【VIP专享】2014上海英语高考新题型值得练习,找规律
2014上海高考英语新题型+阅读分析
Section ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)My Stay in New Y orkAfter graduation from university, I had been unable to secure a permanent job in my small town. So I decided to leave home for New York, (25)______I might have a better chance to find a good job. (26) ______ (earn) some money to pay the daily expenses, I started work in a local caféas a waiter. I believed that (27) ______ ______ ______ I was offered a good position, I would resign at once.Over time, the high cost of living became a little burden on my already (28) ______ (exhaust) shoulder. On the other hand, my search for a respectable job had not met with much success. As I had studied literature at university, I found it quite difficult to secure a suitable job in big companies. Mother had just said that (29) ______ I wanted to have a better career advancement, I had to find work in the city. Perhaps (30) ______my mother had told me was deeply rooted in my mind. I just did as she had expected.Soon I had lived in the city for over six months but I still did not like it. Apparently, I had difficulty (31) ______ (adapt) myself to life in the city, let alone finding a job to my delight. After nine months of frustration, I eventually decided to go back to my small town. Not until I returned (32) ______I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me.主旨大意：本文主要讲述主人公毕业后的一段生活经历，主人公觉得在大城市的打拼并不尽如人意，还是小镇生活比较适合自己。
上海英语高考语法新题型（附答案）
高考英语（上海）语法新题型2014年上海高考英语新题型 语法填空专练及解题技巧解“语法填空”题的一般步骤： 一、浏览全文 把握语篇 浏览全文的目的是把握其大意，为下一步“填空”做好“语义”上的准备，因为“语义”决定着空白处应填一个什么意思的词语并采用什么样的语法形式。
在通读全文的过程中，为较好地把握其大意，很有必要弄清该文的体裁、题材（语题）、中心思想、写作主线、段落大意、段落层次等。
这些有利于考生真正读懂全文大意，也有利于在“填空”时进行必要的逻辑推理。
二、边读边填 先易后难 在通读全文，基本了解文章大意之后，就可以动手填空了。
填空的过程是一个判断空白处应填词语的“语义”（已给出词语的除外）和正确的语法“形式”的思维过程。
遇到一时想不起来的空，先跳过去，等检查时再仔细对付，不要用太多的时间停留在一个单词上。
三、验证复查 清除难点 有时间的话，进行复查是必要的。
复查的方法是：将所有答案“填进”短文并进行通读，以最后确定答案。
另外，一题多解也是此种题型常遇到的问题之一。
Part-1 Directions: Read the following two passages. Fill in each blank with one proper word or the proper form of the given word to make the passage coherent. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct. (A) There is a photo hanging above my desk. Whenever I look at that photograph, it takes me back to those early years 25 every new experience was important for me. I can still remember the shouts of the spectators as I 26 (go) out onto the sports field with my classmates. Two days 27 (early). I had qualified for the finals of the 100 metres. Now 28 (look) around, I was determined to win. While I was walking across to the start, I began to feel more and more nervous. I looked around and saw my proud parents waving enthusiastically. My heart was beating fast when I lined up with the other eager competitors. I look some deep breaths and waited for the signal. Then the starting signal 29 (give) and I set off down the track. I ran as fast as I could, not looking at anything but the finishing line. By the time I crossed the line, I I was was so exhausted that I 30 hardly breathe. As soon as I I heard heard the result 31 (announce), I realized I had won! Overjoyed, I collapsed on the soft grass with a broad smile on my face. “Well done!” said the Headmaster later, as I was presented with the winner ’s certificate. I had never felt so happy and proud in my life. (B) One of the first questions young children ask is “Why?” It It is is is human human nature to want 32 (find) out why things are the way they are. You can find out “Why Why”” by turning the question into a hypothesis (假设) for 33 experiment. 34 example, suppose you have been trying to grow tomato plants, but insects keep destroying 35 . Someone tells you that 36 (put) large strips of colored cloth around the plants will keep insects away. Your question might be “Do certain colours of cloth keep insects away?” Then you ’d begin your experiment. The first step would be to place different-colored strips of cloth around all of the plants except one. Then, as regular intervals, you would observe and record and note 37 the plant had any insect damage or not. This experiment may prove that the answer to your question is “No, it is not different-colored strips of cloth 38 keep away insects.” Or you may find that answer is “Yes, certain insects are (39)Part-2kept 25others, 26answer 27 ,only 28arrived 29“31 ’323435nothing I 37characterizations I 38busy 40Part-3(A)ThePart-4David. He kept 25 refuses to talk to others, 26 answer 27 , , and the answer He sat there, only 28 Usually, he arrived 29 needs someone someone 30 31 32 33 Some years ago, writing in my diary used to be a usual activity. I would return from school and 34 35 When I was thirteen years old, I went on a long journey on foot in a great valley, 36 37 the dull characterizations I 38 objects 39 of objects 40 40.preservingPart-5s visits 25 visits 26 “27 We know that good sleep is very 28 29 gifts in which 10 percent of the price you pay goes to a charity. Gift givers can choose from then 30 and then 31 charity from a list. When your mother gets the gift, she early 1980s, 32 visits 33 area. 34 Mountain area. 35 school from the town of Harlan, I followed a road shocking and the small shabby houses gave me the 36 classroom, I 37 a big smile that they were serving poke greens salad and cornbread me their latest projects. Dorothy told me with 38 39 is a a 40 Part-6kids in a rowboat 25 beyond the calm waters, a beach umbrella 26 27 water. The pair panicked and tried to row back to shore. But they were no match for I was trying 28 minutes 29 boat. He took over rowing, 30 Christian and Jack 31 32 road toward goals. I like this image. But it was quite by accident For years we made the long drive 33 fast, 34 But then Banner, our lamb was born. He was rejected by his mama days before our 35 is 36 That is breathless and 37 window, at baby pigs following their mother, or fish 38 39 road, everyone started quarreling. I stopped the car, ordered all kids out 40 available to anyone adventurous enough to wander around and made me realize that a detour Part-725 My name is Clara. I still remember that chilly December day, sitting in science class. I 26 at the computer, and typed 27 28 Five months later, my mom received a phone call, and immediately, a wide smile I 29 30 sky and the universe. I remember as a little girl, my grandmother and I much I didn‟t know about 31 . 32 We human beings do not just hole up in one place. We are constantly wondering and trying to find out The library is divided into different 33 . The upper floor is a quiet zone with over a thousand places for silent tables and chairs. The ground floor is the zone 34 are situated in the area 35 If you want to discuss freely 36 floor. Some study rooms are for 2-3 people and 37 There are 40 group-study rooms that 38 for students students 39 a lecture and 40 Part-825 26 love and popularity. I 27 In adulthood the things that bring deep joy. The 28 and had the house to myself. Then I spent an uninterrupted morning writing, 29 Psychologists tell us 30 31 , with so many choices and such pressure to succeed in every area, have turned happiness into 32 33 development of cancer of the lungs and the throat and is believed 34 35 smoking 36 cigarette smoking substances in 37 ) that 38 39 other possible factors and proving them to be statistically irrelevant. While ) tobacco 40 Part-9The trouble with you is 25 dentist came back from holiday, 26 If you come by right now,the 27 28 dentist would be so eager to treat someone at such short notice? 29 30 31 Although this might be excellent advice in matters 32 A loan is a sum of money borrowed for a 33 34 or from an institution such as a bank and is generally granted at a specific rate of interest. Interest is the fee 35 generally requires the borrower to register something 36 that a lender 37 38 There are two major sorts of loans: consumer loans and commercial loans. A consumer loan is 39 factory. The business of making loans also contributes to a healthy economy In a 40 Part-10Behavior 25 Social Behavior 26 The possible reason 27 28 of self” is much more likely to lead to depression romance too early. During growing up, 29 Parents 30 31 seems to become weak with age. Love will always make us feel young, 32 As we have seen, the focus of medical care in our society failure to exercise. The line of thought 33 34 nights but does not drive while drunk, 35 36 someone who is in excellent health and pays attention to the body‟s special needs.37 38 ) may be “well,” in this new sense,39 40 perhaps best be viewed not as a state that people can achieve, 37. BothPart-11Many children first learn the value of money 25 children learn from experience at an age 26 27 case, parents should make clear 28 , if anything, the child is expected to pay for with the money. object is is 29 30 Allowances give children a chance to experience the things they future. 31 Do you know how 32 neurons 33 34 35 Mirror neurons can undoubtedly be found all over our brains, but especially in the areas which researchers discovered 36 37 38 people with social and behavioral problems have mirror neurons which are not fully 39 40 relativity was for physics. And the next time you feel the urge to cough in the cinema when someone else 13 。
上海英语高考语法新题型(附答案)
上海英语高考语法新题型(附答案)高考英语（上海）语法新题型2014年上海高考英语新题型语法填空专练及解题技巧解“语法填空”题的一般步骤：一、浏览全文把握语篇浏览全文的目的是把握其大意，为下一步“填空”做好“语义”上的准备，因为“语义”决定着空白处应填一个什么意思的词语并采用什么样的语法形式。
在通读全文的过程中，为较好地把握其大意，很有必要弄清该文的体裁、题材（语题）、中心思想、写作主线、段落大意、段落层次等。
这些有利于考生真正读懂全文大意，也有利于在“填空”时进行必要的逻辑推理。
二、边读边填先易后难在通读全文，基本了解文章大意之后，就可以动手填空了。
填空的过程是一个判断空白处应填词语的“语义”（已给出词语的除外）和正确的语法“形式”的思维过程。
遇到一时想不起来的空，先跳过去，等检查时再仔细对付，不要用太多的时间停留在一个单词上。
三、验证复查清除难点有时间的话，进行复查是必要的。
复查的方法是：将所有答案“填进”短文并进行通读，以最后确定答案。
另外，一题多解也是此种题型常遇到的问题之一。
Directions: Read the following two passages. Fill in each blank with one proper word or the proper form of the given word to make the passage coherent. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.(A)There is a photo hanging above my desk. Whenever I look at that photograph, it takes me back to those early years 25 every new experience was important for me.I can still remember the shouts of the spectators as I 26 (go) out onto the sports field with my classmates. Two days 27 (early). I had qualified for the finals of the 100 metres. Now 28 (look)around, I was determined to win.While I was walking across to the start, I began to feel more and more nervous. I looked around and saw my proud parents waving enthusiastically. My heart was beating fast when I lined up with the other eager competitors. I look some deep breaths and waited for the signal. Then the starting signal 29 (give) and I set off down the track.I ran as fast as I could, not looking at anything but the finishing line. By the time I crossed the line, I was so exhausted that I 30 hardly breathe. As soon as I heard the result 31 (announce), I realized I had won! Overjoyed, I collapsed on the soft grass with a broad smile on my face.“Well done!”said the Headmaster later, as I was presented with the winner’s certificate. I had never felt so happy and proud in my life.(B)One of the first questions young children ask is “Why?”It is human nature to want 32 (find) out why things are the way they are. You can find out “Why”by turning the question into a hypothesis (假设) for 33 experiment.34 example, suppose you have been trying to grow tomato plants, but insects keep destroying35 . Someone tells you that 36 (put) large strips of colored cloth around the plants will keep insects away. Your question might be “Do certain colours of cloth keep insects away?”Then you’d begin your experiment. The first step would be to place different-colored strips of cloth around all of the plants except one. Then, as regular intervals, you would observe and record and note 37 the plant had any insect damage or not.This experiment may prove that the answer to your question is “No, it is not different-colored strips of cloth 38 keep away insects.”Or you may find that answer is “Yes, certain insects are kept away by blue cloth, but not yellow cloth.” ......39 you have found, you are well on your way to understanding how you can use scientific thinking to solve a problem in you own life.Keys: (A) 25. when 26. went 27. earlier 28. looking 29. was given 30. could 31. announced (B) 32. to find 33. an 34. For 35. them 36. putting 37. whether 38. that 39. WhateverRead the following passage. For some blanks, there is a word given in the brackets. Fill in each of these blanks with the proper form of the given word. Fill in the other blanks with words that are高考英语（上海）语法新题型correct in structure and proper in meaning.(A)One day, when I was working as a psychologist in England, an adolescent boy showed up in my office. It was David. He kept 25 (walk) up and down restlessly, his face pale, and his hands shaking slightly. His head teacher had referred him to me. “This boy has lost his family,”he wrote. “He is understandably very sad and refuses to talk to others,26 I’m very worried about him. Can you help?”I looked at David and showed him to a chair. How could I help him? There are problems psychology doesn’t have the answer 27 , and which no words can describe. Sometimes the best thing one can do is to listen openly and sympatheticallyThe first two times we met, David didn’t say a word. He sat there, only 28 (look) up to look at the children’s drawings on the wall behind me. I suggested we play a game of chess. He nodded. After that he played chess with me every Wednesday afternoon—in complete silence and without looking at me. It’s not easy to cheat in chess, but I admit I made sure David won once or twice.Usually, he arrived 29 than agreed, took the chess board and pieces from the shelf and began setting them up before I even got a chance to sit down. It seemed as if he enjoyed my company. But why did he never look at me?“Perhaps he simply needs someone 30 (share) his pain with,”I thought. “Perhaps he senses that I respect his suffering.”Some months later, when we were playing chess, he looked up at me suddenly.“31 ’s your turn,”he said.After that day, David started talking. He got friends in school and joined a bicycle club. He wrote to me a few times about his biking with some friends, and about his plan to get into university. Now he had really started to live his own life.Maybe I gave David something. But I also learned that one—without any words—can reach out to32 person. All it takes is a hug, a shoulder to cry on, a friendly touch, and an ear that listens(B)Some years ago, writing in my diary used to be a usual activity. I would return from school and 33 (spend) the expected half hour recording the day’s events, feelings, and impressions in my little blue diary. I did not really need to express my emotions by way of words, but I gained a certain satisfaction from seeing my experiences forever 34 (record) on paper. After all, isn’t accumulating memories a way高考英语（上海）语法新题型of preserving the past?When I was thirteen years old, I went on a long journey on foot in a great valley, 35 (well-equip) with pens, a diary, and a camera. During the trip, I was busy recording every incident, name and place I came across. I felt proud to be spending my time 36 (productive), dutifully preserving for future generations a detailed description of my travels. On my last night there, I wandered out of my tent, diary in hand. The sky was clear and lit by the glare of the moon, and the walls of the valley looked threatening behind their screen of shadows. I automatically took out my pen….At that point, I understood that nothing I 37 (write) could ever match or replace the few seconds I allowed myself to experience the dramatic beauty of the valley. All I remembered of the previous few days were the dull characterizations I 38 (set) down in my diary.Now, I only write in my diary when I need to write down a special thought or feeling. I still love to record ideas and quotations that strike me in books, or observations that are particularly meaningful. I take pictures, but not very often—only of objects 39 I find really beautiful. I’m no longer blindly satisfied with having something to remember when I grow old.I realize that life will simply pass me by if I stay behind the camera, busy 40 (preserve) the present so as to live it in the future.I don’t want to wake up one day and have nothing but a pile of pictures and notes. Maybe I won’t have as many exact representations of people and places; maybe I’ll forget certain facts, but at least the experiences will always remain inside me. I don’t live to make memories—I just live, and the memories form themselves.Key:25. walking 26. and 27. to28. looking 29. earlier 30. to share 31. It32. another33. spend 34. recorded35. well-equipped36. productively 37.39. which / that 40. preservingDirections: Read the following two passages. Fill in each blank with one proper word or the proper form of the given word to make the passage coherent. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.高考英语（上海）语法新题型(A)The US government has set several rules and guidelines in place ____25_____(protect) us from eating potentially harmful foods. Several dishes _____26_____(consider) real delicacies in other parts of the world, ____27______haggis in Scotland or fugu (puffer fish) in Japan, are banned from the U.S. food market because of potential health risks. But looking at the issue from a reversed angle, there are actually several common foods eaten in America that are banned in other parts of the world.The shocking truth is that many of our favorite foods, like boxed mac and cheese and yogurt, include ingredients____28______ other countries have established as potentially harmful for health, and therefore are banned. Clearly, mac and cheese on its own isn't poisonous in any way, but the yellow food colorings #5 and #6 have been shown to cause hypersensitivity (过敏) in children, and are therefore banned in countries including Norway, Finland, and Australia. ___29_____yogurt and other milk products, it is the rBGH and rBST that some countries are concerned with --- these growth hormones ____30_______(ban) in several regions including the European Union, Canada, and Japan ___31______their potentially dangerous impacts on the health of both humans and cows.Key:25.To protect26.considered27.like 28.that29.For 30.are banned 31.because of(B)How many times have you let your basic contact lens hygiene slide, not doing things like washing your hands before ___32_____(handle) your lenses, using tap water _____33______saline solution(盐水溶液) or sleeping in your lenses?During a busy week __34_____work, a woman named Erin was out of contact lens solution but didn't have time to buy any, so she used tap water ____35_____(store)her contact lenses.That would soon prove to be a mistake: She contracted a rare amoeba(阿米巴，变形虫) infection____36_______ began to attack her cornea(眼角膜)."The pain was extreme," she told Dr. Travis Stork on The Doctors. She went to the ER, where doctors thought she had a simple eye infection and prescribed her a steroid(类固醇)._____37_______, after the pain still did not go away, she visited an optometrist who ____38_______( realize)that she had an amoeba infection."The steroid was, in fact, hiding the infection,"高考英语（上海）语法新题型she said. "It was keeping my sight but it was actually feeding the amoeba, via the steroid, making ___39___stronger."Stork noted that steroids can actually be harmful in cases like this, because they make it harder for the body to fight off the infection.Key:32.handling33.instead of 34.at 35.to store 36.that 37.However 38.realized 39.itDirections: Read the following two passages. Fill ineach blank with one proper word or the proper formof the given word to make the passage coherent.Make sure that your answers are grammaticallycorrect.(A)One day, when I was working as a psychologist in England, an adolescent boy showed up in my office. It was David. He kept 25 (walk) up and down restlessly, his face pale, and his hands shaking slightly. His head teacher had referred him to me. “This boy has lost his family,”he wrote. “He is understandably very sad and refuses to talk to others, 26 I’m very worried about him. Can you help?”I looked at David and showed him to a chair. How could I help him? There are problems psychology doesn’t have the answer 27 , and which no words can describe. Sometimes the best thing one can do is to listen openly and sympatheticallyThe fir st two times we met, David didn’t say a word. He sat there, only 28 (look) up to look at the childre n’s drawings on the wall behind me. I suggested we play a game of chess. He nodded. After that he played chess with me every Wednesday afternoon—in complete silenc e and without looking at me. It’s not easy to cheat in chess, but I admit I made sure David won once or twice.Usually, he arrived 29 than agreed, took the chess board and pieces from the shelf and began setting them up before I even got a chance to sit down. It seemed as if he enjoyed my company. But why did he never look at me?“Perhaps he simply needs someone 30 (share) his pain with,”I thought. “Perhaps he senses that I respect his suffering.” Some months later, when we were高考英语（上海）语法新题型playing chess, he looked up at me suddenly.“31 is your turn,” he said.After that day, David started talking. He got friends in school and joined a bicycle club. He wrote to me a few times about his biking with some friends, and about his plan to get into university. Now he had really started to live his own life.Maybe I gave David something. But I also learned that one—without any words—can reach out to32 person. All it takes is a hug, a shoulder to cry on,a friendly touch, and an ear that listensKey:25. walking 26. and 27. to28. looking29. earlier30. to share31. It 32. another(B)Some years ago, writing in my diary used to be a usual activity. I would return from school and 33 (spend) the expected half hour recording the day’s events, feelings, and impressions in my little blue diary. I did not really need to express my emotions by way of words, but I gained a certain satisfaction from seeing my experiences forever 34 (record) on paper. After all, i sn’t accumulating memories a way of preserving the past?When I was thirteen years old, I went on a long journey on foot in a great valley, 35 (well-equip) with pens, a diary, and a camera. During the trip, I was busy recording every incident, name and place I came across. I felt proud to be spending my time productively, dutifully preserving for future generations a36 (detail) description of my travels. On my last night there, I wandered out of my tent, diary in hand. The sky was clear and lit by the glare of the moon, and the walls of the valley looked threatening behind their screen of shadows. I automatically took out my pen….At that point, I understood that nothing I 37 (write) could ever match or replace the few seconds I allowed myself to experience the dramatic beauty of the valley. All I remembered of the previous few days were the dull characterizations I 38 (set) down in my diary.Now, I only write in my diary when I need to write down a special thought or feeling. I still love to record ideas and quotations that strike me in books, or observations that are particularly meaningful. I take pictures, but not very often—only of objects 39 I find really beautiful. I’m no longer blindly satisfied with having something to remember when I grow old. I realize that life will simply pass me by if I stay behind the camera, busy 40 (preserve) the present so as to live it in the future.I don’t want to wake up one day and have nothing but a pile of pictures and notes. Maybe I won’t高考英语（上海）语法新题型have as many exact representations of people and places; maybe I’ll forget certain facts, but at least the experiences will always remain inside me. I don’t live to make memories—I just live, and the memories form themselves.Key:33. spend 34. recorded35. well-equipped36. detailed39. which / that 40.preservingDirections: Read the following two passages. Fill in each blank with one proper word or the proper form of the given word to make the passage coherent. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.(A)Low-Cost Gifts for Mother’s DayGift No. IOffer to be your mother’s health friend. Promise to be there for any and all doctor’s visits 25 a disease or a regular medical check-up. Most mothers always say “no need,” another set of eyes and ears is always a good idea at a doctor’s visit. The best part? This one is free. Gift No. 2Help your mother organize all of her medical records, 26 include the test results and medical information. Put them all in one place. Be sure to make a list of all of her medicines and what times she takes them. “27 (have) all this information in one place could end up saving your mo ther’s life,”Dr. Marie Savard said.Gift No. 3Enough sleep is connected to general health conditions. “Buy your mother cotton sheets and comfortable pillows to encourage better sleep,”Savard said. “We know that good sleep is very 28 to our health.”Gift No. 4Some gift companies such as Presents for Purpose allow you to pay it forward this Moth er’s Day by picking gifts in which 10 percent of the price you pay goes to a charity. Gift givers can choose from 29wide variety of useful but inexpensive things—many of which are “green”—and then 30 a meaningful高考英语（上海）语法新题型charity from a list. When your mother gets the gift, she 31 (tell) that she has helped the chosen charity. Key:25. whether 26. which 27. Having 28. important 29. a30. choose 31. will be told(B)In my living room, there is a plaque(匾) that advises me to “Bloom where you are planted.”It reminds me of Dorothy. I got to know Dorothy in the early 1980s, 32 I was teaching Early Childhood Development through a program with Union College in Barbourville, Kentucky. The job responsibilities required occasional visits 33 the classroom of each teacher in the program. Dorothy stands out in my memory as one who “bloomed” in her remote area.Dorothy taught in a school in Harlan County, Kentucky, Appalachian Mountain area. 34 (get) to her school from the town of Harlan, I followed a road 35 (wind) around the mountain. In the eight-mile journey, I crossed the same railroad track five times, giving the possibility of getting caught by the same train five times. Rather than feeling excited by this drive through the mountains, I found it depressing. The poverty level was shocking and the small shabby houses gave me the 36 (great) feeling of hopelessness.From the moment of my arrival at the little school, all gloom(忧郁) disappeared. Upon arriving at Dorothy’s classroom, I 37 (greet) with smiling faces and treated like a queen. The children had been prepared to show me their latest projects. Dorothy told me with a big smile that they were serving poke greens salad and cornbread for “d inner” (lunch). In case you don’t know, poke greens are a weed-type plant38 grows wild, especially on poor ground. Dorothy never ran out of reports of exciting activities of her students. Her enthusiasm never cooled down. When it came time to sit for the testing and interviewing required to receive her Child Development Associate Certification, Dorothy was ready. She came to the assessment and passed in all areas. Afterward, she 39 (invite) me to the one-and-only steak house in the area to celebrate her victory, as if she had received her Ph.D. degree. After the meal, she placed a little box containing an old pen in my hand. She said it was a family heirloom (传家宝), but to me it is a 40 (treasure) symbol of appreciation and pride that cannot be matched with things.Key:32. when 33. to 34. To get 35. winding36. greatest37. was greeted 38. that 39. invited 40. treasured高考英语（上海）语法新题型Part-6Directions: Read the following two passages. Fill in each blank with one proper word or the proper form of the given word to make the passage coherent. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.(A)On a sunny day last August, Tim heard some shouting. Looking out to the sea carefully, he saw a couple of kids in a rowboat 25 (pull) out to sea.Two 2-year-old boys, Christian and Jack, rowed out a boat to search for a football. Once they’d ro wed beyond the calm waters, a beach umbrella 26 (tie) to the boat caught the wind and pulled the boat into open water. The pair panicked and tried to row back to shore. But they were no match for 27and the boat was out of control.Tim knew it would soon be swallowed by the waves.“Everything went quiet in my head,” Tim recalls. “I was trying 28 (figure) out how to swim to the boys in a straight line.”Tim took off his clothes and jumped into the water. Every 500 yards or so, he raised his head to judge his progress. “At one point, I considered turning back,” he says. “I wondered if I was putting my life at risk.” After 30 minutes 29 struggling, he was close to yell to the boys, “Take down the umbrella!”Christian made much effort to take down the umbrella. Then Tim was able to catch up and climb aboard the boat. He took over rowing, 30 the waves were almost too strong for him.“Let’s aim for the pier(码头),”Jack said. Tim turned the boat toward it. Soon afterward, waves crashed over the boat, and it began to sink. “Can you guys swim?” he cried. “A little bit,” the boys said.Once they were in the water, Tim decided it would be safer and faster for him to pull the boys toward the pier. Christian and Jack 31 (wear) life jackets and floated on their backs. Tim swam toward land as water washed over the boys’ faces.“Are we almost there?” they asked again and again. “Yes,” Tim told them each time.After 30 minutes, they reached the pier.Key:25. were being pulled 26. tied 27. it28. to figure 29. of30. but 31. were wearing高考英语（上海）语法新题型(B)Poet William Stafford once said that we are defined more by the detours (绕行路) in life than by the narrow road toward goals. I like this image. But it was quite by accident 32 I discovered the deep meaning of his words.For years we made the long drive 33 our home in Seattle to my parents’home in Boise in nine hours. We traveled the way most people do: the fastest, shortest, easiest road, especially when I was alone with four noisy, restless kids who hate confinement(限制) and have strong opinions about everything.Road trips felt risky, so I would drive fast, 34 (stop) only when 1 had to. We would stick to the freeways and arrive tired.But then Banner, our lamb was born. He was rejected by his mama days before our 35 (plan) trip to Boise. I had two choices: leave Banner with my husband, or take him with me. My husband made the decision for me.That is 36 I found myself on the road with four kids, a baby lamb and nothing but my everlasting optimism to see me through. We took the country roads out of necessity. We had to stop every hour, let Banner shake out his legs and feed him. The kids chased him and one another. They’d get back in the carbreathless and 37 (energize), smelling fresh from the cold air.We explored side roads, catching grasshoppers in waist-high grass. Even if we simply looked out of the car window, at baby pigs following their mother, or fish 38 (leap) out of the water, it was better than the best ride down the freeway. Here was life. And new horizons.We e ventually arrived at my parents’doorstep astonishingly fresh and full of stories.I grew brave with the trip back home and creative with my disciplining technique. On an empty section of road, everyone started quarreling. I stopped the car, ordered all kids out 39 told them to meet me up ahead. I parked my car half a mile away and read my book in sweet silence.Some road trips are by necessity fast and straight. But that trip with Banner opened our eyes to a world available to anyone adventurous enough to wander around and made me realize that a detour 40 uncover the best part of a journey—and the best part of yourself.Key:32. that 33. from 34. stopping 35. planned 36. how37. energized 38. leaping 39. and 40. may高考英语（上海）语法新题型Directions: Read the following two passages. Fill in each blank with one proper word or the proper form of the given word to make the passage coherent. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.(A)My name is Clara. I still remember that chilly December day, sitting in science class. I 25 (finish) a worksheet early and picked up a TIME for Kids magazine. A piece of news caught my eye: NASA was holding 26 essay contest to name its Mars rover(火星探测器).Before I even knew anything else about it, a single word flooded my 11-year-old mind, Curiosity.I couldn’t wa it for the bell to ring so I could get started on my essay. That afternoon, I raced home, sat down at the computer, and typed 27 my fingers ached. “Curiosity is an everlasting flame that burns in everyone’s mind...”F ive months later, my mom received a phone call, and immediately, a wide smile 28 (spread) across her face.O n August 5,2012, at 10:31 p.m., the rover named Curiosity touched down safely on the surface of Mars, and I 29 (honour) to have a front-row seat in NASA.C uriosity is such an important part of who I am. I have always been fascinated by the stars, the planets, the sky and the universe. I remember as a little girl, my grandmother and I 30 sit together in the backyard for hours. She’d tell me stories and point out the stars. Grandma lived in China, thousands of miles away from my home in Kansas, but the stars kept us together even when we were apart. They were always there, yet there was so much I didn’t know about 31 . That’s what I love so much about space.P eople often ask me why we go to faraway places like Mares. My answer is simple because we’re curious. We human beings do not just hole up in one place. We are constantly wondering and trying to find out 32 is over the hill and beyond the horizon.Key:25. had finished 26. an 27. until 28.高考英语（上海）语法新题型spread 29. was honoured30. would 31. them 32. what(B)Guide to Stockholm University LibraryOur library offers different types of studying places and provides a good studying environment.ZonesThe library is divided into different 33 . The upper floor is a quiet zone with over a thousand places for silent reading, and places where you can sit and work with your own computer. The reading places consist mostly of tables and chairs. The ground floor is the zone 34 you can talk. Here you can find sofas and armchairs for group work.ComputersYou can use your own computer to connect to the wi-fi specially prepared for notebook computers, and you can also use library computers, which contain the most commonly used applications, such as Microsoft Office. They are situated in the area 35 (know) as the Experimental Field on the ground floor.Group-study placesIf you want to discuss freely 36 disturbing others, you can book a study room or sit at a table on the ground floor. Some study rooms are for 2-3 people and 37 can hold up to 6-8 people. All rooms are marked on the library maps.There are 40 group-study rooms that 38 be booked via the website. To book, you need an active University account and a valid University card. You can use a room three hours per day, nine hours at most per week.Storage of Study MaterialThe library has lockers for students 39 (store) course literature. When you have obtained at least 40 credits(学分), you may rent a locker and pay 400 SEK for a year’s rental period.Rules to be FollowedMobile phone conversations are not permitted anywhere in the library. Keep your phone on silent as if you were in a lecture and 40 (exit) the library if you need to receive calls.Please note that food and fruit are forbidden in the library, but you are allowed to have drinks and sweets with you.Key:33. zones 34. where 35. known 36. without 37. others38. must 39. to store 40. exit高考英语（上海）语法新题型Directions: Read the following two passages. Fill in each blank with one proper word or the proper form of the given word to make the passage coherent. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.(A)When 25 (ask) about happiness, we usually think of something extraordinary, an absolute delight, which seems to get rarer the older we get.F or kids, happiness has a magical quality. Their delight at winning a race or getting a new bike26 unreserved (毫不掩饰的).In the teenage years the concept of happiness changes. Suddenly it’s conditional on such things as excitement, love and popularity. I 27 still recall the excitement of being invited to dance with the most attractive boy at the school party.I n adulthood the things that bring deep joy—love, marriage, birth—also bring responsibility and the risk of loss. For adults, happiness is complicated.M y definition of happiness is “the capacity for enjoyment”. The 28 we can enjoy what we have, the happier we are. It’s easy to overlook the pleasure we get from the company of friends, the freedom to live where we please, and even good health.I experienced my little moments of pleasure yesterday. First I was overjoyed when I shut the last lunch-box and had the house to myself. Then I spent an uninterrupted morning writing, 29 I love. When the kids and my husband came home, I enjoyed their noise after the quiet of the day.P sychologists tell us 30 to be happy we need a mix of enjoyable leisure time and satisfying work. I don’t think that my grandmother,who raised 14 children, had much of either. She did have a network of close friends and family, and maybe this is what satisfied her.W e, 31 , with so many choices and such pressure to succeed in every area, have turned happiness into one more thing we’ve got to have.We’re so self-conscious about our “right” to it that it’s making us miserable. So we chase it and equal it with wealth and success, without。
2014年6月8日上海市全国各地高考英语试题及详细解析
2014年上海市全国各地高考英语试题及详细解析I.ListeningComprehension1.(1分)A.A policewoman. B.A judge. C.A reporter. D.A waitress.2.(1分)A.Confident. B.Puzzled. C.Satisfied. D.Worried.3.(1分)A.At a restaurant. B.At a car rental agency. C.In a bank. D.In a driving school.4.(1分)A.A disaster. B.A new roof. C.A performance. D.A TV station.5.(1分)A.Catch the train. B.Meet Jane. C.Get some stationery. D.Clean the backyard.6.(1分)A.Ask for something cheaper.B.Buy the vase she really likes.C.Protect herself from being hurt.D.Bargain with the shop assistant.7.(1分)e a computer in the lab.B.Take a chemistry course.C.Help him revise his report.D.Get her computer repaired.8.(1分)A.Amused. B.Embarrassed. C.Shocked. D.Sympathetic.9.(1分)A.She doesn't plan to continue studying next year.B.She has already told the man about her plan.C.She isn't planning to leave her university.D.She recently visited a different university.10.(1分)A.It spoke highly of the mayor.B.It misinterpreted the mayor's speech.C.It made the mayor's view clearer.D.It carried the mayor's speech accurately.11.(3分)Questions 11through 13are based on the following passage.11.A.70. B.20. C.25. D.75.12.A.The houses there can't be sold.B.It is a place for work and holiday.C.The cabins and facilities are shared.D.It is run by the residents themselves.13.A.A skiing resort.B.A special community.C.A splendid mountain.D.A successful businesswoman.14.(3分)Questions 14through 16are based on the following news.14.A.Those who often sent text messages.B.Those who suffered from heart disease.C.Those who did no physical exercise.D.Those who were unmarried.15.A.They responded more slowly than usual.B.They sent more messages.C.They typed 10percent faster on average.D.They edited more passages.16.A.Why chemical therapy works.B.Why marriage helps fight cancer.C.How unmarried people survive cancer.D.How cancer is detected after marriage.17.(4分)Directions：In Section C,you will hear two longer conversations.The conversations will be read twice.After you hear each conversation,you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard.Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17through 20are based on the following conversation.Complete the form.Write ONE WORD for each answer.21.(4分)Blanks 21through 24are based on the following conversation.Complete the form.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections：Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgram maticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformof thegivenword；fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.25.My stay in New YorkAfter graduation from university,I had been unable to secure a permanent job in my small town.So I decided to leave home for New York,(25)I might have a better chance to find a good job.(26)(earn) some money to pay the daily expenses,I started work in a local café as a waiter.I believed that (27)I was offered a good position,I would resign at once.Over time,the high cost of living became a little burden on my already (28) (exhaust) shoulders.On the other hand,my search for a respectable job had not met with much success.As I had studied literature at university,I found it quite difficult to secure a suitable job in big companies.Mother had said that (29)I wanted to have a better career advancement,I had to find work in the city.Perhaps,(30)mymother had told me was deeply rooted in my mind.I just did as she had expected. Soon I had lived in the city for over six months but I still did not like it.Apparently,I had difficulty (31)(adapt) myself to life in the city,let alone finding a job to my delight.After nine months of frustration.I eventually decided to go back to my small town.Not until I returned (32)I realise that a quiet town life was the best for me.33.The giant vending machine(自动售货机)is a new village shopVillagers have long been used to facing a drive when they run out of basic supplies.However,help is now nearer at hand in the form of the country's first automatic push﹣button shop.Now residents in the Derbyshire village of Clifton can buy groceries around the clock after the huge vending was installed outside a pub in the village this week.Peter Fox,who is (33)electrical engineer,spent two and a half years working on the project.The machine (34)(equip) with security cameras and alarms,and looks like a mini shop with a brick front,a grey roof and a display window.Mr.Fox said he hoped his invention,(35)is set to be installed in other villages in the area over the coming months,will mark a return to convenience shopping for rural communities.He said："I had this idea a few years ago but I couldn't find a manufacturer who could deliver what I wanted,so I did it by (36).The result is what amounts to a huge outdoor vending machine.Yet I think the term automatic shop is far (37) (appropriate)."In recent years,the commercial pressure from supermarket chains (38)(force) village shops across the country to close.In 2010,it was estimated that about 400village shops closed,(39)(urge) the local government to give financial support to struggling shops or set﹣up new community stores.Hundreds of communities have since stepped in and opened up their own volunteer﹣run shops,but Mr.Fox hopes his new invention will offer a solution (40) those villages without a local shop.SectionBDirections：Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedo nce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.41.A.alert B.classify mit D.delicately E.gentle F.imposebels H.moderation I.relieve J.signals K.simplyLet's say you've decided you want to eat more healthfully.However,you don't have time to carefully plan menus for meals or read food(41)at the supermarket.Since you really (42)yourself to a healthier lifestyle,a little help would come in handy,wouldn't it？This is where a"choice architect"can help (43) some of the burden of doing it all yourself.Choice architects are people who organize the contexts in which customers make decisions.For example,the person who decides the layout of your local supermarket﹣including which shelf the peanut butter goes on,and how the oranges are piled up﹣is a choice architect.Governments don't have to (44)healthier lifestyles through laws for example,smoking bans.Rather,if given an environment created by a choice architect ﹣one that encourages us to choose what is best﹣we will do the right things.In other words,there will be designs that gently push customers toward making healthier choices,without removing freedom of choice.This idea combines freedom to choose with (45)hints from choice architects,who aim to help people live longer,healthier,and happier lives.The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so﹣called"traffic light system"to (46)foods as healthy or unhealthy.This means that customers can see at a glance how much fat,sugar,and salt each product contains (47)by looking at the lights on the package.A green light(48)that the amounts of the three nutrients are healthy；yellow indicates that the customer should be (49)；and red means that the food is high in at least one of the three nutrients and should be eaten in(50).The customer is given important health information,but is still free to decide what to choose.III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections：ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD. Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.51.Research has shown that two﹣thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day,not heated debates about films we've just watched or books we've just finished reading,but plain and simple(51).Language is our greatest treasure as a species,and what do we(52)do with it？We gossip.About others'behaviour and private lives,such as who's doing what with whom,who's in and who's out﹣and why；how to deal with difficult(53) situations involving children,lovers,and colleagues.So why are we keen on gossiping？Are we just natural(54),of both time and words？Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life？It's not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar.In fact,in his latest book,Grooming,Gossip and the Evolution of Language,the psychologist says gossip is one of these really(55)issues.Dunbar(56)the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively,or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural.Instead he suggests that language evolved among women.We don't spend two﹣thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk,argues Dunbar﹣(57),he goes on to say,language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip.Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the(58)of the higher primates(灵长类动物)like monkeys.By means of grooming﹣﹣cleaning the fur by brushing it,monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or(59)from outside it.As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family,Dunbar (60)that at one time in our history we did much the same.Grouping togethermade sense because the bigger the group,the greater the (61)it provided；on the other hand,the bigger the group,the greater the stresses of living close to others.Grooming helped to (62)the pressure and calm everybody down.But as the groups got bigger and bigger,the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be(63)to maintain its effectiveness.Clearly,a more (64) kind of grooming was needed,and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal(有声的)grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever﹣larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one﹣to﹣one (65)contact.51.A.claim B.description C.gossip nguage52.A.occasionally B.habitually C.independently D.originally53.A.social B.political C.historical D.cultural54.A.admirers B.masters ers D.wasters55.A.vital B.sensitive C.ideal D.difficult56.A.confirms B.rejects C.outlines D.broadens57.A.for instance B.in addition C.on the contrary D.as aresult58.A.motivation B.appearance C.emotion D.behaviour59.A.attack B.contact C.inspection D.assistance60.A.recalls B.denies C.concludes D.confesses61.A.prospect B.responsibility C.leadership D.protection62.A.measure B.show C.maintain D.ease63.A.saved B.extended C.consumed D.gainedmon B.efficient C.scientific D.thoughtful65.A.indirect B.daily C.physical D.secretSectionBDirections：Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinis hedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheon ethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.66. Most people agree that honesty is a good thing.But does Mother Nature agree？Animals can't talk,but can they lie in other ways？Can they lie with their bodies and behavior？Animal experts may not call it lying,but they do agree that many animals,from birds to chimpanzees,behave dishonestly to fool other animals.Why？Dishonesty often helps them survive.Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other animals.For example,a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young.When a predator(猎食动物)gets close to its nest,the plover leads the predator away from the nest.How？It pretends to have a broken wing.The predator follows the"hurt"adult,leaving the baby birds safe in the nest.Another kind of bird,the scrub jay,buries its food so it always has something to eat.Scrub jays are also thieves.They watch where others bury their food and steal it.But clever scrub jays seem to know when a thief is watching them.So they go back later,unbury the food,and bury it again somewhere else.Birds called cuckoos have found a way to have babies without doing much work.How？They don't make nests.Instead,they get into other birds'nests secretly.Then they lay their eggs and fly away.When the baby birds come out,their adoptive parents feed them.Chimpanzees,or chimps,can also be sneaky.After a fight,the losing chimp will give its hand to the other.When the winning chimp puts out its hand,too,the chimps are friendly again.But an animal expert once saw a losing chimp take the winner's handand start fighting again.Chimps are sneaky in other ways,too.When chimps find food that they love,such as bananas,it is natural for them to cry out.Then other chimps come running.But some clever chimps learn to cry very softly when they find food.That way,other chimps don't hear them,and they don't need to share their food.As children,many of us learn the saying"You can't fool Mother Nature."But maybe you can't trust her,either.66.A plover protects its young from a predator by.A.getting closer to its youngB.driving away the adult predatorC.leaving its young in another nestD.pretending to be injured67.By"Chimpanzees,or chimps,can also be sneaky"(paragraph 5),the author means.A.chimps are ready to attack othersB.chimps are sometimes dishonestC.chimps are jealous of the winnersD.chimps can be selfish too68.Which of the following is true according to the passage？.A.Some chimps lower their cry to keep food away from others.B.The losing chimp won the fight by taking the winner's hand.C.Cuckoos fool their adoptive parents by making no nests.D.Some clever scrub jays often steal their food back.69.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage？.A.Do animals lie？B.Does Mother Nature fool animals？C.How do animals learn to lie？D.How does honesty help animals survive？70.Let's say you want to hit the gym more regularly this year.How do you make that happen？Consider putting the habit loop to use.Here's how it works：A habit is a 3﹣step process.First,there's a cue,something that tells your brain to operate automatically.Then there's a routine.And finally,a reward,which helps your brain learn to desire the behavior.It's what you can use to create﹣or break﹣habits of your own.Here's how to apply it：Choose a cue,like leaving your running shoes by the door,then pick.a reward﹣say,a piece of chocolate when you get home from the gym.That way,the cue and the reward become interconnected.Finally,when you see the shoes,your brain will start longing for the reward,which will make it easier to work out day after day.The best part？In a couple of weeks,you won't need the chocolate at all.Your brain will come to see the workout itself as the reward.Which is the whole point,right？70.Which of the following best fits in the box with a"？"in THE HABIT LOOP？.A.Pick a new cue.B.Form a new habit.C.Choose a new reward.D.Design a new resolution.71.According to THE HABIT LOOP,you can stick to your plan most effectively by.A.changing the routineB.trying it for a weekC.adjusting your goalD.writing it down72.What's the purpose of putting the habit loop to use？.A.To test out different kinds of cues.B.To do something as a habit even without rewards.C.To work out the best New Year's resolution.D.To motivate yourself with satisfactory rewards.73."This year when I see the Harry Potter poster,I will read 30pages of an English novel or an English newspaper in order to watch TV for half an hour."What is the cue in this resolution？.A.The Harry Potter poster.B.Reading 30pages of an English novel.C.An English newspaper.D.Watching TV for half an hour.74.If you could be anybody in the world,who would it be？Your neighbour or a super star？A few people have experienced what it might be like to step into the skin of another person,thanks to an unusual virtual reality(虚拟现实)device.Rikke Wahl,an actress,model and artist,was one of the participants in a body swapping experiment at the Be Another lab,a project developed by a group of artists based in Barcelona.She swapped with her partner,an actor,using a machine called The Machine to Be Another and temporarily became a man."As I looked down,I saw my whole body as a man,dressed in my partner's pants,"she said."That's the picture I remember best."The set﹣up is relatively simple.Both users wear a virtual reality headset with a camera on the top.The video from each camera is sent to the other person,so what you see is the exact view of your partner.If she moves her arm,you see it.If you move your arm,she sees it.To get used to seeing another person's body without actually having control of it,participants start by raising their arms and legs very slowly,so that the other can follow along.Eventually,this kind of slow synchronised(同步的)movement becomes comfortable,and participants really start to feel as though they are living in another person's body.Using such technology promises to alter people's behaviour afterwards﹣potentially for the better.Studies have shown that virtual reality can be effective in fighting racism﹣the bias(偏见)that humans have against those who don't look or sound like them.Researchers at the University of Barcelona gave people a questionnaire called the Implicit Association Test,which measures the strength of people's associations between,for instance,black people and adjectives such as good,bad,athletic or awkward.Then they asked them to control the body of a dark skinned digital character using virtual reality glasses,before taking the test again.This time,the participants'bias scores were lower.The idea is that once you've"put yourself in another's shoes"you're less likely to think ill of them,because your brain has internalised the feeling of being that person.The creators of The Machine to Be Another hope to achieve a similar result."At the end of body swapping,people feel like holding each other in their arms,"says Arthur Pointeau,a programmer with the project."It's a really nice way to have this kind of experience.I would really,really recommend it to everyone."74.The word"swapping"(paragraph 1)is closest in meaning to.A.buildingB.exchangingC.controllingD.transplanting75.We can infer from the experiment at the Be Another lab that.A.our feelings are related to our bodily experienceB.we can learn to take control of other people's bodiesC.participants will live more passionately after the experimentD.The Machine to Be Another can help people change their sexes76.In the Implicit Association Test,before the participants used virtual reality glasses to control a dark skinned digital character,.A.they fought strongly against racismB.they scored lower on the test for racismC.they changed their behaviour dramaticallyD.they were more biased against those unlike them77.It can be concluded from the passage that.A.technology helps people realize their dreamsB.our biases could be eliminated through experimentsC.virtual reality helps promote understanding among peopleD.our points of view about others need changing constantly.SectionCDirections：Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthef ewestpossiblewords.78.More and more corporations are taking an interest in corporate social responsibility (CSR).CSR is made up of three broad layers.The most basic is traditional corporate charity panies typically spend about 1% of pre﹣tax profits on worthy projects.But many feel that simply writing cheques to charities is no longer enough.In some companies,shareholders want to know that their money is being put to good use,and employees want to be actively involved in good works.Money alone is not the answer when companies come under attack for their behavior.Hence the second layer of CSR,which is a branch of risk management.Starting in the 1980s,with environmental disasters such as the explosion at Bhopal and the Exxon Valdez oil spill,industry after industry has suffered blows to its reputation.So,companies often responded by trying to manage the risks.They talk to non﹣governmental organisations (NGOs) and to governments,create codes of conduct(行为准则) and devote themselves to more transparency(透明)in their operations.Increasingly,too.they,along with their competitors,set common rules to spread risks.All this is largely defensive,but there are also opportunities for those that get ahead of the game.The emphasis on opportunity is the third layer of CSR：the idea that it can help to create value.If approached in a strategic way,CSR could become part of a company's competitive advantage.That is just the sort of thing chief executives like to hear.The idea of"doing well by doing good"has become popular. Nevertheless,the business of trying to be good is bringing difficult questions toexecutives.Can you measure CSR performance？Should you be cooperating with NGOs and you're your competitors？Is there any really competitive advantage to be had from a green strategy？Corporate social responsibility is now seen as a mainstream.Big companies want to tell the world about their good citizenship with their devotion to social responsibilities.Done badly,CSR is often just window﹣dressing and can be positively harmful.Done well,though,it is not some separate activity that companies do on the side,a corner of corporate life reserved for virtue(美德)：it is just good business. (Note：Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)78.Both in some companies find it no longer enough to simply donate money to charities.79.Give one example of the defensive measures of risk management according to the passage.80.With the emphasis on opportunity,the third layer of CSR is meant to.81.According to the passage,"good business"(paragraph 6)means that corporations while making profits.第II卷(共47分)I.TranslationDirections：TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.82.我习惯睡前听点轻音乐.(accustomed)83.将来过怎样的生活取决于你自己.(be up to)84.没有什么比获准参加太空旅行项目更令人兴奋的了.(than)85.家长嘱咐孩子别在河边嬉戏,以免遭遇不测.(for fear)86.虽然现代社会物资丰富,给予消费者更多的选择,但也使不少人变成购物狂.(turn)II.GuidedWritingDirections：WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.87.学校英语报正在酝酿改版,拟从现有的三个栏目(健康、娱乐、文化)中去除一个,并从三个备选栏目(时尚、职业规划、读者反馈)中挑选一个纳入该报.假设你是该校学生程飞,给校报编辑写一封电子邮件,表达你的观点.邮件须包括以下内容：1.你建议去除的栏目及去除的理由；2.你建议增加的栏目及增加的理由.2014年上海市全国各地高考英语试题及详细解析参考答案与试题解析I.ListeningComprehension1.(1分)(2014•上海)A.A policewoman. B.A judge. C.A reporter. D.A waitress.2.(1分)(2014•上海)A.Confident. B.Puzzled. C.Satisfied. D.Worried.3.(1分)(2014•上海)A.At a restaurant. B.At a car rental agency. C.In a bank.D.In a driving school.4.(1分)(2014•上海)A.A disaster. B.A new roof. C.A performance. D.A TV station.5.(1分)(2014•上海)A.Catch the train. B.Meet Jane. C.Get some stationery.D.Clean the backyard.6.(1分)(2014•上海)A.Ask for something cheaper.B.Buy the vase she really likes.C.Protect herself from being hurt.D.Bargain with the shop assistant.7.(1分)(2014•上海)e a computer in the lab.B.Take a chemistry course.C.Help him revise his report.D.Get her computer repaired.8.(1分)(2014•上海)A.Amused. B.Embarrassed. C.Shocked. D.Sympathetic.9.(1分)(2014•上海)A.She doesn't plan to continue studying next year.B.She has already told the man about her plan.C.She isn't planning to leave her university.D.She recently visited a different university.10.(1分)(2014•上海)A.It spoke highly of the mayor.B.It misinterpreted the mayor's speech.C.It made the mayor's view clearer.D.It carried the mayor's speech accurately.11.(3分)(2014•上海)Questions 11through 13are based on the following passage.11.A.70. B.20. C.25. D.75.12.A.The houses there can't be sold.B.It is a place for work and holiday.C.The cabins and facilities are shared.D.It is run by the residents themselves.13.A.A skiing resort.B.A special community.C.A splendid mountain.D.A successful businesswoman.14.(3分)(2014•上海)Questions 14through 16are based on the following news.14.A.Those who often sent text messages.B.Those who suffered from heart disease.C.Those who did no physical exercise.D.Those who were unmarried.15.A.They responded more slowly than usual.B.They sent more messages.C.They typed 10percent faster on average.D.They edited more passages.16.A.Why chemical therapy works.B.Why marriage helps fight cancer.C.How unmarried people survive cancer.D.How cancer is detected after marriage.17.(4分)(2014•上海)Directions：In Section C,you will hear two longer conversations.The conversations will be read twice.After you hear each conversation,you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard.Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17through 20are based on the following conversation.Complete the form.Write ONE WORD for each answer.21.(4分)(2014•上海)Blanks 21through 24are based on the following conversation. Complete the form.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections：Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgram maticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformof thegivenword；fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.25.(2014•上海)My stay in New YorkAfter graduation from university,I had been unable to secure a permanent job in my small town.So I decided to leave home for New York,(25)where I might have a better chance to find a good job.(26)To earn(earn) some money to pay the daily expenses,I started work in a local café as a waiter.I believed that (27)if I was offered a good position,I would resign at once.Over time,the high cost of living became a little burden on my already (28) exhausted(exhaust) shoulders.On the other hand,my search for a respectable job had not met with much success.As I had studied literature at university,I found it quite difficult to secure a suitable job in big companies.Mother had said that (29)if I wanted to have a better career advancement,I had to find work in the city.Perhaps,(30)What my mother had told me was deeply rooted in my mind.I just did as she had expected.Soon I had lived in the city for over six months but I still did not like it.Apparently,I had difficulty (31)adapting(adapt) myself to life in the city,let alone finding a job to my delight.After nine months of frustration.I eventually decided to go back to my small town.Not until I returned (32)did I realise that a quiet town life was the best for me.【分析】文章主要介绍了我在纽约生活所遇到的情况.大学毕业后,我一直无法在我居住的小城找到一份固定的工作,所以我去了纽约,觉得那里有更好的机会找到一份好工作.但实际情况却是,为了支付日常开支,我最初只能在当地的一家咖啡馆当服务员.不过我决定：只要有好的职位,我会立即辞职.一段时间后,纽约生活的高成本让本已因工作疲惫不堪的我更加精疲力竭.另一方面,我想要的体面工作一直没有什么进展.由于我在大学学的是文学,这让我很难在大公司找到一份合适的工作.母亲说过,如果我想有一个好的职业发展,就必须在城里找到一份工作.她的话一直深植在我脑海.很快,我在这个城市已经待了六个多月,但我仍然喜欢不上这座城市,而且我也无法让自己适应纽约这座城市的生活,更不用说找到一份令自己感到快乐的工作.九个月后,我最终决定回到我来的小城,而直到我回来,我才意识到原来安静的小城生活才是最适合我的.【解析】25.答案为where"So I decided to leave home for New York,(25)﹣﹣﹣I might have a better chance to find a good job."空格前有逗号,逗号前后都是完整句子,这说明其中一个应该是从句,结合该句句意,后一句应该是修饰前一句中New York的定语从句,由于New York是地点,所以空格上所填关系词是where.26.答案为To earn 空格所在部分表示"为了支付日常开支"是一个目的状语,而不定时可以表示目的,所以空格上填To earn27.答案为as soon as/as long as 空格所在句子表达意思为"只要有好的职位,我会立即辞职"故空格上填"as soon as/as long as"用以引导条件状语从句.28.答案为exhausted 空格所填应该修饰后面shoulders,这里要表明作者"感到疲倦的"所以应天过去分词形式exhausted29.答案为if. 母亲所说话要表达意思"如果我想有一个好的职业发展,就必须在城里找到一份工作"所以横线上填if30.答案为what 该空格考查主语从句,表达"母亲说的话"故关系词应用what.31.答案为adapting 考查固定搭配have difficulty doing sth.所以adapt应该用adapting32.答案为did 该空考查倒装句,因为Not until 表否定且位于句首所在所在句子应使用部分倒装,所以空格处天助动词did.33.(2014•上海)The giant vending machine(自动售货机)is a new village shop Villagers have long been used to facing a drive when they run out of basic。
2014年高考真题——英语(上海卷)(含答案解析)
2014年高考真题——英语（上海卷）（含答案解析）高考真题高考模拟高中联考期中试卷期末考试月考试卷学业水平同步练习2014年高考真题——英语（上海卷）（含答案解析）1 Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.My Stay in New YorkAfter graduation from university, I had been unable to secure a permanent job in my small town. So I decided to leave home for New York, (25)______I might have a better chance to find a good job. (26) ______ (earn) some money to pay the daily expenses, I started work in a local café as a waiter. I believe that (27) ______ ______ ______ I was offered a good position, I would resign at once.Over time, the high cost of living became a little burden on my already (28) ______ (exhaust) shoulder. On the other hand, my search for a respectable job had not met with much success. As I had studied literature at university, I found it quite difficult to secure a suitable job in big companies. Mother had just said that (29) ______ I want to have a better career advancement, I had to find work in the city. Perhaps (30) ______my mother had told me was deeply rooted in my mind. I just did as she had expected.Soon I had lived in the city for over six months but I still did not like it. Apparently,I had difficulty (31) ______ (adapt) myself to life in the city, let alone findinga job to my delight. After nine months of frustration, I eventually decided to go back to my small town. Not until I returned (32) ______I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me.【答案解析】 25. where 26. To earn 27. as soon as / as long as 28. exhausted 29. if30. what 31. adapting 32. did2 Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The giant vending machine (自动售货机) is a new village shopVillagers have long been used to facing a drive when they run out of basic supplies.However, help is now nearer at hand in form of the country’s first automatic push-button shop. Now residents in the Derbyshire Village of Clifton can buy groceries around the clock after the huge vending was installed outside a pub in the village this week.Peter Fox, who is (33)______electrical engineer, spent two and a half years working on the project. The machine (34)______ (equip) with securing cameras and alarms and looks like a mini shop with a brick front, a grey roof and a display window.Mr. Fox said he hoped his invention, (35)______ is set to be installed in other villages in the area over the coming months, will mark a return to convenience shopping for rural communities.He said:“ I had this idea a few years ago but I couldn’t find a manufacture who could deliver what I wanted, so I did it by (36)______. The result is what amounts to huge outdoor vending machine. Yet I think the term “automatic shop” is far (37)______ (appropriate)In recent years, the commercial pressure from supermarket chains (38)______ force village shops across the country to close. In 2010, it was estimated that about 400 village shops closed, (39)______ (urge) the local government to give financial support to struggling shops or set-up new communities stores.Hundreds of communities have since stepped in and opened up their won volunteer-run shops, but Mr. Fox hopes his new invention will offer a solution (40)______these villages without a local shop.【答案解析】 33. an 34. is equipped35. which 36. myself37. more appropriate 38. has forced 39. urging 40. to3 Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. alertB. classifyC. commitD. delicatelyE. gentleF. imposeG. labels H. moderation I. relieve J. signals K. simplyLet's say you've decided you want to eat more healthfully. However, you don't have time to carefully plan menus for meals or read food __41__ at the supermarket. Since you really__42__ yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come in handy, wouldn't it? This is where a "choice architect" can help__43__some of the burden of doing it all yourself. Choice architects are people who organize the contextsin which customers make decisions. For example, the person who decides the layout of your local supermarket-including which shelf the peanut butter goes on, and how the oranges are piled up—is a choice architect.Governments don't have to__44__healthier lifestyles through laws for example, smoking bans. Rather, if given an environment created by a choice architect-one that encourages us to choose what is best-we will do the right things. In other words, there will be designs that gently push customers toward making healthier choices, without removing freedom of choice. This idea combines freedom to choosewith__45__hints from choice architects, who aim to help people live longer, healthier, and happier lives.The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-called "traffic light system" to __46__foods as healthy or unhealthy. This means that customers can see at a glance how much fat, sugar, and salt each product contains__47__by looking at the lights on the package. A green light __48__that the amounts of the three nutrients are healthy; yellow indicates that the customer should be__49__; and red means that the food is high in at least one of the three nutrients and should be eaten in __50__. The customer is given important health information, but is still free to decide what to choose.【答案解析】 41. G 42. C 43.I 44. F 45. E 46. B 47. K 48. J 49. A 50. H4 Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films we've just watched or books we've just finished reading, but plain and simple __51__.Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we __52__ do with it? We gossip. About others' behaviour and private lives, such as who's doing what with whom, who's in and who's out-and why; how to deal with difficult __53__ situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues.So why are we keen on gossiping? Are we just natural __54__, of both time and words? Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life? It's not the case according to Professor RobinDunbar. In fact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really__55__issues.Dunbar __56__ the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively, or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. We don't spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar—__57__, he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip.Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the __58__ of the higher primates （灵长类动物）like monkeys. By means of grooming--cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or__59__ from outside it.As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar __60__ that at one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together made sense because the bigger the group, the greater the __61__ it provided; on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others. Grooming helped to __62__ the pressure and calm everybody down.But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be __63__ to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more __64__ kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal （有声的）grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one __65__ contact.51. A. claim B. description C. gossip D. language52. A. occasionally B. habitually C. independently D. originally53. A. social B. political C. historical D. cultural54. A. admirers B. masters C. users D. wasters55. A. vital B. sensitive C. ideal D. difficult56. A. confirms B. rejects C. outlines D. broadens57. A. for instance B. in addition C. on the contrary D. as a result58. A. motivation B. appearance C. emotion D. behaviour59. A. attack B. contact C. inspection D. assistance60. A. recalls B. denies C. concludes D. confesses61. A. prospect B. responsibility C. leadership D. protection62. A. measure B. show C. maintain D. ease63. A. saved B. extended C. consumed D. gained64. A. common B. efficient C. scientific D. Thoughtful65. A. indirect B. daily C. physical D. secret【答案解析】 51. C 52. B 53. A 54. D 55. A56. B 57. C 58. D 59. A 60. C61. D 62. D 63. B 64. B 65. C5Most people agree that honesty is a good thing. But does Mother Nature agree? Animals can't talk, but can they lie in other ways? Can they lie with their bodies and behavior? Animal experts may not call it lying, but they do agree that many animals, from birds to chimpanzees, behave dishonestly to fool other animals. Why? Dishonesty often helps them survive.Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other animals. For example, a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young. When a predator（猎食动物）gets close to its nest, the plover leads the predator away from the nest. How? It pretends to have a broken wing. The predator follows the "hurt" adult, leaving the baby birds safe in the nest.Another kind of bird, the scrub jay, buries its food so it always has something to eat. Scrub jays are also thieves. They watch where others bury their food and steal it. But clever scrub jays seem to know when a thief is watching them. So they go back later, unbury the food, and bury it again somewhere else.Birds called cuckoos have found a way to have babies without doing much work. How? They don't make nests. Instead, they get into other birds' nests secretly. Then they lay their eggs and fly away. When the baby birds come out, their adoptive parents feed them.Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky. After a fight, the losing chimp will give its hand to the other. When the winning chimp puts out its hand, too, the chimpsare friendly again. But an animal expert once saw a losing chimp take the winner's hand and start fighting again.Chimps are sneaky in other ways, too. When chimps find food that they love, such as bananas, it is natural for them to cry out. Then other chimps come running. But some clever chimps learn to cry very softly when they find food. That way, other chimps don't hear them, and they don't need to share their food.As children, many of us learn the saying "You can't fool Mother Nature." But maybe you can't trust her, either.66. A plover protects its young from a predator by______.A. getting closer to its youngB. driving away the adult predatorC. leaving its young in another nestD. pretending to be injured67. By "Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky" (paragraph 5), the author means______.A. chimps are ready to attack othersB. chimps are sometimes dishonestC. chimps are jealous of the winnersD. chimps can be selfish too68. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Some chimps lower their cry to keep food away from others.B. The losing chimp won the fight by taking the winner's hand.C. Cuckoos fool their adoptive parents by making no nests.D. Some clever scrub jays often steal their food back.69. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Do animals lie?B. Does Mother Nature fool animals?C. How do animals learn to lie?D. How does honesty help animals survive?【答案解析】 66. D 67. B 68. A 69. A6Let's say you want to hit the gym more regularly this year. How do you make that happen? Consider putting the habit loop to use.Here's how it works:A habit is a 3-step process. First, there's a cue, something that tells your brain to operate automatically. Then there's a routine. And finally, a reward, which helps your brain learn to desire the behavior. It's what you can use to create-or break-habits of your own.Here's how to apply it:Choose a cue, like leaving your running shoes by the door, then pick. a reward-say,a piece of chocolate when you get home from the gym. That way, the cue and the reward become interconnected. Finally, when you see the shoes, your brain will start longing for the reward, which will make it easier to work out day after day. The best part? In a couple of weeks, you won't need the chocolate at all. Your brain will come to see the workout itself as the reward. Which is the whole point, right?70. Which of the following best fits in the box with a “?” in THE HABIT LOOP?A. Pick a new cue.B. Form a new habit.C. Choose a new reward.D. Design a new resolution.71. According to THE HABIT LOOP, you can stick to your plan most effectively by______.A. changing the routineB. trying it for a weekC. adjusting your goalD. writing it down72. What's the purpose of putting the habit loop to use?A. To test out different kinds of cues.B. To do something as a habit even without rewards.C. To work out the best New Year's resolution.D. To motivate yourself with satisfactory rewards.73. “This year when I see the Harry Potter poster, I will read 30 pages of an English novel or an English newspaper in order to watch TV for half an hour." What is the cue in this resolution?A. The Harry Potter poster.B. Reading 30 pages of an English novel.C. An English newspaper.D. Watching TV for half an hour.【答案解析】 70. C 71.D 72.B 73.A7 If you could be anybody in the world, who would it be? Your neighbour or a super star? A few people have experienced what it might be like to step into the skin of another person, thanks to an unusual virtual reality（虚拟现实）device. Rikke Wahl, an actress, model and artist, was one of the participants in a body swapping experiment at the Be Another lab, a project developed by a group of artists based in Barcelona. She swapped with her partner, an actor, using a machine called The Machine to Be Another and temporarily became a man. "As I looked down, I saw my whole body as a man, dressed in my partner's pants," she said. "That's the picture I remember best."The set-up is ly simple. Both users wear a virtual reality headset with a camera on the top. The video from each camera is sent to the other person, so what you see is the exact view of your partner. If she moves her arm, you see it. If you move your arm, she sees it.To get used to seeing another person's body without actually having control of it, participants start by raising their arms and legs very slowly, so that the other can follow along. Eventually, this kind of slow synchronised（同步的）movement becomes comfortable, and participants really start to feel as though they are living in another person's body.Using such technology promises to alter people's behaviour afterwards-potentially for the better. Studies have shown that virtual reality can be effective in fighting racism-the bias（偏见）that humans have against those who don't look or sound like them. Researchers at the University of Barcelona gave people a questionnaire called the Implicit Association Test, which measures the strength of people's associations between, for instance, black people and adjectives such as good, bad, athletic or awkward. Then they asked them to control the body of a dark skinned digital character using virtual reality glasses, before taking the test again. This time, the participants' bias scores were lower. The idea is that once you've "put yourself in another's shoes" you're less likely to think ill of them, because your brain has internalised the feeling of being that person.The creators of The Machine to Be Another hope to achieve a similar result. "At the end of body swapping, people feel like holding each other in their arms," says Arthur Pointeau, a programmer with the project. "It's a really nice way to have this kind of experience. I would really, really recommend it to everyone."74. The word "swapping" (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to______.A. buildingB. exchangingC. controllingD. transplanting75. We can infer from the experiment at the Be Another lab that______.A. our feelings are related to our bodily experienceB. we can learn to take control of other people's bodiesC. participants will live more passionately after the experimentD. The Machine to Be Another can help people change their sexes76. In the Implicit Association Test, before the participants used virtual reality glasses to control a dark skinned digital character, ______.A. they fought strongly against racismB. they scored lower on the test for racismC. they changed their behaviour dramaticallyD. they were more biased against those unlike them77. It can be concluded from the passage that______.A. technology helps people realize their dreamsB. our biases could be eliminated through experimentsC. virtual reality helps promote understanding among peopleD. our points of view about others need changing constantly【答案解析】 74.B 75.A 76.D 77.C8 Directions: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.More and more corporations are taking an interest in corporate social responsibility (CSR). CSR is made up of three broad layers. The most basic is traditional corporate charity work. Companies typically spend about 1% of pre-tax profits on worthy projects. But many feel that simply writing cheques to charities is no longer enough. In some companies, shareholders want to know that their money is being put to good use, and employees want to be actively involved in good works.Money alone is not the answer when companies come under attack for their behavior. Hence the second layer of CSR, which is a branch of risk management. Starting in the 1980s, with environmental disasters such as the explosion at Bhopal and the Exxon Valdez oil spill, industry after industry has suffered blows to its reputation. So, companies often responded by trying to manage the risks. They talk tonon-governmental organisations (NGOs) and to governments, create codes of conduct （行为准则) and devote themselves to more transparency（透明）in their operations. Increasingly, too. they, along with their competitors, set common rules to spread risks.All this is largely defensive, but there are also opportunities for those that get ahead of the game. The emphasis on opportunity is the third layer of CSR: the idea that it can help to create value. If approached in a strategic way, CSR could become part of a company's competitive advantage. That is just the sort of thing chief executives like to hear. The idea of "doing well by doing good" has become popular. Nevertheless, the business of trying to be good is bringing difficult questionsto executives. Can you measure CSR performance? Should you be cooperating with NGOs and you’re your competitors? Is there any really competitive advantage to be had from a green strategy?Corporate social responsibility is now seen as a mainstream. Big companies want to tell the world about their good citizenship with their devotion to social responsibilities. Done badly, CSR is often just window-dressing and can be positively harmful. Done well, though, it is not some separate activity that companies do on the side, a corner of corporate life reserved for virtue（美德）：it is just good business.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS) 78. Both _________ in some companies find it no longer enough to simply donate money to charities.79. Give one example of the defensive measures of risk management according to the passage.80. With the emphasis on opportunity, the third layer of CSR is meant to_________.81. According to the passage, "good business" (paragraph 6) means that corporations ________ while making profits.【答案解析】 78. shareholders and employees79. Companies talk to non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and to governments. / Companies create codes of conduct. / Companies devote themselves to more transparency in their operations. / Companies set common rules with their competitors to spread risks.80. create value81. take social responsibilities9 Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 我习惯睡前听点轻音乐。
2014届上海英语高考新题型 十一月练习卷 (2014届上海英语区县学校同步练习试卷集3 学生版 对外版)
6. A. Surprised.
B.
.
C. Delighted.
D. Offended.
7. A. He found her topic
.
C. The clock was a very unusual one.
B. He hurt his eye this morning. D. The lecture was more than one hour long.
(be) a girl with a disease that
(使……瘫痪) her from
the neck down. My dad decided to help her. He
visiting in her room, bringing paints,
brushes and paper. He stood the paper up, put the
wavelength determine
it affects melatonin. Light in blue-and-white range
(release) by
tablets can do the trick — so laptops and desktop computers. The team
me walk.”
If you fail sleep at night,
(平板电脑) use at bedtime might
(blame), new
research suggests. Mariana Figueiro of the
Research Center at Rensselaer Polytechnic
1 / 11
2014 届上海英语区县学校同步练习试卷集 3
2014年上海市高考英语试卷及答案完美解析(word版)
2014年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海英语试卷考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷总分值150分。
2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
试卷分为第Ⅰ卷〔笫1-12页〕和第Ⅱ卷〔第13页〕，全卷共13页。
所有答題必须涂〔选择题〕或写〔非选择题〕在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3.答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在答題纸反面清楚地填写。
第I卷〔共103分〕I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. policewoman. B. A judge. C. A reporter. D. A waitress.2. A. Confident. B. Puzzled. C. Satisfied. D. Worried.3.A. At a restaurant. B. At a car rental agency.C. In a bank.D. In a driving school.4.A. A disaster. B. A new roof. C. A performance. D. A TV station.5.A. Catch the train. B. Meet Jane.C. Get some stationery.D. Clean the backyard.6.A. Ask for something cheaper. B. Buy the vase she really likes.C. Protect herself from being hurt.D. Bargain with the shop assistant.7.A. Use a computer in the lab. B. Take a chemistry course.C. Help him revise his report.D. Get her computer repaired.8.A. Amused. B. Embarrassed. C. Shocked. D. Sympathetic.9.A. She doesn't plan to continue studying next year.B. She has already told the man about her plan.C. She isn’t planning to leave her university.D. She recently visited a different university.10.A. It spoke highly of the mayor. B. It misinterpreted the mayor’s speech.C. It made the mayor’s view clearer.D. It carried the mayor’s speech accurately.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of thepassages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. 70 B. 20 C. 25. D. 7512. A. The houses there can't be sold. B. It is a place for work and holiday.C. The cabins and facilities are shared.D. It is run by the residents themselves.13. A. A skiing resort. B. A special community.C. A splendid mountain.D. A successful businesswoman.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.14. A. Those who often sent text messages. B. Those who suffered from heart disease.C. Those who did no physical exercise.D. whose who were unmarried15. A. They responded more slowly than usual. B. They sent more messages.C. They typed 10 percent faster on average.D. They edited more passages.16. A. Why chemical therapy works.B. Why marriage helps fight cancer.C. How unmarried people survive cancer.D. How cancer is detected after marriage.Section CDirections:In Section C,you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)My Stay in New YorkAfter graduation from university, I had been unable to secure a permanent job in my small town. So I decided to leave home for New York, (25)______I might have a better chance to find a good job. (26) ______ (earn) some money to pay the daily expenses, I started work in a local café as a waiter. I believed that (27) ______ ______ ______ I was offered a good position, I would resign at once.Over time, the high cost of living became a little burden on my already (28) ______ (exhaust) shoulder. On the other hand, my search for a respectable job had not met with much success. As I had studied literature at university, I found it quite difficult to secure a suitable job in big companies. Mother had just said that (29) ______ I wanted to have a better career advancement, I had to find work in the city. Perhaps (30) ______my mother had told me was deeply rooted in my mind. I just did as she had expected.Soon I had lived in the city for over six months but I still did not like it. Apparently, I had difficulty (31) ______ (adapt) myself to life in the city, let alone finding a job to my delight. After nine months of frustration, I eventually decided to go back to my small town. Not until I returned (32) ______I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me.(B)The giant vending machine (自动售货机) is a new village shopVillagers have long been used to facing a drive when they run out of basic supplies. However, help is now nearer at hand in form of the country’s first automatic push-button shop. Now residents in the Derbyshire Village of Clifton can buy groceries around the clock after the huge vending was installed outside a pub in the village this week.Peter Fox, who is (33)______electrical engineer, spent two and a half years working on the project. The machine (34)______ (equip) with securing cameras and alarms and looks like a mini shop with a brick front, a grey roof and a display window.Mr. Fox said he hoped his invention, (35)______ is set to be installed in other villages in the area over the coming months, will mark a return to convenience shopping for rural communities.He said:“ I had this idea a few years ago but I couldn’t find a manufacture who could deliver what I wanted, so I did it by (36)______. The result is what amounts to huge outdoor vending machine. Yet I think the term ‘automatic shop’ is far (37)______ (appropriate)”In recent years, the commercial pressure from supermarket chains (38)______ (force )village shops across the country to close. In 2010, it was estimated that about 400 village shops closed, (39)______ (urge) the local government to give financial support to struggling shops or set-up new communities stores.Hundreds of communities have since stepped in and opened up their won volunteer-run shops, but Mr. Fox hopes his new invention will offer a solution (40)______those villages without a local shop.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Let's say you've decided you want to eat more healthfully. However, you don't have time to carefully plan menus for meals or read food __41__ at the supermarket. Since you really__42__ yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come in handy, wouldn't it? This is where a "choice architect" can help__43__some of the burden of doing it all yourself. Choice architects are people who organize the contexts in which customers make decisions. For example, the person who decides the layout of your local supermarket-including which shelf the peanut butter goes on, and how the oranges are piled up—is a choice architect.Governments don't have to__44__healthier lifestyles through laws---for example, smoking bans. Rather, if given an environment created by a choice architect one that encourages us to choose what is best-we will do the right things. In other words, there will be designs that gently push customers toward making healthier choices, without removing freedom of choice. This idea combines freedom to choose with__45__hints from choice architects, who aim to help people live longer, healthier, and happier lives.The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-called "traffic light system" to __46__foods as healthy or unhealthy. This means that customers can see at a glance how much fat, sugar, and salt each product contains__47__by looking at the lights on the package. A green light __48__that the amounts of the three nutrients are healthy; yellow indicates that the customer should be__49__; and red means that the food is high in at least one of the three nutrients and should be eaten in __50__. The customer is given important health information, but is still free to decide what to choose.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films we've just watched or books we've just finished reading, but plain and simple __51__.Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we __52__ do with it? We gossip. About others' behaviour and private lives, such as who's doing what with whom, who's in and who's out-and why; how to dealwith difficult __53__ situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues.So why are we keen on gossiping? Are we just natural __54__, of both time and words? Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life? It's not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar. In fact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really__55__issues.Dunbar __56__ the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively, or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. We don't spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar—__57__, he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip.Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the __58__ of the higher primates〔灵长类动物〕like monkeys. By means of grooming--cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or__59__ from outside it.As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar __60__ that at one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together made sense because the bigger the group, the greater the __61__ it provided; on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others. Grooming helped to __62__ the pressure and calm everybody down.But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be __63__ to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more __64__ kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal〔有声的〕grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one __65__ contact.51. A. claim B. description C. gossip D. language52. A. occasionally B. habitually C. independently D. originally53. A. social B. political C. historical D. cultural54. A. admirers B. masters C. users D. wasters55. A. vital B. sensitive C. ideal D. difficult56. A. confirms B. rejects C. outlines D. broadens57. A. for instance B. in addition C. on the contrary D. as a result58. A. motivation B. appearance C. emotion D. behaviour59. A. attack B. contact C. inspection D. assistance60. A. recalls B. denies C. concludes D. confesses61. A. prospect B. responsibility C. leadership D. protection62. A. measure B. show C. maintain D. ease63. A. saved B. extended C. consumed D. gained64. A. common B. efficient C. scientific D. thoughtful65. A. indirect B. daily C. physical D. secretSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Most people agree that honesty is a good thing. But does Mother Nature agree? Animals can't talk, but can they lie in other ways? Can they lie with their bodies andbehavior? Animal experts may not call it lying, but they do agree that many animals, from birds to chimpanzees, behave dishonestly to fool other animals. Why? Dishonesty often helps them survive.Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other animals. For example, a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young. When a predator〔猎食动物〕gets close to its nest, the plover leads the predator away from the nest. How? It pretends to have a broken wing. The predator follows the "hurt" adult, leaving the baby birds safe in the nest.Another kind of bird, the scrub jay, buries its food so it always has something to eat. Scrub jays are also thieves. They watch where others bury their food and steal it. But clever scrub jays seem to know when a thief is watching them. So they go back later, unbury the food, and bury it again somewhere else.Birds called cuckoos have found a way to have babies without doing much work. How? They don't make nests. Instead, they get into other birds' nests secretly. Then they lay their eggs and fly away. When the baby birds come out, their adoptive parents feed them.Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky. After a fight, the losing chimp will give its hand to the other. When the winning chimp puts out its hand, too, the chimps are friendly again. But an animal expert once saw a losing chimp take the winner's hand and start fighting again.Chimps are sneaky in other ways, too. When chimps find food that they love, such as bananas, it is natural for them to cry out. Then other chimps come running. But some clever chimps learn to cry very softly when they find food. That way, other chimps don't hear them, and they don't need to share their food.As children, many of us learn the saying "You can't fool Mother Nature." But maybe you can't trust her, either.66. A plover protects its young from a predator by______.A. getting closer to its youngB. driving away the adult predatorC. leaving its young in another nestD. pretending to be injured67. By "Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky" (paragraph 5), the author means______.A. chimps are ready to attack othersB. chimps are sometimes dishonestC. chimps are jealous of the winnersD. chimps can be selfish too68. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Some chimps lower their cry to keep food away from others.B. The losing chimp won the fight by taking the winner's hand.C. Cuckoos fool their adoptive parents by making no nests.D. Some clever scrub jays often steal their food back.69. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Do animals lie?B. Does Mother Nature fool animals?C. How do animals learn to lie?D. How does honesty help animals survive?(B)Let's say you want to hit the gymmore regularly this year. How doyou make that happen? Considerputting the habit loop to use.Here's how it works:A habit is a 3-step process. First,there's a cue, something that tellsyour brain to operate automatically.Then there's a routine. And finally,a reward, which helps your brainlearn to desire the behavior. It'swhat you can use to create-orbreak-habits of your own.Here's how to apply it:Choose a cue, like leaving yourrunning shoes by the door, thenpick. a reward-say, a piece ofchocolate when you get home fromthe gym. That way, the cue and thereward become interconnected.Finally, when you see the shoes,your brain will start longing for thereward, which will make it easier towork out day after day. The bestpart? In a couple of weeks, youwon't need the chocolate at all.Your brain will come to see theworkout itself as the reward. Whichis the whole point, right?70. Which of the following best fitsin the box with a “?” in THE HABITLOOP?A. Pick a new cue.B. Form a new habit.C. Choose a new reward.D. Design a new resolution.71. According to THE HABIT LOOP, you can stick to your plan most effectively by______.A. changing the routineB. trying it for a weekC. adjusting your goalD. writing it down72. What's the purpose of putting the habit loop to use?A. To test out different kinds of cues.B. To do something as a habit even without rewards.C. To work out the best New Year's resolution.D. To motivate yourself with satisfactory rewards.73. “This year when I see the Harry Potter poster, I will read 30 pages of an English novel or an English newspaper in order to watch TV for half an hour." What is the cue in this resolution?A. The Harry Potter poster.B. Reading 30 pages of an English novel.C. An English newspaper.D. Watching TV for half an hour.(C)If you could be anybody in the world, who would it be? Your neighbour or a super star? A few people have experienced what it might be like to step into the skin of another person, thanks to an unusual virtual reality〔虚拟现实〕device. Rikke Wahl, an actress, model and artist, was one of the participants in a body swapping experiment at the Be Another lab, a project developed by a group of artists based in Barcelona. She swapped with her partner, an actor, using a machine called The Machine to Be Another and temporarily became a man. "As I looked down, I saw my whole body as a man, dressed in my partner's pants," she said. "That's the picture I remember best."The set-up is relatively simple. Both users wear a virtual reality headset with a camera on the top. The video from each camera is sent to the other person, so what you see is the exact view of your partner. If she moves her arm, you see it. If you move your arm, she sees it.To get used to seeing another person's body without actually having control of it, participants start by raising their arms and legs very slowly, so that the other can follow along. Eventually, this kind of slow synchronised〔同步的〕movement becomes comfortable, and participants really start to feel as though they are living in another person's body.Using such technology promises to alter people's behaviour afterwards-potentially for the better. Studies have shown that virtual reality can be effective in fighting racism-the bias〔偏见〕that humans have against those who don't look or sound like them. Researchers at the University of Barcelona gave people a questionnaire called the Implicit Association Test, which measures the strength of people's associations between, for instance, black people and adjectives such as good, bad, athletic or awkward. Then they asked them to control the body of a dark skinned digital character using virtual reality glasses, before taking the test again. This time, the participants' bias scores were lower. The idea is that once you've "put yourself in another's shoes" you're less likely to think ill of them, because your brain has internalised the feeling of being that person.The creators of The Machine to Be Another hope to achieve a similar result. "At the end of body swapping, people feel like holding each other in their arms," says Arthur Pointeau, a programmer with the project. "It's a really nice way to have this kind of experience. I would really, really recommend it to everyone."74. The word "swapping" (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to______.A. buildingB. exchangingC. controllingD. transplanting75. We can infer from the experiment at the Be Another lab that______.A. our feelings are related to our bodily experienceB. we can learn to take control of other people's bodiesC. participants will live more passionately after the experimentD. The Machine to Be Another can help people change their sexes76. In the Implicit Association Test, before the participants used virtual reality glasses to control a dark skinneddigital character, ______.A. they fought strongly against racismB. they scored lower on the test for racismC. they changed their behaviour dramaticallyD. they were more biased against those unlike them77. It can be concluded from the passage that______.A. technology helps people realize their dreamsB. our biases could be eliminated through experimentsC. virtual reality helps promote understanding among peopleD. our points of view about others need changing constantlySection CDirections:Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.More and more corporations are taking an interest in corporate social responsibility (CSR). CSR is made up of three broad layers. The most basic is traditional corporate charity work. Companies typically spend about 1% of pre-tax profits on worthy projects. But many feel that simply writing cheques to charities is no longer enough. In some companies, shareholders want to know that their money is being put to good use, and employees want to be actively involved in good works.Money alone is not the answer when companies come under attack for their behavior. Hence the second layer of CSR, which is a branch of risk management. Starting in the 1980s, with environmental disasters such as the explosion at Bhopal and the Exxon Valdez oil spill, industry after industry has suffered blows to its reputation.So, companies often responded by trying to manage the risks. They talk to non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and to governments, create codes of conduct〔行为准则) and devote themselves to more transparency 〔透明〕in their operations. Increasingly, too. they, along with their competitors, set common rules to spread risks.All this is largely defensive, but there are also opportunities for those that get ahead of the game. The emphasis on opportunity is the third layer of CSR: the idea that it can help to create value. If approached in a strategic way, CSR could become part of a company's competitive advantage. That is just the sort of thing chief executives like to hear. The idea of "doing well by doing good" has become popular.Nevertheless, the business of trying to be good is bringing difficult questions to executives. Can you measure CSR performance? Should you be cooperating with NGOs and you’re your competitors? Is there any really competitive advantage to be had from a green strategy?Corporate social responsibility is now seen as a mainstream. Big companies want to tell the world about their good citizenship with their devotion to social responsibilities. Done badly, CSR is often just window-dressing and can be positively harmful. Done well, though, it is not some separate activity that companies do on the side, a corner of corporate life reserved for virtue〔美德〕：it is just good business.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)78. Both _________ in some companies find it no longer enough to simply donate money to charities.79. Give one example of the defensive measures of risk management according to the passage.80. With the emphasis on opportunity, the third layer of CSR is meant to_________.81. According to the passage, "good business" (paragraph 6) means that corporations ________ while making profits.第II卷〔共47分〕I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 我习惯睡前听点轻音乐。
2014年高考英语学科新课标卷新题型专项训练
2014年高考英语学科新课标卷新题型（英语知识运用第二节）专项训练阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于三个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
A. 对话体1)W: Hello, Thomas Brothers.M: Hello, ___1___ is Mike Landon here. Is Jack Cooper there ___2___ any chance? W: I am afraid not, he is ___3___ for a day or two, back on, let’s see, Monday morning.M: Oh, well, perhaps I can leave a message for him.W:Yes, of course, just a minute. Now, let’s see, to Jack Cooper from Mike London. M: No, Landon, L-a-n-d-o-n.W: Sorry, yes, ___4___ (get) that, and what’s the message?M: Well ___5___ is just this: ___6___ he come to a meeting on Monday afternoon at 5:00 pm?W:That’s this ___7___ (come) Monday, October 12th ?M:Right, it’s ___8___ (discuss) the new factory in France.W:Fine, I’ve got that. I ___9___ (see) that he gets it as ___10___ as he comes in on Monday.M: Good, thank you, goodbye.2)M: The service is really slow here. I ha ve been trying to get the waiter’s attention for the last ten minutes.W: I hope he takes our ___1___ soon. ___2___ I’ll be late for my class at two o’clock.M: Me,too. I have a class at 2 as ___3___ .W: I’ve noticed you have a math book. Do you like the summer school here?M: It’s pretty good. I think I’ve learned a lot.W: Yeah, I only wish the class ___4___ (be) a little ___5___ (small), but I like my teachers a lot. They are very kind and patient.M: I see. By the way, may I ask ___6___ you come from?W:I’m from Boston. How about you?M: I’m from Washington DC. I’m only ___7___ (stay) here for three more weeks. Then I’ll go to Columbia University in New Yo rk.W: Oh, ___8___ comes the waiter. ___9___ seems we are going to get ___10___ (serve) after all.M: Good, I’m starving.3)W: David, we all know you took up skateboarding at ten, but did your parents support you?M: Yeah, my parents even let me skate in the house.W: Did they?M: Yeah! They were pretty cool.W: How about your school work?M: That was fine. I was able to get my school work ___1___ (do) with good grades.My only problem was that I had ___2___ much physical energy that I ___3___ not sit still in class. Then some teachers started taking my skateboard away.W: That couldn’t stop you from ___4___ (skate)?M: No way! The cool thing was ___5___ my parents managed to find me a different school. The headmaster there was wonderful. He let us plan our ___6___ PE classes. So guess what class I ___7___ (create)?W: Skateboarding …M: You got ___8___ . That was my PE class. By that time I was turning professional and started showing off some techniques at competitions.W: Is that ___9___ your new style became famous?M: Yeah. Other skaters had this smooth flowing style, but I was kind of like a robot, always ___10___ (come) up with new tricks.4)M: Hi, mom.W: There you are. I’m getting worrie d. It’s so late.M: Yes. I ___1___ (run) into Linda and we went to a pub. She told me a funny thing. W: Oh? What was that?M: Well, she was driving home ___2___ work, and she suddenly saw an old lady on her hands and knees in the middle of the road.W: Really?M: Yes, Linda was so ___3___ (shock) that she stopped suddenly and the car behind ___4___ (crash) into ___5___.W: ___6___ (be) she hurt?M: No.W: And what was the old lady doing?M: I am just coming to that. So Linda got out of her car and saw the old lady pick up something and ___7___ (walk) away.W: Lucky indeed. Linda didn’t run her over.M: Then a policeman came.But he didn’t believe what Linda said.W: Well…M: ___8___ there was a witness, a man ___9___ (wait) for a bus. He saw it all. Guess what the old lady was doing?W: I haven’t the ___10___ (slight) idea.M: She was looking for her gold tooth.W: A gold tooth?M: Yes, it fell out as she was crossing the road. The witness heard her saying, “Oh, my gold tooth…”5)M: What ___1___ we do this weekend?W: Did you have something special in mind?M: No, not really. I just ___2___ (think) that ___3___ might be fun to do something new.W: Do something for ___4___ change, you mean?M: Yes, something different.W: I usually go ___5___ (shop) and have my hair ___6___ (do) during the weekend. And you usually watch the football game on TV.M: Yes. You often have tea with your friends and I sometimes play cards with my friends. We seldom do anything together. It’s quite unlike___7___ we were first married.W: Now, I’ve got an idea! Autumn is the___8___ (good) season in Beijing. Why don’t we go for a picnic this weekend? You’ll invite your friends and I’ll invite ___9___ . We’ll go together.M: Good idea! I will see about the car and you will prepare the food. ___10___ are you sure you really want all our friends to come along?6)W: Do you have ___1___ time, Alfred?M: It’s 7：20.W: We are ___2___(early) than expected. The film starts at 7: 30. Let’s have something to drink.M: That’s a good idea.W: Something ___3___ (smell) good.M: Right, that’s popcorn. ___4___ you like some popcorn?W: Yes, I’d love some. Do you know ___5___ invented popcorn?M: ___6___ is said that popcorn is a delicacy that was developed by the Indians of North America.W: When did they invent it?M: It has been dated back thousands of years.W: I see.M: Do you know that the Indians were not only eating popcorn, but they also used popcorn in head-dresses, necklaces and in religious ___7___ (ceremony)?W: Yes, we have seen these in some films and according to most sources, a deerskin bag full of popcorn was served at the first Thanksgiving dinner at Plymouth Rock in 1621.M: You know popcorn’s popularity ___8___(grow) during the Depression of the1930s, ___9___ people realized that a little popcorn could go a long way. But its success was clinched when movie theatres across the continent started serving the snack. By 1947, 85 percent of movie houses were selling popcorn at their concession stands.W: Oh, the movie’s ___10___ to st art, let’s go.7)W: Excuse me, have you seen a dog on this path? I’ve lost my dog and I wondered ___1___ you’d seen him ___2___ (run).M: You’ve lost your dog? Oh, what a shame! No, I’m sorry I haven’t seen ___3___ dog, but I’ll look for him. What does he look ___4___?W: He’s a black-and-white dog. He looks a bit like a sheepdog. His name’s Jack. I always take a run around this lake at this time and I bring Jack with me. He ___5___ (love) the exercise. Of course he goes ahead sometimes, ___6___ he always waits for me. Today he’s ___7___ (disappear). I can’t find him ___8___ .M: Do you always walk along the ___9___ path around the lake?W: Yes, I go north this way around the lake and then I go back from the south way. The dog knows the path very well.M: He ___10___ be here somewhere. I’ll look out for hi m. I hope you can find him. W: Thank you.8）W: Good morning, Sir. Can you help me?M: What’s wrong?W: My daughter is missing. I can’t find her ___1___ .M: OK, calm down. I’m going to help you to find her. How long ago ___2___ she go missing?W: About one hour ago. At 4 o’clock, perhaps. I ___3___ (look)for her for almost an hour now.M: And where did you last see her?W:We ___4___ (be) just shopping in the vegetable section. I turned around and she was ___5___ (go).M: What’s her name?W: Melissa. M-E-L-I-S-S-A. She’s only five. She doesn’t speak Spanish.M: OK. What does she look ___6___ ?W: She has dark brown hair. She’s thin and small for her age.M: OK. What is she wearing today?W: Blue shorts and a pink T-shirt. She has a hat on too, I think.M: Don’t worry. ___7___ is going to be OK.W: What should I do?M: Stay right at ___8___ front of the store ___9___ she is looking for you. We will start ___10___ (look) for her now.9)M:I’m sure you’ve n oticed a lot of things that are different ___1___ our school.W:Oh, yes. In the United States, we don’t have to carry a big school bag with us like you do.M: ___2___ is that?W:We have a locker of our ___3___ which is a small box with a lock. We keep textbooks and our personal things in it. I just bring a daypack to school.M: A daypack?W:Yes. It’s a small bag that you carry on your back.M: What do you carry in it?W: My notebooks or a few books for homework.M:That’s convenient. Is there anything ___4___ you’ve noticed about our school? W: Yes. I am ___5___ (surprise) that everyone is so silent in class.M: What do you mean?W: Well, we usually ask questions about exams, homework ___6___ textbooks on the ___7___ (one)day of the school year. The teacher likes such questions.M: So you felt it different?W: Yes. I ___8___ (expect)to see a lot of discussions in class ___9___ we learn that way in the United States.M: I see. That will be a good topic for our school newspaper for the first month of the term. Nice ___10___ (talk) with you. See you around. Bye!W: Bye!10)W: Good morning, everybody! Today for our writing class, we are glad to have Mr. Henry Stone with us, a well-known writer in this country. He is going to share with us ___1___ (he)writing experiences. Now, Henry, please tell us how you find so many interesting things for your stories?M: Okay. I watch people a lot. I do that when I travel. I’ve ___2___ to many countries such as Britain, Italy and Sweden, so I spend a lot of time at airports. While ___3___ (wait) for my flights, I watch people passing by and start my imagination. For example, ___4__ other day when I was waiting for my flight to Greece, I saw a couple. They were buying magazines at that moment. They were not wearing business clothes but the man was carrying a suitcase. Every few seconds the woman looked around. I wondered ___5___ someone was following them. Perhaps they were running away and…. You know, this ___6___ (remind) me of a story in the newspaper that day. A bank clerk stole one million pounds a week ___7___ and disappeared with his wife. There was a picture of them in the paper. The couple really looked like the ___8___ (thief). Maybe I ___9___ stop them. Just then, I saw them say goodbye to each other, and the woman walked away. Well, sometimes I make mistakes like that. ___10___ I find things like that very useful for my writing.Keys:1)1. this2. by3. away4. got5. it6. could7. coming8. to discuss9. will see 10.soon2）1. order2. Otherwise3. well4. were5. smaller6. where7. staying8. here9. It 10. served3）1. done2. so3. could4. skating5. that6. own7. created8. it9. when 10. coming4）1.ran2. after3. shocked4. crashed5. hers6. Was7. walk8. Luckily9. waiting 10. slightest5）1. shall2. thought3. it4. a5. shopping6. done7. when8. best9. mine 10. But6）1.the2. earlier3. smells4. Would5. who6. It7. ceremonies8. grew9. when 10. about7）1. if2. running3. a/ any4. like5. loves6. but7. disappeared8. anywhere 9. same 10. must8）1.anywhere2. have been looking3. did4. were5. gone6. like7. Everything 8. the 9. in case 10. looking9)1.about2. Why3. own4. else5. surprised6. or7. first8. expected9. because 10. talking10)1.his2. been3. waiting4. the5. if6. reminded7. before8. thieves9. should 10. ButB. 短文体1)One of my father's favorite ___1___ (say) as I was growing up was “Try it!” I couldn't say I didn't like something, ___2___ it might be, until after I tried it. Over the years I've come to realize how much of my success I owe to my ___3___ (accept) of those words as one of my values. My first job was just one I decided to try for a couple of years until I determined what I wanted to do as a career. ___4___ (actual) I believed I would work for a few years, get ___5___ (marry), stay home and raise a family, so I didn't think the job I took mattered that much. I couldn't ___6___ more mistaken. I mastered the skills of that ___7___ (begin) level position and I was given the opportunity (机会) to move up through the company into ___8___ (differ) positions. I accepted each new opportunity with the thought, “Well, I'll try it; ___9___ I don't like it I can always go back to my ___10___ (early) position.” But I was with the same company for the past 28 years.2)People ___1___ (live) in different countries made different kinds of words. Today there are about fifteen hundred ___2___ in the world. Each contains many thousands of words. A very large dictionary, for example, contains four ___3___ five hundred thousand words. But we do not need ___4___ these.To read short stories you need to know only about two thousand words. ___5___ you leave school, you will learn only one thousand or more.The words you know are called your vocabulary. You should try to make your vocabulary ___6___ (big). Read as many books as we can. There are a lot of books ___7___ (write) in easy English. You will enjoy them.When you meet ___8___ new word, look it ___9___ in your dictionary.Your dictionary is your ___10___ (much) useful book.3)___1___ artist had a small daughter. Sometimes he painted women___2___ any clothes on, and he and his ____3____ always tried to keep the small girl out ___4___ he was doing this, “She is ___5___ young to understand,” they said.But one day, when the artist ___6___ (paint) a woman with no clothes on, he forgot to lock the door, and the girl suddenly ran into the room. He mother ran up the stairs ___7___ her, but when she got to the room, the little girl was already in the room and looking at the woman. ___8___ her parents waited for her to speak.For a few seconds the little girl said ___9___, but then she ran to her mother and said ___10___ (angry), “Why do you let her go about withoutshoes and socks on when you don’t let me?”4)Most Americans don’t like to get advice ____1___ members of their fami-ly. They get advice from “_____2___ (strange)”. When they need advice, they don’t usually go to people they know. ___3___ many of them write letters to newspapers and magazines _____4___ give advice on many different subjects ______5___ (include) family problems, the use of language, health, cooking, child care, clothes, ____6___ even on how to buy a house or a car.Most newspapers _____7_____ (regular) print letters from readers with problems. Along with the letters there are _____8___ written by people who are supposed to know how to solve such problems. Some of these writers are doctors, ____9____ are lawyers or educators. But two of the most famous writers of advice are women without special ____10___ (train) for this kind of work.5)Without proper planning, tourism can cause___1___.For example, too many tourists can crowd public places ___2___ are also enjoyed by the inhabitants (居民) of a country. If tourism create too much traffic, the inhabitants will become ___3___ (annoy) and unhappy. They begin to dislike tourists ___4___ to treat them impolitely. They forget how much tourism can help the country’s economy. ___5___ is important to think about the people of a destination country and ___6___ tourism affects them. Tourism should help ___7___count-ry keep the customs and beauty that attracts tourists. Tourism should also advance the wealth and ___8___ (happy) of local inhabitants.Too much tourism can be a problem. If tourism ___9___(grow) too quick-ly, people must leave other jobs to work ___10___ the tourism industry. This means that other parts of the country’s economy can suffer.6)Why is setting goals so important ? Because goals ___1___ help you do, be, and experience everything ___2___ you want in life. Instead ___3___ just letting life happen to you, goals allow ___4___ to make your life happen. ___5___ (success) and happy people have sets lots of goals to help them reach their aims. By setting goals you are taking control of your life. It’s ___6___ having a map to show you ___7___ you want to go.Winners in life set goals and follow through with them. Winners decide what they want in life and then get there by making plans and ___8___ (set) goals.Unsuccessful people just let life happen by accident. G oals aren’t difficult to set, and ___9___ aren’t difficult to reach. It is up to you to find out what your goals really are. You are ___10___one who must decide what to do and in what direction to aim your life.7)In the small towns of the United States in the ___1___ (nineteen) century, the general store was ___2___ everyone bought the things he couldn’t make ___3___ grow at home. What the stores sold ___4___ (tell) a great deal about ___5___ life at that time. People bought tools that they needed for farm work; salt, sugar and___6___ foods that the farm didn’t produce; articles of clothing that they couldn’t make ___7___ ; shirts for the men; or clothes for the children. Life was simple then. One feels that people were ___8___ (thank) for what they had and that they looked___9___ with courage to whatever the future brought. It would be interesting to know how they would feel about the life today. Would it seem to them that life is too complex? Would they enjoy ___10___ (live) a life as we do now?8)Do you feel ___1___ difficult to be happy all the time? Now I’ll give you some tips ___2___ how to make yourself happy. One way is being ___3___ (self) because unselfishness is the key factor ___4___ (require) if you want to get along well with others. By ___5___ (say) being unselfish we mean we ___6___ not want everything our own way or demand the best share of everything. Another way is to look for good points in ___7___ people. You’ll find most people pleasant to go with and it will surely make you happy. Third, you can not expect to be too perfect, ___8___ don’t be too unhappy when you make a mistake. Everything will be OK if you try to make things right. Finally, it is important to remember that while you are not ___9___ (bad) that others, chances you have may not be much better. In this case, ___10___ surest way to be happy is to think yourself above other people.9)We may be very ___1___ (please) with the rapid progress we have made in every field of study, but we have almost done nothing to improve our present ___2___ (exam) systems which focus ___3___ t esting the students’ memory instead of their___4___ (able). As soon as a child begins schoo, he enters a world of examination___5___ will decide his future of job. In fact a good examination stystem should encourage students to think for themselves. But the examination now does anything but that. It forces the students to remember ___6___ is taught to get high marks. Thus the students who come out first in the examination often many be the ___7___ (good) in their studies. In addition, such ___8___ examination system often drives teachers to cram all the time and forces them to train students what to do with the___9___ (come) examination.There must be a better way to test a student’s true ability as ___10___ as their knowledge.10)Many Chinese believe ___1___ (eat) pig brains will increase their intelligence and some Americans regularly eat ___2___ (cook) eggs to keep their minds sharp.___3___ , doctor don’t reco mmend to eat___4___ raw eggs or animal brains. Then,what food is good for your brain? Scientists have found ___5___ relationship___6___ diet and a healthy brain. Generally speaking, fish is a brain food. Besides fish, you should introduce lots of dark green leafy vegetables and colorful fruits into your diet ___7___ most people lack the special vitamins ___8___ these brain food provide. If you eat brain foods ___9___ (regular), they can increase brain power---help you pay attention, keep you motivated, improve your memory and ___10___ ( less) stress from studies. Then you can do much better in your test.Keys:1）1.sayings2. whatever3. acceptance4. Actually5. married6. have been7. beginning8. different9. if 10. earlier2)1. living2. languages3. or4. all5. Before6. bigger7. written8. a9.up 10. most3)1. An2. without3. wife4. when/while5. too6. was painting7. after 8.both 9. nothing 10. angrily4)1. from2. strangers3. Instead4. that/which5. including6. and7.regularly 8. answers 9. others 10. training5)1. problems2. that/which3. annoyed4. and5. It6. how7. a8.happiness 9. grows 10. in6)1. can2. that3. of4. yourself5. Successful 6 .like 7. where8. setting 9. they 10. the7)1. nineteenth2. where3. or4. tells5. the6. other7. themselves8. thankful9. forward 10. living8)1. it2. on3. unselfish4. required5. saying6. should7. other8. so 9. worse 10. the9)1. pleased2. examination3. on4. ability5. which/ that6. what7. best 8. an 9. coming 10. well10)1. eating2. uncooked3. However4. either5. a6. between7. because 8. that 9. regularly 10. lessen。
2014年高考上海卷英语试题解析(解析版)
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(上海卷)英语本试卷分为第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。
考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。
第I卷（共103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. A policewoman. B. A judge. C. A reporter. D. A waitress.2. A. Confident. B. Puzzled. C. Satisfied. D. Worried.3. A. At a restaurant. B. At a car rental agency.C. In a bank.D. In a driving school.4. A. A disaster. B. A new roof. C. A performance. D. A TV station.5. A. Catch the train. B. Meet Jane.C. Get some stationery.D. Clean the backyard.6. A. Ask for something cheaper. B. Buy the vase she really likes.C. Protect herself from being hurt.D. Bargain with the shop assistant.7. A. Use a computer in the lab. B. Take a chemistry course.C. Help him revise his report.D. Get her computer repaired.8. A. Amused. B. Embarrassed.C. Shocked.D. Sympathetic.9. A. She doesn't plan to continue studying next year.B. She has already told the man about her plan.C. She isn't planning to leave her university.D. She recently visited a different university.10. A. It spoke highly of the mayor.B. It misinterpreted the mayor's speech.C. It made the mayor's view clearer.D. It carried the mayor's speech accurately.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. 70. B. 20. C. 25. D. 75.12. A. The houses there can't be sold. B. It is a place for work and holiday.C. The cabins and facilities are shared.D. It is run by the residents themselves.13. A. A skiing resort. B. A special community.C. A splendid mountain.D. A successful businesswoman.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.14. A. Those who often sent text messages. B. Those who suffered from heart disease.C. Those who did no physical exercise.D. Those who were unmarried.15. A. They responded more slowly than usual. B. They sent more messages.C. They typed 10 percent faster on average.D. They edited more passages.16. A. Why chemical therapy works.B. Why marriage helps fight cancer.C. How unmarried people survive cancer.D. How cancer is detected after marriage.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Travellers' Survey SheetTravel purpose: for a(n) __17__ in LondonComments on the airport environment / facilities:Likes:·__18__·__19__ walkwaysDislikes: ·__20__ shops·small trolleysBlanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.What is critical thinking in reading? Assessing the writer's ideas and thinking aboutthe __21__ of what the writer is saying.What is the first step in reading an academic text critically? Finding out the argument and the writer's main line of __22__.What may serve as the evidence? __23__ , survey results, examples, etcWhat is the key to critical thinking? To read actively and __24__II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)My Stay in New YorkAfter graduation from university, I had been unable to secure a permanent job in my small town. So I decided to leave home for New York, （25）______I might have a better chance to find a good job. （26）______ (earn) some money to pay the daily expenses, I started work in a local café as a waiter. I believe that （27）______ ______ ______ I was offered a good position, I would resign at once.Over time, the high cost of living became a little burden on my already （28）______ (exhaust) shoulder. On the other hand, my search for a respectable job had not met with much success. As I had studied literatureat university, I found it quite difficult to secure a suitable job in big companies. Mother had just said that（29）______ I want to have a better career advancement, I had to find work in the city. Perhaps （30）______my mother had told me was deeply rooted in my mind. I just did as she had expected.Soon I had lived in the city for over six months but I still did not like it. Apparently, I had difficulty （31）______ (adapt) myself to life in the city, let alone finding a job to my delight. After nine months of frustration, I eventually decided to go back to my small town. Not until I returned（32）______I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me.【答案】25.where26.To earn27.as soon as/ as long as28.exhausted29. if30.what31.adapting32.did26.为了挣钱付日常开销，我开始在当地咖啡店做服务员。
2014年上海高考英语新题型(附样卷)
2014年上海市高考英语语法词汇新题型模拟训练众所周知，高考英语的语法题型多年来一直以单项选择的传统题型来考查，2014年将全面取消语法选择题（16题*1分=16分），替换为新题型：语法填空（见下面三篇样题,附有正确答案，考生可小试牛刀），2个语篇，共15道题（15分）。
One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he __1__(fi nd) that he has run out of salt. So Nick called to his son, “Go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it: neither too much __2__ too little.”His son looked surprised. “I can understand why I shouldn’t pay too much, Father, but if I ca n pay less, __3__not save a bit of money?”“That would be a very __4__(reason) thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ours,” Nick said.Nick’s guests, __5__had heard their conversation, asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could. Nick replied, “The only reason a man would sell salt __6__a lower price would be because he was desperate for money. And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect __7__the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it.”“But such a small thing couldn’t __8__(possible) destroy a village.”“In the beginning, there was only __9__very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little, always __10__(think) that it was only small and not very important, and look where we have ended up today.”1. found2. nor3. why4. reasonable5. who6. at7. for8. possibly9. a 10. thinkingMary will never forget the first time she saw him. He suddenly appeared in class one day, __1__ (wear) sun glasses. He walked in as if he __2__ (buy) the school. And the word quickly got around that he was from New York City.For some reason he sat beside Mary. Mary felt __3__ (please), because there were many empty seats in the room. But she quickly realized that it wasn’t her, it was probably the fact that she sat in __4__ last row.__5__ he thought he cloud escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong. It might have made it a little __6__ (hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around, but that didn’t stop the kids in the class. Of course whenever they turned to look at him, they had to look at Mary, __7__ made her feel like a star.“Do you need those glasses for medical reasons?” the teacher aske d. The new boy shook his head.” “Then I’d appreciate it if you didn’t wear them in class. I like to look at your eyes when I’m speaking to you.” The new boy looked at the teacher __8__ a few seconds and all the other students wondered __9__ the boy would do. Then he took __10__ off, gave a big smile and said “That is cool”.1. wearing2. would buy3. pleased4. the5. Although6. harder7. which8. for9. if/whether 10.them.Eric Chen, a 17-year-old student from California, U.S.A., was th e big winner of this year’s Google Science Fair(谷歌科学挑战赛). He introduced 1 new medicine to fight 2 the spread of flu viruses.Flu viruses, such as H7N9, 3 (pose)a great threat to the world and have already killed millions of people.“I felt like this was a really 4 (urge) problem and I thought, ‘ 5 can’t I find a new anti-flu medicine?’” Chen said. Then he started his research 6 wowed the judges of the Google Science Fair.As the winner, Chen got a $50,000 scholarship and a trip to the Galapagos Islands(加拉帕哥斯群岛). He plans to use part of the money to develop a 7 (powerful ) flu medicine.“I really like 8 (do) research,” Chen said. “I’m doing work 9 will make the world a better place.”1. a2. against3.pose4.urgent5.Why6.and7. more powerful8.doing9. that通过样题，我们可以发现新题型语法填空的形式，基本可以分为两种，提供提示词的和没有提示词的。
2014年上海市高考英语试卷及答案完美解析(word版)
2014年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海英语试卷考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。
2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（笫1-12页）和第Ⅱ卷（第13页），全卷共13页。
所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3.答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在答題纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
第I卷（共103分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. policewoman. B. A judge. C. A reporter. D. A waitress.2. A. Confident. B. Puzzled. C. Satisfied. D. Worried.3. A. At a restaurant. B. At a car rental agency.C. In a bank.D. In a driving school.4. A. A disaster. B. A new roof. C. A performance. D. A TV station.5. A. Catch the train. B. Meet Jane.C. Get some stationery.D. Clean the backyard.6. A. Ask for something cheaper. B. Buy the vase she really likes.C. Protect herself from being hurt.D. Bargain with the shop assistant.7. A. Use a computer in the lab. B. Take a chemistry course.C. Help him revise his report.D. Get her computer repaired.8. A. Amused. B. Embarrassed. C. Shocked. D. Sympathetic.9. A. She doesn't plan to continue studying next year.B. She has already told the man about her plan.C. She iSn’t planning to leave her university.D. She recently visited a different university.10. A. It spoke highly of the mayor. B. It miSinterpreted the mayor’S Speech.C. it made the mayor’S view clearer.D. It carried the mayor’S Sp eech accurately.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. 70 B. 20 C. 25. D. 7512. A. The houses there can't be sold. B. It is a place for work and holiday.C. The cabins and facilities are shared.D. It is run by the residents themselves.13. A. A skiing resort. B. A special community.C. A splendid mountain.D. A successful businesswoman.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.14. A. Those who often sent text messages. B. Those who suffered from heart disease.C. Those who did no physical exercise.D. whose who were unmarried15. A. They responded more slowly than usual. B. They sent more messages.C. They typed 10 percent faster on average.D. They edited more passages.16. A. Why chemical therapy works.B. Why marriage helps fight cancer.C. How unmarried people survive cancer.D. How cancer is detected after marriage.Section CDirections:In Section C,you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard.Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.17 in London19Dislikes:• 20 shops•small trolleysBlanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)My Stay in New YorkAfter graduation from university, I had been unable to secure a permanent job in my small town. So I decided to leave home for New York, (25)______I might have a better chance to find a good job. (26) ______ (earn) some money to pay the daily expenses, I started work in a local café as a waiter. I believed that (27) ______ ______ ______ I was offered a good position, I would resign at once.Over time, the high cost of living became a little burden on my already (28) ______ (exhaust) shoulder. On the other hand, my search for a respectable job had not met with much success. As I had studied literature at university, I found it quite difficult to secure a suitable job in big companies. Mother had just said that (29) ______ I wanted to have a better career advancement, I had to find work in the city. Perhaps (30) ______my mother had told me was deeply rooted in my mind. I just did as she had expected.Soon I had lived in the city for over six months but I still did not like it. Apparently, I had difficulty (31) ______ (adapt) myself to life in the city, let alone finding a job to my delight. After nine months of frustration, I eventually decided to go back to my small town. Not until I returned (32) ______I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me.(B)The giant vending machine (自动售货机) is a new village shopVillagers have long been used to facing a drive when they run out of basic supplies. However, help is now nearer at hand in form of the country’s first automatic push-button shop. Now residents in the Derbyshire Village of Clifton can buy groceries around the clock after the huge vending was installed outside a pub in the village this week.Peter Fox, who is (33)______electrical engineer, spent two and a half years working on the project. The machine (34)______ (equip) with securing cameras and alarms and looks like a mini shop with a brick front, a grey roof and a display window.Mr. Fox said he hoped his invention, (35)______ is set to be installed in other villages in the area over the coming months, will mark a return to convenience shopping for rural communities.He said:“ I had this idea a few years ago but I couldn’t find a manufacture who could deliver what I wanted, so I did it by (36)______. The result is what amounts to huge outdoor vending machine. Yet I think the term ‘automatic shop’is far (37)______ (appropriate)”In recent years, the commercial pressure from supermarket chains (38)______ (force )village shops across the country to close. In 2010, it was estimated that about 400 village shops closed, (39)______ (urge) the local government to give financial support to struggling shops or set-up new communities stores.Hundreds of communities have since stepped in and opened up their won volunteer-run shops, but Mr. Fox hopes his new invention will offer a solution (40)______those villages without a local shop.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Let's say you've decided you want to eat more healthfully. However, you don't have time to carefully plan menus for meals or read food __41__ at the supermarket. Since you really__42__ yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come in handy, wouldn't it? This is where a "choice architect" can help__43__some of the burden of doing it all yourself. Choice architects are people who organize the contexts in which customers make decisions. For example, the person who decides the layout of your local supermarket-including which shelf the peanut butter goes on, and how the oranges are piled up—is a choice architect.Governments don't have to__44__healthier lifestyles through laws---for example, smoking bans. Rather, if given an environment created by a choice architect one that encourages us to choose what is best-we will do the right things. In other words, there will be designs that gently push customers toward making healthier choices, without removing freedom of choice. This idea combines freedom to choose with__45__hints from choice architects, who aim to help people live longer, healthier, and happier lives.The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-called "traffic light system" to __46__foods as healthy or unhealthy. This means that customers can see at a glance how much fat, sugar, and salt each product contains__47__by looking at the lights on the package. A green light __48__that the amounts of the three nutrients are healthy; yellow indicates that the customer should be__49__; and red means that the food is high in at least one of the three nutrients and should be eaten in __50__. The customer is given important health information, but is still free to decide what to choose.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films we've just watched or books we've just finished reading, but plain and simple __51__.Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we __52__ do with it? We gossip. About others' behaviour and private lives, such as who's doing what with whom, who's in and who's out-and why; how to deal with difficult __53__ situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues.So why are we keen on gossiping? Are we just natural __54__, of both time and words? Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life? It's not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar. In fact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really__55__issues.Dunbar __56__ the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively, or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. We don't spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar—__57__, he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip.Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the __58__ of the higher primates（灵长类动物）like monkeys. By means of grooming--cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or__59__ from outside it.As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar __60__ that at one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together made sense because the bigger the group, the greater the __61__ it provided; on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others. Grooming helped to __62__ the pressure and calm everybody down.But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be __63__ to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more __64__ kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal（有声的）grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one __65__ contact.51. A. claim B. description C. gossip D. language52. A. occasionally B. habitually C. independently D. originally53. A. social B. political C. historical D. cultural54. A. admirers B. masters C. users D. wasters55. A. vital B. sensitive C. ideal D. difficult56. A. confirms B. rejects C. outlines D. broadens57. A. for instance B. in addition C. on the contrary D. as a result58. A. motivation B. appearance C. emotion D. behaviour59. A. attack B. contact C. inspection D. assistance60. A. recalls B. denies C. concludes D. confesses61. A. prospect B. responsibility C. leadership D. protection62. A. measure B. show C. maintain D. ease63. A. saved B. extended C. consumed D. gained64. A. common B. efficient C. scientific D. thoughtful65. A. indirect B. daily C. physical D. secretSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Most people agree that honesty is a good thing. But does Mother Nature agree? Animals can't talk, but can they lie in other ways? Can they lie with their bodies and behavior? Animal experts may not call it lying, but they do agree that many animals, from birds to chimpanzees, behave dishonestly to fool other animals. Why? Dishonesty often helps them survive.Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other animals. For example, a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young. When a predator（猎食动物）gets close to its nest, the plover leads the predator away from the nest. How? It pretends to have a broken wing. The predator follows the "hurt" adult, leaving the baby birds safe in the nest.Another kind of bird, the scrub jay, buries its food so it always has something to eat. Scrub jays are also thieves. They watch where others bury their food and steal it. But clever scrub jays seem to know when a thief is watching them. So they go back later, unbury the food, and bury it again somewhere else.Birds called cuckoos have found a way to have babies without doing much work. How? They don't make nests. Instead, they get into other birds' nests secretly. Then they lay their eggs and fly away. When the baby birds come out, their adoptive parents feed them.Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky. After a fight, the losing chimp will give its hand to the other. When the winning chimp puts out its hand, too, the chimps are friendly again. But an animal expert once saw a losing chimp take the winner's hand and start fighting again.Chimps are sneaky in other ways, too. When chimps find food that they love, such as bananas, it is natural for them to cry out. Then other chimps come running. But some clever chimps learn to cry very softly when they find food. That way, other chimps don't hear them, and they don't need to share their food.As children, many of us learn the saying "You can't fool Mother Nature." But maybe you can't trust her, either.66. A plover protects its young from a predator by______.A. getting closer to its youngB. driving away the adult predatorC. leaving its young in another nestD. pretending to be injured67. By "Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky" (paragraph 5), the author means______.A. chimps are ready to attack othersB. chimps are sometimes dishonestC. chimps are jealous of the winnersD. chimps can be selfish too68. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. Some chimps lower their cry to keep food away from others.B. The losing chimp won the fight by taking the winner's hand.C. Cuckoos fool their adoptive parents by making no nests.D. Some clever scrub jays often steal their food back.69. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Do animals lie?B. Does Mother Nature fool animals?C. How do animals learn to lie?D. How does honesty help animals survive?(B)Let's say you want tohit the gym moreregularly this year. Howdo you make that happen?Consider putting thehabit loop to use.Here's how it works:A habit is a 3-stepprocess. First, there's acue, something that tellsyour brain to operateautomatically. Thenthere's a routine. Andfinally, a reward, whichhelps your brain learn todesire the behavior. It'swhat you can use tocreate-or break-habits ofyour own.Here's how toapply it:Choose a cue, like leaving your running shoes by the door, then pick. a reward-say, a piece of chocolate when you get home from the gym. That way, the cue and the reward become interconnected. Finally, when you see the shoes, your brainwill start longing for the reward, which will make it easier to work out day after day. The best part? In a couple of weeks, you won't need the chocolate at all. Your brain will come to see the workout itself as the reward. Which is the whole point, right?70. which of the following beSt fitS in the box with a “?” in the habit loop?A. Pick a new cue.B. Form a new habit.C. Choose a new reward.D. Design a new resolution.71. According to THE HABIT LOOP, you can stick to your plan most effectively by______.A. changing the routineB. trying it for a weekC. adjusting your goalD. writing it down72. What's the purpose of putting the habit loop to use?A. To test out different kinds of cues.B. To do something as a habit even without rewards.C. To work out the best New Year's resolution.D. To motivate yourself with satisfactory rewards.73. “thiS year when i See the Harry Potter poster, I will read 30 pages of an English novel or an English newspaper in order to watch TV for half an hour." What is the cue in this resolution?A. The Harry Potter poster.B. Reading 30 pages of an English novel.C. An English newspaper.D. Watching TV for half an hour.(C)If you could be anybody in the world, who would it be? Your neighbour or a super star? A few people have experienced what it might be like to step into the skin of another person, thanks to an unusual virtual reality（虚拟现实）device. RikkeWahl, an actress, model and artist, was one of the participants in a body swapping experiment at the Be Another lab, a project developed by a group of artists based in Barcelona. She swapped with her partner, an actor, using a machine called The Machine to Be Another and temporarily became a man. "As I looked down, I saw my whole body as a man, dressed in my partner's pants," she said. "That's the picture I remember best."The set-up is relatively simple. Both users wear a virtual reality headset with a camera on the top. The video from each camera is sent to the other person, so what you see is the exact view of your partner. If she moves her arm, you see it. If you move your arm, she sees it.To get used to seeing another person's body without actually having control of it, participants start by raising their arms and legs very slowly, so that the other can follow along. Eventually, this kind of slow synchronised（同步的）movement becomes comfortable, and participants really start to feel as though they are living in another person's body.Using such technology promises to alter people's behaviour afterwards-potentially for the better. Studies have shown that virtual reality can be effective in fighting racism-the bias（偏见）that humans have against those who don't look or sound like them. Researchers at the University of Barcelona gave people a questionnaire called the Implicit Association Test, which measures the strength of people's associations between, for instance, black people and adjectives such as good, bad, athletic or awkward. Then they asked them to control the body of a dark skinned digital character using virtual reality glasses, before taking the test again. This time, the participants' bias scores were lower. The idea is that once you've "put yourself in another's shoes" you're less likely to think ill of them, because your brain has internalised the feeling of being that person.The creators of The Machine to Be Another hope to achieve a similar result. "At the end of body swapping, people feel like holding each other in their arms," says Arthur Pointeau, a programmer with the project. "It's a really nice way to havethis kind of experience. I would really, really recommend it to everyone."74. The word "swapping" (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to______.A. buildingB. exchangingC. controllingD. transplanting75. We can infer from the experiment at the Be Another lab that______.A. our feelings are related to our bodily experienceB. we can learn to take control of other people's bodiesC. participants will live more passionately after the experimentD. The Machine to Be Another can help people change their sexes76. In the Implicit Association Test, before the participants used virtualreality glasses to control a dark skinned digital character, ______.A. they fought strongly against racismB. they scored lower on the test for racismC. they changed their behaviour dramaticallyD. they were more biased against those unlike them77. It can be concluded from the passage that______.A. technology helps people realize their dreamsB. our biases could be eliminated through experimentsC. virtual reality helps promote understanding among peopleD. our points of view about others need changing constantlySection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.More and more corporations are taking an interest in corporate social responsibility (CSR). CSR is made up of three broad layers. The most basic is traditional corporate charity work. Companies typically spend about 1% of pre-tax profits on worthy projects. But many feel that simply writing cheques to charitiesis no longer enough. In some companies, shareholders want to know that their money is being put to good use, and employees want to be actively involved in good works.Money alone is not the answer when companies come under attack for their behavior. Hence the second layer of CSR, which is a branch of risk management. Starting in the 1980s, with environmental disasters such as the explosion at Bhopal and the Exxon Valdez oil spill, industry after industry has suffered blows to its reputation.So, companies often responded by trying to manage the risks. They talk to non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and to governments, create codes of conduct （行为准则) and devote themselves to more transparency（透明）in their operations. Increasingly, too. they, along with their competitors, set common rules to spread risks.All this is largely defensive, but there are also opportunities for those that get ahead of the game. The emphasis on opportunity is the third layer of CSR: the idea that it can help to create value. If approached in a strategic way, CSR could become part of a company's competitive advantage. That is just the sort of thing chief executives like to hear. The idea of "doing well by doing good" has become popular.Nevertheless, the business of trying to be good is bringing difficult questions to executives. Can you measure CSR performance? Should you be cooperating with ngoS and you’re your competitors? Is there any really competitive advantage to be had from a green strategy?Corporate social responsibility is now seen as a mainstream. Big companies want to tell the world about their good citizenship with their devotion to social responsibilities. Done badly, CSR is often just window-dressing and can be positively harmful. Done well, though, it is not some separate activity that companies do on the side, a corner of corporate life reserved for virtue（美德）：it is just good business.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS)78. Both _________ in some companies find it no longer enough to simply donate money to charities.79. Give one example of the defensive measures of risk management according to the passage.80. With the emphasis on opportunity, the third layer of CSR is meant to_________.81. According to the passage, "good business" (paragraph 6) means that corporations ________ while making profits.第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 我习惯睡前听点轻音乐。
2014年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题(上海卷,解析版)
2014上海高考真题解析Listening Comprehension（Omitted）Grammar and vocabularySection APassage A25. 本题考查非限定性定语从句。
由于先行词为New York，故填关系副词where引导定语从句，同时在从句中做状语。
26. 本题考查不定式在句中做目的状语。
根据后面内容some money to pay the daily expenses（一些钱来支付日常费用）可知，是为了赚钱，故填To earn。
27. 本题考查状语从句的连词。
根据设空以及后面内容I was offered a good position, I would resign at once（我被提供一个好职位，我就马上辞职）的逻辑关系可知，这里填“一……就……”或“只要……”。
故此处填as soon as 或 as long as。
28. 本题考查过去分词表示“人的心理感受”。
句意为：经过一段时间，高额的生活费用成了我本来就已经疲惫的肩膀上的负担。
故填exhausted。
29. 本题考查条件状从句的连词。
根据句意…I want to have a better career advancement,I had to find work in the city“……我想要一个更好的职业发展，我就不得不在城市里找工作”可知，前句表示条件，故填if。
30. 本题考查名词性从句的连词。
根据句式结构可知，本句是一个主语从句做主语，而连词又在从句中做动词had told的宾语，故填连接代词what。
31. 本题考查短语have difficulty in doing sth的搭配，故本空填adapting。
32. 本题考查考查倒装句。
由于从句Not until I returned位于句首，且有否定词，因此句子用部分倒装结构，再根据句子的时态---一般过去时，故填did。
2014上海高考英语作文
2014上海高考英语作文In 2014, the Shanghai gaokao English essay was a challenge that tested our ability to express ideas in a casual and diverse manner. Here's a possible attempt at fulfilling those requirements.The first thing that came to my mind when thinking about the exam was the nervous excitement that filled the air. It was like stepping into a new adventure, not knowing what to expect but eager to give it my best shot.Then there were the questions themselves, each one like a puzzle to be solved. I remember scratching my head,trying to find the right words to convey my thoughts. It was a balancing act, trying to be creative while also staying within the boundaries of the topic.One of the most challenging parts was trying to make my writing sound natural and conversational. I had to pretend I was talking to a friend, which was harder than it soundsbecause I had to be careful not to ramble or use too many fillers.Another thing that stood out was the diversity of topics we were given to choose from. There were options for everyone, whether you were passionate about science, literature, or something else entirely. It was exciting to have that kind of freedom in a high-stakes exam.And of course, there was the pressure of the clock ticking down. I remember frantically scribbling down my ideas, trying to get them all on the page before time ran out. It was a race against the clock, and it made the whole experience even more thrilling.Looking back, I realize。
上海英语高考新题型值得练习找规律
2014上海英语高考新题型IThe mass escape of Jews from Nazi-occupied DenmarkSeventy years ago this month, ___1___ extraordinary mass escape happened from Nazi-___2___ (occupy) Denmark. In September that year, the Nazi secret police - the Gestapo - ___3___ (decide) to deport all Danish Jews to concentration camps, just as they'd done to millions of other Jews across Europe. Tipped off about German plans, to deport them to concentration camps, almost the entire Jewish population - several thousand people - fled their homes and left the country.As he stepped onto the fishing boat ___4___ was meant to carry them across the Baltic sea to ___5___ (safe), 14-year-old Bent Melchior feared he might never see his home again.A week ___6___ (early), he had left the home in Copenhagen he shared with his parents and four siblings. It was 8 October 1943 andDenmark was under Nazi ___7___ (occupy). Along with thousands of other Danish Jews, Bent and his family were fleeing the Germans."We were gathered in this boat ___8___ was supposed to carry herrings, but ___9___ it was now carrying ___10___beings" he says.They set off after dark. There were 19 people on the boat, hiding below deck in case German planes ___11___ (spot) them from overhead.The night air was chilly and the sea rough."People ___12___ were on the boat started to be sick, and every minute felt ___13___ an hour". Danish Jews in a fishing boat on their way to Sweden, October 1943, Melchior and his family were ___14___ of a mass escape. That autumn night, 2,500 Jews set sail for neighboring Sweden from Danish beaches and ports, in rowing boats, canoes, as stowaways on ferries and cargo ships. Some even swam across.…___15___ 19 months in Sweden, the German occupation of Denmark was over. Liberation came on 4 May, 1945 and the refugees were free to return home. Melchior and his family moved ___16___ into their old apartment in Copenhagen.Key:1.an2. occupied3. had decided4. that5. safety6. earlier7. occupied 8. that /which 9. instead 10. human 11. should spot12. who 13. like 14. part 15. After 16. backsiblings 同胞，兄弟姐妹herring 鲱鱼上海英语高考2014新题型II.As North Pole Ice Melts, More Ships Take Arctic ShortcutJames BrookeOctober 04, 2013SALEKHARD, RUSSIA — For centuries, polar bears have enjoyed Arctic waters in ___1___ (isolate). But now, they are getting company in the summer.Last summer, China sent its first icebreaker, the Snow Dragon, over the top of Russia, from Shanghai to Iceland.This summer, the Yong Sheng, a freighter ___2___ (operate) by China's COSCO shipping company, became the first Chinese merchant vessel to take the ___3___. It sailed from Shanghai to Rotterdam, cutting two weeks ___4___ the usual route, th rough Egypt’s Suez Canal.Satellite photos by the U.S. space agency, NASA, show that the white Arctic ice around the North Pole ___5___ every summer. It is replaced by more and more open water, ___6___ appears black in the photos.Even Russian President Vladimir Putin agrees with the American scientists."It is absolutely clear now ___7___ the climate is changing. Everyone is talking about this,” he told an Arctic Forum held here recently. “It is clear now that the northern latitudes can be open for shipping for 100 days or perhaps 150 days, and ___8___ new regions are opening up for economic activity."While Russia invests in more icebreakers, Arctic experts gathered at the forum say they see growing opportunities for trade.Felix Tschudi, chairman of a Norwegian ___9___ company, has shipped iron ore from northern Norway to China.“We believe that the potential of the Northern Sea Route is large,” said Tschudi, a promoter of the route. “It will not be li ke an ___10___ (explode). In 2010, there were four ships using the transit route. In 2011, there were 34. And in 2012 there were 46. This year we expect around50 ships.”Lawson Brigham was the captain of a United States Coast Guard icebreaker based in Alaska."Really, we're looki ng at a seasonal supplement to the Suez Canal, ___11___ (carry) natural resources,” he said. “We're not going to retool the global container ship traffic.”Environmental concerns Indigenous leaders and environmentalists worry about the potential for an oil spill in the fragile environment of the high north.Aqqaluk Lynge, from Greenland, is chairman of the Inuit Circumpolar Council.“You cannot use the Arctic ___12___ a laboratory. It's not a laboratory.The Arctic Ocean is not the last frontier. It's our home. People ___13___ to remember that people live there,” he said at the conference. “We are very concerned about the tourist liners' tra vel routes up to east Greenland and other parts of Greenland ___14___ there's simply no rescue possibility in those areas.”But his neighbor Olafur Grimsson, the president of Iceland, welcomes Chinese ships.He told forum attendees: "Next month the CEO of COSCO, ___15___ largest shipping company in China, will explain at the new Arctic Circle Assembly in Reykjavik how China is preparing for a new era in global shipping when the melting of the Arctic sea-ice will connect Asia in a new way to America and Europe.”What may be bad for polar bears, may be good for shipping ___16___ China and Europe.Key: 1.isolation 2. operated 3. shortcut 4. off 5. shrinks 6.which 7. that 8. that9. shipping 10. explosion11. carrying12. as 13. have14. because15. the16. between高考新题型2014III.A.Everyone can live longer by allowing himself a little fun, according to research published in London. Two _________ (depend) scientific studies found that, regardless of background and circumstances, everyone tends to have the same “pleasure quota.” _________ , different groups of people get their pleasure in different ways. Researchers asked over 4,000 people in eight countries to assess their level of enjoyment from 13 everyday activities including sex, a glass of wine, a piece of chocolate, tea or coffee or watching TV. “There is ________ we alth of evidence to suggest that the cumulative effect of these little pleasures and happy moments can make us all live longer,” they said. People ________ low incomes get more fun of simple everyday pleasure such as eating a chocolate bar or watching television while those earning over US$ 100,000 a year prefer _______ (eat) out as an enjoyment Researchers advised us that no matter ________ our personal circumstances are, we can and should try to introduce as much happy moments as possible into our lives.B.William H. Gates, 40, is chairman and chief executive officer of MicrosoftCorporation, the leading provider of software for personal computers worldwide. With net revenues of $5.94 billion for the fiscal year _______ (end) June 1995, Microsoft employs more than 18,000 people in 48 countries.Gates began his career in _________ (person) computer software when he startedprogramming at age 13 while a student at the Lakeside school. In 1974, _________an undergraduate at Harvard University, he developed BASIC for the first microcomputer, the MITS Altair, _________started the era of hobbyist computing . ________ (lead) by the belief _________ the personal computer would ultimately be a valuable tool on every office desktop and in every home, Gates formed Microsoft with Paul Alien in 1975 _________ (develop) software for personal computers.Gates early foresight about personal computing and his continuing vision have been central to Microsoft and the software industry. Gates is actively ________ (involve) in significant operating and strategic decisions at development and management of the company. A significant portion of his day is also devoted to ________ with customers and staying in contact with Microsoft’s employees around the wo rld through e-mail. Gates is married and lives in Bellevue, Washington. Gates is interested in biotechnology and sits on the boards of Darwin Molecular and the Icos Corporation. He is an avid reader and enjoys playing golf and bridge. ________ technology, to make it easier and more enjoyable for people to use software. The company is committed to the long term by investing in new technology, state-of-the-art projects and new products for the further expansion of personal computing.Key: A1.independent 2. However 3. a 4. on 5. eating 6. What B 1.ending 2. personal 3. while 4. which 5. Led 6. that7.to develop 8. involved 9. meeting 10. With revenues 税收 avid 渴望的上海英语高考2014新题型IV.Kip KeinoKipchoge Keino is a modest man, and it takes some prodding to get the great Kenyan runner to recall _____1____ he felt on Oct, 20, 1968- when he won his first gold medal, in the 1,500 meters in Mexico City. The day hadn’t started out well, Keino ____2_____ (suff er) from stomach pains that later turned out to be a severe gallbladder infection. His doctors advised ____3_____ running; he ignored them. During the race, Keino was so focused on competing against American ace Jim Ryun _____4____ , in retrospect, “without watching a video, I wouldn’t know what happened at the finish.” He does remember what happened next. “I ran an____5_____ lap. I ran it to celebrate and to let my body recover. I felt overcome by the excitement.” It was not only memorable event in his life that day. Back home, his wife, Phyll is, gave birth ____6____ their third daughter, named Milka Olympia Chelagat in cele bration of her father’s _____7_____.Keino went on to win a silver medal in the 5,000 meters in Mexico City and a gold and a silver four years later in Munich. He then became Kenya’s Olympic _____8____(run) coach from 1976 to 1986, furthering his nation’s ____9_____ (dominant) in distance events. Kenya runners have captured 32 Olympic ___10___ medals since 1964 and won the last six consecutive Boston Marathons. This summer, Keino will be in Atlanta as chief of the 120-athlete Kenyan delegation, which could include his son Martn, 23, a former NCAA 5,000-meter champion at the University of Arizona, ____11_____ (hope) to qualify for the 1,500 meters.But Keino’s athletic _____12_____ (accomplish) are not the ____13_____ reason he is a hero in the town of Eldore t in northwestern Kenya. Thirty years ago. Keino and his wife – who now have seven children of their own – began taking orphans into their home. Their house became so crowded that they raised ____14____ to build a dormitory and a dining hall on a nearby farm Keino owns. Income _____15____ (support) the facility comes from the farm, his sports shop and fees he has received from the Kenyan government over the years. Today, 73 children and young adults – aged 2 to 22 –live on the farm. “I think I have been lucky,” Keino says. “Now what is important is ____16____ I use what I have to help others.”Key: 1.how2. was suffering 3. against 4. that 5. honor6. to7. victory 8. running 9. dominance10. track11. hoping 12.accomplishments13.only14. funds 15. to support 16. How prod 刺激 gallbladder 胆囊 retrospect 回顾，回想consecutive连续的，连贯的，顺序的上海英语高考2014新题型V.A Good Couple Supports Each OtherRodney Mace, 35, ____1_____ (marry) with two young children, and is a part-time teacher of _____2______ (architecture) history, “I am constantly surprised by other people’s surprise, when they come to the house and see me _____3_____ (clean) a floor or hangin g out the washing. Their eyes open wide at the sight of it! Much of the comment comes from men. But I am even more surprised ___4___ the number of women who comment too.”His wife Jane, an Oxford graduate in modern languages, has a ____5___ (demand) full-time job. She is director of the Cambridge House literacy scheme for adults in South London. Her working week involves several evenings and Saturdays, and at these times her husband is in sole ____6___ of home and family. ___7___ from this, they share household jobs and ___8___ a child-minder for the afternoons. This enables him to teach two days a week and to do ___9___ he considers his principal work: writing. He has written several books and spends much of his time in the British Museum Reading Room, cycling there from his home in Brixton.People ask the Maces ___10___ they think their children miss them. One can argue that ___11___ (satisfy) parents generally have satisfied children, but in any case the Maces are careful to reserve time and energy to play with their children. “And they h ave now developed relationships with other adults and children.Previously, Rodney Mace worked full-time and Jane only part-time. Then 18 months ago, the director of the literacy scheme left. “It seems to me that Jane was very well suited to do this job. She was very doubtful about it. But I urged her to ____12___. She did, and she got it.”Jane Mace confirms that she needed this ___13___ (courage), as so many women initially do.Did his male ego suffer from the change-over? Nothing like that occurred. But he still seems amazed at the way it changed his thinking. “I felt that we were finally going to be partners. I felt enormous ___14___, I wasn’t avoiding responsibility, but changing it. Our relationship is so much better now. It has been a change for ___15___ good for both of us – think for all of us, in every aspect of our lives. I cannot overemphasize that: in every aspect, I think it is fundamental ___16___ the woman works. The idea of equal partnership is an illusion if on e partner doesn’t work.”Key 1. is married 2. architectural 3. cleaning 4. at 5. Demanding 6. charge7. Apart 8. employ 9. what10. if11. satisfied 12. apply 13.encouragement 14. relief15. the 16. that上海英语高考2014新题VI．U.S. President Barack Obama says he expects Congress to increase the country's borrowing limit before a mid-October deadline, ___1___ (ensure) that the United States does not default on its financial obligations.With the U.S. government in the fifth day of a ___2___ (part) shutdown, it also faces ___3___ out of money to pay its bills on October 17, including interest ___4___ government bonds held by China, Japan and other overseas investors.In a wide-ranging interview with The Associated Press released Saturday, Obama said he expects Congress will increase the country's $16.7 trillion debt ceiling ___5___the United States can borrow more money."America has ___6___ not paid its bills, and I've said repeatedly ___7___ that is not something anybody should be threatening," he said. "The potential default of the United States, where we are ___8___ (essential) deadbeats, that's never ___ 9___ (happen)."Obama, a Democrat in his fifth year at the White House, is locked in a political deadlock with Republican opponents in Congress over government spending policies and implementation of his signature legislative achievement: wide-ranging health care changes ___10___ are now taking effect.Willing to negotiateThe president said he is willing to negotiate changes to the health law and reduce spending, but not until Congress agrees to end the shutdown and raises the debt ceiling without conditions. Republicans opposed to the health care reforms are trying to end funding for or delay that program, ___11___ is commonly known in the U.S. as "Obamacare."Opposition Republicans have insisted that they will only approve a spending bill to reopen the government ___12___ Obama and Democratic leaders agree to negotiations on the separate issue of the health ___13___ plan.With Congress deadlocked, a lack of funds has stopped or sharply decreased a wide variety of government services. All national parks, museums and the Library of Congress ___14____ (close) since Tuesday, and scientific research at the National Institutes of Health and the space agency, NASA, has been almost entirely suspended. These actions prompted ___15___ agencies to order about 800,000 federal workers on furlough status — sending them home without pay and barring them from remaining at their jobs, even ___16___ (volunteer).Key: 1. ensuring 2. partial 3. running 4. on 5. so 6. never 7. that8. essentially9. happened 10. that11. which 12. if 13. care 14. have been 15. government 16. V oluntarily default 违约 deadbeat 赖账者implementation 工具deadlock 僵持上海英语高考2014新题型VII.NEW YORK—One of America’s iconic attractions, The Statue of Liberty, was seen but not touched on Tuesday after a U.S. government shutdown forced the ___1___ ( close) of some of the nation's great tourist attractions.Tourists ___2___ gathered at the southern tip of Manhattan expected to board a boat on Tuesday and climb the Statue of Liberty. But Lady Liberty, with her lamp of freedom___3___ (hold) high, was closed because the U.S. government had shut down.They could still see it, but only ___4___ the boat that normally disgorges tourists at New York's iconic spots: Liberty Island and Ellis Island ___5____. In better times, millions visit these sights every year.Will Koehn from Missouri seemed ___6___ (surprise) that he couldn't get there.“We came here today to see the Statue of Liberty, came to the ticket booth and weren’t ___7___ to go on to the Island and ___8___(disappointment) somewhat," said Koehn.To some foreign tourists, the government shutdown was more than ___9___ a disappointment.“I think the image may be tarnished a bit, ___10___ as a tourist, as a foreigner coming to the United States to see this coun try and to experience the Ameri can ___ 11____, the American lifestyle, and I didn’t get that and I kind of expected that and having paid for that ____12____(know) that America is a developed country, not a developing country," said Payal Patel from Great Britain.“It’s really hard to be lieve___13___a Congress can hold its people to ransom and I kind of have the impression ___14___ they want to antagonize the people of America and make them angry," said Tina Marie from Australia. "A whole lot of people aren’t ___15___(pay) today. What’s that all about?"Nevertheless, tourists tried to get as close as they could, on the day America put a ___16___on its landmarks.1.closure2. who3. held4. from5. nearby6. surprised7. able 8. am disappointed 9. a 10. because 11. culture12. having known 13. that 14. that 15. being paid 16. lockdisgorge 吐，涌出，流上海英语高考2014新题型VIII．The Olympic Torch Takes a SpacewalkPosted October 5th, 2013 at 6:45 am (UTC-4)Yes you read right! The Sochi 2014 Olympic torch will make a historic ___1___ (appear) in space as part of its relay from Greece to Russia for the ____2___ Olympics next year.I’m sure like me, some of you are wondering ___3___ this is going to work. I’m no rocket scientist, ___4___ the little Einstein in my head tells me the Olympic torch will ___5___ (certain) not be burning way up there in space.The torch is ___6___ to arrive at the International Space Station (ISS) ___7___ the Soyuz TMA-11M manned spaceship in November. Russian cosmonauts Oleg Kotov and Sergie Ryazansky ___8___ (task) with the Olympic assignment.For ___9___(safe) reasons, the torch will not be lit during the spacewalk, according to Dmitry Chernyshenko, the President of the Sochi 2014 Organizing Committee. Yes, I ___10___( breath) easier, Olympic fans! Whew!!!The captain of the spacecraft, Mikhail Tyurin, ____11___ received the Sochi 2014 Olympic Torch at a ___12___ in June, will be responsible for passing it over to cosmonaut Fyodor Y urchikhin, who is currently based on the ISS. He will then deliver the torch ___14___ to Earth.The spacewalk by the two Russians will be a great moment in Olympic Torch Relay history. The Sonny Side of Sports ___15___ (look) forward to more fantastic feats during the winter sports festival, ___16___ officially opens February 7th in Sochi.Key：1.appearance 2. Winter 3. how4. but5. Certainly 6. due7. on8. have been tasked9. safety 10. am breathing11. who12. ceremony13. back 14. by15. is looking 16. which上海英语高考2014新题型IX．Curiosity Rover Finds Water on MarsPosted September 27th, 2013 at 6:33 pm (UTC+0)The Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) suite of instruments, prior to its installation on Curiosity. (NASA)The first scoop of Martian soil analyzed by Curiosity Rover’s built-in laboratory has revealed a high amount of water in the soil, ___1___ to NASA.“One of the most exciting results from this ___2___ first solid sample obtained by Curiosity is the high ___3___ (percent) of water in the soil,” said Curiosity researcher Laurie Leshin, of the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. “About 2 percent of the soil on the surface of Mars is made ___4___ of water, which is a great resource, and interesting ___5___ (science).”Researchers made their ___6___ (find) using Curiosity’s Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) unit, ___7___ includes three sophisticated instruments.SAM allowed the scientists to identify a wide range of chemical c ompounds and to calculate the ratios of different isotopes of the sample’s key elements.The same soil sample, when ___8___ (heat) to 835 degrees Celsius, showed significant amounts of carbon dioxide, oxygen and various sulfur compounds.The heated ___9___ (collect) of Martian dust, dirt and fine soil, gathered by the rover’s scoop at a location called Rocknest, also revealed a compound ___11___ (contain) chlorine and oxygen.Up until this finding, the scientists ___12___ (think) those materials only existed in the high-latitude areas of Mars. By finding them at Curiosity’s current location near the equator of Mars, the researchers say that perhaps they could be found all over the planet.Since they are formed in the presence of water, the carbonate materials ___13___ were found in their tested sample, according to the researchers, also provided clues to Martian ___14___.According to Leshin, the results of her team’s research shed light on the composition of the planet’s surface, ___15___ offering direction for future research.“We now know there should be abundant, easily ___16___ (access) water on Mars,” said Leshin. “When we send people, they could scoop up the soil anywhere on the surface, heat it just a bit, and obtain water.”Key: 1 according 2. very 3. percentage 4. up 5. scientifically 6. Findings7. which 8. heated 9. collection10. containing 11. had thought12. over 13. that 14. Water 15. While 16. Accessible scoop铲子，挖出rover漫游者chlorine 氯isotopes同位素上海英语高考2014新题型XTens of thousands of lives could be saved each year in the UK if people ___1___ (get) off the sofa and stretched their legs more, say charities. The "Walking Works" report by the Ramblers and Macmillan Cancer Support said ___2___ was a free activity which could transform people's health. Being physically active decreases the odds of heart problems and stroke. But it also makes ___3___ difference in other conditions such as type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and many cancers.I Last week a British Medical Journal study showed ___4___ exercise was as good a medicine as pills ___5___ some conditions including heart diseases and another study showed walking at least an hour a day ___6___ (significant) cut the risk of breast cancer.What is moderate physical activity?UK chief medical officers recommend 150 minutes of moderate physical activity each week. That's enough to make the heart beat ___7___ while still being able to readily have a conversation. It includes walking, cycling and gardening. The latest report said that if everyone, in England alone, did the ___8___ (recommend) 150 minutes of moderate physical exercise every week it would:Save 37,000 lives each yearPrevent 6,700 cases of breast cancerStop 4,700 people getting colorectal cancerLead to nearly 300,000 fewer cases of type 2 diabetes.The two charities run the Walking for Health programme in an attempt to get more people up ___9___ their feet. Benedict Southworth, chief executive of the Ramblers, said: "We're facing a serious crisis of inactivity, but there is a simple ___10___ (solute), "We need to see greater investment in initiatives which support and promote walking as the most accessible and ___11___ (afford) way for people to get active."Ciarán Devane, chief executive of Macmillan Cancer Support, said: "For cancer patients, being active can help manage some of the debilitating consequences of treatment and can even ___12___ reduce the chance of some cancers returning."Inactivity is a nationwide epidemic that must be tackled now before it is too late."Public Health England said ___13___ (active) had "life threatening consequences".Its director of health and wellbeing Prof Kevin Fenton said: "Inactivity increases the ___14___ of serious illnesses like type 2 diabetes, heart disease and certain cancers."It makes it more ___15___ (like) that people will be overweight or obese. Supporting people to get active ___16___ walking can be a major part of the solution."Key: 1.got 2. walking 3. that4. For 5. Significantly 6. what 7. faster8.recommended 9. On 10. solution11. affordable12. help 13. inactivity14. risk 15. likely 16. through stroke中风，抚摸，打，击 charities 慈善团体diabetes 糖尿病moderate 中等的，适度的debilitating 使虚弱，使衰弱2014上海英语高考新题型XIOne day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He ____25___ (cook) some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he found that he ___26___(run) out of salt. So Nick called to his son, “Go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it, neit her too much ___27___ too little.” His son looked surprised, “ I can understand why I shouldn’t pay too much, Father , But if I can pay less, ___28___ not save a bit of money?”“That would be a very ___29___ (reason) thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ___30___ (we) Ni ck said.Nic k’s guests, ___31___ had heard their conversation, asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply ___32___ they could. Nick replied, “The only reason why a man would sell salt ___33___ a lower price would be ___34___ he was desperate for money. And anyone who took the advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect ___35___ the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce ___36___”“But such a small thing couldn’t ___37___(possible) destroy a village.”“In the beginning, th ere was only ___38___ very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little, always ___39___ (think) that it was only small and not very important and look where we have ended ___40___ today.”25. was cooking 26. had run 27. nor 28. why 29. reasonable 30. Ours 31. who 32. if 33. in 34. that 35. to 36. service 37. possibly 38. A 39. thinking 40. up上海英语高考2014新题型XII.Grammar and V ocabulary Section ADirections:Read the following passage. For some blanks there is a word given in the brackets. Fill in each of these blanks with the proper form o f the given word. Fill in the other blanks with words that are correct in structure and proper in meaning.(A)Sports and games make our bodies strong, prevent us from getting too fat, and keep us healthy. _25_ these not their only uses. They give us va luable practice in making eyes, brain and muscles _26_ (work) together. In tennis, _27__our eyes see the ball coming, our brain has to decidewh at to do, and so send its orders to the muscles of the arms, legs and so on, so that the ball is met and hit back __28_it ought to go. All this must ha ppen with very greatspeed, and only those who have had a lot of practice at tennis can carry out this chain of events successfully. For those who work with their brains most of the day, the pracice of such skills is espcially useful.Sports and games are also very useful for character-training. __29__each of students learn to work for his team and not for himself on the fo otball field, he will __30_ (late) find it natural to work for the good of his country instead of only for his own benefit.(B)Through a series of experiments an American scientist has gained an understanding ofthe social structure of the most complex of ant societi es. The ants ___31___ (examine) are the only creatures other than man to have given up hunting and collecting for a completely agricultural w ay of life. In their underground nests they plantedgardens on soils made from finely ___32___ (cut) leaves. This is a complex operation___33__(require)considerable division of labor. The worke rs of this type of ant can___34__ (divide) into our groups according to size. Each of the groups performs a particular set of jobs.The making and care of the garden and the nursing of the young ants are done by the smallest workers. Slightly larger workers are responsi ble for cutting leaves to make them suitable for use in the gardens and for cleaning the nest. _35_thirdgroup of still larger ants do the construction work and collect fresh leaves from outside the nest. The ___36__(large) are the soldier ants, responsi ble for defending the nest. _ 37__ (find) out how good the various size-groups are at different tasks,the scientist measured the amount of work done by the ants against the amount of energy they used. He examined first the gathering and carrying of leaves. He selected one of the size groups, and then measured ___38___ efficiently these ants could find leaves and run back to the nest. Then _he repeated the experiment for each of the other size groups. __39__this way he could see whether any group could do the job more efficiently than the group normally undertaking it.Key:25. But 26. work 27. when28. where 29. If 30. later 31. examined 32. cut 33. requiring 34. be divided 35. A 36. largest 37. To find 38. how 39. In。
2014年上海新题型(语法填空)
2014年上海新题型(语法填空) D高考英语语法填空训练题2训练题3In the past few years, quite a number of men and women have chosen to do something less competitive. They are afraid that the stress and strains of work will rob them ____11_ ___ joy and happiness and ____12 ____ them harm both physically and mentally.In fact, however, stress isn’t the bad thing ____13____ it is often supposed to be. Above all, ____14____ it gets out of control, a certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and challenge, and to give purpose and significance to ____15____, otherwise meaningless, idle life. ____16___, people under stress tend to express their full range of potential and to actualize their own _____17____(person) worth—the very aim of a human life.Stress is a natural part of everyday life and _____18 ___ is no way to avoid it. What we cando is ____19____(develop) our adaptive abilities to deal with it rather than to escape ____20___ it.训练题4On keeping a Diary in EnglishKeeping a diary in English is one of the 11._____ (effect) ways to improve our English writing ability.12.______ (compare) with other forms of writing, it is shorter and takes 13.______ time. It can help us to develop the habit of thinking in English. 14.______ we persist in this practice, gradually we’ll learn how to express ourselves in English. In keeping a diary in English, we certainly run up against many 15.______. In the first place, 16.______ often happens that we have trouble finding appropriate words andphrases to give expression to our mind. Secondly, there are many idiomatic ways of saying things in Chinese. 17.______ it is extremely hard for us to put them into English properly.As far as I 18.______ (concern), my suggestion is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese-English dictionary within easy reach. Whenever something beats us, we can first put it down in our notebook and then consult our dictionary. We can also turn to our English teacher for help, if necessary. In short, I believe that it is 19.______ great use to keep a diary in English for 20.______ development of our writing skills.高考英语语法填空训练题3训练题5There are two main reasons 11 the temperature of the air is always 12 （change）. One reason is that the air around you moves in from somewhere else . Air usually moves in large bodies 13 (call) air masses. Some air masses move in from the north. These air masses usually have cold air that cause the temperature 14 (drop). Air masses also move in from the south. They usually have 15 (warm) air that causes the temperature to rise.Temperature changes during the day or night can be great 16 small. This depends partly 17 how many clouds are in the sky. 18 there are many clouds during the night, they act like tile covers on your bed. They blanket the earth and keep the air from losing much of 19 heat. The temperature usually does not drop much during such a night. When there are many cloudsduring 20 day, some of the sun's energy will not reach the earth. The temperature usually does not rise much on such a day.训练题6I have a friend who must be the sweetest, shyest person in the world. He is forty years old, rather short and 11 (skin), and has a thin moustache and even thinner hair on his head. Since his vision is not perfect, he wears glasses: 12 are small, round and frameless.He always walks sideways so 13 not to inconvenience anyone. Instead of saying “Excuse me”, he prefers to glide by one side.14 the gap is so narrow that it will not allow him to pass, Luke waits patiently 15 the obstruction (障碍物) moves by itself. Stray dogsand cats panic him, and in order to avoid them, he constantly crosses from one side of the road to the 16 .He speaks in 17 very thin, subtle voice, so inaudible that it is hard to tell if he is speaking at 18 . He has never interrupted anybody. On the other hand, he can never manage more than two words without 19 (interrupt). This does not seem to irritate him; in fact, he actually appears happy 20 (be) able to utter(发出) those two words.高考英语语法填空训练题4训练题7In the days when an ice cream cost much less, Tom, __11______ 8-year-old boy, entered a hotel coffee shop _12_____ sat at a table. A waitress put a glass of water in front of him. "How much is an ice cream?" "Fifty-cents," replied the waitress. The little boy pulled _13_____ right hand out of the pocket and studied a number of ___14___ in it."How much is a dish of plain ice cream?" he asked. Some people were now waiting for her service and the waitress grew a bit __15_____ (patience). "Thirty-five cents," she said _16_____ (rude). The little boy carefully counted the coins _17_____. "I will have a plain ice cream," he said. The waitress walked _18______. The boy finished the ice cream, paid the cashier and left. It was not long _19_____ the waitress came back and then she began to wipe down the table and suddenly was surprised at what she saw. There, _20_____ (place) neatly beside the empty dish, were two nickels and five pennies --- her tip!训练题8Vitamins are a group of substances（物质）found in food. The body needs them for life and health. So usually, many people care for the question: am I getting enough vitamins, and am I getting the right kind?Even though very small amounts of each vitamin are enough for the needs of the body, the worry people have about vitamins has some reasons. And this has to do with their ___11_ --- the food they take in. A person eating a good variety of food get all the vitamins now ___12 ___ (know) to be needed.The problem is that there are many people who don’t ___13_ __ foods wisely. So the answer ___14 ___ this question is: No extra___15_ __ are needed, ___16 __ you eat proper foods. In fact, many of the vitamins cannot be ___17_ __（store）in the body, so when extra vitamins are taken in, the body simply gets rid of them. It is even ___18 ___ (harm) to put too much of certain vitamins into the body. This has been found to be ___19 (truth) of vitamin A and D, when ___20 ___ amounts are taken in.高考英语语法填空训练题5训练题9Television is now playing a very important part in our life. But television, like many 11things, has both advantages and disadvantages. Do the 12 outweigh (比…更重要) the latter?In the first place, television is not only a convenient source of entertainment, but also 13 comparatively cheap one. For a family of four, for example, it is 14 as well as cheaper to sit comfortably at home, with almost unlimited entertainment available, than to go out in search of amusement elsewhere.All they have to do is 15 (press) a button, and they can see plays, films, operas, and shows of every kind, not to mention the latest 16 (excite) football match. Some people, 17 maintain that this is precisely 18 the danger lies. The television viewer makes no choice and exercises no judgment. He is completely passive and has everything 19 (present) to 20 without any effort on his part.训练题10I was always told that the three Ps, patience, positive thinking and perseverance（毅力），were a sure path 11 success. But this advice does not always work as planned. My high school maths exam is one example. The exam, 12 was originally to be held in our classroom, 13 (change) to the library at the last minute. This, 14 ，didn’t bother me because maths had always been my strongest subject. I patiently walked to the library, took my seat and did some deep breathing to help relax 15 ．But my mood quickly changed when I saw一16 first question. I had no idea how to do it. I tried to stay positive and persevered 17 I finally found the solution. With the problem 18 (solve), I felt proud of my achievement. 19 (fortunate), I then noticed that I had just 10minutes left 20 (complete) the rest!参考答案训练题 111. has 12. limited 13. which 14. to 15. should16. designer 17. the 18. decorated 19. to fulfill 20. its训练题211. may 12. and 13. traditionally 14. set 15. by \ beside16. after 17. All 18. including 19. Staying 20. a训练题311. of 12. do 13 that 14. unless 15. an16. Moreover/ Furthermore 17. personal18. there 19. to develop 20. from训练题411. effective 12. Compared (没大写扣0.5分) 13. less 14. If (没大写扣0.5分)15. difficulties（troubles不给分）16. it 17. And(没大写扣0.5分) 18. am concerned 19. of 20. the训练题511. why 12.changing 13.called 14.to drop 15.warmer16. or 17.on 18.When 19.its 20.the训练题611．skinny 12. they 13. as 14. If 15. until (till)16. other 17. a 18. all 19. being interrupted 20. to have been训练题711. an 12. and 13. his 14. coins 15. impatient16. rudely 17. again 18. away ( off ) 19. before 20. placed训练题811.diet 12 . known 13. choose 14. to 15. vitamins16. if 17. stored 18. harmful 19. true 10. large训练题911. other 12. former 13. a 14. more convenient 15. to press16. exciting 17. however 18. where 19. presented 20. him训练题1011. to 12. which 13．was changed 14. however 15. myself16. the 17. until 18. solved 19. Unfortunately 20. to complete。
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2014上海英语高考新题型IThe mass escape of Jews from Nazi-occupied DenmarkSeventy years ago this month, ___1___ extraordinary mass escape happened from Nazi-___2___ (occupy) Denmark. In September that year, the Nazi secret police - the Gestapo - ___3___ (decide) to deport all Danish Jews to concentration camps, just as they'd done to millions of other Jews across Europe. Tipped off about German plans, to deport them to concentration camps, almost the entire Jewish population - several thousand people - fled their homes and left the country.As he stepped onto the fishing boat ___4___ was meant to carry them across the Baltic sea to ___5___ (safe), 14-year-old Bent Melchior feared he might never see his home again.A week ___6___ (early), he had left the home in Copenhagen he shared with his parents and four siblings. It was 8 October 1943 andDenmark was under Nazi ___7___ (occupy). Along with thousands of other Danish Jews, Bent and his family were fleeing the Germans."We were gathered in this boat ___8___ was supposed to carry herrings, but ___9___ it was now carrying ___10___beings" he says.They set off after dark. There were 19 people on the boat, hiding below deck in case German planes ___11___ (spot) them from overhead.The night air was chilly and the sea rough."People ___12___ were on the boat started to be sick, and every minute felt ___13___ an hour". Danish Jews in a fishing boat on their way to Sweden, October 1943, Melchior and his family were ___14___ of a mass escape. That autumn night, 2,500 Jews set sail for neighboring Sweden from Danish beaches and ports, in rowing boats, canoes, as stowaways on ferries and cargo ships. Some even swam across.…___15___ 19 months in Sweden, the German occupation of Denmark was over. Liberation came on 4 May, 1945 and the refugees were free to return home. Melchior and his family moved ___16___ into their old apartment in Copenhagen.Key:1.an2. occupied3. had decided4. that5. safety6. earlier7. occupied8. that /which9. instead10. human 11. should spot12. who13. like14. part15. After16. backsiblings 同胞，兄弟姐妹herring鲱鱼上海英语高考2014新题型II.As North Pole Ice Melts, More Ships Take Arctic ShortcutJames BrookeOctober 04, 2013SALEKHARD, RUSSIA — For centuries, polar bears have enjoyed Arctic waters in ___1___ (isolate). But now, they are getting company in the summer.Last summer, China sent its first icebreaker, the Snow Dragon, over the top of Russia, from Shanghai to Iceland.This summer, the Yong Sheng, a freighter ___2___ (operate) by China's COSCO shipping company, became the first Chinese merchant vessel to take the ___3___. It sailed from Shanghai to Rotterdam, cutting two weeks ___4___ the usual route, through Egypt’s Suez Canal.Satellite photos by the U.S. space agency, NASA, show that the white Arctic ice around the North Pole ___5___ every summer. It is replaced by more and more open water, ___6___ appears black in the photos.Even Russian President Vladimir Putin agrees with the American scientists."It is absolutely clear now ___7___ the climate is changing. Everyone is talking about this,” he told an Arctic Forum held here recently. “It is clear now that the northern latitudes can be open for shipping for 100 days or perhaps 150 days, and ___8___ new regions are opening up for economic activity."While Russia invests in more icebreakers, Arctic experts gathered at the forum say they see growing opportunities for trade.Felix Tschudi, chairman of a Norwegian ___9___ company, has shipped iron ore from northern Norway to China.“We believe that the potential of the Northern Sea Route is large,” said Tschudi, a promoter of the route. “It will not be like an ___10___ (explode). In 2010, there were four ships using the transit route. In 2011, there were 34. And in 2012 there were 46. This year we expect around50 ships.”Lawson Brigham was the captain of a United States Coast Guard icebreaker based in Alaska."Really, we're looking at a seasonal supplement to the Suez Canal, ___11___ (carry) natural resources,” he said. “We're not going to retool the global container ship traffic.”Environmental concerns Indigenous leaders and environmentalists worry about the potential for an oil spill in the fragile environment of the high north.Aqqaluk Lynge, from Greenland, is chairman of the Inuit Circumpolar Council.“You cannot use the Arctic ___12___ a laboratory. It's not a laboratory. The Arctic Ocean is not the last frontier. It's our home. People ___13___ to remember that people live there,” he said at the conference. “We are very concerned about the tourist liners' travel routes up to east Greenland and other parts of Greenland ___14___ there's simply no rescue possibility in those areas.”But his neighbor Olafur Grimsson, the president of Iceland, welcomes Chinese ships.He told forum attendees: "Next month the CEO of COSCO, ___15___ largest shipping company in China, will explain at the new Arctic Circle Assembly in Reykjavik how China is preparing for a new era in global shipping when the melting of the Arctic sea-ice will connect Asia in a new way to America and Europe.”What may be bad for polar bears, may be good for shipping ___16___ China and Europe.Key: 1.isolation2. operated3. shortcut4. off5. shrinks 6.which7. that8. that9. shipping10. explosion11. carrying12. as13. have14. because15. the16. between高考新题型2014III.A.Everyone can live longer by allowing himself a little fun, according to research published in London. Two _________ (depend) scientific studies found that, regardless of background and circumstances, everyone tends to have the same “pleasure quota.” _________ , different groups of people get their pleasure in different ways. Researchers asked over 4,000 people in eight countries to assess their level of enjoyment from 13 everyday activities including sex, a glass of wine, a piece of chocolate, tea or coffee or watching TV. “There is ________ wealth of evidence to suggest that the cumulative effect of these little pleasures and happy moments can make us all live longer,” they said. People ________ low incomes get more fun of simple everyday pleasure such as eating a chocolate bar or watching television while those earning over US$ 100,000 a year prefer _______ (eat) out as an enjoyment Researchers advised us that no matter ________ our personal circumstances are, we can and should try to introduce as much happy moments as possible into our lives.B.William H. Gates, 40, is chairman and chief executive officer of MicrosoftCorporation, the leading provider of software for personal computers worldwide. With net revenues of $5.94 billion for the fiscal year _______ (end) June 1995, Microsoft employs more than 18,000 people in 48 countries.Gates began his career in _________ (person) computer software when he startedprogramming at age 13 while a student at the Lakeside school. In 1974, _________an undergraduate at Harvard University, he developed BASIC for the first microcomputer, the MITS Altair, _________started the era of hobbyist computing . ________ (lead) by the belief _________ the personal computer would ultimately be a valuable tool on every office desktop and in every home, Gates formed Microsoft with Paul Alien in 1975 _________ (develop) software for personal computers.Gates early foresight about personal computing and his continuing vision have been central to Microsoft and the software industry. Gates is actively ________ (involve) in significant operating and strategic decisions at development and management of the company. A significant portion of his day is also devoted to ________ with customers and staying in contact with Microsoft’s employees around the world through e-mail. Gates is married and lives in Bellevue, Washington. Gates is interested in biotechnology and sits on the boards of Darwin Molecular and the Icos Corporation. He is an avid reader and enjoys playing golf and bridge. ________ technology, to make it easier and more enjoyable for people to use software. The company is committed to the long term by investing in new technology, state-of-the-art projects and new products for the further expansion of personal computing.Key: A1.independent 2. However 3. a 4. on5. eating 6. What B 1.ending 2. personal 3.while 4. which 5. Led 6. that7.to develop8. involved9. meeting10. With revenues税收avid 渴望的上海英语高考2014新题型IV.Kip KeinoKipchoge Keino is a modest man, and it takes some prodding to get the great Kenyan runner to recall _____1____ he felt on Oct, 20, 1968- when he won his first gold medal, in the 1,500 meters in Mexico City. The day hadn’t started out well, Keino ____2_____ (suffer) from stomach pains that later turned out to be a severe gallbladder infection. His doctors advised ____3_____ running; he ignored them. During the race, Keino was so focused on competing against American ace Jim Ryun _____4____ , in retrospect, “without watching a video, I wouldn’t know what happened at the finish.” He does remember what happened next. “I ran an____5_____ lap. I ran it to celebrate and to let my body recover. I felt overcome by the excitement.” It was not only memorable event in his life that day. Back home, his wife, Phyllis, gave birth ____6____ their third daughter, named Milka Olympia Chelagat in celebration of her father’s _____7_____.Keino went on to win a silver medal in the 5,000 meters in Mexico City and a gold and a silver four years later in Munich. He then became Kenya’s Olympic _____8____(run) coach from 1976 to 1986, furthering his nation’s ____9_____ (dominant) in distance events. Kenya runners have captured 32 Olympic ___10___ medals since 1964 and won the last six consecutive Boston Marathons. This summer, Keino will be in Atlanta as chief of the 120-athlete Kenyan delegation, which could include his son Martn, 23, a former NCAA 5,000-meter champion at the University of Arizona, ____11_____ (hope) to qualify for the 1,500 meters.But Keino’s athletic _____12_____ (accomplish) are not the ____13_____ reason he is a hero in the town of Eldoret in northwestern Kenya. Thirty years ago. Keino and his wife – who now have seven children of their own – began taking orphans into their home. Their house became so crowded that they raised ____14____ to build a dormitory and a dining hall on a nearby farm Keino owns. Income _____15____ (support) the facility comes from the farm, his sports shop and fees he has received from the Kenyan government over the years. Today, 73 children and young adults – aged 2 to 22 – live on the farm. “I think I have been lucky,” Keino says. “Now what is important is ____16____ I use what I have to help others.”Key: 1.how2. was suffering 3. against 4. that 5. honor6.to7. victory8. running9. dominance10. track11. hoping12.accomplishments13.only14. funds15. to support16. How prod刺激gallbladder胆囊retrospect回顾，回想consecutive连续的，连贯的，顺序的上海英语高考2014新题型V.A Good Couple Supports Each OtherRodney Mace, 35, ____1_____ (marry) with two young children, and is a part-time teacher of _____2______ (architecture) history, “I am constantly surprised by other people’s surprise, when they come to the house and see me _____3_____ (clean) a floor or hanging out the washing. Their eyes open wide at the sight of it! Much of the comment comes from men. But I am even more surprised ___4___ the number of women who comment too.”His wife Jane, an Oxford graduate in modern languages, has a ____5___ (demand) full-time job. She is director of the Cambridge House literacy scheme for adults in South London. Her working week involves several evenings and Saturdays, and at these times her husband is in sole ____6___ of home and family. ___7___ from this, they share household jobs and ___8___ a child-minder for the afternoons. This enables him to teach two days a week and to do ___9___ he considers his principal work: writing. He has written several books and spends much of histime in the British Museum Reading Room, cycling there from his home in Brixton.People ask the Maces ___10___ they think their children miss them. One can argue that ___11___ (satisfy) parents generally have satisfied children, but in any case the Maces are careful to reserve time and energy to play with their children. “And they have now developed relationships with other adults and children.Previously, Rodney Mace worked full-time and Jane only part-time. Then 18 months ago, the director of the literacy scheme left. “It seems to me that Jane was very well suited to do this job. She was very doubtful about it. But I urged her to ____12___. She did, and she got it.”Jane Mace confirms that she needed this ___13___ (courage), as so many women initially do.Did his male ego suffer from the change-over? Nothing like that occurred. But he still seems amazed at the way it changed his thinking. “I felt that we were finally going to be partners. I felt enormous ___14___, I wasn’t avoiding responsibility, but changing it. Our relationship is so much better now. It has been a change for ___15___ good for both of us – think for all of us, in every aspect of our lives. I cannot overemphasize that: in every aspect, I think it is fundamental ___16___ the woman works. The idea of equal partnership is an illusion if one partner doesn’t work.”Key 1. is married 2. architectural 3. cleaning4. at 5. Demanding 6. charge7. Apart8. employ9. what10. if11. satisfied12. apply13.encouragement14. relief15. the16. that上海英语高考2014新题VI．U.S. President Barack Obama says he expects Congress to increase the country's borrowing limit before a mid-October deadline, ___1___ (ensure) that the United States does not default on its financial obligations.With the U.S. government in the fifth day of a ___2___ (part) shutdown, it also faces ___3___ out of money to pay its bills on October 17, including interest ___4___ government bonds held by China, Japan and other overseas investors.In a wide-ranging interview with The Associated Press released Saturday, Obama said he expects Congress will increase the country's $16.7 trillion debt ceiling ___5___the United States can borrow more money."America has ___6___ not paid its bills, and I've said repeatedly ___7___ that is not something anybody should be threatening," he said. "The potential default of the United States, where we are ___8___ (essential) deadbeats, that's never ___ 9___ (happen)."Obama, a Democrat in his fifth year at the White House, is locked in a political deadlock with Republican opponents in Congress over government spending policies and implementation of his signature legislative achievement: wide-ranging health care changes ___10___ are now taking effect.Willing to negotiateThe president said he is willing to negotiate changes to the health law and reduce spending, but not until Congress agrees to end the shutdown and raises the debt ceiling without conditions. Republicans opposed to the health care reforms are trying to end funding for or delay that program, ___11___ is commonly known in the U.S. as "Obamacare."Opposition Republicans have insisted that they will only approve a spending bill to reopen the government ___12___ Obama and Democratic leaders agree to negotiations on the separate issue of the health ___13___ plan.With Congress deadlocked, a lack of funds has stopped or sharply decreased a wide variety of government services. All national parks, museums and the Library of Congress ___14____ (close) since Tuesday, and scientific research at the National Institutes of Health and the space agency, NASA, has been almost entirely suspended. These actions prompted ___15___ agencies to order about 800,000 federal workers on furlough status — sending them home without pay and barring them from remaining at their jobs, even ___16___ (volunteer).Key: 1. ensuring2. partial 3. running 4. on5. so6. never7. that8. essentially9. happened10. that11. which12. if13. care14. have been15. government16. Voluntarily default违约deadbeat 赖账者implementation工具deadlock僵持上海英语高考2014新题型VII.NEW YORK — One of America’s iconic attractions, The Statue of Liberty, was seen but not touched on Tuesday after a U.S. government shutdown forced the ___1___ ( close) of some of the nation's great tourist attractions.Tourists ___2___ gathered at the southern tip of Manhattan expected to board a boat on Tuesday and climb the Statue of Liberty. But Lady Liberty, with her lamp of freedom___3___ (hold) high, was closed because the U.S. government had shut down.They could still see it, but only ___4___ the boat that normally disgorges tourists at New York's iconic spots: Liberty Island and Ellis Island ___5____. In better times, millions visit these sights every year.Will Koehn from Missouri seemed ___6___ (surprise) that he couldn't get there.“We came here today to see the Statue of Liberty, came to the ticket booth and weren’t ___7___ to go on to the Island and ___8___(disappointment) somewhat," said Koehn.To some foreign tourists, the government shutdown was more than ___9___ a disappointment.“I think the image may be tarnished a bit, ___10___ as a tourist, as a foreigner coming to the United States to see this country and to experience the American ___ 11____, the American lifestyle, and I didn’t get that and I kind of expected that and having paid for that ____12____(know) that America is a developed country, not a developing country," said Payal Patel from Great Britain.“It’s really hard to believe___13___a Congress can hold its people to ransom and I kind of have the impression ___14___ they want to antagonize the people of America and make them angry," said Tina Marie from Australia. "A whole lot of people aren’t ___15___ (pay)today.What’s that all about?"Nevertheless, tourists tried to get as close as they could, on the day America put a ___16___on its landmarks.1.closure2. who3. held4. from5. nearby6. surprised7. able8. am disappointed9. a10. because11. culture12. having known13. that14. that15. being paid16. lockdisgorge 吐，涌出，流上海英语高考2014新题型VIII．The Olympic Torch Takes a SpacewalkPosted October 5th, 2013 at 6:45 am (UTC-4)Yes you read right! The Sochi 2014 Olympic torch will make a historic ___1___ (appear) in space as part of its relay from Greece to Russia for the ____2___ Olympics next year.I’m sure like me, some of you are wondering ___3___ this is going to work. I’m no rocket scientist, ___4___ the little Einstein in my head tells me the Olympic torch will ___5___ (certain) not be burning way up there in space.The torch is ___6___ to arrive at the International Space Station (ISS) ___7___ the Soyuz TMA-11M manned spaceship in November. Russian cosmonauts Oleg Kotov and Sergie Ryazansky ___8___ (task) with the Olympic assignment.For ___9___(safe) reasons, the torch will not be lit during the spacewalk, according to Dmitry Chernyshenko, the President of the Sochi 2014 Organizing Committee. Yes, I ___10___( breath) easier, Olympic fans! Whew!!!The captain of the spacecraft, Mikhail Tyurin, ____11___ received the Sochi 2014 Olympic Torch at a ___12___ in June, will be responsible for passing it over to cosmonaut Fyodor Yurchikhin, who is currently based on the ISS. He will then deliver the torch ___14___ to Earth.The spacewalk by the two Russians will be a great moment in Olympic Torch Relay history. The Sonny Side of Sports ___15___ (look) forward to more fantastic feats during the winter sports festival, ___16___ officially opens February 7th in Sochi.Key：1.appearance 2. Winter 3. how4. but5. Certainly 6. due7. on8. have been tasked9. safety10. am breathing11. who12. ceremony13. back14. by15. is looking 16. which上海英语高考2014新题型IX．Curiosity Rover Finds Water on MarsPosted September 27th, 2013 at 6:33 pm (UTC+0)The Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) suite of instruments, prior to its installation on Curiosity. (NASA)The first scoop of Martian soil analyzed by Curiosity Rover’s built-in laboratory has revealed a high amount of water in the soil, ___1___ to NASA.“One of the most exciting results from this ___2___ first solid sample obtained by Curiosity is the high ___3___ (percent) of water in the soil,” said Curiosity researcher Laurie Leshin, of the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. “About 2 percent of the soil on the surface of Mars is made ___4___ of water, which is a great resource, and interesting ___5___ (science).”Researchers made their ___6___ (find) using Curiosity’s Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) unit, ___7___ includes three sophisticated instruments. SAM allowed the scientists to identify a wide range of chemical compounds and to calculate the ratios of different isotopes of the sample’s key elements.The same soil sample, when ___8___ (heat) to 835 degrees Celsius, showed significant amounts of carbon dioxide, oxygen and various sulfur compounds.The heated ___9___ (collect) of Martian dust, dirt and fine soil, gathered by the rover’s scoop at a location called Rocknest, also revealed a compound ___11___ (contain) chlorine and oxygen.Up until this finding, the scientists ___12___ (think) those materials only existed in the high-latitude areas of Mars. By finding them at Curiosity’s current location near the equator of Mars, the researchers say that perhaps they could be found all over the planet.Since they are formed in the presence of water, the carbonate materials ___13___ were found in their tested sample, according to the researchers, also provided clues to Martian ___14___.According to Leshin, the results of her team’s research shed light on the composition of the planet’s surface, ___15___ offering direction for future research.“We now know there should be abundant, easily ___16___ (access) water on Mars,” said Leshin. “When we send people, they could scoop up the soil anywhere on the surface, heat it just a bit, and obtain water.”Key: 1 according 2. very 3. percentage 4. up5. scientifically 6. Findings7. which8. heated9. collection10. containing11. had thought12. over13. that14. Water15. While16. Accessible scoop铲子，挖出rover漫游者chlorine 氯isotopes同位素上海英语高考2014新题型XTens of thousands of lives could be saved each year in the UK if people ___1___ (get) off the sofa and stretched their legs more, say charities. The "Walking Works" report by the Ramblers and Macmillan Cancer Support said ___2___ was a free activity which could transform people's health. Being physically active decreases the odds of heart problems and stroke. But it also makes ___3___ difference in other conditions such as type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and many cancers.I Last week a British Medical Journal study showed ___4___ exercise was as good a medicine as pills ___5___ some conditions including heart diseases and another study showed walking at least an hour a day ___6___ (significant) cut the risk of breast cancer.What is moderate physical activity?UK chief medical officers recommend 150 minutes of moderate physical activity each week. That's enough to make the heart beat ___7___ while still being able to readily have a conversation. It includes walking, cycling and gardening. The latest report said that if everyone, in England alone, did the ___8___ (recommend) 150 minutes of moderate physical exercise every week it would:Save 37,000 lives each yearPrevent 6,700 cases of breast cancerStop 4,700 people getting colorectal cancerLead to nearly 300,000 fewer cases of type 2 diabetes.The two charities run the Walking for Health programme in an attempt to get more people up ___9___ their feet. Benedict Southworth, chief executive of the Ramblers, said: "We're facing a serious crisis of inactivity, but there is a simple ___10___ (solute), "We need to see greater investment in initiatives which support and promote walking as the most accessible and ___11___ (afford) way for people to get active."Ciarán Devane, chief executive of Macmillan Cancer Support, said: "For cancer patients, being active can help manage some of the debilitating consequences of treatment and can even ___12___ reduce the chance of some cancers returning."Inactivity is a nationwide epidemic that must be tackled now before it is too late."Public Health England said ___13___ (active) had "life threatening consequences".Its director of health and wellbeing Prof Kevin Fenton said: "Inactivity increases the ___14___ of serious illnesses like type 2 diabetes, heart disease and certain cancers."It makes it more ___15___ (like) that people will be overweight or obese. Supporting people to get active ___16___ walking can be a major part of the solution."Key: 1.got 2. walking3. that4. For 5. Significantly 6. what 7. faster8.recommended9. On 10. solution11. affordable12. help13. inactivity14. risk15. likely16. through stroke中风，抚摸，打，击charities慈善团体diabetes糖尿病moderate 中等的，适度的debilitating 使虚弱，使衰弱2014上海英语高考新题型XIOne day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He ____25___ (cook) some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he found that he ___26___(run) out of salt. So Nick called to his son, “Go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it, neither too much ___27___ too little.” His son looked surprised, “ I can understand why I shouldn’t pay too much, Father , But if I can pay less, ___28___ not save a bit of money?”“That would be a very ___29___ (reason) thing to do in a big city, but it could destroy a small village like ___30___ (we) Nick said.Nick’s guests, ___31___ had heard their conversation, asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply ___32___ they could. Nick replied, “The only reason why a man would sell salt ___33___ a lower price would be ___34___ he was desperate for money. And anyone who took the advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect ___35___ the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce ___36___”“But such a small thing couldn’t ___37___(possible) destroy a village.”“In the beginning, there was only ___38___ very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little, always ___39___ (think) that it was only small and not very important and look where we have ended ___40___ today.”25. was cooking26. had run27. nor28. why29. reasonable30. Ours 31. who32. if33. in34. that35. to36. service37. possibly 38. A 39. thinking 40. up上海英语高考2014新题型XII.Grammar and Vocabulary Section ADirections:Read the following passage. For some blanks there is a word given in the brackets. Fill in each of these blanks with the proper form o f the given word. Fill in the other blanks with words that are correct in structure and proper in meaning.(A)Sports and games make our bodies strong, prevent us from getting too fat, and keep us healthy. _25_ these not their only uses. They give us va luable practice in making eyes, brain and muscles _26_ (work) together. In tennis, _27__our eyes see the ball coming, our brain has to decidewh at to do, and so send its orders to the muscles of the arms, legs and so on, so that the ball is met and hit back __28_it ought to go. All this must h appen with very greatspeed, and only those who have had a lot of practice at tennis can carry out this chain of events successfully. For those who work with their brains most of the day, the pracice of such skills is espcially useful.Sports and games are also very useful for character-training. __29__each of students learn to work for his team and not for himself on the football field, he will __30_ (late) find it natural to work f or the good of his country instead of only for his own benefit.(B)Through a series of experiments an American scientist has gained an understanding ofthe social structure of the most complex of ant societi es. The ants ___31___ (examine) are the only creatures other than man to have given up hunting and collecting for a completely agricultural w ay of life. In their underground nests they plantedgardens on soils made from finely ___32___ (cut) leaves. This is a complex operation___33__(require)considerable division of labor. The worke rs of this type of ant can___34__ (divide) into our groups according to size. Each of the groups performs a particular set of jobs.The making and care of the garden and the nursing of the young ants are done by the smallest workers. Slightly larger workers are responsi ble for cutting leaves to make them suitable for use in the gardens and for cleaning the nest. _35_thirdgroup of still larger ants do the construction work and collect fresh leaves from outside the nest. The ___36__(large) are the soldier ants, respons ible for defending the nest. _ 37__ (find) out how good the various size-groups are at different tasks,the scientist measured the amount of work done by the ants against the amount of energy they used. He examined first the gathering and carrying of leaves. He selected one of the size groups, and then measured ___38___ efficiently these ants could find leaves and run back to the nest. The n_he repeated the experiment for each of the other size groups. __39__this way he could see whether any group could do the job more efficientl y than the group normally undertaking it.Key:25. But 26. work 27. when28. where 29. If 30. later 31. examined 32. cut 33. requiring 34. be divided 35. A 36. largest 37. To find 38. how 39. In。