国际商务课件纯英文版第三章
商务英语教学chapter3PPT课件
Reading and writing skills
• 推断作者意图：学生应通过阅读理解作者的意图和观点， 培养批判性思维能力。
Reading and writing skills
规范格式
学生应了解商务英语写作 的规范格式和要求，如邮 件、报告、提案等。
准确表达
学生应能够用准确、专业 的英语表达自己的观点和 信息，避免语法和拼写错 误。
条理清晰
学生应学会组织文章结构， 使内容条理清晰、逻辑严 密。
Cross cultural Communication in Business English
跨文化意识
尊重文化差异：学生应学会尊重文化差异，避免因文化 误解而引起的冲突和误解。
With the development of cross-border e-commerce, Business English has also been widely used in online business transactions. It is not only a language tool for communication, but also a necessary skill for modern businessmen.
communicate and conduct business.
The Definition and Characteristics of Business English
Business English is a specialized variety of English used in international business and trade activities. It is a bridge between different cultures and industries, and is characterized by accurate language, formal style, and practical application.
unit-three-(国际商务英语)PPT课件
.
3
which of these phrase fit best in the following sentences
be over结束 call back回电 cut off 切断 get through give up放弃 hang up挂断 hold on look up pick up put through 接通
➢ Attention please Both British and American people talk about calling
someone, but giving someone a ring tends to be used only in the UK. If an American telephonist asks you Are you through? She means Have you finished your call? But a British telephonist means Have you been connected?
call ____.
.
4
be finished connect with disconnect find lift reach replace the receiver return the call stop trying wait
awful electronic music again, I will ___. 9. If you get a wrong number, its polite to say “ I am sorry, I have dialled the
wrong number” before you ___. 10. If an American telephonist asks “ Are you through?, she wants to know if you
国际商务交际 Unit 3
Beijing
of Beijing
March 30 11:00 a.m.
March 30 3:00 a.m.
2 hours ahead 6 hours behind
of Beijing
Beijing
Building your skills
Task 3 Different people have different objectives in a telephone call. Please f ind out the objectives of these people`s calls in the situations below. The f irst one is done for you as an example.
2. To arrange to get the rest of the delivery sent as soon as possible. 3. To complain about the poor service (possible). Situation 2
A user of HB printers, makes a call to HB customer helpline, as he keeps suffering from a problem of paper jams.
国际商务谈判,课件,Unit 3
Unit Three Establishing positions
7. Watch Version 2 again. Make a list of the different ways in which Andrew involves the Levien team in his presentation.
He encourages interruptions and questions. Andrew and Karen work as a team. He shows he is in control, but flexible enough to change direction.
Unit Three Establishing positions
6. Watch Version 2. How has Andrew’s style changed?
His style is now inclusive. He involves Levien in the presentation. He makes good contact with his audience.
Unit Three Establishing positions
2. What is the best way to make sure you get feedback on your position?
Simply ask for it. Make sure when you are presenting that you check frequently that the audience is following and has an opportunity to ask questions and comment.
国际商务PPT第三章
3-12
How Does Political Economy Influence Economic Progress?
Democratic regimes are probably more conducive to long-term economic growth than dictatorships, even the benevolent kind
landlocked countries grew more slowly than coastal economies being totally landlocked reduced a country’s growth rate by 0.7% per year tropical countries grew more slowly than countries in temperate zones
Innovation and entrepreneurship help increase economic activity by creating new markets and products that did not previously exist
innovation in production and business processes result in more productive labor and capital further boosting economic growth rates
3-10
How Does Political Economy Influence Economic Progress?
Innovation and entrepreneurship require a market economy
国际商务PPTChapter03
and network of interpersonal contacts; competition between individuals less ability to build
teams to perform collective tasks.
3-14
Individuals And Groups
There may be a relationship between the culture and the cost of doing business in a country or region.
Culture is not static. – MNEs can contribute to cultural change. (Western fast-food companies)
While all societies are stratified to some extent, they differ by: the degree of mobility between social strata the significance attached to social strata in business
Societies differ in terms of the degree to which the group is viewed as the primary means of social organization.
国际商务谈判：理论、案例分析与实践(第五版)英文版课件Chapter 3
Rotation of host and guest venues
Organize a group of four
Two sellers,two buyers
Require -ments
Read background information
Simulation
Silk selling
Discuss the following with your partner
Information of financial credit:
character:inte grity
capacity:abili ty to repay
capital:Biblioteka ound ness of financial position
Market survey:
preliminary screening of various markets
Target levels
Determine the importance of
interests
Desirable target --- a potential one
Acceptable target
--- making all effort to achieve
Bottom target
--- the least target to achieve
Directories and newsletters
Important information to collect
Local laws and regulations:
political and economic outlook
government interference
国际商务函电课件Unit (3)
We learn from Brother Co. that you are a leading exporter of table cloth. Would you please send us details of your various ranges, including sizes, colors , prices, and samples of the different qualities of material used? We are large dealers in textiles and believe there is a promising market between us. If your prices are competitive and your goods up to standard, we shall order on a regular basis. When quoting, could you give the following details: 1. Terms of payment 2. Discount 3. Delivery time when we purchase 1000 dozen of table cloth We hope to hear from you soon.
Attachment: illustrated catalogue and price list
Dear Sir or Madam:
Thank you for your email of Mar 15, We are glad to enter into business relations with you. We have enclosed our latest illustrated catalogue and price list. Also, we are separately sending you some samples and feel confident that when you have examined them you will agree the products are in high quality. You will obtain a discount of 5% if your order is more than 1000 dozen. We accept payment by irrevocable L/C payable against shipping documents. As to delivery, we usually deliver all our order within 3 months after receipt of the covering L/C. If you would like to have more information, please let us know.
国际商务管理课件(8个PPT)英文
Where to find the low-cost manufacturers?
(p11, Book 1)
Shelby Cobra
Shelon：
(1) Targeted airplane manufacturers;
(2) Found Poland’s idled manufacturing plants used to produce M-G airplanes for Russia;
(3) Set up a joint venture with Poland’s airplane manufacturer;
(4) Kirkhams brothers had the car taken apart, and shipped to Poland.
After 10 months, new cars were produced with aluminum. The costs were less than 1/10 of costs producing the cars using glass fiber. Now the new company has become the largest private employer in the region.
国际商务管理课件（8个PPT） 英文
Lesson 1 Introduction
Reading: Chap. 1 & 2, Text; Chap. 1, 2, 6 & 16, Ref. Book 1
Overview: Significance of International Business Modes of International Business International Management Models
国际商务英语课文电子版lesson (3)
The past decades witnessed growing importance of regional economic integration. To better enjoy the benefit of tree flow of goods, services, capital, labour and other resources, countries have signed various agreements to liberalize trade among themselves while possibly putting up barriers to economic activities with non-members.Regional economic integration falls under four types given below in the order fromleast to most integrative:The first and loosest form is the free trade area. Members of a free trade area removes barriers to the flow of goods and services among themselves while each member still adopts its own policy as regards to trade with outsiders (non-members). In other words different members may have different tariff rates or quota restrictions. Consequently, non-member countries may take advantage of this situation andtry to enter the market of the area from the member country with the lowest barrier before selling the goods to a member with a higher barrier. The most notable free trade area is the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the largest free market formed by the United States, Canada and Mexico in 1991 with over 360 million consumers and a total GDP of more than 6 trillion US dollars.The second form is theCustoms Union that goes a step further by adopting the same trade policy for all the members toward countries outside their organization in addition to abolishing (removing) trade barriers among themselves. Since imports from other countries are subject to the same tariff no matter which member they export to, it is impossible for non-members to get into the market of the customs union in a detour as they possibly do in thecase of trade with a free trade area. Such an example is Mercosur formed by Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay in 1991.The common market is further up the scale of regional economic integration. Besides free movement of goods and services and adoption of common external trade policy, factors of production such as labour, capital and technology are free to move amongmembers so that they can be utilized in a more efficient and productive way. The overall benefit enjoyed by all the members as a whole is quite obvious, but it is hard to say individual members will always benefit, still less to expect them to enjoy the advantage of factor mobility (movement; flow) to the same degree. In the past, the European Community remained a common market for some years.The highest form of economic integration is called the economic union which is characterized by integration of the domestic policies of its members in respect of economy, finance etc. in addition to absence of trade barriers, practice of common external policy and free production factor mobility. The members of an Economic Union are required not only to harmonize their taxation, government expenditure,industry policies, etc, but also use the same currency. With the adoption of the single European currency euro by most members of the EU, we can say it is well on its way towards the realization of an economic union.It can be seen that the member countries of an economic union are required to surrender some of their national sovereignty, which is eroding the tradition of the world politicalsystem based on the autonomy and supreme power of sovereign states.So people begin to talk about a still higher form of integration ——the political union, members of which will not only be integrated economically, but also harmonize their foreign policy and national defence. With that realized, the members would more or less come together and form a new political entity.The European Union is sofar the most prominent (outstanding) example of regional economic integration in the world. Its history dates back to the early post-war years. The first community, the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) was established in 1952, which set the stage for more ambitious integration efforts. The signing of the monumental Treaty of Rome in 1957 marks the establishment of the European Economic Communitywith the aim of gradually realizing the free movement of goods, services, labor and capital as well as the integration of economic policies of the member countries. Ten years later in 1967, the European Community was formed by merging EEC, ECSC and the European Atomic Energy Community (EURATOM). 1992 was a landmark year in the development of the EC when it became a true common market as envisaged by the SingleEuropean Act. Then on January 1, 1994 the European Union (EU) came into being on the strength of the Maastricht Treaty. By then EU had 12 members including the six signatories of the Treaty of Rome. France, Germany, Italy, the Benelux countries and six other countries that joined later. (Britain, Ireland and Denmark in 1973, Greece in 1981, Spain and Portugal in 1986). The membership increased to 15 with the participation of Austria,Finland and Sweden in 1995. From the beginning of 1999 most of the members began to use the common European currency for accounting and settlement and in 2002, euro banknotes and coins were put into circulation.The European Union is a full-fledged entity.Its executive body is the European Commission composed of 20 commissioners overseeing (supervise) 23 departments incharge of different affairs. Though appointed by member governments, the commissioners are responsible to the Union instead of their home country.The most powerful institution (body) of the EU is the Council of Ministers. It has the final say on all important matters. Decisions of the council are made by votes allocated to member countries on the basis of their size. Different ministers attend the council meetingsdepending on the matters discussed. The council even has the power to pass legislation, which is quite different from the case of all the major countries of the world.The European Parliament, despite the title, is but an advisory body with limited power. However, it is empowered to veto EU membership application and trade agreements with non-members. And it is believedthe European Parliament will be more powerful in the future.The successful integration of European economies eliminated (remove) the cost of cross-border transactions, realized better economies of scale and made the European companies more efficient through more intense competition. The European Union has become an economic rival of the United States. Its total GDP has exceeded that ofthe American country. And though still a long way to go towards political union, the EU members have begun to harmonize their foreign and security policies. It is no exaggeration to say EU will play an important role in the multi-polarization of the world.Asia-Pacific Economic Co-operation (APEC) has caught more and more attention for the past decade, especially in China since the country is playing anactive role in it.APEC was set up at the Ministerial Meeting held in the Australian capital Canberra attended by 12 members of Australia, the United States, Canada, Japan, Republic of Korea, New Zealand and six ASEAN countries. As put by the “Seoul Declaration” passed in 1991, its tenet and objectives are “inter-dependence, mutual benefits, adhering to an open and multilateral trading system andreduction of regional trade barriers”. In 1991, China joined APEC as a sovereign state while Chinese Taipei and Hong Kong joined it as territory economies. Now APEC has altogether 21 members including all the major Pacific Rim countries and regions.APEC has a five-layer organisational structure. The first is the Informal Meeting of Economic leaders held annually. China hosted the 2001 meetingin Shanghai and made a great success. The second is the Dual-Ministerial Meeting attended by foreign ministers (excluding Chinese Taipei and Hong Kong) and ministers in charge of foreign trade. The third is the Meeting for Ministers responsible for Trade. The fourth is the Senior Officials Meeting (SOM) attended by vice ministers, departmental directors or ambassadors to implement (carry out) decisions byeconomic leaders and ministerial meetings. The fifth layer refers to the four subordinate committees under SOM, i.e. committee of Trade and Investment, Economic Committee, Economic and Technical Cooperation Sub-committee of SOM and Budget Management Committee. As its name suggests, APEC was not exactly an organization but an official forum, though the Chinese translation used thatterm. However, it has been developing towards being an organization since the establishment of its secretariat in Singapore that serves as an auxiliary body. APEC co-operation concentrates on trade and investment liberation and facilitation (TILF)and economic and technical cooperation (ECOTECH)that are commonly termed as “the two wheels of APEC”.Besides regional economicintegration, countries may form a commodity cartel to control the production, pricing and sale of particular goods so as to seek higher and more stable prices for the relevant goods. The most influential commodity cartel is the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) composed of thirteen members established in 1960 with headquarters at Vienna. By assigning production quotas among its members, OPEC triedto limit the overall crude oil supply of the world for the purpose of maintaining higher oil prices. Despite internal contradictions and competition from non-OPEC oil producing countries, the influence on oil prices by OPEC that accounts for 40% of the global oil production is something the world cannot afford to neglect.。
国际商务谈判PPT课件-第3章谈判实力
国际商务谈判代表经常使用的硬实力谈判策略包 括
粗鲁地展示其资产及能力 展示市场份额、对销售渠道的控制等 威胁延期付款或暂不通过协议 提出不合理的要求 设置不合理的期限
3.2.6 硬实力和软实力
软实力：是一种为实现特定目标采取的行为方 式,通过合作与吸引而不是采取强迫的手段来取 得想要的结果
3.4.4 谈判桌外的方案
谈判实力的一个重要来源是,不仅仅依赖谈判取 得良好的谈判结果
谈判代表进行谈判是为了达成国际商务交易,但 除了谈判,还有其他许多可能的方式促成交易的 达成
谈判桌外的行动将对谈判过程及谈判的最终结 果产生决定性的影响
3.4.5 最佳替代方案
谈判实力取决于谈判的一个结构要素,即谈判 者的最佳替代方案
强势的最佳替代方案可以使谈判团队减少为满 足需要而对某个具体谈判的依赖,谈判团队的 实力由此得以增强
强势的最佳替代方案帮助谈判团队获得较优条 件,如果对手提出异议,谈判团队可直接退出谈 判
最佳替代方案是谈判结果的最佳预测工具
3.4.5 最佳替代方案
最佳替代方案实际上就是谈判者的谈判底线或 底线价格
3.5.4 文化影响
在国际商务谈判中表现出来的情绪也是文化的产物
中国人在谈判过程中,为了维护人际和谐,会始终克制情绪并保 持礼貌
西方谈判者更愿意直接表达愤怒及其他负面情绪
国际商务谈判涉及来自不同种族群体的谈判人员,很容 易造成紧张局面并使谈判代表解决问题的能力减弱,最 终减少达成一致协议的可能性
3.4.3 评估备选方案
在国际商务谈判中,关于备选方案的价值,主要 从以下三个方面进行快速、简单的评估：
国际商务原书英文版MGH版教学课件geringer_ModC
Copyright © 2017 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the
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prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
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prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
Design of Products and Services
Alternative approaches – cross-functional participation in each stage of design, identifying and avoiding many potential sourcing, manufacturing
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prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
Design of Products and Services
Design of a company’s products and services has a fundamental relationship with the types of inputs a company will reqSupply Chains
Operations in each step of the supply chain must be synchronized Measurement of supply chain performance varies by industry and company, because the way success is defined also tends to vary and performance assessment should be aligned with a company’s strategic objectives and the key factors for success
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Common Law: It is based on the cumulative wisdom of judges’ decisions on individual cases through cases history. Statutory laws which are enacted by legislative actions, also vary among the common law countries.
The Legal Environment A domestic firm must follow the laws and customs of its home country. But an international business faces a more complex task: It must obey the laws not only of its home country but also the laws of the host countries in which it operates.
The Technological Environment Table 3.1 shows “Software Piracy Rankings”, involving 20 countries with the Highest Piracy Rates and the Lowest Piracy Rates.
Bureaucratic Law: It is whatever the country’s bureaucrats say it is, regardless of the formal law of the land. “Where Do Old Toyotas Go? Siberia, of Course” Let see some terms of this sections: sanctions, embargo, dual-use, and extraterritoriality.
Chapter 3
Legal, Technological, and Political Forces
“Harry Potter has woven a spell over the publishing industry.” Harry Potter Goes to China One of the best-known celebrities of the new millennium is Harry Potter, a young wizard and the hero of a series of books written by the British author J.K Rowling.
The Political Environment Political Risk There are definitions about “political risk assessment” , and “political risk” including “macropolitical risk”, “micropolotical risk”.
The impacts of MNCs on Host Countries Economic and Political Impacts Cultural Imon in International Business Dispute in international commerce can be very complicated. Typically, four questions must be answered for an international dispute to be resolved:
Examples of Political Risks are shown in table 3.2 Map 3.3 shows countries’ relative political riskless, 2006 And the closing case is “A job for 007”
Is there such a thing as being too popular? Within six months of his Chinese debut the fifth Harry Potter novel-Harry Potter and the Leopard-Walk-Up-To-Dragon-was being snapped up by eager young readers throughout China.
Whether a foreign court order is enforced is determined by the principle of comity. The principle of comity provides that a country will honor and enforce within its own territory the judgments and decisions of foreign courts, with certain limitation. For the principle to apply, countries commonly require three conditions to be met:
Laws Directed Against Foreign Firms Let focus on some terms of nationalization, expropriation and confiscation. Privatization: The conversion of state-owned property to privately owned property is called privation.
1、Which country’s law applies 2、In which country should the issue be resolved? 3、Which technique should be used to resolve the conflict: litigation, arbitration, mediation, or negotiation? 4、How will the settlement be enforced?
Domestically Oriented Laws The laws of the countries in which an international business operates play a major role in shaping the opportunities available to that firm. Laws Directly Affecting International Business Transactions.
1、Reciprocity is extended between the countries; that is, country A and country B mutually agree to honor each other’s court decisions. 2、The defendant is given proper notice. 3、The foreign court judgment does not violate domestic statutes or treaty obligations.
Constraints on Foreign Ownership. Many governments limit foreign ownership of domestic firms to avoid having their economies or key industries controlled by foreigners.
Difference in Legal Systems Details about “Law and Internet” Civil Law: It is based on a codification, or detailed listing, of what is and is not permissible.
Religious Law: It is based on the officially established rules governing the faith and practice of a particular religion. A country that applies religious law to civil and criminal conduct is called a theocracy.