robot_holocaust
Unit 2 Science fiction
Science fiction film
Science fiction film is a film genre that uses science fiction: speculative（推测的）, fictional sciencebased depictions（描述） of phenomena that are not fully accepted by mainstream（主流） science, such as extraterrestrial life forms（外星生命）, alien （外星人） worlds, extrasensory perception（超感 官知觉） and time travel, along with futuristic elements such as spacecraft（宇宙飞船）, robots, cyborgs（半机械人）, interstellar space（宇宙空间） travel or other technologies.
Time travel（穿越）
Time travel stories have antecedents（祖先） in the 18th and 19th centuries. The first major time travel novel was Mark Twain„s A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court. The most famous is H. G. Wells„ 1895 novel The Time Machine（时光机器）, which uses a vehicle（交通工具） that allows an operator to travel purposefully and selectively.
6R型喷涂机器人运动学分析及仿真
（ 广西 大学 机械 工程 学院 ， 宁 ５ ０ ０ ） 南 ３ ０ ４
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Ｋｅ ｙ ｗｏｒ ｓ： ｄ Ｓｐｒ ｉ ｇ ｒ ｏｔ Ｋｉ ｍ ａ ｉ ｓｍ ｏ ｌ Ｗ ｏ ｋ ｐａ ｅ； ｂｏ ｉ ｓｔ ｏｌ ｏ Ｓ ｍ ｕｌ ｔｏｎ ａｙ ｎ ｏｂ ； ｎｅ ｔｃ ｄｅ ； ｒ ｓ ｃ Ｒｏ ｔｃ ｏ ｂ ｘ； ｉ ａｉ
算， 了 简化 计算的表达式， 便于控制系统进行实时控制 ， 也为后续的动力学分析、 工作ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้间优化、 轨迹控制
人工智能技术在航天领域的应用书籍英文版
人工智能技术在航天领域的应用书籍英文版全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1The Awesome Power of AI in Space ExplorationHave you ever dreamed of traveling to space and exploring other planets? Well, thanks to artificial intelligence (AI), that dream is becoming easier than ever before! AI is a type of super-smart computer technology that can think and learn just like humans. It's helping scientists and engineers in some amazing ways when it comes to space exploration. Let me tell you all about it!First off, AI is really great at spotting patterns and analyzing huge amounts of data. This is super helpful when studying images and data sent back by spacecraft exploring other planets or asteroids. Normal computers can get overwhelmed by all that information, but AI can quickly sort through it and find interesting things that human scientists might miss.For example, let's say a rover on Mars sends back thousands of images of rocks. An AI system can study all those pictures and identify which rocks look most interesting or different from therest. It can then flag those rocks for the human scientists to take a closer look. How cool is that?Another way AI helps is by controlling and operating robots and rovers on other planets. You see, sending commands from Earth to a rover on Mars takes a really long time because the planets are so far apart. By the time a command makes it to Mars, the situation may have already changed!But AI systems on the rovers can quickly make decisions and adjust as needed without having to wait for instructions from Earth. The AI can say "Oh, there's a big rock in my path. Let me just drive around it!" This AI autonomy makes space exploration way more efficient.AI also plays a role in designing spacecraft and planning flight paths. There are so many different factors to consider like gravity, air resistance, fuel efficiency and more. AI systems can run advanced calculations and simulations to find the best spacecraft designs and most optimal flight trajectories. This saves a ton of time, money and headaches for the engineers!Maybe the coolest use of AI is in identifying potential new discoveries in space data. AI software can be trained to recognize certain patterns that might indicate new planets, asteroids, stars, or even possible signs of alien life! With so much data constantlystreaming in from telescopes and probes, AI is essential for spotting interesting signals that humans could easily miss.As you can see, AI is becoming a true superstar when it comes to space exploration. It's like having a team of highly intelligent robot assistants working tirelessly to help scientists explore the cosmos. Who knows what mind-blowing discoveries AI will help make next?Isn't it amazing how advanced technology is allowing us to study space in ways we could barely imagine just a few decades ago? AI is seriously taking space research and exploration to new frontiers. The next generation of kids like you may even get to be the first space colonizers on Mars thanks to AI! How awesome would that be?So keep studying hard, feed your curiosity about space and science, and who knows? You may end up playing a pivotal role in humankind's next great leap among the stars with the help of AI! The future of space exploration is going to beout-of-this-world incredible. Let's explore it together!篇2The Awesome World of AI in Space ExplorationHave you ever dreamed of blasting off into space and exploring other planets? Well, thanks to artificial intelligence (AI), that dream is becoming a reality! AI is a type of super-smart computer technology that can think and learn like humans. And it's playing a huge role in helping us explore the great unknown of outer space.Let me tell you about some of the amazing ways AI is being used in space missions:Piloting SpacecraftFlying a spacecraft is no easy task, especially when you're millions of miles away from Earth. That's where AI comes in! Powerful AI systems can help pilot and navigate spacecraft, making countless calculations and decisions in a fraction of a second. This ensures that the spacecraft stays on course and avoids any obstacles in its path, like asteroid fields or cosmic debris.Analyzing Data from SpaceWhen we send probes and rovers to other planets, they collect a massive amount of data – things like images, soil samples, and readings on temperature, radiation levels, and more. But sifting through all that data can be overwhelming forhuman scientists. That's why AI is used to analyze and make sense of this information, identifying patterns and insights that might be missed by the human eye.Designing Better Rockets and SpacecraftBuilding a rocket or spacecraft that can withstand the extreme conditions of space is a huge challenge. But AI is lending a hand by simulating and testing different designs virtually, before anything is built in real life. This way, engineers can experiment with different materials, shapes, and configurations to find the most efficient and safest options.Exploring Extraterrestrial EnvironmentsWhen we send rovers to planets like Mars, we want them to be able to navigate the terrain and make decisions on their own, without having to wait for instructions from Earth (which can take a long time because of the vast distances involved). AI allows these rovers to perceive their surroundings, identify obstacles and scientifically interesting features, and make decisions about where to go and what to study next.Searching for Extraterrestrial LifeOne of the biggest questions humans have is whether we're alone in the universe or if there's life on other planets. AI isplaying a crucial role in this search by analyzing data from telescopes and space probes, looking for patterns and signs that could indicate the presence of life – things like unusual gases in a planet's atmosphere or biosignatures in soil samples.These are just a few of the ways AI is revolutionizing space exploration. As AI technology continues to advance, who knows what other amazing discoveries and achievements we'll unlock in our quest to understand the cosmos?Maybe one day, you could even be part of the team that designs an AI system for a mission to Mars or beyond! If you're into science, technology, and space, studying AI could open up a world of exciting possibilities.For now, keep reaching for the stars, and remember – with AI on our side, the sky is no longer the limit!篇3The Wonders of AI in Space ExplorationHave you ever dreamed of traveling to outer space? Of exploring distant planets and galaxies? Well, thanks to some really cool technology called Artificial Intelligence (AI), scientistsand engineers are able to explore the mysteries of the universe from right here on Earth!What is Artificial Intelligence?AI is like having a super smart robot helper that can process tons of information and solve complex problems faster than any human. It uses advanced computer programs and algorithms to analyze data, recognize patterns, and make decisions. Pretty neat, right?AI in Space MissionsAI plays a crucial role in space missions by helping scientists and engineers in many different ways. Let me give you some examples:Spacecraft NavigationNavigating a spacecraft through the vast expanse of space is no easy task. There are countless factors to consider, like the gravitational pull of planets, the trajectory of asteroids, and even tiny bits of space debris. AI systems can crunch all this data and calculate the safest and most efficient routes for spacecraft to travel.Robotic ExplorationHave you heard of the Mars Rovers? These are awesome robots that have been exploring the surface of Mars for years, taking pictures and collecting samples. AI helps these rovers to navigate the rough Martian terrain, avoid obstacles, and even choose which rocks to analyze based on their scientific value.Image and Data AnalysisSpacecraft and telescopes send back tons of data and images from space every day. AI algorithms can quickly analyze this data, identifying patterns and anomalies that human scientists might miss. This helps us learn more about the universe and make new discoveries.Fault Detection and RepairImagine being millions of miles away from Earth, and something goes wrong with your spacecraft. AI systems can monitor the various components of a spacecraft, detect any faults or anomalies, and even suggest ways to repair or work around the problem. This keeps astronauts safe and missions running smoothly.Mission PlanningPlanning a space mission is like a giant, complicated puzzle. There are so many factors to consider, like fuel consumption,launch windows, crew schedules, and scientific objectives. AI can simulate different scenarios and come up with the most efficient and effective mission plans.AI on Earth for Space ExplorationAI doesn't just help in space – it also plays a vital role in space exploration right here on Earth. For example:Telescope OperationsPowerful telescopes like the Hubble Space Telescope and the James Webb Space Telescope generate massive amounts of data. AI algorithms help astronomers sort through this data, identifying interesting celestial objects and events for further study.Satellite MonitoringThere are thousands of satellites orbiting Earth, monitoring everything from weather patterns to national security threats. AI systems can analyze data from these satellites in real-time, alerting authorities to potential storms, forest fires, or other emergencies.Rocket Design and TestingBuilding rockets is a complex engineering challenge. AI can simulate different rocket designs, test them in virtual environments, and optimize their performance before they're ever built and launched.The Future of AI in Space ExplorationAs AI technology continues to advance, its applications in space exploration will only become more exciting. Scientists are working on AI systems that can autonomously plan and execute entire space missions, from launch to landing.Imagine an AI-powered spacecraft that can explore distant planets and moons, making its own decisions and discoveries without human intervention. Or an AI system that can search for signs of life on exoplanets by analyzing their atmospheres and surface features.The possibilities are endless, and AI will undoubtedly play a crucial role in unlocking the secrets of the universe.ConclusionAI is truly a game-changer in the field of space exploration. From navigating spacecraft to analyzing data and planning missions, this incredible technology is helping us push theboundaries of what's possible. Who knows, maybe one day you'll even get to explore space with the help of an AI companion!篇4The Awesome Power of AI in Space Exploration!Have you ever dreamed of traveling to other planets or even galaxies far, far away? Well, get ready because artificial intelligence (AI) is making space exploration easier and more exciting than ever before! AI helps scientists and engineers solve really tough problems so they can build awesome rockets, satellites, rovers, and more to explore the mysteries of the cosmos.What is AI anyway? It's a type of computer software that can learn, reason, and make decisions in a way that's kind of like how humans think - but way faster! AI programs can look at huge piles of data and find hidden patterns that would take people forever to figure out.One of the coolest ways AI helps with space is in the design process for new spacecraft and rockets. Normally, humans have to spend months or years drawing up blueprints and running simulations to test all their ideas. But with AI, they can feed the computer tons of data on things like aerodynamics, propulsion,materials science, and more. Then the AI crunches those numbers to come up with optimized designs in just days or weeks!For example, NASA used AI to design a weird-looking shuttle with air-scooped engine designs for future missions to Mars. The AI found a shape that makes the vehicle lighter and more fuel efficient for interplanetary travel. Who knows what kinds of crazy, futuristic spaceships the AI will dream up next? Maybe one day we'll be zooming through the galaxy in something straight out of a sci-fi movie!AI also plays a huge role in getting spacecraft off the ground and navigating through space. Controlling powerful rockets that are blasting off into the atmosphere is an insanely difficult task with a bajillion different factors to consider at every second. But AI flight control systems can monitor all those variables like weather, fuel levels, trajectories, and so on - way better than any human possibly could. They can make split-second adjustments to keep the launch going smoothly.Then once the spacecraft is in space, AI guides it along the best possible path to its destination, whether that's orbiting the Earth, visiting the Moon, or flying by Mars. It has to take into account the gravitational pull of planets, the trajectories ofdebris fields, fuel efficiency, and tons of other variables. Without AI's help, we'd get hopelessly lost out there in the big cosmic ocean!AI's incredible processing power also comes in handy when rovers like Perseverance or Curiosity are exploring the surfaces of other planets and moons. These cool little robotic vehicles are loaded with scientific instruments that collect massive amounts of data every day on things like the soil composition, mineral content, atmospheric conditions, and potential signs of microbial life.All that data gets beamed back to Earth, where teams of scientists start analyzing it. But there's so much of it that it would take them years to go through it all - and by then, the rovers would have already moved on! That's why they use AI programs to rapidly process the raw data and identify anything interesting that human scientists should take a closer look at.The AI can spot subtle patterns and anomalies that we might miss. Then it flags those sections so researchers know exactly where to focus their eyes and efforts. Thanks to AI's tireless data-crunching abilities, scientists don't waste time and can make new discoveries way faster.Let's not forget about AI's role in deep space exploration too! You've probably heard of the Hubble Space Telescope and James Webb Space Telescope taking all those breathtaking pictures of galaxies billions of light years away. But do you know what helps them decide what areas of space to aim their cameras at and when?You guessed it - AI! These space telescopes are designed to search for things like potentially Earth-like exoplanets in the "goldilocks" zones of other solar systems where liquid water (and possibly life?!) could exist. But with billions upon billions of stars out there, how do they choose which ones to examine? AI algorithms analyze all the data we have on those star systems and prioritize the targets that are most promising.Then once the images come back from those observations, AI helps scientists study them for any signs of exoplanets or other incredible phenomena we've never seen before. For example, AI has discovered mysterious, ultra-powerful cosmic particles called "WIMPzillas" slamming into our galaxy from some unknown source! Who knows what other crazy new things AI will help scientists uncover?As you can see, AI is absolutely indispensable when it comes to exploring the great beyond. Its ability to rapidly process hugeamounts of data and come up with solutions to complex problems is helping us make new discoveries and go farther into space than ever before. From designing next-generation spacecraft to studying astronomical mysteries light years away, AI is expanding humanity's understanding of the cosmos every single day.So the next time you gaze up at the stars, remember that AI is playing a huge behind-the-scenes role in unraveling their secrets - and maybe even one day helping us travel between them! Isn't AI just the coolest? The future of space exploration is going to be an awesome cosmic adventure thanks to this incredibly powerful technology.篇5Exploring Artificial Intelligence in the Sky: How Smart Computers Help Us SoarHi there, young explorers! Today, we're going to talk about something truly out of this world – artificial intelligence (AI) and how it's helping us explore the vast unknown of space. Get ready to have your mind blown by the incredible ways thesesuper-smart computer programs are changing the game in the aerospace industry!What is Artificial Intelligence?Before we dive into the nitty-gritty of how AI is used in space exploration, let's first understand what it is. Artificial intelligence is like having a really, really smart friend who can process tons of information incredibly quickly and solve complex problems that would take humans ages to figure out. It's a computer program that can learn, reason, and make decisions just like humans do, but way faster and more efficiently.AI in Space ExplorationNow, let's talk about how these intelligent computer programs are helping us explore the great beyond. Buckle up, because the applications are truly mind-boggling!Rocket ScienceDid you know that AI plays a crucial role in designing and launching rockets into space? These smart programs can simulate countless scenarios, analyze vast amounts of data, and help engineers optimize every aspect of a rocket's design and trajectory. From ensuring the rocket has enough fuel to calculating the perfect launch window, AI makes sure our space missions go off without a hitch.Navigating the CosmosOnce a spacecraft is in space, AI takes over the navigation. These intelligent systems can process data from various sensors, cameras, and other instruments to ensure the spacecraft stays on course and avoids any potential hazards, like space debris or asteroids. AI also helps control the spacecraft's movements, making precise adjustments to its trajectory and orientation.Exploring Distant WorldsWhen it comes to exploring other planets, moons, and celestial bodies, AI is our best friend. Imagine trying to analyze all the data and images sent back by a rover on Mars or a probe orbiting Jupiter – it would take humans forever! But AI can quickly process this information, identifying interesting features, analyzing soil samples, and even helping to decide where to send the rover next.Searching for Extraterrestrial LifeOne of the most exciting applications of AI in space exploration is its potential to help us find evidence of extraterrestrial life. These smart programs can sift through vast amounts of data from telescopes and other instruments, looking for patterns or anomalies that could indicate the presence of life on other planets or in distant galaxies.Monitoring Space WeatherJust like we have weather on Earth, there's also space weather that can affect our missions and technology in space. AI helps us monitor and predict things like solar flares, cosmic radiation, and other space weather events that could potentially disrupt our spacecraft or communication systems.The Future of AI in Space ExplorationAs amazing as these applications already are, we've only scratched the surface of what AI can do for space exploration. In the future, we can expect AI to play an even bigger role in areas like:Designing and building advanced spacecraft and habitats for long-term space missionsAssisting astronauts during spacewalks and other complex tasksHelping us establish sustainable human settlements on other planets or moonsAnalyzing data from powerful new telescopes to unravel the mysteries of the universeThe possibilities are truly endless, and it's all thanks to the incredible power of artificial intelligence!Final ThoughtsAs you can see, AI is an incredibly powerful tool that's helping us push the boundaries of space exploration like never before. From designing rockets to searching for alien life, these super-smart computer programs are playing a crucial role in our quest to understand the cosmos.So, the next time you look up at the stars, remember the amazing AI technology that's helping us unravel the secrets of the universe. Who knows, maybe one day you'll be part of the team developing the next generation of AI systems that take us even further into the great beyond!篇6The Amazing Ways Artificial Intelligence Helps in Space ExplorationHi there, fellow space enthusiasts! Today, I want to tell you all about something really cool – how Artificial Intelligence (AI) is being used in space exploration. AI is like having a super-smartrobot helping scientists and astronauts explore the vastness of space.1. Smart Robots and Astronaut AssistantsImagine having a robot buddy who can help astronauts with their work in space. Well, that's exactly what AI does! AI-powered robots can be sent on space missions to assist astronauts with tasks like repairing equipment or carrying out experiments. These smart robots can even learn from their experiences and get better at their jobs over time. They can explore dangerous places that might be too risky for humans, making space exploration safer for everyone.2. Autonomous SpacecraftAnother amazing way AI is used in space is through autonomous spacecraft. These spacecraft can think for themselves and make important decisions without human intervention. They use AI algorithms to analyze data and navigate through space. With the help of AI, spacecraft can adjust their routes, avoid obstacles, and even land on other planets safely. It's like having a smart pilot flying the spacecraft!3. Understanding Space DataSpace is full of data, and analyzing all that information can be a big challenge. But thanks to AI, scientists can now process and understand space data more easily. AI algorithms can sift through vast amounts of data collected by telescopes and satellites, helping scientists make new discoveries. They can find patterns, identify celestial objects, and even predict space weather. AI is like a space detective, uncovering the secrets of the universe!4. Planning Space MissionsPlanning a space mission is a complex task. There are many factors to consider, like fuel consumption, spacecraft trajectory, and safety. AI can help scientists and engineers plan these missions more efficiently. By using AI algorithms, they can optimize routes, calculate fuel usage, and predict potential problems. This helps save time, money, and resources, making space exploration more successful.5. Assisting Astronaut HealthSpace travel can be tough on astronauts' bodies, but AI is here to help! AI technology can monitor astronauts' health and provide real-time assistance. It can analyze vital signs, detect any health issues, and even suggest remedies. This ensures thatastronauts stay healthy and safe during their missions. AI is like a space doctor, taking care of our brave astronauts.In conclusion, AI is an incredible tool that is revolutionizing space exploration. From smart robots to autonomous spacecraft, AI is helping us explore space like never before. It analyzes data, plans missions, and assists astronauts in their important work. So, the next time you look up at the stars, remember that AI is up there too, making the universe a little easier to understand. Keep dreaming big and reach for the stars!Word Count: 457I hope you find this article helpful and enjoyable to read. Happy exploring, young astronomers!。
基于自适应结构的仿袋鼠机器人脚部研究及设计
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第 ５期 ２１ ０ ２年 ５月
文章 编 号 ：０ ｌ ３９ （０ ２ ０ — １７ ０ １０ 一 ９７ ２ １ ）５ ０ ８ — ２
机 械 设 计 与 制 造
Ｍａ ｈｎ ｒ Ｄｅｉｎ ＆ ｃ ｉ ｅｙ ｓｇ Ｍａ ｕ ａ ｔｒ ｎ ｆｃｕ ｅ １７ ８
基 于 自适应结构的仿 袋鼠机 器人脚部研 究及设计 木
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ｒ ｏ ａ ｅ ｎａ ａ ｔ ｅｓｒｃｕ ｅ ｏｂ ｔ ｓ ｄ ｏ ｄ ｐ ｉ ｔｕ ｔ ｒ ｂ ｖ Ｌ ｎ Ｇ ｎ ｊ ，Ａ ｈ ｎ — ｉｇ Ｉ Ｙａ ， ＥＷｅ ＿ｉ Ｆ Ｎ Ｃ ｏ ｇ ｑｎ ｅ
机器人服务行业智能机器人操作系统考核试卷
A. rviz
B. gazebo
C. urdf_to_graphiz
D. xacro_to_urdf
8.以下哪些功能包与ROS中的导航相关？( )
A. move_base
B. amcl
C. gmapping
D. navfn
9. ROS中以下哪些功能包与机器人的路径规划有关？( )
B. roscore
C. rosnet
D. roswtf
20.以下哪些是ROS社区推荐的编程语言？( )
A. C++
B. Python
C. Lisp
D. Java
（注：以上试题内容仅供参考，实际考试内容以正式试卷为准。）
三、填空题（本题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分，请将正确答案填到题目空白处）
1. ROS的全称是_______。（）
B. Real-time Operating System
C. Random Operating System
D. Robot Object-oriented System
2.以下哪项不是ROS的主要特性？( )
A.开源
B.跨平台
C.实时性
D.面向服务
3.在ROS中，用于描述机器人硬件接口的文件是：( )
2.描述ROS中话题（Topics）、服务（Services）和动作（Actions）通信的区别和特点，并给出一个实际应用场景中这三种通信方式的例子。（10分）
3.请解释URDF（Unified Robot Description Format）的作用，以及如何使用URDF和XACRO来描述一个简单的机器人模型。（10分）
悬臂式专用火焰坡口机：火焰坡口机器人的强有力竞争者
功能指标
预 编 程 精 确 路 径 自动 火 焰工 艺 参数 控 制 断 电工 作 点 恢 复 防碰撞 多工 件 顺序 加 工 多 种 零 件 程 序 处 理 ：旋 转 ／ 镜 像 ／ 移 ／ 放 平 缩
表 １火 焰 坡 口机 器 人 技 术 指 标
控制指标 ６ 由度 自
工 作 半 径 ０４ ２ ＿～ ｍ
功能指标 切 割 重 启
示 教／ 生 切 换 再
高 精 度 轨 迹 控 制 高 精 度 转 角 控 制 减 震 控 制 重 复 定 位 精 度 ＋一．８ ／ ０ ｍｍ ０
断 电 工 作 点 恢 复 防 碰 撞 交 替 工 作 台 载 荷 ２ｋ ０ｇ
路径 回溯／ 中断返 回
直接在技 术、应用范 围和市场上挑战火焰坡 口机器 人 。这种坡 口机采用一个简单 实用的专用坡 Ｉ摆动 Ｚ ｌ
机 构 ，附 着 在 一 个 悬 臂 式 导 轨 小 车 上 。坡 口摆 动 机 构 上 安 装 有火 焰割 炬 ，进 行坡 口火 焰 切 割 ；悬 臂
式 导 轨 小 车 可 实现 工 件 轮 廓 的 — ｙ 动 ，如 图２ 运 所 示 ，其 典 型技 术 指标 如表 ２ 示 。 所
究和 开 发 。
动焊和 自动立角焊机两种方法进行立角焊接 。保护
气 体 采 用 ９ ．％的 纯 Ｃ 体 。Ｄｗ １ ０ ９５ Ｏ气 Ｏ Ｖ焊 丝 的 化 学 成分 和 力 学性 能 如 表 ｌ 、表 ２ 所示 。
表１ Ｄ Ｗ一 １ ０ 丝 的 化 学 成 分 （ 量分 数 ） （ ） ０ Ｖ焊 质 ％
１０ 台 ，主要 用 在 中小 尺寸 的厚 板 零 件或 铸 件 的 坡 ００
和火焰坡 口机 器人相比 ，这种专用火 焰坡 口机
模拟海螺壳结构 MIT研发高强3D打印材料
书山有路勤为径；学海无涯苦作舟
模拟海螺壳结构MIT 研发高强3D 打印材料
【中国技术前沿】日前，麻省理工学院的研究人员研究发现了一种具备海螺壳的韧性的材料，3D打印结构强度高达85%，有潜力创造先进的身体盔甲或头盔。
因为3D打印的使用可以与3D扫描的使用相吻合。
因此这对于使用者来说具有佳的适应性，并且由于打印材料的海螺状层而具有先进的性能。
麻省理工学院的研究人员研究发现了一种具备海螺壳的韧性的材料，通过模拟通常在壳中发现的交叉的层，3D打印结构强度高达85%。
研究人员Grace Gu，Mahdi Takaffoli和McAfee Engineering Markus Buehler教授认为，该材料具有潜在的应用于身体护甲的应用。
题为“分级增强的生物复合材料的抗冲击性”的文章已经在
Advanced Materials中发表。
超强的韧性
该材料在没有压裂的情况下吸收和消除冲击能量。
研究团队分析了
海螺壳的特点，发现其的韧性包含在交替晶粒层中。
根据本文，这种三层结构意味着裂缝和裂缝发现难以通过层次传播。
研究人员随后使用3D打印机打印此结构。
该团队在计算机上模拟
了外壳结构，然后使用了Stratasys Objet 5003D打印机来创建一种模拟海螺多层结构。
麻省理工学院的研究人员过去已经转向使用3D技术来展示石墨烯
复杂的几何形状。
滴塔测试
为了评估3D打印海螺状材料的韧性，通过基材比较，研究人员使
用了一个滴塔。
使用滴塔进行冲击试验，展示了多层材料能够以小的裂
专注下一代成长，为了孩子。
被动轮式蛇形机器人前进速度的实验探究
随着科技的发展，机器人在人们的生产与生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色，而机器人研究也从传统的结构环境下的应用研究中走出来，逐渐向崎岖山地、狭窄管道、沙漠环境和楼梯攀爬等非结构环境下的实际应用拓展[1]。
与传统机器人相较，蛇形机器人因其独特的运动形式和身体结构，在国内外得到了广泛研究[2-7]，并取得了丰硕成果。
日本东京大学的Hirose 教授最早提出Serpenodi 曲线，并研制了第一台蛇形机器人样机[1]。
德国Kral.L.Paap 研制了由橡胶关节组成的四驱动蛇形机器人GMD-snakel [8]，可以在各个方向上灵活运动。
美国NASA 在卡耐基梅隆大学（CMU ）的学习蛇形机器人[9]的基础上，研制了可以实现多种运动的机器人Snakebots 。
在国内，上海交通大学的崔显世、颜国正于1999年3月开发了我国第一台蛇形机器人样机[1,10]。
中科院沈阳自动化研究所也对蛇形机器人开展了一系列研究，发表了关于控制理论、结构设计、模型仿真等多项成果[11-14]。
可见，国内目前的研究成果大多集中于蛇形机器人的结构设计和运动控制理论研究。
本文着眼于新型蛇形机器人的机构特点，重点分析被动轮式蛇形机器人在蜿蜒运动形式下的动力学特性，运用插值思想，通过实验验证该理论在实际场景下的正确性。
1 理论基础1.1 蜿蜒运动步态推导生物蛇具有多种运动方式，包括蜿蜒运动、直线运动、收缩运动、侧向运动以及螺旋运动等。
日本的Hirose 教授在大量观测生物蛇运动后，最早提出了Serpenoid 曲线（如图1所示），并通过蛇形机器人证明了蜿蜒运动具有运动效率高和波形连续的特点。
图1 简化蛇形曲线蛇形机器人的曲率方程[14]：ρ(s )=-αb sin(bs )（1）式中，α为最大摆角；b 为比例常数；s 为蛇形曲线的长度。
对式（1）中s 积分，得沿曲线角度的表达式：θ(s )=αcos(bs ) （2）假定蛇形机器人的单元长度为2l ，由此可得蛇形曲线公式：φ(i )=θ(s +l )+(s -l )=-2αsin(bl )sin(bs )（3）当曲线长度s =0,2l ,4l ,…时，即可得到蛇形机器人各关节的相对转角，由此可得到静止的蜿蜒运动曲线模型[15]：φ(i )=-2αsin(bl )sin[(i -1)β] （4）式中，β=2bl ，i 为关节编号。
小学上册第13次英语第6单元真题试卷
小学上册英语第6单元真题试卷英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.I like to _______ (听音乐) in my free time.2.My favorite dessert is ______.3.We should _______ (help/ignore) each other.4.The __________ is a large lake located in Switzerland. (日内瓦湖)5.What is the opposite of 'hot'?A. ColdB. WarmC. CoolD. SpicyA6. A _____ (果蔬) plate is healthy and colorful.7.My uncle is very .8.Which animal is known for its thick, woolly coat?A. GoatB. SheepC. DogD. Cat9.The Earth's crust is divided into large sections called ______ plates.10.I color with _____ (彩色笔).11.The chemical symbol for neptunium is ______.12. A __________ is formed through the interaction of biotic and abiotic factors.13. A frog can live on land and in ______.14.I love spending time with my ____.15. A canary is a small _______ (鸟).16.Planting herbs can add flavor to your meals and enhance your ______. (种植香草可以为你的菜肴增添风味，丰富你的饮食。
小学上册第15次英语第2单元真题
小学上册英语第2单元真题英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.The chemical symbol for osmium is _____.2.Which of these is a type of fruit?A. LettuceB. CarrotC. TomatoD. SpinachC3.What is the capital of Estonia?A. TallinnB. TartuC. NarvaD. PärnuA4.Planting a variety of flowers can create a vibrant and ______ garden. (种植多样的花卉可以创造出充满活力的花园。
)5. A ____ can often be found resting in the shade.6.What do we use to measure temperature?A. BarometerB. ThermometerC. RulerD. Compass7.She is ___ a picture. (drawing)8.Sedimentary rocks are formed from ______ of other rocks.9.The _____ is a star that can be seen from Earth.10. A _____ is an object that travels around a planet.11.My ______ enjoys playing the guitar.12.The anaconda is a giant ______ (蛇).13.The sunflowers turn to face the _______ each day.14.I like to go ________ (划船) on the lake.15.What do we call the movement of the Earth around the sun?A. RotationB. RevolutionC. OrbitD. CycleB16.What do we call the person who creates software?A. EngineerB. ProgrammerC. ScientistD. Designer17.My favorite toy is a _____ robot.18.What is the name of the famous American singer known for "My Heart Will Go On"?A. Celine DionB. Mariah CareyC. Whitney HoustonD. AdeleA19.Penguins live in ______ (寒冷) places and waddle when they walk.20.Electrons are found in the ________ of an atom.21.My sister has a _____ that she carries everywhere.22.The __________ is the largest forest in the world. (亚马逊雨林)23.The _______ of sound can be perceived as pitch.24. A base accepts hydrogen ions in a ______.25.We are going to _____ a picnic. (have)26.My sister has a lovely _______ (我妹妹有一个可爱的_______).27.My cousin plays the ____ (clarinet) in the band.28.What is the name of the famous river that runs through Egypt?A. AmazonB. NileC. MississippiD. YangtzeB29. A cat has excellent ______ (视力) at night.30.Einstein's theory of relativity changed our understanding of ______.31.I enjoy playing ______ (视频游戏) with my friends on weekends.32. A pelican catches fish with its ________________ (喙).33.Astronomers use ______ to study distant objects.34.Which animal is known for having a pouch?A. ElephantB. KangarooC. LionD. GorillaB35.My mom is a great __________ (社会活动家).36.They are _____ (jumping) rope.37.I want to learn to ________ (设计) clothes.38.She is ______ (drawing) a picture.39.What is the name of the fairy tale character with long hair?A. Snow WhiteB. RapunzelC. CinderellaD. BelleB40.The chemical formula for sodium oxalate is ______.41.htenment emphasized _____ and reason. The Enli42.The fish swims in _______ (群) with others.43.The girl is very ________.44.The ancient Egyptians built _______ to honor their gods. (神庙)45.What is the name of the famous scientist who formulated the laws of gravity?A. Albert EinsteinB. Isaac NewtonC. Galileo GalileiD. James Clerk Maxwell46.Bamboo is one of the fastest-growing ______ (植物).47.The ______ of an object depends on its mass.48.environmental stewardship) promotes responsible management. The ____49.What do we call the person who takes care of a garden?A. GardenerB. PainterC. BuilderD. Cook50. A __________ (净化) process removes impurities from substances.51.The bird is _______ (nesting) in the tree.52.What is the capital of Peru?A. LimaB. QuitoC. BogotáD. SantiagoA53.The train is _______ (准时到达).54.conservation) of resources is essential for sustainability. The ____55.What do you use to write on paper?A. PaintB. PencilC. BrushD. MarkerB56.What is the term for a baby horse?A. ColtB. FoalC. CalfD. KidB57.The capital city of Singapore is ________ (新加坡的首都城市是________).58.My brother is a _____ (学生) who loves geography.59.The _______ (The Holocaust) resulted in the genocide of millions during WWII.60.My cousin is an amazing __________ (舞者).61.We will _______ (go) camping this weekend.62.The chemical formula for sodium fluoride is ______.63.We will go ______ in the evening. (walking)64.What is the primary color of the sky on a clear day?A. BlueB. GreenC. RedD. YellowA65.The boy is ___ a ball. (catching)66.The _____ (卡通) is funny.67.What is the name of the fairy tale character who climbed a beanstalk?A. JackB. JillC. PeterD. Harry68.What is the capital of France?A. BerlinB. MadridC. ParisD. RomeC69.My aunt has a cute __________. (小狗)70.The __________ (自然保护区) helps protect wildlife.71.What do we call a baby sheep?A. CalfB. KidC. LambD. FoalC72. A well-tended garden can be a source of fresh ______ all year round. (一个精心照料的花园可以全年提供新鲜的食材。
小学下册U卷英语第5单元期末试卷(有答案)
小学下册英语第5单元期末试卷(有答案)英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.We play _____ (棋类游戏) on weekends.2.__________ are used in the agricultural industry for pest control.3.The Earth's surface is shaped by both human and ______ factors.4.I have a teddy bear ________ (玩具名称) that I sleep with.5.The ancient Mayans were known for their advanced _______.6. A __________ has a definite volume but no definite shape.7.The teacher is very ________.8.The process of ______ occurs when rocks are worn away.9.The chemical formula for lawrencium oxide is ______.10.The ancient Greeks made significant contributions to ________ (数学).11.The chameleon blends into its ________________ (环境).12.The __________ (历史的潜力) awaits exploration.13.The _____ (flower/tree) is blooming.14.The ______ (草地) is lush and green.15.I wish I could create my own ________ (名词) one day. It would be the most________ (形容词) toy ever!16.The nurse provides _____ (护理) for patients.17.The _______ of an object can be calculated using its volume.18.The __________ (历史的构成要素) shape our narratives.19.The baby is _____ (crying/laughing).20.My brother loves his ________ robot.21.What is the primary source of energy for the Earth?A. MoonB. SunC. StarsD. Wind答案: B22.We can ___ a treasure hunt. (have)23.I want to learn how to __________.24.The __________ is formed from the remains of plants and animals.25.__________ (污染物) can have harmful effects on ecosystems.26.We have a ______ (愉快的) gathering for school events.27.In a chemical reaction, reactants are transformed into _______.28.The concept of climate resilience emphasizes the capacity to adapt to ______ changes.29.The dog chased the ______.30.My favorite thing about summer is going to the ________ (海边).31.My favorite sport is ________.32.What is the name of the famous art museum in Paris?A. LouvreB. British MuseumC. Uffizi GalleryD. Rijksmuseum 答案:A33.The __________ (历史的启示性故事) inspire actions.34. A __________ (化工产品) are used in various industries for manufacturing.35.The boy has a cool ________.36.The fastest land animal is the __________.37.The process of ______ can lead to the creation of new ecosystems.38.What do we call a person who plays music?A. ArtistB. MusicianC. PainterD. Dancer答案:B39.The ______ (earth) rotates on its axis.40.The country famous for sushi is ________ (日本).41.What is the process of plants making food called?A. DigestionB. PhotosynthesisC. RespirationD. Fermentation答案:B42. A rabbit can jump very ______ (高).43.The __________ (历史的见证者) recount significant moments.44. A bison roams the ________________ (草原).45. _______ (很好). She want46.The ______ (植物的分布) varies with geography.47.The _______ (小鹦鹉) can mimic human speech.48.The _______ needs sunlight to grow tall.49.I have a ______ (collection) of stickers.50.Planting _____ (香料) can enhance our cooking.51.The chemical formula for hydrochloric acid is __________.52.The scientist analyzes _____ (数据) for research.53. A ______ is a liquid that can dissolve a solute.54.The _____ (可食用植物) are often sought after in markets.55.The __________ is a famous area known for its luxury goods.56.The _______ (蝴蝶) flaps its wings.57. A ______ (海星) can regenerate its arms.58.The chemical symbol for manganese is ______.59.My aunt loves __________ (参与公益).60.What do we call a person who repairs machines?A. MechanicB. EngineerC. TechnicianD. Craftsman答案:A61.The __________ (购物中心) is near my house.62.The __________ (种植时间) is important for success.63. A mixture of sand and salt can be separated by ________.64.The chemical symbol for zirconium is ______.65.I believe that everyone should try their best to __________.66.I see a __ in the sky. (plane)67.I can express my feelings through my ________ (玩具类型).68.The law of conservation of mass means that mass is neither created nor ______.69.Sulfuric acid is a common industrial ________.70.The rabbit is ______ (hopping) through the grass.71.My goal this year is to read _______ (数量) books. I find reading very _______ (形容词) and fun.72. A dog loves to chase a _____.73. Mountains are located in _____ (23). The Ande74.What do you call a person who practices medicine?A. SurgeonB. PhysicianC. DoctorD. Nurse答案: C75.What is the opposite of soft?A. HardB. SmoothC. RoughD. Wet答案: A76. A ________ (鹦鹉) can talk and mimic sounds very well.77.The ________ has many colors.78.What is the name of the famous American holiday celebrated on the fourth Thursday in November?A. ChristmasB. EasterC. ThanksgivingD. Independence Day答案:C79.ts produce _____ (果汁) that is tasty. Some pla80.I like to _______ (travel) to new places.81.Which planet do we live on?A. MarsB. VenusC. EarthD. Jupiter答案: C82.The _____ (door) is open.83.I love to visit _______ (博物馆).84. A flamingo feeds on ______.85.The puppy is ______ with its tail wagging. (running)86.________ (植物保护措施) are necessary for survival.87.What do we call the person who writes news articles?A. JournalistB. EditorC. ReporterD. Correspondent答案: A88.In a chemical reaction, substances change into new __________.89. Depression led to widespread ________ (失业). The Grea90.The flowers are _____ (yellow/red).91. (Holocaust) was a tragic event in World War II. The ____92.The water is ______ in the lake. (clear)93.The _______ helps maintain the ecosystem.94.I love to spend time with my ______.95.The __________ (历史悠久的城市) have many stories to tell.96.My dream is to have a room full of ____. (玩具名称)97.The _____ (果园) is full of fruit-bearing trees.98.The stars are ______ (not) visible during the day.99.I have a toy _____ that can build things.100.The flowers are _____ and yellow. (pink)。
小学上册L卷英语第3单元期中试卷
小学上册英语第3单元期中试卷英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.The __________ (雪山) is breathtaking in winter.2. A ____(data analysis) informs strategy and planning.3.The __________ is a type of reaction that produces gas.4.What do you call a type of music that is fast and upbeat?A. RockB. ClassicalC. JazzD. SlowA5. A ________ (植物分类) helps in identification.6.The Earth's crust is rich in various ______ materials.7.The _______ (Holocaust) was a tragedy during World War II.8.The sunflower is a ______ (向日葵) that always turns towards the sun.9.Which shape has three sides?A. SquareB. CircleC. TriangleD. RectangleC10.What is the capital of Turkmenistan?A. AshgabatB. TashkentC. BishkekD. DushanbeA Ashgabat11.The cheetah can sprint at high _______.12.What is the name of the first successful Mars rover mission?A. SpiritB. OpportunityC. CuriosityD. Perseverance13.What do we call the person who flies an airplane?A. PilotB. CaptainC. EngineerD. NavigatorA14.I enjoy ________ (gardening) with my mom.15.I enjoy planting _____ in my flower beds.16.What do we call the tiny particles that make up all matter?A. AtomsB. CellsC. MoleculesD. Electrons17. A polymer is a large molecule made of _______ repeating units.18.What is the name of the famous clock in London?A. Big BenB. Eiffel TowerC. Statue of LibertyD. ColosseumA19.The first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic was ______ (阿梅莉亚·厄哈特).20.What is the name of the famous American singer known for "Hurt"?A. Christina AguileraB. Britney SpearsC. Kelly ClarksonD. Johnny CashA21.What is the name of the famous fast-food restaurant known for its golden arches?A. Burger KingB. Wendy'sC. McDonald'sD. KFCC22.The _____ (环境) plays a big role in plant health.23.The first female Prime Minister of India was _______ Gandhi.24.I have a special talent for ______ (唱歌). I love performing in front of my family and friends.25.My mom loves to do ____ (home improvement).26._____ (种植) vegetables is rewarding and fun.27.What do you call a person who studies plants and animals?A. ScientistB. DoctorC. ArtistD. TeacherA Scientist28.The children are _____ in the classroom. (talking)29.My dad is very ________.30.How many sides does a square have?A. ThreeB. FourC. FiveD. Six31.The capital of Latvia is _______.32.I have a pet ________ that loves to play.33.What is the name of the tallest building in the world?A. Burj KhalifaB. Empire State BuildingC. Eiffel TowerD. CN Tower34.The pizza is ______ (hot) and cheesy.35.The Great Red Spot is a giant storm on ______.36.What do we call a person who studies animals?A. BiologistB. ZoologistC. BotanistD. Ecologist37.The ______ contributes to the ecosystem.38.I like to bake ______ (饼干) and share them with my friends.39.My brother loves his ________ robot.40.What is the name of our planet?A. MarsB. VenusC. EarthD. JupiterC41. A colorful ___ (小鹦鹉) can mimic sounds.42.The city of Naypyidaw is the capital of _______.43.My ______ is an expert in technology.44. A chemical formula shows the ratio of ______ in a compound.45.How many strings does a standard guitar have?A. 4B. 5C. 6D. 7C46.The periodic table organizes elements by their ______.47.I can build many things with my ________ (玩具名称).48.The chemical formula for benzoic acid is _______.49.The clock strikes _____ (one/two).50.The __________ is an area known for its deep valleys.51.The owl is a _________ (夜行性) bird.52.The ______ has beautiful markings.53.What is the name of the famous American singer known as the "Queen of Soul"?A. Aretha FranklinB. Whitney HoustonC. Tina TurnerD. Diana RossA54. A chemical reaction can release or absorb ______.55. A frog's tongue is fast and ______ (黏).56.What is the name of the famous painter known for his work with water lilies?A. Vincent van GoghB. Claude MonetC. Pablo PicassoD. Salvador Dalí57.My friends are very . (我的朋友们很。
小学上册第5次英语第2单元期末试卷
小学上册英语第2单元期末试卷英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.The __________ is a famous mountain in Japan.2.The first successful flight of a powered aircraft was in _______.3.What do we call the study of living things?A. BiologyB. ChemistryC. PhysicsD. Geography4.The ________ was a major event in the history of international relations.5.What is the square root of 16?A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 5C6.I have a _____ of ice cream. (bowl)7.The train is _____ the station. (at)8.My dad is a wonderful __________ (鼓励者).9.The ______ (花心) is where pollen is found.10.The ________ (dictionary) helps with words.11.I can ______ (享受) my hobbies.12.I want to _______ (学习) how to paint.13. A ______ (小型的) garden can thrive in pots.14. A solution is formed when a solute dissolves in a _____.15.I need to _____ (buy/sell) groceries.16.What is the currency used in the United States?A. EuroB. YenC. DollarD. PoundC17.The capital of Nauru is __________.18.How many teeth does an adult human usually have?A. 28B. 30C. 32D. 2619.The __________ was a significant battle in the American Civil War. (葛底斯堡战役)20.The Earth's crust is continually shaped by ______ forces.21.They are ________ to school now.22.I love _______ (写信) to my pen pal.23.Which of these is a form of transportation?A. BicycleB. ChairC. TableD. BedA24.My cousin is a talented ____ (singer).25.The chemical formula for strontium hydroxide is _______.26.Which shape has three sides?A. SquareB. CircleC. TriangleD. Rectangle27.I enjoy _______ (在公园散步).28.The __________ is the smallest continent in the world.29.The __________ (社会责任) is important for community well-being.30.What do you call a baby quail?A. ChickB. GoslingC. KitD. Calf31.I need to ________ my homework.32.The ______ (温室) helps plants grow in winter.33.The chemical reaction that produces energy from food is called ______.34.My favorite toy is _______ and fun.35.The North Pole is located at the __________ of the Earth.36.What do we call a person who studies ancient texts?A. PhilologistB. LinguistC. HistorianD. ArcheologistA37. A ________ (种植策略) is key for success.38.My dad likes to go on ____ (hiking) trips.39.I like to ________ my friends.40. A hypothesis is a testable ______.41.The ancient civilization of ________ was known for its advanced culture.42.My grandma has many beautiful ________ in her garden.43.What do we call a baby chicken?A. CubB. ChickC. PupD. LambB Chick44.The tree is ___ (bushy/barren).45.I enjoy seeing the __________ in the sky after it rains. (彩虹)46.What is the number of legs on an insect?A. SixB. EightC. FourD. TenA47.The study of how landscapes change over time is called ______ geography.48.What do we call the king of the jungle?A. LeopardB. TigerC. LionD. BearC49.The _____ (火焰) is warm.50.I can’t wait to show my friends my new ____. (玩具名称)51.What do we call the process of water falling from clouds?A. EvaporationB. PrecipitationC. CondensationD. SublimationB Precipitation52.What do you call a person who writes poems?A. NovelistB. PoetC. AuthorD. PlaywrightB53.My ________ (玩具名称) is a friendly robot.54.What is the name of the famous American holiday celebrated on the fourth Thursday in November?A. ChristmasB. EasterC. ThanksgivingD. Independence DayC55.The rabbit hops around the ______ (草地). It is searching for ______ (食物).56.What do we call the maximum number of individuals that an environment can support?A. Carrying capacityB. Population limitC. Resource limitD. Environmental thresholdA Carrying capacity57.I want to learn how to ______ (ski).58.The doctor, ______ (医生), checks our health every year.59.My favorite flower is a _____.60.The classroom is very ________.61.The chemical symbol for cerium is _______.62.What do we call a baby dog?A. KittenB. PuppyC. CalfD. Cub63.I play the _______.64.What do we call a scientist who studies plants?A. BotanistB. ZoologistC. ChemistD. BiologistA Botanist65.The doll wears a pretty _______ (娃娃穿着漂亮的_______).66.What do we call a place where animals are kept and displayed?A. ZooB. AquariumC. ParkD. FarmA Zoomunity service) fosters volunteerism and civic pride. The ____68.The ________ (house) is very big.69.I love playing with my __________ (玩具名) every weekend.70.What do we call a natural satellite that orbits a planet?A. AsteroidB. CometC. MoonD. StarC71.I need to ______ my lunch for school. (pack)72.The capital of Nicaragua is ________ (尼加拉瓜的首都是________).73.In history class, we learn about important ________ (人物) and events from the past.74.The baby is _______ (笑着).75.What do you call a large area of land that is inhabited by animals?A. HabitatB. EcosystemC. BiomeD. All of the above76. A _______ can help illustrate how energy is transferred between objects.77. A ______ (青蛙) can be green or brown.78.The _______ of a candle flame produces light.79.The pufferfish can inflate to protect itself from _______ (捕食者).80. A sound can be amplified using a ______.81.The chameleon can change its ______ (颜色).82. A ________ is a large, naturally occurring community of flora and fauna.83.What do you call a small, round fruit?A. AppleB. OrangeC. GrapeD. All of the aboveD84.The sun is _____ after the rain. (shining)85.How many continents are there?A. 5B. 6C. 7D. 8C86.What is the opposite of ‘full’?A. EmptyB. PackedC. CompleteD. Whole87.The first successful heart transplant was performed by ________ (克里斯托弗·里德).88.My friend is very __________ (自信).89.What do we call the first ten letters of the alphabet?A. A to JB. A to ZC. A to MD. A to N90.What is the main ingredient in cheese?A. MilkB. CreamC. YogurtD. ButterA91.What is the name of the famous ancient city in Greece?A. AthensB. SpartaC. DelphiD. All of the above92.The ancient Romans used _______ for their roads. (石头)93.My brother is always __________. (忙碌)94. (Holocaust) was a tragic event in World War II. The ____95.Many cultures celebrate the _____ (丰收) of plants.96. A _______ can be a type of fruit or vegetable.97.The Earth's ______ is made up of different types of ecosystems.98.Heat can speed up a ______.99.My brother is a ______. He loves to collect coins.100.My dog loves to chase _______ (球).。
小学上册第十二次英语第六单元全练全测
小学上册英语第六单元全练全测英语试题一、综合题(本题有100小题，每小题1分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.The chemical formula for iron chloride is _______.2.My cousin is a talented ____ (dancer).3.What do we call a scientist who studies animals?A. BiologistB. ZoologistC. BotanistD. EcologistB4.What do we use to write on a board?A. PencilB. MarkerC. CrayonD. Paint5.The kids are _______ (playing) in the sandbox.6.The Sun is primarily made of hydrogen and ______.7.My sister likes to draw ______. (pictures)8.The popcorn is _______ (popping) in the microwave.9.My favorite fruit is _____ (banana/apple).10.The Earth has four main layers: crust, mantle, outer core, and ______ core.11.My uncle is my adventurous _______ who takes me places.12.My cousin is a wonderful __________ (朋友) who always supports me.13.What do we call the time of day when it is light?A. DayB. NightC. DawnD. Dusk14.Chemical changes can result in the release of ________.15.My mom is very __________ (支持的) of my goals.16.The __________ was a movement that changed art and culture in Europe. (文艺复兴)17.The dog wags its _______ (尾巴) when happy.18.On rainy days, I play with my ____ indoors. (玩具名称)19.What is 6 + 7?A. 12B. 13C. 14D. 15B20.I have a _____ (相机) to take pictures of my adventures. 我有一台相机，用来拍摄我的冒险经历。
机器人全息投影英语作文
机器人全息投影英语作文In the not-too-distant future, classrooms buzz with the hum of holographic robots, standing in as teachers. These digital educators project a three-dimensional image that can interact with students, providing personalized lessons and instant feedback.The technology behind these holographic robots is a blend of artificial intelligence and advanced projection systems. They can adapt to different learning paces and styles, ensuring that each student receives the attention they need to thrive academically.Imagine a world where geography lessons come alive with a 3D map of the world, or a history class where students can virtually walk through ancient civilizations. The holographic robots make these experiences possible, enhancing the learning process and making it more engaging.For language learners, the holographic English teacher can simulate real-life conversations, offering pronunciation tips and correcting grammar on the spot. This immersive experience helps students to grasp the nuances of the language more effectively.However, the integration of holographic robots in education also raises questions about the role of human teachers. While these digital assistants can provide valuablesupport, the warmth and empathy of a human educator remain irreplaceable.As we move forward, the balance between technology and human touch in education will be crucial. Holographic robots can be a powerful tool, but they should complement, not replace, the human connection that is at the heart of learning.In conclusion, the advent of holographic robots in the classroom is an exciting development that holds great potential for personalized and interactive learning. As we continue to explore this technology, it's important to remember that the essence of education is the human element it fosters.。
机器人海森矩阵的推导
机器人海森矩阵的推导引言机器人技术在现代社会中扮演着越来越重要的角色。
为了使机器人能够准确地感知和响应环境，我们需要对其进行建模和控制。
其中，海森矩阵是机器人控制中的重要工具之一。
本文将介绍海森矩阵的概念、推导过程以及其在机器人控制中的应用。
海森矩阵的概念海森矩阵（Hessian Matrix）是一个二阶偏导数矩阵，用于描述函数的局部二阶变化情况。
在机器人控制中，海森矩阵可以用于描述机器人系统的动力学特性和控制性能。
对于一个多变量函数f(x)，其中x是一个n维向量，海森矩阵H的元素H(i,j)表示f(x)对于变量xi和xj的二阶偏导数。
即：H(i,j) = ∂²f(x)/∂xi∂xj海森矩阵是一个对称矩阵，因为二阶偏导数的求导次序不影响结果。
海森矩阵的推导海森矩阵的推导可以通过泰勒展开和二阶偏导数的定义来实现。
我们以一个二维机器人控制问题为例。
假设有一个机器人在二维平面上移动，其位置由向量x=[x1, x2]T表示。
我们希望通过控制机器人的位置来实现某个特定的任务。
为了简化问题，我们假设机器人的运动是基于一个二次型势能函数V(x)。
首先，我们对势能函数V(x)进行泰勒展开：V(x) ≈ V(x0) + ∇V(x0)·(x-x0) + 1/2(x-x0)T·H(x0)·(x-x0)其中，x0是机器人的初始位置，∇V(x0)是势能函数在x0处的梯度，H(x0)是势能函数在x0处的海森矩阵。
接下来，我们希望通过控制机器人的位置来最小化势能函数V(x)，即使V(x)达到最小值时，机器人的位置与目标位置一致。
为了实现这一目标，我们需要使势能函数的梯度∇V(x0)为零，即∇V(x0)=0。
将∇V(x0)代入泰勒展开式中，我们可以得到：V(x) ≈ V(x0) + 1/2(x-x0)T·H(x0)·(x-x0)由于我们希望使V(x)最小化，我们可以将V(x)看作是一个二次型函数。
风靡全球的十大机器人发明
风靡全球的十大机器人发明
最近一家外国媒体评选出2016年最不可思议的十大机器人发明，外国人也对机器人充满了浓厚的兴趣，这十个机器人涉及多个领域多种功能也是由不同国家的研究团队研制出，如今机器人已经能够帮我们做许多事情。
首先推出的是一种战斗机器人MegaBot Mark II，这个机器人体型壮硕，像一个格斗士，目前MegaBot Mark已经更新到了第三代，在今年八月即将举办的机器人大战当中，可能还会出现来自中国的格斗机器人。
Octobot是一款依照3D打印技术制造出来的机器人，这个机器人与众不同的是全身没有电路或者零件。
还有一款会做家务的机器人SpotMini动作非常灵敏，从研发出来他的消息就像病毒一样在人群中传播。
Atlas则是一款能够进行搜救工作的机器人，因为他可以敏捷地穿过一堆碎石块的模拟地形。
还有一种由基因改造的老鼠心脏细胞驱动半有机混合生物机器人Robotic Stingray。
下面这款Sophia就比较正常了，这是日本的团队研制出的最新的人型机器人，据说Sophia可以教学，提供服务以及娱乐，并且能够与人类建立深厚的关系。
在机器人圈内，Segway Robot则是一位重量级的名人，但尚处于测试阶段。
Feathered Friends也尚在研发当中，据说是用人工猫头鹰羽毛来制造近乎无声飞行的隐形无人机。
与其他机器人不同Rovables可以放在身上，它们会藏在用户身体的下面，不断在用户身体周围徘徊。
每当接收到电子邮件或需要日历提醒时，这些机器人就会发生震动。
最
后一款Foosball Bot可以简单理解为桌上足球机器人，然而这款机器人最大的亮点就是跟阿尔法狗一样，能够轻易击败人类选手。