国际商务课件纯英文版第五章
国际商法第五版第五章PPT——ray·august著
• Proposals seeking investment incentives. (Brazil) • Those with a certain percentage of foreign ownership. •
•
(40% in Philippines) Those that exceed a certain amount of capital. ($5M or majority ownership foreign - Argentina) Presidential approval needed for acquisition of majority interest in locally owned company worth more than $10M. (Argentina)
5-4
© 2009 Pearson Education, Inc publishing as Prentice Hall
Typical Terms in BITs
BITs usually define foreign investment and the conditions under which investors from one state can invest in the other state. Often provide fair and equitable treatment clauses and compensation guarantees for expropriation. Many designate the World Bank’s International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) as the arbitral body.
国际商务的环境Chapter 5 Economic environment facing international business-PPT课件
Text: The International Economic Environment
The
trend towards a global business environment Firms’ reasons for going global Measuring international trade Market entry strategies
Warm-up: The ongoing financial crisis
Starting from the bankruptcy of Leman Brothers in America on 5th September. The direct inducement: the subprime mortgage crisis taking place at Wall Street since August.
American housing bubble
Prior to 2019 the soaring housing price Remortgaging real estate, purchased on loan, transformed into a credit card The real estate price has dramatically declined ever since 2019, resulting in the immediate rupture of chain of payment on loan The bursting of American housing bubble spread to the whole domestic financial industry, then worldwide.
国际商务双语课件Intl Bz 5 Political Economy
Chapter Five: The Political Economy of International Trade
Outline of Chapter Five: ☆ Boeing, Airbus, and the World Trade Organization ☆ Instruments of Trade Policy
INTRODUCTION
Free trade p.178 --- government does not attempt to restrict trade
While many nations are nominally committed to free trade, they tend to intervene in international trade to protect the interests of politically important groups.
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国际商务(希尔)英文版PPT5
by Charles W.L. Hill
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Copyright © 2009 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter 5
International Trade Theory
5-14
Comparative Advantage
Assume: Ghana is more efficient in the production of both cocoa and rice In Ghana, it takes 10 resources to produce one tone of cocoa, and 13 1/3 resources to produce one ton of rice So, Ghana could produce 20 tons of cocoa and no rice, 15 tons of rice and no cocoa, or some combination of the two In South Korea, it takes 40 resources to produce one ton of cocoa and 20 resources to produce one ton of rice So, South Korea could produce 5 tons of cocoa and no rice, 10 tons of rice and no cocoa, or some combination of the two
5-7
Absolute Advantage
国际商务谈判：理论、案例分析与实践(第五版)英文版课件Chapter 5
Third component of CPN----Invent options for mutual gain
There are three reasons hindering people from looking for other solutions:
•Fixed distributive plan: the size of the cake is fixed
Chapter Five
First Component of CPN —Separate People from Problem
•Understand the other party:
•put yourself in their shoes,
•not blame them for your problem; •Control emotion:
Invent creative options: Separate inventing options from evaluating them, Develop several options before looking for a solution Look for mutual gain: Identify shared interests, Look for options that would make the decision easier for them
•Allow the other side to let off steam,
•not react to emotional outbursts; •Strengthen communication:
•listen actively and acknowledge what is being said, •Speak about yourself, not about them, •Avoid trying to score points and debating them as opponents
商务英语课程课件Unit5BusinessMeeting
Interactive Case Studies on Effective Business Meetings
通过实际案例研究探讨有效商务会议的关键要素和成功模式，培养问题解决 和决策能力。
Conclusion and Best Practices for Business Meetings
介绍商务会议中的法律事项和合规要求，确保会议的合法性和合规性。
Handling Difficult Situations in Business Meetings
探讨商务会议中的困难局面和挑战，分享解决问题和妥善应对的策略和方法。
Evaluating the Success of Business Meetings
讨论如何评估商务会议的成功程度，包括收集反馈、分析数据和制定改进计 划。
Follow-up and Action Plan for Busin计划，确保会议的成果得到落实和继续推动。
Global Business Meetings and International Relations
掌握商务会议中的有效沟通技巧，包括倾听、表达、提问和处理冲突等，提高会议的互动和效果。
Conflict Resolution Strategies for Business Meetings
了解商务会议中的冲突解决策略和技巧，处理和化解冲突，维护会议的秩序和和谐。
Role of Technology in Business Meetings
提供商务会议中的演讲技巧和展示技巧，包括设计幻灯片、掌握表达技巧等。
Strategic Planning and Decision Making in Business Meetings
国际商务英语课文电子版lesson (5)
International trade can be defined as the exchange of goods and services produced in one country with those produced in another. In the complex economic world, no country can be completely self-sufficient. The distribution of natural resources is uneven. Some countries are abundant in resources, while elsewhere reserves are scarce or even nonexistent. And a country may be rich in some resources but poor in others. For instance, Britain has large reserves of coal but lackssome metal reserves. Kuwait has vast oil deposits but little farm produce. And Japan relies heavily on import for most of the primary commodities. That is the reason why international trade first began.With the development of manufacturing and technology, there arose another incentive (stimulating factor) for trade, i. e. international specialization—one country producing more of a commodity than it uses itself and selling the remainder to other countries. Suchspecialization constitutes an important basis for international trade.Absolute advantage and comparative advantage are two theories of international specialization. Both theories attempt to determine which goods a country should produce for itself and export to other countries and which goods it should import from other countries.The theory of absolute advantage holds that a commodity will be produced in the countrywhere it costs least in terms of resources(capital, land, and labor). This theory is illustrated in the following table. To be more illustrative, let us assume there are only two countries producing two commodities under perfect competition:Output per man-year of labourCountry A Country B Computers5010 Cars2040From the above table, we can see that a man in Country A canproduce 50 computers in a year but only 10 in Country B. On the other hand, one man in Country B can produce 40 cars in a year but only 20 in Country A. So Country A is more efficient in producing computers than Country B, and we say the former has an absolute advantage over the latter. Similarly, Country B is more efficient with cars and has an absolute advantage over Country A. As a result, Country A would specialize in the production of computers and trade some of themfor Country B’s cars, and Country B would s pecialize in cars and exchange some of them for Country A’s computers. Both countries will gain benefits through specialization and trade.But, according to the above theory, trade occurs only when each country has an absolute advantage over the other in the production of one commodity. In reality, it is not rare that one country has no absolute advantage in any commodity. Will trade occur in these cases? Thetheory of comparative advantage has offered a satisfactory answer to this question.The theory of comparative advantage holds that even if a country is less efficient than another in the production of both commodities, i. e. it has absolute disadvantage in producing both commodities, there is still a basis for mutually beneficial trade. The first country should specialize in the production and export of the commodity in which its absolutedisadvantage is smaller, i. e. the commodity of its comparative advantage, and import the commodity in which its absolute disadvantage is greater, i. e. the commodity of its comparative disadvantage. The above theory can be illustrated in this table:Output per man-year of labour Country A Country B Computer5010Cars4020The difference between this table and the previous one is thatCountry B has absolute disadvantage in the production of both computers and cars. Nevertheless, it still has a comparative advantage in cars since it is half as efficient in cars but 5 times less efficient in computers in comparison with Country A. On the other hand, Country A has absolute advantage over Country B in both computers and cars. However, we say it has comparative advantage in computers since it has greater absolute advantage in the commodity than in cars with respect to CountryB. According to the theory, both countries can gain if A specializes in computers and B specializes in cars. Where comparative advantage exists, two trading partners are both able to share in the gains from trade. Trade to exploit(tap) comparative advantage promotes efficiency among countries, since it can make one country better off (well-off - richer) without making another worse off.(poorer)Comparative advantage is not a static concept. A country maydevelop a particular comparative advantage purely through its own actions, independent of (without the influence of) the endowments of nature (natural resources). Switzerland’s comparative advantage in watch-making is a typical example. Similarly, the United States has developed comparative advantage in many lines (fields) that use the most up-to-date technology.The idea of absolute advantage as the basis for economicspecialization has a strong intuitive appeal. But the idea of comparative advantage introduced by the English economist David Ricardo makes more sense. Indeed it has become the cornerstone of modern thinking on international trade.。
国际商务英语口语口译语教学课件第5章 货款1
SCENE 3 Mr. Hughes has placed an order with Mr. Li. He is required to pay by L/C, which
5.1 Payment Modes 付款方式 What are the major payment modes?
SCENE 1 Having agreed on prices, the buyer and the seller are negotiating over terms
of payment and payment modes.
should reach Mr. Li before the date of delivery. Now they are talking about it.
Reading and Discussing Read the script of the conversation and think over these questions: 1. Why is L/C required to reach 30 days before the date of delivery? 2. What should you do to open an L/C? 3. What are the special requirements for L/C?
Li: Yes, but you know, the process of manufacture lasts quite long and it will surely involve considerable amount of money. As an exporter, we’d like to have our investment returned as early as possible.
国际商务英文版教学课件daniels05_pp
• Multilateral agreements aid in ethical
decision-making by dealing with:
– employment practices – consumer protection – environmental protection – political activity – human rights in the workplace.
• The global orientation of MNEs causes many
to believe that they are insensitive to national (local) concerns.
5-3
Fig. 5.1: Home and Host Country Influences on Companies’ Use of FDI
• To examine corporate responses to
globalization
5-2
Introduction
• Multinational enterprises (MNEs) have their
greatest impact on countries when they engage
• Others argue that:
– managers are best equipped to serve the interests of their shareholders and
– governments should deal with social issues and externalities whenever private sector benefits and costs differ significantly from public sector benefits and costs
国际商务PPT第五章
5-3
Which Ethical Issues Are Most Relevant To International Firms?
The most common ethical issues in business involve
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. employment practices human rights environmental regulations corruption the moral obligation of multinational companies
Question: Is it ethical for companies to do business with countries with repressive regimes?
Myanmar Nigeria
Question: Does multinational investment actually help bring change to these countries and ultimately improve the rights of citizens?
5-10
How Are Ethics Relevant To Corruption?
But, is it permissible for multinationals to pay government officials facilitating payments if doing so creates local income and jobs?
China
5-8
How Are Ethics Relevant To Environmental Regulations?
商务英语写作 chapter 5PPT课件
完整版课件
11
5
Chapter
Letters of Shipment
I. Introduction
Four purposes of the letter: ✓ urging shipment ✓ sending shipping instructions ✓ amending shipping clauses ✓ giving shipping advice Letters of shipment should be concise and clear so that there will be no confusion and they will not cause delay in delivery.
完整版课件
18
Language Points
are susceptible to：对...敏感的; 容易受到... • be susceptible to cold 易感冒的
in seaworthy：适合海运的 • 第321号订单项下的货物须用适于海运的木
箱包装。
The goods under Order No.321 shall be packed in seaworthy wooden cases.
• Advantages: safety, cheap, bulk quantity • Disadvantages: loss of goods, unsafe for fragile
items, late booking, unsuitable for short distance or rural areas • Shipping document: • consignment note托运单
• book:预订 • book the order: 接受订货/订单 • book the shipping space:订舱 • book up：预订，预定完 • The hotel is fully booked up.
国际商务谈判英文版最新版教学课件第5章
5-15
Interests, Rights, and Power Models of Disputing: PerPsoernsaolnSaltrsatrtaetgeigeises to refocus your opponent on
interests and away from rights and power (continued):
2. Develop your BATNA. 3. Get an agent and delegate the negotiation
work. 4. Bargain on behalf of someone or something
else, not yourself.
5-5
Motivational Orientation
principles in mind when choosing their approach:
• Principle of reciprocity • Interests are effective for pie expansion • How to refocus your opponent on interests
Interests, Rights, and Power Models of Disputing: StruStcrtuucrtaulraSltsrtarateteggiieess to refocus your opponent on
interests and away from rights and power include:
Rights-based negotiators:
• Apply standards of fairness to an analysis of the negotiation
国际商务交际 Unit 5
Analyze your audience It is important that you know who will be listening to your presentation.
Gather such information as: Who are they? What is their age? How many of them will there be? How familiar are they with the topic? What is their level of knowledge of the subject? The answers to these questions will shape your message to your audience.
商务英语课程课件Unit5BusinessMeeting
Assigning and Tracking Action Items
Ensure accountability by assigning tasks and monitoring progress.
Evaluation and Review of Meeting Success
Assess the effectiveness of the meeting and identify areas for improvement.
Summarize key points, assign actions, and conclude the meeting on a positive note.
Follow-Up After Business Meeting
Documenting Meeting Outcomes
Record decisions made, action items, and any followup tasks.
Conducting a Successful Business Meeting
Opening the Meeting
Welcome participants, set the agenda, and establish meeting norms.
Running the Meeting
Facilitate discussions, manage time, and ensure everyone's participation.
Ask insightful questions to gather
information and stimulate
Persuasion and Negotiation
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Areas
of Social Responsibility
Organizational
stakeholders The Natural Environment General Social Welfare
Managing
Social Responsibility Across Borders Approaches to Social Responsibility Obstructionist Stance Defensive Stance Accommodative Stance Proactive stance
Ethics
in Cross-Cultural and International Contexts A useful way to characterize ethical behaviors in cross-cultural and international contexts is in terms of how an organization treats its employees, how employees treat the organization, and how both the organization and its employees treat other economic agents.
Regulating
International Ethics and Social Responsibility
The
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act The Alien Tort Claims Act The Anti-Bribery Convention of the Organization for Economic and Development The International Labor Organization
Managing Here, we
Compliance
will see about “coming clean at BP” Legal Compliance Ethical Compliance Philanthropic Giving
Informal
Dimensions of Social ResponsibilityFra bibliotek The
Nature of Ethics and Social Responsibility in international Business The fundamental reason for the existence of a business is to create value(usually in the form of profits) for its owners.
Employees Treat the Organization Numerous ethical issues also relate to how employees treat the organization. In some business cultures such actions believe that “if I’m working here, then it’s the company’s responsibility to take care of my needs.”
First, we
examine the nature of ethics and social responsibility in international business. Next, we describe how firms attempt to manage ethical behavior across borders. Finally, we conclude with a summary of some of the major laws that attempt to regulate international ethics and social responsibility.
We
define ethics as an individual’s personal beliefs about whether a decision, behavior, or action is right or wrong. A society generally adopts formal laws that reflect the prevailing ethical standards-the social norms-of its members.
■Individuals
■People
from the same cultural contexts are likely to hold similarbut not necessarily identical-beliefs as to what constitutes ethical and unethical behavior. ■Individuals may be able to rationalize behaviors based on circumstances.
How
an Organization Treats its Employees In practice, the areas most susceptible to ethical variation include hiring and firing practices, wages and working conditions, and employee privacy and respect.
These
definitions suggest the following generalizations:
have their own personal belief system about what constitutes ethical and unethical behavior.
Organization
Leadership and
Culture Whistle-Blowing
Evaluating
Social Responsibility Difficulties of Managing CSR Across Borders A model developed by two Dutch CRS experts, Rob van Tulder and Alex van der Zwart, sohwcases this problem. Their approach suggests there are three main actors in the policy formulation process.
How
Employees and the Organization Treat Other Economic Agents The third major perspective for viewing ethics involves the relationship between the firm and its employees with other economic agents.
ethics, ethics
training, and organizational practices and corporate. Venturing Abroad Should You Pay the Bribe? Think about the cost Bribes Hurt Reputations
Hundreds
of thousands of workers have obtained their jobs in Asian factories through brokers similar to the ones used by this Philippine woman.
How
■Individuals
may deviate from their own beliefs systems based on circumstances. ■Ethical value are strongly affected by national cultures and customs.
Social
Responsibility in CrossCultural and International Contexts Specifically, social responsibility ( sometimes called corporate social responsibility, or CRS ) is the set of obligations an organization undertakes to protect and enhance the society in which it functions.
HIV/AIDS
has grown to epidemic proportions in many countries in Africa. Managing Ethical Behavior Across Borders The most common ways of doing this are through the use of guidelines or codes of
1.The
state, which passes and enforces laws. 2.The market, which through the process of competition and the pricing mechanism utilizes inputs and allocates outputs to members of the society. 3.civil society, which includes churches, charitable organizations, the Boy Scouts, labor unions, NGOs, and so on.