稳频激光光腔衰荡光谱技术的方法及应用

激光稳频技术

所示的饱和吸收谱，分别对应 Fg=4Fe=3,4 和 Fg=3Fe=3,4。在图中发现，不同的共振
频率对应的谱线强度不同，这主要是由于原子在不同的能级之间跃迁时有不同的跃迁几
率造成的结果。同理，扫描 852.3nm 的激光器频率得到如图 3.5 所示 Cs 原子 D2 线饱和
吸收谱，a 图和 b 图分别对应 Fg=4Fe=3,4,5 和 Fg=3Fe=2,3,4 跃迁。在图中不仅包含
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光腔衰荡光谱技术及其应用综述

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万方数据
光
学
仪
器
第２卷９
之一。
气体检测方法主要分为传统的化学检测法和新型的光谱检测法两大类。光谱检测法的本质是物质对
电波的收发常吸光检测有：吸探Ｂ、程吸探法Ｃ激导磁吸和射。用的收谱法腔内收测法长收测３光诱荧光）ｓ）方［共强光离法闭这方是侧对作后频率光强变法和振增多子电方等，些法都通过定光气体用前光或度的］ ’

光腔衰荡光谱法在痕量气体检测中的应用

光腔衰荡光谱法在痕量气体检测中的应用光腔衰荡光谱法（Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy，CEAS）是一种灵敏度高、分辨率高、实时性好的痕量气体检测技术，已成为气体分析和环境监测领域的研究热点之一。

本文介绍了CEAS检测原理和设备组成，重点阐述了CEAS在痕量气体检测中的应用研究进展。

一、CEAS检测原理CEAS是一种基于光腔增强的吸收光谱技术，通过增加气体与光场的相互作用时间，提高了气体吸收信号的强度和信噪比，实现了对痕量气体的高灵敏、高精度检测。

CEAS检测系统通常由光源、光器件、探测器和样品室等若干部分组成，其基本原理如下：1.光腔增强光腔是由两个镜面反射形成的封闭空间，其长度通常为数厘米，内部光场呈膜厚式分布。

当入射光与构成光腔内壁的高反射镜面反射时，不断在腔内强度衰减，形成驻波场，提高了光与样品相互作用的时间。

2.物质吸收样品通入光腔后，受到光场的激发，产生吸收信号。

吸收信号的幅度取决于样品中所含物质的类型、浓度和特征吸收峰宽度等因素。

3.探测器检测探测器通常选择光电探测器或者光电倍增管等探测器组成的光谱仪，用以测量样品中强度的变化。

当样品中有物质吸收时，探测器的输出信号呈现出相应的响应，通过光谱学方法进行分析。

二、CEAS设备组成CEAS设备由光源、光路系统、样品室、光谱仪和数据分析系统五个部分组成。

1.光源光源的选择对检测的灵敏度和选择性有很大的影响，一般采用具有比较窄线宽和高亮度的激光器，如DFB激光器、VCL激光器、Ti:Sapphire激光器等。

2.光路系统光路系统是CEAS系统中的核心，主要由光腔、气体通道、偏振器件、反射镜等组成，用以实现气体和光场之间的强耦合，光腔是CEAS的关键部件，也是决定CEAS检测灵敏度的主要因素。

3.样品室样品室是CEAS系统中介质与光场相互作用的部分，它为气体通道和光腔之间的接口，而样品室的设计和制作对CEAS检测灵敏度和选择性都有很大的影响。

《激光稳频技术》课件

《激光稳频技术》PPT课件
contents
目录
• 引言 • 激光稳频技术的基本原理 • 激光稳频技术的主要方法 • 激光稳频技术的实验装置与操作流程 • 激光稳频技术的应用实例 • 激光稳频技术的未来定义
激光稳频技术是一种利用各种物理效应和光学技术，对激光频率进行稳定和控制的科学技术。
原子干涉法
总结词
利用原子相干性，通过干涉现象对激光频率进行稳定的方法。
详细描述
原子干涉法利用了原子相干性的特点。通过将原子制备成特定的量子态，可以产生干涉现象。通过监测干涉现象的变化，可以调整激光的频率，使其稳定在一个特定的值上。这种方法具有较高的稳定性和精度。
原子锁定法
总结词
利用原子能级结构，通过控制激光频率与原子能级跃迁频率一致，实现激光频率稳定的方法。
03 激光稳频技术的主要方法
饱和吸收法
总结词
通过利用饱和吸收现象，对激光频率进行稳定的方法。
详细描述
饱和吸收法利用了物质对激光的吸收特性。当激光的功率增加到一定程度时，物质的吸收系数会因为饱和效应而减小，从而导致透射光的频率移动。通过监测透射光的频率变化，可以调整激光的频率，使其稳定在一个特定的值上。
在光学频率梳中的应用
光学频率梳是一种能够产生一系列稳定、等间距的梳状光谱的装置，广泛应用于光谱分析、频率计量等领域。激光稳频技术的应用，可以提高光学频率梳产生的光谱的稳定性，减小频率漂移，从而提高光谱分辨率和测量精度。
VS
具体而言，通过采用激光稳频技术，可以稳定光学频率梳中激光器的频率，使其与参考频率保持高度一致。这样，产生的光谱梳状结构就会更加稳定，光谱线宽更窄，能够更好地满足高精度光谱分析和测量的需求。

稳频激光光腔衰荡光谱技术的方法及应用

稳频激光光腔衰荡光谱技术的方法及应用分子的吸收光谱，可以获得分子内部和分子间相互作用的信息，例如分子的结构、能级、跃迁矩等。

随着激光技术的不断发展，吸收光谱技术也朝着高灵敏度、高分辨率方向发展。

在理论研究和实际应用方面，分子吸收光谱都有着极其广泛的应用。

本论文分四章：第一章对分子吸收光谱的理论、当前常用的激光吸收光谱技术进行简介。

第二章介绍光腔衰荡光谱技术（CRDS）的原理和发展现状，讨论基于激光锁频和锁腔技术的稳频激光光腔衰荡光谱仪。

第三章介绍利用CRDS研究CO2分子（17）O或（18）O取代的同位素分子的近红外高泛频振转跃迁光谱。

在第四章中，介绍利用CRDS技术研究了0.8μm附近氢分子的电四极矩跃迁，实验测量精度达到并超过了QED高阶修正的理论计算精度。

光腔衰荡光谱（CRDS）技术具有很大的有效吸收长度（几十公里），并且不受探测光功率波动影响，所以具有很高的探测灵敏度；但是很多应用中还需要同时具有很高的光谱分辨率（频率精度）。

我们发展了一套借助于超稳标准具的激光锁频的光腔衰荡光谱（LL-CRDS）技术，在具有高探测灵敏度的同时，达到了亚MHz的绝对频率精度。

该方法中需要综合利用光学模式匹配、调制解调和反馈控制等技术。

对水分子吸收光谱的研究，显示了该光谱仪的测量能力。

二氧化碳是最重要的温室气体，它也是一些行星（例如火星和金星）大气的主要成分，近红外的CO2光谱对行星大气的同位素丰度和云层光学厚度等的研究非常重要，但是目前CO2同位素的近红外振转光谱的实验研究存在很大的空白。

本章主要研究了CO2分子（17）O或（18）O取代的同位素分子的振转跃迁光谱。

光腔衰荡光谱法测含水量

光腔衰荡光谱法测含水量
光腔衰荡光谱法是一种用于测量气体中含水量的方法。

它基于气体分子与腔体之间的相互作用，从而测量气体中的水分子浓度。

该方法具有高灵敏度、高精度和非常适合用于在线控制和监测。

光腔衰荡光谱法广泛应用于石油、天然气、化工等领域。

光腔衰荡光谱法的原理是利用光的谱线在腔体中的多次反射和干涉，形成一系列贴近谱线的光谱峰。

这些峰的强度与气体中水分子的浓度成正比。

经过一定的处理和分析，可以确定气体中的水分子浓度。

光腔衰荡光谱法的优点在于其非常灵敏和准确。

它可以检测到非常低浓度的水分子，因此非常适合用于高精度的含水量测量。

另外，它也非常适合用于在线监测和控制，因为它可以实时测量气体中的水分子浓度。

总的来说，光腔衰荡光谱法是一种非常有效的测量气体中含水量的方法。

它在石油、天然气、化工等领域中得到了广泛的应用。

第三讲激光稳频技术

光器受到外界的扰动，使激光振荡频率偏离υ0 ，例如υ＞
υ0(图中D点外)，则激光功率将按频率f变化(如图中的fD)，
其变化幅度δp即为鉴别器的误差信号，它的相位与调制信号电压相同；此光信号被光电接收器变换成相应的电信号，经过选频放大后送入相敏检波器，与从音频振荡器输入的频率为f的调制信号进行相位比较得到一个直流电压，此电压的大小与误差信号成正比，它的正负取决于误差信号与调制信号的相位关系，此时由于二者同相位，从相敏检波器输出一负直流电压，继而经过直流放大、调制升压与整流，馈送到压电陶瓷上，这电压使压电陶瓷环缩短，从而使腔长伸长，于是激光振荡频率又回到υ0处。
108~109Hz， Δυc约为106~107Hz量级，利用泰勒展
开，
f (x)
f
(0)
f (0)x
f (0) 2!
x2
，取到一次方，
注意x= Δυc/ Δυm（可认为是小量）
c
(m
c
)
c m
可见激光器的振荡频率是由原子跃迁谱线及谐振腔的谐振频率共同决定的，二者的变化均会引起激光频率的不稳定；谱线对振荡频率的影响由上式中的第二项以频率牵引效应表示出来,牵引效应的比例系数为：
a
0
V=c(Ω ab-ω)/ Ω ab
Na(v)
0
v 非均匀多普勒展宽跃迁中的烧孔现象，这种跃迁使得激
光光谱学成为可能。频率为ω的激光减少在基态粒子数
分布中共振的那部分粒子，而在激发态粒子分布中产生
一个异常峰。因而吸收线轮廓的线型与图a相似。电子信
号处理法能分离出线型与图b相似的干扰。
非均匀加宽介质大信号反转粒子数密度和频率的关系。 1 入射光很弱的小信号情况 2 入射光（频率ν1）很强的大信号情况

光腔衰荡光谱(CRDS)技术

中国地质大学（武汉）材化学院课程名称：文件检索班级：031111姓名：刘欢学号：20111000544题目(4)：光腔衰荡光谱(CRDS)技术parison of water isotope-ratio determinations using two cavity ring-down instruments and classical mass spectrometry in continuous ice-core analysis作者：Olivia J. Maselli , Diedrich Fritzsche , Lawrence Layman , Joseph R. McConnell , Hanno Meyer作者单位：Desert Research Institute;;Alfred-Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research刊名：Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies, 2013, Vol.49 (3), pp.387-398来源数据库：Taylor & Francis期刊DOI：10.1080/10256016.2013.781598关键词：cavity ring-down ; hydrogen-2 ; ice-core ; isotope measurements ; methods and equipment ; oxygen-18 ; paleoclimatology ; water ;原始语种摘要：We present a detailed comparison between subsequent versions of commercially available wavelength-scanned cavity ring-down water isotope analysers(L2120-i and L2130-i, Picarro Inc.). The analysers are used in parallel in a continuous mode by adaption of a low-volume flash evaporation module. Application of the analysers to ice-core analysis is assessed by comparison between continuous water isotope measurements of a glacial ice-core from Severnaya Zemlya with discrete isotope-ratio mass spectrometry measurements performed on parallel samples from the same ice-core. The great advances between instrument versions, particularly in the measurement of δ2H, allow the continuous technique to achieve the same high level of accuracy and precision obtained using traditional isotope spectrometry techniques in a fraction of the experiment time. However, when applied to continuous ice-core measurements, increased integration times result in a compromise of the achievable depth resolution of the ice-core records.相似文献：[1] Olga Garmash. Deposition History of Polychlorinated Biphenyls to the Lomonosovfonna Glacier, Svalbard: A 209 Congener Analysis. [J].Environ. Sci. Technol.,2013[2] Ulrich Schimschal. Mathematical model of gamma-ray spectrometry borehole logging for quantitative analysis (Open-file report / United.... [M].,19812.Toward a real-time measurement of atmospheric mercury concentrations using cavity ring-down spectroscopy作者：X. Faïn , H. Moosmüller , D. Obrist刊名：Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, 2009, Vol.9 (5), pp.22143来源数据库：DOAJ期刊原始语种摘要：A new sensor based on cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) has been developed for the measurement of gaseous elemental mercury (Hg0) mass concentration with sub-ng m−3 detection limit and high temporal resolution. Cavity ring-down spectroscopy is a direct absorption technique that utilizes path lengths of up to multiple kilometers in a compact absorption cell and has a significantly higher sensitivity than conventional absorption spectroscopy. Our prototype uses a frequency-doubled, tuneable dye laser emitting pulses at ~253.65 nm with a pulse repetition frequency of 50 Hz. The dye laser incorporates a unique piezo element attached to its tuning grating allowing it to tune the laser on and off the Hg0 absorption line on a pulse to pulse basis to facilitate... differential absorption measurements. Hg0 absorption measurements with this CRDS laboratory prototype are highly linearly related to Hg0 concentrations determined by a Tekran 2537B analyzer over a Hg0 concentration range of four orders of magnitude, from 0.2 ng m−3 to 573 ng m−3 implying excellent linearity of both instruments. The current CRDS instrument has a~sensitivity of 0.10 ng m−3 at 10 s time resolution. This tool opens new prospects for the study of Hg0 because of its high temporal resolution and reduced limited sample volume requirements (<0.5 l of sample air). Future applications may include ambient Hg0 flux measurements with eddy covariance techniques, which require measurements of Hg0 concentrations with sub-ng m−3 sensitivity and sub-second time resolution.相似文献：[1] Paul J B. 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[Off-axis cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy detection techniques for the measurement of carbon dioxide].. [J].Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu FenXi/Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2012,32(1)[9] Garro Barrio J. [Causes of fractures in amalgam cavity restorations and their prevention].. [J].Revista de actualidad estomatológica espa?ola / Ilustre Consejo General de Colegios de Odontólogos y Estomatólogos de Espa?a,1984,44(335)[10] Douvitsas G P. [New aspects in cavity preparation for amalgamrestorations].. [J].Stomatologia,1983,40(4)[11] Thomas A E. Evaluation of principles of cavity preparation design.. [J].The Alabama journal of medical sciences,1983,20(4)[12] Eames W B. The effects of trichloroacetic acid on the hard and soft tissues of the oral cavity.. [J].Journal of the Georgia Dental Association,1973,47(2)[13] Wang T. Experimental observation of photon echoes and power-efficiency analysis ina cavity environment.. [J].Optics letters,2007,23(22)[14] Zippilli Stefano. Suppression of Bragg scattering by collective interference of spatially ordered atoms with a high-Q cavity mode.. [J].Physical Review Letters,2004,93(12) [15] Geremia J M. Inverse-problem approach to designing photonic crystals for cavity QED experiments.. [J].Physical Review E (Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics),2003,66(6 Pt 2)[16] Arrowsmith P. Short-cavity hydrogen-halide laser.. [J].Applied Optics,1983,22(17)[17] Tan H H. [Opinion of patients on cavity preparation by extended duty dental hygienists].. [J].Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Tandheelkunde,1981,88(2)[18] Shimamura Tatsuro. Crystal structure of the native chaperonin complex from Thermus thermophilus revealed unexpected asymmetry at thecis-cavity.. [J].Structure,2004,12(8)[19] Jewett A I. Accelerated folding in the weak hydrophobic environment of a chaperonin cavity: creation of an alternate fast folding pathway.. [J].PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA,2004,101(36)[20] Ewbank M D. Frequency shift and cavity length in photorefractiveresonators.. [J].Optics Letters,1985,10(10)3.Real-time monitoring of breath ammonia during haemodialysis: use of ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) and cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) techniques.作者：Neri Giovanni , Lacquaniti Antonio , Rizzo Giuseppe , Donato Nicola , Latino Mariangela , Buemi Michele作者单位：Correspondence and offprint requests to: Michele Buemi; E-mail:buemim@unime.it.刊名：Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation, 2012, Vol.27 (7), pp.2945-52来源数据库：PubMed期刊DOI：10.1093/ndt/gfr738原始语种摘要：Background The diffusion of high-performance analytical technology has opened prospects for breath diagnosis as a non-invasive diagnostic tool. In this study, ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) and cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) techniques were used to analyse ammonia gas NH3 in real-time in breath from patients undergoing haemodialysis (HD) treatment and any correlation with blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels and Kt/V were investigated. Methods We studied 20 patients on intermittent HD treatment. The first breath samples were taken before the start of dialysis and further breath samples were taken every hour during the treatment and after the end of the session. An evaluation was also made of 20 healthy volunteers, acting as controls [healthy subjects (HS)]. Results Breath ammonia... concentrations were higher in CRDS-HD (914.5 ±301.4 versus 280 ±120 parts per billion (p.p.b.), P < 0.0001) and IMS-HD patients(964.4 ±402.4 versus 280 ±120 p.p.b., P < 0.0001) than in HS. We assessedreal-time variations in the levels of NH3 and showed a continuous decrease in the levels of NH3. Expired NH3 correlated directly with BUN levels, both in the IMS-HD (P = 0.002; r = 0.84; P = 0.009; r = 0.76) and in the CRDS-HD group (P = 0.005; r = 0.80; P = 0.008; r = 0.77), respectively, both before and at the end of dialysis. A direct correlation with Kt/V was found in both groups studied (IMS-HD: P = 0.003; r = 0.82; CRDS-HD: P = 0.006; r = 0.79). Conclusions Breath monitoring of NH3 with IMS and CRDS techniques could be useful to assess the real-time clinical status of patients during HD. By using pre-dialysis ammonia values, an approximate calculation of the Kt/V(urea) ratio can be established.相似文献：[1] Neri Giovanni. Real-time monitoring of breath ammonia during haemodialysis: use of ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) and cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) techniques.. [J].Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation,2012,27(7)[2] Léonard Céline. The vibrational levels of ammonia.. [J].Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy,2002,58(4)[3] Thompson M. The bilayer lipid membrane as a basis for a selective sensor for ammonia.. [J].Talanta,1983,30(12)[4] Kretschmer Robert. Mechanistic aspects and elementary steps of N-H bond activation of ammonia and C-N coupling induced by gas-phase ions: a combinedexperimental/computational exercise.. [J].Chemistry: A European Journal,2011,18(1) [5] Vinogradoff V. Acetaldehyde solid state reactivity at low temperature: formation of the acetaldehyde ammonia trimer.. [J].The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part A: Molecules, Spectroscopy, Kinetics, Environment and General Theory,2012,116(9)[6] Jetzki Martin. Vibrational delocalization in ammonia aerosol particles.. [J].The Journal of Chemical Physics,2004,120(24)[7] Thompson Helen. Structural studies of ammonia and metallic lithium-ammonia solutions.. [J].American Chemical Society. Journal,2003,125(9)[8] Amaro Rommie. Developing an energy landscape for the novel function of a(beta/alpha)8 barrel: ammonia conduction through HisF.. [J].PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA,2003,100(13)[9] Bozoki Zoltan. Near-infrared diode laser based spectroscopic detection of ammonia: a comparative study of photoacoustic and direct optical absorption methods.. [J].Applied Spectroscopy,2002,56(6)[10] Rudling J. Development and evaluation of field methods for ammonia inair.. [J].Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health,1984,10(3)[11] Rodger M R. Enzymic fluorometric assay of plasma ammonia with a centrifugal analyzer.. [J].Clinical Chemistry (Washington, DC),1984,30(10)[12] Svensson G. Rapid determination of ammonia in whole blood and plasma using flow injection analysis.. [J].Clinica Chimica Acta,1982,119(1-2)[13] Danielson N D. Fluorometric determination of hydrazine and ammonia separately or in mixtures.. [J].Talanta,1982,29(5)[14] Nikolelis D P. Potentiometric determination of certain alpha-aminohydroxy compounds by using an ammonia gas-sensing electrode.. [J].Talanta,1982,29(11 Pt 1) [15] Pisarenko O I. [Emission spectroscopic determination of the 15N in the ammonia and amino acids isolated from biological material].. [J].Voprosy medit?sinsko?khimii,1981,27(5)[16] Poppe László. Preparation of unnatural amino acids with ammonia-lyases and2,3-aminomutases.. [J].Methods in Molecular Biology,2011,794[17] Wärmländer S. Imino proton exchange in DNA catalyzed by ammonia and trimethylamine: evidence for a secondary long-lived open state of the basepair.. [J].Biochemistry,2000,39(3)[18] Cermak R. Influence of ammonia on sodium absorption in rat proximalcolon.. [J].Pfluegers Archiv,2000,440(4)[19] Lv Yuan-Yuan. [Preparation of a zinc porphyrinated nanofibrous membrane and its ammonia sensing property].. [J].Zhejiang Daxue Xuebao (Yixue Ban),2012,41(3)[20] Fico M E. Species comparison of the influence of ammonia on orotic acid and urea biosynthesis in liver.. [J].The Journal of Nutrition,1984,114(3)4.High-accuracy continuous airborne measurements of greenhouse gases (CO2 andCH4) using the cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) technique作者：H. Chen , J. Winderlich , C. Gerbig , A. Hoefer , C. W. Rella , E. R.Crosson , A. D. Van Pelt , J. Steinbach , O. Kolle , V. Beck , B. C. Daube , E. W. Gottlieb , V. Y. Chow , G. W. Santoni , S. C. Wofsy刊名：Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 2010, Vol.3 (2), pp.375来源数据库：DOAJ期刊原始语种摘要：High-accuracy continuous measurements of greenhouse gases (CO2 and CH4) during the BARCA (Balanço Atmosférico Regional de Carbono na Amazônia) phase B campaign in Brazil in May 2009 were accomplished using a newly available analyzer based on the cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) technique. This analyzer was flown without a drying system or any in-flight calibration gases. Water vapor corrections associated with dilution and pressure-broadening effects for CO2 and CH4 were derived from laboratory experiments employing measurements of water vapor by the CRDS analyzer. Before the campaign, the stability of the analyzer was assessed by laboratory tests under simulated flight conditions. During the campaign, a comparison of CO2 measurements between the CRDS analyzer and a nondispersive infrared (NDIR) analyzer on board the same aircraft showed a mean difference of 0.22±0.09 ppm for all flights over the Amazon rain forest. At the end of the campaign, CO2 concentrations of the synthetic calibration gases used by the NDIR analyzer were determined by the CRDS analyzer. After correcting for the isotope and the pressure-broadening effects that resulted from changes of the composition of synthetic vs. ambient air, and applying those concentrations as calibrated values of the calibration gases to reprocess the CO2 measurements made by the NDIR, the mean difference between the CRDS and the NDIR during BARCA was reduced to 0.05±0.09 ppm, with the mean standard deviation of 0.23±0.05 ppm. The results clearly show that the CRDS is sufficiently stable to be used in flight without drying the air or calibrating in flight and the water corrections are fully adequate for high-accuracy continuous airborne measurements of CO2 and CH4.相似文献：[1] Kamahori M. Capillary array electrophoresis analyzer.. [J].Methods in Molecular Biology,2001,163[2] Fernandes B. Performance characteristics of the Sysmex XT-2000i hematology analyzer.. [J].Laboratory Hematology,2003,9(4)[3] Thomas R. [Mass spectrometer with magnetic analyser for low density plasma studies (author's transl)].. [J].Journal of physics E: Scientific instruments,1973,6(9)[4] Truchaud A. Liquid-phase reactions started by rehydrating lyophilized reagents in a centrifugal analyzer.. [J].Clinical Chemistry (Washington, DC),1985,31(9)[5] Marks V. Methane and the infra-red breath alcohol analyser.. [J].TheLancet,1984,2(8393)[6] Artiss J D. The application of a sensitive uricase-peroxidase couple reaction to a centrifugal fast analyser for the determination of uric acid.. [J].Clinica ChimicaActa,1981,116(3)[7] Räisänen Jouni. On-line monitoring of solvent emission rates using an open path FTIR analyser.. [J].Annals of Occupational Hygiene,2002,46(5)[8] Ravet. Accurate and fast PMD measurements by the fixed analysertechnique. [M].Electrotechnical Conference, 1998. MELECON 98., 9th Mediterranean,1998[9] Harvey H R. The use of the Iatroscan TH-10 analyzer to quantify total lipids in a variety of sample types and lipid classes in human gallbladder bile.. [J].Lipids,1985,20(8)[10] Carter R J. Measurement of aspartylglucosamine in physiological fluids with an amino acid analyzer: fused peak analysis with dual photometers.. [J].Analytical Biochemistry,1981,116(2)[11] N Takahashi. Development of the quadrupole mass spectrometer with theBessel-Box type energy analyzer: Function of the energy analyzer in the partial pressure measurements. [J].JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY A VACUUMS SURFACES AND FILMS,2001[12] N Takahashi. Development of the quadrupole mass spectrometer with the Bessel–Box type energy analyzer: Function of the energy analyzer in the partial pressure measurements. [J].Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films,2001,19(4)[13] J P Gupta. Interdisciplinary Physics and Related Areas of Science and Technology - Theory of purging of mutireflection sample cell of an infrared gas analyser. [J].Indian journal of pure & applied physics.,2000,38(5)[14] C -S Lee. The Influence of Polymer Molecular Weight on DeveloperStability. [J].Journal of imaging science.,1995,39(5)[15] Kouchi H. [Determination of 13C abundance in trace amounts of plant metabolites by the infrared 13CO2 analyzer].. [J].Radioisotopes,1985,34(6)[16] C Chow. Development of an on-line electrochemical analyser for trace level aluminium. [J].Analytica Chimica Acta,2003[17] C W Chow. Development of an on-line electrochemical analyser for trace level aluminium. [J].ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA,2003,499(1-2)[18] Christopher W K Chow. Development of an on-line electrochemical analyser for trace level aluminium. [J].Analytica chimica acta.,2003,499(1)[19] Christopher W K Chow. Development of an on-line electrochemical analyser for trace level aluminium. [J].Analytica Chimica Acta,2003,499(1-2)[20] Simon W Lewis. Monitoring urea levels during haemodialysis with a pulsed-flow chemiluminescence analyser. [J].Analytica Chimica Acta,2002,4615.Accurate measurements of carbon monoxide in humid air using the cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) technique作者：H. Chen , A. Karion , C. W. Rella , J. Winderlich , C. Gerbig , A. Filges , T. Newberger , C. Sweeney , P. P. Tans作者单位：NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305,USA;;Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA;;Picarro, Inc., Santa Clara, CA, USA;;Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany;;Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany刊名：Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 2013, Vol.6 (4), pp.1031-1040来源数据库：Copernicus期刊DOI：10.5194/amt-6-1031-2013原始语种摘要：Accurate measurements of carbon monoxide (CO) in humid air have been madeusing the cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) technique. The measurementsof CO mole fractions are determined from the strength of its spectralabsorption in thenear-infrared region (~1.57 μm) afterremoving interferences from adjacent carbon dioxide (CO2) and watervapor (H2O) absorption lines. Water correction functions that accountfor the dilution and pressure-broadening effects as well as absorption lineinterferences from adjacent CO2 and H2O lines have been derivedfor CO2 mole fractions between 360–390 ppm and for reported H2Omole fractions between 0–4%. The line interference corrections areindependent of CO mole fractions. The dependence of the... line interferencecorrection on CO2 abundance is estimated to be approximately −0.3 ppb/100 ppmCO2 for dry mole fractions of CO. Comparisons of watercorrection functions from different analyzers of the same type showsignificant differences, making it necessary to perform instrument-specificwater tests for each individual analyzer. The CRDS analyzer was flown on anaircraft in Alaska from April to November in 2011, and the accuracy of theCO measurements by the CRDS analyzer has been validated againstdiscreteNOAA/ESRL flask sample measurements made on board the same aircraft, with amean difference between integrated in situ and flask measurements of−0.6 ppb and a standard deviation of 2.8 ppb. Preliminary testing of CRDSinstrumentation that employs improved spectroscopic model functions forCO2, H2O, and CO to fit the raw spectral data (available since thebeginning of 2012) indicates a smaller water vapor dependence than themodels discussed here, but more work is necessary to fully validate theperformance. The CRDS technique provides an accurate and low-maintenancemethod of monitoring the atmospheric dry mole fractions of CO in humid airstreams.相似文献：[1] Canalis R F. Tetracycline bone labeling: an improved technique using incident fluorescence.. [J].Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology,1982,91(2 Pt 1)[2] Karl P. A new adhesive technique for microvascular anastomoses: a preliminary report.. [J].British Journal of Plastic Surgery,1981,34(1)[3] Herrmann R. [Fluorophotometry--a sensitive technic for the quantitative measurement of corneal endothelial function].. [J].Fortschritte der Ophthalmologie : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft,1985,82(6)[4] Polyzois G L. [Investment of impressions for model preparation: an alternative technic].. [J].Quintessenz der Zahntechnik,1984,10(3)[5] H. Chen. Accurate measurements of carbon monoxide in humid air using the cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) technique. [J].Atmospheric Measurement Techniques,2013,6(4)[6] Hu K. [An introduction of solvent-free(SPME) technique].. [J].Se pu = Chinese journal of chromatography / Zhongguo hua xue hui,2003,17(2)[7] Kurtoglu Arzu. Gold analysis by the gamma absorption technique.. [J].Applied Radiation and Isotopes,2002,58(1)[8] Maeda T. [Quasielastic light-scattering technique].. [J].Tanpakushitsu kakusan koso. Protein, nucleic acid, enzyme,1985(28)[9] Liu Zhen-ling. [Solid phase micro-extraction technique and its applications in medical analysis].. [J].Yaoxue Xuebao,2003,38(2)[10] Olofsson Marcus. Flux of organic compounds from grass measured by relaxed eddy accumulation technique.. [J].JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING,2004,5(6) [11] Fürst G. [Significance of computer-based evaluation of radiocardiographic data obtained using the scintillation crystal probe technic].. [J].Radiobiologia - Radiotherapia,1984,25(3)[12] Oster O. A methodological comparison of hydride and carbon furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy for the determination of selenium in serum.. [J].Clinica Chimica Acta,1982,124(3)[13] Hoogboom Johan. Novel alignment technique for LCD-biosensors.. [J].Chemical Communications,2003(23)[14] Shimura K. [Affinophoresis, a new technique which combines bioaffinity and electrophoresis].. [J].Tanpakushitsu kakusan koso. Protein, nucleic acid,enzyme,1985,30(12)[15] Zimmermann W. [Completely balanced occlusion in crown and bridgetechnic--arguments against].. [J].Quintessenz der Zahntechnik,1982,8(5)[16] Seki Hiroko. Application of difference NOE-pumping NMR technique and cold-spray ionization mass spectrometry to identify a ligand binding with a proteinreceptor.. [J].Analytical Sciences (Print),2004,20(10)[17] Cowan R D. Amalgam repair--a clinical technique.. [J].Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry,1983,49(1)[18] Gaj F. [Identification of internal fistolous orifice: evolution of methylene blue technique with a mini-probe].. [J].La Clinica Terapeutica,2012,163(2)[19] Wakumoto S. [Filling technics using dental amalgam].. [J].Shikai Tenbo,1983,62(1)[20] Rusak D A. DC arc vaporization as a sample introduction technique for analysis of solids by ICP-OES.. [J].Talanta,2008,44(11)6.Cavity ring-down spectroscopy of the oxygen B-band with absolute frequency reference to the optical frequency comb.作者：Domysławska J , Wójtewicz S , Lisak D , Cygan A , Ozimek F , StecK , Radzewicz Cz , Trawiński R S , Ciuryło R作者单位：Instytut Fizyki, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika, ul. Grudziadzka 5/7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland. jolka@fizyka.umk.pl刊名：The Journal of Chemical Physics, 2012, Vol.136 (2), pp.024201来源数据库：PubMed期刊DOI：10.1063/1.3675903原始语种摘要：Absolute positions of several oxygen B-band lines were measured with the Pound-Drever-Hall-locked frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectrometer. Thefrequency axis of spectra was linked to the optical frequency comb. Achieved uncertainties of line positions are between 0.9 and 2.9 MHz. Self-pressure shifts coefficients are also reported.翻译：绝对位置的几个测量氧气拾音系统行英镑Drever大厅锁频率稳定腔衰荡光谱。

光腔衰荡光谱(CRDS)技术

中国地质大学（武汉）材化学院课程名称：文件检索班级：031111姓名：刘欢学号：20111000544题目(4)：光腔衰荡光谱(CRDS)技术parison of water isotope-ratio determinations using two cavity ring-down instruments and classical mass spectrometry in continuous ice-core analysis作者：Olivia J. Maselli , Diedrich Fritzsche , Lawrence Layman , Joseph R. McConnell , Hanno Meyer作者单位：Desert Research Institute;;Alfred-Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research刊名：Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies, 2013, Vol.49 (3), pp.387-398来源数据库：Taylor & Francis期刊DOI：10.1080/10256016.2013.781598关键词：cavity ring-down ; hydrogen-2 ; ice-core ; isotope measurements ; methods and equipment ; oxygen-18 ; paleoclimatology ; water ;原始语种摘要：We present a detailed comparison between subsequent versions of commercially available wavelength-scanned cavity ring-down water isotope analysers(L2120-i and L2130-i, Picarro Inc.). The analysers are used in parallel in a continuous mode by adaption of a low-volume flash evaporation module. Application of the analysers to ice-core analysis is assessed by comparison between continuous water isotope measurements of a glacial ice-core from Severnaya Zemlya with discrete isotope-ratio mass spectrometry measurements performed on parallel samples from the same ice-core. The great advances between instrument versions, particularly in the measurement of δ2H, allow the continuous technique to achieve the same high level of accuracy and precision obtained using traditional isotope spectrometry techniques in a fraction of the experiment time. However, when applied to continuous ice-core measurements, increased integration times result in a compromise of the achievable depth resolution of the ice-core records.相似文献：[1] Olga Garmash. Deposition History of Polychlorinated Biphenyls to the Lomonosovfonna Glacier, Svalbard: A 209 Congener Analysis. [J].Environ. Sci. Technol.,2013[2] Ulrich Schimschal. Mathematical model of gamma-ray spectrometry borehole logging for quantitative analysis (Open-file report / United.... [M].,19812.Toward a real-time measurement of atmospheric mercury concentrations using cavity ring-down spectroscopy作者：X. Faïn , H. Moosmüller , D. Obrist刊名：Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, 2009, Vol.9 (5), pp.22143来源数据库：DOAJ期刊原始语种摘要：A new sensor based on cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) has been developed for the measurement of gaseous elemental mercury (Hg0) mass concentration with sub-ng m−3 detection limit and high temporal resolution. Cavity ring-down spectroscopy is a direct absorption technique that utilizes path lengths of up to multiple kilometers in a compact absorption cell and has a significantly higher sensitivity than conventional absorption spectroscopy. Our prototype uses a frequency-doubled, tuneable dye laser emitting pulses at ~253.65 nm with a pulse repetition frequency of 50 Hz. The dye laser incorporates a unique piezo element attached to its tuning grating allowing it to tune the laser on and off the Hg0 absorption line on a pulse to pulse basis to facilitate... differential absorption measurements. Hg0 absorption measurements with this CRDS laboratory prototype are highly linearly related to Hg0 concentrations determined by a Tekran 2537B analyzer over a Hg0 concentration range of four orders of magnitude, from 0.2 ng m−3 to 573 ng m−3 implying excellent linearity of both instruments. The current CRDS instrument has a~sensitivity of 0.10 ng m−3 at 10 s time resolution. This tool opens new prospects for the study of Hg0 because of its high temporal resolution and reduced limited sample volume requirements (<0.5 l of sample air). Future applications may include ambient Hg0 flux measurements with eddy covariance techniques, which require measurements of Hg0 concentrations with sub-ng m−3 sensitivity and sub-second time resolution.相似文献：[1] Paul J B. Ultrasensitive absorption spectroscopy with a high-finesse optical cavity and off-axis alignment.. [J].Applied Optics,2008,40(27)[2] Zingg W. Insulin absorption from the peritoneal cavity.. [J].Life support systems : the journal of the European Society for Artificial Organs,1985,3(4)[3] Synovets A S. [Effect of proteolytic enzymes and their inhibitors on absorption from the abdominal cavity].. [J].Fiziologicheski? zhurnal,1980,26(5)[4] Gherman Titus. Modelocked cavity--enhanced absorption spectroscopy.. [J].Optics Express,2002,10(19)[5] Morville Jérĵme. Effects of laser phase noise on the injection of a high-finesse cavity.. [J].Applied Optics,2002,41(33)[6] Williams Skip. Quantitative detection of singlet O2 by cavity-enhanced absorption.. [J].Optics Letters,2004,29(10)[7] Spuler Scott. Numerical analysis of beam propagation in pulsed cavity ring-down spectroscopy.. [J].Applied Optics,2002,41(15)[8] Zhao Hui. [Off-axis cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy detection techniques for the measurement of carbon dioxide].. [J].Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu FenXi/Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2012,32(1)[9] Garro Barrio J. [Causes of fractures in amalgam cavity restorations and their prevention].. [J].Revista de actualidad estomatológica espa?ola / Ilustre Consejo General de Colegios de Odontólogos y Estomatólogos de Espa?a,1984,44(335)[10] Douvitsas G P. [New aspects in cavity preparation for amalgamrestorations].. [J].Stomatologia,1983,40(4)[11] Thomas A E. Evaluation of principles of cavity preparation design.. [J].The Alabama journal of medical sciences,1983,20(4)[12] Eames W B. The effects of trichloroacetic acid on the hard and soft tissues of the oral cavity.. [J].Journal of the Georgia Dental Association,1973,47(2)[13] Wang T. Experimental observation of photon echoes and power-efficiency analysis ina cavity environment.. [J].Optics letters,2007,23(22)[14] Zippilli Stefano. Suppression of Bragg scattering by collective interference of spatially ordered atoms with a high-Q cavity mode.. [J].Physical Review Letters,2004,93(12) [15] Geremia J M. Inverse-problem approach to designing photonic crystals for cavity QED experiments.. [J].Physical Review E (Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics),2003,66(6 Pt 2)[16] Arrowsmith P. Short-cavity hydrogen-halide laser.. [J].Applied Optics,1983,22(17)[17] Tan H H. [Opinion of patients on cavity preparation by extended duty dental hygienists].. [J].Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Tandheelkunde,1981,88(2)[18] Shimamura Tatsuro. Crystal structure of the native chaperonin complex from Thermus thermophilus revealed unexpected asymmetry at thecis-cavity.. [J].Structure,2004,12(8)[19] Jewett A I. Accelerated folding in the weak hydrophobic environment of a chaperonin cavity: creation of an alternate fast folding pathway.. [J].PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA,2004,101(36)[20] Ewbank M D. Frequency shift and cavity length in photorefractiveresonators.. [J].Optics Letters,1985,10(10)3.Real-time monitoring of breath ammonia during haemodialysis: use of ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) and cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) techniques.作者：Neri Giovanni , Lacquaniti Antonio , Rizzo Giuseppe , Donato Nicola , Latino Mariangela , Buemi Michele作者单位：Correspondence and offprint requests to: Michele Buemi; E-mail:buemim@unime.it.刊名：Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation, 2012, Vol.27 (7), pp.2945-52来源数据库：PubMed期刊DOI：10.1093/ndt/gfr738原始语种摘要：Background The diffusion of high-performance analytical technology has opened prospects for breath diagnosis as a non-invasive diagnostic tool. In this study, ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) and cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) techniques were used to analyse ammonia gas NH3 in real-time in breath from patients undergoing haemodialysis (HD) treatment and any correlation with blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels and Kt/V were investigated. Methods We studied 20 patients on intermittent HD treatment. The first breath samples were taken before the start of dialysis and further breath samples were taken every hour during the treatment and after the end of the session. An evaluation was also made of 20 healthy volunteers, acting as controls [healthy subjects (HS)]. Results Breath ammonia... concentrations were higher in CRDS-HD (914.5 ±301.4 versus 280 ±120 parts per billion (p.p.b.), P < 0.0001) and IMS-HD patients(964.4 ±402.4 versus 280 ±120 p.p.b., P < 0.0001) than in HS. We assessedreal-time variations in the levels of NH3 and showed a continuous decrease in the levels of NH3. Expired NH3 correlated directly with BUN levels, both in the IMS-HD (P = 0.002; r = 0.84; P = 0.009; r = 0.76) and in the CRDS-HD group (P = 0.005; r = 0.80; P = 0.008; r = 0.77), respectively, both before and at the end of dialysis. A direct correlation with Kt/V was found in both groups studied (IMS-HD: P = 0.003; r = 0.82; CRDS-HD: P = 0.006; r = 0.79). Conclusions Breath monitoring of NH3 with IMS and CRDS techniques could be useful to assess the real-time clinical status of patients during HD. By using pre-dialysis ammonia values, an approximate calculation of the Kt/V(urea) ratio can be established.相似文献：[1] Neri Giovanni. Real-time monitoring of breath ammonia during haemodialysis: use of ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) and cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) techniques.. [J].Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation,2012,27(7)[2] Léonard Céline. The vibrational levels of ammonia.. [J].Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy,2002,58(4)[3] Thompson M. The bilayer lipid membrane as a basis for a selective sensor for ammonia.. [J].Talanta,1983,30(12)[4] Kretschmer Robert. Mechanistic aspects and elementary steps of N-H bond activation of ammonia and C-N coupling induced by gas-phase ions: a combinedexperimental/computational exercise.. [J].Chemistry: A European Journal,2011,18(1) [5] Vinogradoff V. Acetaldehyde solid state reactivity at low temperature: formation of the acetaldehyde ammonia trimer.. [J].The Journal of Physical Chemistry Part A: Molecules, Spectroscopy, Kinetics, Environment and General Theory,2012,116(9)[6] Jetzki Martin. Vibrational delocalization in ammonia aerosol particles.. [J].The Journal of Chemical Physics,2004,120(24)[7] Thompson Helen. Structural studies of ammonia and metallic lithium-ammonia solutions.. [J].American Chemical Society. Journal,2003,125(9)[8] Amaro Rommie. Developing an energy landscape for the novel function of a(beta/alpha)8 barrel: ammonia conduction through HisF.. [J].PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OFAMERICA,2003,100(13)[9] Bozoki Zoltan. Near-infrared diode laser based spectroscopic detection of ammonia: a comparative study of photoacoustic and direct optical absorption methods.. [J].Applied Spectroscopy,2002,56(6)[10] Rudling J. Development and evaluation of field methods for ammonia inair.. [J].Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health,1984,10(3)[11] Rodger M R. Enzymic fluorometric assay of plasma ammonia with a centrifugal analyzer.. [J].Clinical Chemistry (Washington, DC),1984,30(10)[12] Svensson G. Rapid determination of ammonia in whole blood and plasma using flow injection analysis.. [J].Clinica Chimica Acta,1982,119(1-2)[13] Danielson N D. Fluorometric determination of hydrazine and ammonia separately or in mixtures.. [J].Talanta,1982,29(5)[14] Nikolelis D P. Potentiometric determination of certain alpha-aminohydroxy compounds by using an ammonia gas-sensing electrode.. [J].Talanta,1982,29(11 Pt 1) [15] Pisarenko O I. [Emission spectroscopic determination of the 15N in the ammonia and amino acids isolated from biological material].. [J].Voprosy medit?sinsko?khimii,1981,27(5)[16] Poppe László. Preparation of unnatural amino acids with ammonia-lyases and2,3-aminomutases.. [J].Methods in Molecular Biology,2011,794[17] Wärmländer S. Imino proton exchange in DNA catalyzed by ammonia and trimethylamine: evidence for a secondary long-lived open state of the basepair.. [J].Biochemistry,2000,39(3)[18] Cermak R. Influence of ammonia on sodium absorption in rat proximalcolon.. [J].Pfluegers Archiv,2000,440(4)[19] Lv Yuan-Yuan. [Preparation of a zinc porphyrinated nanofibrous membrane and its ammonia sensing property].. [J].Zhejiang Daxue Xuebao (Yixue Ban),2012,41(3)[20] Fico M E. Species comparison of the influence of ammonia on orotic acid and urea biosynthesis in liver.. [J].The Journal of Nutrition,1984,114(3)4.High-accuracy continuous airborne measurements of greenhouse gases (CO2 andCH4) using the cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) technique作者：H. Chen , J. Winderlich , C. Gerbig , A. Hoefer , C. W. Rella , E. R.Crosson , A. D. Van Pelt , J. Steinbach , O. Kolle , V. Beck , B. C. Daube , E. W. Gottlieb , V. Y. Chow , G. W. Santoni , S. C. Wofsy刊名：Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 2010, Vol.3 (2), pp.375来源数据库：DOAJ期刊原始语种摘要：High-accuracy continuous measurements of greenhouse gases (CO2 and CH4) during the BARCA (Balanço Atmosférico Regional de Carbono na Amazônia) phase B campaign in Brazil in May 2009 were accomplished using a newly available analyzer based on the cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) technique. This analyzer was flown without a drying system or any in-flight calibration gases. Water vapor corrections associated with dilution and pressure-broadening effects for CO2 and CH4 were derived from laboratory experiments employing measurements of water vapor by the CRDS analyzer. Before the campaign, the stability of the analyzer was assessed by laboratory tests under simulated flight conditions. During the campaign, a comparison of CO2 measurements between the CRDS analyzer and a nondispersive infrared (NDIR) analyzer on board the same aircraft showed a mean difference of 0.22±0.09 ppm for all flights over the Amazon rain forest. At the end of the campaign, CO2 concentrations of the synthetic calibration gases used by the NDIR analyzer were determined by the CRDS analyzer. After correcting for the isotope and the pressure-broadening effects that resulted from changes of the composition of synthetic vs. ambient air, and applying those concentrations as calibrated values of the calibration gases to reprocess the CO2 measurements made by the NDIR, the mean difference between the CRDS and the NDIR during BARCA was reduced to 0.05±0.09 ppm, with the mean standard deviation of 0.23±0.05 ppm. The results clearly show that the CRDS is sufficiently stable to be used in flight without drying the air or calibrating in flight and the water corrections are fully adequate for high-accuracy continuous airborne measurements of CO2 and CH4.相似文献：[1] Kamahori M. Capillary array electrophoresis analyzer.. [J].Methods in Molecular Biology,2001,163[2] Fernandes B. Performance characteristics of the Sysmex XT-2000i hematology analyzer.. [J].Laboratory Hematology,2003,9(4)[3] Thomas R. 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The use of the Iatroscan TH-10 analyzer to quantify total lipids in a variety of sample types and lipid classes in human gallbladder bile.. [J].Lipids,1985,20(8)[10] Carter R J. Measurement of aspartylglucosamine in physiological fluids with an amino acid analyzer: fused peak analysis with dual photometers.. [J].Analytical Biochemistry,1981,116(2)[11] N Takahashi. Development of the quadrupole mass spectrometer with theBessel-Box type energy analyzer: Function of the energy analyzer in the partial pressure measurements. [J].JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY A VACUUMS SURFACES AND FILMS,2001[12] N Takahashi. Development of the quadrupole mass spectrometer with the Bessel–Box type energy analyzer: Function of the energy analyzer in the partial pressure measurements. [J].Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces, and Films,2001,19(4)[13] J P Gupta. Interdisciplinary Physics and Related Areas of Science and Technology - Theory of purging of mutireflection sample cell of an infrared gas analyser. [J].Indian journal of pure & applied physics.,2000,38(5)[14] C -S Lee. The Influence of Polymer Molecular Weight on DeveloperStability. [J].Journal of imaging science.,1995,39(5)[15] Kouchi H. [Determination of 13C abundance in trace amounts of plant metabolites by the infrared 13CO2 analyzer].. [J].Radioisotopes,1985,34(6)[16] C Chow. Development of an on-line electrochemical analyser for trace level aluminium. [J].Analytica Chimica Acta,2003[17] C W Chow. Development of an on-line electrochemical analyser for trace level aluminium. [J].ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA,2003,499(1-2)[18] Christopher W K Chow. Development of an on-line electrochemical analyser for trace level aluminium. [J].Analytica chimica acta.,2003,499(1)[19] Christopher W K Chow. Development of an on-line electrochemical analyser for trace level aluminium. [J].Analytica Chimica Acta,2003,499(1-2)[20] Simon W Lewis. Monitoring urea levels during haemodialysis with a pulsed-flow chemiluminescence analyser. [J].Analytica Chimica Acta,2002,4615.Accurate measurements of carbon monoxide in humid air using the cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) technique作者：H. Chen , A. Karion , C. W. Rella , J. Winderlich , C. Gerbig , A. Filges , T. Newberger , C. Sweeney , P. P. Tans作者单位：NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO 80305,USA;;Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA;;Picarro, Inc., Santa Clara, CA, USA;;Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany;;Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany刊名：Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 2013, Vol.6 (4), pp.1031-1040来源数据库：Copernicus期刊DOI：10.5194/amt-6-1031-2013原始语种摘要：Accurate measurements of carbon monoxide (CO) in humid air have been madeusing the cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) technique. The measurementsof CO mole fractions are determined from the strength of its spectralabsorption in thenear-infrared region (~1.57 μm) afterremoving interferences from adjacent carbon dioxide (CO2) and watervapor (H2O) absorption lines. Water correction functions that accountfor the dilution and pressure-broadening effects as well as absorption lineinterferences from adjacent CO2 and H2O lines have been derivedfor CO2 mole fractions between 360–390 ppm and for reported H2Omole fractions between 0–4%. The line interference corrections areindependent of CO mole fractions. The dependence of the... line interferencecorrection on CO2 abundance is estimated to be approximately −0.3 ppb/100 ppmCO2 for dry mole fractions of CO. Comparisons of watercorrection functions from different analyzers of the same type showsignificant differences, making it necessary to perform instrument-specificwater tests for each individual analyzer. The CRDS analyzer was flown on anaircraft in Alaska from April to November in 2011, and the accuracy of theCO measurements by the CRDS analyzer has been validated againstdiscreteNOAA/ESRL flask sample measurements made on board the same aircraft, with amean difference between integrated in situ and flask measurements of−0.6 ppb and a standard deviation of 2.8 ppb. Preliminary testing of CRDSinstrumentation that employs improved spectroscopic model functions forCO2, H2O, and CO to fit the raw spectral data (available since thebeginning of 2012) indicates a smaller water vapor dependence than themodels discussed here, but more work is necessary to fully validate theperformance. The CRDS technique provides an accurate and low-maintenancemethod of monitoring the atmospheric dry mole fractions of CO in humid airstreams.相似文献：[1] Canalis R F. Tetracycline bone labeling: an improved technique using incident fluorescence.. [J].Annals of Otology, Rhinology and Laryngology,1982,91(2 Pt 1)[2] Karl P. A new adhesive technique for microvascular anastomoses: a preliminary report.. [J].British Journal of Plastic Surgery,1981,34(1)[3] Herrmann R. [Fluorophotometry--a sensitive technic for the quantitative measurement of corneal endothelial function].. [J].Fortschritte der Ophthalmologie : Zeitschrift der Deutschen Ophthalmologischen Gesellschaft,1985,82(6)[4] Polyzois G L. [Investment of impressions for model preparation: an alternative technic].. [J].Quintessenz der Zahntechnik,1984,10(3)[5] H. Chen. Accurate measurements of carbon monoxide in humid air using the cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) technique. [J].Atmospheric Measurement Techniques,2013,6(4)[6] Hu K. [An introduction of solvent-free(SPME) technique].. [J].Se pu = Chinese journal of chromatography / Zhongguo hua xue hui,2003,17(2)[7] Kurtoglu Arzu. Gold analysis by the gamma absorption technique.. [J].Applied Radiation and Isotopes,2002,58(1)[8] Maeda T. [Quasielastic light-scattering technique].. [J].Tanpakushitsu kakusan koso. Protein, nucleic acid, enzyme,1985(28)[9] Liu Zhen-ling. [Solid phase micro-extraction technique and its applications in medical analysis].. [J].Yaoxue Xuebao,2003,38(2)[10] Olofsson Marcus. Flux of organic compounds from grass measured by relaxed eddy accumulation technique.. [J].JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING,2004,5(6) [11] Fürst G. [Significance of computer-based evaluation of radiocardiographic data obtained using the scintillation crystal probe technic].. [J].Radiobiologia - Radiotherapia,1984,25(3)[12] Oster O. A methodological comparison of hydride and carbon furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy for the determination of selenium in serum.. [J].Clinica Chimica Acta,1982,124(3)[13] Hoogboom Johan. Novel alignment technique for LCD-biosensors.. [J].Chemical Communications,2003(23)[14] Shimura K. [Affinophoresis, a new technique which combines bioaffinity and electrophoresis].. [J].Tanpakushitsu kakusan koso. Protein, nucleic acid,enzyme,1985,30(12)[15] Zimmermann W. [Completely balanced occlusion in crown and bridgetechnic--arguments against].. [J].Quintessenz der Zahntechnik,1982,8(5)[16] Seki Hiroko. Application of difference NOE-pumping NMR technique and cold-spray ionization mass spectrometry to identify a ligand binding with a proteinreceptor.. [J].Analytical Sciences (Print),2004,20(10)[17] Cowan R D. Amalgam repair--a clinical technique.. [J].Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry,1983,49(1)[18] Gaj F. [Identification of internal fistolous orifice: evolution of methylene blue technique with a mini-probe].. [J].La Clinica Terapeutica,2012,163(2)[19] Wakumoto S. [Filling technics using dental amalgam].. [J].Shikai Tenbo,1983,62(1)[20] Rusak D A. DC arc vaporization as a sample introduction technique for analysis of solids by ICP-OES.. [J].Talanta,2008,44(11)6.Cavity ring-down spectroscopy of the oxygen B-band with absolute frequency reference to the optical frequency comb.作者：Domysławska J , Wójtewicz S , Lisak D , Cygan A , Ozimek F , StecK , Radzewicz Cz , Trawiński R S , Ciuryło R作者单位：Instytut Fizyki, Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika, ul. Grudziadzka 5/7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland. jolka@fizyka.umk.pl刊名：The Journal of Chemical Physics, 2012, Vol.136 (2), pp.024201来源数据库：PubMed期刊DOI：10.1063/1.3675903原始语种摘要：Absolute positions of several oxygen B-band lines were measured with the Pound-Drever-Hall-locked frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectrometer. Thefrequency axis of spectra was linked to the optical frequency comb. Achieved uncertainties of line positions are between 0.9 and 2.9 MHz. Self-pressure shifts coefficients are also reported.翻译：绝对位置的几个测量氧气拾音系统行英镑Drever大厅锁频率稳定腔衰荡光谱。

腔衰荡光谱技术研究及应用

腔衰荡光谱技术研究及应用光谱技术是化学及物理研究中判别物质组成与物质类别的主要手段。

吸收光谱技术是光谱技术中最常见的形式，以其简单的实验原理、简易的实验装置及便捷的实验方法，被广泛应用于科学研究及生产实践的各个领域之中。

目前，部分已经测量精准的吸收光谱，如碘、汞、氖、钠的光谱等，已成为实验中定标绝对频率的参考。

高灵敏光谱技术的研究是分子光谱研究的一个重要环节。

腔衰荡光谱技术不仅具有较高的测量灵敏度，还可对样品的绝对吸收进行测量。

采用连续激光腔衰荡光谱技术，通过测量O2分子三重禁戒跃迁b1∑g+X3∑g-（3，0）带RQ（5）谱线(波数17266.090 cm-1处)，极限真空及不同气压下的衰荡时间，利用逼近法得到空腔寿命为2.9174 ms，由此拟合获得其绝对吸收截面为1.4998（±0.0967）×10-26cm2，与早先的文献估计值一致。

由空腔寿命获得的谐振腔高反镜的反射率为99.989（±0.001）％，较通常的测量方法更为精确，于是，本实验条件下的等效吸收程长比几何程长增大了约9090倍。

此外，基于光外差检测的腔衰荡光谱技术，避免了对衰荡时间的直接测量，同时消除了腔镜损耗的共模直流信号的测量，理论上其测量灵敏度可以达到量子噪声极限[Ye J and John L H, 2000 Phys. Rev. A. 61, 061802]。

光腔衰荡光谱技术

光腔衰荡光谱技术光腔衰荡光谱技术（Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy, CRDS）是一种高灵敏度、高分辨率的光学分析方法，可用于对气体、液体和固体样品进行非破坏性分析。

该技术与传统的光谱学方法比较，具有更高的信号强度和时间分辨率，可精确测量极低浓度下的样品。

该技术的原理是在一个封闭的，高品质因子的光学腔中反复反射的激光束和样品发生相互作用，实现光腔内的光强度变化的测量。

当有样品进入到光腔中，由于样品与光腔内的电磁波发生相互作用，会发生吸收和衰减。

衰减过程的衰荡时间由样品的吸收系数和光学腔的减衰率所决定。

在CRDS中，可以利用高品质因子的光学腔实现光强度的长时间测量，从而测量样品的吸收系数。

通过对比样品吸收系数与空气中已知浓度的标准物质的吸收系数，可以测量出样品中的物质浓度。

由于CRDS可以提供高信噪比的信号，并且与样品的性质、压力、温度等因素无关，因此在科研和工业界中都得到了广泛的应用。

CRDS可用于环境和大气监测、气候研究、医药和食品制药行业中的分析研究、生物分子的测量等领域。

同时，利用CRDS技术还可以实现同位素分析、蛋白质分析、纳米材料分析、材料表征以及液体或气体流动条件下的分析等。

然而，CRDS也存在着一些挑战和限制。

首先，光腔的设计和构造需要高精度的科技和技术，成本较高。

其次，CRDS在极低浓度和弱吸收的情况下更为优秀，但在极高浓度下则容易出现饱和现象。

此外，样品的温度、压力、流速等参数也对CRDS的精度和灵敏度产生影响。

综上所述，CRDS是一种高精度、非破坏性的光学分析技术，具有广泛的应用前景。

然而，其仍需要更多的技术进展和改进，以促进其在更广泛的领域中的应用。

光纤腔衰荡光谱技术及其最新进展

第28卷第4期　2008年12月物　理　学　进　展PRO GRESS IN P H YSICS Vol.28No.4　Dec.2008　文章编号:100020542(2008)0420401209收稿日期:2008208228基金项目:国家自然科学基金(10674075,60577018,10774077)、国家863计划项目(2006AA01Z217)、天津市自然科学基金重点项目(06YFJ Z J C00300)、中国博士后科学基金(20060400687)资助。

Email :dreamfly816@ ;zhangwg @光纤腔衰荡光谱技术及其最新进展刘亚萍,张伟刚,姜　萌,张　绮,刘　波,王　志,刘艳格(光电信息技术教育部重点实验室,南开大学现代光学研究所,天津300071)摘要:　阐述了腔衰荡光谱技术的基本原理及应用;从结构设计的角度考虑,归纳出光纤衰荡腔的三种基本结构,并对光纤腔衰荡光谱技术及其最新进展进行了评述;报道了我们采用脉冲光纤环衰荡光谱技术进行液体检测取得的最新进展;在总结光纤腔衰荡光谱技术优点的基础上,展望了其发展前景。

关键词:腔衰荡光谱;光纤腔衰荡光谱;光纤环;吸收光谱检测中图分类号:O65713　文献标识码:A0　引言腔衰荡光谱(CRDS :cavity ring 2down spect ros 2copy )技术是近20年发展起来的一种新型吸收光谱检测技术,具有极高的灵敏度和分辨率,且不受光源光强波动的影响,适用于微弱吸收光谱的测量,因而得到了广泛的关注和研究。

自1984年Anderson等人[1]首次运用腔衰荡光谱技术成功测量低损耗高反射膜的反射率之后,国内外研究者进一步发展了腔衰荡光谱技术,将其应用于原子、分子、团簇等吸收光谱的测量[2],分子反应动力学的研究[3],大气环境监测等领域[4],并获得了良好的研究成果。

最初,CRDS 建立在两个高反射镜形成的光学谐振腔之上,通过测量谐振腔内的光强衰减速率来获得腔内的损耗信息。

光腔衰荡光谱法原理

光腔衰荡光谱法原理问：光腔衰荡光谱法原理是什么？答：光腔衰荡光谱法原理是：光腔衰荡光谱法是通过测量时间而不是强度的变化来确定光学吸收。

光腔衰荡光谱法的主要部件是激光源、一对高反射性镜面形成的光共振腔和光探测器。

在光腔衰荡光谱法中，一小部分脉冲激光会进入光腔并且由高度反射性镜面反复多次反射，每次都有微小的光透过镜面而离开光腔，这部分光就构成了光衰荡信号，它的强度变化可以简单地用单指数衰减来描述。

光的衰荡是由于光在共振腔中的损失决定的，如果光腔是空的，衰荡时间取决于镜子的反射率，实际上空腔光衰荡时间并不是在真正的空腔里测量的，而是将激光调在光腔内气体分子没有吸收的波长下测量的。

当激光频率是在腔内分子的一条具体吸收线的峰顶时，光腔衰荡时间还要取决于分子的吸收，而分子的吸收服从比尔定律。

在光腔衰荡光谱法测量中，首先，要测量没有吸收时的衰荡时间，即空腔光衰荡时间，激光的频率此时应被调到分子没有吸收的位置；其次，再测量分子吸收高峰频率，即分子在激光频率V吸收截面位置的衰荡时间。

这两个测量位置的激光频率都处于镜面高反射区，反射率基本恒定。

分子密度可以很容易地转换成浓度。

气体中痕量水分含量取决于两个时间的测量，因此气体标准样品的标定是不必要的。

测量的准确性取决于分子常数——分子在激光频率V吸收截面的准确性，而分子在激光频率V吸收截面通常是由常规吸收方法精确测定了的，并可在文献中查询。

如果测量的两个时间：空腔光衰荡时间、分子在激光频率V吸收截面之间没有区别，那么就可以确定没有这个分子存在；如果空腔光衰荡时间、分子在激光频率V吸收截面的区别很大，说明分子浓度很大。

光腔衰荡时间之差，或者更加精确地说是衰荡时间的倒数，也就是衰减速度之差，即可确定分子的浓度。

由于分子在激光频率V吸收截面取决于镜子的反射率，它仅需要被测量一次，并且是相当稳定的，所以气体中痕量水分含量可用一次分子在激光频率V吸收截面的测量而决定，分子在激光频率V吸收截面一般在十到百微秒之间。

光腔衰荡法

光腔衰荡法摘要：1.光腔衰荡法的概述2.光腔衰荡法的原理3.光腔衰荡法的应用4.光腔衰荡法的优缺点正文：一、光腔衰荡法的概述光腔衰荡法是一种光纤通信技术，主要应用于光纤通信系统中的光信号传输和检测。

通过利用光腔的特性，可以实现对光信号的增强、衰减、调制等功能，从而提高光纤通信系统的性能。

二、光腔衰荡法的原理光腔衰荡法是基于光腔的共振原理，光腔是指一种具有特定谐振模式的光学腔体。

当光信号进入光腔时，会与光腔内的谐振模式相互作用，从而产生特定的衰荡特征。

光腔衰荡法的原理主要包括以下几个方面：1.光腔的谐振模式：光腔内的光波会形成一系列谐振模式，这些模式具有不同的空间分布和相位特征。

2.光信号与光腔的相互作用：当光信号进入光腔时，会与光腔内的谐振模式相互作用，从而产生特定的衰荡特征。

3.光腔衰荡法的应用：通过分析光腔的衰荡特征，可以实现对光信号的增强、衰减、调制等功能。

三、光腔衰荡法的应用光腔衰荡法在光纤通信领域具有广泛的应用，主要包括以下几个方面：1.光信号的增强和衰减：通过利用光腔的特性，可以实现对光信号的增强和衰减，从而满足不同光纤通信系统的需求。

2.光信号的调制：光腔衰荡法可以实现对光信号的调制，从而提高光纤通信系统的传输速率和传输距离。

3.光信号的检测：光腔衰荡法可以用于光信号的检测，通过分析光腔的衰荡特征，可以判断光信号的质量和传输性能。

四、光腔衰荡法的优缺点光腔衰荡法在光纤通信领域具有一定的优势，但同时也存在一些不足之处。

优势：1.可以实现对光信号的增强、衰减、调制等功能，提高光纤通信系统的性能。

2.具有较高的传输速率和传输距离。

3.可以用于光信号的检测，提高光纤通信系统的可靠性。

不足：1.对光腔的制作工艺要求较高，制备过程较为复杂。