Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment suppresses early brain injury after suba

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浓缩生长因子在雄激素源性脱发治疗中的研究进展

•综述•浓缩生长因子在雄激素源性脱发治疗中的研究进展高华超1　刘军权2【摘要】　雄激素源性脱发(androgenetic alopecia，AGA)是影响男性和女性最常见的脱发形式，虽然目前已有数种可用的治疗选择，但人们还是在不断寻找一些更有效的治疗手段。

浓缩生长因子(concentration growth factor，CGF)作为一种新型血小板制品已经成功应用在诸如骨科、口腔科、颌面外科、整形外科、皮肤科等众多领域，CGF可增强血管生成、细胞外基质重塑以及促进细胞的增殖和分化。

CGF含有多种高浓度生长因子以及CD34阳性细胞群，其中的主要成分血小板衍生生长因子(platelet derivedgrowth factor，PDGF)、转化生长因子(transforming growth factor，TGF)、血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth facto，VEGF)、表皮生长因子(epidermal growth factor，EGF)、胰岛素样生长因子(insulin-like growth factor，IGF)和肝细胞生长因子(hepatocytegrowth factor，HGF)能有效刺激毛囊细胞生长、改善头皮微环境及头皮血供。

尽管有可能成为治疗脱发的有效手段，但国内外关于CGF应用于脱发治疗的临床案例及疗效鲜有报道，也没有关于CGF对毛囊作用机制的评论文章。

本文的目的在于介绍CGF及其在促进毛发生长中的有效作用机制，为患者的抗脱发治疗提供一种新的手段和方式。

【关键词】　雄激素源性脱发；　浓缩生长因子Research advance of concentrated growth factors in treatment of androgenetic hair loss　Gao Huachao1,Liu Junquan2. 1Zhejiang Weiwei Biomedical Science and Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 310053, China;2Hangzhou KingMed Laboratory, Hangzhou 310053, ChinaCorresponding author: Liu Junquan, Email: xzljq19600115@【Abstract】Androgenetic alopecia is the most common form of hair loss that affects both men andwomen. Although there are already available treatment methods, people are still looking for more effectivetreatments. As a new type of platelet products. Concentration growth factor (CGF) has been successfullyused in many ﬁelds such as orthopedics, oral and maxillofacial surgery, orthopedics, dermatology, etc. CGFenhances angiogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, and promotes cell proliferation and differentiation.CGF contains various high concentration growth factor and CD34＋ cell group. The main component of CGFincludes platelet derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor (TGF), vascular endothelialgrowth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and hepatocytegrowth factor (HGF). They can effectively stimulate the hair follicle cell growth, improve blood supply andscalp micro environment. Thus it may act as a means for treating hair loss. However, this potential role hasbeen rarely reported. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the effective mechanism of CGF and its role inpromoting hair growth, provide a new method for the treatment of alopecia.【Key words】　Androgenetic alopecia;　Concentrate growth factorDOI：10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-5820.2018.04.001作者单位：310053 杭州，浙江卫未生物医药科技有限公司1；310053 杭州金域医学检验临检科2通信作者：刘军权，Email：xzljq19600115@雄激素源性脱发(androgenetic alopecia，AGA)是最常见的脱发形式，虽然近年来AGA的诱因没有一致的定论，但大量研究表明，患者中80%男性和50%女性的脱发原因都可归结于AGA。

子宫自然杀伤细胞与人类早期自然流产患者蜕膜血管生成

#论著#子宫自然杀伤细胞与人类早期自然流产患者蜕膜血管生成胡婷黄薇朱慧莉李国华=摘要>目的探讨子宫自然杀伤(uter ine natural killer,uNK)细胞在人类早期自然流产患者蜕膜血管生成中的作用。

方法2007年8月至2007年10月在本院采用免疫组化SP法检测35例(病例组)早期自然流产患者蜕膜子宫自然杀伤细胞、微血管密度(m icrov essel density,M VD)及血管内皮生长因子(vascular endo thelial gr ow th facto r,VEGF)的表达,并以同期45例正常早孕妇女(对照组)进行比较。

结果早期自然流产蜕膜组织中,子宫自然杀伤细胞(CD56+)及血管内皮生长因子在蜕膜间质中的阳性表达率明显降低,蜕膜微血管数量明显减少,并出现狭窄、闭锁,甚至断裂,血管内皮细胞肿胀,排列紊乱等微血管异常。

结论血管内皮生长因子可能通过影响蜕膜血管生成,参与早期自然流产的发生。

=关键词>自然流产;血管内皮生长因子;蜕膜;血管生成;血管内皮生长因子Study on the Role of Uterine Natural Killer C ells in Decidual Angiogenesis of Spontaneous Abortion H UT ing,H UA N G W ei,ZH U H ui-li,L I Guo-hua.West China S econd Univ er s ity H osp ital,SichuanUniver sity,Chengdu610041,Sichuan Pr ov ince,China.(Cor r es p onding author:H UA N G W ei,Email:weihuang64@)=Abstract>Objective T o investig ate the ro le of uterine natur al killer(uN K)cell and decidualang iog enesis in human spontaneo us abo rtio n of first-tr imester.Methods Fr om Aug ust t o O ctober,2007,the ex pression o f ut erine nat ur al killer cells(CD56+),vascular endothelial g ro wth facto r(V EGF),andmicro vessel density(M VD)in human decidua w ere studied by immunohistochemical SP method on35casesof first-tr imester spontaneous abo rtion(study g roup)and45cases of normal pr eg nant wo men(contro lgr oup).Infor med consent was obtained fro m all participat es.Results T he po sitiv e rate of uter ine natur alkiller cell and vascular endo thelial gr ow th facto r in decidual st roma o f spo ntaneous abo rtion signif icantlydecreased;the number o f micro vessels decr eased w ith stenosis,atresia,and ev en int erruptio n o f vesselcav ity.Some lumen appea red irr eg ular w ith endo thelial cell swelling and der ang ement.C onclusion U ter inenatura l killer cell may cause human fir st-trimester spo nt aneous abor tion t hr ough affecting decidualang iog enesis.=Key words>spo ntaneous abor tio n;ut erine natural killer cell;deciduas;ang iog enesis;vascularendothelial g ro wth factor(V EGF)自然流产(spontaneo us abortion)是常见的妊娠并发症之一,发病率为10%~15%,其中80%为早期自然流产。

病理学全部中英文索引

中英文索引reversible injury 可逆性损伤irreversible injury 不可逆性损伤adaptation 适应atrophy 萎缩hypoplasia 发育不全aplasia 未发育malnutrition atrophy 营养不良性萎缩denervation atrophy 神经性萎缩disuse atrophy 废用性萎缩pressure atrophy 压迫性萎缩endocrine atrophy 内分泌性萎缩ischemic atrophy 缺血性萎缩brown atrophy 褐色萎缩hypertrophy 肥大hyperplasia 增生dysplasia 不典型增生intraepithelial neoplasia 上皮内肿瘤metaplasia 化生squamous metaplasia 鳞状上皮化生intestinal metaplasia 肠上皮化生aging 老化clock gene 时钟基因perforin 穿孔素reperfusion injury 再灌注损伤degeneration 变性hydropic degeneration 水样变性fatty degeneration 脂肪变性fatty change 脂肪变liposome 脂质小体fatty liver 脂肪肝hyaline degeneration 玻璃样变性arteriolosclerosis 细动脉硬化症mucoid degeneration 粘液样变性myxedema 粘液性水肿amyloid 淀粉样物质amyloid degeneration 淀粉样变性amyloidosis 淀粉样物质沉着症amyloid light chain 淀粉样轻链senile heart amyloidosis老年性心脏淀粉样物质沉着症amyloid transthyretin 淀粉样转甲状腺蛋白beta2-microglobulin β2-微球蛋白foamy cell 泡沫细胞Russell’s body 拉塞尔小体Mallory’s body 马洛里小体periodic acid-schiff PASpathological pigment 病理性色素melanin 黑色素lipofuscin 脂褐素hemosiderin 含铁血黄素pathologic calcification 病理性钙化dystrophic calcification 营养不良性钙化metastatic calcification 转移性钙化cell death 细胞死亡necrosis 坏死pyknosis 核浓缩karyorrhexis 核碎裂karyolysis 核溶解coagulative necrosis 凝固性坏死liquefactive necrosis 液化性坏死caseous necrosis 干酪样坏死fat necrosis 脂肪坏死fibrinoid necrosis 纤维素样坏死fibrinoid degeneration 纤维素样变性gangrene 坏疽dry gangrene 干性坏疽wet gangrene 湿性坏疽gas gangrene 气性坏疽erosion 糜烂ulcer 溃疡cavity 空洞sinus 窦道fistula 瘘管organization 机化encapsulation 包裹apoptosis 凋亡programmed cell death 程序性死亡apoptotic bodies 凋亡小体Bcl-2 family of proteins Bcl-2 蛋白家族ladder DNA 梯状DNATUNEL 缺口末端标记INST 原位缺口平移英中文索引amputation tumor 截肢后神经瘤angiopoietin,Ang 血管生成素autocrine 自分泌cadherin 钙粘素cell adhesion mulecules, CAMS 细胞粘附分子cell cycle 细胞周期chalon 抑素checkpoint 校验点chondroitin sulfate 硫酸软骨素contact inhibition 接触抑制cyclin 周期素cyclin-dependent kinase, CDK 周期素依赖激酶抑制物encapsulation 包裹endocrine 内分泌epidermal growth facto, EGF 表皮生长因子extracellular matrix ，ECM 细胞外基质exuberant granulation 过度生长的肉芽组织fibroblast growth factor ，FGF 纤维母细胞生长因子fibronectin, FN 纤维连接蛋白fracture 骨折granulation tissue 肉芽组织granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, GM-CSF 粒细胞—巨噬细胞集落刺激因子healing under scar 痂下愈合heparin sulfate 硫酸肝素hyaluronan 透明质酸素immunoglobulin super family ,IgSF 免疫球蛋白超家族insuli-like growth factor, IGF 胰岛素样生长因子integrion family, IF 整合蛋白家族interleutin-I，IL—1 白细胞介素Iinterphase 间期keloid 瘢痕疙瘩keratinocyte growth factor, KGF 角化细胞生长因子labile cells 不稳定性细胞laminin, LN 层粘连蛋白matricellular protein 基质细胞蛋白metalloproteinase 金属蛋白酶mitogen-activated protein, MAP 丝裂原激活蛋白mitotic phase 分裂期myofibroblast 肌纤维母细胞organization 机化osteonectin 骨连接蛋白osteopondin 骨桥蛋白paracrine 旁分泌permanent cells 永久性细胞platelet derived growth factor, PDGF 血小板源性生长因子primary healing 一期愈合proliferation promotor 促增生因子regeneration 再生repair 修复scar 瘢痕secondary healing 二期愈合Selectin family, SF 选择蛋白家族stable cell 稳定性细胞tenascin 细胞粘合素thrombospondin 血小板反应蛋白tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 金属蛋白酶组织抑制物transcription factor 转录因子transforming growth factor, TGF 转化生长因子traumatic neuroma 创伤性神经瘤tumor necrosis factor ，TNF 肿瘤坏死因子vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF 血管内皮生长因子Wallerian degeneration 沃勒变性wound healing 创伤愈合中英文索引adhesion 粘附反应aggregation 粘集反应air embolism 气体栓塞amniotic fluid embolism 羊水栓塞anasarca 全身性水肿anemic infarct 贫血性梗死arterial hyperemia 动脉性充血arteriolith 动脉石caisson disease 沉箱病calcification 钙化congestion 淤血congestive liver cirrhosis 淤血性肝硬变crossed embolism 交叉性栓塞decompression sickness 减压病divers disease 潜水员病ecchymosis 淤斑edema 水肿embolism 栓塞embolus 栓子fat embolism 脂肪栓塞fibrin 纤维素fibrinous thrombus 纤维素性血栓fibronectin FN 纤维连接蛋白hematoma 血肿hemorrhage 出血hemorrhagic infarct 出血性梗死hyaline thrombus 透明血栓hydrocephalus 脑积水hydropericardium 心包积水hydroperitoneum 腹腔积水hydrops 积水hydrothorax 胸腔积水hyperemia 充血infarction 梗死local edema 局部性水肿microthrombus 微血栓mixed thrombus 混合血栓mural thrombus 附壁血栓nutmeg liver 槟榔肝pale thrombus 白色血栓paradoxical embolism 反常性栓塞petechia 瘀点pulmonary embolism 肺动脉栓塞purpura 紫癜red infarct 红色梗死red thrombus 红色血栓release reaction 释放反应retrograde embolism 逆行性栓塞saddle emboliom 骑跨性栓塞septic infarct 败血性梗死thromboembolism 血栓栓塞thrombosis 血栓形成thrombus 血栓venokith 静脉石venous hyperemia 静脉性充血white infarct 白色梗死inflammation 炎症inflammatory agent 致炎因子infection 感染alteration 变质exudates 渗出物（渗出液）exudation 渗出proliferation 增生inflammatory hyperemia 炎性充血stasis 淤滞immediate transient response 速发短暂反应structure reorganization of the cytoskeleton 细胞骨架的结构重组immediate-sustained response 速发持续反应delayed prolonged response 迟发持续反应transudation 漏出leucocyteextravasation 白细胞渗出emigration 游出chemotaxis 趋化作用transcytosis 穿胞作用chemotactic agents 趋化因子phagosome 吞噬体phagolysosome 吞噬溶酶体opsonin 调理素phagocytin 杀菌素bactericidal permeability-increasing protein 杀菌通透性增加蛋白margination 靠边rolling 滚动transmigration 游走adhesion 粘附emigration 游出chemotasis 趋化phagocytosis 吞噬作用degradation 游走bradykinin 缓激肽inflammatory mediator 炎症介质natural killer cell, NK 自然杀伤细胞vasoactive amines 血管活性胺serotonin 血清素5-hydroxytryptamine，5-HT 5-羟色胺arachidonic acid，AA 花生四烯酸phagocytin 杀菌素defensins 防御素phospholipase A2,PLA2 磷脂酶A2prostagladin,PG 前列腺素thromboxane A2，TXA2 血栓素leukotrene,LT 白细胞三烯lipoxins 脂毒素transcellular biosynthetic mechanism 转细胞生物合成机制platelet-activating factor，PAF 血小板激活因子cytokines 细胞因子exudative inflammation 渗出性炎alterative inflammation 变质性炎serous inflammation 浆液性炎pseudomembranous inflammation 假膜性炎fibrinous inflammation 纤维素性炎purulent inflammation 化脓性炎abscess 脓肿sinus 窦道furuncle 疖carbuncle 痈ulcer 溃疡fistula 瘘管phlegmonous inflammation 蜂窝织炎granulomatous inflammation 肉芽肿性炎infective granuloma 感染性肉芽肿foreign body granuloma 异物性肉芽肿sarcoidosis granuloma 结节病肉芽肿epithelioid cell 上皮样细胞phlegmonous inflammation 蜂窝织炎multinucleated giant cell 多核巨细胞Langhans giant cell 郎汉斯巨细胞foreign body multinucleated giant cell 异物多核巨细胞inflammatory polyp 炎性息肉inflammatory pseudotumor 炎性假瘤pyrogens 致热原interferons 干扰素uncontrolled inflammatory response 失控性炎症反应systemic inflammatory response syndrome, SIRS 全身炎症反应综合征bacteremia 菌血症toxemia 毒血症septicemia 败血症pyemia 脓毒败血症embalic abscess 栓塞性脓肿metastatic abscess 转移性脓肿中英文索引amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation cell APUD 细胞amplification 扩增anaplasia 间变anaplastic tumor 间变性肿瘤angiogenesis 血管新生angiogenesis factor 血管生成因子angiomatosis 血管瘤病atypia 异型性basal cell carcinoma 基底细胞癌cachexia 恶病质cancer 癌症carcinoma 癌carcinoma in situ 原位癌carcinoma simplex 单纯癌carcinosarcoma 癌肉瘤cell cycle 细胞周期cellular oncogene, c-onc 细胞癌基因chondroma 软骨瘤chondrosarcoma 软骨肉瘤colloid adenoma 胶样腺瘤colloid carcinoma 胶样癌colorectal carcinoma 结、直肠癌cyclin 周期素cyclin-dependent kinase,CDK 周期素依赖激酶doubling time 倍增时间dysplasia,atypical hyperplasia 非典型性增生E-cadherin 上皮钙粘素ectopic endocrine syndrome 异位内分泌综合征ectopic endocrine tumor 异位内分泌肿瘤Epstein-Barr virus,EBV EB 病毒Ewing’s sarcoma 尤文肉瘤extracellular matrix,ECM 细胞外基质fibroadenoma 纤维腺瘤fibroma 乳腺瘤fibrosarcoma 纤维肉瘤tumor giant cell 瘤巨细胞growth arrest and DNA damage45,GADD45 DNA 修复基因growth factor 生长因子growth factor receptors 生长因子受体growth fraction 生长分数growth pattern 生长方式heterogeneity 异质化Hodgkin’s disease,HD 霍奇金病Hodgkin lymphoma 霍奇金淋巴瘤infiltrating growth 浸润性生长intraepithelial neoplasia 上皮内瘤变keratin pearl 角化珠，癌珠leiomyoma 平滑肌瘤leiomyosarcoma 平滑肌肉瘤leukemia 白血病liposarcoma 脂肪肉瘤lymphangioma 淋巴管瘤lymphoma 淋巴瘤malignant change 恶变malignant lymphoma 恶性淋巴瘤malignant melanoma 恶性黑色素瘤malignant teratoma 恶性畸胎瘤medullary carcinoma 髓样癌melanoma 黑色素瘤mesenchyma,stroma 间质metastasis 转移mixed tumor 混合瘤mucinous cystadenoma 粘液性囊腺瘤mucoid carcinoma 粘液癌mutagens 致突变剂mutation 突变neoplasia 肿瘤形成neoplasm 新生物，肿瘤neovascularization 血管新生nephroblastoma 肾母细胞瘤oncogene,onc 癌基因oncology 肿瘤学oncoprotein 癌蛋白osteosarcoma 骨肉瘤papillary cystadenocarcinoma 乳头状囊腺癌papillary cystadenoma 乳头状囊腺瘤paraneoplastic syndrome 副肿瘤综合征parenchyma 实质pigmented nevus 皮肤色素痣polypous 息肉状polypous adenoma 息肉状腺瘤precancerous lesions 癌前病变progression 演进promoter 促癌物promotion 促进作用proto-oncogene 原癌基因provirus 前病毒retinoblastoma 视网膜母细胞瘤rhabdomyosarcoma 横纹肌肉瘤sarcoma 肉瘤scirrhous carcinoma 硬癌seeding in body cavity and surface 种植性转移sequestered antigen 隐蔽抗原serous papillary cystadenoma 浆液性乳头状囊腺瘤signet-ring cell carcinoma 印戒细胞癌skip metastasis 跳跃式转移solid carcinoma 实性癌spread of tumor 肿瘤的扩散squamous cell carcinoma 鳞状细胞癌squamous cell papilloma 乳头状瘤stroma cell tumor of the gastrointestinal tract 胃肠道间质细胞肿瘤telomeres 端粒teratoma 畸胎瘤transformation 转化transitional cell carcinoma 移行细胞癌translocation 易位tumor 肿瘤tumor immunity 肿瘤免疫tumor necrotic factor,TNF 肿瘤坏死因子tumor suppressor gene 肿瘤抑制基因two hits hypothesis 二次突变假说vasculogenesis 血管形成vasculostatin 脉管抑素verrucous carcinoma 疣状癌viral oncogene,v-onc 病毒癌基因Wilm’s tumor Wilms 瘤Tumor like conditions 瘤样病变中英文索引arteriosclerosis 动脉硬化atherosclerosis, AS 动脉粥样硬化Mönckeberg medial calcification 动脉中层钙化Arteriolosclerosis, arteriolar sclerosis 细动脉硬化症smooth muscle cell, SMC 平滑肌细胞ischemic heart disease, IHD 缺血性心脏病myocardial infarct, MI 心肌梗死stroke 中风risk factors 危险因素hyperlipidemia 高血脂症cholesterol 胆固醇coronary heart disease, CHD 冠心病lipoprotein, LP 脂蛋白chylomicrons, CM 乳糜微粒low-density lipoprotein, LDL 低密度脂蛋白very low-density lipoprotein, VLDL 极低密度脂蛋白high-density lipoprotein, HDL 高密度脂蛋白intermediate-density lipoprotein, IDL 中间密度脂蛋白small dense low density lipoprotein, sLDL 小颗粒致密低密度脂蛋白low-density lipoprotein- cholesterol, LDL-C 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇apolipoprotein, apo 载脂蛋白triglyceride, TG 甘油三酯lipoprotein(a), Lp(a) 脂蛋白（a）oxidized LDL, ox-LDL 氧化LDLlecithin-cholesterol acyltransgerase, LCAT 卵磷脂-胆固醇乙酰转移酶avian herpesvirus 鸟类泡疹病毒herpes simplex virus, HSV 单纯泡疹病毒cytomegalovirus, CMV 巨细胞病毒lipid infiltration/insudation hypothesis 脂质渗入学说(积蓄学说) micropinocytic channels 微胞饮通道reaction to injury hypothesis 损伤反应学说platelet-derived growth factor, PDGF 血小板源性生长因子tumor necrosis factor-a, TNF-a 肿瘤坏死因子-atransforming growth factor-b, TGF-a 转化生长因子-a fibroblast growth factor, FGF 成纤维细胞生长因子interleukin-1, IL-1 白介素-1endothelin, ET 内皮素monoclonal hypothesis 单克隆学说thrombus encrustation hypothesis 血栓镶嵌学说intimal cell mass and neointima formation hypothesis内膜细胞群和新内膜形成学说hemodynamic hypothesis 血液动力学学说nitric oxide synthase, NOS 一氧化氮合酶plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, PAI-1血纤溶酶原活化因子抑制剂-1intercellular adhesion molecule, ICAM 细胞间粘附分子vascular adhension molecule, VCAM 血管细胞粘附分子myo-intimal cell 肌内膜细胞fatty streak 脂纹foam cells, FC 泡沫细胞fibrous plaque 纤维斑块fibrous cap 纤维帽lipid zone 脂质区basal zone 基底部atheromatous plaque 粥样斑块atheroma 粥瘤coronary artherosclerosis 冠状动脉粥样硬化症coronary artery disease, CAD 冠状动脉疾病coronary heart disease, CHD 冠状动脉性心脏病angina pectoris, AP 心绞痛stable angina pectoris 稳定性心绞痛unstable angina pectoris 不稳定性心绞痛variant angina pectoris 变异性心绞痛subendocardial myocardial infarction 心内膜下心肌梗死circumferential infarction 环状梗死regional myocardial infarction 区域性心肌梗死transmural myocardial infarction 透壁性心肌梗死myocardial fibrosis 心肌纤维化chronic ischemic heart disease 慢性缺血性心脏病sudden cardiac death 心脏性猝死hypertension 高血压病hypothalamic inhibitor, HI 下丘脑抑制因子atrial natriuretic peptide，ANP 心房肽primary hypertension 原发性高血压secondary hypertension 继发性高血压essential hypertension 特发性高血压benign hypertension 良性高血压malignant hypertension 恶性高血压symptomatic hypertension 症状性高血压concentric hypertrophy 向心性肥大eccentric hypertrophy 离心性肥大hypertensive heart disease 高血压性心脏病primary granular atrophy of the kidney 原发性颗粒性固缩肾arteriolar nephrosclerosis 细动脉性肾硬化cerebral softening 脑软化microinfarct 微梗死灶cerebral lacunar infarct 脑腔隙状梗死cerebral hemorrhage 脑出血microaneurysm 微小动脉瘤aneurysm 动脉瘤saccular or berry aneurysm 囊性或浆果状动脉瘤true aneurysm 真性动脉瘤arterial aneurysm 动脉性动脉瘤false or pseudoaneurysm 假性动脉瘤dissecting aneurysm 夹层动脉瘤Aschoff baody 风湿小体Aschoff cell 风湿细胞aortic stenosis 主动脉瓣狭窄aortic insufficiency 主动脉瓣关闭不全acute infective endocaeditis 急性感染性心内膜炎acute pericarditis 急性心包炎chronic pericarditis 慢性心包炎chrouic no-constrictive pericarditis 慢性非缩窄性心包炎chrouic constrictive pericarditis 慢性缩窄性心包炎concretio pericarditis 粘连性心包炎cardiomyopathy 心肌病chronic valvuar of the heart 慢性心瓣膜病chorea minor 小舞蹈症dilated cardiomyopathy 扩张性心肌病erythema annulare 环形红斑fibrous pericarditis 纤维素性心包炎hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 肥厚性心肌病idiopaethic pericarditis 特发性心包炎infective endocarditis 感染性心内膜炎Keshan disease 克山病lupus pericarditis 狼疮性心包炎mitral stenosis 二尖瓣狭窄mitral insufficiency 二尖瓣关闭不全pericarditis 心包炎purulent pericarditis 化脓性心包炎pericarditis calculosa 钙化性心包炎restrictive cardiomyopathy 限制性心肌病rheumatic heart disease 风湿性心脏病rheumatic endocarditis 风湿性心内膜炎rheumatic myocarditis 风湿性心肌炎rheumatic pearicarditis 风湿性心外膜炎rheumatic pancarditis 风湿性全心炎rheumatic arteritis 风湿性动脉炎rheumatic pericarditis 风湿性心包炎rhematism fever 风湿热subacte infective endocarditis 亚急性心内膜炎subacte bacterial endocarditis 细菌性心内膜炎tuberculous pericarditis 结核性心包炎verrucos vegetatio 疣状赘生物verrucos endocaeditis 疣状心内膜炎valvular stenosis 瓣膜口狭窄valvular insufficiency 瓣膜关闭不全中英文索引α1－antitrypsin, α1－AT α1－抗胰蛋白酶acute respiratory distress syndrome, ARDS 急性呼吸窘迫综合征adult respiratory distress syndrome, ARDS 成人呼吸窘迫综合征alveolar emphysema 肺泡性肺气肿aspiration pneumonia 吸入性肺炎asbesesis 石棉肺asteroid body 星形体boneycomb lung 蜂窝肺bronchial asthma 支气管哮喘bronchiectasis 支气管扩张症bronchioalvolar carcinoma 细支气管肺泡癌bronchogenic carcinoma 支气管癌bronchopneumonia 支气管肺炎bullae lung 肺大泡carcinoma of the larynx 喉癌carcinoma of the lung 肺癌centriacinar emphysema 腺泡中央型肺气肿chronic bronchitis 慢性支气管炎chronic cor pulmonale 慢性肺源性心脏病chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, COPD 慢性阻塞性肺病compensatory emphysema 代偿性肺气肿compensatory emphysema 代偿性肺气肿confluent bronchopneumonia 融合性小叶性肺炎elastase 弹性蛋白酶hypostatic pneumonia 坠积性肺炎idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, IPF 特发性肺纤维化interlenkin,IL 白细胞介素interstitial emphysema 间质性肺气肿legionaires disease 军团菌病legionella pneumonia 军团菌性肺炎lobar pneumonia 大叶性肺炎lobular pneumonia 小叶性肺炎lobule 肺小叶muscularization of arterioles 无肌细动脉肌化mycoplasmal pneumonia 支原体肺炎nasopharyngeal carcinoma 鼻咽癌neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, NRDS 新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征obstructive emphysema 阻塞性肺气肿overinflation 过度充气panacinar emphysema 全腺泡型肺气肿paracicatrical emphysema 瘢痕旁肺气肿paraseptal emphysema 隔旁肺气肿periacinar emphysema 腺泡周围型肺气肿pneumoconiosis 肺尘埃沉着症pneumocystis pneumonia 卡氏肺孢菌性肺炎pneumocystis carinii 卡氏肺孢菌pneumonia 肺炎pulmonary acinus 肺腺泡pulmonary carnification 肺肉质变pulmonary cystic fibrosis 肺囊性纤维化pulmonary emphysema 肺气肿sarcoidosis 结节病senile emphysema 老年性肺气肿silicosis 肺硅沉着症silicotic nodule 硅结节silicotuberculosis 硅肺结核病viral pneumonia 病毒性肺炎中英文索引acute corrosive gastritis 急性腐蚀性胃炎advanced carcinoma 进展期胃癌acute esophagitis 急性食管炎acute gangrenous appendicitis 急性坏疽性阑尾炎acute hemorrhagic gastritis 急性出血性胃炎acute irritated gastritis 急性刺激性胃炎acute phlegmonous appendicitis 急性蜂窝织性阑尾炎acute simple appendicitis 急性单纯性阑尾炎acute gangrenous appendicitis 急性感染性阑尾炎Alcian blue 爱辛蓝Barrett’s esophagus Barrett 食管carcinoma of esophagus 食管癌carcinoma of the large intestine 大肠癌chronic esophagitis 慢性食道炎chronic atrophic gastritis 慢性萎缩性胃炎chronic appendicitis 慢性阑尾炎chronic peptic ulcer 慢性消化性溃疡chronic superficial gastritis 慢性表浅性胃炎Crohn’s disease 克罗恩病colorectal cancer 结、直肠癌crypt abscess 隐窝脓肿early gastric carcinoma 早期胃癌esophageal varices 食管静脉曲张eosinophilic gastritis 嗜酸性胃炎excavated type 凹陷型fungating type 蕈伞型gastritis verrucosa 疣状胃炎gastric carcinoma 胃癌granulomatous gastritis 肉芽肿性胃炎healing 愈合hemorrhage 出血helicobacter pylori (HP) 幽门螺杆菌high iron diamine 高铁二胺hypertrophic gastritis 肥厚型胃炎inflammatory bowel disease 炎症性肠病infiltrating type 浸润型intestinal metaplasia 肠上皮化生Krukenberg’s tumor 库肯勃瘤linitis plastica 革囊胃malignant transformation 癌变menetrier’s disease menetrier 病perforation 穿孔polypoid type 息肉型pyloric obstruction 幽门梗阻pyloric stenosis 幽门狭窄protruded type 隆起型reflux esophagitis 返流性食管炎regional enteritis 节段性肠炎signet-ring cell carcinoma 印戒细胞癌squamous papilloma 鳞状上皮乳头状瘤superficial type 表浅型ulcerative colitis 溃疡性结肠炎ulcerative type 溃疡型acidophilic body 或Councillman body 嗜酸性小体acute hemorrhagic necrosis of pancreas 急性出血性胰腺坏死aflatoxin 黄曲霉素alcoholic liver disease 酒精性肝病alcoholic hepatitis 酒精性肝炎alcoholic cirrhosis 酒精性肝硬化ascites 腹水aspergillus flavus 黄曲霉菌biliary cirrhosis 胆汁性肝硬化biliary cirrhosis 胆汁性肝硬化biliary reflux 胆汁返流bridging necrosis 桥接坏死caput medusae 海蛇头carcinoma of the extrahepatic bile ducts 肝外胆管癌carcinoma of the gallbladder 胆囊癌cholangitis 胆管炎cholecystitis 胆囊炎cholelithiasis 胆石症enterokinase 肠激酶hemochromatosis 血色病hepatorenal syndrome 肝肾综合征liver cirrhosis 肝硬化pancreatitis 胰腺炎piecemeal necrosis 碎片状坏死portal cirrhosis 门脉性肝硬化postnecrotic cirrhosis 坏死后性肝硬化primary carcinoma of liver 原发性肝癌secretin 促胰液素splenomegaly 慢性淤血性脾肿大spotty necrosis 点状坏死viral hepatitis 病毒性肝炎中英文索引Hodgkin lymphoma, HL 霍奇金淋巴瘤non-Hodgkin lymphoma，NHL 非霍奇金淋巴瘤Reed-Sternberg Cell R-S 细胞mirror image cell 镜影细胞lacunar cell 陷窝细胞Hodgkin cell 霍奇金细胞popcorn cell “爆米花”细胞lymphoblalstic lymphoma, LBL 淋巴母细胞淋巴瘤nodular sclerosis Hodgkin lymphoma, NSHL 结节硬化型霍奇金淋巴瘤acute lymphoblastic leukemia, ALL 急性淋巴母细胞白血病chronic lymphocytic leukemia / small lymphocytic lymphoma，CLL/SLL慢性淋巴细胞白血病/小淋巴细胞淋巴瘤pseudofollicle 假滤泡follicular lymphoma 滤泡性淋巴瘤diffuse large B-cell lymphoma，DLBL 弥漫性大B 细胞淋巴瘤Burkitt lymphoma Burkitt 淋巴瘤peripheral T-cell lymphoma 周围T 细胞淋巴瘤extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma 结外NK/T 细胞淋巴瘤myeloid neoplasms 髓样肿瘤acute myelogenous leukemia，AML 急性髓性白血病granulocytic sarcoma 粒细胞肉瘤chloroma 绿色瘤chronic myeloproliferative disorders, MPD 慢性骨髓增生性疾病Philadelphia chromosome, Ph1 费城染色体1chronic myelogenous leukemia，CML 慢性髓性白血病leukemoid reaction 类白血病反应histiocytosis 组织细胞增生症malignant histiocytosis，MH 恶性组织细胞增生症dendritic cell neoplasm 树突状细胞肿瘤Langerhans cell histocytosisLangerhans 细胞组织细胞增生症histiocytosis X 组织细胞增生症Xreactive hyperplasia of the lymph node 淋巴结反应性增生non-specific lymphadenitis 非特异性淋巴结炎infectious mononucleosis 传染性单核细胞增多症tubercular lymphadenitis 淋巴结结核tubercles 结核结节fast-anti stain 抗酸染色malignant lymphoma 恶性淋巴瘤lymphoid neoplasms 淋巴样肿瘤中英文索引size-selective barrier 大小选择屏障proteinuria 蛋白尿hypocomplementic glomerulonephritis 低补体血性肾小球肾炎charge-selective barrier 电荷选择屏障spike 钉状突起polyuria 多尿non-selective proteinuria 非选择性蛋白尿recurrent or continous hematuria 反复发作性或持续性血尿post-infectious glomerulonephritis 感染后肾小球肾炎cast 管型IgA nephropathy Berger’s disease IgA 肾病secondary glomerular disease 继发性肾小球疾病acute nephritis syndrome 急性肾炎综合征acute pyelonephritis 急性肾盂肾炎acute tubular necrosis 急性肾小管坏死creatinine 肌酐thyroid-like appearance 甲状腺样变microscopic hematuria 镜下血尿focal segmental glomerulosclerosis 局灶性节段性肾小球硬化focal proliferative glomnerulonephritis 局灶性增生性肾小球肾炎granular nephrosclerosis 颗粒性固缩肾rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis 快速进行性肾小球肾炎rapidly progressive nephritis syndrome 快速进行性肾炎综合征lupus nephritis 狼疮性肾炎post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis 链球菌感染后肾小球肾炎slit pore 裂孔slit membrane 裂孔膜heparan sulfate proteoglycan 硫酸类肝素多糖蛋白filtration membrane 滤过膜chronic nephritis syndrome 慢性肾炎综合征chronic pyelonephritis 慢性肾盂肾炎endocapillary proliferative glomerulonephritis 毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎extracapillary glomerulonephritis 毛细血管外增生性肾小球肾炎membranous nephropathy 膜性肾病membranous glomerulonephritis 膜性肾小球肾炎membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis 膜增生性肾小球肾炎obstruction of urinary tract 尿道阻塞uremia 尿毒症pyuria 脓尿vesicoureteric reflux 膀胱输尿管返流minimal change glomerulonephritis 轻微病变性肾小球肾炎gross hematuria 肉眼血尿ascending infection 上行性感染oliguria 少尿nephrotic syndrome 肾病综合征nephron 肾单位renal failure 肾功能衰竭nephroblastoma 肾母细胞瘤renal papillary necrosis 肾乳头坏死renal cell carcinoma 肾细胞癌tubulointerstitial nepheritis 肾小管间质性肾炎renal capsule 肾小囊urinary space 肾小囊腔glomerulus 肾小球glomerular disease 肾小球疾病glomerular basement membrane 肾小球基底膜minimal change disease 肾小球轻微病变glomerulonephritis 肾小球肾炎renal hypertension 肾性高血压renal edema 肾性水肿pyonephrosis 肾盂积脓perinephric abscess 肾周围脓肿double contour 双轮廓diabetic nephropathy 糖尿病性肾病clear cell carcinoma 透明细胞癌hump 驼峰状沉积物anuria 无尿cellular crescent 细胞性新月体bacteriuria 细菌尿mesangium 系膜mesangial interposition 系膜插入mesangial matrix 系膜基质mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis 系膜毛细血管性肾小球肾炎mesangial cell 系膜细胞mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis 系膜增生性肾小球肾炎fibrous crescent 纤维性新月体crescentic glomerulonephritis 新月体性肾小球肾炎selective proteimuria 选择性蛋白尿hematuria 血尿bloodstream spread 血源性感染transitional cell carcinoma 移行细胞癌occult nephritis syndrome 隐匿性肾炎综合征sclerosing glomerulonephritis 硬化性肾小球肾炎primary glomerular disease 原发性肾小球疾病in situ immune complex 原位免疫复合物dense deposit disease 致密沉积物病lipoid nephrosis 脂性肾病purpura nephritis 紫癜性肾炎podocyte 足细胞summary中英文索引cervicalepithelialdysplasia 子宫颈上皮非典型增生carcinomaofcervix 子宫颈癌squmouscellcarcinomaofthecervix 子宫颈鳞状上皮癌cervicaladenocarcinoma 子宫颈腺癌endometrialhyperplasia 子宫内膜增生症adenomyosis 子宫腺肌病endometriosis 子宫内膜异位症leiomyoma 平滑平滑肌瘤endometrialcarcinoma 子宫内膜癌adenoacanthoma 腺棘癌adenosquamouscarcinoma 腺鳞癌hydatidiformmol 葡萄胎invasivemole 侵蚀性葡萄胎choriocarcinoma 绒毛膜上皮癌placentalsitetrophoblastictumor 胎盘部位滋养细胞肿瘤seroustumors 浆液性肿瘤mucinoustumors 粘液性肿瘤peritonealpseudomyxoma 腹膜假粘液瘤teratoma 畸胎瘤dysgeminoma 无性细胞瘤granulosacelltumor 颗粒细胞瘤Sertoli-Leydigcelltumors 支持-间质细胞瘤hyperplasiaofprostate 前列腺增生carcinomaoftheprostate 前列腺癌prostaticspecificantigen 前列腺特异性抗原seminoma 精原细胞瘤embryonalcarcinoma 胚胎性癌carcinomaofthepenis 阴茎癌fibrocysticchangeofthebreast 乳腺纤维囊性变sclerosingadenosis 硬化性腺病fibroadenoma 乳腺纤维腺瘤carcinomaofthebreast 乳腺癌introductalcarcinomainsitu 导管内原位癌comedocarcinoma 粉刺癌lobularcarcinomainsitu 小叶原位癌invasiveductalcarcinoma 浸润性导管癌invasivelobularcarcinoma 浸润性小叶癌gynecomastia 男性乳腺发育中英文索引autocrine 自分泌adrenocorticotropin hormone ACTH 促肾上腺皮质激素antidiuretic hormone, ADH 抗利尿激素acromegaly 肢端肥大症acidophile cell adenoma 嗜酸性细胞腺瘤autoimmune thyroiditis 自身免疫性甲状腺炎adenolipoma 腺脂肪瘤atypical adenoma 非典型腺瘤anaplastic carcinoma 间变性癌androgen 肾上腺雄激素acute adrenocortical insufficiency 急性肾上腺皮质功能低autoimmune adrenalitis 自身免疫性肾上腺炎adrenocortical adenoma 肾上腺皮质腺瘤adrenocortical carcinoma 肾上腺皮质腺癌acidophilic cell carcinoma 嗜酸细胞癌ACTH cell adenoma 促肾上腺皮质激素细胞腺瘤basophile cell adenoma 嗜碱性细胞腺瘤chromophobe cell adenoma 嫌色性细胞腺瘤craniopharyngioma 颅咽管瘤cretinism 克汀病或呆小症colloid adenoma 胶样腺瘤calcitonin 降钙素chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis 慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎Calcitonin 髓样癌Cushing syndrome 库欣综合征corticotropine releasing factor, CRF 下丘脑分泌皮质激素释放因子Cushing 垂体性chromaffin cell 肾上腺髓质嗜铬细胞chronic adrenocortical insufficiency 慢性肾上腺皮质功能低下chromogranin proteins A 嗜酪蛋白Achronic woody thyroiditis 氏甲状腺肿或慢性木样甲状腺炎C-cell carcinoma C 细胞癌calcitonin 降钙素diffuse nontoxic goiter 弥漫性非毒性甲状腺肿diffuse hyperplastic goiter 弥漫性增生性甲状腺肿diffuse colloid goiter 弥漫性胶样甲状腺肿diffuse toxic goiter 弥漫性毒性甲状腺肿diabetes mellitus 糖尿病deseminative neuroendocrine system 弥漫性神经内分泌系统diabetes insipidus 尿崩症endocrine system 内分泌系统endocellular secretion 胞内分泌endemic goiter 地方性甲状腺肿exophthalmic goiter 突眼性甲状腺肿embryonal adenoma 胚胎型腺瘤epithelial membrane antigen, EMA 上皮膜抗原follicle stimulating hormone, FSH 促卵泡素fibrous thyroiditis 纤维性甲状腺炎follicular adenoma 滤泡性腺瘤follicular carcinoma 滤泡癌fetal adenoma 胎儿型腺瘤galactorrhea-amenorrhea syndrome 溢乳一闭经综合征granulomatous thyroiditis 肉芽肿性甲状腺炎giant cell thyroiditis 巨细胞性甲状腺炎glucocorticoid 糖皮质激素glucagonoma 胰高糖素瘤gastrinoma 胃泌素瘤growth hormone, GH 生长激素aging 老化GH cell adenoma 生长激素细胞腺瘤hormone 激素hyperprolactinemia 催乳素过高血症hyperthyroidism 甲状腺功能亢进症hypothyroidism 甲状腺功能低下hypercortisolism 皮质醇增多症hyperaldosteronism 醛固酮增多症hyperaldosteronism 醛固酮增多症Hashimoto's thyroiditis 桥本甲状腺炎hyperpituitarism 垂体前叶功能亢进idiopathic adrenal atrophy 特发性肾上腺萎缩intra adrenal paraganglioma 肾上腺内副神经节瘤insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus,IDDM 胰岛素依赖型糖尿病islet cell adenoma 胰岛细胞腺瘤insulinoma 胰岛素瘤keratin 角蛋白luteinizing hormone, LH 促黄体素Lipotrophic hormone, LPH 促脂解激素mixed cell adenoma 混合细胞腺瘤myxoedema 粘液水肿macrofollicular adenoma 巨滤泡型腺瘤microfollicular adenoma 小滤泡型腺瘤microcarcinoma 微小癌mineralocorticoid 盐皮质激素nonfunctional cell adenoma 无功能性细胞腺瘤nodular goiter 结节性甲状腺肿normofollicular adenoma 正常大小滤泡型腺瘤neurofilament 神经微丝non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, NIDDM 非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病oxytocin, OT 分泌催产素oxyphilc cell type adenoma 嗜酸细胞腺瘤occult carcinoma 隐匿性癌paracrine 旁分泌Prolactin,PRL 催乳素precocious puberty 性早熟症pituitary gigantism 垂体性巨人症pituitary drawfism 垂体性侏儒症pituitary adenoma 垂体腺瘤PRL cell adenoma 催乳素细胞腺瘤plurihormonal cell adenoma 多种激素细胞腺瘤pituitary carcinoma 垂体腺癌Pituitary adamantinoma 垂体造釉细胞瘤papillary carcinoma 乳头状癌papillary cystadenocarcinoma 乳头状囊腺癌psammoma bodies 砂粒体primary aldosteronism 原发性醛酮增多症phenochromocytoma 嗜铬细胞瘤primary diabetes mellitus 原发性糖尿病pancreatic polypeptidoma 胰多肽瘤Rathke 拉克radiation thyroiditis 放射性甲状腺炎simmond syndrome Simmond 综合征suprasellar cyst 鞍上囊肿simple goiter 单纯性甲状腺肿subacute thyroiditis 亚急性甲状腺炎simple adenoma 单纯性腺瘤sarcomatoid carcinoma 肉瘤样癌secondary aldosteronism 继发性醛固酮增多症secondary diabetes mellitus 继发性糖尿病somatostatinoma 生长抑素瘤telecrine 远距离分泌thyroid stimulating hormone, TSH 促甲状腺素TSH cell adenoma 促甲状腺细胞腺瘤tumor of hyphophysis duct 囊瘤、垂体管瘤thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins,TSI 甲状腺刺激免疫球蛋白thyroid growth-stimulating immunoglobulins，TGI 甲状腺生长刺激免疫球蛋白thyroid adenoma 甲状腺腺瘤trabecular and solid adenoma 梁状和实性腺瘤thyroid carcinoma 甲状腺癌thyroglobulin 甲状腺球蛋白thyroglobulin 滤性腺癌、乳头状癌和未分化癌undifferentiated carcinoma 未分化癌VIPoma 胰血管活性肠肽瘤中英文索引Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis 急性播散性脑脊髓炎Alzheimer disease，AD Alzheimer 病，老年性痴呆Astrocyte 星形胶质细胞Astrocytoma 星形胶质细胞瘤Brain abscess 脑脓肿Brain edema 脑水肿Brain hernia 脑疝Central chromatolysis 中央性尼氏小体溶解Cytotoxic edema 细胞源性脑水肿Demylination 脱髓鞘Epdemic cerebrospinal meningitis 流行性脑脊髓膜炎Ependymal cell 室管膜细胞Ependymoma 室管膜瘤Epidemic encephalitis B 流行性乙型脑炎Episthiotonus 角弓反张。

人血小板裂解液在人牙髓间充质细胞体外增殖与分化中的应用

人血小板裂解液在人牙髓间充质细胞体外增殖与分化中的应用
谢贤哲ꎬ徐燕ꎬ何家林ꎬ王腾飞ꎬ霍冬梅
摘要目的探索人血小板裂解液( ＨＰＬ) 在人牙髓间充质
细胞体外培养使用胎牛血清 ( ｆｅｔａｌｂｏｖｉｎｅｓｅｒｕｍꎬ
胎牛血清( ＦＢＳ) 提供依据ꎮ 方法分别使用不同浓度ＨＰＬ
光倒置显微镜 ( ＤＭＩ３０００Ｂꎬ德国Ｌｅｉｃａ公司) ꎻ茜素
红Ｓ法染色试剂盒、ＣＣＫ￣８试剂盒( 北京Ｓｏｌａｒｂｉｏ公
司) ꎻＴＲＩｚｏｌ( 美国Ｉｎｔｒｏｖｉｇｅｎ公司) ꎻ实时荧光定量聚
合酶链反应 ( Ｒｅａｌｔｉｍｅｑｕａｎｔｉｔｉｖｅ￣ｐｏｌｙｍｅｒａｓｅｃｈａｉｎ
ｔｏｓｉｓｗａｓｄｅｔｅｃｔｅｄｂｙｆｌｏｗｃｙｔｏｍｅｔｒｙꎬ ４５５８％ｉｎｔｈｅｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｇｒｏｕｐａｎｄ３１５０％ｉｎｔｈｅｍｏｄｅｌｇｒｏｕｐ. Ｃｏｎｃｌｕｓｉｏｎ
用受到了极大的限制 [１] ꎮ 血小板裂解液 ( ｈｕｍａｎ
ｐｌａｔｅｌｅｔｌｙｓａｔｅꎬＨＰＬ) 作为可能的ＦＢＳ替代物受到广
泛的关注 [２－３] ꎮ 很多学者尝试使用ＨＰＬ对细胞进
行体外扩增ꎬ 但对于最适使用浓度的观点仍未统
一 [４] ꎮ
蛋白网分离ꎬ上清液于－８０ ℃ 与３７ ℃ 下反复冻融３
ｔｈｅｈｅｐａｔｏｃｙｔｅｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｗａｓｉｎｔａｃｔａｎｄｔｈｅａｐｏｐｔｏｓｉｓｉｎｄｅｘｗａｓ３６１％ . Ｉｎｔｈｅｍｏｄｅｌｇｒｏｕｐꎬ ｔｈｅｌｉｖｅｒｃａｂｌｅｓｔｒｕｃ￣

本刊对基金项目的证明和著录要求

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sustains the release cO intravitreal bevacizumab isD d+J].Invest Ophthalmol Yis Sei,2014,55(1):469-476.DOI:10.1167/iovs.13-13120.(收稿日期:2020-11-04修回日期:2020-12-13)(本文编辑：张宇)读者・作者・编者本刊对基金项目的证明和著录要求文稿所涉及的课题如为国家级、部级、省级等基金资助项目，请分别用中英文表述并分别列于文章中英文摘要关键词之下，“基金项目：”进行标识，并注明基金项目名称，并在圆括号内注明基金项目编号(基金项目名称应按国家有关部门规定的正式名称填写，多个基金资助的项目请全部列出,按资助机构的等级顺序排列，并以“；”隔开(如:基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目(30271269);国家重点基础研究发展规划(973计划)(2013CB532002)；Fund program:National Natural Science Foundation of China (30271269)；National Key Basic Research Program of China(973Program)(2013CB532002)(获得基金项目资助的论文投稿时请提供基金项目资助证明的复印件或扫描后发至编辑部信箱((本刊编辑部)。

滑膜肉瘤的诊断和治疗进展

断存在着较大困难。滑膜肉瘤主要依赖手术治疗，但是由于其容易复发，放化疗等综合治疗越来越重青壮年，以２０～４０岁多
要。本文就滑膜肉瘤的病理特征、诊治进展及预后分析方面进行综述。
见。常见发病部位依次为
ｔ／ｏｎｗｉｔｈＶＥＧＦＲ－２ｉｎｐｒｉｎｍｒｙｌｙｍｐｈａｔｉｃｅｎｄｏｔｈｅｌｉａｌｃｅｌｌｓｒｅｇｕｌａｔｅｓ
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贝伐珠单抗联合培美曲塞治疗老年晚期肺腺癌的临床疗效及对机体免疫功能的影响

贝伐珠单抗联合培美曲塞治疗老年晚期肺腺癌的临床疗效及对机体免疫功能的影响韩磊！，张颖,张志国，卢桂龙,卢元丽，宋春青#(首都医科大学大兴教学医院肿瘤内科，北京102600)中图分类号R979.1文献标志码A文章编号1672-2124( 2020)12-1460-05DOI10.14009/j.issn.1672-2124.2020.12.014摘要目的：探讨贝伐珠单抗联合培美曲塞治疗老年晚期肺腺癌的临床疗效及对机体免疫功能的影响。

方法:采用前瞻性队列研究设计，纳入2015年a月至2018年12月首都医科大学大兴教学医院收治的符合入组标准的晚期肺腺癌患者，根据治疗方案的不同分为对照组和研究组。

对照组40例患者给予培美曲塞500mg/m2，静脉滴注，仅第1日给药，每21.为1个周期。

研究组42例患者给予培美曲塞500m/m2，静脉滴注，仅第1日给药，每21.为1个周期'贝伐珠单抗7.5m///静脉滴注，仅第1日给药，每14.为1个周期。

两组患者均接受至少4个周期的化疗，4个周期后比较两组患者的临床疗效、不良反应及外周血免疫指标变化，并随访疾病无进展生存期(progression free survival,PFS)$结果：研究组、对照组患者的客观有效率分别为52.4% (22/42)、37.5%(15/40)，差异无统计学意义(!=0.176)；疾病控制率分别为83.3%(35/42)、62.5%(25/40),差异有统计学意义(!二0.033)$研究组患者的中位PFS为6.5个月(95%C'：5.82〜7.29个月)，对照组患者的PFS为5.2个月(95%C'：4.45〜5.97个月)，两组比较，差异有统计学意义(!=0.04)$两组患者主要的3/4级不良反应包括中性粒细胞减少、血小板减少、贫血、恶心呕吐、乏力、高血压及蛋白尿，两组患者各不良反应发生率的差异均无统计学意义(！>0.05)$对照组患者治疗后T细胞亚群、自然杀伤细胞(NK细胞)活性、免疫球蛋白A(IgA)和免疫球蛋白M(IgM)水平明显降低，与治疗前比较的差异均有统计学意义(!< 0.05)'研究组患者治疗后T细胞亚群、NK细胞活性、IgA和IgM水平较治疗前降低不明显，与对照组治疗后的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)$治疗前后，两组患者IgG水平组內、组间比较，差异均无统计学意义(！>0.05)$结论：贝伐珠单抗联合培美曲塞治疗老年晚期肺腺癌的疗效确切,疾病控制率优于培美曲赛单药治疗，不良反应可耐受，对外周血免疫指标水平的影响相对较小$关键词贝伐珠单抗；培美曲塞；肺腺癌；免疫功能Clinical Efficacy of Bevacizumab Combined with Pemetrexed in the Treatment of Advanced Lung Adenocarcinoma in the Elderly and itr Effects on Immune FunctionHAN Lei#ZHANG Yin/,ZHANG Zhi/uo,LU Guilong,LU Yuanli#SONG Chunqin/(Dept.of Oncology#Daxing Teaching Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing102600,China)ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE:To probe inta the clinical eiicacy of bevacizumab combined with pemetrexed in the treatment of advanced lung adenocarcinoma in the elderly and its effects on immune function.METHODS:Prospective cohort study deign was adopted.Patienh with advanced lung adenocarcinoma who met the inclusion c V/V v and admitted into Daxing Teeching Hospital,Capital Medical University from Aug.2015to Dea.2018were divided into the controo group and the study group accarding ta dif fe vnt1x0x0.FoVy patients in tae controo group were given pemetrexed500mg/m2intravenously,and the drug was administered only on the fimi day,with21d foe one cycle.FoVy-tmo patients in the study group received pemetrexed500mg/m2intravenously,and the drug was adminttered only on the first day,with21d for one cycle；bevecizumab7.5m/]g intravenously,and the drug was administered ony on the first day,with14d for one cycle.Both groups received at leest4cycles of chemotheapy, and after4cycles,the clmical efficacy,adverse drug vections,and peapherae blood immuna indicators were compared betmeen tmo groups,and the disese prooression-free survival(PFS)was followed up.RESULTS:The objective effective rates in the study group and the conhco group were52.4%(22/42)and37.5%(15/40), respectively,with no statisticaHy signincant dOferenco(!=0.176);t he disesse conhco rates were vspetmSy83.3% (35/42)and62.5%(25/40),with statisticaHy significant diffms(!二0.033).The median PFS of the study group was6.5months(95%C/:from5.82to7.29months),whie that of the conhco group was5.2months(95%C/：from4.45to5.97months),the dmerenco was statisticaHy si/ificant(!=0.04).The main/ade3/4adverse drug*主任医师*研究方向：肿瘤的诊断及治疗*E-mail：zhan/h1029@#通信作者:主任医师*研究方向:肿瘤的靶向及免疫治疗*Emaii：0nychunqmyl63@163.cmreactions in two groups were neutropenia#thrombocytopenia#anemia#nausea and vomiting#fatigue#hypertension and proteinuria#and the dferency was not statisticylly signiOcynt(!>0.05).T cell subsets#NK cell activity#IgA and IgM levels in the controt group dmsed significyntly after treatwent#and the deferences were statisticyay significyni compared with thoss befoo treatwent(P<0.05).T cell subsets,NK cell activity#IgA and IgM kvels in the study group did not decreese signiVcently dfter treatwent,and the dference was statisticylly significent cempared with those in the centroo group dfter treatment(!<0.05).Before and aOer treatwent,there was no statisticylly significent dCerence in IgG levels between two groups(!>0.05).CONCLUSIONS:The efficacy of bevvcizumab combined with pemetrexed in the treatwent of advvnced lung adenocercinoma in the elderly is sivnincynt,the disess controo rate was supeOor te pemetrexacin monotherapy,wi U tolerabk advrss drug reactions,and the ejects on the lvl of peripheel immune indiceton are small.KEYWORDS Bevcizumab；Pemetexed;Lung adenocercinoma;Immune function肺腺癌（lung adenocarcinoma,LAC）是严重威胁人类健康和生命的恶性肿瘤之一*然而,大多数LAC患者在诊断时已经失去了手术的机会，以化疗为主的综合治疗是晚期LAC的主要治疗方法*目前，联合多种化疗药治疗晚期LAC已显示出显著的效果⑴*培美曲塞联合顺铂被美国临床肿瘤学会（American society of clinicel oncylogy,ASCO）推荐为晚期LAC 治疗的一线选择［旳，但其疗效似乎已达到瓶颈*近年来，贝伐珠单抗等新型靶向药物的临床应用为晚期恶性肿瘤患者带来了新的希望*贝伐珠单抗是一种有效的靶向药物，可阻断血管内皮生长因子（vvsculae endothelial gewth factoe,VEGF）与受体的结合，从而抑制血管的形成,抑制肿瘤生长目前,贝伐珠单抗联合培美曲塞及顺钳化疗已成为临床一线治疗方案。

百令胶囊对慢性肾衰竭患者临床疗效及血管内皮生长因子的影响

化瘀、益肾补气的药物。百令胶囊由发酵冬虫夏草粉制成，具有补肺肾、益精气，减轻炎症、调节免疫等功效 [6]。有相关研究发
1.3 观察指标 ①临床治疗疗效。显效：Scr 下降幅度超过 30%，患者临床
现，血管内皮生长因子（Vascular endothelial growth facto，VEGF）症状消失；有效：Scr 下降幅度超过 20%，患者临床症状有所改
两组治疗前相比，Scr、Ccr、BUN 差异较小（P ＞ 0.05），较
娠期或哺乳期女性；⑤依从性差者。
治疗前相比，两组治疗后 Scr、Ccr、BUN 均有所改善（P ＜ 0.05），
78 中国处方药第 19 卷第 6 期
·疗效评价·
且观察组 BUN、Scr 均低于对照组，Ccr 高于对照组（P ＜ 0.05）。详见表 2。
损害的一种综合征。 [1-2] 据统计，CRF 会严重影响患者的生活质量，且 5 年生存率低于 40%[3]。对于 CRF 的治疗，临床上会依照患者的病情予以透析和非透析治疗 [4]。在非透析治疗中，常
病情予以叶酸、促红细胞生成素等治疗，如尿毒症患者，需注射十一酸睾丸酮。治疗期间，患者需采取低磷、低蛋白饮食。治疗 2 个月。
观察组治疗后
80 400.54±174.47ab 30.25±7.25ab 18.13±7.21ab
注：a 与治疗前相比，P ＜ 0.05；b 与对照组治疗后相比，P ＜ 0.05
2.3 两组微炎症指标比较两组治疗前相比，VEGF、TNF-α、IL-6 差异较小（P ＞ 0.05），较治疗前相比，两组治疗后 VEGF、TNF-α、IL-6 均有所下降（P ＜ 0.05），且观察组下降幅度大于对照组（P ＜ 0.05）。详见表 3。

血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)与神经系统疾病相关性研究进展

Advances in Clinical Medicine 临床医学进展, 2021, 11(2), 821-825Published Online February 2021 in Hans. /journal/acmhttps:///10.12677/acm.2021.112116血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)与神经系统疾病相关性研究进展刘晓扬，吕婷，杨光路*内蒙古医科大学，内蒙古呼和浩特收稿日期：2021年1月25日；录用日期：2021年2月9日；发布日期：2021年2月26日摘要血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF)是一种具有高特异性重要促血管生成活性的生长因子，具有促进血管内皮细胞增殖分化，促进血管发生、血管生成、促进细胞迁移、抑制肿瘤细胞凋亡等作用，在调节正常和病理性血管生成过程中发挥积极作用，本文总结了神经系统多种疾病如癫痫、惊厥、脑梗死、脑肿瘤、脊髓炎及注意力缺陷多动障碍等与VEGF表达的相关性进展，目前，利用抗VEGF和抗VEGFRs治疗来阻断肿瘤或其他病理过程中的血管生成被认为是极其重要的。

关键词VEGF，癫痫，脑卒中，视神经脊髓炎Research Progress on the Relationshipbetween Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Nervous System DiseasesXiaoyang Liu, Ting Lv, Guanglu Yang*Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot Inner MongoliaReceived: Jan. 25th, 2021; accepted: Feb. 9th, 2021; published: Feb. 26th, 2021AbstractVascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a kind of growth factor with high specific and impor-*通讯作者。

地塞米松玻璃体内植入剂治疗视网膜静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿的临床观察

DOI：10.19763/ki.2096-7403.2021.03.14
视网膜静脉阻塞（retinal vein occlusion，RVO）是指视网膜中央静脉和分支静脉内的急性血流梗阻，是临床最常见的视网膜血管疾患之一，多发生于合并心血管疾病的中老年人群。产生视网膜静脉阻塞的因素较为复杂，常为多种因素综合形成。视力预后与 RVO 类型、阻塞部位及病情程度有关，如黄斑受损，特别是引起黄斑囊样水肿（cys原 toid macular edema，CME）则预后不良咱1暂。历版《中医眼科学》教材将本病归入“暴盲”中咱2暂。中医病因病机多因劳倦竭视，阴血暗耗，心血不足，无以化气，致脾气虚弱，血失统摄，血溢脉外；或肝肾阴亏，水不涵木，肝阳上亢，血不循经而外溢；或情志内伤，肝气郁结，肝失调达，气机失调，气滞化瘀，郁久化火，迫血妄行；或过食肥甘厚味，痰湿内生，痰凝气滞，血脉瘀阻；或血行不畅，瘀滞脉内，久瘀伤络而出血咱3暂。
治疗后每 4 周采用与治疗前相同设备和方法进行相关检查。Ozurdex 治疗后第 12 周随访检查时，如出现下列情况选择再次注药。淤视力恶化超过 10 个字母；于OCT 检查可见黄斑中心凹高度隆起，内界膜覆盖于囊肿表面，CRT 超过 290 滋m；盂FFA 显示黄斑区渗漏增加或新病灶出现。
注：与治疗前比较，P约0.01
Ozurdzx 眼内注射后 8 周，患眼 BCVA 0.3耀0.8， 31 眼 BCVA 相对基线改善跃15 个字母（86.11%）， 3 眼改善 11~15 个字母（8.33%），2 眼改善 0~10 个字母（5.56%）。ETDRS 视力字母表可看到（54.31依
在治疗视网膜静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿中应用抗血管内皮因子（vascular endothelial growth facto，

α2-巨球蛋白通过调控血管内皮细胞改善小鼠激素性股骨头坏死

糖皮质激素（GC ）广泛应用于严重感染、血液病和自身免疫性疾病，发挥其抗炎、代谢调节和免疫抑制的作用［1］。

然而，超生理剂量GC 的应用可导致库欣综合征、骨质疏松和心血管反应等一系列的副作用。

激素性股骨头坏死（SANFH ）是过量使用糖皮质激素的严重后α2-macroglobulin alleviates glucocorticoid-induced avascular necrosis of the femoral head in mice by promoting proliferation,migration and angiogenesis of vascular endothelial cellsZHU Qi,LU Yunxiang,PENG You,HE Jiale,WEI Zeyu,LI Zhiyong,CHEN YuxianDepartment of Joint Surgery,Third Affiliated Hospital,Sun Yat-Sen University,Guangzhou 510630,China摘要：目的探讨α2-巨球蛋白（A2M ）是否对激素性股骨头坏死（SANFH ）具有保护作用。

方法体外实验：用梯度浓度（10-8~10-5mol/L ）地塞米松（DEX ）处理人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVECs ）建立糖皮质激素（GC ）诱导内皮细胞损伤体外模型，设置对照组、DEX 组、DEX+A2M （0.05mg/mL ）和DEX+A2M （0.1mg/mL ）4组，采用CCK-8法检测细胞活性，Transwell 实验和划痕愈合实验检测HUVECs 迁移，血管形成实验检测HUVECs 血管形成能力，Western blot 检测HUVECs 中CD31和VEGF-A 蛋白表达水平。

体内实验：将24只BALB/c 小鼠分为对照组、模型组（GC ）和干预组（GC+A2M ），Micro-CT 检测骨小梁情况，HE 染色观察组织学特征，免疫组化染色检测CD31的表达。

子宫平滑肌肿瘤的病理学研究进展

网络出版时间：2420-11-6310：23网络出版地址：https：//dn neWhcms/dewU/34.173.R.24241123.4941.413.htwi 子宫平滑肌肿瘤的病理学研究进展谢淦，张帆，陈吉，陈亚红，刘海艳摘要:子宫平滑肌肿瘤是女性生殖系统疾病中常见的疾病之一,WHO(2214)平滑肌肿瘤分类将子宫平滑肌肿瘤分为平滑肌瘤及其特殊亚型、不确定恶性潜能的平滑肌肿瘤及平滑肌肉瘤。

了解子宫平滑肌肿瘤各亚型的临床特点及病理特征，对临床、病理医师均具有重要意义。

该文总结国内外相关文献,对子宫平滑肌肿瘤的临床病理学特征进行简要综述。

关键词:子宫肿瘤;平滑肌肿瘤;平滑肌肉瘤;不确定恶性潜能的平滑肌肿瘤;文献综述中图分类号:R737.33文献标志码：A文章编号：041-7369(2222)11-1324-44dol：1.13315/dn cjcep.2424.11413子宫平滑肌肿瘤好发于育龄期女性,根据恶性程度可大致分为良性、恶性潜能未定及恶性三种类型。

绝大多数子宫平滑肌肿瘤为良性，但肿瘤的病因及发病机制尚不清楚，激素对肿瘤的发生、发展可能具有重要意义4一7。

1病因、流行病学及发病机制子宫平滑肌肿瘤的病因多样,激素被认为可能在肿瘤的发生、发展中起重要作用⑷。

对其发病机制进行分析发现〔一3-2,子宫平滑肌肿瘤患者病变组织中的雌激素受体(estrogen receptor,ER)、孕激素受体(progestiu receptor,PR)及血管内皮生长因子(vasculue endothelial growth factoe, VEGF)表达水平均明显升高，提示ER,PR及VEGF在肿瘤的发生、发展中可能起一定作用，性激素也可能通过调节生长因子介导局部微环境发生变化，从而诱导子宫平滑肌的形成。

另有研究认为，炎症细胞可能在组织重塑、平滑肌生长中起一定作用。

不同的研究中得出结果有明显差异，因此平滑肌肿瘤的发病机制仍有待于进一步分析。

达格列净在2_型糖尿病合并慢性肾脏病中的应用效果

达格列净在2型糖尿病合并慢性肾脏病中的应用效果戴彧君①　曹芳①　吉惠①　佘艳军① 【摘要】　目的：探讨达格列净在2型糖尿病合并慢性肾脏病中的治疗效果。

方法：选取2021年1月—2022年1月云南省滇南中心医院收治的106例2型糖尿病合并慢性肾脏病患者，使用随机数字表法将其分为观察组（n=53）及对照组（n=53）。

对照组接受氯沙坦治疗，观察组在对照组基础上加用达格列净。

对比两组治疗总有效率、肾功能指标、血糖水平及血管内皮功能指标。

结果：观察组的治疗总有效率（94.34%）高于对照组（81.13%）（P<0.05）。

治疗前，两组的血尿素氮（BUN）、血清肌酐（Scr）、尿白蛋白排泄率（UAER）、肾小球滤过率（GFR）及肌酐清除率（Ccr）水平比较，差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）；治疗后，两组的BUN、Scr及24 h UAER较治疗前均降低，且观察组均低于对照组（P<0.05）；GFR及Ccr较治疗前均升高，且观察组均高于对照组（P<0.05）。

治疗前，两组的空腹血糖（FPG）、餐后2 h血糖（2 h PG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）、血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）、内皮素-1（ET-1）水平相比，差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）；治疗后，两组的上述指标较治疗前均降低，且观察组均低于对照组（P<0.05）。

结论：达格列净联合氯沙坦可显著改善2型糖尿病合并慢性肾脏病患者的肾功能、降低血糖水平，优化血管内皮功能，效果显著。

【关键词】　2型糖尿病合并慢性肾脏病　氯沙坦　达格列净　肾功能 Application Effect of Dapagflozin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Complicated with Chronic KidneyDisease/DAI Yujun, CAO Fang, JI Hui, SHE Yanjun. //Medical Innovation of China, 2023, 20(33): 025-029 [Abstract]　Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effect of Dapagflozin in type 2 diabetes mellituscomplicated with chronic kidney disease. Method: A total of one hundred and six patients with type 2 diabetesmellitus complicated with chronic kidney disease admitted to Southern Central Hospital of Yunnan Province fromJanuary 2021 to January 2022 were selected, and divided into observation group (n=53) and control group (n=53)using the random number table method. The control group was treated with Losartan, and the observation groupwas treated with Dapagflozin on the basis of the control group. The total effective rate of treatment, renal functionindicators , blood glucose level and vascular endothelial function indicators of the two groups were compared.Result: The total effective rate of treatment in the observation group (94.34%) was higher than that in the controlgroup (81.13%) (P<0.05). Before treatment, the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr), urinaryalbumin excretion rate (UAER), glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and creatinine clearance rate (Ccr) were notsignificantly different between the two groups (P>0.05); after treatment, BUN, Scr and 24 h UAER in both groupswere decreased compared with those before treatment, and those in the observation group were lower than those inthe control group (P<0.05), the GFR and Ccr were both increased compared with those before treatment, and thosein the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Before treatment, the levels of fastingplasma glucose (FPG), 2 h postprandial blood glucose (2 h PG), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), angiotensinⅡ(AngⅡ), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) were not significantly differentbetween the two groups (P>0.05); after treatment, all above indicators in both groups were reduced compared withthose before treatment, and those in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion: Dapagflozin combined with losartan can significantly improve renal function, reduce blood glucoselevels and optimize vascular endothelial function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with chronickidney disease, with significant effects.①云南省滇南中心医院（云南省红河州第一人民医院）　云南　蒙自　661100通信作者：佘艳军- 25 - 糖尿病是临床常见的慢性疾病，其中2型糖尿病是其主要类型。

富血小板血浆在膝关节疾病治疗中的应用

富血小板血浆在膝关节疾病治疗中的应用刘永辉赵烨王向阳郭马珑崔宏勋【摘要】富血小板血浆(platelet-rich-plasma，PRP)是利用全血各成分沉降系数不同特性离心而得到的高浓度血小板血浆，由于其富含多种促进组织修复的生长因子，且制作、使用便捷而被广泛运用到骨科领域，尤其是近几年在治疗膝关节疾病疗效方面备受关注。

本文就其治疗膝关节骨性关节炎、半月板、交叉韧带损伤及膝关节滑膜炎方面做一综述，为临床治疗膝关节常见疾病提供参考。

【关键词】富血小板血浆；膝关节骨性关节炎；半月板损伤；交叉韧带损伤；膝关节滑膜炎【Abstract】Platelet-rich-plasma is a high-concentration platelet plasma obtained by centrifugation with different characteristics of sedimentation coefficients of all components of the whole blood.It is widely used in the field of orthopedics because it is rich in a variety of growth factors to promote tissue repair and is easy to make and use，especially in the treatment of knee diseases in recent years.In this paper，the treatment of knee osteoarthritis，meniscus，cruciate ligament injury and knee synovitis are reviewed to provide reference for clinical treatment of common knee diseases.【Key words】Platelet-rich-plasma；Knee osteoarthritis；Meniscus injury；Cruciate ligament injury；Knee synovitis富血小板血浆(platelet-rich-plasma，PRP)是自体外周血离心而得到以血小板和白细胞为主的血浆，研究发现[1]，PRP中含有转化生长因子β(transforming growth factor-β，TGF-β)，成纤维细胞生长因子(fibroblast growth factor，FGF)，血小板衍化生长因子(platelet-derived growth factor，PDGF)，血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor，VEGF)等多种细胞因子和介质，通过PRP注射到受损组织等方式能够促进损伤组织的修复与再生[2]。

泌尿外科常用术语英文缩写（5篇）

泌尿外科常用术语英文缩写（5篇）第一篇：泌尿外科常用术语英文缩写泌尿外科常用术语英文缩写AASH adrenocortical androgen stimulating hormone 促肾上腺皮质雄激素ABP androgen-binding protein 雄激素结合蛋白AC adrenal cortex 肾上腺皮质ACH adrenal cortical hormone 肾上腺皮质激素ACP acid phosphatase 酸性磷酸酶ACPP adrenocorticopolypeptide 肾上腺皮质多肽ACTH adrenocorticotropic hormone 促肾上腺皮质激素ACTH-RF adrenocorticotropic hormone-releasing factor 促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子AD autosomal dominant inheritance 常染色体显性遗传 ADH antidiuretic hormone 抗利尿激素ADI allowable daily intake 每日允许摄入量AER aldosterone excretion rate 醛固酮排泄率 Ag antigen 抗原AGBM antiglomerular basement membrane antibody 抗肾小球基底膜抗体 AGN acute glomerulonephritis 急性肾小球肾炎 AGS adrenogenital syndrome 肾上腺生殖器综合征AHC acute hemorrhagic cystitis 急性出血性膀胱炎 AI androgen index 雄激素指数AI artificial insemination 人工受精 AID autoimmune disease 自身免疫性疾病AID artificial insemination with donor′s semen 供精者精液人工受精 AIDS acquired immuno-deficiency syndrome 爱滋病.获得性免疫缺乏综合征AIH artificial insemination with husband's semen 丈夫精液人工受精 AIS androgen insensitivith syndrome 雄激素不敏感综合征 AKP alkaline phosphatase 碱性磷酸酶ALD adrenoleukodystrophy 肾上腺白质营养不良 ALP alkalinephosphatase 碱性磷酸酶 AMH adrenal medullary hormone 肾上腺素 AMP acid mucopolysaccharide 酸性粘多糖AMPS acid mucopolysaccharides 酸性粘多糖类ANS arteriolonephrosclerosis 肾小动脉硬化Anti-GBM antiglomerular basement membrane 抗肾小球基底膜 AP acid phosphatse 酸性磷酸酶AP acute pyelonephritis 急性肾盂肾炎APC antigen presenting cell 抗原呈递细胞APORF acute postoperative renal failure 急性术后肾功能衰竭AR androgen receptor 雄激素受体ARS androgen resistance syndrome 抗雄激素综合征AVF arteriovenous fistula 动静脉瘘 B BC bladder carcinogen 膀胱致癌物BCC basal cell carcinoma 基底细胞癌BCG Bacillus Calmette-Guerin 卡介苗BCR bulbocavernous reflex 球海绵体肌反射BD Behcet′s disease 白塞氏病(生殖器溃疡,口疮及眼色素层炎)BPH benign prostatic hyperplasia 良性前列腺增生 BTB blood-testis-barrier 血睾屏障 BUA blood uric acid 血尿酸BUN blood urea nitrogen 血液尿素氮C C calculus 结石Ca calcium 钙Ca carcinoma;cancer 癌，癌瘤CaBP calcium bingding protein 钙结合蛋白CAH carbonic anhydrase 碳酸酐酶CAH congenital adrenal hyperplasia 先天性肾上腺增生CAPD continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis 连续非卧床腹膜透析 CaTT calcium tolerance test 钙耐量试验CAV congenital adrenal virillism 先天性肾上腺男性化CCB calcium channel blocker 钙通道阻滞剂CCPD continuous cyclic peritoneal dialysis 持续循环腹膜透析Ccr creatinine clearance rate 肌酐清除率cDNA complementary deoxyribonucleic acid 互补脱氧核糖核酸 CE conjugated estrogen 结合雌激素CEA carcinoembryonic antigen;carcinoma embrynoic antigen 癌胚抗原 CG chorionic gonadotropin 绒毛膜促性腺激素CH charcoal column hemoperfusion 碳柱吸附式人工肾ChS chondroitin sulphate 硫酸软骨素 CI calculus index 结石指数CIDS cellular immunity deficiency syndrome 细胞免疫缺陷综合征 Cin inulin clearance 菊粉清除率 CIS carcinoma in situ 原位癌Cm maximum clearance 最大清除率CMC cell-mediated cytotoxicity 细胞介导的细胞毒(性)反应CMN congenital mesoblastic nephroma 先天性中胚层肾癌Conc cellular oncogen 细胞癌基因CP chronic pyelonephritis 慢性肾盂肾炎CP cyclophosphamide 环磷酰胺CPN chronic pyelonephritis 慢性肾盂肾炎CR calculus removed 取石，结石移除 Cr creatinine 肌酐CRD chronic renal disease 慢性肾脏疾病CRF chronic renal failure 慢性肾功衰（尿毒症）CS chondroitin sulfate 硫酸软骨素CSF colony stimulating factor 克隆刺激因子 CT calcitonin 降钙素CTX cyclophosphamide 环磷酰胺 Cu urea clearance 尿素清除CYS cystoscopy 膀胱镜检 Cy cysteine 半胱氨酸(待续)泌尿外科常用术语英文缩写(之二)D DAB double antibody 双抗体DCT dihydrochlorothiazide 双氢克尿塞DDS dialysis disequilibrium syndrome 透析平衡失调综合征 DE dialyzed encephalopathy 透析性脑病 DH diuretic hormone 利尿激素DIC disseminated intravascular coagulation 弥漫性血管内凝血DIP drip intravenous pyelography 静脉滴注肾盂造影术DIU dripinfusion urography(大剂量静脉)滴注尿路造影术DK diseased kidney 病肾DNA deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸DNase deoxyribonuclease 脱氧核糖核酸酶DSA digital subtraction angiography 数字减影血管造影术DSFI derogatic sexual functioning inventory 性功能减退调查表DST dexamethasone suppression test 地塞米松抑制试验DTZ diatrizoate 泛影葡胺DVIUT direct vision internal urethrotomy 经尿道直视内切开术E E estrogen 雌激素 E1 estrone 雌酮E2 estradiol 雌二醇 E3 estriol 雌三醇EA ethacrynic acid 利尿酸EAA essential amino acid(s)必需氨基酸 EB ethambutol 乙胺丁醇EBG estradiol-binding globulin 雌激素结合球蛋白EBP estradiol binding protein 雌二醇结合蛋白质ECGF endothelial cell growth factor 内皮细胞生长因子EEM emission electron microscope 发射式电子显微镜EG ethylene glycol 乙二醇EGF epidermal growth factor 表皮生长因子EHL electrohydraulic lithotripsy 放电碎石术EHP edema-hypertension-proteinuria syndrome 水肿-高血压-蛋白尿综合征EIA enzyme immunoassay 酶免疫测定EIFA enzyme-linked fluorescent assay 酶联荧光测定Ej ejaculation 射精ELISA enzyme-linked immunospecific assay 酶联免疫吸附测定EM electron microscope 电子显微镜EMMA electron microscopy and microanalysis 电子显微镜检查及微量分析 EPT egg penetration test 卵穿透试验EPT endoscopic papillotomy 内窥镜下乳头切开术ERBF effective renal blood flow 有效肾血流量ERT estrogen replacement therapy 雌激素替代疗法ESWL extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy 体外震波碎石术ET endothelin 内皮素 F FA fatty acid 脂肪酸FAC cyclophosphamide 环磷酰胺 FC flow cytometry 流式细胞计数法 FCM flow cytometry 流式细胞计数法FJN familial juvenile nephrophthisis 家族性少年型肾结核FSH follicle-stimulating hormone 促卵泡激素，促卵泡成熟激素FSH-RF follicle stimulating hormone releasing factor 促卵泡激素释放因子FSH-RH follicle-stimulating hormone-releasing hormone 卵泡刺激素释放激素5-FU 5-fluorouracil 5-氟尿嘧啶 G GBM glomerular basement membrane 肾小球基底膜 GC gonorrhea 淋病GC gas chromatography 气相色谱法 GF glomerular filtration 肾小球过滤GFR glomerular filtration rate 肾小球滤过率GI glomerular index 肾小球指数GLC gas-liquid chromatography 气液色谱(法)Cly glycine 甘氨酸Gnd-RH gonadotrophin releasing hormone 促性腺激素释放激素GRA gonadotropin-releasing agent 促性腺激素释放剂GRH gonadotropin releasing 促性腺激素释放GSH glomerular-stimulating hormone 促肾小球激素GSH gonad-stimulating hormone 促性腺激素 GU gonococcal urethritis 淋球菌性尿道炎 H HA hyaluronic acid 透明质酸HAC hydroxyapatite ceramic 羟基磷灰石HAFP human alpha-feto protein 人体甲胎球蛋白 HCT humancalcitonin 人降钙素HCU homocystinuria 高胱氨酸尿HD hemodialysis 血液透析HDU hemodialysis unit 血液透析装置HEK human embryonic kidney cell culture 人胚肾细胞培养HFAK hollow fiber artificial kidney 空心纤维人工肾HGPRT hypoxanthine-guaninephosphoribosyl transferase 次黄嘌呤鸟嘌呤磷酸核糖基转移酶HLA histocompatibility locusantigen 组织相容性抗原HLA human leucocyte antigen 人白细胞抗原HMT 4-hydroxy-17(α)-methyltestosterone 4-羟基-17-甲基睾丸酮 HMTA methenamine 乌洛脱品HP hypertension and proteinuria 高血压和蛋白尿HPGC high performance gel chromatography 高效凝胶色谱法HPLC high performance liquid chromatography 高效液相色谱(法)HPRT hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 次黄嘌呤磷酸核糖基转移酶HPT hyper-parathyroidism 甲状旁腺机能亢进HRS hepato renal syndrome 肝肾综合征(待续)rvh[=renal vascular hypertension]肾血管性高血压[=artificial insemination-husband]配偶人工授精间质性膀胱炎(IC)AID autoimmune disease 自身免疫性疾病=artificial insemination with donor's semen]供者精液的人工授精[=artificial insemination-donor]人工受精供者[=autoimmune deficiency]自身免疫缺乏 [=autoimmune disease]自身免疫性疾病[=donor insemination,heterologous insemination]供者人工授精,异配(人工)授精•进修苑•泌尿外科常用术语英文缩写(之四)(续第15 卷第10 期第482 页)P P pho spho rus 磷 P pho sphate 磷酸盐PA p lasma aldo sterone 血浆醛固酮PA GE po lyacrylam ide gel elect ropho resis 聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳PA P p ro state acid pho sphatase 前列腺酸性磷酸酶 PA S p ituitary adrenal system 垂体2肾上腺系统PA SA para2am ino salicylic acid 对氨基水杨酸 PBS pho sphate buffered so lut ion 磷酸盐缓冲溶液PCa p ro stat ic cancer 前列腺癌PCD po lycyst ic disease 多囊性疾病PCN percutaneous neph ro scope set 经皮肾镜装置PCN percutaneous neph ro litho tomy 经皮肾镜取石术PCNA p ro liferat ing cell nuclear ant igen 增殖细胞核抗原 PCR Po lymerase Chain React ion 聚合酶链反应 PCT p roximal convo luted tubule近曲小管PD peritoneal dialysis 腹膜透析PE p remature ejaculat ion 早泄 PG p ro staglandin 前列腺素PGA p ro staglandin A 前列腺素A PGB p ro staglandin B 前列腺素B PGE2 p ro staglandin E2 前列腺素E2 PGF p ro staglandin F 前列腺素F PGI p ro stacyclin 前列环素PGU po stgonococcal ureth rit is 淋球菌感染后尿道炎 PH p ro stat ic hypert rophy 前列腺肥大PHP p rimary hyperparathyro idism 原发性甲状旁腺机能亢进PN pyeloneph rit is 肾盂肾炎PN S percutaneous neph ro stomy 经皮穿刺肾造瘘术PP pyropho sphate 焦磷酸盐PRPP pho spho ribo syl pyropho sphate 磷酸核糖焦磷酸盐PRPP2A T pho spho ribo syl pyropho sphate am ino t ransferase 磷酸核糖焦磷酸转氨酶PSA p ro state specific ant igen 前列腺特异抗原 PU pass urine 排尿PZA pyrazinam ide 吡嗪酰胺 R R righ t 右侧的RA renal artery 肾动脉RAA S renin2angio tensin2aldo sterone system 肾素2血管紧张素醛固酮系统RA S renal artery steno sis 肾动脉狭窄RA S renin2angio tensin system 肾素2血管紧张素系统RCC renal cell carcinoma 肾细胞癌Ren T ran renal t ransp lantat ion 肾脏移植 RF radiofrequency 射频RF rheumato id facto r 类风湿因子RF I renal failure index 肾功能衰竭指数 RFP rifamp icin 利福平RH renal hypertension 肾性高血压R IA radio immunoassay 放射免疫测定 RK righ t k idney 右肾RNA ribonucleic acid 核糖核酸ROD renal o steodyst rophy 肾病性骨营养不良 RP ret rograde pyelography 逆行性肾盂造影术 RPF renal p lasma flow 肾血浆流量RPG ret rogtade pyelogram 逆行肾盂造影照片RPLND ret roperitoneal lymph node dissect ion 腹膜后淋巴结清扫术RPN renal pap illary necro sis 肾乳头坏死RS IV P rap id sequence int ravenous pyelogram 快速连续静脉肾盂造影照片RU righy ureter 右输尿管RVH renal vascular hypertension 肾血管性高血压 RV P renal venous p ressure 肾静脉压RVR relat ive vo iding resistance 相对排尿阻力 RV T renal vein th rombo sis 肾静脉血栓形成 S SA sex appeal 性感SA G select ive angiography 选择性血管造影 SA P serum acid pho sphatase 血清酸性磷酸酶SA P serum alkaline pho sphatase 血清碱性磷酸酶SCC squamous cell carcinoma 鳞状细胞癌S2CEA serum carcinoembryonic ant igen 血清癌胚抗原SCJ squamoco lumnar junct ion 鳞状柱状上皮接合处 SCr serum creat inine 血清肌酸酐SCT sex ch romat in test 性染色质试验 SCT sperm cell toxin 精子细胞毒素 SD single do se 单次剂量SD standard deviat ion 标准差 SD sulfadiazine 磺胺嘧啶SDS2PA GE sodium dodecyl sulfate2po lyacrylam ide gel elect ropho resis 十二烷基硫酸钠2聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳SEF sodium excret ing facto r 钠排泄因子 Sem ves sem inal vesicle 精囊 Ser serine 丝氨酸SeXO serum xanth ine oxidase 血清次黄嘌呤氧化酶 SHBG sex ho rmone2binding globulin 性激素结合球蛋白SHH syndrome of hypo reninem ic hypoaldo steronism 低肾素性低醛固酮综合征SMC sperm2mo ther2cell;spermatocyte 精母细胞SOL space2occupying lesion 占位性病变SPP sup rapubic p ro statectomy 耻骨上前列腺切除术SR sexual response 性反应 SR sexually revised 性改变SRF sp lit renal funct ion 分侧肾功能SRFS sp lit renal funct ion study 分侧肾功能检查SRS sex reassignment surgery 性再造手术STS sero logical test fo r syph ilis 梅毒血清学试验 STS standard test fo r syph ilis 梅毒标准试验 SU I st ress urinary incont inence 压力性尿失禁 SUN serum urea nit rogen 血清尿素氮SU S stained urinary sediment 着色尿沉渣 Sxr sex2reversed 性转换, 性反转, 性回复(待续)(叶章群、王少刚整理)•334• Journal of Clinical U ro logy, July 2001,Vo l 16,No 7 •进修苑•泌尿外科常用术语英文缩写(之五)(续第16 卷第7 期第334 页)T T testo sterone 睾酮T vo iding t ime 排尿时间TA t riam terene 氨苯喋啶TA t ransfer agent 转移因子TAA tumo r2associated ant igen 肿瘤相关抗原TA F tumo r2angiogenesis facto r 肿瘤血管生成因子TA SA tumo r2associated specific ant igen 肿瘤相关特异性抗原TB tuberculin 结核菌素TBA testo sterone2binding affinity 睾酮结合亲和力 TBG testo sterone 2binding go lbulin 睾酮结合球蛋白 TBM tubular basement membrane 肾小管的基底膜 TCa term inal cancer 终末期癌晚期癌症TCA thyrocalcitonin 甲状腺降钙素TFS test icular fem inizat ion syndrome 睾丸女性化综合征TGF t ransfo rm ing grow th facto r 转移生长因子 TH helper T cell 辅助(性)T 细胞THAM t rishydroxymethyl am inomethane 三羟甲细胞氨基甲烷THP Tamm2Ho rsfall p ro tein TH 蛋白T IL tumo r2infilt rat ion lymphocyte 浸润肿瘤淋巴细胞T IS tumo r in situ 原位癌TN F tumo r necro sis facto r 肿瘤坏死因子TNM 2classificalt ion tumo r, nodes, metastasis2classifica2 t ion TNM 分类〔恶性肿瘤国际临床病期分类〕〔根据 T(肿瘤),N(结节, 淋巴结)及M(转移情况)〕 TO K tuberculo sis of k idney 肾结核TP testo sterone p rop ionate 丙酸睾丸酮TPA T reponema pallidum agglut inat ion 梅毒螺旋体凝集试验TPC T reponema pallidum comp lement fixat ion test 梅毒螺旋体补体结合试验 TRA tumo r reject ion ant igen 肿瘤排斥抗原TRP tubular reabso rp t ion of pho sphate 肾小管磷酸盐重吸收TSPA P to tal serum p ro stat ic acid pho sphatase 血清前列腺酸性磷酸酶总量TU IP t ransureth ral incision of the p ro statc 经尿道前列腺切开术TU R t ransureth ral resect ion 经尿道切除TU RBT t ransureth ral resect ion of the bladder tumo r 经尿道膀胱肿瘤切除TU RP t ransureth ral resect ion of the p ro state;t ransure2 th ral p ro statectomy 经尿道前列腺切除术 TUV P(TV P)经尿道前列腺电气化术TVU to tal vo lume of urine 24 小时总尿量 U U urine 尿U U ro logy 泌尿外科学 UA uric acid 尿酸 UA urinalysis 尿分析UAN uric acid nit rogen 尿酸氮 U C urea clearance 尿素清除(率)U C ureth ral catheterizat ion 尿道插管术U 2CEA urine carcinoembryonic ant igen 尿癌胚抗原U cr urine creat inine 尿肌酐 U cre urine creat ine 尿肌酸 U G urogenital 泌尿生殖的 U K urok inase 尿激酶UN urea nit rogen 尿素氮UN urate neph ropathy 尿酸性肾病 U P ureteropelvic 输尿管肾盂的U PJ ureteropelvic junct ion 输尿管肾盂的接合处 U ran urine analysis 尿液分析 U rogen urogenital 泌尿生殖道的 U ro l uro logy 泌尿外科学 U S ult rasound 超声(波)U T urinary t ract 泌尿道UUA urine uric acid 尿中尿酸UUN urine urea nit rogen 尿(中)尿素氮UVJ ureterovesical junct ion 输尿管膀胱连接点 V VD venereal disease 性病VDG venereal disease, gono rrhea 性病, 淋病VDS venereal disease2syph ilis 性病2梅毒 V it vitam in 维生素 Vo l vo lume 体积VU R vesicoureteral reflux 膀胱输尿管返流V öV vo lume in vo lume 体积比率 W WA K w earable art ificial k idney 可佩带式人工肾 WHO Wo rld Health O rganizat ion 世界卫生组织W öV w eigh t in vo lume 重量ö体积百分比 X X afemale ch romo some 女性染色体XC excreto ry cystogram 排泄性膀胱造影照片XD X2linked dom inant inheritance X 连锁显性遗传XU excreto ry urogram 排泄性尿路造影照片XX sex2linked ch romo some p resent in females 女性伴性染色体XY sex2linked ch romo some p resent in males 男性伴性染色体 Y YC Y2ch romo some Y 染色体 Y2linked Y 染色体连锁的 Z Zn zinc 锌第二篇：常用糖尿病术语英文缩写常用糖尿病术语英文缩写IDF:国际糖尿病联盟ADA:美国糖尿病学会LADA:**晚发型１型糖尿病 T2DM:２型糖尿病GDM:妊娠糖尿病GLU:血糖FPG:空腹血糖2hPBG:餐后２小时血糖 IGT:糖耐量损害IFG:空腹血糖受损IGR:糖调节受损OGTT:口服葡萄糖耐量试验 TP:总蛋白HbAlc:糖化血红蛋白HDL:高密度脂蛋白LDL:低密度脂蛋白IDL:中间密度脂蛋白VLDL:极低密度脂蛋白 CM:乳糜微粒BMI:体重指数Cr:肌酐Ccr:血肌酐BUN:血尿素氮ALB:尿白蛋白IAA:抗胰岛素抗体ICA:抗胰岛细胞抗体GAD-Ab:抗谷氨酸脱羧酶抗体 CHO:糖类食物TG:甘油三酯CHO:胆固醇TC:总胆固醇UA:血尿酸ALT、GPT:谷丙转氨酶 TBIL:总胆红素ALP、AKP:碱性磷酸酶 INS:胰岛素CP:Ｃ肽第三篇：汽车行业常用英文术语缩写汽车行业常用英文术语缩写词与中文解释1PP-First Phase of Production Prove-Out 第一次试生产4SSale, Spare part零配件, Service, Survey信息反馈ABSAnti-lock Braking SystemAIAG美国汽车联合会Benchmark Data 样件资料CB-Confirmation Build 确认样车制造CC-Change Cutoff 设计变更冻结Characteristics Matrix特性矩阵图CODCash on Delivery 货到付现预付货款(T/T in advance) CPOComplementary Parts OrderCUV Car-Based Utility VehicleERPEnterprise Resource PlanningIPO Individual Parts OrderISIR Initial Sample Inspection ReportJIT Just In TimeKO Kick-offLP－Lean Production 精益生产LS Launch SupportMPV Multi-Purpose Vehicle 多用途汽车MTP-Make to print supplier 照图加工供应商N/A-Not ApplicableNDA Non Disclosure Agreement保密协定onetime adj.过去的，从前的PA Program ApprovalPassenger Vehicle乘用车PPSR Production Preparation Status ReportPQA Process Quality AssurancePRProgram ReadinessPre-Launch 试生产price-driven costing 价格引导成本Production Trial Run 试生产Prototype样件QR-Quality Reject 质量拒收QSQuality StandardPPAP-Production Part Approval Process 生产件批准程序RFQRequest For Quotation询价SOPStart Of ProductionOTSOff Tooling Samples译为“工程样件”即全工装状态下非节拍生产条件下制造出来的样件.用于验证产品的设计能力。

转录因子Fox家族与心肌梗死关系的研究进展

㊃综述㊃转录因子Fox家族与心肌梗死关系的研究进展吴逸卓㊀冯炜琦㊀于昱200092上海交通大学医学院附属新华医院心血管发育与再生医学研究所通信作者:于昱,电子信箱:yuyu@DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-5410.2023.05.017㊀㊀ʌ摘要ɔ㊀转录因子Fox家族在心肌梗死中发挥重要作用㊂FoxP1既调控巨噬细胞,加重炎症反应;也促进内皮细胞增殖,增加血管新生㊂FoxO3发挥抗氧化应激和调控自噬作用,同时促进心脏微血管内皮细胞凋亡或抑制心肌细胞凋亡㊂FoxO4和FoxO6促进心肌细胞凋亡和氧化应激㊂本文对Fox家族在心肌梗死中的作用及其分子机制作一综述,以期对心肌梗死的诊疗提供新方向㊂ʌ关键词ɔ㊀心肌梗死;㊀转录因子;㊀叉头框P1;㊀叉头框O家族基金项目:国家自然科学基金(81974021㊁82170304);上海市自然科学基金面上项目(20ZR1435500)Research progress of transcription factor Fox family and myocardial infarction㊀Wu Yizhuo,FengWeiqi,Yu YuInstitute for Developmental and Regenerative,Cardiovascular Medicine,Xinhua Hospital Affiliated toShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine,Shanghai200092,ChinaCorresponding author:Yu Yu,Email:yuyu@ʌAbstractɔ㊀Transcription factor Fox family plays an important role in myocardial infarction.FoxP1can regulate macrophages to exacerbate inflammatory response while it also promotes endothelial cell proliferation and increases angiogenesis.FoxO3enhances antioxidant stress and modulates autophagy, meanwhile it can promote cardiac microvascular endothelial cell apoptosis or inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis.FoxO4and FoxO6promote cardiomyocyte apoptosis and oxidative stress.In this article,a review is presentedof the function and mechanisms of Fox family in myocardial infarction,hoping to provide a new perception forthe diagnosis and treatment of myocardial infarction.ʌKey wordsɔ㊀Myocardial infarction;㊀Transcription factors;㊀Forkhead box P1;㊀Forkhead boxO familyFund program:National Natural Science Foundation of China(81974021,82170304);ShanghaiNatural Science Foundation(20ZR1435500)㊀㊀心血管疾病是我国居民健康最主要的威胁,是居民的首要死因,与其他疾病相比,住院时间长,治疗费用高㊂目前心血管疾病的现患病人数大约3.30亿,其中冠心病约为1139.6万人,心肌梗死是冠心病最严重的表现形式㊂近20年来,急性心肌梗死的死亡率呈现上升趋势,2020年城市死亡率为60.29/10万,农村死亡率达到78.65/10万㊂尽管再灌注治疗手段已十分成熟,但治疗延迟较为明显,再灌注率低,出院后药物依从性逐年降低,使心肌梗死的不良预后增加㊂高血压㊁血脂异常㊁糖尿病和睡眠障碍等是常见的心肌梗死危险因素,对其施加控制可以有效减少发病风险[1]㊂心肌梗死被定义为在有急性心肌缺血证据的情况下,通过异常心脏生物标志物检测到的急性心肌损伤,例如心肌肌钙蛋白值升高,且至少有一个值高于第99百分位数参考上限㊂根据2018第四版心肌梗死通用定义,可以将心肌梗死大致分为5型:1型由动脉粥样硬化血栓性冠状动脉疾病的斑块破裂(破裂或侵蚀)引起;2型由供血不足或需氧量增加引起;3型有明显的临床症状及辅助检查证据,但在明确诊断前发生的心原性猝死;4型是冠状动脉血运重建术相关的手术性心肌梗死;5型是冠状动脉旁路移植术相关的手术性心肌梗死㊂除此之外,还有隐匿性心肌梗死[2]㊂1㊀分子病理机制有许多病理学证据表明,发生心肌梗死后细胞内信号通路参与了心肌细胞㊁内皮细胞㊁成纤维细胞㊁单核细胞㊁干细胞等多种细胞的存活㊁增殖㊁凋亡和自噬[3]㊂目前已经开展了许多关于心肌梗死的研究,涵盖了多条信号通路,涉及炎症反应㊁氧化应激㊁细胞凋亡㊁心肌纤维化和血管生成等多种病理机制㊂氧化应激相关的分子机制中,醛缩酶A通过血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)/Notch1/ Jagged1轴保护心肌细胞,减弱缺氧/再灌注(hypoxia/reperfusion,H/R)诱导的氧化应激和凋亡[4]㊂肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)抑制剂激活Notch1信号通路,在一定程度上通过此信号通路介导抑制氧化应激反应,减轻心肌缺血再灌注损伤[5]㊂Sonic hedgehog诱导一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)释放,激活NO通路相关酶的表达和磷酸化,减少活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)的释放[6]㊂心肌纤维化相关的分子机制中,Notch3通过抑制Ras同源基因家族蛋白A(Ras homolog gene family member A, RhoA)/Rho相关卷曲螺旋蛋白激酶(Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase,ROCK)/缺氧诱导因子1α(hypoxia-inducible factor-1α,HIF-1α)轴,参与心脏成纤维细胞凋亡,减轻心肌梗死诱导的心肌纤维化[7]㊂跨膜蛋白16A (transmembrane protein16A,TMEM16A,也称为Anoctamin-1, ANO1)在心肌梗死后下调转化生长因子β(transforming growth factorβ,TGF-β)/Smad3通路抑制心脏成纤维细胞增殖[8],而另一项研究表明ANO1激活丝裂原活化细胞外信号调节激酶(mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase,MEK)/细胞外调节蛋白激酶1/2(extracellular regulated protein kinase-1/2,ERK-1/2)通路促进心脏成纤维细胞增殖[9]㊂血管生成相关的分子机制中,Wnt11激活非经典Wnt/蛋白激酶C(protein kinase C,PKC)/Jun氨基端激酶(Jun N-terminal kinase,JNK)通路,促进内皮细胞介导的血管生成,改善心肌梗死后的心功能[10]㊂FrzA/可溶性frizzled相关蛋白1(soluble frizzled related protein-1,sFRP-1)基因过表达抑制Wnt/Frizzled通路,促进心肌梗死区域的新生毛细血管密度增加[11]㊂炎症反应相关的分子机制中,β连环蛋白(β-catenin)信号在心肌梗死后激活,使巨噬细胞向促炎性转化,诱导促炎细胞因子表达增加[12]㊂Yes相关蛋白(Yes-associated protein,YAP)/含有PDZ结合位点的转录共激活因子(transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif,TAZ)通路是巨噬细胞介导的促炎或修复反应的重要调节因子,对YAP/TAZ双敲除后可减弱早期炎症反应,促进巨噬细胞从促炎性向修复性转化,改善心肌梗死后的心功能[13]㊂这些心肌梗死经典且重要的作用机制中,转录因子起到关键影响㊂而转录因子Fox基因家族是否可通过这些信号通路在炎症反应㊁氧化应激㊁细胞凋亡㊁心肌纤维化和血管生成等病理过程中发挥重要作用,从而最终导致心肌梗死,值得进一步全面综述㊂2㊀转录因子Fox家族概述转录因子是一个指导基因组表达的复杂系统,可以识别㊁结合特定的DNA序列,影响染色质的状态及控制转录㊂其具有协同性,多个转录因子可以相互作用直接结合于同一DNA序列,即一个转录因子的结合改变了DNA的构象,促进第二个转录因子的结合;或通过其他机制影响染色质的状态及转录;也可以形成二聚体㊁三聚体等其他高级结构来发挥作用㊂多数真核生物的转录因子可通过招募辅因子发挥作用,在功能上可以简单分为激活物和阻遏物㊂但有一些研究表明,转录因子也可招募与其作用相反的因子㊂转录因子是执行DNA解码序列的第一步,主要起主调节因子和选择基因的作用,可以调控细胞分化㊁发育模式和控制特定途径㊂同时,其具有细胞和组织特异性基因表达,对应特定功能,转录因子及其结合位点的突变是许多疾病发生的基础[14]㊂Forkhead基因首次于黑腹果蝇的随机突变中发现,其特征性结构为长约100个残基的有翼螺旋DNA结合结构域,称为叉头框㊂随后在多种生物中均发现了相关基因的表达,因此这类基因又称为叉头框(forkhead box,Fox)基因家族㊂Fox基因家族在不同生物体内数目差异巨大:果蝇拥有11个家族成员,秀丽隐杆线虫有15个,人类和小鼠有44个,非洲爪蟾有45个㊂在哺乳动物中,可以将Fox蛋白家族分为A至S亚类㊂尽管所有的Fox基因都具有这种独特的DNA结合结构域,但功能和特征各不相同,它们在人类的幼年期和成年期广泛表达,参与调控生长发育及成年期疾病,而Fox基因的突变或异常调节可以导致多种疾病的发生[15]㊂3㊀Fox家族与心肌梗死3.1㊀FoxP1与心肌梗死转录因子FoxP家族(FoxP1㊁FoxP2㊁FoxP3和FoxP4)是一个功能多样的亚家族,涉及心肌细胞增殖㊁神经元分化㊁语言习得㊁调节性T细胞发育㊁胃肠道发育等㊂家族成员拥有多个特征性结构域,包括锌指㊁亮氨酸拉链和有翼螺旋DNA 结合结构域等[15]㊂FoxP1位于染色体3p14.1区域(OMIM: 605515),在人体各个组织中均有表达,特别是在脑㊁肺㊁心脏㊁肠道㊁免疫等系统中高度表达[16]㊂在心肌梗死后重构过程中,炎性细胞群发挥重要作用,其中巨噬细胞具有双重作用:促进血管生成;加剧组织损伤㊁心肌细胞凋亡和心室扩张㊂小鼠心肌梗死模型的基因集富集分析显示,转录因子高速泳动族蛋白B1(highly mobility group box1,HMGB1)和靶基因FoxP1是调控巨噬细胞的关键基因㊂在体外细胞实验中,使用低氧处理的巨噬细胞发现HMGB1表达升高,FoxP1表达下调㊂多种实验相互印证HMGB1可作为转录因子结合Foxp1的上游启动子区域,调控蛋白表达,加重低氧诱导的巨噬细胞炎症反应[17] FoxP1也是心脏发育和新生血管形成的重要调节因子,血管生成主要包括两个生物学过程:内皮细胞增殖迁移及成管㊂大鼠心肌梗死模型中,FoxP1在毛细血管内皮细胞中表达明显增强,并且在新血管形成部位上调,表明心肌梗死后内皮细胞增殖受到FoxP1调节;而敲除了FoxP1的心肌梗死大鼠出现心功能恶化,心脏纤维化增加㊂在体外划痕实验和血管形成实验中,FoxP1具有促进内皮细胞迁移和新血管形成的积极作用[18]㊂FoxP1在缺血/再灌注(ischemia/reperfusion,I/R)诱导的心肌细胞和H/R诱导的H9c2细胞中上调㊂在体外实验中,H9c2细胞敲降FoxP1后,部分通过抑制磷酸肌醇-3-激酶相互作用蛋白1(phosphoinositide-3-kinase interacting protein 1,PIK3IP1)的直接表达和增加NO的产生,激活磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(phosphoinositide3-kinase,PI3K)/蛋白激酶B (protein kinase B,PKB,又称为Akt)/内皮型一氧化氮合酶(endothelial nitric oxide synthase,eNOS)信号通路,减轻细胞凋亡㊁氧化应激;同时也可以通过ROS/线粒体通透性转换孔(mitochondrial permeability transition pore,mPTP)途径减少ROS积累,改善线粒体动力学紊乱[19]㊂FoxP1在心肌梗死中具有双重作用:可以调控巨噬细胞,加重炎症反应;也可以促进内皮细胞增殖,增加血管新生㊂H9c2细胞敲降FoxP1具有一定的保护作用,可以减轻细胞凋亡㊁氧化应激和改善线粒体功能㊂3.2㊀FoxO与心肌梗死转录因子FoxO家族是胰岛素和胰岛素样生长因子受体下游途径的重要分子㊂哺乳动物有4个FoxO亚家族成员: FoxO1㊁FoxO3㊁FoxO4和FoxO6,它们在结构㊁功能和调控上具有高度的相似性㊂在结构上,FoxO蛋白均具有核输出序列和核定位序列㊂FoxO蛋白参与多种细胞和生理过程的调控,包括细胞增殖㊁凋亡,ROS反应,寿命调控,癌症发生,细胞周期和代谢[20]㊂FoxO3位于染色体6q21区域(OMIM: 602681),在人体组织中广泛分布,主要在肠道㊁肾脏等器官中高表达;FoxO4位于染色体Xq13.1区域(OMIM:300033),在人体内主要在骨骼表达;FoxO6位于染色体1p34.2 (OMMI:611457)区域,在人体组织中分布较少,主要集中在中枢神经系统,且表达量较低[21]㊂3.3㊀FoxO3与心肌梗死研究证实,心肌细胞中的氧化应激促进FoxO1和FoxO3的核定位,随后促进了具有心脏保护功能的FoxOs靶基因的激活㊂在I/R损伤时,FoxO1和FoxO3的联合缺乏会导致心肌细胞死亡增加,心脏功能降低以及心肌梗死后瘢痕形成增加,FoxOs通过诱导抗氧化剂(过氧化氢酶和锰超氧化物歧化酶-2),减少ROS的产生,增加自噬相关基因(LC3Ⅱ)和抗凋亡(同源性磷酸酶张力蛋白诱导激酶1)的表达来促进心肌细胞抗氧化应激的能力[22]㊂心肌I/R损伤的关键是冠状动脉内皮微血管功能障碍,其中心脏微血管内皮细胞(cardiac microvascular endothelial cells,CMEC)起着重要作用[23]㊂缺氧会导致CMECs功能障碍甚至凋亡,损害心脏功能[24]㊂研究发现,缺氧促进了FoxO3a(即FoxO3)的核定位和转录活性,其潜在机制可能是Akt活性降低㊂CMECs中FoxO3a的激活诱导细胞自噬发生,在缺氧的条件下进一步促进了CMECs的凋亡[25]㊂环状RNA(circular RNA,circRNA)是一类重要的病理调节剂,参与多种疾病的发病机制,其中包括心肌梗死相关的心肌损伤㊂Circ-FoxO3是一种来源于FoxO3的circRNA,据报道,它可以阻止MDM2诱导FoxO3泛素化和降解,导致FoxO3蛋白水平升高[26]㊂circFoxO3在心肌梗死中通过抑制赖氨酸乙酰基转移酶7(lysine acetyltransferase7,KAT7),进而抑制HMGB1的表达来抑制心肌细胞自噬,减轻心肌I/R 损伤[27]㊂长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,LncRNA)是指其转录物长度超过200个核苷酸但几乎没有蛋白质编码能力的一类RNA[28],可以促进或阻止翻译,或者抑制微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)对靶基因表达的负调控㊂FoxO3a 与LncRNA LINC00261启动子结合并增强其表达,调控miR-23b-3p/核转录因子-E2相关因子2(nuclear factor E2-related factor2,Nrf2)轴,促进Nrf2表达的增加,发挥抗氧化应激作用以减少H/R诱导的心肌细胞凋亡[29]㊂FoxO3在心肌梗死中作用较为复杂,可以增强心肌细胞抗氧化应激能力,抑制心肌细胞自噬,减轻心肌细胞凋亡,但同时也具有负面影响,可以促进CMECs凋亡㊂3.4㊀FoxO4与心肌梗死在I/R损伤大鼠心肌中,发现FoxO4上调,ROS的产生显著增加,增加心肌细胞凋亡,加重心肌梗死,从而导致心功能障碍[30]㊂Hippo信号通路是成年小鼠心肌细胞增殖的主要内源性抑制因子,阻断心肌细胞进入细胞周期,敲除后可以使心肌细胞重新获得增殖和再生能力[31]㊂FoxO4与泛素特异性肽酶10(ubiquitin specific peptidase10,USP10)结合,负调节其转录,通过阻断Hippo/YAP途径,从而加重H/R诱导的心肌细胞的凋亡和氧化应激[32]㊂在内皮细胞中,FoxO4激活精氨酸酶1(arginase1, Arg1)的转录,导致NO下调以及使中性粒细胞向梗死区域浸润增加,促进了心肌梗死的早期炎症发生㊂Arg1是FoxO4的下游直接转录靶标,在内皮细胞㊁免疫细胞和成纤维细胞等细胞中广泛表达,可能介导FoxO4在心肌梗死后重塑中的病理功能㊂研究证实,内皮特异性敲除FoxO4的小鼠仅能上调NO的表达和下调单核细胞的粘附,不能改变瘢痕面积的大小,表明尽管在内皮细胞中敲除FoxO4可以减弱早期炎症反应,但对于心肌梗死面积的影响不是通过内皮细胞调控的㊂而非特异性全身敲除FoxO4的小鼠可以观察到梗死面积的减少,提示FoxO4可能是通过成纤维细胞/肌成纤维细胞对其起作用[33]㊂FoxO4在心肌梗死中具有负向调节作用,使心肌细胞凋亡增加,加重心肌细胞的氧化应激,促进早期炎症反应和调控成纤维细胞功能㊂3.5㊀FoxO6与心肌梗死FoxO6是近年来新发现的氧化应激调节因子,研究表明,在体外实验中缺氧的心肌细胞FoxO6表达量显著升高, ROS生成增多,增强了心肌细胞对缺氧诱导损伤的敏感性㊂沉默信息调节因子2配对型同源酶6(silent mating type information regulation2homolog6,Sirtuin6,SIRT6)/Nrf2轴是一种细胞防御氧化损伤的关键分子机制,敲除FoxO6后, SIRT6上调,激活Nrf2介导的抗氧化信号通路,保护心肌细胞免受缺氧诱导的凋亡及氧化应激[34]㊂HMGB1:高速泳动族蛋白1;ROS:活性氧;mPTP:线粒体通透性转换孔;PIK3IP1:磷酸肌醇-3-激酶相互作用蛋白1;NO:一氧化氮;PIK3:磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶;Akt:蛋白激酶B;eNOS:内皮型一氧化氮合酶;CMEC:心脏微血管内皮细胞;KAT7:赖氨酸乙酰基转移酶7;NRF2:核转录因子-E2相关因子2;USP10:泛素特异性肽酶10;YAP:Yes相关蛋白;Arg1:精氨酸酶1;SIRT6:沉默信息调节因子2配对型同源酶6图1㊀心肌梗死中Fox家族的作用及其机制示意图4㊀小结与展望转录因子Fox家族成员通过多种途径干预心肌梗死的发生发展(图1),涉及FoxP1㊁FoxO3㊁FoxO4和FoxO6㊂FoxP1在心肌梗死中具有双重作用:可以调控巨噬细胞,加重炎症反应;也可以促进内皮细胞增殖,增加血管新生㊂FoxO3在心肌梗死中的作用较为复杂,除了抗氧化应激和抑制细胞自噬外,对于不同的细胞分别具有促进和抑制细胞凋亡的作用㊂FoxO4被激活后可以促进凋亡㊁炎症和氧化应激的发生,调控成纤维细胞功能㊂FoxO6在心肌梗死中发挥促进凋亡和氧化应激作用㊂在本文中,已知的Fox家族成员与心肌梗死的研究主要关于氧化应激通路,且参与其中的信号通路与已发现的心肌梗死致病经典信号通路并不相同;另外,对于血管新生㊁炎症反应㊁心肌纤维化等机制的研究也较少,二者之间的关系还未完全阐明,这些均值得未来深入探索㊂其它Fox家族成员与其它心血管疾病之间关系的研究已多有报道㊂例如,FoxC1和FoxC2在心脏流出道和心室发育中有协同作用,突变会导致胚胎出现永存动脉干㊁室间隔缺损和心室肌变薄[35-36]㊂FoxF1a和FoxF2与房室间隔发育相关,复合单倍剂量不足会引起原发性房间隔缺损[37]㊂肺动脉平滑肌细胞中的FoxM1可以调控缺氧性肺动脉高压[38]㊂FoxO1是一种重要的代谢调节因子,促进糖尿病心肌病的发生发展[39-40]㊂这些Fox家族成员在心血管疾病中有着重要作用,但关于其在心肌梗死中的作用尚未见报道,仍有很多空白等待填补㊂因此,仍需要进行更深入全面的研究,这些方面或可成为未来的研究方向及重点,可以为心肌梗死的诊疗提供新的靶点㊂利益冲突:无参㊀考㊀文㊀献[1]‘中国心血管健康与疾病报告2022“编写组.‘中国心血管健康与疾病报告2022“要点解读[J].中国心血管杂志,2023,28(4):297-312.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-5410.2023.04.001.㊀The 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马铃薯外敷治疗静脉穿刺外渗疗效和时间的观察与分析

表达可能与淋巴结转移造成的对机体正常组织的破坏有关,因此,研究胃癌患者血清I L -10浓度变化及其作用对临床治疗有指导意义。

I L -12又名NK 细胞刺激因子和CT L 成熟因子,主要由抗原提呈细胞产生。

I L -12介导细胞免疫应答,诱导T 细胞和NK 产生IF N -γ,增加髓外造血。

近年来研究提示I L -12的重要性不仅在于免疫应答的起始阶段,而可能是对维持免疫反应有作用。

Nezu 等[3]通过25例胃癌及39例志愿者发现I L -12的水平在胃癌患者进展期明显减低,当有远处转移或恶病质时达到最低。

Nakaya m a 等[4]检测了胃癌患者术前血清I L -12水平,结果发现低I L -12血清水平趋向于淋巴结阳性、肿瘤侵犯浆膜层等胃癌患者,与我们的研究结果一致,即I L -12血清水平也与胃癌T N M 分期及淋巴结转移率相关。

机体内环境失调,导致免疫功能紊乱,诱导胃癌的发生和进展。

I L -10和I L -12是调节免疫功能最主要的细胞因子,调节肿瘤生长和调节神经内分泌系统,与肿瘤的临床生物学行为密切相关,同时加强免疫反应及促肿瘤生长、转移。

二者以自分泌和旁分泌方式促进肿瘤生长,抑制肿瘤细胞程序性死亡,调节肿瘤微环境,使肿瘤细胞逃逸机体的免疫监视,对肿瘤细胞具有潜在保护作用。

因此表现为I L -10和I L -12与反应肿瘤进展的低蛋白血症有关,但为何与CE A 无关,值得进一步研究。

本实验中,胃癌患者存在血清免疫促进因子I L -12浓度降低和免疫抑制因子I L -10浓度升高,病期越晚这种改变越明显,机体免疫功能受抑制越严重。

因此,I L -12水平减低的患者术后给予免疫治疗,如直接给予I L -12蛋白,直接将含I L -12基因的质粒注入体内[5],作为免疫佐剂增强细胞提呈肿瘤细胞特异性抗原的能力[6]。

可提高患者的免疫力,达到杀灭残留癌细胞,降低复发率,提高生存率和治愈率。

基底膜蛋白多糖的功能多样:血管发生与软骨形成及软骨骨化

基底膜蛋白多糖的功能多样：血管发生与软骨形成及软骨骨化徐柯;陈吉华;唐立辉;吴丹【期刊名称】《中国组织工程研究》【年(卷),期】2011(015)037【摘要】背景:基底膜蛋白多糖功能多样,在调节血管生物学行为和损伤修复中具有重要作用.目的:探讨基底膜蛋白多糖在组织发育、血管发生、软骨形成中的调节机制.方法:应用计算机检索Sciencedirect和中国生物医学文献数据库(2000-01/2010-12),检索词分别为"perlecan,angiogenesis,cartilage,heparan sulfate,vascular endothelial growth facto"和"基底膜蛋白多糖,血管,软骨,硫酸乙酰肝素,血管内皮生长因子".纳入与基底膜蛋白多糖的表达、功能密切相关,同一领域选择近期发表或在权威杂志发表的文章.排除重复性研究或Meta分析类文章.结果与结论:检索到129篇文献,按纳入及排除标准筛选后,共纳入35篇符合标准的文献.经分析得出以下结论:基底膜蛋白多糖在机体发育过程必不可少,其具体作用机制受细胞微环境的影响.基底膜蛋白多糖功能强大,在与生长因子、成形素、基质蛋白交互作用下,可用相同的机制来调节每一个程序.%BACKGROUND: Perlecan functions in a diverse range which ranges from the regulation of cell growth and adhesion toextracellular matrix assembly. We previously identified a central function for perlecan during angiogenic blood vessel developmentand injury restoration.OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism of perlecan in tissue development and organogenesis.METHODS: A computer-based retrieval was performed to search manuscripts published between January 2000 and December2010 in Sciencedirect andCMCC/CMCI with key words of “perlecan, angiogenesi s, cartilage, heparan sulfate, v ascular endothelialgrowth factor.” The manuscripts with the contents of perlecan expression and function published recently or in authoritative journalswere included. Manuscripts with repetitive contents or Meta analysis were excluded.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 129 manuscripts were included, and according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 35manuscripts were included in the final analysis. Perlecan plays a crucial role in tissue development. The underlying mechanism ispossibly due to the interactions of the pericellular environment. Perlecan functions in a diverse range. Perlecan employs the samebasic mechanism, based on interactions with growth factors, morphogens and matrix proteins.【总页数】5页(P7000-7004)【作者】徐柯;陈吉华;唐立辉;吴丹【作者单位】解放军第四军医大学口腔医院,修复科,陕西省西安市,710032;解放军第四军医大学口腔医院,修复科,陕西省西安市,710032;解放军第四军医大学口腔医院,材料教研室,陕西省西安市,710032;解放军第四军医大学口腔医院,修复科,陕西省西安市,710032【正文语种】中文【中图分类】R318【相关文献】1.骨化三醇对大鼠骨性关节炎关节软骨及软骨下骨的影响 [J], 杨勇;吴世栋;张小钰;金群华2.跨膜蛋白208可影响人软骨细胞的自噬和线粒体功能 [J], 李翔;孟志超;焦阳;于兵孝;塔拉提百克•买买提居马;曹永平3.跨膜蛋白208可影响人软骨细胞的自噬和线粒体功能 [J], 李翔; 孟志超; 焦阳; 于兵孝; 塔拉提百克·买买提居马; 曹永平4.调控软骨生成和软骨内骨化的转录因子及其相关机制研究进展 [J], 吕学敏;杨庆铭;邓廉夫5.肋软骨细胞和牙髓干细胞及FGF9的共培养对组织工程软骨形成和骨化的影响(英) [J], 马姝因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。

血管内皮细胞衰老的研究进展

血管内皮细胞衰老的研究进展周智辉综述，戴亚蕾审校(同济大学免疫学教研室，上海200092)【摘要】血管内皮细胞始终暴露于血液环境中，易受血流中异常成分的影响，诱发氧化应激反应，导致细胞衰老和凋亡，继发引起血管衰老，导致高血压及动脉粥样硬化等血管性疾病的发生。

近期越来越多的研究发现血管内皮细胞衰老受多方面因素影响，本文将从常见的促进和抑制血管内皮细胞衰老两方面因素进行综合归纳。

【关键词】血管内皮细胞; 衰老; 抗衰老【中图分类号】Ｒ339．3 + 8 【文献标志码】A【文章编号】1008-0392(2014)02-0123-05Ｒese a r c h p r og r ess o n se n esce n ce of v a sc u l a r e nd o t h eli a l cellsZHO U Z h i-hu i，DA I Ya-l e i(D e p t．o f I m m un o l o g y，T o n g ji U n i v e rs it y，Sh a n g h a i200092，C h i n a)【A b s t r a c t】V a s c u l a r e nd o t h e li a l ce ll s a r e co n s t a n tl y ex p o s e d t o b l oo d fl o w w h e r e t h e i r ac ti v iti e s a r e ea s il y i n fl u e n ce d b y t h e a bn o r m a l co m p o n e n t s i n t h e b l oo d s t r ea m．L o n g -t e r m ex p o s u r e t o ox i d a ti ve s t r e ss w ill m a k e va s c u l a r e nd o t h e li a l ce ll s und e r go i n g acce l e r a t e d ag i n g a nd a p o p t o s i s．A m a ss i ve e nd o t h e li a l ce ll s s e n e s ce n ce co u l d e nh a n ce t h e c h a n ce o f d eve l o p i n g ca r d i ova s c u l a r d i s ea s e s s u c h a sh y p e r t e n s i o n a nd a t h e r o s c l e r o s i s．Ｒece n t s t ud i e s f o und t h a t t h e s e n e s ce n ce o f e nd o t h e li a l ce ll s m ay b ei n fl u e n ce d b y va r i o u s f ac t o r s．I n t h i s r ev i e w，t h e m a j o r p r o m o ti n g a nd i nh i b iti n g f ac t o r s r e l a t e d t o s e n e s ce n ce o f e nd o t h e li a l ce ll s a r e s u m m a r i z e d．【K ey wo r d s】va s c u l a r e nd o t h e li a l ce ll; ag i n g; a n ti-ag i n g细胞衰老可分为应激性衰老和复制性衰老［1］，应激性衰老通常是指促衰老因素刺激细胞，进而引起增殖分化异常而发生的细胞衰老; 复制性衰老是指细胞在多次增殖分裂之后端粒缩短或活性下降，导致细胞衰老的发生。

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