest object in the solarsystem. It is 109 times larger than the Earth. Credit: WorldBook illustration by Roberta PolfusIf the sun were the size of a skyscraper, the Earth would be the size of a person. The moon would be the size of a medium-size dog standing next to the person. Jupiter, the largest planet, would be the size of a small building.The sun is the star that is closest to the Earth. Scientists study the sun to lean about stars that are much farther away. The surface of the sun is made up of hot gases that give off light and heat.How the Sun Affects the EarthSunlight affects the weather of an area. The temperature of any place on the Earth depends on where the sun is in the sky. Tropical areas near the equator, an invisible line around the middle of the Earth, have a hot climate because the sun shine almost directly overhead at noon. Areas near the North Pole and the South Pole have cold weather because the sun never rises very high there.The sun gives us heat, light, and other kinds ofenergy. All life on Earth -- people, animals, andplants -- depends on this energy from the sun.Plants use sunlight to make their own food. As theymake their food, plants give off a gas called oxygen.People and animals eat the plants and breathe inoxygen. In turn, people and animals breathe outthe gas carbon dioxide. Plants mix carbon dioxidewith energy from sunlight and water from the soilto make more food.Image to right: The surface of the sun is made up ofhot gases that give off light and heat. Credit:NASA/ESA/Solar &Heliospheric ObservatoryHow the Sun Was FormedThroughout space, there are huge clouds of gases and dust. New stars are made when parts ofthe gases and dust join together and form a tight mass. The mass starts to make heat. As the mass of gases and dust gets smaller, the center of the mass gets hotter. Finally, the center becomes so hot that the mass of gases and dust begins to shine as a star.Scientists believe the sun was made from a mass of gases and dust. They think the planets were formed from gases and dust that collected at different distances from the center of the sun.How to cite this article: To cite this article, World Book recommends the following format: "Sun." The World Book Student Discovery Encyclopedia. Chicago: World Book, Inc., 2005.Find this article at:/worldbook/wbkids/k_sun.htmlMercury is the planet in our solar system closest to the sun.Because Mercury is small and near the sun, it is often hardto see from Earth without a telescope. A telescope is a toolthat makes faraway objects seem closer and bigger. Atcertain times of the year, Mercury can be seen just aftersunset. At other times, it can be seen just before sunrise.Image to left: The planet Mercury was first photographed indetail on March 29, 1974, by the U.S. probe Mariner 10.Credit: NASAMercury moves around the sun faster than any other planetdoes. The ancient Romans named it Mercury after thespeedy messenger of the gods in ancient Roman stories.Like the moon, Mercury is covered by a thin layer of minerals. It also has wide, flat areas of land, steep cliffs, and many deep craters, or holes, like those on the moon.The inside of Mercury is probably like that of Earth. Many scientists think the insides of both planets are made up mostly of iron.Mercury is dry, very hot, and has almost no air. The sun is much stronger on Mercury than it is on Earth. Scientists believe there is no life on Mercury.The United States Mariner 10 was the first and only spacecraft to reach Mercury. The spacecraft took pictures of Mercury in 1974 and 1975. These pictures tell us all we know about the surface of the planet.How to cite this article: To cite this article, World Book recommends the following format: "Mercury." The World Book Student Discovery Encyclopedia. Chicago: World Book, Inc., 2005.Find this article at:/worldbook/wbkids/k_mercury.htmlVenus is a planet. It is closer to the sun than anyother planet except Mercury. Venus is known asEarth's "twin" because the two planets are aboutthe same size. No other planet is nearer to Earththan Venus.Image to left: Venus is surrounded by thick acidclouds. Astronomers cannot see its surface evenwith telescopes. This picture was made using radarwaves and photos taken from cameras that landedon Venus. Credit: NASAFrom Earth, Venus looks brighter than any otherplanet or even any star in the sky. At certain times of the year, Venus is the first planet or star that can be seen in the western sky in the evening. At other times, it is the last planet or star that can be seen in the eastern sky in the morning. When Venus is bright, it can be seen even in daylight.Mountains and volcanoes rise over much of the planet, and canyons and craters mark its surface. The plants and animals that live on Earth could not live on Venus. Venus is covered with thick clouds of deadly sulfuric acid. It is also much too hot. The temperature on the surface of Venus is about 860 degrees F (460 degrees C), hotter than most ovens. Scientists do not think anything lives on Venus.Scientists have sent spacecraft to Venus to explore the planet. The first spacecraft to pass near Venus was Mariner 2 in 1962.How to cite this article: To cite this article, World Book recommends the following format: "Venus." The World Book Student Discovery Encyclopedia. Chicago: World Book, Inc., 2005.Find this article at:/worldbook/wbkids/k_venus.htmlEarth is the planet we live on. Earth is a huge sphere, or ball,that goes around the sun in a circle. It is covered with water,rock, and soil and surrounded by air. Animals and plants livealmost everywhere on Earth's surface. They can live on Earthbecause it is just the right distance from the sun. Livingthings need the sun's warmth and light. But if Earth werecloser to the sun, it would be too hot for living things. IfEarth were farther from the sun, it would be too cold foranything to live. Also, Earth has plenty of water. Most livingthings need water.Image to right: Seen from space, Earth is a blue ball coveredwith white clouds. This picture was taken by a satellite far out in space. Credit: NASAEarth in spaceEarth is one of the nine planets that travel through space around the sun. Earth is always moving. It spins like a top, and at the same time it travels around the sun. Human beings use these movements to measure the length of days and years on Earth. One day is the time it takes Earth to spin around once. One year is the time it takes Earth to travel once around the sun. Earth has a ball-shaped moon that travels around it the same way the Earth travels around the sun. Outside EarthEarth is not perfectly round. It is a little bit flattened at the poles. The North Pole is at Earth's top, and the South Pole is at its bottom. Halfway between the poles is an imaginary circle around Earth's center. This circle is called the equator. The equator cuts Earth into two halves called the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere.The air that surrounds Earth is called the atmosphere. An invisible gas called nitrogen makes up most of the atmosphere. Oxygen, the gas that people and animals need to breathe, makes up most of the rest. About 1,000 miles (1,600 kilometers) from Earth, the atmosphere fades away into the emptiness of space.Earth's surface is about 70 percent water. Almost all of this water is in Earth's oceans. These oceans form one great body of water often called the world ocean or global ocean. Land makes up about 30 percent of Earth. The largest pieces of land are called continents. There are seven continents. They are Asia, Africa, Antarctica, Australia, Europe, North America, and South America.Earth is covered with a rocky "skin" called the crust. The crust is about 5 miles (8 kilometers) thick under the oceans, and about 25 miles (40 kilometers) thick under the continents. The crust is made up of about 30 huge pieces, called plates, that fit together like a jigsaw puzzle.Inside EarthUnderneath the crust, Earth has three layers of hotrock and metal. These layers are the mantle, theouter core, and the inner core. The mantle is a layerof hot, melted rock below the crust. It is about1,800 miles (2,900 kilometers) thick. The outer corelies beneath the mantle. It is made mostly ofmelted iron, and it is even hotter than the mantle.The inner core is the hottest part of Earth. Scientistsbelieve that the inner core is a ball of solid iron.Image to left: Earth is made up of four layers -- thecrust, the mantle, the outer core and the inner core.Credit: World Book illustration by Raymond Perlman How Earth beganScientists believe that Earth is at least 4.5 billion years old. They think Earth began as a dry ball of rock covered by a cloud of gas. The rock began to heat up, and the inside of Earth melted. Heavy materials, like iron, sank to Earth's middle and formed the core. The lighter rocks moved to the top and formed the first crust.The heating of the inside of Earth caused other chemicals to rise to the surface. Some of these chemicals formed water. Others formed the gases that make up the atmosphere. Over millions of years, the water slowly collected in low places on the crust and formed the oceans.How Earth changesEarth's surface is always changing. Some of these changes happen suddenly. For example, earthquakes break hillsides apart and cause cracks in the ground. Floods wash away soil and form new lakes and rivers. Volcanoes erupt, or explode, burying huge areas in ash and rock.Other changes happen slowly. For example, water and wind are part of a process called erosion. Erosion takes place when parts of the Earth's surface are worn down and their materials are moved somewhere else. Over millions of years, water and wind can make great changes. For example, erosion caused by flowing water carved the Grand Canyon in North America out of hard rock.Other slow changes happen because Earth's plates are always moving. The plates glide along slowly on a layer of very hot rock. In some places, the plates bump into each other. This creates mountains. In other places, the plates move apart. This causes new crust to form. These changes take millions of years.The drifting plates moved Earth's continents to where they are today. Scientists who study Earth believe that hundreds of millions of years ago there was only one huge continent, which scientists called Pangaea. There was only one ocean, called Panthalassa. About 200 million years ago, the plates that formed Pangaea began to drift apart. Pangaea split into two continents called Gondwanaland and Laurasia. Slowly, Gondwanaland broke apart. It formed the continents of Africa, Antarctica, Australia, and South America. Laurasia split into Eurasia and North America. The movement of the continents to where they are now took place over millions of years.How to cite this article: To cite this article, World Book recommends the following format: "Earth." The World Book Student Discovery Encyclopedia. Chicago: World Book, Inc., 2005.Find this article at:/worldbook/wbkids/k_earth.htmlMars is the fourth planet from the sun. It is a reddishplanet covered with rocks and craters, or big holes.Mars was named after the ancient Roman god ofwar. Some scientists believe life may have existed onMars billions of years ago, but there is no proof thatanything is alive on the planet today.Image to left: The planet Mars, like Earth, has cloudsin its atmosphere and a deposit of ice at its northpole. But unlike Earth, Mars has no liquid water onits surface. The rust-like color of Mars comes fromthe large amount of iron in the planet's soil. Credit:NASA/JPL/Malin Space Science SystemsMars travels around the sun in an elliptical, or oval-shaped, orbit. It takes about 687 Earth days for Mars to go all the way around the sun. Mars has two small moons called Phobos and Deimos.The surface of Mars looks more like Earth's than the surface of any other planet does. Even so, the plants and animals that live on Earth could not live on Mars. Its ground is too cold -- it is usually below 32 degrees Fahrenheit (zero degrees Celsius), the freezing point of water. Also, the air of Mars has almost no oxygen. People and animals need oxygen to breathe.Scientists have studied Mars through telescopes for many years. In 1965, the United States spacecraft Mariner 4 flew near Mars and took pictures of its surface. In 1976, the U.S. Viking 1 and Viking 2 were the first spacecraft to land on Mars. They took pictures and collected soil samples. The U.S. Pathfinder probe landed on Mars in 1997. All these spacecraft were controlled by radio signals from Earth. As yet, no people have set foot on Mars.How to cite this article: To cite this article, World Book recommends the following format: "Mars." The World Book Student Discovery Encyclopedia. Chicago: World Book, Inc., 2005.Find this article at:/worldbook/wbkids/k_mars.htmlJupiter is the fifth planet from the sun and thelargest planet in the solar system. More than 1,000Earths would fit inside Jupiter. When viewed fromEarth, Jupiter appears brighter than most stars.Among the planets, only Venus is brighter. Jupiteris named after the king of the Roman gods.Image to left: Jupiter is a giant ball of gas and liquid. Credit: World Book illustration by Herb HerrickJupiter is a giant ball of gas and liquid. It has little or no solid surface. Instead, the planet's surface is made of thick red, brown, yellow, and white clouds. The clouds have dark- and light-colored areas. These areas circle the planet and give it a striped appearance.Jupiter's most outstanding surface feature is the Great Red Spot, a swirling mass of gas. It looks like a TV weather display of a hurricane. The color of the Great Red Spot varies from brick-red to brownish. Jupiter has three thin rings around its middle. They seem to be made mostly of dust particles.Jupiter rotates, or spins, faster than any other planet. Jupiter's day -- that is, the time it takes to spin around once -- is only about 10 hours long. By comparison, Earth's day is 24 hours long. Jupiter takes about 12 years to travel once around the sun, while Earth takes one year.Jupiter has 63 known moons. These moons revolve around Jupiter the way our moon revolves around Earth. Scientists have discovered volcanoes on the moon called Io. They believe that the moon called Europa contains water.How to cite this article: To cite this article, World Book recommends the following format: "Jupiter." The World Book Student Discovery Encyclopedia. Chicago: World Book, Inc., 2005.Find this article at:/worldbook/wbkids/k_jupiter.htmlSaturn is the second largest planet. Only Jupiter is Array larger. Saturn has seven thin, flat rings around it.The rings are made up of many thin ringlets, orsmall rings. The ringlets are made up of smallpieces of ice. All these shiny pieces travel aroundthe planet, making Saturn one of the mostbeautiful objects in space. Jupiter, Neptune, and Uranus are the only other planets that are known to have rings.Image to left: Saturn, the second largest planet in the solar system, has seven rings made up of shiny bits of ice. In this photograph, a section of the rings is hidden by the planet's shadow. Credit: NASA/JPL/Space Science InstituteSaturn can be seen from Earth. However, the rings of Saturn cannot be seen from Earth without a telescope.Saturn is the sixth closest planet to the sun. It travels around the sun in an oval-shaped orbit, or path. The planet takes about 10,759 Earth days, or about 29.5 Earth years, to go around the sun. Earth takes 365 days, or one year, to travel around the sun.Saturn rotates, or spins around, faster than any other planet except Jupiter. Saturn spins around once in only 10 hours and 39 minutes. Earth rotates once in 24 hours, or one day.Most scientists believe Saturn is a giant ball of gas that has no solid, or hard, surface. However the planet seems to have a hot, solid center of iron and rocky material. Scientists do not think that any form of life exists on Saturn. Saturn has at least 18* satellites, or moons. The largest moon is Titan.How to cite this article: To cite this article, World Book recommends the following format:Find this article at:/worldbook/wbkids/k_saturn.htmlUranus is the seventh planet from the sun. Only Neptune isfarther from the sun. Uranus is the most distant planet wecan see without a telescope.Image to left: Uranus is a giant blue-green planet. Credit:NASAUranus is a giant ball of gas and liquid. It is about four timesthe size of Earth. Scientists believe that the surface ofUranus is made up of blue-green clouds of methane, a gas.Beneath the surface are thick layers of water mixed withanother gas called ammonia. The center of the planet may be a rocky core, just like Earth's. Scientists do not think there is any life on Uranus.Uranus was the first planet discovered since ancient times. William Herschel discovered it in 1781. Herschel was a British astronomer, a scientist who studies planets and stars. Scientists have learned much about Uranus from the flight of the United States spacecraft Voyager 2. The spacecraft flew close to Uranus and took pictures. It sent these pictures back to Earth.Uranus moves around the sun in an oval path. It takes about 84 Earth years for Uranus to go around the sun. (It takes one year for Earth to go around the sun.) Like Earth, Uranus also slowly spins on its axis, a make-believe line through the center of the planet. Uranus takes 17 hours and 14 minutes to spin once all the way around on its axis.How to cite this article: To cite this article, World Book recommends the following format: "Uranus." The World Book Student Discovery Encyclopedia. Chicago: World Book, Inc., 2005.Find this article at:/worldbook/wbkids/k_uranus.htmlNeptune is one of the two planets that cannot be seen fromEarth without a telescope. Pluto is the other. Bright blueclouds cover Neptune's surface. Because these clouds looklike water, the planet was named after the ancient Romangod of the sea, Neptune.Image to left: Bright blue clouds surround Neptune. Theyare made of frozen methane, a gas. Because these cloudslook like water, the planet was named after Neptune, theancient Roman god of the sea. Credit: NASA/JPLScientists believe that Neptune is made up mostly of gases, water, and minerals. Plants and animals that live on Earth could not live on Neptune. It is much too cold, and the air has no oxygen. People and animals need oxygen to breathe.Neptune travels around the sun in an elliptical, or oval-shaped orbit. It takes about 165 years for Neptune to go all the way around the sun. It takes our planet Earth one year to go around the sun. Pluto is the only planet farther from the sun than Neptune. But every 248 years, Pluto moves inside Neptune's orbit for about a 20-year period. During that time, Neptune is the farthest planet from the sun.Neptune is about four times as big as Earth. It has at least 13 moons (natural satellites), and several rings. Only two of the moons, Triton and Nereid, can be seen by telescopes on Earth. Six moons and the rings were discovered in 1989 by the United States spacecraft Voyager 2. It took the first close-up pictures of Neptune, although scientists first saw Neptune through a telescope in 1846. Astronomers using powerful telescopes found the other moons in 2002 and 2003.How to cite this article: To cite this article, World Book recommends the following format: "Neptune." The World Book Student Discovery Encyclopedia. Chicago: World Book, Inc., 2005.Find this article at:/worldbook/wbkids/k_neptune.htmlPluto is a far-off dwarf planet. From its discovery in Array 1930, people considered Pluto to be the ninthplanet of our solar system. However, because of itssmall size and irregular orbit, many astronomersquestioned whether Pluto should be grouped withplanets like Earth and Jupiter. In 2006, this debateled the International Astronomical Union, therecognized authority in naming heavenly objects,to formally classify Pluto as a dwarf planet.Image to right: Pluto is so far from Earth that even powerful telescopes show little detail of its surface. The Hubble Space Telescope took these pictures of Pluto. Credit: NASAPluto's path around the sun takes it farther away from the sun than any other planet. Pluto cannot be seen from Earth without a telescope.Pluto is about 39 times as far from the sun as Earth is. It takes about 248 years for Pluto to make one trip around the sun. For about 20 years during each trip, it comes closer to the sun than Neptune does.Pluto is much smaller than Earth, and it is very cold. Pluto has one moon.*In 1996, the Hubble Space Telescope took the first good pictures of Pluto. The planet has large, bright areas that are probably frozen gases. In 2006, the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) launched the New Horizons probe. The probe was expected to fly by Pluto in 2015.How to cite this article: To cite this article, World Book recommends the following format:Find this article at:/worldbook/wbkids/k_pluto.html。

solar system

火星
Mars is a neighboring planet, and scientist are learning
a lot about it. They send many space probes to Mars. A space probecalled Curiosity landed on Mars on August 6,2012. Curiosity is as big as a car , and it moves over the surface of Mars. It recently found rocks that had strange shapes. Running water made these shapes. This is an important discovery. Space probes like curiosity continue to explore the planets, moons, and other bodies in our solar system. If technology continues to grow, we will travel to space ourselves.
Each planet’s path around the sun is called an orbit. The planet that are close to the sun have smaller orbits, so they take less time to go around it. Mercury（水星）takes 88 days to complete one orbit. Earth complete one orbit in 365days, or one year. Neptune’s (海王星)orbit takes 60,200 days, or almost 165 years.

Chapter1

1 pc 3.26 ly
1.2 A quick tour of the cosmos
To understand the universe, we must understand the relative scales of planets, stars, galaxies and the universe as a whole. We will journey from a campus scene to the limits of the cosmos in 12 steps. In each step we will widen our view by a factor of 100. That is, each successive picture will show a region of the universe that is 100 times wider than the preceding picture.
THE UNITED NATIONS DECLARES 2009 THE INTERNATIONAL YEAR OF ASTRONOMY 联合国宣布 2009年为国际天文年！纪念伽利略400年前首次使用望远镜观测太空。
Astronomy
The Solar System and Beyond
Michael A. Seeds Joseph R. Grundy Observatory Franklin and Marshall College
Fig. 1-4 Field of view enlarged 100 times from the previous image (NASA). This step in our journey shows our entire planet. The earth is 12,756 km in diameter and rotates on its axis once a day.

Solar Walk 用户指南说明书

!!!!!User Manual!Solar Walk™!3D Solar System Modelfor iPhone/iPod Touch/iPad/Android/OS X !!!!May 2014, ver. 2.42Solar Walk™ Manual!Table of Contents!.................................................................................................................... 1.Introduction 3............................................................................................................... 2.Getting Started 4............................................................................................ 3.Navigating Through Space 6............................................................................................... 4.Navigating Through Time 8................................................................................ 5.Additional (downloadable) content 9........................................................................................................................... 6.Sharing 10....................................................................................................7.Switching to 3D Mode 118.Solar Walk™ for OS X 12............................................................................................................................................................................................9.Solar Walk™ on a Big Screen 1310. The Apple Volume Purchase Program 14............................................................................................................................................................ 11. Carrier Billing for Android users 15......................................................................................... 12.Solar Walk™ Update History 181.Introduction!Solar Walk™ is a virtual three - dimensional model of the Solar System for iPhone/iPad/ iPod Touch and OS X designed to help kids and adults watch the accurate position of rotating planets from any angle for any given date and time, learn the structure of the Solar System, and get up-to-date information on solar objects.With Solar Walk™ users can investigate celestial objects and our Solar System. The planets have accurate lightness and darkness against the sun, calculated distances towards each other, and sizes similar to real.!Solar Walk™ features:!Galaxy view - expanded view of the Solar System and the Milky Way galaxy. Explanatory movie collection - Movies explaining the Earth’s phenomena, such as day-night cycles and different seasons, Solar eclipses and the Moon phases.3D TV - ability to connect device running iOS to 3D TV to play Solar Walk™ on a big screen.AirPlay - ability to play Solar Walk™ on a big screen without any cables.3D mode - ability to tour the Solar System in 3D mode using 3D stereo glasses.Object info - by tapping the “i” icon you can learn general information about the planet, such as its name, mass, radius, distance to the sun, illustrated internal structure and science missions.Time Machine - tap the screen of your device to see the date and time. Drag Time slider with your ﬁnger and the planets will start moving accordingly. Touch year, month, time and change them depending on whatever you want to see. The display will adapt accordingly to show you how planets were aligned at that time.Sharing - tap the Sharing icon to get a screenshot for sharing it via Twitter, Facebook, Instagram or e-mail, save it to your Camera roll or. Also users will be able to Rate or Gift Solar Walk™ through the App Store.Planets’ moons - select a planet like the Earth, Saturn, Jupiter or Mars to observe their moons tracking around the planet.Satellites - follow the trajectories of the most interesting satellites of the Earth. (additional content)Search - tap the Search icon and start typing the name of the object you are interested in. The app will suggest you results including letter combinations.!Solar Walk™ is currently available in the following languages: Spanish, French, German, Japanese, Italian, Russian, Korean, Czech, Simple and Traditional Chinese.The application is compatible with iPhone, iPod touch, iPad, requires iOS 4.3 or later and OS X (see full speciﬁcations below).!Go back to Table of Contents.2.Getting StartedAs you open the app you get a virtual tour to the Earth by default. To see entire Solar System there are two options: True-to-scale or Orrery view. In true-to-scale view all planets are shown in corresponding scale. Orrery view illustrates the relative positions and motions of planets and moons in the Solar system.You can also discover the entire Milky Way Galaxy and ﬁnd the place of the Solar System there by ﬁnger-spreading.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Solar Walk™ Manual 52.1. Interfaces!!Go back to Table of Contents. !Icon name Function SearchAllows you to start typing the name of the object you are interested in. The app will suggest you results including letter combinations.Fly to a planet Allows approaching a selected planet. Information Gives detailed information and images about the selected object in a drop-down box. The "i" button brings you closer to the object with the time pausing. To go back to the Solar System tap “<”button.Menu Helps you navigate the menu. It contains Orrery/True-to-scale options, Shop, Extras, Settings and Help buttons.Orrery The distances between the planets are shorter with the bigger planets’ sizes (the planets’ proportions and distances are not observed in this mode). True-to-scaleShows all planets in corresponding scale. Additional contentAllows you to purchase and download additional options such asmovies, 3D scenes and high resolution surface views.Settings Allows turning on/off the music and sounds, and switching between view modes.Help Contains video tutorial, subscription, support and contactssections.Time Machine Shows/hides Time Machine and Time Slider. To see the currenttime, date, and year, tap arrows before year.Close/BackAllows exiting the Solar System mode or leave information box.3.Navigating Through SpaceSolar Walk™ has 98 celestial objects to choose from: these are all major planets, their moons, artiﬁcial satellites, asteroids, comets, dwarf planets, and brightest stars. All objects are labeled. The names of all unselected objects disappear after a few seconds of not touching your device.You can zoom in/out any on object and get interesting information on all the objects, like internal structure, size, mass, scientiﬁc missions and more, by tapping “i” icon next to object’s name.Go back to Table of Contents.!!4.Navigating Through Time!Solar Walk™ lets you go forward or backward in time using the Time Machine feature placed in the upper right corner of the screen. There are 5 options to change (year, month, date, hour, and minute). You can set time and then take a look (by using pinch-zoom, ﬁnger-dragging and object-selection) how the Solar System moves at whatever speed you have chosen. If you want to change time again, choose another unit in the clock and then swipe/drag up or down the Time slider. To stop Time Machine touch Time slider. If you want to go back to the present, touch the icon before year.!With time speeds up, objects with the smallest orbits will be the ﬁrst objects that move too fast to see, and they will appear to be missing, the planets with larger orbits will be the next to vanish.Even chosen object will disappear soon if the time continues to speed up.!Go back to Table of Contents.!!!!!!!!5.Additional (downloadable) contentThere are some options which are added to Solar Walk™ as In-App Purchases.You can easily download high resolution surface textures of the Earth, the Moon, Mars and Venus that will allow you to explore the planets in amazing detail. The ﬁrst way to download high resolution surfaces is to open “Additional content” section and choose what planet you would like to have a good look at. The second one is to click at pop-up placed in upper part of the screen when you choose the planet that you would like to have a good look at.Other In-App Purchases include human-made spacecraft 3D models which come with all kinds of data about the object such as history, mass, “Did you know” section and other interesting details. !Go back to Table of Contents.!!!!!!!!!!!!!!6.SharingYou have an option to share beautiful pictures from Solar Walk™ with your friends though social networks. To get a screenshot tap the “Share” button in main menu and you will see icons to share it via e-mail, Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and save it to your photos in camera roll album. Also you’ll be able to Gift or Rate Solar Walk™ through the App Store. !Go back to Table of Contents.!!7.Switching to 3D Mode!Solar Walk™ has a 3D mode that allows you to nearly ﬂy to the planets and view them in a more realistic way using special red/cyan 3D stereo glasses. 3D effect looks especially impressive with close-up views of rotating objects. See FAQ to read information on where to purchase glasses.Go back to Table of Contents.!8.Solar Walk™ for OS XSolar Walk™ is available for OS X since launching Mac App Store. It can be navigated the same way as you do on any of your iOS devices.At the bottom right there is a menu for switching to 3D mode, sending to movie collection, turning sounds on/off and the button to quit, also you can use the default combination cmd+Q to exit Solar Walk™.!!Go back to Table of Contents.9.Solar Walk™ on a Big ScreenYou are allowed to connect Solar Walk™ to 3D TV to get a real depthperception. Please use the instruction below.1. Connect your device running iOS with an HDMI adapter to the 3D TV.2. Switch on 3D function in Solar Walk™ Menu.3. There will appear a question what type of 3D you want to use anaglyph glasses or 3D TV.Choose 3D TV.4. On you 3D TV screen there will appear two pictures on a screen.5. Switch 3D mode on a TV.6.Put on 3D glasses and enjoy.!Also you can mirror Solar Walk™ on an external screen using AirPlay, which is available with iPad 2 or later; iPad mini; iPhone 4S; iPhone 5; iPod touch (5th generation); and iMac (Mid 2011 or newer), Mac mini (Mid 2011 or newer), MacBook Air (Mid 2011 or newer), and MacBook Pro (Early 2011 or newer) with Mountain Lion.1. Turn on Apple TV.!2. Tap on device running iOS or OS X and select it from the list of available devices. !3. You are all set.!Go back to Table of Contents.10. The Apple Volume Purchase Program Solar Walk™ participates in Apple’s Volume Purchase Program, which means it is available to schools for bulk purchasing at a 50% discount.!It’s quick and easy to set up school organization for volume purchasing.1.Designate a person in the organization as the Program Manager.2.Receive cards that are physically sent to the school. (Nothing is offered electronically.) !!!3.Sign up Program Facilitators, which willallow them to make purchases. Set up and manage your institution’s list of Program Facilitators using the Program Facilitator account manager tool. Apple will create a new Apple ID for each Program Facilitator to use exclusively in the VPP Education Store. Existing Apple IDs cannot be used for the Volume Purchase Program. For each Program Facilitator, you will need to provide Apple with a valid email address that isn’t currently used as an Apple ID. An institution can have as many Program Managers as it wants.4.Log in to the Volume Purchase Program for Education with your new Apple ID. After login, you can redeem Volume Vouchers given to you by your Program Manager. You can also search for apps and books by name and purchase them in the quantity you need.!For any further questions, please visit Apple web-site.!!!!!!!!!!Solar Walk™ Manual 1511. Carrier Billing for Android users SET UP DIRECT CARRIER BILLING: If you haven't set up a Google Wallet account, you’ll need to create one before making a purchase.1) Open the Google Play Store Google Play Store app.2) Select an app or digital content item.3) Touch the price. 4) If you're purchasing an app, review and Accept permissions to continue.5) Next to the price, touch the Down Down arrow. 6) Touch Payment options. 7) Touch Carrier billing Enable carrier billing. 8) Review and Save your account information. !PAY WITH DIRECT CARRIER BILLING:1) Open the Google Play Store Google Play Store app. 2) Select an app or digital content item. 3) Touch the price.4) If you're purchasing an app, review and Accept permissions to continue. 5) Next to the price, touch the Down Down arrow. 6) Touch Payment options.7) Select Bill my carrier account. 8) Complete your purchase."!List of countries where carrier billing is available:Country CarriersCurrency Australia Optus, Telstra AUD Austria 3, A1EURBelgiumMobistar EURCanada Rogers/Fido, Bell Canada CADCzech Republic T-Mobile CZKGermany E-Plus, T-Mobile International, o2EUR France SFR, Bouygues, Orange EURHong Kong 3HKD Ireland 3, O2EURItaly Wind Italy EURJapan Docomo, KDDI, Softbank JPYKoreaKT, SKT, LGU+KRWSolar Walk™ Manual16!!!!!!!!!!!!NetherlandsKPN, T-Mobile International EUR Norway TelenorNOK Poland PlayPLN Russia Beeline, Megafon RUB Singapore SingTel, StarHub SGD Spain Movistar, Orange EUR Sweden 3, Tele2, Telenor SE SEK Switzerland Swisscom CHF Thailand AISTHB UK T-Mobile International GBP USAT&T, Sprint, T-Mobile, US Cellular, VerizonUSDSolar Walk™ Manual 17FAQ !!Go back to Table of Contents. !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Question AnswerHow to view the entire Milky Way Galaxy?Zoom out by spreading until it’s possible.How to view the entire Solar system?Zoom in and out or use Solar System mode. Are the stars on the sky behind painted or real?The stars on the sky are accurately calculated and located in the exact position they actually are in reality. How do I listen to my own music?Unfortunately, Solar Walk™ does not have this feature yet. It is currently being developed.What kind of 3D glasses do I need to view the 3D mode?Anaglyph Red/Cyan are best for viewing Solar Walk™ app. Where can I get 3D glasses?To fully enjoy the 3D mode in Solar Walk™ app, you will need a pair of red/cyan 3D glasses. You can either get them online for free here http:///free-3d-glasses.html or make them yourself! Here is a couple of how-to links: /watch?v=sIEn9z0oBE8, /how_4455680_make-d-glasses.html18Solar Walk™ Manual12.Solar Walk™ Update History!Version 2.3- New version specially designed for iOS 7 running devices- Improved user interface- Faster graphics- Minor bug ﬁxing- Czech localization!Version 2.2- New Space Missions: Apollo 17 with Lunar Rover Vehicle, The Launch of Hubble, Repair of Hubble. The missions are added as In-App Purchases.-High resolution surface of the Earth, the Moon, Mars and Venus via In-App Purchase-Bug ﬁxes!Version 2.1- Space Missions: Curiosity, Luna 17, Apollo 11. The missions are added as In-App Purchases that can be purchased for whatever you’d like to pay (including a free of charge option)-Improved Atlas for Venus, Mars and the Moon-Bug ﬁxes!Version 2.0.1- iPhone 5 Ready- Added Curiosity model on Mars- Added info about Curiosity in “Science Missions” of Mars- New models and textures for Phobos and Deimos-Bug ﬁxes!Version 2.0- Added "weight" to planets- New info with more images from ESA and ESO- Amazing internal structure of planets- New objects: asteroids, comets, and dwarf planets- Enhanced graphics for the Sun and the planets- New multi-touch gesture allows two-ﬁnger swipe to move selected object off the central position. It can be used to create stunning images and to view the motion of planets from unusual angles.-A list of preset ﬂights through space to show you the most amazing views of the Milky Way!Version 1.9.3- iPhone 4 interface bug ﬁx- App size reduced!Version 1.9.2- Optimized for new iPad- High resolution interface- High resolution textures of the planets- New visual effects19Solar Walk™ Manual!Version 1.9.1- "Frost" feature- The Asteroid belt- The Solar prominence-The bug with 3D TV ﬁxed!Version 1.9- Voice-over for educational movies- Localized subtitles for movies in Chinese, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Russian, Spanish- Uranus rings- The clouds textures of Venus- New texture of Mercury- Minor interface tweaks!Version 1.8- 3D TV support- External TV Support- 3D models of 10 main satellites- 3 new educational movies and detailed Earth texture!Version 1.7- Search- Explanatory movies- Twitter and Facebook sharing!Version 1.6- LOCATIONS: the arrow directly shows your real-time location on the Earth.- 3D SOLAR SYSTEM: availability of stereo view to get an unique and impressive stereoscopic experience at absolutely different level.- SATELLITES: 10 Earth satellites trajectories.- GALAXY VIEW: expanded view of the Solar System and the Milky Way Galaxy.- MOVIE: the 1st educational movie “Solar System Planets’ Size Comparison”.!!Version 1.5- PlutoVersion 1.2- iPad version- Phobos and DeimosVersion 1.0- 3D Solar System Model- Fly to the planet- Read info- Time machine- Moons of different planets。

太阳系八大行星模型制作方法

太阳系八大行星模型制作方法Creating a model of the eight planets in the solar system can be an exciting and educational project. Whether you are a student working on a school assignment or simply a space enthusiast, building a model of the solar system allows you to visualize and understand the relative sizes and distances of the planets. In this article, we will explore various methods and materials you can use to create your own solar system model.One of the simplest and most common ways to make a solar system model is by using Styrofoam balls or foamballs of different sizes. Start by gathering the necessary materials, including the foam balls, paint, a paintbrush, and a wooden skewer or wire. Begin by painting each foam ball to represent the different planets. You can refer to images or online resources to accurately depict the colors and patterns of each planet. Once the paint has dried, attach the foam balls to the wooden skewer or wire in the correct order, starting with the Sun in the center andmoving outward to represent the planets. Be sure to leave enough space between each planet to accurately depict the distances between them.Another method to create a solar system model is by using paper mache. This technique allows for morecreativity and customization. Start by inflating balloonsof different sizes to represent the planets. Then, preparea mixture of water and flour to create the paper mache paste. Dip strips of newspaper into the paste and layerthem onto the inflated balloons. Repeat this process until you have achieved the desired thickness for each planet. Once the paper mache has dried, you can paint and decorate each planet accordingly. Afterward, carefully deflate the balloons and remove them from inside the paper mache shells. Finally, attach the planets to a base or hang them from a string to display your model.For those looking for a more advanced and detailed approach, 3D printing offers a fantastic option. With the increasing accessibility of 3D printers, it is now possible to create highly accurate and intricate models of the solarsystem. There are numerous 3D models available for free online that you can download and print. Alternatively, if you have experience with 3D modeling software, you can design your own custom model. Once the printing process is complete, you can paint the planets to achieve a realistic appearance. This method allows for precise scaling and intricate details, making it an excellent choice for those seeking a more professional-looking model.If you prefer a more hands-on approach, you can also consider using clay or playdough to create your solar system model. This method is especially suitable for younger children or those who enjoy sculpting. Start by gathering different colors of clay or playdough to represent each planet. Begin shaping the clay into the desired forms, taking care to accurately depict the sizes and shapes of the planets. You can use various tools, such as toothpicks or sculpting tools, to add details and textures to the planets. Once you are satisfied with the appearance of each planet, allow them to dry or harden according to the instructions of the clay or playdough you are using. Finally, arrange the planets in the correctorder and display them on a base or hang them from strings.Regardless of the method you choose, constructing a solar system model provides a valuable opportunity to learn about the planets and their positions in space. It allows you to visualize the vastness of our solar system and appreciate the unique characteristics of each planet. Whether you opt for a simple foam ball model or anintricate 3D printed design, the process of building asolar system model can ignite curiosity and inspire a deeper interest in astronomy. So gather your materials, unleash your creativity, and embark on this fascinating journey through space.。

如何办理个人屋顶光伏并网手续的总结

如何办理个人屋顶光伏并网手续的总结Installing personal rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems and connecting them to the grid require several steps and procedures. In this article, I will provide a comprehensive guide on how to go about obtaining the necessary permitsand completing the paperwork for individual rooftop PV systems.When starting the process of installing a personal rooftop PV system, it is crucial to research and understand local regulations and guidelines. Different regions may have varying requirements for system size, equipment specifications, and connection standards. Familiarize yourself with these regulations to ensure compliance.安装个人屋顶光伏系统并将其与电网连接需要完成多个步骤和手续。

在本文中，我将提供一个全面的指南，介绍如何获得必要的许可证并完成个人屋顶光伏系统的文件工作。

在开始安装个人屋顶光伏系统的过程中，重要的是要研究和了解当地的法规和指南。

不同地区可能对系统容量、设备规格和连接标准有不同的要求。

熟悉这些法规以确保符合规定。

To begin the process, you will need to contact your local utility company or electricity distribution network operator. They will guide you through their specific application procedures for connecting your PV system to the grid. This typically involves submitting certain documents such as an application form, system design plans, specifications of equipment used, and proof of compliance with safety standards.接下来，您需要与当地的公用事业公司或电力配送网络运营商联系。

Nature Power 5504040W 和 5508080W 可移动可折叠太阳能板用户手册说明书

Portable Folding Solar PanelUser ManualV1.1-M 18Mar2021#5504040 Watt #5508080 WattThank you for choosing a Nature Power Product.Save the receipt and these instructions. It is important that you read the entire manual to become familiar with this product before you begin using it.This product is designed for certain applications only. The distributor cannot be responsible for issues arising from modification. We strongly recommend this product not be modified and/or used for any application other than that for which it was designed. If you have any question relative to a particular application, do not use the product until you have first contacted the distributor to determine if it can or should be performed on the product.For technical question please call 1800-588-0590Never touch the end of output cables with your bare hands when the modules are irradiated. Handle wires with rubber-gloved hands to avoid electric shock.Do not wear metallic jewelry when working on electrical equipment.Product should be installed and maintained by qualified personnel.Do not drop tool or other item on the glass of the solar module.Do not scratch the back film of the solar panel.Avoid exposing solar panels to partial sunlight or shadows. Partial sunlight can cause hot spots on the panel.Do not pour chemicals on module when cleaning.Keep module away from children.Precautions when working with batteriesNever smoke or allow a spark or flame near the batteries.Batteries generate hydrogen and oxygen during charging resulting in evolution of explosive gas mixture. Care should be taken to ventilate the battery area and follow the battery manufacturer’s recommendations.Batteries contain very corrosive diluted sulphuric acid as electrolyte. Precautions should be taken to prevent contact with skin, eyes or clothing.Use caution to reduce the risk of dropping a metal tool on the battery. It could spark or short circuit the battery or other electrical parts and could cause an explosion.Remove metal items like rings, bracelets and watches when working with batteries. The batteries can produce a short circuit current high enough to weld a ring or the like to metal and thus cause a severe burn.If you need to remove a battery, always remove the ground terminal from the battery first. make sure that all the accessories are off so that you do not cause a spark.Use properly insulated tools only when making battery connections.Precautions when working with solar panelsWith the incidence of sunlight or other light sources on all solar panels, a voltage appears at the output terminals of the solar panel turning it into a source of electricity. To avoid a shock hazard make sure the solar panel is covered with an opaque (dark) material such aspaper/cloth during the installation. Do not make contact with the terminals when the panel is exposed to sunlight or other light sources.Precautions when working with Charge ControllersIf two or more solar panels are connected in series/parallel make sure that the sum of the short circuit current ratings of all panel strings does not exceed 80% of the charge controller’s current rating.Selecting the correct batteryNature Power does not offer batteries. However, please choose a 12 Volt rechargeable battery. Do not attempt to recharge non-rechargeable batteries. 6 Volt battery configurations may also be used ifconnected in series (Negative to Positive). You may choose a Sealed Lead Acid battery, a Gel-Cell or a Deep Cycle 12 Volt battery. Batteries come in all different sizes, please converse with your battery dealer for more information on which type of battery you should use for your system. Note your solar panel amperage rating when selecting your battery size.Location of solar modulePlease locate your solar module in a position where it can absorb direct sunlight on the solar panel, and generally free from cover and shade. The Solar Module can become very hot, please keep out of reach of children. Do not place heavy objects on Solar Module.Do not place the phone,tablet or camera in direct sunlight or in an overheated environment. Place the device in the pocket of the panel or place it in the shade.12V Battery (Not included)SAE Reverse Polarity Cable4, SAE Reverse Polarity CableYour solar panel output terminals, either directly from the solar pane, or via the Charge Controller, are always Female Positive Polarity.In case you need to have a Female Negative Polarity output, you may use the Reverse Polarity Adapter provided:CAUTION: Reversing the polarity may damage the electrical appliances! Please check carefully the correct polarity before using.Positive PolarityNegative PolarityWill this solar panel work with a 24V battery?This solar panel can use with 24V battery while the charge controller are suitable for 24V system. Please call Nature Power Customer Service for more 24V system configuration.How do solar system work?The panel's photovoltaic cells convert the energy in sunlight to electricity, the electricity is then stored in the battery and an inverter will allow you to plug in appliances. there is 4 major componentsneeded to set up your solar off grid system. Solar panels, charge controller to control the charge to the battery bank, a battery for power storage and an inverter to transfer DC power from the battery to an AC power.What size battery can I use?The amount of battery storage you need is based on your energy usage. Energy usage is measured in Watts or kilowatt hours over a period of time. You can use any size battery, best used with Deep Cycle batteries.How to use a charge controller?Charge controllers are required for installations of solar systems arrays that are rated 12 Watts and higher. Charge Controllers help to protect the battery(s) and solar panel(s) from harmful reverse currents, battery over charging and high wattage surges, addition protections are found on larger charge controllers. Nature Power Products offers charge controllers from 8Amp-32Amp. One Charge Controller can regulate multiple solar panels.Does the panels need to be in direct sun to work?No, although solar panels produce the highest wattage output in direct sunlight, they will still produce power on cloudy days.Battery Voltage Cut-in Voltage Cut-out VoltageMax Input Charge Current12V Only 13V 14.2V 8ALED light indicates a full battery charge "green" at 14.2 Volts, at this time the charge controller will cut out to prevent overcharging.LED light indicates battery charging "yellow" when battery reaches below 13 Volts, charge controller willcut in and allow solar panel to being charging.Electrical InstallationPlease confirm that you have all parts to your system before starting installation.* Charge controller is optional and may not be included. below image just showing how to connect the solar panel to charge your battery. Reverse below steps to uninstall.Step1 Connect the battery with SAE-battery clamp cable, Always connecting the postive to positive, negative to negative.Step2 Connect the SAE connector to charge controller (battery side of charge controller) Step3 Connect the solar panel to charge controller (solar panel side of charge controller)SpecificationSolar panel Rated Hourly(Maximum output)Laptop 20-50 watts Weekly OutputPC 80-150 watts40" Television/ Projector 200 watts Fan 80 watts Fluorescent Light 40 watts 40W 80W 9 hr 49 hr 98 hr 39 hr 78 hr 24 hr 49 hr 13 hr 26 hr 19 hr 1.9KW∙h3.9 KW∙h Coffee Maker 1000 Watts1.9 hr3.8 hr120W 147 hr 117 hr 73 hr 39 hr 29 hr 5.88KW∙h5 hr165W 200W 202 hr 244 hr 161 hr 196 hr 101 hr 122 hr 54 hr 64 hr 40 hr 48 hr 8.08KW∙h9.8 KW∙h8 hr9.8 hrPlease noted all run times/ratings are estimates only and may varydepending on your location, time of day, time of year and are based on 7 Hours of full sunlight per day.Weekly Power Run TimeGo to for a larger selection of renewable energy products and accessories,Nature Power warrants our products to the original purchaser that this product is free from defects in materials and workmanship for the period of 1 year from date of purchase, 2 year warranted to solar panel generate up to 80% of rated power from date of purchase. In the case of product defect, contact Nature Power customer service to receive trouble shooting. If defective part or unit should be returned, a Return Authorization Number must be issued by Nature Power and the defective part or unit should be returned to the authorized location at the purchasers’ expense. A dated proof of purchase is required to receive warranty service. Once received at authorized location and defect proves to be the result of defective material and workmanship, the defective part or unit will be replaced at warrantors’ option and returned to the original purchaser at warrantors’ expense. No refunds will be granted by the warrantor, in the event of buyer’s remorse please contact your point of purchase within and in adherence to their return policy. Refunds are granted at the retailers’ discretions.Please contact Nature Power Products to acquire more information:1-800-588-0590****************************Made in Vietnam。

Sunrun商业指南：如何在出售家庭时处理Solar系统说明书

A home seller’s guide toSunrun solarEverything you need to know about sellinga home with a Sunrun solar system.Your home is powered by the sunSo, you’re looking to sell your solar home and you have somequestions. Though we’re sorry to see you go, we do want to help makethis transition easy for you. We’ve put together a packet that provideseverything you need to make your home sale as seamless as possible.TABLE OF CONTENTSHome values and solarHow it worksSunrun Customer CareHow solar affects the home selling processSelling your solar home like a proFAQ343545Home values and solarYou may wonder about the impact of solar panels ona home’s resale value. The Department of Energy has found that homes with solar energy systems often sellfaster than homes without systems.1 Plus, you’ll have theadded benefit of being environmentally friendly.How solar affects the home selling processDoes the Customer Agreement type affect the transfer process?How fast will my home sell?If you’re looking to sell your home with a Sunrun solar system, this quick primer is for you.Nope. We can transfer all agreement types. But it’s important that the new homeowner understands the type of agreement they will be taking over and the payment terms to which they will be agreeing. We recommend having a conversation with them (or their realtor) about the solar service and what they can expect. If you need a refresher on the type of agreement you signed, login to mysunrun and download your agreement for more information.For Sunrun toeffectively processyour transfer, pleaselet us know as soonas your home is undercontract, so we canwork with you and yourbuyer to complete thetransfer steps.1 Solar Homes Sell for a Premium. Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy. Solar Energy Technologies Office. Published Jul., 22, 2018. Accessed Oct., 11, 2021.We know there’s a lot to consider when selling your home, especially when you have solar. Here are our top tips:To make things go smoothly, choose professionals (agent, lender, and title company) familiar with rooftop solar.As soon as you’re ready to sell your home, let potential buyers know thata contingency of the home sale is the solar system and the transfer of the solar agreement. This includes:If you signed a Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) or Lease Agreement, you may have a notice recorded with the county. We will work with your title company to prepare the notice for temporary release.Discussing the agreement terms with the potential buyer and working with them to take over the remaining life of the agreement.Encouraging the buyer to contact us if they have any questions about the system transfer.Selling your solar home like a proHow it Works When you’re selling your home, the last thing you want is to have it get stuck in the transfer process long after you intend to move. If you have a Monthly Lease agreement or a Power Purchase agreement, it’s pretty easy. Here’s what you’ll need to do:a b *If you have a Yearly Lease agreement (AKA a Prepaid agreement), then we’ll waive the credit check requirement and the new homeowner will not need to complete a credit application.**Based on completed transfers created by Sunrun through September 30, 2021 with “moving” as the reason for transferring the Agreement. Includes no upfront, low upfront and prepaid systems.You may have some questions about the home sale, but that’s what we’re here for.Frequently Asked QuestionsWhat can I do to ensure my home sale goes smoothly?What if the new homeowner does not pass the soft credit check?What happens if the new homeowner does not want the Sunrun system?As soon as you’ve received an offer on your home, email our Service Transfers team so we can work with you and your buyer to complete all necessary transfer steps. We also find that service transfers are easiest when the Agreement is disclosed early and made a contingency of the sale.Not to worry, we have a few different options for those who fall into that category. Just have them give us a call and we’ll talk to them about it.We have a 98% transfer success rate.** If you contact us, we can help alleviate any questions or concerns the prospective homeowner may have. If we can’t, we’ll go over your other options and help you find a solution that fits your needs.How do I know which type of agreement I originally signed?How much power does the solar energy system produce?You can find your agreement and other important documents on mysunrun.Many different factors go into the production of each system including things like thenumber of panels, the type of panel, the roof location etc. To find out how much energy the system may produce, check your solar agreement . You can pull this from our online solar platform on mysunrun.Sunrun Customer CareIf you choose to purchase this home, or have questions about the Service Transfer process, please contact us. Our Customer Care department has a dedicated Service Transfer team that makes the transition to solar simple and hassle-free. We are available by phone, email, or chat, during business hours. Our team completes thousands of agreement transfers each month, and has a 98.5% success rate.44Based on completed transfers created by Sunrun through September 30, 2013 with “moving” as the reason for transferring the Agreement. Includes no upfront, low upfront and prepaid systems.1.855.4SUNRUN ext. 3***************************Click here to login tomySunrun and start a chat。

制作一个用纸板和毛线制作的迷你风筝初中英语作文

制作一个用纸板和毛线制作的迷你风筝初中英语作文Title: Creating a Simple Model of the Solar SystemHave you ever looked up at the night sky and wondered about the wonders of our solar system? Today, let's embark on an exciting journey of exploration as we learn how to create a simple model of the solar system. Using basic materials and a dash of creativity, you'll have the opportunity to bring the planets and their orbits to life right in your own home. Get ready to dive into the cosmos and discover the beauty and marvels of our celestial neighborhood!Materials you will need:1. Different-sized balls (such as Styrofoam or foam balls) for the planets2. Paints or markers3. Toothpicks or wooden skewers4. Cardboard or a sturdy base5. String or yarn6. Glue7. ScissorsNow, let's explore the process of creating your very own model of the solar system:Step 1: Prepare the planets. Start by selecting balls of various sizes to represent the planets of our solar system. Assign each ball to a specific planet based on its size, with larger balls representing gas giants like Jupiter and smaller ones representing rocky planets like Mercury. Use paints or markers to color each ball according to the appearance of its corresponding planet, taking inspiration from real images or illustrations.Step 2: Create the sun. Choose a larger ball to represent the sun, the central star of our solar system. Paint or color the ball in bright shades of yellow or orange to mimic the sun's fiery surface. This will serve as the focal point of your solar system model, around which the planets will orbit.Step 3: Construct the orbits. Cut several pieces of string or yarn to different lengths, representing the orbits of the planets around the sun. Attach one end of each string to thesun using glue, then attach the other end to the appropriate planet using toothpicks or wooden skewers. Arrange the strings in a circular pattern around the sun, with each planet positioned at its respective distance from the central star.Step 4: Assemble the model. Secure the sun and planets onto a sturdy base, such as a piece of cardboard, using glue or tape. Arrange them in order of their distance from the sun, starting with the closest planet (Mercury) and ending with the farthest (Neptune). Take care to space them out evenly and align them along their designated orbits to create a realistic representation of the solar system.Step 5: Add finishing touches. Once the sun and planets are securely in place, add any additional details or embellishments to enhance your model. You can include features such as rings for Saturn, moons for each planet, or labels to identify the planets by name. Get creative and personalize your model to make it uniquely yours!Step 6: Display and admire. Find a prominent place to display your completed solar system model, where you can admireits beauty and marvel at the wonders of the cosmos. Whether it's on a shelf in your room or as a centerpiece for a school project, your model is sure to spark curiosity and inspire awe in anyone who sees it.Congratulations, you've successfully created a simple model of the solar system! Enjoy the process of exploration and discovery as you showcase the beauty and complexity of our celestial neighborhood. Let your imagination take flight as you gaze upon your creation and contemplate the mysteries of the universe. Happy crafting and happy stargazing!。

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How to size your solar (home) system
This is a sample to show your how to size your solar home system, how much do you need for each solar component.
Sample Sizing Calculation
In order for you to size the system correctly, you need to note the power rating of each appliance that will be drawing power from the system.
For this example, we will calculate the power requirements for a campervan with:
2 x 15W 12VDC Fluorescent Lights
1 x 60W 12VDC Water Pump
1 x 48W 12VDC Fridge
1 x 600W 240VAC Microwave
1 x 50W 240VAC TV
(Note that a 600W microwave will consume approximately 900W of power)
1. Calculate Loads :( Calculate total DC and AC loads)
DC Loads:
Lighting - 2 x 15W DC Lights - each used 2 hours per day = 60Wh/day
Pump - 1 x 60W DC Pump - used 1/4 hour per day = 15Wh/day
Fridge - 1 x 48W Fridge - runs 8 hours per day = 384Wh/day
Total for DC Loads = 459Wh/day
AC Loads:
Television - 1 x 50W - used 2 hours per day = 100Wh/day
Microwave - 1 x 900W - used 15 min per day = 225Wh/day
Total for AC Loads = 325Wh/day
Allowing for inverter efficiency of 85% = 382Wh per day (ie. 325 / 0.85)
Total for AC and DC Loads = 841Wh per day
2. Calculate Required Solar Input
In Central to Northern GD expect a usable average of around 5 peak sun hours per day.
Required solar panel input = (841Wh / 5h) * 1.4 = 235W
Note: The 1.4 used in this formula is a factor we have found that can be used to simplify the calculations for basic systems. To ensure that adequate power is produced in the winter months, use a figure of around 4.0 to 4.5 peak sun hours per day instead of 5.
3. Select Solar Panels
Select solar panels to provide a minimum of 235W. Always best to go bigger if possible:
2x123W panels chosen which, when connected in parallel, will provide 246W or 14.32 Amps.
4. Select Inverter
Select an inverter that is more than capable of supplying the maximum anticipated combined AC load required. In this example, maximum load would occur if the microwave and TV were running at the same time.
Load in this case would be 900W + 50W = 950W.
Note that this calculation assumes that the inverter selected has a suitable surge rating to cope with the start-up surges of the microwave or other loads. A 1000W inverter would appear to be suitable, but a 1200W - 1500W inverter would be recommended.
1200Watt pure sine wave inverter chosen.
Note: A pure sine wave inverter is the preferred choice, but if the budget is tight, a modified sine wave unit could be used.
5. Select Solar Regulators
The rated short circuit current of the 123W solar panels is 8.1 Amps each, giving a total of 16.2 Amps. Select a solar regulator that is more than capable of handling the total short circuit current: 16.2 x 1.25 = 20.25 Amps.
30Amp regulator chosen.
Note that, as described in the notes above, you must allow 25% extra capacity in the regulator rating as solar panels can exceed their rated output in particular cool sunny conditions. A 30A regulator will allow for an additional panel in the future.
6. Select Battery
Select a battery, or a matched combination of batteries, that is capable of supplying the total power usage without being discharged more than 70%.
In most cases it is recommended that the batteries are sized such that they have around 3 to 4 days back-up capacity. This allows for days with low sunlight and reduces the daily depth of discharge resulting in longer battery life. With 3 days storage capacity, the battery sizing would be as follows:
Ah Required = (841Wh * 3 / 12V) / 0.7 * 1.1 = 330Ah.
Note: The 1.1 is used in this formula as batteries are generally only about 90% efficient.
Notes: The appliance ratings used in the above examples may not be accurate. They have been used for example purposes only. Check the ratings on your appliances before performing any calculations.
GRID SOLAR SYSTEM:。

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