Noise Action Plans for the Acoustic Protection of Urban Areas around the Athens International Ai
英文作文解决噪音
英文作文解决噪音Noise pollution has become an increasingly pressing issue in our modern world. The constant barrage of sounds from traffic, construction, industrial machinery, and even our own devices can have a significant impact on our physical and mental well-being. As we strive to create a more sustainable and livable environment, finding effective solutions to noise pollution is crucial. In this essay, we will explore various strategies and approaches to address this growing problem.One of the primary contributors to noise pollution is transportation. The incessant hum of vehicles, particularly in urban areas, can be a source of significant disturbance for residents. To tackle this issue, a multi-pronged approach is necessary. Firstly, promoting the use of electric and hybrid vehicles can significantly reduce the noise levels emitted by traditional internal combustion engines. These eco-friendly alternatives not only lower noise pollution but also contribute to a reduction in overall environmental impact.Additionally, implementing strict noise regulations for vehicles,including mandatory sound-dampening measures and noise-reducing tires, can help mitigate the problem. Governments and policymakers can play a crucial role in enforcing such regulations and ensuring that vehicle manufacturers adhere to stringent noise standards.Another significant contributor to noise pollution is the construction industry. The cacophony of machinery, power tools, and heavy equipment can disrupt the peace and tranquility of surrounding neighborhoods. To address this, construction companies should be required to use low-noise equipment and implement sound-dampening techniques on-site. This could include the use of acoustic barriers, sound-absorbing materials, and scheduling construction activities during less disruptive hours.Furthermore, urban planners and architects can play a vital role in designing buildings and infrastructure that minimize noise pollution. By incorporating soundproofing materials, strategic placement of noise-generating elements, and the integration of green spaces, they can create more harmonious and acoustically-friendly environments.Industrial facilities and manufacturing plants are also major sources of noise pollution. These establishments should be required to implement comprehensive noise control measures, such as the installation of sound-absorbing panels, the use of low-noiseequipment, and the implementation of acoustic enclosures for particularly noisy machinery. Regular monitoring and enforcement of noise regulations within these industries are essential to ensure compliance and reduce the impact on surrounding communities.In addition to addressing the sources of noise pollution, it is also crucial to consider the impact of noise on individuals and communities. Exposure to excessive noise can lead to a range of health issues, including stress, sleep disturbances, and even hearing loss. To mitigate these effects, public awareness campaigns and educational initiatives can be implemented to help people understand the risks of noise pollution and empower them to take action.One effective strategy is to establish designated "quiet zones" in urban areas, where noise levels are strictly regulated and enforced. These zones can be created around sensitive areas such as hospitals, schools, and residential neighborhoods, providing respite from the constant din of the city.Furthermore, the development of innovative sound-masking technologies can play a significant role in addressing noise pollution. These technologies involve the strategic placement of sound-generating devices that produce unobtrusive, non-disruptive background noise, effectively "masking" the more intrusive soundsand creating a more peaceful environment.Another approach to solving noise pollution is to promote the use of natural soundscapes. By incorporating more green spaces, parks, and urban forests into our communities, we can leverage the soothing sounds of nature to counteract the cacophony of modern life. These natural environments not only provide acoustic relief but also offer additional benefits, such as improved mental health, reduced stress levels, and increased opportunities for outdoor recreation.In conclusion, addressing the issue of noise pollution requires a multifaceted approach that involves collaboration among various stakeholders, including policymakers, urban planners, industry leaders, and the general public. By implementing a combination of regulatory measures, technological innovations, and community-based initiatives, we can work towards creating a more peaceful and harmonious living environment for all. As we continue to navigate the challenges of our rapidly urbanizing world, the need to prioritize noise reduction and soundscape management will only become more pressing. Through a concerted effort and a commitment to sustainable solutions, we can ensure that our cities and communities become havens of tranquility, where the sounds of progress do not come at the expense of our well-being.。
如何提高音响效率英语作文
如何提高音响效率英语作文Title: Enhancing Sound System Efficiency。
In today's modern world, sound systems play a crucial role in various aspects of our lives, from entertainment venues to educational institutions and workplaces. With the advancement of technology, the demand for high-quality sound systems has increased significantly. However, merely having advanced equipment is not enough; optimizing the efficiency of sound systems is equally essential. In this essay, we will explore effective strategies to enhance sound system efficiency.First and foremost, selecting the right equipment is paramount. Investing in high-quality speakers, amplifiers, mixers, and other audio devices lays the foundation for a superior sound system. When choosing equipment, factors such as power output, frequency response, and durability should be carefully considered to ensure optimal performance.Moreover, proper system design and configuration play a crucial role in maximizing sound system efficiency. This includes strategically placing speakers to achieve optimal coverage and minimize sound distortion, as well as configuring amplifiers and equalizers to match theacoustics of the venue. Utilizing sound modeling software can aid in simulating different configurations andselecting the most suitable setup for specific environments.In addition to hardware considerations, tuning is another essential aspect of enhancing sound system efficiency. Tuning involves adjusting various parameters such as equalization, crossover points, and time alignmentto achieve the desired sound quality. This process requires technical expertise and may involve conducting sound tests and measurements to fine-tune the system effectively.Furthermore, regular maintenance and upkeep are crucial for ensuring the long-term efficiency of sound systems.This includes cleaning and inspecting equipment, replacing worn-out components, and updating firmware and software tokeep the system running smoothly. Implementing a maintenance schedule and conducting periodic checks can help prevent potential issues and prolong the lifespan of the equipment.Another effective strategy for enhancing sound system efficiency is investing in acoustic treatment. Acoustic treatment involves modifying the physical properties of a room to improve sound quality and reduce reverberation and unwanted noise. This can be achieved through theinstallation of acoustic panels, bass traps, and diffusers, as well as adjusting the layout and furnishings of the room to minimize sound reflections.Moreover, incorporating advanced technologies such as digital signal processing (DSP) and networked audio can further enhance sound system efficiency. DSP allows forreal-time processing and optimization of audio signals, enabling precise control over various parameters such as dynamics, equalization, and spatialization. Networked audio systems facilitate seamless integration and control of multiple audio devices, streamlining setup and operationprocesses.In conclusion, enhancing sound system efficiency requires a combination of careful planning, proper equipment selection, tuning, maintenance, and utilization of advanced technologies. By implementing these strategies, sound engineers and audio enthusiasts can ensure optimal performance and superior sound quality in various applications. Ultimately, a well-designed and efficiently tuned sound system enhances the overall listening experience and contributes to the success of any event or venue.。
噪声污染英语作文
噪声污染英语作文Title: The Perils of Noise Pollution: Impact and Solutions。
Noise pollution is a pervasive issue that plagues modern society, posing significant threats to human health, wildlife, and overall well-being. In urban environments especially, the incessant clamor of traffic, construction, industrial activities, and social gatherings creates a cacophony that disrupts the natural order and tranquility of our surroundings. This essay delves into the detrimental effects of noise pollution and proposes actionablesolutions to mitigate its impact.Firstly, noise pollution exacts a toll on human health, both physical and psychological. Prolonged exposure to high levels of noise has been linked to an array of health problems, including hearing impairment, hypertension, sleep disturbances, and heightened stress levels. Chronic noise exposure can elevate the risk of cardiovascular diseasesand compromise cognitive functions, impairing concentration and productivity. Moreover, the incessant din of urban life can contribute to mental health disorders such as anxiety and depression, eroding the quality of life for millions of individuals worldwide.Furthermore, noise pollution disrupts ecosystems and threatens wildlife populations. Many species rely on acoustic cues for communication, navigation, and foraging, and excessive noise can interfere with these vital behaviors. Marine mammals, such as whales and dolphins, are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of underwater noise pollution generated by shipping, sonar, and oil exploration activities. Terrestrial animals also suffer, as anthropogenic noise disrupts breeding patterns, disrupts predator-prey dynamics, and fragments habitats, leading to declines in biodiversity and ecosystem stability.To address the multifaceted challenges posed by noise pollution, concerted efforts are required at various levels, spanning legislation, urban planning, technological innovation, and public awareness campaigns. Governmentsmust enact stringent noise regulations and enforce existing laws to curb excessive noise emissions from industries, transportation, and recreational activities. Urban planners should prioritize the integration of noise-reducing measures into city design, such as sound barriers, green spaces, and buffer zones between residential areas and noisy infrastructure.Moreover, advancements in technology offer promising avenues for noise mitigation. The development of quieter transportation modes, such as electric vehicles and hybrid engines, can significantly reduce traffic noise in urban areas. Likewise, the implementation of noise-reducing technologies in manufacturing processes and construction activities can minimize noise emissions at the source. Additionally, the use of sound-absorbing materials in building construction and infrastructure projects can help attenuate noise propagation and create quieter urban environments.Education and public awareness campaigns play a pivotal role in fostering a culture of noise consciousness andencouraging individuals to adopt sound conservation practices in their daily lives. By raising awareness about the adverse effects of noise pollution and promoting responsible behavior, communities can collectively work towards preserving acoustic sanctuaries and safeguarding the well-being of both humans and wildlife.In conclusion, noise pollution poses a significant threat to human health, wildlife, and environmental integrity, necessitating urgent action to mitigate its adverse impacts. Through a combination of legislative measures, technological innovations, urban planning strategies, and public engagement initiatives, we canstrive towards creating quieter, more harmonious living environments for present and future generations. By addressing noise pollution comprehensively, we can pave the way for a healthier, more sustainable coexistence with our auditory surroundings.。
噪声标准翻译相关单词
technical specification 技术规范high voltage direct current 高压直流high voltage direct current substation 高压直流换流站audible noise 可听噪声foreword 前言scope 范围normative reference 引用标准sound radiation 声辐射acoustic fields 声场directivity of sound radiation 声辐射的方向性background noise 背景噪声topography 地形meteorological conditions 气象条件noise level 噪声级noise level limits 噪声限值land-use classificationstime duration 持续时间noise performance limits 噪声性能限值sound pressure level 声压级A-weighted sound pressure levels A计权声压级sound emitting sources 声辐射源noise source 声源converter transformer 换流变压器power transformer 交流电源变压器transformer winding noise 变压器绕组噪声reactor 电抗器mechanism of sound generation 声音产生机制AC filter reactors 交流滤波电抗器smoothing reactors 平波电抗器self-tuned filter reactors 自调谐滤波电抗器capacitor 电容器cooling fan 冷却风机switching device 开关设备synchronous compensator 同步补偿器diesel generators 柴油发电机air conditioning plant 空气调节装置cooling circuit pump 冷却循环泵converter valve 换流阀air compressor 空气压缩机corona source 电晕源sound reduction measure 降噪措施substation layout 变电站布局tanked reactor 箱式电抗器air-cored reactor 空心电抗器enclosure 机壳damping 阻尼active noise 有源噪声vibration mitigation 振动缓解operation condition 运行条件normal operation condition 正常运行条件exceptional operation condition 异常运行条件sound level prediction 声级预测transmission path 传播路径calculation procedure 计算过程sequence of calculation 计算顺序attention term 衰减项result presentation 结果描述sound power 声功率级component sound power 组件声功率级force spectrum 力谱transfer function calculationsound pressure measurement 声压测量correction for background noise 背景噪声修正sound intensity 声强sound intensity measurement 声强测量key components 主要组件verification of key components 主要组件的检验acoustic environment 声学环境noise regulation 噪声控制point source 点声源spherical spreading 球体传播hemispherical spreading 半球传播quarter-spherical spreading 四分之一球体传播sound refraction 声音折射wind gradient 风梯度dry-type air-core reactor 干式空心电抗器magnetic field 磁场reactor winding 电抗器绕组symmetrical breathing mode 对称呼吸模式flexural mode 弯曲模式axial constraint 轴向约束spectrum of current 电流频谱electrostatic force 静电力converter harmonic 换流器谐波AC network harmonic 交流网络谐波equivalent source 等效声源geometrical parameter 几何参数reflecting obstacle 反射障碍物mirror source 镜面声源vibration velocity 振速resonance frequency 共振频率octave band 倍频程outdoor audible noise 户外可听噪声prospective contractor 前瞻性承包商HVDC project 高压直流输电项目flexible AC transmission system 柔性交流输电系统static Var compensator 静止型无功功率补偿装置static synchronous compensators 静止同步补偿器dated reference 标有日期的引用标准undated reference 未标日期的引用标准latest edition 最新版本sound level meter 声级计pattern evaluation test 模式评价试验preferred frequency 优选频率basic standard 基本标准reverberant field 混响声场test room 测试室reflecting plane 反射平面engineering method 工程方法precision method 精确方法anechoic and hemi-anechoic room 消声室和半消声室measurement surface 测量表面enveloping measurement surface 封闭测量表面multisource industrial plant 多源工业设备discrete point 离散点pressure variation 压力变化elastic medium 弹性介质sound wave 声波static pressure 静态声压r.m.s 有效值reference sound pressure 基准声压threshold of audibility 听觉阈average sound pressure level 平均声压级total sound pressure level 总声压级constant density 恒定密度speed of sound 声速normal sound intensity 法向声强sound intensity level 声强级reference sound intensity 基准声强normal sound intensity level 法向声强级sound power 声功率sound energy 声能量Smoothing reactor is one of the major noise source of the UHVDC converter station, and it is becoming increasingly important. In this paper, we study smoothing reactors ,with enclosures or not, under single-frequency test harmonic current, which frequency is 50 Hz, 150 Hz and 300 Hz, to test its sound power level in all frequency by sound pressure method . By analysis, the main noise component of smoothing reactor is generated by 300 Hz working current. Under 300 Hz working current conditions, applying spectrum analyzers and acoustic imaging system measure noise narrowband spectrum of smoothing reactors with enclosures or not, and acoustic imaging .Thereby, we can locate the noise sources as well as analysis the influence of enclosure for noise radiation of smoothing reactor. It can provide a basis for further research of the noise radiation characteristics of smoothing reactor.。
低噪声下海音频信号条件和记录系统说明书
A Novel Conditioning and Recording System of Low-noise Underwater AcousticSignalNi Xiuhui, Zheng Yi*, Meng Qingming Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ocean Environment Monitoring Technology Shandong Academy of Sciences Institute of Oceanographic InstrumentationQingdao, ChinaLi Weidong People's Hospital of Zhao YuanYantai, ChinaAbstract—A novel conditioning and recording system of Low-noise underwater acoustic signal is proposed in order to coordinate the applied vector hydrophones. The low-noise analog circuit design is taken into account seriously according to the requirements of high precision and low distortion of underwater acoustic data. Compared with other similar systems, it features on miniaturization, high dynamic range, low distortion and low power consumption.Keywords-Underwater acoustic experiment, Low noise, Data recording, MSP430I.I NTRODUCTIONMost of underwater acoustic signals picked up by sensors like hydrophones are very weak, which requires a data acquisition system with high SNR performance.In order to obtain high-quality experimental data, An underwater acoustic data recording system is accomplished based on low-noise analog circuit design techniques, this system also features on high dynamic range, low distortion signal acquisition while achieving high sample rate and real time storage. This paper describes the Date Recording system of Underwater Acoustic Data in detail, including both the hardware and software implementation, as well as the key design challenges and the techniques employed to meet the specifications.The system is applied in the marine-self noise field measurement experiment which using the combined acoustic vector sensors. Therefore, four channel signals are collected and stored by this system. one channel is sound pressure signal, and other channels are particle velocity signals.The workflow and the structure of proposed system are shown in Fig.1 and Fig.2.Figure 1.The workflow of the recording systemFigure 2. The structure of the recording systemThis proposed system includes the following functions:•Variable gain amplification of acoustic signals;•High order band-pass filter;•Data acquisition and storage.According to the require of high dynamic range signal acquisition, the power supply of analog board comes from positive and negative 12 volt lithium battery. The acoustic signals after conditioning can swing up to ±10v with little distortion. Thus, it is suitable to choose a ±10v input range ADC like the 16-bit LT1859 for the digitization of analog signals. and the 5v、3.3v voltage is generated by low quiescent current LDO for the overall digital system power supply.II.T HE D ESIGN OF H ARDWAREThe design of analog circuit includes multi-level signal amplification、high-pass filter、low-pass filter and phase adjust section. The purpose of analog circuit mainly is to extract the useful signal from the noises, filter out unwanted interference and increase signal amplitude.Low-noise preamplifier should be used because low noise is one of the important characteristic for the conditioning of underwater acoustic signal. The ADI instrument amplifier AD8221 is taken for amplifier of the velocity signals channel whose the noise density of input voltage is 8 /nV Hz. Due to the high source impedance of piezoceramic pressure sensors, the JFET input, monolithicinstrumentation amplifier AD8220 is selected instead. Using JFET transistors, the AD8220 offers extremely high input impedance, extremely low bias currents, therefore, minimize the current noise which is the main problem of high source impedance sensors.The useful signal needs to be extracted form a variety of background noises by appropriate filters. Low-frequency signal is eliminated by the high-pass filter in order to avoid the output saturation cause by the low frequency marine hydrodynamic noise, and then the high frequency noise is almost completely removed by the 8th-order order low-pass Butterworth filter which has the least attenuation for all frequencies in the pass band. The Sallen–Key topology is used to implement both the 6-order high-pass and 8-order low-pass Butterworth filters that are particularly valued for its simplicity. Just one single amplifier, two resistors and two capacitors are needed by the 2-order filter of SK topology structure at the unit gain as are shown in Fig.3. The RC value can be calculated through the assisted tools of filter design, and pay attention to that the metal film resistors of smallerresistance value help to reduce system noise [1].Figure 3. A unity-gain low-pass filter implemented with a Sallen–Keytopology.Where the undamped natural frequency fo and Q factor (i.e., damping ratio ζ) are given by(1) And, (2)So,(3) The intensity of underwater acoustic signal is in the range of 104 orders of magnitude [2], The PGA section amplification circuit of this system carry out the adjustment of the overall gain from 20dB-80dB by different feedback resistors which are selected by analog switch DG211, so that the signal sampling of a large dynamic range is achieved. Besides, this system also includes amplifier circuits used in the impedance isolation and RC phase adjustment circuit. It is better that it is independent for four-channel analog board or a PCB board is made for the minimum interference among four channels, and the even channels of ADC are grounded to achieve the previous purpose. In the noise test of the electronic system, the analog signal input is grounded, the electronic system is configured to 4000 times amplification, and we found the output noise is about 10mv. Therefore, the valid noise of input terminal is 10mv/4000=2.5uv. The analog circuits are fully tested for low noise (less than 10uV noise).By the way, the high order filters also contribute to the low noise performance because it filtered out most of the high frequency noise. The low-pass and high-pass filters are cascade by SK topology using the low-noise amplifier OP2177. The magnitude-frequency characteristic is shown in Fig4. (The pass band is 10-500Hz in this case, and it canbe adjusted as needed to design)Figure 4. Amplitude frequency response of analog circuitsThe design of digital circuit includes MCU and interfacewith various peripherals.The Texas Instruments MSP430 family of ultra low power microcontrollers consists of several devices featuring lower power consumption, and 25MIPS CPU speed [3]. The5xx series MSP430 chip -Msp430F5438A have beenselected for governing digital system. This kind of devicesare complete system on-a-chip and in clued many integrated peripherals like Direct Memory Access (DMA) modules,UARTs, etc. All these characteristics make them a very attractive choice for this design.The media chosen to store the experimental data acquiredduring an inspection is a Secure Digital cards. Which is removable Flash-based storage devices that are gaining in popularity in small consumer devices such as digital cameras. Their small size, relative simplicity, low power consumption, and low cost make them an ideal solution for many applications. This interface combined with the MSP430, can form the foundation for a low-cost, long-life data logger. So, the SD card is a good choice for the underwater acoustic signal recording system when the data collection system takes a long time to collect and record huge amounts of data. It has two optional protocols: the SD mode and the SPI mode. All of data exchange can be completed by the four lines in the SPI mode, which greatly simplify the design of hardware circuit. The interface between SD and the MCU is use the SPI protocol which is shown in Fig.5.Figure 5. SD Card Schematic-SPI ModeThis system takes the 16bit softspan ADC chip LTC1859 in order to meet the 10V sampling of positive and negative analog signal. 16-bit resolution analog to digital conversion provides a responsive instrument capable of registering changes as small as one part in 65536 (0.000015% of the full scale measurement range). Besides, the voltage reference of chip internal is 10ppm, the SNR is 87dB, these features are all very important for a high-quality data acquisition system. It is connected to MCU through SPI interface, as is shown in Fig.6.Figure 6. ADC chip interface with the MCUThe electronic compass, with a pointing accuracy of 1º rms, uses the low-power three-dimensional digital compass of the PNI Company, and it is linked to MCU through RS232 interface.All the interfaces like SPI and 232 are industrial standard and therefore very convenient for firmware development and debug.III. T HE D ESIGN OF F IRMWAREThe mount of data to be collected can be estimated as shown in Equation 4. Fs is the sampling frequency, Word_Size is the number of bytes needed to store one single sensor read (2bytes for a16-bit resolution), N ch the number of sensor. T is the recording time in seconds. As at 10k sampling rate from four channels for an hour , the amount of data to be collected is:Data_Size = fs*Word_Size* N ch *T(4) =10240*2*4*3600=294912000bytes=280Mbytes The 32G SD card can fulfill 4 days deployment storage.The data from this recording system is writing directly in the sector rather than through the creation of file system storage, which results in higher writing speed.The writing sector of SD card consists of three procedures: sent the writing sector command to the SD card; transmit data to the SD card; the SD card internal programming. Here I must say The SD card programming internal needn’t the CPU intervention, however, the time-consuming of one sector can reach up to hundreds of mill-seconds [5]. So in order to achieve the high-speed writing of SD card, big RAM caches are essential. And The DMA capabilities available in the MSP430 MCU, that permit fast data transfers without CPU intervention, are of a great advantage in applications where high sampling rates are required. The strategy of high-speed recording proposed below also relies on the exploitation of the DMA capabilities The classic double-buffer strategy is adopted, Two array of memory buffers of 512*12 bytes each is used to temporarily store the acquired data while is being transferred to the SD card. Let us focus on the data acquisition strategy implemented in the MCU: 1. 0.1ms timer interrupts is established for the sampling rate of 10k. The four channels is sampled once the interrupts is carried out, all of eight bytes from 2 bytes per channel is continuously written in the established AdcBuffer; 2. After 768 interrupts, the AdcBuffer of 6K is full, and the DMA is opened so that the data in the AdcBuffer is transmitted to the MMCBuffer of the same capacity; 3. Meanwhile, the new sampled data is over write in AdcBuffer. 4. The 6K bytes data will be transmitted to the SD card once the DMA transmission is completed;The flow chart of this strategy is shown in Fig.7. With the 16K RAM and DMA modules of Msp430F5438A combined with 25Mips processing speed, the real-time data recording up to 20ksps four channels is achieved. The high-speed SD card is used in this Stand-alone data logger with configurable sample rate from as low as 0.001 Hz up to as high as 10,000 samples per second.Figure 7. The system sampling and real-time handlingIV.C ONCLUSIONSeveral tests have been performed in order to ensure the low-noise performance on the analog circuits and check the effectiveness of the strategies adopted to optimize the SD real-time writing performance of the recording system.The system provides a reliable data acquisition platform for the underwater acoustic experiment, satisfying the requirements derived from the targeted application, in terms of sampling rate, resolution, data storage capabilities and power consumption. Besides, the dynamic range of signal is greater than 70dB, and the equivalent input noise is less than 10μv, the pass-band ripple is less than 0.1dB, the phase difference among channels is small. Also, the operating current of the whole system is about 80mA, the entire system is lightweight and portable if the high-energy lithium-ion battery is adopted, and it is convenient to be placed in equipment and deploy. In a word, this system is very feasible in the marine environment noise field measurement experiment for the use on underwater acoustic signal logging.A CKNOWLEDGMENTThe first author wishes to thank Zheng yi and Yang guang for their valuable comments that improved the qualityof this paper. And this paper was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 40806044, and supported by the QingDao Science and Technology Planning Project Fund of China under Grant 10-3-4-9-2-jch, and supported by Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of the Shandong Academy of Sciences under Grant Y09-2.R EFERENCES[1]Henry, Wang pei-qing, etc. The noise suppression and attenuationtechnology of electronic systems[M]. Electronic industry press, 2003(In Chinese).[2]Liu bo-sheng, Lei jia-yu etc. Underwater acoustic principle [M].Harbin engineering university press, 2010 (In Chinese).[3]Texas Instruments Incorporated. MSP430 Family User's Guideslau208g. /.[4]Linear Technology Corporation. LTC1859 Datasheet./.[5]SanDisk. Secure Digital Card Product Manual - Revision 1.7,September 2003.。
噪音对海洋影响英语作文
噪音对海洋影响英语作文Title: The Impact of Noise Pollution on the Ocean。
The ocean, a vast expanse of life and mystery, is not immune to the effects of human activity. Among the various forms of pollution it faces, noise pollution stands out as a significant but often overlooked threat. In this essay, we will delve into the detrimental effects of noise pollution on the ocean ecosystem and explore potential solutions to mitigate its impact.Firstly, it is crucial to understand the sources of oceanic noise pollution. Anthropogenic activities such as shipping, construction, offshore drilling, and naval exercises are primary contributors. These activities introduce sounds ranging from low-frequency hums to deafening blasts, disrupting the natural acoustic environment of the ocean. Additionally, the proliferation of maritime transportation has led to an increase in vessel traffic, amplifying noise levels in marine habitats.The consequences of noise pollution on marine life are profound and multifaceted. One of the most affected groupsis marine mammals, particularly cetaceans like whales and dolphins, which rely heavily on sound for communication, navigation, and foraging. Excessive noise can interferewith their ability to echolocate, locate prey, and communicate with conspecifics, leading to disorientation, stress, and even strandings.Furthermore, noise pollution impacts various other marine organisms, including fish, invertebrates, and plankton. Studies have shown that prolonged exposure to anthropogenic noise can disrupt fish behavior, such as feeding and reproduction patterns, ultimately affecting population dynamics. Invertebrates with sensitive auditory structures may suffer from direct physical damage oraltered behavior due to noise-induced stress. Even plankton, the foundation of the marine food web, can experience changes in distribution and abundance in response to noise disturbance.The ecological repercussions of noise pollution extend beyond individual species to entire marine ecosystems. Changes in animal behavior and population dynamics can disrupt trophic interactions, leading to cascading effects throughout the food web. For example, declines in fish populations due to noise disturbance can affect the abundance of their predators, ultimately impacting higher trophic levels, including marine birds and mammals.In addition to ecological impacts, noise pollution poses socio-economic challenges, particularly for coastal communities dependent on marine resources. The disturbance of fish populations and alteration of habitat due to noise pollution can jeopardize livelihoods reliant on fishing and tourism. Furthermore, noise pollution from maritime activities can degrade the quality of recreational experiences, diminishing the aesthetic value of coastal environments.Addressing the issue of oceanic noise pollution requires a multi-faceted approach involving collaboration among governments, industries, scientists, and conservationorganizations. Implementing regulations to limit noise emissions from shipping, offshore construction, and military exercises is essential. This can include measures such as the use of quieter vessel designs, speed restrictions in sensitive areas, and the establishment of marine protected areas where noise levels are controlled.Furthermore, technological innovations can play a crucial role in reducing noise pollution. Advancements in ship design, propulsion systems, and underwater construction techniques can help minimize noise emissions without compromising operational efficiency. Additionally, the development of acoustic monitoring systems can aid in assessing noise levels in the ocean and identifying areas of concern.Education and public awareness are also vital components of mitigating oceanic noise pollution. By raising awareness about the impacts of noise pollution on marine life and ecosystems, individuals can make informed choices and advocate for policy changes. Engaging stakeholders through outreach programs, educationalcampaigns, and citizen science initiatives can foster a sense of stewardship for the ocean and promote collective action towards conservation efforts.In conclusion, noise pollution poses a significant threat to the health and integrity of the ocean ecosystem. Its detrimental effects on marine life, ecological processes, and human well-being underscore the urgent need for concerted action. By implementing regulatory measures, fostering technological innovation, and raising public awareness, we can work towards mitigating the impacts of noise pollution and preserving the acoustic sanctity of the ocean for future generations.。
汽车消声器的声学性能分析与结构优化
48机械设计与制造Machinery Design&Manufacture第4期2021年4月汽车消声器的声学性能分析与结构优化顾倩霞，左言言，赵海卫，宋文兵(江苏大学振动噪声研究所，江苏镇江212013)摘要：针对某三缸发动机排气嗓声超出目标限值，将声学性能作为评价指标，利用b声学有限元樸块对排气消声器的声学性能进行仿真分析，对比传递损失试验结果对该声学软件的仿真精度作出评价:b软件在整个频段与试验值较为接近，能准确的反映消声器的声学性能。
根据原排气消声器的传递损失分析结果,提出亥姆霍兹共振腔结构及阻抗复合型结构等参数设计的前后端消声器优化方案。
最终对优化后的排气消声器进行尾管嗓声试验，确认排气噪声达标。
关键词:排气消声器;仿真分析;传递损失;尾管噪声中图分类号:TH16;TB535.2文献标识码:A文章编号：1001-3997(2021 )04-0048-05Acoustic Performance Analysis and Optimized Design of Vehicle MufflerGU Qian-xia, ZUO Yan-yan, ZHAO Hai-wei, SONG Wen-bing(Institute of Noise and Vibration of Jiangsu University,Jiangsu Zhenjiang212013, China)Abstract：Base on a three-cylinder engine exhaust noise exceeding target limit y according to the evaluation index of acoustic performance y the analysis of acoustic performance was conducted in acoustic FEM module o f software VirtuaL Comparing the transmission loss test results to evaluate the simulation accuracy of the acoustic software：the simulation results〇/*b software were close to the experimental value on entire frequency band and accurately reflection on the acoustic performanceof the muffler.The simulalion results are compared with the test results to confirm the simulation accuracy.According to the analysis results of the transmission loss of the original exhaust muffler^optimization solutions for front and rear mufflers designed with parameters such as Helmholtz resonator and impedance compound structure was proposed for the frequencyband with poor muffling effect.Finally，the tail pipe noise test was performed on the optimized exhaust muffler to confirm thatthe exhaust noise reached the standard.Key Words：Exhaust Muffler；Simulation Analysis；Transmission Loss；Tailpipe Noisel引言2原排气消声器测试数据分析据国外有关资料统计，交通噪声占整个环境噪声比例达到75%,是目前影响城市环境和人体健康的主要噪声来源。
Acoustic Noise-Causes, Rating system, design guideline
Acoustic Noise: Causes, Rating Systems, and Design Guidelines Acoustic NoiseNoise is, to a great extent, a purely subjective personal phenomena. Perhaps the best definition of it is as an unwanted sound. Noise does, however, have two basic characteristics. The first is the physical phenomenon which can be measured and thus used in technical specification. The second is the psycho acoustical characteristic which attempts to judge the effect of noise on human beings. In industries that use small cooling fans, fan noise simply interferes with the ability of the people working nearby to concentrate on their work. The factors of greatest importance to the system designer are the psychological influences on the person rather than the physical influences of sound on the human ear.Sound is perceived and measured as minute pressure fluctuations above and below the ambient pressure. The pressure variations of interest for their psycho acoustical effect vary as much as 13 orders of magnitude. Because of this large range of hearing capability, it is convenient to express these values in decibels. Sound Pressure Level (SPL) which is environmentally dependent, is defined as:SPL = 20 log (P/P Ref)where:P = pressureP Ref = a reference pressureIn defining the noise generated by a fan, it is best to define the noise emanating from the source. This is called the Sound Power Level and is independent of the environment. Sound Power Level is defined similarly to sound pressure on a logarithmic scale as: PWL = 10 log (W/W Ref)where:W = acoustic power of the sourceW Ref = an acoustic reference powerSound Power Level cannot be measured directly and must be calculated from sound pressure measurements. Sound Power Level, since it is a measurement of noise unaffected by such factors as the fan's distance from the hearer, is used as the basic measurement for comparing noise levels of fans, as well as noise levels at different operating points of the same fan. In practice, another property of noise, its frequency, is also considered. For fans, two types of noise related to frequency are important: wide band noise, in which acoustic energy is continuously distributed over a frequency spectrum; and pure tones, in which the acoustic energy is concentrated over narrow bands in the frequency spectrum.Since fan noise is predominantly wide band in nature with some pure tones, it is convenient to divide the audible frequency range into bands and to plot the average Sound Power Level in each band. For specification and rating purposes, it is generally acceptable to divide the audible frequency spectrum into eight octave bands, each with an upper limit twice that of the lower limit. These bands are usually designated by their center frequency. Fan noise data is usually plotted as Sound Power level against the octave frequency bands.Noise Rating SystemsComair Rotron uses four rating methods for describing the noise levels in the fans it manufactures:PSILThe first system used is Preferred Speech Interference Level. The PSIL is determined as the arithmetic average of the sound pressure level in the three octave bans with center frequencies of 500, 1000 and 2000 Hz. This rating is a good guide to the effect of noise on spoken communications.dBAA second rating system is the "A" weighted sound pressure level (dBA) often used by government agencies in determining compliance with such regulations as the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA). The dBA rating is determined directly by a sound level meter equipped with a filtering system which de-emphasizes both the low and high frequency portions of the audible spectrum. This measurement is recorded at a distance of 3 feet from the source.NPELA third rating system is the "A" weighted sound power level reference to a 1 picowatt and expressed in Bels. This is also referred to as the Noise Power Emission Level (NEPL). NEPL was adopted by the Institute of Noise Control Engineering (INCE) as the preferred unit of measure. The INCE "Recommended Practice for Measurement of Noise Emitted by Air Moving Devices (AMDs) for Computer and Business Equipment" is a guideline for the description and control of noise emitted by components. ANSIS12.11 now includes the procedures called for in the INCE Practice. This is the latest and most technically thorough acoustic test procedure available. Comair Rotron does all acoustical testing per INCE and ANSI S12.11-1987.Freely SuspendedThe fourth rating system used is a method known as Freely Suspended. In this method a fan is suspended from springs in the middle of a Calibrated Reverberate Room. The fan is run at nominal voltage, free delivery, and at a distance of 1 meter. The sound pressure level (dBA) is recorded. (For comparison dBA @ 1 meter + .7778 = dBA @ 3 feet).Causes of Fan NoiseSince noise in most measuring systems is specified in decibels (dB), it is useful to see how dB changes relate to perceived loudness:dB Change Apparent Change in Loudness∙3dB Just noticeable∙5dB Clearly noticeable∙10dB Twice (or half) as loudNoise emanating from axial fans is a function of many variables and causes:Vortex SheddingThis is a broad band noise source generated by air separation from the blade surface and trailing edge. It can be controlled somewhat by good blade profile design, proper pitch angle and notched or serrated trailing blade edges.TurbulenceTurbulence is created in the airflow stream itself. It contributes to broad band noise. Inlet and Outlet disturbances, sharp edges and bends will cause increased turbulence and noise.SpeedThe effect of speed on noise can best be seen through one of the fan laws:dB1 = dB2 + 50 log10 (RPM1 / RPM2)Speed is a major contributor to fan noise. For instance, if the speed of a fan is reduced by 20%, the dB level will be reduced by 5 dB.Fan LoadNoise varies as the system load varies. This variation is unpredictable and fan dependent. However, fans are generally quieter when operated near their peak efficiency.Structure VibrationThis can be caused by the components and mechanism within the fan, such as residual unbalance, bearings, rotor to stator eccentricity and motor mounting. Motor mounting noise is difficult to define. It should be remembered that cooling fans are basically motors and should be treated as such when mounted.System Effects on Fan NoiseSystem disturbances are the biggest cause offan noise. When a fan is designed for low noiseoperation, it can be very sensitive to inlet andoutlet disturbances caused by card guides,brackets, capacitors, transformers, cables, fingerguards, filter assemblies, walls or panels, etc.When placing a fan in an electronic package,great care should be taken in locatingcomponents. Trial and error will be needed todetermine the system's effect on noise. Differentfan types will react differently in the same system.Common sense and intuition play a large role inthe fan/system design.For instance, if it is necessary to place cardguides against the face of the fan for card cooling,the fan may develop a large pure tone if it isdone on the inlet side; on the discharge side, theeffect may be much less.Figure 1 illustrates how one system component, finger guards, can effect noise.Guidelines for Low NoiseThe following guidelines will aid the fan user in minimizing fan noise.System ImpedanceThis should be reduced to the lowest possible level so that the least noise for the most airflow is obtained. The inlet and outlet ports of a cabinet can make up to between 60 and 80% of the total system impedance, which is much too high for a low-noise result. And, if a large part of the fan's flow potential is used up by the impedance of the inlet and outlet, a larger, faster and noisier fan will be required to provide the necessary cooling.Flow DisturbanceObstructions to the airflow must be avoided whenever possible, especially in the critical inlet and outlet areas. When turbulent air enters the fan, noise is generated, usually in discrete tone form, that can be as mush as 10 dB higher and thus cause considerable annoyance.Fan Speed and SizeMost Comair Rotron fans have several low speed versions. These should be tried and used whenever possible. Various fan sizes should also be explored; quite often a larger, slower fan will be quieter than a smaller, faster fan delivering the same airflow. Temperature RiseAirflow is inversely proportional to allowable temperature rise with the system. Therefore, the T limit placed on a piece of equipment will dictate to a large extent the required flow, and therefore, noise. If the temperature limit can be relaxed even a small amount, a noise reduction may result.Vibration IsolationIn certain instances, the fan must be isolated from the cabinet to avoid vibration transmission. Because fans operate at a low frequency, and are light in weight, vibration isolators must be soft and flexible. Since the transmission is dependent on the system, trial and error is the best approach to a quiet system/fan interaction. In systems that require 20 CFM or less, noise radiated by the cabinet is the predominant noise. Isolation of the fan is the only practical solution to this type of system noise problem.。
外文翻译----降低汽车噪声的方法
Ways to reduce vehicle noiseWith the rapid development of automobile industry, there is comfort and vehicle vibration and noise control of more and more stringent requirements. According to relevant data shows that 70 percent of the city noise from the traffic noise, and traffic noise is mainly car noise. It is seriously polluting the urban environment, affecting people's life, work and health. So noise control is not only related to comfort, but also related to environmental protection. However, all also from the vibration noise, vibration can cause certain parts of the early fatigue damage, thereby reducing the service life of motor vehicles; excessive noise can damage hearing the driver will enable the rapid driver fatigue, thus driving security constitutes a grave threat. So noise control, is also related to motor vehicle durability and safety. Thus vibration, noise and comfort are the three closely related, it is necessary to reduce vibration, reduce noise, but also improve ride comfort, and ensure the product economy, vehicle noise control in the standard range.One type of noise arising from car noise are the main factors of air power, mechanical drive, the electromagnetic three parts. From the structure can be divided into the engine (ie, combustion noise), the chassis noise (ie, power train noise, all components connected with the noise), electrical equipment, noise (cooling fan noise, car noise generator), body noise (such as body structure, shape and attachment installation unreasonable noise). One of the engine noise accounted for more than half of motor vehicle noise, including noise and body intake noise (such as engine vibration, the rotational axis Valve, Jin, door switches, such as exhaust noise). Therefore the engine vibration, noise reduction has become a key automotive noise control.noise requirements of regulations in Europe, from October 1996 onwards, the external bus 77dBA noise must be reduced to 74dBA, noise was reduced by half energy, the end of the century further reduced to 71dBA. Japan's laws and regulations, small car in the next decade to control noise standards at the following 76dBA. A number of domestic cities are also planning to traffic trunk lines in 2010 to control noise at the average of less than 70dBA. According to the domestic current data indicate that the domestic value of bus noise permit shall not exceed 82dBA, light trucks for 83.5dBA. This shows that our country in the vehicle noise control will have to make do.noise assessment noise evaluation mainly refers to the car, outside noise and vibration adaptive value. Evaluation methods can be divided into subjective evaluation and objective evaluation. Subjective assessment of the impact of vehicle noise is a major factor in comfort, loudness and uncertainties, such as semantic differential method can be used for subjectiveevaluation. At an objective evaluation, can be used PCNM noise measuring device for measuring test analysis; addition simulation technology in the finite element method (FEM) and boundary element method (BEM) has been widely applied.noise control noise generation and dissemination in accordance with the mechanism of noise control technology can be put into the following three categories: First, the control of noise sources, are two routes of transmission of noise control, noise three recipients are protected. One of the control of noise sources are the most fundamental, the most direct measures, including noise reduction to reduce the exciting force and the engine parts of the exciting force response, which means transformation of acoustic source local oscillator. However, it is difficult to control noise sources when necessary in the route of transmission of noise to take measures, such as sound absorption, sound insulation, noise reduction, vibration and vibration isolation measures. Motor vehicles and vehicle vibration and noise reduction level of power, economy, reliability and strength, stiffness, quality, manufacturing costs and use are closely related.engine to reduce vibration and noise of the engine noise is the focus of automotive noise control. Engine vibration and noise are generated at source. Engine noise is from fuel combustion, valve bodies, gears and piston timing noise percussion synthesis.(1) ontology engine noiseLower engine noise will be ontological transformation of local oscillator sound sources, including methods such as finite element method analysis and design engines, selection of soft combustion process, improve the structure of the body stiffness, with the use of tight space, reduce noise cylinder cover. In addition, give the engine Tu damping material is an effective approach. Damping materials can kinetic energy into thermal energy. To deal with the principle of damping is a damping materials and components into its vibrational energy to consume. It has the following structure: Freedom damping layer structure, and spacing of freely damping layer structure, and constrained damping layer structure and spacing of constrained damping layer. It is clear that the adoption of a decrease of resonance amplitude and accelerated the decay of free vibration, reducing the various parts of the Chuan-Zhen capacity, an increase of parts at or above the critical frequency of vibration isolation capacity. At present, some countries have designed an engine experts active vibration isolation system to reduce engine vibration, in order to achieve the purpose of noise reduction.(2) intake noiseEngine intake noise is one of the main noise source, the Department of the engine noise ofair power, with the engine speed increases to strengthen. Non-supercharged engine intake noise major components, including the cyclical pressure fluctuation noise, vortex noise, the cylinder of the Helmholtz resonance noise. Diesel engine supercharger intake noise mainly from the turbocharger compressor. Two stroke engine noise from the Roots pump. In this regard, the most effective method is the use of intake muffler. There is a resistive type muffler (absorption type), resistant muffler (expansion type, resonance type, interference-type and porous decentralized) and the composite muffler. To combine with the air filter (that is in the air filter on an additional resonance chamber and sound-absorbing material, for example, type R3238) has become the most effective intake muffler, muffler volume of more than 20dBA.Chassis Noise(1) Department of exhaust noiseDepartment of the chassis exhaust noise is the main noise sources, mainly from the exhaust pressure pulsation noise, air flow through the valve seat when issued by eddy current noise, because of boundary layer airflow disturbance caused by noise and exhaust Office jet noise composition.(2) power train noisePowertrain noise from the vibration caused by change gear meshing and rotating shaft vibration. General measures taken are: First, choose low-noise transmission, engine and gearbox are two and the main reducer, such as rear axle and chassis components for flexible rubber pad connections, so as to achieve the purpose of isolation; are three-axis rotational control balance degrees, to reduce torsional vibration.Electric equipment noise(1) cooling fan noiseCooling fan noise happened devices are subject to wind retaining ring, water pump, radiator and transmission, but the noise generated depends primarily on the chassis.(2) automobile generator noiseAutomotive generator noise depends on the effects of a variety of sources, these sources have magnet source, mechanical and air power source. Noise level depends on the generator magnetic structure and ventilation systems, as well as generators precision manufacturing and assembly.Body NoiseAs the speed increased, the body will be more and more noise, and air power are the main causes of noise. Therefore, the following programs to improve the body noise: First, to streamline the design of the body, achieve a smooth transition;second are in between the body and frame components to adopt a flexible connection; third，interior is softened, such as Inner Mongolia at the roof and body skin the use of sound-absorbing material.In addition, the car at high speed when the tire is also a source of noise. Tire Tread greater, then the greater the noise. In addition, the tire tread with the noise generated also have a great relationship, there is a reasonable choice of the pattern of steel cord for radial tires to reduce tire noise are an effective way. Materials for the tire, the use of more flexible and soft rubber with high, you can create a low-noise tires.Other measuresAutomobile noise control, except in the design on the use of optimization methods and optimization of selected components, it can also carry out active control of noise. This is based on sound muffler technology, the principle is: the use of electronic muffler system with the opposite phase of the acoustic noise, vibration so that the two cancel each other out in order to reduce the noise. This muffler device used extremely advanced electronic components, has excellent noise reduction effect can be used to reduce vehicle noise, engine noise, the engine could also be used to proactively support systems, to offset the engine vibration and noise.降低汽车噪声的方法随着汽车工业的迅猛发展，对车辆的舒适性,缓震性和噪声有了越来越严格的要求。
关于噪音解决方法的英语作文
关于噪音解决方法的英语作文Noise Pollution: Strategies for a Quieter WorldNoise pollution has become an increasingly pressing issue in our modern, fast-paced society. The constant barrage of sounds, from traffic congestion to construction work, can have a significant impact on our physical and mental well-being. However, there are several strategies we can implement to mitigate the effects of noise pollution and create a more peaceful environment.One of the most effective ways to address noise pollution is through urban planning and design. City planners and architects can incorporate soundproofing measures into the construction of buildings, roads, and public spaces. This can include the use of noise-absorbing materials, strategic placement of buildings to block sound, and the creation of green spaces that act as natural sound barriers. By designing cities with noise reduction in mind, we can create more livable and tranquil urban areas.Another important strategy is the implementation of traffic management policies. Reducing the number of vehicles on the roads, particularly in densely populated areas, can significantly lower noiselevels. This can be achieved through the promotion of public transportation, the creation of pedestrian-friendly zones, and the introduction of congestion pricing schemes. Additionally, the use of quieter vehicles, such as electric cars and public transportation, can also contribute to a more peaceful soundscape.Industrial and commercial activities are another major source of noise pollution. Businesses can be encouraged to adopt noise-reducing technologies and practices, such as the use of soundproofing materials, the installation of noise-dampening equipment, and the implementation of strict noise regulations. Governments can also play a role by implementing stricter environmental regulations and enforcement measures to ensure that businesses comply with noise pollution standards.Residential areas are not immune to the effects of noise pollution either. Homeowners and tenants can take steps to soundproof their living spaces, such as installing double-glazed windows, using sound-absorbing materials, and strategically placing furniture to minimize noise transmission. Community-based initiatives, such as neighborhood noise reduction campaigns, can also be effective in raising awareness and encouraging collective action.Education and public awareness are crucial in the fight against noise pollution. By educating people about the negative impacts of noiseon their health and well-being, we can encourage them to adopt more noise-conscious behaviors. This can include promoting the use of personal noise-cancelling devices, encouraging quiet zones in public spaces, and fostering a cultural shift towards a more peaceful and respectful soundscape.In conclusion, addressing noise pollution requires a multifaceted approach that involves urban planning, traffic management, industrial regulations, residential measures, and public education. By implementing these strategies, we can create a more harmonious and livable environment for all. The benefits of a quieter world extend far beyond just reducing the annoyance of unwanted sounds – they can contribute to improved physical and mental health, increased productivity, and a greater sense of community and well-being. It is time for us to take action and reclaim the tranquility that we all deserve.。
英语作文 大声喧哗
英语作文大声喧哗Title: The Impact of Loud Noise: A Call for Quiet Consideration。
In our bustling world, noise pollution has become an increasingly prevalent issue. Whether it's the clamor of traffic, the cacophony of construction, or the din ofsocial gatherings, loud noises pervade our daily lives. While some may perceive noise as merely an annoyance, its effects extend far beyond simple irritation. In this essay, we delve into the detrimental impacts of loud noise and advocate for greater awareness and consideration in our communities.First and foremost, the effects of loud noise on human health cannot be understated. Prolonged exposure to high noise levels has been linked to a myriad of health issues, including hearing loss, elevated stress levels, sleep disturbances, and even cardiovascular problems. The World Health Organization (WHO) identifies noise as a significantenvironmental risk to public health, emphasizing the need for effective noise control measures.Furthermore, noise pollution can have profound implications for mental well-being. Constant exposure to loud noise can lead to irritability, decreased concentration, and heightened levels of anxiety and depression. Particularly in urban environments, where noise is a constant presence, individuals may find it challenging to escape the relentless barrage of sound, exacerbating feelings of overwhelm and fatigue.Moreover, the impact of noise pollution extends beyond human health to encompass environmental and ecological concerns. Wildlife, too, suffers from the encroachment of loud noises into their habitats. For many species, noise pollution disrupts mating rituals, communication, and foraging behaviors, ultimately threatening biodiversity and ecosystem stability. Additionally, noise pollution can interfere with the natural soundscape, impeding animals' ability to detect predators or locate prey.In light of these far-reaching consequences, it is imperative that we take proactive steps to address noise pollution in our communities. One approach involves the implementation of soundproofing measures in buildings and transportation infrastructure to mitigate the transmissionof noise. Additionally, urban planning initiatives should prioritize the creation of quiet zones and green spaces where individuals can seek respite from the clamor of urban life.Moreover, raising public awareness about the impacts of noise pollution is crucial in fostering a culture of consideration and respect for quietude. Educational campaigns and community outreach efforts can empower individuals to take ownership of their acoustic environment, encouraging them to adopt behaviors that minimize noise disturbances and promote tranquility.Furthermore, policymakers must enact and enforce regulations that limit noise emissions from sources such as vehicles, industrial machinery, and entertainment venues.By establishing clear guidelines and standards foracceptable noise levels, authorities can hold accountable those who perpetuate noise pollution and incentivize the adoption of sound-reducing technologies and practices.In conclusion, the pervasiveness of loud noise in our modern world necessitates a concerted effort to mitigateits adverse effects on human health, mental well-being, and the environment. By prioritizing quiet consideration in our daily lives and advocating for sound public policies, we can create communities that are conducive to peace, tranquility, and overall well-being for all. It is through collective action and mindful stewardship of our acoustic environment that we can truly harmonize the soundscape of our shared spaces.。
减少噪音的英语作文
减少噪音的英语作文Noise Pollution: Mitigation Strategies and Environmental Impact.Noise pollution, a ubiquitous environmental issue, poses significant threats to human health and well-being. The relentless onslaught of unwanted sounds in urban and industrial environments has prompted an urgent need for effective mitigation strategies to safeguard the acoustic integrity of our communities.Sources of Noise Pollution.Noise pollution emanates from a myriad of sources, including:Transportation: Vehicles of all types, particularly air and road traffic, are major contributors to noise levels.Construction: Building projects, roadworks, and heavy machinery operation generate excessive noise.Industrial Activities: Factories, manufacturing facilities, and power plants emit loud and incessant sounds.Domestic Sources: Loud music, household appliances,and air conditioners can contribute to neighborhood noise.Health and Environmental Impacts.Exposure to excessive noise levels has far-reaching consequences for human health and the environment:Physical Health Effects: Chronic exposure to noise can induce hearing loss, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and sleep disturbances.Psychological Effects: Noise pollution can lead to stress, anxiety, irritability, and cognitive impairment.Environmental Impacts: Excessive noise disruptswildlife habitats, affects animal behavior, and impairs the enjoyment of natural environments.Mitigation Strategies.To address the alarming levels of noise pollution, a comprehensive approach involving multiple stakeholders is essential:1. Urban Planning and Zoning:Land Use Planning: Segregating noise-generating activities from residential areas and sensitive environments.Zoning Restrictions: Implementing limits on noise levels in different zones and encouraging low-noise land uses.2. Engineering Solutions:Noise Barriers: Constructing walls, barriers, orembankments to block or redirect noise from sources.Acoustical Materials: Utilizing sound-absorbing materials in buildings, transportation vehicles, and industrial machinery to reduce noise emissions.Noise-Reducing Technologies: Implementing silencers, mufflers, and other devices to minimize noise generation.3. Transportation Management:Traffic Calming Measures: Reducing vehicle speeds, installing speed bumps, and creating pedestrian zones to reduce noise from road traffic.Public Transportation Promotion: Encouraging the use of public transportation to decrease the number of vehicles on the road.Electric Vehicle Adoption: Promoting the use of electric vehicles, which produce significantly less noise than conventional vehicles.4. Public Awareness and Education:Noise Awareness Campaigns: Educating the public about the harmful effects of noise pollution and promoting responsible noise behavior.Noise Monitoring and Reporting: Establishing noise monitoring systems and encouraging citizens to report noise violations.Community Involvement: Empowering local communities to identify and address noise pollution issues through neighborhood councils and community outreach programs.5. Regulatory Enforcement:Noise Ordinances: Enacting and enforcing noise ordinances that set permissible noise levels and impose penalties for violations.Inspection and Monitoring: Regularly monitoring noiselevels and conducting inspections to ensure compliance with regulations.Enforcement Actions: Issuing fines, suspending operations, or taking other enforcement actions against violators.Conclusion.Noise pollution is a pressing environmental challenge that demands immediate attention. By implementing a multifaceted approach that encompasses urban planning, engineering solutions, transportation management, public awareness, and regulatory enforcement, we can effectively mitigate noise levels and protect the health and well-being of our communities. It is imperative that we work together to create environments where people and nature can thrive without the intrusion of excessive noise. The future of our acoustic landscapes depends on our collective commitment to reducing noise pollution and preserving the tranquility of our surroundings.。
减少噪音污染的措施英语作文
减少噪音污染的措施英语作文英文回答：Measures for Reducing Noise Pollution.Noise pollution has emerged as a significant concern in urban environments. It can have detrimental effects on human health, productivity, and well-being. Addressing this issue necessitates implementing comprehensive measures to mitigate its impact.1. Urban Planning and Zoning:Enforce strict zoning regulations to separate noisy industrial areas from residential neighborhoods.Designate quiet zones in parks and public spaces to provide respite from noise.Implement buffer zones with noise-absorbing materialsbetween noisy and sensitive areas.2. Traffic Management:Promote public transportation and reduce privatevehicle use to minimize traffic congestion and noise.Implement traffic calming measures such as speed bumps, roundabouts, and pedestrian crossings to slow down traffic and reduce noise.Encourage the use of electric or hybrid vehicles,which produce less noise than conventional gasoline-powered vehicles.3. Architectural Design and Construction:Utilize sound-insulating materials in building construction to reduce noise transmission.Install double-paned windows and noise-absorbing curtains to minimize noise from outside sources.Design buildings with green spaces and sound barriers to deflect and absorb noise.4. Noise Control Regulations:Establish noise ordinances limiting permissible noise levels at different times of day.Enforce restrictions on loud music, construction activities, and other sources of excessive noise.Encourage the use of noise-canceling headphones and earphones in noisy environments.5. Education and Awareness:Educate the public about the harmful effects of noise pollution and ways to reduce it.Promote noise awareness campaigns and encourage responsible noise behavior.Encourage the use of noise monitoring apps to track noise levels and identify problem areas.6. Technological Advancements:Develop and implement noise-canceling technologies in public spaces, vehicles, and electronic devices.Use sound barriers and noise-absorbing materials made from recycled and sustainable materials.Invest in research on innovative noise reduction methods and technologies.7. Collaboration and Partnerships:Foster collaboration between government agencies, community groups, and businesses to develop and implement effective noise reduction strategies.Establish partnerships with noise monitoringorganizations to track and address noise problems.Engage with acoustic engineers and urban planners to design noise-sensitive environments.中文回答：减少噪音污染的措施。
声学设计与建筑声学实用指南英文版pdf
声学设计与建筑声学实用指南英文版pdfAcoustic design plays a crucial role in shaping the auditory environment of buildings, impacting their functionality, comfort, and overall quality. In this practical guide, we will explore key principles and strategies for designing spaces with optimal acoustics, as well as provide practical tips for implementing these concepts in real-world applications.Introduction to Acoustic Design:Acoustic design is the process of creating spaces that optimize the transmission, absorption, and reflection of sound waves, ultimately leading to a desired auditory experience. It encompasses a range of factors, including room dimensions, surface materials, ceiling heights, and the placement ofsound-absorbing elements such as carpets, curtains, and acoustic panels.Key Principles of Acoustic Design:1. Noise Control: Effective noise control is essential for creating a comfortable and productive environment. This involves minimizing external sounds from entering a space and reducing reverberation within the room.2. Speech Intelligibility: Ensuring clear speech intelligibility is critical in spaces where communication is important, such as offices, classrooms, and conference rooms. Proper acoustical design can enhance speech clarity by reducing background noise and minimizing echoes.3. Sound Quality: The overall sound quality of a space is influenced by factors such as sound reflection, absorption, and diffusion. By strategically placing acoustic materials and adjusting room dimensions, designers can create a balanced acoustic environment that enhances the listening experience.Practical Tips for Acoustic Design:1. Consider the Purpose of the Space: The acoustic requirements of a space can vary depending on its intended use. For example, a concert hall will have different acoustical needs than a restaurant or office. Tailor the design to the specific requirements of each space.2. Use a Combination of Absorptive and Reflective Surfaces: Balance is key in acoustic design. Incorporate a mix ofsound-absorbing materials (such as carpets, drapes, and acoustic panels) and reflective surfaces (such as hard floors and ceilings) to achieve the desired acoustic properties.3. Optimize Room Layout and Dimension: The size and shape of a room can have a significant impact on its acoustics. Avoid long, narrow spaces and sharp angles, which can create unwanted echoes and reflections. Instead, aim for balanced dimensions and symmetrical layouts.4. Test and Adjust: Once the initial design is implemented, it's important to test the acoustics of the space and make adjustments as needed. Consider conducting sound measurements or hiring an acoustic consultant to ensure optimal performance.Conclusion:Acoustic design is a critical aspect of building design that can greatly impact the comfort, functionality, and overall quality of a space. By understanding key principles and implementing practical strategies, designers can create environments with optimal acoustics that enhance the user experience. This guide provides a foundation for incorporating sound principles into architectural projects, ultimately leading to spaces that sound as good as they look.For more detailed information and practical guidance on acoustic design in architecture, we recommend accessing the "Architectural Acoustics Handbook" by Ning Xiang, whichprovides in-depth coverage of acoustic principles, design techniques, and case studies.。
电视机噪音专业术语
电视机噪音专业术语英文回答：Acoustical feedback (also known as positive feedback or howlback) is a common problem with sound systems, such as public address systems and audio amplifiers. It occurs when the output of a sound system is fed back into the input, causing the system to produce a high-pitched squealing or ringing sound.Ambient noise is the background noise present in an environment, typically composed of a mixture of sounds from human activity, nature, and machinery.Anechoic chamber is a room designed to absorb all sound waves, creating an environment free from reverberation and other acoustic reflections.Attenuation is the reduction in sound level as it travels through a medium.Decibel (dB) is a logarithmic unit used to measure the intensity of sound.Directivity is the ability of a loudspeaker to focus sound in a particular direction.Echo is a sound that is reflected off a surface and returns to the listener with a noticeable delay.Equalization is the process of adjusting the frequency response of a sound system to compensate for acoustic deficiencies.Frequency response is the range of frequencies that a sound system can reproduce.Gain is the amount of amplification applied to a sound signal.Harmonic distortion is a type of distortion that occurs when the output of a sound system contains frequencies thatare not present in the input.Hum is a low-pitched noise typically caused byelectrical interference.Intermodulation distortion is a type of distortion that occurs when two or more frequencies are mixed and generate additional frequencies that are not present in the originals.Level is the loudness of a sound.Loudspeaker is a device that converts electrical signals into sound waves.Mic feedback is a specific type of acoustical feedback that occurs when a microphone picks up sound from a loudspeaker and feeds it back into the sound system.Noise floor is the minimum level of noise present in a sound system, typically measured in decibels.Phase shift is a change in the timing of a sound wave relative to its original source.Reverberation is the persistence of sound in a room after the original sound source has stopped.Room acoustics is the study of how sound behaves in enclosed spaces.Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is the ratio of the level of a desired signal to the level of background noise.Sound masking is the introduction of a continuous, low-level sound to cover up unwanted noise.Sound pressure level (SPL) is a measure of the sound pressure at a given point.Spectrogram is a graphical representation of the frequency spectrum of a sound.Thumping is a low-frequency noise typically caused bystructural vibrations.Timbre is the characteristic sound quality of a musical instrument or voice.White noise is a random noise signal with a flat frequency spectrum, sounding like a continuous hiss.中文回答：声学反馈（也称为正反馈或回音）是音响系统遇到的常见问题，比如公共广播系统和音频放大器。
减少和消除噪声的措施英语
减少和消除噪声的措施英语Measures to Reduce and Eliminate Noise。
Noise pollution is a growing concern in today's society. It can have a negative impact on our health, well-being, and overall quality of life. Whether it's the sound of traffic, construction, or loud neighbors, excessive noise can be a major source of stress and annoyance. Fortunately, there are measures that can be taken to reduce and eliminate noise in our environment. In this article, we will explore some of these measures and their potential impact on noise pollution.1. Soundproofing。
One of the most effective ways to reduce noise is through soundproofing. This involves adding materials to walls, floors, and ceilings to absorb or block sound waves. There are many soundproofing materials available on the market, such as acoustic panels, soundproof curtains, and foam insulation. These materials can be installed in homes, offices, and public spaces to create a quieter environment. Soundproofing can also be applied to doors and windows to reduce the transmission of noise from outside.2. Noise barriers。
噪音污染地球英语作文
噪音污染地球英语作文Title: The Destructive Impact of Noise Pollution on Earth。
Noise pollution, an often underestimated environmental issue, is wreaking havoc on our planet. From bustling urban areas to remote natural habitats, the relentless onslaught of noise disrupts ecosystems, endangers wildlife, and harms human health. In this essay, we will delve into the detrimental effects of noise pollution on Earth and explore potential solutions to mitigate its impact.First and foremost, noise pollution poses a significant threat to wildlife and their habitats. Many species rely on sound for communication, navigation, and finding food. Excessive noise interferes with these crucial activities, leading to confusion, disorientation, and even death. For example, marine mammals like whales and dolphins depend on echolocation to navigate and locate prey. However, the noise from ships, sonar devices, and offshore drillingoperations disrupts their acoustic environment, impairing their ability to survive. Similarly, birds' songs are essential for mate attraction and territory establishment, but urban noise pollution often drowns out these vital signals, affecting their reproductive success and population dynamics.Furthermore, noise pollution adversely affects human health and well-being. Chronic exposure to loud noises has been linked to various health problems, including hearing loss, cardiovascular issues, sleep disturbances, and increased stress levels. In urban areas, traffic noise is a pervasive problem, with millions of people subjected to constant vehicular clamor day and night. Studies have shown that individuals living near busy roads have higher rates of hypertension, heart disease, and other health complications attributed to noise pollution. Moreover, children's cognitive development can be hindered by chronic exposure to loud noises, affecting their learning abilities and academic performance.Additionally, noise pollution has detrimental effectson the economy and quality of life. Excessive noise reduces property values in affected areas, making it challengingfor residents to sell their homes or attract businesses. Tourist destinations with high noise levels may experience decreased visitor satisfaction and revenue, as travelers seek tranquil environments for relaxation and recreation. Moreover, noise pollution disrupts workplaces, impairing productivity, increasing errors, and causing employee dissatisfaction. Industries such as construction, manufacturing, and transportation contribute significantlyto noise pollution, necessitating the implementation of sound mitigation measures to protect workers' health andwell-being.Despite the pervasive nature of noise pollution, there are steps that can be taken to address this pressing issue. Urban planning strategies should prioritize the development of quieter, more sustainable cities through the implementation of noise-reducing technologies, green spaces, and soundproofing measures. Transportation policies can promote the use of electric vehicles and public transportation to minimize traffic noise and emissions.Furthermore, public awareness campaigns and education initiatives can raise consciousness about the harmful effects of noise pollution and encourage individuals to adopt quieter lifestyles and behaviors.In conclusion, noise pollution poses a severe threat to Earth's ecosystems, wildlife, and human inhabitants. Its pervasive effects on health, economy, and quality of life underscore the urgent need for action. By implementing effective mitigation strategies and fostering a culture of environmental stewardship, we can mitigate the destructive impact of noise pollution and create a more harmonious coexistence with our planet.。
变压器降噪实施方案及流程
变压器降噪实施方案及流程英文回答：Noise reduction is an important aspect of transformer operation, as excessive noise can be disruptive andindicate potential issues with the transformer. Implementing a noise reduction plan involves several steps and considerations.1. Identify the source of the noise: The first step is to determine the specific components or aspects of the transformer that are causing the noise. This could include loose parts, vibrating coils, or magnetic core issues.2. Inspect and maintain the transformer: Regular inspections and maintenance can help identify and address potential noise-causing issues. This can involve tightening loose parts, repairing or replacing damaged components, and ensuring proper lubrication.3. Install vibration isolation measures: Vibration can contribute to noise generation in transformers. Installing vibration isolation measures, such as rubber pads or mounts, can help reduce the transmission of vibrations and minimize noise.4. Use soundproofing materials: Applying soundproofing materials to the transformer and its surroundings can help absorb and block noise. This can include using acoustic barriers, insulating materials, or enclosures specifically designed for noise reduction.5. Consider transformer design modifications: In some cases, noise reduction can be achieved through design modifications. This could involve changing thetransformer's core material, adjusting winding configurations, or implementing additional insulation.6. Test and monitor noise levels: After implementing noise reduction measures, it is important to test and monitor the noise levels to ensure effectiveness. This can involve using sound level meters or conducting acoustictests to measure the sound pressure levels.By following these steps, a comprehensive noise reduction plan can be implemented for transformers. It is important to note that the specific measures and solutions may vary depending on the type and size of the transformer, as well as the noise characteristics.中文回答：降噪是变压器运行中的重要方面，过多的噪音不仅会影响正常工作，还可能表明变压器存在潜在问题。
我们应减少噪音英语作文
我们应减少噪音英语作文Reducing Noise Pollution: A Call to Action。
Noise pollution has become an increasingly prevalent issue in modern society, with detrimental effects on our health, well-being, and the environment. As our world grows louder, it is imperative that we take proactive measures to mitigate this pervasive problem. In this essay, we will explore the causes and consequences of noise pollution and propose effective strategies to reduce it.First and foremost, it is essential to understand the sources of noise pollution. Urbanization and industrialization have led to the proliferation of noise-producing activities such as transportation, construction, and manufacturing. Additionally, the widespread use of electronic devices and recreational activities has contributed to the cacophony of sounds in our daily lives. These sources of noise not only disrupt our peace and quiet but also pose serious health risks, including hearing loss,stress, and sleep disturbances.The consequences of noise pollution extend beyond individual health concerns to encompass broader environmental impacts. Excessive noise can disturb wildlife, disrupt ecosystems, and even contribute to climate changeby altering animal behavior and habitat dynamics. Furthermore, noise pollution can have economic repercussions, affecting property values, tourism, and productivity in affected areas.To address this pressing issue, concerted efforts are needed at both the individual and societal levels. One effective approach is the implementation of soundproofing measures in buildings and infrastructure to minimize the transmission of noise. This can include the use of noise-absorbing materials, such as acoustic panels and double-glazed windows, as well as the strategic placement of barriers and green spaces to buffer sound.In addition to engineering solutions, changes in behavior and policy are also essential to reducing noisepollution. Individuals can play a role by being mindful of their own noise emissions and practicing good neighborly conduct. This may involve using quieter modes of transportation, such as electric vehicles, reducing the volume of electronic devices, and respecting designated quiet zones in residential areas.Furthermore, policymakers must enact and enforce regulations to limit noise levels in urban areas and industrial zones. This may include zoning ordinances, noise ordinances, and stricter enforcement of noise standards for vehicles and machinery. Public education campaigns can also raise awareness about the importance of reducing noise pollution and promote community involvement in noise mitigation efforts.In conclusion, noise pollution is a significant threat to public health, environmental quality, and overallquality of life. By taking proactive measures to addressits sources and consequences, we can create quieter, healthier, and more sustainable communities for generations to come. It is imperative that we prioritize the reductionof noise pollution and work together to create a more peaceful and harmonious world.。
治理噪音污染英语作文
治理噪音污染英语作文In recent years, noise pollution has become a growing concern in many urban areas. The constant hum of traffic, construction work, and other sources of noise can have a significant impact on our health and well-being. In order to address this issue, it is important for local governments and communities to work together to implement effective measures to control and reduce noise pollution.One of the most effective ways to address noise pollution is through the implementation of strict regulations and enforcement. This can include setting noise limits for different types of activities, such as construction work, industrial operations, and transportation. By enforcing these limits and imposing penalties for violations, it is possible to reduce the overall level of noise in a given area.In addition to regulations, it is also important to invest in technologies and infrastructure that can help tomitigate noise pollution. For example, sound barriers and acoustic insulation can be used to reduce the impact of noise from highways and other sources. Similarly, the useof quieter equipment and machinery in construction and industry can help to minimize the amount of noise generated.Another important aspect of addressing noise pollutionis through public education and awareness. Many people may not realize the impact that noise pollution can have ontheir health and well-being, so it is important to educate the public about the issue and encourage them to take steps to reduce their own contribution to noise pollution. This can include simple actions such as turning down the volume on personal devices, using headphones in public spaces, and being mindful of the noise generated by householdactivities.Furthermore, it is important for communities to work together to address noise pollution at a local level. This can include establishing noise monitoring programs,creating designated quiet zones, and encouraging the use of soundproofing measures in residential and commercialbuildings. By working together, communities can create a more peaceful and enjoyable environment for everyone.In conclusion, noise pollution is a significant issue that requires the attention and action of both local governments and communities. By implementing strict regulations, investing in technologies and infrastructure, educating the public, and working together at a local level, it is possible to control and reduce noise pollution. This will not only improve the quality of life for residents,but also contribute to a healthier and more sustainable urban environment.。