RHCH考题(2012.2.27)
2012研究生入学考试计算题讲解解析
热力学例题一、 计算题1、绝热过程计算，出题概率：70%例题：取0℃，3p ∃的O 2(g) 10 dm 3，绝热膨胀到压力p ∃，分别计算下列两种过程的∆U 、 ∆H 、 ∆A 及∆G 。
(1) 绝热可逆膨胀；(2) 将外压力骤减至p ∃，气体反抗外压力进行绝热膨胀。
假定O 2(g)为理想气体,其摩尔定容热容C V , m =(5/2)R 。
已知氧气的摩尔标准熵()-1-1298K 205.0J.K .mol mS =θ。
解：求解理想气体任何单纯pTV 状态变化过程的状态函数（U 、H 、S 、A 和G ）的改变值，关键是求T 2。
n = pV /RT = 1.339 mol(1)已知始态的温度、压力及终态的压力，应用公式(1)/(1)/1122T p T p γγγγ--=求T 2（计算可逆绝热过程终态温度有三个公式，具体应用那一个，要根据题目给的条件）()(),21ln 21199.5K p m R C p p T T e ⎡⎤⎣⎦==,21()V m U nC T T ∆=-＝1.339⨯5/2R(199.5-273) ＝2.045kJ,21()p m H nC T T ∆=- ＝1.339⨯7/2R(199.5-273) ＝2.864kJ0R Q S T ⎛⎫∆== ⎪⎝⎭()1298273298K m S nS S -=+∆（并不是绝热可逆变化中的熵变） ()()-1,3298K ln 273K 298K ln 190.32J.K mp m p nS nC nR p=++=()(),21121V m A U S T nC T T nS T T ∆=∆-∆=---()()21,118.74kJ V m n T T C S =--=()(),21121p m G H S T nC T T nS T T ∆=∆-∆=---()()21,115.90kJ p m n T T C S =--=(2)U W ∆=()(),21221,21212()V m V m U WnC T T p V V nC T T p V nRT∆=-=---=-（计算不可逆绝热过程终态温度的公式） （2）解得 2221K T = (),21 1.448kJ V m U nC T T ∆=-=- (),21 2.028kJ p m H nC T T ∆=-=-()()()-12172ln ln 3 4.000J K S nR T T pp ⎡⎤∆=+⨯=⋅⎣⎦()()-11,3298K ln 273K 298K ln 190.32J.K mp m p S nS nC nR p=++=()-1-121=+4.000J.K 194.32J.K S S =()2211?k J A U T S T S ∆=∆--= ()2211?kJ G H T S T S ∆=∆--=（在上题中，只要求出了T 2，ΔU ，W ，ΔH ，ΔA ，ΔG 都很容易求，但要注意，对于可逆和不可逆过程，求T 2所用的公式不同，千万不要搞错了。
2012年试题及答案
1.举例说明近程结构对高分子性能的影响答：高分子近程结构属于化学结构，包括构造与构型，构造是研究分子链中原子的类型和排列，高飞子化学结构的分类，结构单元的键接顺序，链结构的成分，高分子的支化，交联与端基等内容；构型是研究取代基围绕特定原子在空间的排列规律。
(1)结构单元的化学组成:不同化学组成直接决定了材料种类与性能，化学组成分子运动能力与宏观性能也会不同。
例如：聚丙烯：是塑料类材料，而聚己内酰胺：则是纤维材料。
可见他们的结构单元不同就会造成性能上的差异。
（2）键接结构：结构的规整性影响材料的结晶性能，从而影响材料强度。
例如一般纤维高聚物要求键接结构具有较高规整性。
结构规整性可能影响聚合物的某些化学性能。
例如：聚乙烯醇缩甲醛：头尾易缩醛化。
（3）端基：例如：（4）支化：（5）构型：PS：等规PS：能结晶， Tm＝175℃，不易溶解；无规PS：软化点80℃，溶于苯。
PP：等规PP： Tm ＝240℃，坚韧可纺丝，也可作工程塑料；无规PP：性软，无实际用途。
2.高分子聚集态结构包括哪些内容？试述高分子聚集态结构有哪些特点及与成型加工条件，性能的关系？3.在聚合物纺丝工艺中，都有都有牵伸和热定型两道工序，为什么？热定型温度如何选择？答：聚合纺丝法只指将变色基团引入聚合物中，再将聚合物纺成纤维。
高聚物在纺丝温度下进入粘流态,从分子结构分析,产生流动的本质是聚合物分子发生了相对位移,正是纺丝温度和纺丝压力提供了使聚合物流动的能量,也就是说外界的能量提供了拆开分子间作用力的动力。
对同一高聚物来说,外部能量提供的多少决定了高聚物流动状态。
聚合物分子间作用力的大小对其流动性会产生明显影响,当高聚物分子间作用力增大时,由于分子间发生相对位移困难,要使高聚物产生同样流动所需外部能量就大,反之就小。
聚合物的流动性能随第三单体含量的增加而变差。
就纺丝而言,由于第三单体的加入,纺丝温度应随第三单体含量的增加而提高。
因此必须要有牵伸和热定型两个工序。
2012年在职硕士GCT英语考试真题及答案
2012年在职硕士GCT英语考试真题及答案(50题，每题2分，满分100分)Part One Vocabulary and StructureDirections:There are ten incomplete sentences in this pαrt. For each sentence there αre fourchoices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Markyour answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1. I realized I had let myself in something from which there was no turning_____.A. aroundB. backC. awayD. down2. You are to stay at the hotel where rooms _________for you.A. have been bookedB. are bookedC. would be bookedD. were booked3. If you ______to my advice，you wouldn't be in this mess right now.A. listenB. listenedC. had listenedD. would listen4. Those close to him are _________ that he hopes to stay on till the end of his term.A. ensuredB. confirmedC. supposeD. convinced5.Working women haven't left the family role behind: now they are _____to workeven harder to do both.A. expectedB. wishedC. hopedD. desired6. Modem technology has brought ______communication between people far apart.A. competentB. convenientC. consciousD. complete7. Under no_______ are children allowed to tell lies to their parents.A. circumstancesB. situationsC. occasionsD. moments8. We need a more capable leader, _____with a strong will as well as good humor.A. whoB. thatC. oneD. which9. The lectures，_____ the current hot issues，were well received.A. that coveredB. coveredC. coveringD. to cover10. Being an intelligent boy，he ______such a foolish mistake.A. needn't have madeB. can’t have madeC. won't have madeD. wouldn’t have madePart Two Reading ComprehensionDirections:In this part there are three passages and one chart ，each followed by jive questionsor unfinished statements. For each of them，there are four choices marked A，B，C andD. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a singleline through the center.Questions 11-15 are based on the following passage:Ever won the lottery? No? But did that stop you buying another lottery ticket? If the answer is another “no"，you might call yourself an optimist.According to researchers at University College London，human beings are sanguine creatures. It is all in the brain，they say. A study suggests that human brain is very efficient at processing good news: about 80% of people have a tendency to see the glass as half-full，not half-empty，even if they don't consider themselves to be optimists.The good news is that this brings a health benefit , Having a positive outlook on life reduces anxiety. A study of nearly 100，000 women showed a lower risk of death from heart disease among optimists.But there are problems in always having an optimistic attitude. The authors of the study point out that the 2008 financial crisis may have been caused by analysts overestimating their assets' performance even in the face of clear evidence to the contrary.There are personal health risks too. Dr Tali Sharot，lead researcher，said: '''Smoking Kills' messages don't work since people think their chances of cancer are low. There's a very fundamental tendency in the brain."But，as they say，every cloud has a silver lining. Even if seeing the world through rose-colored glasses poses a risk to our health，it's not something that is likely to cause us to lose sleep. Let's just keep our chins up and keep smiling!11. What does “sanguine” (para.2) mean ?A .DepressedB Cheerful C. Lucky D. Emotional12. The study mentioned in Paragraph 2 indicates that people______.A. are more optimistic than they believeB. are less optimistic than they believeC. like good news more than they thinkD. like good news less than they think13 .What study mentioned in Paragraph 2 indicates that people _____.A. Collecting false informationB. OveremJ1hasizing evidence.C. Misjudging the situation.D. Giving a pessimistic forecast.14. The author suggests in the last paragraph that we______A. adjust our goals in lifeB. learn to release bad moodC. avoid being overoptimisticD. maintain a positive attitude15 .what is the main of the passage ?A. People tend to be optimistic even in crisis.B. Optimists enjoy life better than pessimists.C. Being optimistic has both benefits and risks.D. Optimism is what keeps us going forward.Questions 16-20 are based on the following passage:The International Olympic Committee (IOC) has launched an investigation into allegations that its officials in more than 50 countries have been selling London Olympics tickets on the black market for profit. The IOC met at an emergency session on Saturday to look into a pile of evidence uncovered by Britain's Sunday Times newspaper. The paper claims that high-ranking Olympic officials have been selling tickets for the games at hugely inflated prices. The highest priced tickets on the black market were for the men's 100-meter final. The roc has issued a statement saying it takes these allegations very seriously and has immediately taken the first steps to investigate. "IOC rules forbid national Olympics committees from selling tickets overseas，increasing ticket prices or selling tickets to unauthorized，third-party resellers. Despite this，Sunday Times undercover report posing as illegal ticket sellers say they have recorded evidence of 27 officials selling tickets distributed to 54 countries One of the most serious allegations was against the Greek Olympic Committee president Spyros Capralos. He denies saying he had "pulled strings" with the head of the London Olympics Sebastian Coe even though the paper posted videos of its reporters' negotiations with Capralos on its website. Mr Capralos has so far refused to comment.16 The IOC is investigating its own officials for _______.A. running the black marketB. secretly meeting reportersC. illegally selling ticketsD. criticizing Sunday Times17. The word “allegations “(Para.1)”probably means “_______”A. discussionsB. claimsC. announcementsD. opinions18. Sunday Times revealed _______.A. details about IOC's emergency sessionB. evidence against some IOC officialsC. ticket prices for men's 100-meter finalD. pricing policy of the London Olympics19. Which of the following is NOT against the IOC rules concerning its officials?A. Selling tickets internationally.B. Raising the prices of the tickets.C. Selling tickets to unofficial resellers.D. Giving tickets to their friends.20 .Faces with the evidence against him , Capralos _____A. blamed other officialsB. admitted the factsC. issued a statementD. gave no responseQuestions 21-25 are based on the following passage:Pressed by competition and its own success，the popular search engine Google has created an automated way to search for new employees who are fully appropriate as well as high-achieving.In a project，the 100，000 people who fill in online job applications for Google each month will be asked to complete a complicated questionnaire(问卷) exploring their attitudes，behaviour，personality and backgrounds going back to their school days.The questions range from whether applicants have ever set a world record，to whether their workspace is messy or tidy or what magazines they read. Answers are studied by Google's mathematicians to calculate a score meant to predict how well a person will fit into the organization's diversified and competitive culture.Psychometric tests(心理测试) are already used by more traditional companies to select workers，but they are unheard of in a company like Google，which is built on a belief in individual talent. The online questionnaire is based on the answers to 300 questions sent out last summer to every employee at the head office in California's Silicon Valley. Some questions were factual: What programming languages are you familiar with? What internet mailing lists are you on?Other questions，however，tried to establish personality and behavioural characteristics: Have you ever tutored another person?"We wanted to cast a very wide net，" said Laszlo Bock，Google'sVice-President for People Operations."It is not unusual to walk into our office and bump into dogs. Maybe people who own dogs have some personality feature that is useful."21 Google has created a new way of recruiting in order to_____.A. find the most appropriate employeesB. better compete with other companiesC. spread its unique co叩orate cultureD. conduct an online research project22. The information gained from the questionnaire will be _____.A. analyzed in a reportB. summed up in a figureC. organized into a chartD. kept in its raw state23 . What is true about the Google online questionnaire?A. It was based on a survey of its employees.B. It focuses on background questions.C. It was designed by some mathematiciansD. It has been filled out by 100，000 people24. What distinguishes Google online questionnaire?A. Preferring those who own pets.B. Stressing overall personal qualities.C. Asking more complex questions.D. Believing in high-achieving experience.25.By "casting a wide net"(last paragraph)，Laszlo Bock meansA. recruiting a wide range of talentsB. finding candidates with peculiar personalityC. identifying candidates with wide interestsD. picking out as many applicants as possibleQuestions26-30are based on the following chart :Cigarette Smoking by Grade Level: 2005-2009□2005 □2007 ■.2009(说明：2005年为白框，2007年为灰框，2009年是黑框，扫描问题无法显示。
2012年考题(解析版)
2012年学位英语考试考题Part I Reading ComprehensionPassage 1【1-5 BCBAD】For centuries Dutch engineers have been fighting a war against water. Their main enemy is the sea. A large part of the country is below sea level. In fact, Holland is also called the “Netherlands” which means “low land.” Very tall and strong walls, called dykes, have built to keep out the sea. But in very rough weather the sea may suddenly burst through a dyke. Great damage can be caused by floods when this happens.Three large rivers are also part of the problem. These rivers are the Rhine, the Maas and the Scheldt. They flow through Holland into the North Sea. They have cut many passages across the country. At low tides, the rivers flow into the sea as usual. But at high tide, the sea can flow into the rivers! This is because the land is so low.The battles against the water never end, but they have made Holland a bigger and bigger country. In order to prevent floods, the engineers take or reclaim land that was under water. The Dutch have been reclaiming land for seven hundred years.Land is usually reclaimed from a passage between islands. Two dykes are built across the passage, so they block the water between them. Then the engineers dig long canals and pump the water into them. At low tide, the canals empty the water into the sea.Because the land is so low, water from the sea and rivers can rise up through the ground. For this reason, the pumps continue working even the land has been drained (that is, when the water has been pumped away). The dykes contain gates, and through these the water is pumped out. In many parts of Holland, pumps must be working all the time. If they stopped, there will be very bad floods.1. Water is the main threat to Holland because ____.A. the sea is too roughB. the land is lower than the seaC. the high and strong dykes can not keep the floods outD. the weather is too rough1.【答案】B第一段中提到：Their main enemy is the sea. A large part of the country is below sea level.他们主要的敌人就是海洋。
2012年同等学力英语真题及详解_by_tigeress
Paper One 试卷一（90minutes）PartⅠDialogue Communication (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 for each)Section A Dialogue CompletionDirections: In this section, you will read 5 short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the answer that best suits the situation to complete the dialogue. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.1. A: Frank，where are the cookies? Don't tell me you ate them all!B: _______They were so good.A. Yes，forget it.B. Yes，I couldn't help it.C. No，I'm sorry.D. No，don't be mad2. A: The train is delayed again.B: _____How long do we have to wait?A: About forty minutes.A. What a pity!B. How annoying!C. I'm sorry to hear that.D. So far so good.3. A: When Lisa saw me at the mall，she didn't even say hello to me.B: I can’t understand why______. I thought you were good friends.A. you greeted her firstB. B. she was also there at the timeC. she gave you the cold shoulderD. you should have cared4. A: I used to make delicious pies, but this one tastes terrible.B: I think you're really .A. out of dateB. out of touchC. out of handD. out of practice5. A: Dr. Smith, what's wrong with my father?B: Well, ______ considering his advanced age.A. he's in pretty good shapeB. B. don't ask me such a questionC. I have no ideaD. I have nothing to say for the momentSection B Dialogue ComprehensionDirections: In this section, you will read 5 short conversations between a man and a woman. At the end of each conversation there is a question followed by 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answer to the question from the 4 choices by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.6. Woman: Bob，if you weed the garden，I'll do the dishes.Man: It's a deal.Question: What does the man mean?A. He agrees to the proposal.B. He rejects the idea.C. He thinks it's unfair.D. He stands to gain.7. Woman: Can I go skiing with you and your fiends this weekend?Man: The more，the merrier.Question: what does the man mean?A. There are already too many people.B. He can't promise the woman now.C. The woman is welcome to join them.D. The woman can come next time.8. Man: This suitcase cost me 200 dollars.Woman: 200 dollars for a piece of junk like that? That’s a rip-off!Question: What does the woman mean?A. It's a bit expensive.B. It's a real bargain.C. It's not worth the price. D: It's unexpected.9. Woman: The house seems in a bad shape.Man: Yes, we've decided to rebuild it from scratch……Question: What would the man probably do-to the house?A. He would scratch the paint off its surface.B. He would tear it down first.C. He would make some repairs.D. He would rebuild it by himself.10.Ted: I ate four hamburgers，Mom.Mother: Well，you've made a pig of yourself.Question: What do we learn from the conversation?A. Pigs love hamburgers too.B. Ted looks overweight.C. The hamburgers were delicious.D. Ted ate too many hamburgers. Part II Vocabulary (20 minutes, 10 points, 0.5 for each)Section ADirections:In this section, there are 10 sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter with asingle bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWERSHEET.11. In his closing remarks，the chairman expressed his thanks to all those who hadcontributed to the success of the conference.A. commentsB. speechC. criticism D lecture12. Both Tom and his brother take after their father not only in appearance but alsoin character.A. commentsB. speechC. criticismD. lecture13. The hurricane was incredibly devastating and left thousands homeless.A. forceful B .memorize C .protect D. observe14. Readers are required to comply with the rules of the library and mind theirmanners.A. evaluateB. memorizeC. protectD. observe15. Economic factors aside, the imbalanced distribution of educational resourcesalso affects fairness of education.A .unjustB .impartial C. protect D. observe16. Watching me pulling the calf awkwardly to the barn, the Irish milkmaid foughthard to hold back her laughter.A. checkB. keepC. stopD. retain17. The government has called for an independent inquiry into the incident.A. requirementB. examinationC. analysisD. investigation18. A great number of houses would have to be removed to make way for the newamusement park.A. take the place of B .give space for C. build up D. work out 19. Drug use accounts for approximately three-quarters of all reported cased of HIV in the country.A. possibly B .roughly C .generally D. contained20 .For their own safety, household pets should be confined to their own yard.A. tamedB. regainedC. restricted D .containedSection BDirections: In this section, there are 10 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are 4 choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.21. By a strange_______, both candidates have come up with the same solution tothe problem.A. coincidenceB. EncounterC. chanceD. overlap22. The discussion was so prolonged and exhausting that ______the speakers stoppedfor refreshments.A. at large B .at intervals C. at ease D. at random23. Mr Tunick filed suit against the New York police department after cityofficials________ his request.A. turned downB. turned inC. turned offD. turned out24. The fire man had a _______escape when a staircase collapsed beneath his feet.A. CloseB. NarrowC. hardD. near25. Many painters, rock singers, and dancers have distinct hair style, ________totheir group.A. particularB. essentialC. specialD. peculiar 26. That he brought the company big profits wouldn't ______ putting the company'smoney into his own pockets.A. justifyB. clarifyC. testifyD. amplify27. We’re _______50 new staff this year as business grows. A. taking over B. taking in C. taking on D. taking up28. Is the theory of evolution direct _____ with religious teachings, or does it leaveroom for debate?A .comparison B. distinction C. disturbance D. contradiction 29. Libraies are an investment for the future and should not be allowed to fallinto______.A. dissolutionB. decayC. declineD. depression30. A transplant operation is successful only doctors can prevent the body formrejecting the ______ organ.A. borrowedB. strangeC. novelD. foreignPart III Reading Comprehension (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 for each)Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 6 questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneA 10-year-old boy decided to study judo(柔道) despite the fact that he had lost his left arm in a terrible car accident. The boy began lessons with an old Japanese judo master，and he was doing well. But he couldn't understand why，after three months of training，the master had taught him only one move. "Sir，" the boy finally said，"shouldn't I be learning more moves?"“This the only move you know，but this is the only move you'll ever needto know，" the master replied.Not quite understanding，but believing in his teacher，the boy kept training. Several months later，the master took the boy to his first tournament(锦标赛). Surprising himself，the boy easily won his first two matches. The third match proved to be more difficult，but after some time，his opponent became impatient and charged; the boy skillfully used his one move to win the match. Still amazed by his success the boy was now in the finals.This time，his opponent was bigger，stronger，and more experienced. For a while，the boy appeared to be overmatched. Concerned that the boy might get hurt, the referee alled a time-out, He was about to stop the match when the judo master intervened."No," the judo master insisted，"Let him continue."Soon after the match resumed，his opponent made a critical mistake: he dropped his guard. Instantly，the boy used his move to pin him. The boy had won the match and the tournament. He was the champion.On the way home，the boy and his judo master reviewed every move in each and every match. Then the boy summoned the courage to ask what was really on his mind."Sir，how did I win the tournament with only one move?""You won for two reasons," the master answered."First，you've almost mastered one of the most difficult throws in all of judo. Second，the only known defense for that move is for your opponent to grab your left arm.”31．Why did the boy want to learn judo?A. He wanted to get over the accident.B. He wanted to make up for his disability.C. He wanted to exercise his right arm.D. The reason was not mentioned in the passage32. When a referee calls a "time-out”________.A. the time has run outB. the game stops for a short timeC. either side can claim victoryD. the game ends in a tie33. Why did the master insist on continuing the match? ________.A. He didn't want to give the opponent an advantage.B. The boy was confident of winning.C. He had confidence in the boy's skill.D. All he cared about was winning the final.34. What probably caused the defeat of the boy's opponent in the final? _______.A. Over-confidence.B. Impatience.C. Inexperience.D. Exhaustion.35. Why did the master teach the boy only that one move?A. The boy could not do other moves with only one arm.B. It was the only move the master knew well.C. It was the move his opponent would not be good at.D. His opponent would be helpless once he made that move.36. What does the passage mainly tell us？A. One can turn a weakness into an advantage.B. It is very difficult to have a good teacher.C. Even a disabled person can win a match.D. Practice makes perfect.Passage TwoMy five-year-old daughter knew exactly what she wanted for Christmas of 1977, and told me so. Yes，she still would like the pink-and-green plastic umbrella，books，long nightgown，slippers-fine. But really，there was only one thing that mattered: a Barbie Townhouse, with all the accessories.This was a surprise. Rebecca was not a Barbie girl，preferred stuffed animals to dolls，and wasn't drawn to play in a structured environment. Always amake-up-the-rules，design-my-own-world，do-it-my-way kid. Maybe，I thought，the point wasn't Barbie but the house，which she could claim，for herself，sinc e we’d already moved five times during her brief life.Next day，I stopped at the mall. The huge Barbie Townhouse box was there. "3 Floors of High-Styled Fun! Elevator Can Stop on All Floors!" Some Assembly Required. Uh-oh. My track record for assembling things was miserable. Brooklyn-born，I was raised in apartment buildings in a family that didn't build things. A few years earlier，I'd spent one week assembling a six-foot-tall jungle gym from a kit containing so many parts. I spent the first four hours sorting and the last two hours trying to figure out why there were so many pieces. The day after I finished building it，as if to remind me of my limitations，a tornado(龙卷风) touched down close enough to scatter the jungle gym across an acre of field.I assembled the Barbie Townhouse on Christmas Eve. Making it level，keeping the columns from looking like they'd melted and been refrozen，and getting that elevator to work were almost more than I could manage. And building it in curse-free silence so my daughter would continue sleeping--if，in fact，she was sleeping-added a layer of challenge . By dawn I was done. Shortly thereafter，my daughter walked into the living room. Her surprise may not be real ，but her delight was utterly genuine and moves me. to this day，34 years later. Rebecca had spurred me to do something. I didn't think I could do. It was for her，and—like so much of the privilege of being her farther--it brought me further outside myself and let me overcome doubts about me capacities .37. In the author’s eyes, his little daughter was_______A. obedientB. unstableC. originalD. stubborn38. The author thought that his daughter’s choice of the Barbie Townhouse________.A. was natural for a five-year-old girlB. was influenced by her life experienceC. reflected the change in her tasteD. brought her back normal39. For the author，assembling things_______.A. was largely in his bloodB. was a challenge he enjoyedC. was always his weak pointD. was part of his family education40. Assembling the Barbie Townhouse_______.A. brought out the author's potentialsB. turned out to be easier than expectedC. actually drove the author crazyD. was a bad memory for the author41. In the last paragraph the author mainly expressed______.A. his pride in being a fatherB. B. his gratitude to his daughterC. his concern about his capabilityD. his delight in helping his daughter42. What can be learned about the relationship between the author and his daughter?A. They are on good terms with each other.B. They barely speak to each other.C. They are polite but cold to each other.D. They keep secrets from each other.Passage ThreeIt is all very well to blame traffic jam, the cost of petrol and the fast paceof modem life, but manners on the roads are becoming deplorable. Everybody knows that the nicest men become monsters behind the wheel. It is all very well, again , to have a tiger in the tank，but to have one in the driver's seat is another matter. You might tolerate the odd road-hog(占道者)，but nowadays thewell-mannered motorist is the exception to the rule. Perhaps the situation calls for a "Be Kind to Other Drivers" campaign，otherwise it may get completely out of hand.Road courtesy is not only good manners，but good sense too. It takes the most good-tempered of drivers to resist the temptation to hit back when subjected to uncivilized behavior. A friendly nod or a wave of acknowledgement in response to an act of courtesy helps to create an atmosphere of goodwill and tolerance so necessary in modem traffic conditions. But such acknowledgements of courtesy are all too rare today. Many drivers nowadays don't even seem able to recognize courtesy when they see it. Contrary to general opinion，young drivers have better manners than their seniors. But this is short-lived in the world of modern driving where many drivers neither expect nor give any mercy. This may be encouraged on the battlefield but is out of place on the roads.Lorry drivers say they have almost abandoned the practice of signaling carsto overtake when the road is clear, because many of the cars took too long to pass. They couldn't be bothered to select a lower gear. The car drivers, after overtaking, slowed down again and hogged the road. Again, a motoring magazine has recently drawn attention to the increasing number of drivers who never wait for gaps." They manufacture them by force，using their direction indicators as a threat rather than a warning." Punch-ups(打群架) are quite common. It can't be long before we hear of pistols and knives being used.Driving is essentially a state of mind. However technically skilled a driver may be，he can't be an advanced motorist if he is always arrogant and aggressive.43. The author is most concerned about________.A. traffic jamB. road mannersC. fast pace of lifeD. high cost of petrol44. The word "deplorable" (Para. 1) most probably means ________.A. more seriousB. more temptingC. disturbingD. noticeable45. What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? ________.A. Many drivers tend to fight back against rude behaviors.B. A little courtesy may help ease the tensions on the road.C. Goodwill and tolerance may help relieve traffic jam.D. Many drivers nowadays lack a good sense of courtesy.46. It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that ________.A. young drivers are more aggressiveB. young drivers would soon lose their good mannersC. elder drivers are more cautiousD. elder drivers should improve their driving skills47. An example of good manners on the roads is_______.A. signaling cars to overtakeB. manufacturing a gapC. selecting a lower gearD. using the direction indicator48. According to the author，a good driver should_______.A. be technically skilledB. have a good state of mindC. be sympathetic with othersD. take good care of his vehiclePassage FourOn how the world has changed over the last 50 years，not all of it has been good. As you are looking for organic food information, you have obviously become aware that a better alternative exists and you are taking a critical look at the source and production practices of the compan ies producing the world’s food supplies.The purpose of organic food information is to give you an understanding of what is going into your food. You will see that there are many benefits to organic food that you didn't know before. The basis behind knowing about organic food information is the fact that farmers are resorting to using artificial fertilizers and pesticides(杀虫剂) to control disease and insect attack in order to produce more crops to satisfy growing demand. These artificial fertilizers leave something poisonous in and on the fruit and vegetables we consume which in turn is absorbed and stored by our bodies.Eve n the quality of food has gone down in recent years. Today’s fruits have nowhere near the Vitamin C levels they did at one time. However，with organic food information you learn that organic food has fifty percent more nutrients，minerals and vitamins than any other form of produce that has been grown under intensive farming. If you are eating non-organic produce you will have to eat more fruit in order to make up for this deficiency. But then the dangerous cycle continues since you will be eating more chemicals that are worse for your health than they are good for you.Another aspect of organic food information is the production of meat and poultry (家禽). Most only consider produce when it comes to organic foodinformation disregarding the antibiotics and hormones that are given to both cattle and poultry that are being force fed. Ask yourself what happens to all these antibiotics and hormones when the animal is killed，the remaining of these antibiotics and growth hormones reside in the meat which are then consumed，digested and stored in human bodies. There is no way that an animal that isn't kept in healthy conditions can produce healthy food for humans to eat.You have nothing to lose by trying organic product，not only will it be healthy for you but you will also be able to eat produce and meat the way they are supposed to be. You will likely be so impressed with the taste of organic fruit that you will never return to the mass-produced fruit again. While cost and availability can be a big issue for some，you can do a bit of research online and find a local store that stocks organic produce for a reasonable price.49. It is stated in Paragraph 1 that organic food ________.A. is considered as a better choiceB. is mostly supplied by world-famous companiesC. has become popular over the last 50 yearsD. reflects the change of production practices50. Farmers use artificial fertilizers and pesticides to________.A. satisfy people's critical demandB. develop better farming technologyC. get a higher crop yieldD. keep people in better health51. According to Paragraph 3，organic food________. .A. has gone down in qualityB. has more nutrientsC. can replace mass-produced foodD. lacks Vitamin C52. What does the author say about meat and poultry? ________.A. Organic meat and poultry is hardly available.B. A great amount of meat is consumed every year.C. Merciless killing of the animals lowers their quality.D. They may contain antibiotics and growth hormones.53. In the last paragraph, people are advised to ________. .A. eat traditional produce and meatB. return to mass-produced fruitsC. do the cost and availability researchD. try organic product for better health and taste54. This passage is mainly about________. .A. the benefits of organic food informationB. the challenges facing the world food industryC. changes in food production practicesD. a growing demand high quality foodPassage FiveDrinking waste water? The idea may sound distasteful，but new federally funded research says more Americans are doing so-whether they know ornot-and this reuse will be increasingly necessary as the U.S. population expands.Treated wastewater poses no greater health risks than existing water supplies and, in some cases, may be even safer to drink，according to a report released by the National Research Council. “We believe water reuse is an option to deal with growing water scarcity, especially in coastal areas”, says Jorg Drewes, anengineering professor at the Colorado School of Mines. "This can be done reliably without putting the public at risk”，he says，citing technological advances. He says it's a waste not to reuse the nation's wastewater，because almost all of it is treated before discharge. This water includes storm runoff(径流) as well as used water from homes，businesses and factories.In many places，the report says，the public does not realize it's drinking water that was treated after being discharged as wastewater somewhere upstream. For example，wastewater discharged into the Trinity River from Dallas/Fort Worth flows south into Lake Livingston，the source for Houston's drinking water. Despite the growing importance of this reuse，the report says there's been no systemic analysis of its extent nationwide since a 1980 study by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Alan Roberson of the American Water Works Association says wastewater reuse is common, so the council's report is important but not surprising. Roberson expects this recycling will continue to increase，especially for irrigation and industrial needs. He says it will take longer to establish potable(适于饮用的) uses because of public nervousness about drinking wastewater, however treated.“We have to do something to address water scarcity”, says Olga Naidenko, a senior scientist at the non-profit Environmental Working Group. “Less than 10 of potable water is used for drinking，cooking，showering or dishwashing. We flush it down the toilet，literally.” Technologies exist to safely treat the water，she says，although some are expensive.The report says water reuse projects tend to cost more，than most water conservation options but less than seawater desalination(脱盐) and other supply alternatives. It calls on the EPA to develop rules that set safe national standards.55. As can be learned from Paragraph 1, drinking wastewater_______.A. is to become a growing necessityB. is well received by the AmericansC. has caused heated public debatesD. has become the dominant option56. Which of the following statements would Jorg Drewes agree to?_______.A. Water reuse may eventually put the public at risk.B. Water reuse is preferable to wasting water.C. Water reuse is far from a solution to water shortage.D. Water reuse is possible only after greater tech advances.57. Lake Livingston is mentioned to show that the public________.A. accepts the fact of drinking wastewater calmlyB. is concerned about the safety of the drinking waterC. does not believe that wastewater is safe to drink.D. is not aware of the nature of their drinking water58. According to Alan Roberson, ________.A. it is not safe to drink wastewaterB. the report has surprised the publicC. the report helps build up public confidenceD. the public has yet to accept drinking waste water59. Olga Naidenko’s remarks emphasize________.A. the recent progressB. the existing problemsC. the new perspectiveD. the potential risks60. What does the report suggest to the EPA?________.A. Weighing different water conservation options.B. Exploring new technologies to treat wastewater.C. Setting up national standards for water reuse.D. Monitoring water supplies at a national level.Part IV Cloze (15 minutes, 15 points, 1 for each)Directions: In this part, there is a passage with 15 blanks. For each blank there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.Why do kids hate Brussels sprouts(芽甘苦)? Because Brussels sprouts are bitter，and kids generally don't like bitter tastes. But it's not their _61 _. Researchers say that a dislike for bitter and sour is a survival instinct，since most toxic substances _62_ that way too. On the other hand，sweetness typically indicates that something is _63_ to eat, so children are born with a_64_ for sweets.What we like to eat changes over time. As we age, we realize that _65 _ something tastes bitter or sour，it won't kill us，and we learn to _66_ it. When we're older，we _67_ some of our smell sensitivity .Humans need smell to experience flavor, which is different from taste. With our senses diminished，we'll probably begin _68_ sugar and salt to our food，to heighten the flavor._69_, there's a theory that the reason many especially "big"—tasting wines in recent years have won awards is that wine critics are getting older and finding subtle flavors _70_ to sense.If someone is_71_ to detect flavors at all，he may have a taste _72_，which can be caused by a tongue injury or brain damage. Or it could be a problem with_73_. The channel that separates the mouth from the nose allows us to smell behind our nose and is _74_ enjoying most complex flavors. That's why food seems _75_ when we have a stuffy nose-except chicken noodle soup. It's so salty.61. A. fault B. choice C. habit D. regret62.A. feel B. look C. sound D. taste63. A. strange B. necessary C. safe D. ready64. A.capacityB. preferenceC. awarenessD. consideration65. A. nowthatB. in caseC. if onlyD. even though66. A.enjoyB. improveC. treatD. alter67.A. form B. lose C. reduce D. gain68. A.puttingB. balancingC. addingD. limiting69. A. InessenceB. InconclusionC. In factD. In short70. A. softer B. nicer C. worse D. harder71. A.unlikelyB. unableC. impossibleD. improbable72. A.disorderB. symptomC. therapyD. illusion73. A. mood B. taste C. flavor D. smell74. A. subjecttoB. liable toC. crucial forD. beneficial for。
2012年北京市春季普通高中会考(新课程)生物 Word版含答案
2012年北京市春季普通高中会考生 物 试 卷第一部分 选择题 （1~30题每小题1分，31~40题每小题2分，共50分）下列各题均有四个选项，其中只有一个是符合题意要求的。
1．下列属于生物大分子的一组物质是A ．水、糖类B ．蛋白质、核酸C ．纤维素、蔗糖D ．脂肪、无机盐2．脑啡肽是一种具有镇痛作用的药物，它的基本组成单位是氨基酸。
下面是脑啡肽的结构简式，形成这条肽链的氨基酸分子数以及缩合过程中生成的水分子数分别是A ．3和2B ．4和3C ．5和4D ．6和53．原核细胞和真核细胞最主要的区别是A ．有无细胞膜B ．有无核物质C ．有无核膜D ．有无核糖体4．储存和复制遗传物质的主要场所是A ．核糖体B ．染色体C ．细胞核D ．线粒体5．纸层析法可分离光合色素，以下分离装置示意图中正确的是A BC D6．酵母菌进行有氧呼吸和无氧呼吸的共同终产物是A ．二氧化碳B ．水C ．酒精D ．乳酸7．取同一植物组织，滴加不同浓度的蔗糖溶液制成临时装片，在显微镜下观察。
下列图示中，细胞周围的溶液浓度低于细胞液浓度的是A B C D 8．下列关于细胞分裂、分化、衰老和凋亡的叙述，正确的是A．细胞的衰老和凋亡是正常的生命现象B．细胞分化使各种细胞的遗传物质产生差异C．细胞分化仅发生于早期胚胎形成过程中D．所有体细胞都不断地进行细胞分裂9．细胞的全能性是指A．细胞具有各项生理功能B．已分化的细胞能恢复到分化前的状态C．已分化的细胞全部能再进一步分化D．已分化的细胞仍具有发育成完整个体的潜能10．蔬菜和水果长时间储藏、保鲜所需要的条件为A．低温、干燥、低氧B．低温、湿度适中、低氧C．高温、干燥、高氧D．高温、湿度适中、高氧11．肺炎双球菌的转化实验证明了A．DNA是遗传物质 B．RNA是遗传物质C．蛋白质是遗传物质 D．糖类是遗传物质12．在豌豆杂交实验中，为防止自花授粉应A．将花粉涂在雌蕊柱头上 B．除去未成熟花的雄蕊C．采集另一植株的花粉 D．人工授粉后套上纸袋13．某动物的基因型为AaBb，这两对基因独立遗传。
2012年北京学士学位英语考试真题及参考答案
北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统一考试2012.5.12PartⅠ Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer sheet。
Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:The most famous collections of fairy tales are the ones by Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm. The Grimms published their first fairy-tale collection in 1812.They disappearing German folk culture. Their first edition (版本) was a scholarly book that carefully recorded the oral tales. They were surprised when some of their early readers suggested that the stories might be interesting to children。
But the Grimms needed money. They had made a bad deal with their publisher and received little payment for their first book. At one point Wilhelm complained there wasn’t a chair in his house one could sit on without worrying it would break. So he took the hint and set to work to make a book that would be suitable for children. He selected a few of the tales, made them much longer , and polished up the language. He didn’t add morals , but he did slip in character judgments and mo ralizing comments wherever he could。
北京市2012年春季普通高中毕业会考物理试卷及答案
北京市2012年春季普通高中毕业会考物理试卷及答案（考试时间：90分钟）第I卷（选择答案题共54分）一、本题共15小题，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项．．．．．．是符合题意的。
（每小题3分，共45分）1. 下列物理量中属于矢量．．的是（）A. 电场强度B. 动能C. 路程D. 时间2. 下列关于惯性的说法中，正确的是（）A. 只有物体静止时，才具有惯性B. 只有物体做匀速直线运动时，才具有惯性C. 物体的惯性与物体的运动状态无关D. 质量相同的两个物体，由于受力情况不同，所以惯性不同3. 如图1所示，把一条导线平行地放在磁针的上方附近，当电流通过导线时，磁针会发生偏转。
首先观察到这个实验现象的物理学家是（）A. 奥斯特B. 爱因斯坦C. 伽利略D. 牛顿4. 下列几种运动中，机械能守恒的是（）A. 汽车在平直路面上加速行驶B. 物体做自由落体运动C. 雨滴匀速下落D. 物体沿斜面匀速下滑5. 如图2所示，一个小物块从固定的光滑斜面的顶端由静止开始下滑，不计空气阻力，小物块在斜面上下滑过程中受到的力是（）A. 重力和斜面的支持力B. 重力、下滑力和斜面的支持力C. 重力、下滑力和正压力D. 重力、下滑力、支持力和正压力6. 作用在同一个物体上的两个共点力，两个力的大小均为F ，它们之间的夹角是120°。
则这两个力的合力大小是 （ ）A. 2FB. 3FC.21F D. F 7. 如图3所示，天花板上悬挂着一劲度系数为k 的轻弹簧，弹簧下端拴一个质量为m 的小球。
小球处于静止状态时（弹簧的形变在弹性限度内），轻弹簧的伸长等于（ ）A. mgB. kmgC.k mgD. m gk 8. 如图4所示的四个图象中，表示物体做匀加速直线运动的图象是（ ）9. 在公路上常会看到凸形和凹形的路面，如图5所示。
一质量为m 的汽车，通过凸形路面的最高处时对路面的压力为N 1，通过凹形路面最低处时对路面的压力为N 2，则（ ）A. N 1 > mgB. N 1 = mgC. N 2 > mgD. N 2 = mg10. 如图6所示，在光滑水平面上放着一个质量为m 的木箱，大小为F 的拉力与水平方向成α，木箱从静止开始运动，在运动位移为x 的过程中，拉力做的功为（ ）A. sin Fx αB.sin FxαC. cos Fx αD.cos Fxα11. 真空中有两个静止的点电荷，它们之间静电力的大小为F ，如果保持这两个点电荷之间的距离不变，而将它们的电荷量都变为原来的3倍，那么它们之间的静电力的大小变为（ ）A. 3F B. 3F C. 9FD. 9F12. 如图7所示，电源电动势E=3V 、内电阻r=0.5Ω、定值电阻R=1.5Ω，不计电流表内阻，则闭合电键S 后，电流表读数为（ ）A. 1.5AB. 2.0AC. 4.0AD. 6.0A13. 把长0.10m的直导线全部放入匀强磁场中，保持导线和磁场方向垂直. 已知磁场的磁感应强度B的大小为5.0×10-3T，当导线中通过的电流为3.0A时，该直导线受到的安培力的大小是（）A. 3.0×10-3NB. 2.5×10-3NC. 2.0×10-3ND. 1.5×10-3N请考生注意：在下面14、15题各有①、②两道小题。
2012年英语二真题及答案【完整打印版】
2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试(英语二)试题Section 1 Use of EninglishDirections :Read the following text. Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10 points)Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but that‘s not how it used to be .To the men and women who(1)in World War II and the people they liberated ,the GI.was the(2) man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who(3) all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the (4) of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier ,not someone well paid ,(5) an average guy ,up (6)the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries.His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation(7) Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article (8) to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for a guy who never( 9) it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac a working class name.The United States has( 10) had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe.GI .joe had a (11)career fighting German ,Japanese , and Korean troops . He appers as a character ,or a (12 ) of american personalities, in the 1945 movie The Story of GI. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle(13)portrayde themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the (14)side of the warl, writing about the dirt-snow –and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were(15)or what towns were captured or liberated, His reports(16)the ―willie‖ cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men(17)the dirt and exhaustion of war, the (18)of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. (19)Egypt, France, and a dozen more countries,G.I. Joe was any American soldier,(20)the most important person in their lives.1.[A] performed [B]served [C]rebelled [D]betrayed2.[A] actual [B]common [C]special [D]normal3.[A]bore [B]cased [C]removed [D]loaded4.[A]necessities [B]facilitice [C]commodities [D]propertoes5.[A]and [B]nor [C]but [D]hence6.[A]for [B]into [C] form [D]against7.[A]meaning [B]implying [C]symbolizing [D]claiming8.[A]handed out [B]turn over [C]brought back [D]passed down9.[A]pushed [B]got [C]made [D]managed10.[A]ever [B]never [C]either [D]neither11.[A]disguised [B]disturbed [C]disputed [D]distinguished12.[A]company [B]collection [C]community [D]colony13.[A]employed [B]appointed [C]interviewed [D]questioned14.[A]ethical [B]military [C]political [D]human15.[A]ruined [B]commuted [C]patrolled [D]gained16.[A]paralleled [B]counteracted [C]duplicated [D]contradicted17.[A]neglected [B]avoided [C]emphasized [D]admired18.[A]stages [B]illusions [C]fragments [D]advancea19.[A]With [B]To [C]Among [D]Beyond20.[A]on the contrary [B] by this means [C]from the outset [D]at that pointSection II Resdiong ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. answer the question after each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on his educational ritual. Unfortunately, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a student‘s academic grade.This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have in completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it is going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.District administrators say that homework will still be a pat of schooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, students can easily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped. Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a flat, across-the-board rule.At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework. If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students‘ academic achievement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely, if homework does nothing to ensure that the homework students are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board, which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right.21.It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_____.[A] is receiving more criticism[B]is no longer an educational ritual[C]is not required for advanced courses[D]is gaining more preferences22.L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students_____.[A]tend to have moderate expectations for their education[B]have asked for a different educational standard[C]may have problems finishing their homework[D]have voiced their complaints about homework23.According to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it may____.[A]discourage students from doing homework[B]result in students' indifference to their report cards[C]undermine the authority of state tests[D]restrict teachers' power in education24. As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether______.[A] it should be eliminated[B]it counts much in schooling[C]it places extra burdens on teachers[D]it is important for grades25.A suitable title for this text could be______.[A]Wrong Interpretation of an Educational Policy[B]A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students[C]Thorny Questions about Homework[D]A Faulty Approach to HomeworkText2Pretty in pink: adult women do not rememer being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls‘ lives. Tt is not that pink is intrinsically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls‘ identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Looking around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls‘ lives and interests.Girls‘ attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until the early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. What‘s more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses.When nursery colours were introduced, pink was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant children‘s marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years.I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kins, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into children‘s behaviour: wrong. Turns out, acdording to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a marketing trick by clothing manufacrurers in the 1930s.Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a ―third stepping stone‖ between infant wear and older kids‘ clothes. Tt was only after ―toddler‖became a common shoppers‘ term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults,into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences – or invent them where they did not previously exist.26.By saying "it is...the rainbow"(Line 3, Para.1),the author means pink______.[A]should not be the sole representation of girlhood[B]should not be associated with girls' innocence[C]cannot explain girls' lack of imagination[D]cannot influence girls' lives and interests27.According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true of colours？[A]Colours are encoded in girls' DNA.[B]Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls.[C]Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders.[D]White is prefered by babies.28.The author suggests that our perception of children's psychological development was much influenced by_____.[A]the marketing of products for children[B]the observation of children's nature[C]researches into children's behavior[D]studies of childhood consumption29.We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to_____.[A]focus on infant wear and older kids' clothes[B]attach equal importance to different genders[C]classify consumers into smaller groups[D]create some common shoppers' terms30.It can be concluded that girls' attraction to pink seems to be____.[A] clearly explained by their inborn tendency[B]fully understood by clothing manufacturers[C] mainly imposed by profit-driven businessmen[D]well interpreted by psychological expertsText 3In 2010. a federal judge shook America's biotech industry to its core. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades-by 2005 some 20% of human genes were parented. But in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable. Executives were violently agitated. The Biotechnology Industry Organisation (BIO)，a trade group，assured members that this was just a ―preliminary step‖ in a longer battle.On July 29th they were relieved，at least temporarily. A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision，ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed holb patents to two genss that help forecast a woman's risk of breast cancer. The chief executive of Myriad，a company in Utah，said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike.But as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine，the courts will remain rather busy. The Myriad case itself is probably not over Critics make three main arguments against gene patents：a gene is a product of nature，so it may not be patented；gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it；and patents' monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriad's. A growing number seem to st year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case，arguing that an isolated DNA molecule ―is no less a p roduct of nature... than are cotton fibres that have been separated from cotton seeds. ‖Despite the appeals court's decision，big questions remain unanswered. For example，it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of indivi dual genes within it. The case may yet reach the Supreme Court.AS the industry advances ,however,other suits may have an even greater panies areunlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules-most are already patented or in the public domain .firms are now studying how genes intcract,looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a drug‘s efficacy,companies are eager to win patents for ‗connecting the dits‘,expaains hans sauer,alawyer for the BIO.Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO rtcently held a convention which included seddions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed.31.it canbe learned from paragraph I that the biotech companies would like-----A.their executives to be activeB.judges to rule out gene patentingC.genes to be patcntablcD.the BIO to issue a warning32.those who are against gene patents believe that----A.genetic tests are not reliableB.only man-made products are patentableC.patents on genes depend much on innovatiaonD.courts should restrict access to gene tic tests33.according to hans sauer ,companies are eager to win patents for----A.establishing disease comelationsB.discovering gene interactionsC.drawing pictures of genesD.identifying human DNA34.By saying ―each meeting was packed‖(line4,para6)the author means that -----A.the supreme court was authoritativeB.the BIO was a powerful organizationC.gene patenting was a great concernwyers were keen to attend conventiongs35.generally speaking ,the author‘s attitude toward gene patenting is----A.criticalB.supportiveC.scornfulD.objectiveText 4The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before it ends,it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults. And ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics,our culture, and the character of our society for years.No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways; they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The MoralConsequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S. ,lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes.Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one,. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross them--- especially for young people. The research of Till V on Wachter, the economist in Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind.In the internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden winthin American society. More difficult, in the moment , is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society‘s character. In many respects, the U.S. was more socially tolerant entering this resession than at any time in its history, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly it, and all the more so the longer they extend.36.By saying ―to find silver linings‖（Line 1,Para.2）the author suggest that the jobless try to___.[A]seek subsidies from the govemment[B]explore reasons for the unermployment[C]make profits from the troubled economy[D]look on the bright side of the recession37.According to Paragraph 2,the recession has made people_____.[A]realize the national dream[B]struggle against each other[C]challenge their lifestyle[D]reconsider their lifestyle38.Benjamin Friedman believe that economic recessions may_____.[A]impose a heavier burden on immigrants[B]bring out more evils of human nature[C]Promote the advance of rights and freedoms[D]ease conflicts between races and classes39.The research of Till V on Wachther suggests that in recession graduates from elite universities tend to _____.[A]lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities[B]catch up quickly with experienced employees[C]see their life chances as dimmed as the others‘[D]recover more quickly than the others40.The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is____.[A]certain[B]positive[C]trivial[D]destructivePart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the left column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEERT 1.(10 points)―Universal history, the history of what man has accomplished in this world, is at bottom the History of the Great Men who have worked here,‖ wrote the Victorian sage Thomas Carlyle. Well, not any more it is not.Suddenly, Britain looks to have fallen out with its favourite historical form. This could be no more than a passing literary craze, but it also points to a broader truth about how we now approach the past: less concerned with learning from forefathers and more interested in feeling their pain. Today, we want empathy, not inspiration.From the earliest days of the Renaissance, the writing of history meant recounting the exemplary lives of great men. In 1337, Petrarch began work on his rambling writing De Viris Illustribus –On Famous Men, highlighting the virtus (or virtue) of classical heroes. Petrarch celebrated their greatness in conquering fortune and rising to the top. This was the biographical tradition which Niccolo Machiavelli turned on its head. In The Prince, the championed cunning, ruthlessness, and boldness, rather than virtue, mercy and justice, as the skills of successful leaders.Over time, the attributes of greatness shifted. The Romantics commemorated the leading painters and authors of their day, stressing the uniqueness of the artist's personal experience rather than public glory. By contrast, the Victorian author Samual Smiles wrote Self-Help as a catalogue of the worthy lives of engineers , industrialists and explores . "The valuable examples which they furnish of the power of self-help, if patient purpose, resolute working and steadfast integrity, issuing in the formulation of truly noble and many character, exhibit,"wrote Smiles."what it is in the power of each to accomplish for himself"His biographies of James Walt, Richard Arkwright and Josiah Wedgwood were held up as beacons to guide the working man through his difficult life.This was all a bit bourgeois for Thomas Carlyle, who focused his biographies on the truly heroic lives of Martin Luther, Oliver Cromwell and Napoleon Bonaparte. These epochal figures represented lives hard to imitate, but to be acknowledged as possessing higher authority than mere mortals.Communist Manifesto. For them, history did nothing, it possessed no immense wealth nor waged battles:―It is man, real, living man who does all that.‖ And history should be the story of the masses and their record of struggle. As such, it needed to appreciate the economic realities, the social contexts and power relations in which each epoch stood. For:―Men make their own history, but they do not make it just as they please; they do not make it under circumstances chosen by themselves, but under circumstances di rectly found, given and transmitted from the past.‖This was the tradition which revolutionized our appreciation of the past. In place of Thomas Carlyle, Britain nurtured Christopher Hill, EP Thompson and Eric Hobsbawm. History from below stoodalongside biographies of great men. Whole new realms of understanding — from gender to race to cultural studies — were opened up as scholars unpicked the multiplicity of lost societies. And itSection ⅢTranslation46.Directions:Translate the following text from English into Chinese.Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2.(15 points)When people in developing countries worry about migration,they are usually concerned at the prospect of ther best and brightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals and universities in the developed world ,These are the kind of workers that countries like Britian ,Canada and Australia try to attract by using immigration rules that privilege college graduates .Lots of studies have found that well-educated people from developing countries are particularly likely to emigrate .A big survey of Indian households in 2004 found that nearly 40%of emigrants had more than a high-school education,compared with around 3.3%of all Indians over the age of 25.This "brain drain "has long bothered policymakers in poor countries ,They fear that it hurts their economies ,depriving them of much-needed skilled workers who could have taught at their universities ,worked in their hospitals and come up with clever new products for their factories to make .Section ⅣWritingPart A47. Directions:Suppose you have found something wrong with the electronic dictionary that you bought from an online store the other day ,Write an email to the customer service center to1)make a complaint and2)demand a prompt solutionYou should write about 100words on ANSERE SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter ,Use "zhang wei "instead .48.write an essay based on the following table .In your writing you should1)describe the table ,and2)give your commentsYou should write at least 150 words(15points)12年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试(英语二)试题标准答案Section I Use of English1-5BBA AC 6-10BCADB 11-15DBCDB 16-20ACBBDSectionⅡReading comprehensionpartA21-25ACA BD 26-30ABACC 31-35CBADD 36-40DDBDAPart B41-45：AFGCESection ⅢTranslation发展中国家的人们担心“移民”，通常是在关注他们前往硅谷或者发达国家的医院和大学后，自己最为美好的，光明的前景会是如何。
2012年GCT考试真题和参考答案
2012年GCT考试语文真题和参考答案（A卷文字版）第一部分语言表达能力测试(50题，每题2分，满分100分)一、选择题1.下面各组词语，没有错别字的一组是A.船坞沉寂人才倍出浑水摸鱼B.惊垫没落干均一发无人问津C.挑衅振动改弦更张味同嚼蜡D.匮乏坚韧迥迥有神百战不殆2.下面加点的词，意义相同的一组是A.①整个建筑建造精美，典雅大方，又带有时代气息。
②易玛活泼大方，总是有说有笑，是个令人愉快的姑娘。
B.①临时政府实力单薄，根本无法控制首都以外的地区。
②有些章节内容单薄，一些问题虽提出，但未能展开充分的论证。
C.①学员们集中精力，端正学风，取得了比较好的学习成绩。
②南洋杉的树形端正、细长，姿态秀丽，是世界著名的观赏树木。
D.①张正一口纯正流利的英语配音，给观众留下了深刻的印象。
②政府正努力建设更多的知识园地，给孩子们以清雅纯正的文化环境。
3.下面各句，语义明确、没有歧义的一句是A.他跟我去天津开过学术研讨会。
B.这些人连厂里的领导都不认识。
C.他曾先后在深圳、广州搞调研。
D.筐中苹果余下的一半给了老王。
4.下面各句，没有语病的一句是A.那一刻，我们几个第一次看到他露出的真正属于破子般的灿烂笑容。
B.机动车进胡同，对机动车噪声是否只有被动接受，居民们早有微词。
C.我们的教育工作者积极发现人才、培养人才，这本身就是一种贡献。
D.殖民时代的业余运作方式，直接导致了澳门低忐平的竞技体育运动。
5.下面各句，加点成语使用不恰当的一句是A.缅甸和我国接壤的地区，也就是臭名昭著的"金三角"地区，鸦片种植曾一度十分猖獗。
B.汽车越来越时尚化，连最保守的德国人都在汽车外形设计上做出了令人张口结舌的改变。
C.亚洲杯决赛的30分钟，中国足球队的后防线险象环生，不断出现被对方突破的情形。
D.欧元下跌狂潮不仅使己陷入金融危机的欧洲经济雪上加霜，也给我国造成了负面影响。
6.下面诗句中，"锦书"一词意思与其他三句差别较大的一句是A.青家曾无尺寸归，锦书多寄穷荒骨。
2012高考(全国新课标卷)理综生物试题(附答案)
2012高考（全国新课标卷）理综生物试题1．同一物种的两类细胞各产生一种分泌蛋白，组成这两种蛋白质的各种氨基酸含量一样，但排列依次不同。
其缘由是参加这两种蛋白质合成的A．tRNA种类不同B．mRNA碱基序列不同C．核糖体成分不同D．同一密码子所确定的氨基酸不同2．下列关于细胞癌变的叙述，错误的是A．癌细胞在条件相宜时可无限增殖B．癌变前后，细胞的形态与构造有明显差异C．病毒癌基因可整合到宿主基因组诱发癌变D．原癌基因的主要功能是阻挡细胞发生异样增殖3．哺乳动物因长时间未饮水导致机体脱水时，会发生的生理现象是A．血浆浸透压降低B．抗利尿激素分泌增加C．下丘脑浸透压感受器受到的刺激减弱D．肾小管与集合管对水的重汲取作用减弱4．当人看到酸梅时唾液分泌会大量增加。
对此现象的分析，错误的是A．这一反射过程须要大脑皮层的参加B．这是一种反射活动，其效应器是唾液腺C．酸梅色泽干脆刺激神经中枢引起唾液分泌D．这一过程中有“电—化学—电”信号的转化5．取生长状态一样的燕麦胚芽鞘，分为a、b、c、d四组。
将a、b两组胚芽鞘尖端下方的一段切除，再从c、d两组胚芽鞘中的相应位置分别切取等长的一段，并按图中所示分别接入a、b两组胚芽鞘被切除的位置，得到a’、b’两组胚芽鞘。
然后用单侧光照耀，发觉a’组胚芽鞘向光弯曲生长，b’组胚芽鞘无弯曲生长，其缘由是A．c组尖端能合成生长素，d组尖端不能B．a’组尖端能合成生长素，b’组尖端不能C．c组尖端的生长素能向胚芽鞘基部运输，d组尖端的生长素不能D．a’组尖端的生长素能向胚芽鞘基部运输，b’组尖端的生长素不能6．某岛屿上生活着一种动物，其种群数量多年维持相对稳定。
该动物个体从诞生到性成熟须要6个月。
下图为某年该动物种群在不同月份的年龄构造（每月最终一天统计种群各年龄组的个体数）。
关于该种群的叙述，错误的是 A．该种群10月份的诞生率可能为零B．天敌的迁入可影响该种群的年龄构造C．该种群的年龄构造随着季节更替而改变D．大量诱杀雄性个体不会影响该种群的密度29．（11分）将玉米种子置于25℃、黑暗、水分相宜的条件下萌发，每天定时取一样数量的萌发种子，一半干脆烘干称重，一半切取胚乳烘干称重，计算每粒的平均干重，结果如图所示。
2012年GCT考试逻辑真题及参考答案
2012年GCT考试逻辑真题及参考答案第三部分逻辑推理能力测试(50题 每题2分 满分100分)1.中世纪阿拉伯人有许多古希腊文手稿。
当需要的时候，他们就把它们译成阿拉伯语。
中世纪阿拉伯哲学家对亚里士多德的《诗论》非常感兴趣，这种兴趣很明显不被阿拉伯诗人所分享，因为一个对《诗论》感兴趣的诗人一定想读荷马的诗，亚里士多德本人就经常引用荷马的诗。
但是，荷马的诗一直到当代才被译成阿拉伯语。
如果以下陈述为真 哪一项最强地支持上面的论证?A．有一些中世纪阿拉伯翻译家拥有古希腊文的荷马诗手稿。
B．亚里士多德的《诗论》经常被现代阿拉伯诗人引用和评论。
C．亚里士多德的《诗论》的大部分内容与戏剧有关，中世纪阿拉伯人也写戏剧作品，并表演这些作品。
D．中世纪阿拉伯的系列故事，如《阿拉伯人之夜》，与荷马史诗的某些部分很相似。
2.美联储一直想推出第三次量化宽松货币政策(简称 QE3)，以推动美国经济复苏。
如果美联储推出QE3，则全球美元供给将再次大幅增加，各国要维护汇率稳定，就不得不购买美元资产。
如果各国购买美元资产，则会加大本国通货膨胀压力。
如果不想输入通货膨胀，各国就要让本币升值。
如果本币升值，则会抑制本国出口，导致经济滑坡。
如果以上陈述为真，以下哪一项陈述一定为真?A.如果美联储推出 QE3，其他国家若想避免本国经济滑坡，就不要购买美元资产。
B.其他国家或者面临输入性通货膨胀的压力，或者面临经济滑坡的危险。
C.如果其他国家没有输入性通货膨胀，也没有本币升值，则美联储未推出QE3。
D.如果其他国家未遇到输入性通货膨胀的压力，就不会让本币升值。
3. 2012年 8月 10日，韩国总统李明博访问了与日本存在主权争议的独岛(日本称“竹岛”)。
舆论调查结果显示，在李明博访问独岛之后，其支持率由25.7%升至 34.7%。
如果调查结果属实，以下哪一项陈述一定为真?A.支持李明博访问独岛的韩国人多于不支持的人。
B.在李明博访问独岛之后，一部分先前不支持他的人现在转而支持他。
2012年春季化学会考试卷及答案
2012年北京市春季普通高中会考化学试卷可能用到的相对原子质量：H 1 C 12 N 14 O 16 Na 23 Mg 24Al 27 S 32 Cl 35.5 Ca 40 Fe 56 Ba 137第一部分选择题（共50分）在下列各题的四个选项中，只有一个选项符合题意。
（每小题2分，共50分）1．抗生素的大量使用会对人体造成危害。
如四环素（C22H24N2O8）的大量使用会造成肝脏损害，还会影响儿童牙齿和骨骼的发育。
四环素属于A．单质B．氧化物C．有机物D．无机物2．下列元素中，原子半径最小的是A．Si B．P C．S D．Cl3．氢和氦是宇宙中含量最多的两种元素。
氢的核素13H与氦的核素23He具有相同的A．电子数B．中子数C．质子数D．质量数4．二氧化硫是一种空气污染物。
下列关于二氧化硫性质的描述不．正确．．的是A．无色B．无味C．易溶于水D．密度比空气的大5．当光束通过下列分散系时，可观察到丁达尔效应的是A．NaCl溶液B．H2SO4溶液C．CuSO4溶液D．Fe(OH)3胶体6．下列物质中，不．属于．．电解质的是A．铁B．硝酸C．氯化钠D．氢氧化钾7．下列元素中，属于第三周期的是A．氮B．氧C．氟D．硅8．下列物质中，只含有共价键的是A．HCl B．NaCl C．KBr D．NaOH化学试卷第1页（共8页）9．运输乙醇或汽油的车上，贴有的危险化学品标志是10．在配制一定物质的量浓度的溶液时，必须用到的仪器是11．下列物质中，酸性最强的是A ．H 2SiO 3B ．H 3PO 4C ．H 2SO 4D ．HClO 412．下列有机物中，属于单糖的是A ．油脂B ．蔗糖C ．葡萄糖D ．蛋白质13．下列粒子的结构示意图中，表示氯离子的是14．下列电子式中，正确的是15．下列反应中，属于吸热反应的是A ．Na 与H 2O 反应B ．Al 与Fe 2O 3反应C ．NaOH 溶液与盐酸反应D ．Ba(OH)2·8H 2O 晶体与NH 4Cl 晶体反应16．下列反应中，属于取代反应的是A ．苯与氢气反应B ．甲烷与氯气反应C ．乙烯与水反应D ．乙烯与氯化氢反应17．下列关于FeCl 3溶液的说法中，正确的是A ．溶液呈浅绿色B ．不能与铁粉反应C ．遇KSCN 溶液变成红色D ．能与NaOH 溶液反应产生白色沉淀化学试卷第2页（共8页）A ． B. C. D. A. B. C.D.A. B. C.D.A ．B ．C ．D ．18．下列方法不能．．区分甲烷与乙烯的是A ．观察两者的颜色B ．观察两者燃烧的现象C ．通入溴的四氯化碳溶液D ．通入酸性高锰酸钾溶液19．在一定条件下，对于密闭容器中进行的反应：X (g) + Y (g)2Z(g)，下列说法能充分说明该反应已达到化学平衡状态的是A ．X 、Y 、Z 的浓度相等B ．正、逆反应速率均等于零C ．X 、Y 、Z 在容器中共存D ．X 、Y 、Z 的浓度均不再改变20．关于右图所示的原电池，下列说法不正确．．．的是 A ．Cu 为正极，Zn 为负极B ．该装置能将化学能转化为电能C ．电子由铜片通过导线流向锌片D ．正极反应为 2H + + 2e － H 2↑21．已知2H 2O 2 2H 2O + O 2↑，若其他条件不变，下列措施不．能．使该反应速率增大的是A ．降低温度B ．加入少量MnO 2C ．加入少量FeCl 3D ．增大H 2O 2的浓度22．下列反应的离子方程式正确的是A ．溴水与碘化钾溶液：Br 2 + 2I －2Br － + I 2 B ．氯气与氯化亚铁溶液：Cl 2 + Fe 2+2Cl －+ Fe 3+ C ．碳酸钙与稀盐酸：CO 32－ + 2H ＋ CO 2↑+ H 2OD ．硫酸铜溶液与氢氧化钡溶液：Cu 2+ + 2OH － Cu(OH)2↓23．下列有关物质用途的说法中，不．正确．．的是 A ．硝酸可用于制氮肥 B ．氯气可用于制漂白粉C ．硅可用于制光导纤维D ．硅酸钠可用于制木材防火剂24．下列装置能达到对应实验目的的是25．下列叙述中，正确的是A ．11.2 L C 2H 4中含有的碳原子一定为1 molB ．16 g CH 4在标准状况下的体积约为22.4 LC ．71 g Cl 2中含有的氯原子数约为6.02×1023D ．1 L 0.5 mol/L BaCl 2溶液中Cl －的物质的量浓度为0.5 mol/L化学试卷第3页（共8页） A ．收集氨气 B ．分离碘和泥沙 C ．分离水和苯 D ．实验室制取蒸馏水第二部分非选择题（共50分）一、必答题（共30分）1．（3分）在放电条件下，氮气与氧气可直接化合：N2 + O22NO。
Rh血型试题及答案
Rh血型试题及答案1. Rh血型系统是由哪位科学家发现的？A. 卡尔·兰德斯坦纳B. 爱德华·詹纳C. 路易·巴斯德D. 亚历山大·弗莱明答案：A2. Rh血型系统中，Rh阳性个体的红细胞表面含有哪种抗原？A. A抗原B. B抗原C. D抗原D. AB抗原答案：C3. Rh血型系统中，Rh阴性个体的红细胞表面缺少哪种抗原？A. A抗原B. B抗原C. D抗原D. AB抗原答案：C4. Rh血型不兼容的输血可能导致什么后果？A. 输血反应B. 输血成功C. 无影响D. 轻微不适答案：A5. Rh血型不兼容的妊娠可能导致什么后果？A. 胎儿贫血B. 胎儿发育正常C. 母亲贫血D. 母亲发育正常答案：A6. 以下哪种情况需要进行Rh血型检测？A. 常规体检B. 输血前C. 孕妇产前检查D. 所有以上情况答案：D7. Rh血型系统中，Rh阳性个体的配偶是Rh阴性，他们的孩子可能是什么血型？A. 只能是Rh阳性B. 只能是Rh阴性C. 可能是Rh阳性或Rh阴性D. 无法确定答案：C8. Rh血型系统中，Rh阴性个体的配偶也是Rh阴性，他们的孩子可能是什么血型？A. 只能是Rh阳性B. 只能是Rh阴性C. 可能是Rh阳性或Rh阴性D. 无法确定答案：B9. Rh血型系统中，Rh阳性个体的配偶是Rh阳性，他们的孩子可能是什么血型？A. 只能是Rh阳性B. 只能是Rh阴性C. 可能是Rh阳性或Rh阴性D. 无法确定答案：A10. Rh血型系统中，Rh阴性个体的配偶是Rh阳性，他们的孩子发生Rh血型不兼容的风险是？A. 非常低B. 中等C. 非常高D. 无法确定答案：C。
湖北省华师精英班2012届高三理综2月能力测试(生物部分)试题新人教版
2012年华师一高三精英班理综能力测试卷（2月27日）一、选择题：本大题共13小题，每小题6分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的。
1．培养某哺乳动物胚胎干细胞，测量其细胞周期为G 1期（DNA 合成准备期）10h 、S 期（DNA 合成期）8h 、G 2期（纺锤丝形成准备期）4h ，分裂期2h 。
一个细胞DNA 相对含量和细胞数的关系如下图所示。
若在培养液中加入DNA 聚合酶抑制剂培养30h ，再更换到不含DNA 聚合酶抑制剂的培养液中培养4h 。
结果一个细胞的DNA 相对量和细胞数的关系最符合2．如图表示相邻两个细胞的细胞膜接触，信息从一个细胞传递给另一个细胞。
下列属于图示细胞间信息交流方式的是A ．膝跳反射时，传入神经元引起传出神经元兴奋B ．受精作用时，精子和卵细胞之间的识别和结合C ．甲状腺细胞对垂体细胞分泌TSH 的反馈调节D ．高等植物细胞之间通过胞间连丝进行信息交流3．一生态庭院生态系统各成分的组成和相互关系的示意图，下列关于该生态系统的分析中，正确的是 A ．建立该生态系统的目的是为了实现物质和能量的循环利用，提高经济效益B ．若在果树间间作绿肥类杂草，能导致该系统中生物多样性增加，可能有效控制果园中某些害虫的数量从而减少对果树的危害C ．在庭院中饲养鸡鸭能提高生态系统中物质的利用效率，增加产量，但由于食物链延长，生态系统中能量传递效率会降低 生产者（果树） 消费者（昆虫、分解者 人 废弃物 光 粪尿 粪尿、垃圾沼气 沼渣 枝叶 人力 蛋、肉 产品D．在庭院中建沼气池处理垃圾、粪便和植物枝叶，目的是尽可能减少分解者获得的能量，从而使能量流向对人有益的部分4．下列有关细胞生命历程的说法不正确的是A．细胞生长，核糖体的数量增加，物质交换效率增强B．细胞分化，核遗传物质没有发生改变，但mRNA有变化C．细胞癌变，细胞膜上的糖蛋白减少，基因发生突变D．细胞凋亡，相关基因活动加强，有利于个体的生长发育5．某些寄生虫能靠不同方法在具有免疫力的人体内生存，称为免疫脱逃作用，如非洲睡眠病原虫。
2012年高考生物概念图题(部分)
2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试无2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（广东卷）A25.人类红绿色盲的基因位于X染色体上，秃顶的基因位于常染色体上，结合下表信息可预测，图8中Ⅱ-3和Ⅱ-4所生子女是A.非秃顶色盲儿子的概率为1/4B.非秃顶色盲女儿的概率为1/8C.秃顶色盲儿子的概率为1/8D.秃顶色盲女儿的概率为02012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷）2、芥酸会降低菜籽油的品质。
油菜有两对独立遗传的等位基因（H和h，G和g）控制菜籽的芥酸含量，下图是获得低芥酸油菜新品种（HHGG）的技术路线。
已知油菜单个花药由花药壁（2n）及大量花粉（n）等组分组成，这些组分的细胞都具有全能性。
据图分析，下列叙述错误．．的是A.①、②两过程均需要植物激素来诱导细胞脱分化B.与④过程相比，③过程可能会产生二倍体再生植株C.图中三种途径中，利用花粉培养筛选低芥酸植株（HHGG）的效率最高D.F1减数分裂时，H基因所在的染色体会与G基因所在的染色体发生联会1、动物被运输过程中，体内皮质醇激素的变化能调节其对刺激的适应能力。
右图为皮质醇分泌的调节示意图。
据图分析，下列叙述错误．．的是A.运输刺激使下丘脑分泌激素增加的结构基础是反射弧B.图中M促进皮质醇分泌的过程属于神经-体液调节C.皮质醇作用的靶细胞还包括下丘脑细胞核垂体细胞D. 动物被运输过程中，体内皮质醇含量先升高后逐渐恢复7.（13分）生物分子间特异性结合的性质广泛用于生命科学研究。
以下实例为体外处理“蛋白质-DNA复合体”获得DNA片段信息的过程图。
据图回答：（1）过程①酶作用的部位是键，此过程只发生在非结合区DNA，过程②酶作用的部位是键（2）①、②两过程利用了酶的特性。
（3）若将得到的DNA片段用于构建重组质粒，需要将过程③的测序结果与酶的识别序列进行比对，以确定选用何种酶。
（4）如果复合体中的蛋白质为RNA聚合酶，则其识别、结合的DNA序列区为基因的。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
RHEL6 的RHCE考试分为RHCSA和RHCE两部分
考试时间：
RHCSA 2个半小时总分300分，210分pass
RHCE 2个小时总分300分，210分pass
考试环境：考试为上机考试，在一台真实机系统中，已经预安装好虚拟机，要求所有的考试题必须在虚拟机中完成。
网络必须配置好，如果从网络不能被访问到，则考试也不能通过。
在iptables配置中如需要拒绝访问，请使用REJECT（考试过程中iptables默认策略均为ACCEPT）
考试过程中，可以选择语言环境为简体中文
你可以用真实机来验证虚拟机中的考试实验是否正确完成
考试当天真实考试环境为
域是172.24.40.0/24网络
域是172.16.0.0/16网络，一般在题意中被要求拒绝的网络。
软件包在/pub/x86_64/Server下
我们测试环境为
真机为域 ip地址：192.168.0.X/24
虚拟机为域 ip地址：192.168.0.100+X/24
软件包在/pub/rhel6/dvd下
--------------------------------------------------------------------
RHCSA考试题：
配置好你的主机名，ip地址，网关，DNS
考试当天
主机名可能为：
IP:172.24.40.40/24
网关：172.24.40.1
DNS:172.24.40.1
测试虚拟机环境
主机名：
IP:192.168.0.100+X/24
网关：192.168.0.254
DNS:192.168.0.254
1、/home分区LVM缩小为100M
2、建立manager组，创建两个用harry，natasha附属组为manager，创建用户strlt，strlt用户的登陆shell为非交互式shell。
3、将/etc/fstab复制到/var/tmp/fstab,设置harry可以读写，natasha不能做任何操作，其他用户可读，设置manager组为fstab的所属组
4、为natasha建立计划任务，每天14：23执行echo “file_world”
5、升级内核，默认新的内核启动，ftp:///pub/rhel6/Errta下
6、建立用户test12，其uid为4332，密码为test12
7、加入ldap服务器，ldap服务器为
考试当天可能为
8、自动挂载ldapuserX的家目录
9、配置你的系统时间与同步
10、配置一个HTTP服务器，通过可以被访问到,发布的页面请从/pub/station.html下载。
11、安装一个FTP服务器，要求可以从/var/ftp/pub目录中匿名下载（需要你配置yum指向已经存在的文件服务器）
12、找出harry拥有的文件，拷贝到目录/opt/dir下
13、从文件/usr/share/dict下的words找出包含strator的行，写入到文件/tmp/testfile中，要求顺序与words中一致
14、在/home下创建一个目录，名为admins，要求所属组为manager组，组成员可以读写，其它用户没有任何权限，同组成员在目录下创建的文件的所属组也为manager组
15、创建一个512M的交换分区，并开机自动生效，但不影响原有的swap分区
16、创建一个卷组wgroup，8M为一个extends，并在其上划分一个10个extends 的逻辑卷wshare，制作成ext4文件系统，并开机自动挂载到/mnt/data下
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
RHCE考试题
注意：你的IP，主机名，网关，DNS已经配置好
考试当天
IP: 172.24.30.5/24
主机名可能为：
你是域的成员主机，另一个域是---172.25.0.0/16网络
测试虚拟机环境
IP: 192.168.0.100+X/24
主机名：
你是域的成员主机，另一个域是---192.168.1.0/24网络
1、请将selinux状态设置为enforcing状态
2、请将ip_forward功能打开，并永久生效
3、禁止普通用户natasha建立计划任务
4、配置ftp允许匿名从/var/ftp/pub目录中下载,拒绝域访问
5、配置一台域的邮件服务器，要求可以在服务器本地或者通过harry用户从网络上连接到服务器收发邮件。
harry用户的邮箱是/var/spool/mail/harry。
注意DNS服务器已经帮你做好MX记录的解析。
6、连接到邮件服务器给admin发邮件，可以被harry用户收到
7、配置web服务器，能被访问
从服务器/pub/station.html下载放到DocumentRoot中，可正常访问
8、配置web服务器，实现虚拟主机。
能访问到/var/www/virtual目录下的页面，页面从/pub/www.html下载。
并保证，同样能被访问到之前的内容。
9、在/var/www/html下建立一个secret目录，仅允许本地用户访问，从/pub/www.html下载文件。
10、将/root/cdrom.iso关在到/opt/data下，并设置为开机自动挂载
11、写一个脚本/root/scripts.sh，要求当给脚本输入参数kernel时，脚本返回user,给脚本输入参数user时，脚本返回kernel。
而脚本没有参数或者参数错误是，从标准错误输出输出“usage:/root/program kernel|user”
12、配置内核参数 rhelblq=1，并要求可以通过/proc/cmdline验证到你的内核参数
13、配置ssh允许域用户访问，拒绝域访问
14、请你访问iscsi共享存储，存储服务器的地址是192.168.0.254，分出30M 空间，格式化成ext3文件系统，挂载到/mnt/data下，下载服务器/pub/iscsi.txt到挂载目录，权限0644，并实现开机自动挂载。
15、配置nfs服务器，将/common目录共享给域用户访问
16、配置samba服务器，将/common共享，能被浏览到，工作组名STAFF,。
用户harry对此共享只读，如果需要，harry用户密码为harryuser。