高中英语阅读理解分块训练4：主旨大意1

阅读理解分块训练4：主旨大意宁乡一中：邹鸿鹰阅读理解训练之三主旨大意题的理解Skills:1．通读全文，重视首段，注意每段第一句话(尤其是论述性或说明性文章)。

2．归纳文章的段落大意。

把握文章总体。

3．重视重要情节、人物及事物特征。

4．注意观察，找准贯穿上下文的关键词汇。

5．重视题干中的关键词汇：main idea，the best title，the writer mainly wants to tell(or：show)…Examples:A. Find the topic sentence for each passage below:1. Joshua Bingham studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a lawyer in Miami, Florida.2 . Turn on the world news broadcast any evening, and the predominant mood (基调) is one of semi-darkness and hopelessness. Maybe Brazil and Peru haven't gone to war, but the news is that some other countries have. Thousands of people have been left homeless by earthquakes, floods, and fires, but nobody reports on the millions of people unharmed by natural disasters. In the cities, men and women go about the daily affairs of earning a living, quietly and calmly, without making the news, but crime, greed, and corruption(腐败) seem to be on every street corner according to the latest news report.3. If you were planning to buy a television set, the following advertisement would certainly attract your attention: "Color TV, only $ 79. Two-day sale. Hurry." However, when you go to the store ready to buy, you may discover that the advertised sets are sold out. But the salesman is quick to tell you that he has another model, a better set which is "just right for you". It costs $ 359. This sales tactic is called "bait and switch". Buyers are baited with a sale offer, and then they are switched to another more costly item. Buying items on sale requires careful consideration of the merchandise and the reasons for the sale.4. Who was the first scientist? There is, of course, no answer to this question. It is probably more fruitful to ask, "What type of man gave the first scientific explanation to natural phenomena(现象)?" We cannot completely answer this question, either, but there can be little doubt that he was a man who was curious about his environment, and who attempted to explain his observations without reference to a supernatural being. We say this because supernatural explanations of natural phenomena can never be scientific.B. On the evening of June 21, 1992, a tall man with brown hair and blue eyes entered thebeautiful hall of the Bell Tower Hotel in Xi'an with his bicycle. The hotel workers received him and telephoned the manager, for they had never seen a bicycle in the hotel hall before though they lived in "the kingdom of bicycles".Robert Friedlander, an American, arrived in Xi'an on his bicycle trip across Asia which started last December in New Delhi, India.When he was 11, he read the book Marco Polo and made up his mind to visit the Silk Road. Now, after 44 years, he was on the Silk Road in Xi'an and his early dreams were coming true.Robert Friedlander's next destinations were Lanzhou, Dunhuang, Urumqi, etc. He will complete his trip in Pakistan.Question: The best headline for this newspaper article would be _____.C. At this time the state of South Carolina was having hard times. Year after year the soil had been planted to the same crop. It was farmed by uneducated and careless slaves, and the planters knew little about soft conservation. Because the soil as beginning to wear out, crops were smaller. The young people were not satisfied to raise cotton on the poor soil of the old south. Many of them moved westward and started cotton plantations(种植园) in Alabama and Mississippi. What was more, so much cotton had been shipped to factories in England and New England that they had as much cotton as they could use. This brought the price of cotton down. More and more slaves were needed to work on the new and large plantation, and higher and higher prices were demanded for them. Planters found their expenses(费用) rising and their incomes from the sale of cotton reduced. Hard times had come to South Carolina.Questions: 1. The subject of this passage is __A. economic difficulties of South CarolinaB. that the planters knew nothing about farmingC. that the soil in South Carolina was not goodD. the causes of hard times in South Carolina2. Which of the following sentences can summarize(概括)the main idea of the passage?A. Hard times had come to South Carolina.B. Planters found their expenses rising and their incomes from the sale of cotton reduced.C. The soft was farmed by uneducated and careless slaves.D. More and more slaves were needed to work on the new and large plantations.D. The Manhattan (New York City) telephone book is one of the largest of its kind in the nation. About 1,500,000 copies of this book are printed each year. To make the paper of the books, 43,000 trees are cut down. There are twenty - six columns of Smiths and twenty - three of Browns. If all the e6pies of this book were sacked on top of each other, there would make a pile forty miles high.Question: The subject of the paragraph is __A. what the Manhattan phone book is likeB. where the Manhattan book is printedC. how many telephones are there in New YorkD. who printed the first phone book.E. Rats are still almost as big a danger to people as they were long ago. They still spreaddisease and eat crops. Much of the hunger we have today is caused by rats. They eat half of the grain harvested in the world.Question: From the passage we know __A. why rats are an enemy of peopleB. how rats destroy our foodC. how rats spread diseaseD. why rats cause diseaseF. There are many famous museums throughout the world where people can enjoy art. Washington D. C. ,the US, has the National Gallery of Art; Paris has the Louver, London, the British Museum. Florida International University ( FlU ) in Miami, the US also shows art for visitors to see. And it does so without a building, or even a wall for its drawings and paintings.FIU has opened what it says is the first computer art museum in the United States. You don't have to visit the University to see the art. You just need a computer linked to a telephone.You can call the telephone number of a university computer and connect your own computer to it. All of the art is stored in the school computer. It is computer art, produced electronically by artists on their own computers. In only a few minutes, your computer can receive and copy all the pictures and drawings.Robert Shostak is director of the new computer museum. He says he started the museum because computer artists had no place to show their work.A computer artist could record his pictures electronically and send the records, or floppy discs, to others to see on their computers. He could also put his pictures on paper, of course. But to print good pictures on paper, the computer artist needed an expensive laser printer.Robert Shostak says the electronic museum is mainly for art or computer students in schools and universities. Many of the pictures in the museum are made bythe students. Mr. Shostak said the FlU museum will make computer art more fun forcomputer artists because more people can see it. He says artists enjoy their work much more if they have an audience. And the great number of home computers in America could mean a huge audience for his electronic museum.Question: The main purpose of this text is to give information about ____.A. famous museums throughout the worldB. an electronic art museum in Miami, U. S. A.C. art exhibitions in Florida International UniversityD. latest development in computer artG. (NMET 2002)In 1901,H.G. Wells, an English writer, wrote a book describing a trip to the moon. When the explorers(探险者) landed on the moon, they discovered that the moon was full of underground cities. They expressed their surprise to the "moon people" they met. In turn, the "moon people" expressed their surprise. "Why," they asked, "are you traveling to outer space when you don't even use your inner space?"H.G. Wells could only imagine travel to the moon. In 1969,human beings really did land on the moon. People today know that there are no underground cities on the moon. However, the question that the "moon people" asked is still an interesting one.A growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it.Underground systems are already in place. Many cities have underground car parks. In some cities, such as Tokyo, Seoul and Montreal, there are large underground shopping areas. The"Chunnel", a tunnel(隧道) connecting England and France is now complete.But what about underground cities? Japan's Taisei Corporation is designing a network of underground systems, called "Alice Cities". The designers imagine using surface space for public parks and using underground space for flats, offices, shopping, and so on. A solar dome(太阳能穹顶) would cover the whole city.Supporters of underground development say that building down rather than building up is a good way to use the earth's space. The surface, they say, can be used for farms, parks, gardens, and wilderness. H. G. Wells' "moon people" would agree. Would you?Question: What would be the best title for the text?A. Alice Cities--cities of the future.B. Space travel with H.G. Wells.C. Enjoy living underground.D. Building down, not up.。