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OSHA现场作业手册说明书

DIRECTIVE NUMBER: CPL 02-00-150 EFFECTIVE DATE: April 22, 2011 SUBJECT: Field Operations Manual (FOM)ABSTRACTPurpose: This instruction cancels and replaces OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-148,Field Operations Manual (FOM), issued November 9, 2009, whichreplaced the September 26, 1994 Instruction that implemented the FieldInspection Reference Manual (FIRM). The FOM is a revision of OSHA’senforcement policies and procedures manual that provides the field officesa reference document for identifying the responsibilities associated withthe majority of their inspection duties. This Instruction also cancels OSHAInstruction FAP 01-00-003 Federal Agency Safety and Health Programs,May 17, 1996 and Chapter 13 of OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-045,Revised Field Operations Manual, June 15, 1989.Scope: OSHA-wide.References: Title 29 Code of Federal Regulations §1903.6, Advance Notice ofInspections; 29 Code of Federal Regulations §1903.14, Policy RegardingEmployee Rescue Activities; 29 Code of Federal Regulations §1903.19,Abatement Verification; 29 Code of Federal Regulations §1904.39,Reporting Fatalities and Multiple Hospitalizations to OSHA; and Housingfor Agricultural Workers: Final Rule, Federal Register, March 4, 1980 (45FR 14180).Cancellations: OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-148, Field Operations Manual, November9, 2009.OSHA Instruction FAP 01-00-003, Federal Agency Safety and HealthPrograms, May 17, 1996.Chapter 13 of OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-045, Revised FieldOperations Manual, June 15, 1989.State Impact: Notice of Intent and Adoption required. See paragraph VI.Action Offices: National, Regional, and Area OfficesOriginating Office: Directorate of Enforcement Programs Contact: Directorate of Enforcement ProgramsOffice of General Industry Enforcement200 Constitution Avenue, NW, N3 119Washington, DC 20210202-693-1850By and Under the Authority ofDavid Michaels, PhD, MPHAssistant SecretaryExecutive SummaryThis instruction cancels and replaces OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-148, Field Operations Manual (FOM), issued November 9, 2009. The one remaining part of the prior Field Operations Manual, the chapter on Disclosure, will be added at a later date. This Instruction also cancels OSHA Instruction FAP 01-00-003 Federal Agency Safety and Health Programs, May 17, 1996 and Chapter 13 of OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-045, Revised Field Operations Manual, June 15, 1989. This Instruction constitutes OSHA’s general enforcement policies and procedures manual for use by the field offices in conducting inspections, issuing citations and proposing penalties.Significant Changes∙A new Table of Contents for the entire FOM is added.∙ A new References section for the entire FOM is added∙ A new Cancellations section for the entire FOM is added.∙Adds a Maritime Industry Sector to Section III of Chapter 10, Industry Sectors.∙Revises sections referring to the Enhanced Enforcement Program (EEP) replacing the information with the Severe Violator Enforcement Program (SVEP).∙Adds Chapter 13, Federal Agency Field Activities.∙Cancels OSHA Instruction FAP 01-00-003, Federal Agency Safety and Health Programs, May 17, 1996.DisclaimerThis manual is intended to provide instruction regarding some of the internal operations of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), and is solely for the benefit of the Government. No duties, rights, or benefits, substantive or procedural, are created or implied by this manual. The contents of this manual are not enforceable by any person or entity against the Department of Labor or the United States. Statements which reflect current Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission or court precedents do not necessarily indicate acquiescence with those precedents.Table of ContentsCHAPTER 1INTRODUCTIONI.PURPOSE. ........................................................................................................... 1-1 II.SCOPE. ................................................................................................................ 1-1 III.REFERENCES .................................................................................................... 1-1 IV.CANCELLATIONS............................................................................................. 1-8 V. ACTION INFORMATION ................................................................................. 1-8A.R ESPONSIBLE O FFICE.......................................................................................................................................... 1-8B.A CTION O FFICES. .................................................................................................................... 1-8C. I NFORMATION O FFICES............................................................................................................ 1-8 VI. STATE IMPACT. ................................................................................................ 1-8 VII.SIGNIFICANT CHANGES. ............................................................................... 1-9 VIII.BACKGROUND. ................................................................................................. 1-9 IX. DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY. ........................................................ 1-10A.T HE A CT................................................................................................................................................................. 1-10B. C OMPLIANCE S AFETY AND H EALTH O FFICER (CSHO). ...........................................................1-10B.H E/S HE AND H IS/H ERS ..................................................................................................................................... 1-10C.P ROFESSIONAL J UDGMENT............................................................................................................................... 1-10E. W ORKPLACE AND W ORKSITE ......................................................................................................................... 1-10CHAPTER 2PROGRAM PLANNINGI.INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 2-1 II.AREA OFFICE RESPONSIBILITIES. .............................................................. 2-1A.P ROVIDING A SSISTANCE TO S MALL E MPLOYERS. ...................................................................................... 2-1B.A REA O FFICE O UTREACH P ROGRAM. ............................................................................................................. 2-1C. R ESPONDING TO R EQUESTS FOR A SSISTANCE. ............................................................................................ 2-2 III. OSHA COOPERATIVE PROGRAMS OVERVIEW. ...................................... 2-2A.V OLUNTARY P ROTECTION P ROGRAM (VPP). ........................................................................... 2-2B.O NSITE C ONSULTATION P ROGRAM. ................................................................................................................ 2-2C.S TRATEGIC P ARTNERSHIPS................................................................................................................................. 2-3D.A LLIANCE P ROGRAM ........................................................................................................................................... 2-3 IV. ENFORCEMENT PROGRAM SCHEDULING. ................................................ 2-4A.G ENERAL ................................................................................................................................................................. 2-4B.I NSPECTION P RIORITY C RITERIA. ..................................................................................................................... 2-4C.E FFECT OF C ONTEST ............................................................................................................................................ 2-5D.E NFORCEMENT E XEMPTIONS AND L IMITATIONS. ....................................................................................... 2-6E.P REEMPTION BY A NOTHER F EDERAL A GENCY ........................................................................................... 2-6F.U NITED S TATES P OSTAL S ERVICE. .................................................................................................................. 2-7G.H OME-B ASED W ORKSITES. ................................................................................................................................ 2-8H.I NSPECTION/I NVESTIGATION T YPES. ............................................................................................................... 2-8 V.UNPROGRAMMED ACTIVITY – HAZARD EVALUATION AND INSPECTION SCHEDULING ............................................................................ 2-9 VI.PROGRAMMED INSPECTIONS. ................................................................... 2-10A.S ITE-S PECIFIC T ARGETING (SST) P ROGRAM. ............................................................................................. 2-10B.S CHEDULING FOR C ONSTRUCTION I NSPECTIONS. ..................................................................................... 2-10C.S CHEDULING FOR M ARITIME I NSPECTIONS. ............................................................................. 2-11D.S PECIAL E MPHASIS P ROGRAMS (SEP S). ................................................................................... 2-12E.N ATIONAL E MPHASIS P ROGRAMS (NEP S) ............................................................................... 2-13F.L OCAL E MPHASIS P ROGRAMS (LEP S) AND R EGIONAL E MPHASIS P ROGRAMS (REP S) ............ 2-13G.O THER S PECIAL P ROGRAMS. ............................................................................................................................ 2-13H.I NSPECTION S CHEDULING AND I NTERFACE WITH C OOPERATIVE P ROGRAM P ARTICIPANTS ....... 2-13CHAPTER 3INSPECTION PROCEDURESI.INSPECTION PREPARATION. .......................................................................... 3-1 II.INSPECTION PLANNING. .................................................................................. 3-1A.R EVIEW OF I NSPECTION H ISTORY .................................................................................................................... 3-1B.R EVIEW OF C OOPERATIVE P ROGRAM P ARTICIPATION .............................................................................. 3-1C.OSHA D ATA I NITIATIVE (ODI) D ATA R EVIEW .......................................................................................... 3-2D.S AFETY AND H EALTH I SSUES R ELATING TO CSHO S.................................................................. 3-2E.A DVANCE N OTICE. ................................................................................................................................................ 3-3F.P RE-I NSPECTION C OMPULSORY P ROCESS ...................................................................................................... 3-5G.P ERSONAL S ECURITY C LEARANCE. ................................................................................................................. 3-5H.E XPERT A SSISTANCE. ........................................................................................................................................... 3-5 III. INSPECTION SCOPE. ......................................................................................... 3-6A.C OMPREHENSIVE ................................................................................................................................................... 3-6B.P ARTIAL. ................................................................................................................................................................... 3-6 IV. CONDUCT OF INSPECTION .............................................................................. 3-6A.T IME OF I NSPECTION............................................................................................................................................. 3-6B.P RESENTING C REDENTIALS. ............................................................................................................................... 3-6C.R EFUSAL TO P ERMIT I NSPECTION AND I NTERFERENCE ............................................................................. 3-7D.E MPLOYEE P ARTICIPATION. ............................................................................................................................... 3-9E.R ELEASE FOR E NTRY ............................................................................................................................................ 3-9F.B ANKRUPT OR O UT OF B USINESS. .................................................................................................................... 3-9G.E MPLOYEE R ESPONSIBILITIES. ................................................................................................. 3-10H.S TRIKE OR L ABOR D ISPUTE ............................................................................................................................. 3-10I. V ARIANCES. .......................................................................................................................................................... 3-11 V. OPENING CONFERENCE. ................................................................................ 3-11A.G ENERAL ................................................................................................................................................................ 3-11B.R EVIEW OF A PPROPRIATION A CT E XEMPTIONS AND L IMITATION. ..................................................... 3-13C.R EVIEW S CREENING FOR P ROCESS S AFETY M ANAGEMENT (PSM) C OVERAGE............................. 3-13D.R EVIEW OF V OLUNTARY C OMPLIANCE P ROGRAMS. ................................................................................ 3-14E.D ISRUPTIVE C ONDUCT. ...................................................................................................................................... 3-15F.C LASSIFIED A REAS ............................................................................................................................................. 3-16VI. REVIEW OF RECORDS. ................................................................................... 3-16A.I NJURY AND I LLNESS R ECORDS...................................................................................................................... 3-16B.R ECORDING C RITERIA. ...................................................................................................................................... 3-18C. R ECORDKEEPING D EFICIENCIES. .................................................................................................................. 3-18 VII. WALKAROUND INSPECTION. ....................................................................... 3-19A.W ALKAROUND R EPRESENTATIVES ............................................................................................................... 3-19B.E VALUATION OF S AFETY AND H EALTH M ANAGEMENT S YSTEM. ....................................................... 3-20C.R ECORD A LL F ACTS P ERTINENT TO A V IOLATION. ................................................................................. 3-20D.T ESTIFYING IN H EARINGS ................................................................................................................................ 3-21E.T RADE S ECRETS. ................................................................................................................................................. 3-21F.C OLLECTING S AMPLES. ..................................................................................................................................... 3-22G.P HOTOGRAPHS AND V IDEOTAPES.................................................................................................................. 3-22H.V IOLATIONS OF O THER L AWS. ....................................................................................................................... 3-23I.I NTERVIEWS OF N ON-M ANAGERIAL E MPLOYEES .................................................................................... 3-23J.M ULTI-E MPLOYER W ORKSITES ..................................................................................................................... 3-27 K.A DMINISTRATIVE S UBPOENA.......................................................................................................................... 3-27 L.E MPLOYER A BATEMENT A SSISTANCE. ........................................................................................................ 3-27 VIII. CLOSING CONFERENCE. .............................................................................. 3-28A.P ARTICIPANTS. ..................................................................................................................................................... 3-28B.D ISCUSSION I TEMS. ............................................................................................................................................ 3-28C.A DVICE TO A TTENDEES .................................................................................................................................... 3-29D.P ENALTIES............................................................................................................................................................. 3-30E.F EASIBLE A DMINISTRATIVE, W ORK P RACTICE AND E NGINEERING C ONTROLS. ............................ 3-30F.R EDUCING E MPLOYEE E XPOSURE. ................................................................................................................ 3-32G.A BATEMENT V ERIFICATION. ........................................................................................................................... 3-32H.E MPLOYEE D ISCRIMINATION .......................................................................................................................... 3-33 IX. SPECIAL INSPECTION PROCEDURES. ...................................................... 3-33A.F OLLOW-UP AND M ONITORING I NSPECTIONS............................................................................................ 3-33B.C ONSTRUCTION I NSPECTIONS ......................................................................................................................... 3-34C. F EDERAL A GENCY I NSPECTIONS. ................................................................................................................. 3-35CHAPTER 4VIOLATIONSI. BASIS OF VIOLATIONS ..................................................................................... 4-1A.S TANDARDS AND R EGULATIONS. .................................................................................................................... 4-1B.E MPLOYEE E XPOSURE. ........................................................................................................................................ 4-3C.R EGULATORY R EQUIREMENTS. ........................................................................................................................ 4-6D.H AZARD C OMMUNICATION. .............................................................................................................................. 4-6E. E MPLOYER/E MPLOYEE R ESPONSIBILITIES ................................................................................................... 4-6 II. SERIOUS VIOLATIONS. .................................................................................... 4-8A.S ECTION 17(K). ......................................................................................................................... 4-8B.E STABLISHING S ERIOUS V IOLATIONS ............................................................................................................ 4-8C. F OUR S TEPS TO BE D OCUMENTED. ................................................................................................................... 4-8 III. GENERAL DUTY REQUIREMENTS ............................................................. 4-14A.E VALUATION OF G ENERAL D UTY R EQUIREMENTS ................................................................................. 4-14B.E LEMENTS OF A G ENERAL D UTY R EQUIREMENT V IOLATION.............................................................. 4-14C. U SE OF THE G ENERAL D UTY C LAUSE ........................................................................................................ 4-23D.L IMITATIONS OF U SE OF THE G ENERAL D UTY C LAUSE. ..............................................................E.C LASSIFICATION OF V IOLATIONS C ITED U NDER THE G ENERAL D UTY C LAUSE. ..................F. P ROCEDURES FOR I MPLEMENTATION OF S ECTION 5(A)(1) E NFORCEMENT ............................ 4-25 4-27 4-27IV.OTHER-THAN-SERIOUS VIOLATIONS ............................................... 4-28 V.WILLFUL VIOLATIONS. ......................................................................... 4-28A.I NTENTIONAL D ISREGARD V IOLATIONS. ..........................................................................................4-28B.P LAIN I NDIFFERENCE V IOLATIONS. ...................................................................................................4-29 VI. CRIMINAL/WILLFUL VIOLATIONS. ................................................... 4-30A.A REA D IRECTOR C OORDINATION ....................................................................................................... 4-31B.C RITERIA FOR I NVESTIGATING P OSSIBLE C RIMINAL/W ILLFUL V IOLATIONS ........................ 4-31C. W ILLFUL V IOLATIONS R ELATED TO A F ATALITY .......................................................................... 4-32 VII. REPEATED VIOLATIONS. ...................................................................... 4-32A.F EDERAL AND S TATE P LAN V IOLATIONS. ........................................................................................4-32B.I DENTICAL S TANDARDS. .......................................................................................................................4-32C.D IFFERENT S TANDARDS. .......................................................................................................................4-33D.O BTAINING I NSPECTION H ISTORY. .....................................................................................................4-33E.T IME L IMITATIONS..................................................................................................................................4-34F.R EPEATED V. F AILURE TO A BATE....................................................................................................... 4-34G. A REA D IRECTOR R ESPONSIBILITIES. .............................................................................. 4-35 VIII. DE MINIMIS CONDITIONS. ................................................................... 4-36A.C RITERIA ................................................................................................................................................... 4-36B.P ROFESSIONAL J UDGMENT. ..................................................................................................................4-37C. A REA D IRECTOR R ESPONSIBILITIES. .............................................................................. 4-37 IX. CITING IN THE ALTERNATIVE ............................................................ 4-37 X. COMBINING AND GROUPING VIOLATIONS. ................................... 4-37A.C OMBINING. ..............................................................................................................................................4-37B.G ROUPING. ................................................................................................................................................4-38C. W HEN N OT TO G ROUP OR C OMBINE. ................................................................................................4-38 XI. HEALTH STANDARD VIOLATIONS ....................................................... 4-39A.C ITATION OF V ENTILATION S TANDARDS ......................................................................................... 4-39B.V IOLATIONS OF THE N OISE S TANDARD. ...........................................................................................4-40 XII. VIOLATIONS OF THE RESPIRATORY PROTECTION STANDARD(§1910.134). ....................................................................................................... XIII. VIOLATIONS OF AIR CONTAMINANT STANDARDS (§1910.1000) ... 4-43 4-43A.R EQUIREMENTS UNDER THE STANDARD: .................................................................................................. 4-43B.C LASSIFICATION OF V IOLATIONS OF A IR C ONTAMINANT S TANDARDS. ......................................... 4-43 XIV. CITING IMPROPER PERSONAL HYGIENE PRACTICES. ................... 4-45A.I NGESTION H AZARDS. .................................................................................................................................... 4-45B.A BSORPTION H AZARDS. ................................................................................................................................ 4-46C.W IPE S AMPLING. ............................................................................................................................................. 4-46D.C ITATION P OLICY ............................................................................................................................................ 4-46 XV. BIOLOGICAL MONITORING. ...................................................................... 4-47CHAPTER 5CASE FILE PREPARATION AND DOCUMENTATIONI.INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 5-1 II.INSPECTION CONDUCTED, CITATIONS BEING ISSUED. .................... 5-1A.OSHA-1 ................................................................................................................................... 5-1B.OSHA-1A. ............................................................................................................................... 5-1C. OSHA-1B. ................................................................................................................................ 5-2 III.INSPECTION CONDUCTED BUT NO CITATIONS ISSUED .................... 5-5 IV.NO INSPECTION ............................................................................................... 5-5 V. HEALTH INSPECTIONS. ................................................................................. 5-6A.D OCUMENT P OTENTIAL E XPOSURE. ............................................................................................................... 5-6B.E MPLOYER’S O CCUPATIONAL S AFETY AND H EALTH S YSTEM. ............................................................. 5-6 VI. AFFIRMATIVE DEFENSES............................................................................. 5-8A.B URDEN OF P ROOF. .............................................................................................................................................. 5-8B.E XPLANATIONS. ..................................................................................................................................................... 5-8 VII. INTERVIEW STATEMENTS. ........................................................................ 5-10A.G ENERALLY. ......................................................................................................................................................... 5-10B.CSHO S SHALL OBTAIN WRITTEN STATEMENTS WHEN: .......................................................................... 5-10C.L ANGUAGE AND W ORDING OF S TATEMENT. ............................................................................................. 5-11D.R EFUSAL TO S IGN S TATEMENT ...................................................................................................................... 5-11E.V IDEO AND A UDIOTAPED S TATEMENTS. ..................................................................................................... 5-11F.A DMINISTRATIVE D EPOSITIONS. .............................................................................................5-11 VIII. PAPERWORK AND WRITTEN PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS. .......... 5-12 IX.GUIDELINES FOR CASE FILE DOCUMENTATION FOR USE WITH VIDEOTAPES AND AUDIOTAPES .............................................................. 5-12 X.CASE FILE ACTIVITY DIARY SHEET. ..................................................... 5-12 XI. CITATIONS. ..................................................................................................... 5-12A.S TATUTE OF L IMITATIONS. .............................................................................................................................. 5-13B.I SSUING C ITATIONS. ........................................................................................................................................... 5-13C.A MENDING/W ITHDRAWING C ITATIONS AND N OTIFICATION OF P ENALTIES. .................................. 5-13D.P ROCEDURES FOR A MENDING OR W ITHDRAWING C ITATIONS ............................................................ 5-14 XII. INSPECTION RECORDS. ............................................................................... 5-15A.G ENERALLY. ......................................................................................................................................................... 5-15B.R ELEASE OF I NSPECTION I NFORMATION ..................................................................................................... 5-15C. C LASSIFIED AND T RADE S ECRET I NFORMATION ...................................................................................... 5-16。

APA_Style_Guide

A P A C I T A T I O N S T Y L EO K A N A G A N C O L L E G E L I B R A R YThe Okanagan College Psychology and Business Administration Departments require the use of American Psychological Association (APA) style for citing references in student papers. APA style is also used in some courses in Arts, Science and Health. It is important to remain consistent within the paper and to use the style recommended by your college professor or instructor.The examples in this guide cover frequently used citation forms only. For more detailed information refer to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.), (BF 76.7 .P83 2009) and to the APA Style website at .GENERAL RULES∙Double-space your paper, including the reference list.∙Format reference list entries with a hanging indent (.5 inch or 1.27 cm). See example on page 6 of this guide.∙Arrange reference list entries in alphabetical order by the surname of the first author or by title if there is no author.∙Use only the initial(s) of the author’s given name, not the full name.∙If the reference list includes two or more entries by the same author(s), list them in chronological order (oldest first).∙Capitalize only the first letter of the first word in the article title and subtitle. Capitalize all words of proper names.∙Italicize journal titles and volume numbers. Do not italicize issue numbers. Italicize book titles.∙References cited in text must appear in the reference list and vice versa. The only exceptions to this rule are personal communications and secondary sources, which are cited in text only andnot included in the reference list. (See examples 7 & 10 on page 5.)∙Any republished tables or figures (including photographs and illustrations) must be clearly marked as reprinted or adapted, and the original source must be provided both in the text and in a footnote to the table or figure.∙If you are unable to identify a specific example, follow an example that is most like your source.∙ A DOI (Digital Object Identifier) is a unique string of numbers and letters applied to content.DOIs are typically on the first page of a journal article or are included in a database’s articleinformation.EXAMPLES OF REFERENCE LIST ENTRIES AND CITATIONS IN TEXTThe following examples of reference list entries are single-spaced to conserve paper. The reference list should be double-spaced, as in the sample reference list on page 6 of this guide.Journal article1 authorWith DOI (Example on p. 198 ofManual, #1) Manouselis, N. (2008). Deploying and evaluating multiattributeproduct recommendation in e-markets. InternationalJournal of Management & Decision Making, 9, 43-61.doi:10.1504/IJMDM.2008.016041(Manouselis, 2008)Journal article2 authorsPrint version Paginated by issue (p. 199, #3) Noonan, J. R., & Johnson, R. K. (2002). The misuse of thediagnosis of bipolar disorder in the forensic context.American Journal of Forensic Psychology, 20(3), 5-19.(Noonan & Johnson, 2002)Journal article 3-5 authors Retrieved from databaseNo DOI(p. 199, #3) Davis, J. M., Lee, L. S., & Yi, M. Y. (2009). Time-userpreference and technology acceptance: Measuredevelopment of computer polychronicity. American Journalof Business, 24, 23-31. Retrieved from /mcobwin/majb/First citation:(Davis, Lee, & Yi, 2009)Subsequent citations:(Davis et al., 2009)Journal article 6 or 7 authors With DOI (p. 198, #1) Cummings, E., Schermerhorn, A., Merrilees, C., Goeke-Morey,M., Shirlow, P., & Cairns, E. (2010). Political violence andchild adjustment in Northern Ireland: Testing pathways ina social–ecological model including single-and two-parentfamilies. Developmental Psychology, 46, 827-841. doi:10.1037/a0019668(Cummings et al., 2010)Journal article 8 or more authors With DOI(p. 198, #2)Lavoie, M.-P, Lam, R. W., Bouchard, G., Sasseville, A.,Charron, M.-C., Gagné, A.-M., … Hébert, M. (2009).Evidence of a biological effect of light therapy on the retinaof patients with seasonal affective disorder. BiologicalPsychiatry, 66, 253-258. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.11.020(Lavoie et al., 2009)Journal article OnlineNo DOI(p. 199, #3) Crystal, J. D., & Foote, A. L. (2009). Metacognition in animals.Comparative Cognition & Behavior Reviews, 4, 1-16.Retrieved from http://psyc.queensu.ca/ccbr(Crystal & Foote, 2009)Magazine article (p. 200, #7) Padgett, T., & Grillo, I. (2008, August 25). Cocaine capital.Time, 172(8), 28-30.(Padgett & Grillo, 2008)Magazine article Online(p. 200, #8)Hutson, B. (2009, August). A unique consumer market. BlackEnterprise, 40(1), 52. Retrieved from http://www(Hutson, 2009)Newspaper article No author Discontinuous pages (p. 200, #10) Scientists say music manipulates shoppers. (2000, September14). The Ottawa Citizen, pp. A1, A20.(“Scientists say,” 2000)Newspaper article Online(p. 200, #11) Taylor, P. (2009, October 22). Study finds recession can begood for your health. The Globe and Mail. Retrieved from(Taylor, 2009)Book(p. 203, #18) Heschl, A. (2001). The intelligent genome: On the origin of thehuman mind by mutation and selection. New York, NY:Springer-Verlag.(Heschl, 2001)BookGroup author Author as publisher 6th edition(p. 203, #18; p. 203, section 7.02) American Psychological Association. (2009). Publicationmanual of the American Psychological Association (6thed.). Washington, DC: Author.First citation:(American PsychologicalAssociation [APA], 2009)Subsequent citations:(APA, 2009)Edited book(p. 202, section 7.02) Lenzenweger, M. F., & Hooley, J. M. (Eds.). (2002). Principlesof experimental psychopathology: Essays in honor ofBrendan A. Maher. Washington, DC: AmericanPsychological Association.(Lenzenweger & Hooley,2002)Article or chapter in an edited book (p. 204, #25) Rasmusson, A. M., & Friedman, M. J. (2002). Gender issues inthe neurobiology of PTSD. In R. Kimerling, P. Ouimette, &J. Wolfe (Eds.), Gender and PTSD (pp. 43-75). New York,NY: The Guilford Press.(Rasmusson & Friedman,2002)Electronic version of a print book, retrieved from database, no DOI(p. 203, #19) Doh, J. P., & Stumpf, S. A. (2005). Handbook on responsibleleadership and governance in global business [NetLibraryversion]. Retrieved from (Doh & Stumpf, 2005)Electronic version of a print book, retrieved from database, with DOI(p. 203, #19)Doh, J. P., & Stumpf, S. A. (2005). Handbook on responsibleleadership and governance in global business [NetLibraryversion]. doi:10.123456789(Doh & Stumpf, 2005)Encyclopedia article Online(p. 205, #29) Shors, T. J., & Horvath, B. (2001). Stress, neural basis of. InInternational encyclopedia of the social and behavioralsciences. doi:10.1016/B0-08-043076-7/03534-8(Shors & Horvath, 2001)Dictionary definition Online; no date (p. 205, #30) Materialism (n.d.). In Oxford English dictionary. Retrieved from(Materialism, n.d.)Data table Online From E-Stat Statistics Canada (2006a). Average hours per week oftelevision viewing, by selected age groups, annual. (Table502-0002). Retrieved from http://estat.statcan.gc.ca(Statistics Canada, 2006a)Lecture Notes PowerPoint, from online course system (p. 213, #66; p. 212, #61 Rempel, K. (2007). Chapter ten: Motivating and rewardingemployees. [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved fromhttp://mycourses.okanagan.bc.ca(Rempel, 2007)Article or Chapter in a Course Pack Reprinted from another source(p. 204, #26) Gordon, B. (2005). Kate Bush’s subversive shoes. In A.Mackie (Ed.), OC course pack: WMST 215: Women andpopular culture (pp. 85-98). Kelowna, BC: OkanaganCollege Bookstore. (Reprinted from Women and Music: AJournal of Gender and Culture, 9, 37-50).(Gordon, 2005)LegislationRevised Statutes ofBritish Columbia(p.220; #10)Family Relations Act, R.S.B.C. 1996, c.128. (Family Relations Act, 1996)Case lawCanada Supreme CourtReports(p. 217, #1)R. v. Latimer (2000), [2001] 1 S.C.R. 3. (R. v. Latimer, 2000)Technical or Research Report Retrieved from databaseNo DOI(p. 205, section 7.03) Datamonitor. (2009). Research in Motion Limited: Companyprofile. Retrieved from /(Datamonitor, 2009)Report retrieved online, author same as publisher(p. 205, section 7.03, #31) Statistics Canada. (2010). Labour Force Information(Catalogue no. 71-001-X). Retrieved fromhttp://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/71-001-x/71-001-x2010006-eng.pdf(Statistics Canada, 2010)Report retrieved online, author different than publisher(p. 205, section 7.03; pg 206 #33) Marqui, S., Butler, M., Jospeh, R. & Ney K. (2000). Diabetes inBritish Columbia synthesis report. Retrieved fromBritish Columbia Ministry of Healthy Living and Sportwebsite: .bc.ca/publications/year/2000/diabetes_synthesis.pdfFirst citation:(Marqui, Butler, Jospeh &Ney, 2000)Subsequent citations:(Marqui et al., 2000)Print report, author same as publisher (p. 205, section 7.03) Statistics Canada. (1992). Ageing and independence(Catalogue no. 89-548-XPE). Ottawa, ON: Author.(Statistics Canada, 1992)DVD or Video (p. 210, #49) DiCaprio, L. (Producer), & Petersen, L. C. (Writer/Director).(2008). The 11th hour [DVD]. Burbank, CA: Warner Bros.Entertainment.(DiCaprio, 2008)Online video YouTube (p. 215, #77) Patel, A. (2008, January 22). Music and the mind [Video file].Retrieved from /watch?v=ZgKFeuzGEns(Patel, 2008)Blog post (p. 215, #76) tara. (2007, November 27). Pullman books pulled. [Web logpost]. Retrieved from /2007/11/27 /pullman-books-pulled/(tara, 2007)Web page No author No date (p. 212, #61) The intelligence of dogs. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www/dogint/(The intelligence of dogs,n.d.)CITATIONS IN TEXT1.One work by one author∙Author’s name given in the body of your paper:Manouselis (2008) reported…∙Author’s name not given in the body of your paper:In a study on the use of online recommendation services (Manouselis, 2008)…2.One work by two authors∙… as described in Rasmusson and Friedman’s study on gender issues in PTSD (2002)∙ A study on gender issues in PTSD (Rasmusson & Friedman, 2002) shows…3.One work by three, four, or five authors∙First time cited in your paper:∙Davis, Lee, & Yi (2009) found th at…∙ A study of the factors affecting new technology adoption (Davis, Lee, & Yi, 2009)…∙Subsequent citations:∙Davis et al. (2009) found that…∙ A study of technology acceptance (Davis et al., 2009)…4.One work by six or more authors∙Wolchik et al. (2000) studied children…∙In a study of children of divorced parents (Wolchik et al., 2000)…5.Two or more works by the same author named in the same reference∙Past research (Statistics Canada, 2006a, 2006b) has shown…6.Two or more works by different authors named in the same reference∙Past research (Heschl, 2001; Noonan & Johnson, 2002; Wolchik et al., 2000) has shown…7.Citing a secondary source∙In Smith’s 1998 study (as cited in Rasmusson & Friedman, 2002)…∙Experimental research (Smith, 1998, as cited in Rasmusson & Friedman, 2002) has shown …Do not include Smith (1998) in the reference list. Do include Rasmusson & Friedman (2002).8.Direct quotationsWhen you cite direct quotations, include the page number of the quote.∙Stereotypes have been defined as “generalize d and usually value-laden impressions that one social group uses in characterizing members of another group” (Lindgren, 2001, p. 1617).9.Direct quotations in electronic sources without page numbersUse the paragraph number, preceded by the abbreviation para. If the paragraph number is not visible, cite the heading of the section being quoted and the paragraph number following it.∙(Hutson, 2009, para. 5)∙(Shors & Horvath, 2001, Conclusions and Future Directions, para. 3)10.Personal communications (letters, phone calls, interviews, e-mail messages, etc.)∙L. Coates (personal communication, December 16, 2008) stated that…∙According to the department chair (L. Coates, personal communication, December 16, 2008)…Do not include personal communications in the reference list. Cite them in text only.SAMPLE REFERENCE LIST。

格列佛游记英文版

格列佛游记英文版Table of ContentsGulliver'sTravels............................................................. ........................................................................ .. (1)JonathanSwift............................................................... ........................................................................ (1)THE PUBLISHER TO THEREADER.............................................................. . (2)A LETTER FROM CAPTAIN GULLIVER TO HIS COUSIN SYMPSON (3)PART I—A VOYAGE TOLILLIPUT............................................................ . (5)CHAPTERI................................................................... ........................................................................ ..5CHAPTERII.................................................................. ........................................................................ ..9CHAPTERIII................................................................. .. (1)3CHAPTERIV.................................................................. . (17)CHAPTERV................................................................... . (19)CHAPTERVI.................................................................. . (22)CHAPTERVII................................................................. . (26)CHAPTERVIII................................................................ (30)PART II. A VOYAGE TOBROBDINGNAG......................................................... .. (33)CHAPTERI................................................................... (33)CHAPTERII.................................................................. (38)CHAPTERIII................................................................. .. (4)1CHAPTERIV.................................................................. . (4)5CHAPTERV................................................................... . (47)CHAPTERVI.................................................................. . (51)CHAPTERVII................................................................. . (55)CHAPTERVIII................................................................ (58)PART III. A VOYAGE TO LAPUTA, BALNIBARBI, LUGGNAGG, GLUBBDUBDRIB, ANDJAPAN............................................................... ........................................................................ (63)CHAPTERI................................................................... (63)CHAPTERII.................................................................. (66)CHAPTERIII................................................................. .. (6)9CHAPTERIV.................................................................. . (72)CHAPTERV................................................................... . (74)CHAPTERVI.................................................................. . (78)CHAPTERVII................................................................. . (80)CHAPTERVIII................................................................ (82)CHAPTERIX.................................................................. . (85)CHAPTERX................................................................... . (86)CHAPTERXI.................................................................. . (90)PART IV—A VOYAGE TO THE COUNTRY OF THEHOUYHNHNMS (92)CHAPTERI................................................................... ........................................................................92CHAPTERII.................................................................. ........................................................................95CHAPTERIII................................................................. .. (9)7CHAPTERIV.................................................................. .. (100)CHAPTERV................................................................... .. (102)CHAPTERVI.................................................................. .. (105)CHAPTERVII................................................................. .. (108)CHAPTERVIII................................................................ . (112)CHAPTERIX.................................................................. .. (114)CHAPTERX................................................................... .. (117)CHAPTERXI.................................................................. .. (120)CHAPTERXII................................................................. .. (124)Gulliver's TravelsiGulliver's TravelsJonathan SwiftThis page copyright ? 2003 Blackmask Online.THE PUBLISHER TO THE READER. ?A LETTER FROM CAPTAIN GULLIVER TO HIS COUSIN SYMPSON. ?PART I—A VOYAGE TO LILLIPUT. ?CHAPTER I. ?CHAPTER II. ?CHAPTER III. ?CHAPTER IV. ?CHAPTER V. ?CHAPTER VI. ?CHAPTER VII. ?CHAPTER VIII. ?PART II. A VOYAGE TO BROBDINGNAG. ?CHAPTER I. ?CHAPTER II. ?CHAPTER III. ?CHAPTER IV. ?CHAPTER V. ?CHAPTER VI. ?CHAPTER VII. ?CHAPTER VIII. ?PART III. A VOYAGE TO LAPUTA, BALNIBARBI, LUGGNAGG, GLUBBDUBDRIB, AND JAPAN. ?CHAPTER I. ?CHAPTER II. ?CHAPTER III. ?CHAPTER IV. ?CHAPTER V. ?CHAPTER VI. ?CHAPTER VII. ?CHAPTER VIII. ?CHAPTER IX. ?CHAPTER X. ?CHAPTER XI. ?PART IV—A VOYAGE TO THE COUNTRY OF THE HOUYHNHNMS. ?CHAPTER I. ?CHAPTER II. ?Gulliver's Travels 1CHAPTER III. ?CHAPTER IV. ?CHAPTER V. ?CHAPTER VI. ?CHAPTER VII. ?CHAPTER VIII. ?CHAPTER IX. ?CHAPTER X. ?CHAPTER XI. ?CHAPTER XII. ?Transcribed from the 1892 George Bell and Sons edition by David Price, emailccx074@Gulliver's Travels into Several Remote Nations of the Worldby Jonathan SwiftTHE PUBLISHER TO THE READER.[As given in the original edition.]The author of these Travels, Mr. Lemuel Gulliver, is my ancient and intimate friend; there is likewise somerelation between us on the mother's side. About three years ago, Mr. Gulliver growing weary of the concourseof curious people coming to him at his house in Redriff, made a small purchase of land, with a convenienthouse, near Newark, in Nottinghamshire, his native country; where he now lives retired, yet in good esteemamong his neighbours.Although Mr. Gulliver was born in Nottinghamshire, where his father dwelt, yet I have heard him say hisfamily came from Oxfordshire; to confirm which, I have observed in the churchyard at Banbury in thatcounty, several tombs and monuments of the Gullivers.Before he quitted Redriff, he left the custody of the following papers in my hands, with the liberty to disposeof them as I should think fit. I have carefully perused them three times. The style is very plain and simple;and the only fault I find is, that the author, after the manner of travellers, is a little too circumstantial. There isan air of truth apparent through the whole; and indeed the author was so distinguished for his veracity, that itbecame a sort of proverb among his neighbours at Redriff, when any one affirmed a thing, to say, it was astrue as if Mr. Gulliver had spoken it.By the advice of several worthy persons, to whom, with the author's permission, I communicated these papers,I now venture to send them into the world, hoping they may be, at least for some time, a better entertainmentto our young noblemen, than the common scribbles of politics and party.This volume would have been at least twice as large, if I had not made bold to strike out innumerable passagesrelating to the winds and tides, as well as to the variations and bearings in the several voyages, together withthe minute descriptions of the management of the ship in storms, in the style of sailors; likewise the accountof longitudes and latitudes; wherein I have reason to apprehend, that Mr. Gulliver may be a little dissatisfied.But I was resolved to fit the work as much as possible to the general capacity of readers. However, if my ownGulliver's TravelsTHE PUBLISHER TO THE READER. 2ignorance in sea affairs shall have led me to commit some mistakes, I alone am answerable for them. And ifany traveller hath a curiosity to see the whole work at large, as it came from the hands of the author, I will beready to gratify him.As for any further particulars relating to the author, the reader will receive satisfaction from the first pages ofthe book.RICHARD SYMPSON.A LETTER FROM CAPTAIN GULLIVER TO HIS COUSIN SYMPSON.WRITTEN IN THE YEAR 1727.I hope you will be ready to own publicly, whenever you shall be called to it, that by your great and frequenturgency you prevailed on me to publish a very loose and uncorrect account of my travels, with directions tohire some young gentleman of either university to put them in order, and correct the style, as my cousinDampier did, by my advice, in his book called “A Voyage round the world.” But I do not remember I gaveyou power to consent that any thing should be omitted, and much less that any thing should be inserted;therefore, as to the latter, I do here renounce every thing of that kind; particularly a paragraph about hermajesty Queen Anne, of most pious and glorious memory; although I did reverence and esteem her more thanany of human species. But you, or your interpolator, ought to have considered, that it was not my inclination,so was it not decent to praise any animal of our composition before my master Houyhnhnm: And besides, thefact was altogether false; for to my knowledge, being in England during some part of her majesty's reign, shedid govern by a chief minister; nay even by two successively, the first whereof was the lord of Godolphin, andthe second the lord of Oxford; so that you have made me say the thing that was not. Likewise in the accountof the academy of projectors, and several passages of my discourse to my master Houyhnhnm, you have eitheromitted some material circumstances, or minced or changed them in such a manner, that I do hardly know myown work. When I formerly hinted to you something of this in a letter, you were pleased to answer that youwere afraid of giving offence; that people in power were very watchful over the press, and apt not only tointerpret, but to punish every thing which looked like an innuendo (as I think you call it). But, pray howcould that which I spoke so many years ago, and at about five thousand leagues distance, in another reign, beapplied to any of the Yahoos, who now are said to govern the herd; especially at a time when I little thought,or feared, the unhappiness of living under them? Have not I the most reason tocomplain, when I see thesevery Yahoos carried by Houyhnhnms in a vehicle, as if they were brutes, and those the rational creatures?And indeed to avoid so monstrous and detestable a sight was one principal motive of my retirement hither.Thus much I thought proper to tell you in relation to yourself, and to the trust I reposed in you.I do, in the next place, complain of my own great want of judgment, in being prevailed upon by the entreatiesand false reasoning of you and some others, very much against my own opinion, to suffer my travels to bepublished. Pray bring to your mind how often I desired you to consider, when you insisted on the motive ofpublic good, that the Yahoos were a species of animals utterly incapable of amendment by precept or example:and so it has proved; for, instead of seeing a full stop put to all abuses and corruptions, at least in this littleisland, as I had reason to expect; behold, after above six months warning, I cannot learn that my book hasproduced one single effect according to my intentions. I desired you would let me know, by a letter, whenparty and faction were extinguished; judges learned and upright; pleaders honest and modest, with sometincture of common sense, and Smithfield blazing with pyramids of law books; the young nobility's educationentirely changed; the physicians banished; the female Yahoos abounding in virtue, honour, truth, and goodsense; courts and levees of great ministers thoroughly weeded and swept; wit, merit, and learning rewarded;all disgracers of the press in prose and verse condemned to eat nothing but their own cotton, and quench theirthirst with their own ink. These, and a thousand other reformations, I firmly counted upon by yourGulliver's TravelsA LETTER FROM CAPTAIN GULLIVER TO HIS COUSIN SYMPSON. 3encouragement; as indeed they were plainly deducible from the precepts delivered in my book. And it mustbe owned, that seven months were a sufficient time to correct every vice and folly to which Yahoos aresubject, if their natures had been capable of the least disposition to virtue or wisdom. Yet, so far have youbeen from answering my expectation in any of your letters; that on the contrary you are loading our carrierevery week with libels, and keys, and reflections, and memoirs, and second parts; wherein I see myselfaccused of reflecting upon great state folk; of degrading human nature (for so they havestill the confidence tostyle it), and of abusing the female sex. I find likewise that the writers of those bundles are not agreed amongthemselves; for some of them will not allow me to be the author of my own travels; and others make meauthor of books to which I am wholly a stranger.I find likewise that your printer has been so careless as to confound the times, and mistake the dates, of myseveral voyages and returns; neither assigning the true year, nor the true month, nor day of the month: and Ihear the original manuscript is all destroyed since the publication of my book; neither have I any copy left:however, I have sent you some corrections, which you may insert, if ever there should be a second edition:。

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wap-223_101-httpsm-20010928-a

Specification Information NoteWAP-223_101-HTTPS-20010928-a28-Sept-2001forHTTP State Management Specification13-DEC-2000Wireless Application ProtocolWAP-223-HTTPS-20001213-a A list of errata and updates to this document is available from the WAP Forum™ Web site, /,in the form of SIN documents, which are subject to revision or removal without notice.©2001, Wireless Application Protocol Forum, Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Terms and conditions of use are available fromWAP-223_101-20010928-a, Version 28-September-2001 Page 2 (15)© 2001, Wireless Application Forum, Ltd. All rights reserved.Terms and conditions of use are available from the WAP Forum™ Web site at/docs/copyright.htm.You may use this document or any part of the document for internal or educational purposes only, provided you do not modify, edit or take out of context the information in this document in any manner. You may not use this document in any other manner without the prior written permission of the WAP Forum™. The WAP Forum authorises you to copy this document, provided that you retain all copyright and other proprietary notices contained in the original materials on any copies of the materials and that you comply strictly with these terms. This copyright permission does not constitute an endorsement of the products or services offered by you.The WAP Forum™ assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions in this document. In no event shall the WAP Forum be liable for any special, indirect or consequential damages or any damages whatsoever arising out of or in connection with the use of this information.WAP Forum™ members have agreed to use reasonable endeavors to disclose in a timely manner to the WAP Forum the existence of all intellectual property rights (IPR's) essential to the present document. The members do not have an obligation to conduct IPR searches. This information is publicly available to members and non-members of the WAP Forum and may be found on the "WAP IPR Declarations" list at /what/ipr.htm. Essential IPR is available for license on the basis set out in the schedule to the WAP Forum Application Form.No representations or warranties (whether express or implied) are made by the WAP Forum™ or any WAP Forum member or its affiliates regarding any of the IPR's represented on this list, including but not limited to the accuracy, completeness, validity or relevance of the information or whether or not such rights are essential or non-essential.This document is available online in PDF format at /.Known problems associated with this document are published at /. Comments regarding this document can be submitted to the WAP Forum™ in the manner published at /.CONTENTS1.Scope (4)2.Document Status (5)2.1Copyright Notice (5)2.2Errata (5)2.3Comments (5)2.4Document Changes (5)2.5Document History (5)3.References (7)3.1Normative References (7)3.2Informative References (7)4.Definitions and Abbreviations (8)4.1Definitions (8)4.2Abbreviations (8)5.Overview (9)6.HTTP State Management Headers (9)6.1Cookie (9)6.2Set-Cookie (9)7.WAP Specific HTTP State Management Headers (10)7.1X-Wap-Proxy-Cookie (10)7.2X-Wap-Proxy-Set-Cookie (10)8.WAP Gateway Responsibilities (11)9.Cookie Proxy Responsibilities (11)9.1Pass Through Cookie Proxy (11)9.2Cookie Management And Storage (11)9.3Associating Cookie Storage With Clients (13)9.4Managing Proxy Cookies (13)er Agent Responsibilities (13)10.1HTTP State Management (13)10.2Cookie Proxy Management (13)11.Static Conformance Requirements (14)11.1User Agent Features (14)11.2Cookie Proxy Features (14)1. SCOPEWireless Application Protocol (WAP) is a result of continuous work by the WAP Forum to define an industry-wide specification for developing applications that operate over wireless communication networks. The scope of the WAP Forum is to define a set of specifications to be used by service applications for wireless communication devices. The wireless market is growing very quickly and reaching new customers and services. To enable operators and manufacturers to meet the challenges in advanced services, differentiation and fast/flexible service creation, WAP defines a set of protocols in transport, session and application layers. For additional information on the WAP architecture, refer to "Wireless Application Protocol Architecture Specification" [WAP].This specification defines the HTTP state management model for the WAP architecture. The WAP HTTP state management model is an implementation of the HTTP State Management Mechanism, also known as "cookie management", as defined in [RFC2109]. On the World Wide Web, the HTTP State Management mechanism stores state information in a file ("cookie") on the client, as defined in [RFC2109]. The same mechanism can also be used over the WAP protocols, as HTTP headers are used to convey all state and state manipulation information.Some WAP user agents may have motivation to store and manage cookies locally, as defined in [RFC2109]. This functionality follows precisely the current World Wide Web model, where cookies are typically stored and managed by regular web browsers.This specification defines an additional mechanism to let an intermediate proxy store and manage cookies on behalf of the WAP client, as an alternative to client-local storage and management. Storing cookies in the network has many advantages. WAP user agents may have a limited storing capacity. When cookies are stored in the proxy, they do not have to be transmitted across the air, for every request/response transaction. In case the user changes device, and cannot move the cookies from the old device to the new one, the user can still access the cookies in the proxy via the new device. On the other hand, storing and managing cookies in the client allows the user to gain the benefit of the same cookies independent of the access point used. This aspect becomes more important in the future in conjunction with WAP gateway roaming architecture. Some users may prefer storing private information in the client, instead of depending on the security of the network. Because both models are complementary, this specification defines a dual approach to WAP HTTP state management, while still maintaining full interoperability between the implementations and RFC2109.2. DOCUMENT STATUSThis document is available online in the following formats:• PDF format at /.2.1 Copyright Notice© Copyright Wireless Application Forum Ltd, 2000 all rights reserved.Terms and conditions of use are available from the Wireless Application Forum Ltd. web site at /docs/copyright.htm.2.2 ErrataKnown problems associated with this document are published at /.2.3 CommentsComments regarding this document can be submitted to the WAP Forum in the manner published at /.2.4 Document ChangesChange Request Title CommentsCR-WAP-223-HTTP-STATE-MGMT-NOKIA-20000913 Backward Compatibility toearlier releasesThese changes are as aresult of architecturalconsistency review of thedocument.CR-WAP-223-HTTP-STATE-MGMT-NOKIA-20001031 Clarifications from initial Architectural Consistency reviewCR-WAP-223-HTTP-STATE-MGMT-NOKIA-20001213 Editorial changes from closeout architectural consistency review2.5 Document HistoryDocument Name Date of ReleaseWAP-223-HTTPSM-20000530-d 30-MAY-2000 Draft accepted by WAGWAP-223-HTTPSM-20000922-d 22-SEP-2000 Draft submitted for proposedWAP-223-HTTPSM-20001213-d 13-DEC-2000 Reviewed For ArchitecturalConsistencyWAP-223-HTTPSM-20001213-p 24-JAN-2001 Proposed (No changes)WAP-223-HTTPSM-20001213-a Approved (No changes)WAP-223_101-HTTPSM-20010928-p 28-Sept-2001 Replaced underscores with dashes in SCRs. No substantive changes, editorial only. Fixed format for dependency in HSM-S-002 through 006 (no change to intent)3. REFERENCES3.1 Normative References[RFC2616] "Hypertext Transfer Protocol - HTTP/1.1", R. Fielding, et al., June 1999. URL: /rfc/rfc2616.txt[RFC2109] "HTTP State Management Mechanism", D. Kristol, et al, February 1997. URL: /rfc/rfc2109.txt[WAE] "Wireless Application Environment Specification", WAP Forum, 04-November-1999. URL: /3.2 Informative References[RFC2119] "Key words for use in RFC's to Indicate Requirement Levels", S. Bradner, March 1997. URL: /rfc/rfc2119.txt[WAP] "Wireless Application Protocol Architecture Specification", WAP Forum, 30-April-1998. URL: /[WSP] "Wireless Session Protocol", WAP Forum, 30-April-1998. URL:/4. DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS4.1 DefinitionsThe following are terms and conventions used throughout this specification.The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY" and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in [RFC2119].Client - a device (or application) that initiates a request for a connection with a server.Cookie Proxy - an intermediate program that acts as a user agent for the purpose of managing cookies and cookie storage on behalf of other user agents.Origin Server - the server, on which a given resource resides or is to be created, often referred to as a web server or an HTTP server. (also referred to as a "server" in this specification.)Proxy - an intermediate program that acts as both a server and a client for the purpose of making requests on behalf of other clients ([RFC2616]).Server - see "origin server".User - a person, who interacts with a user agent to view, hear or otherwise use a resource.User Agent - a user agent is any software or device that interprets WML, WMLScript or other content. This may include textual browsers, voice browsers and search engines.User Agent Session – a session which begins when user agent is activated and ends when it exits.4.2 AbbreviationsFor the purposes of this specification, the following abbreviations apply.HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol [RFC2616]RFC Request For CommentsURI Universal Resource IdentifierURL Universal Resource LocatorW3C World Wide Web ConsortiumWAE Wireless Application Environment [WAE]WAP Wireless Application Protocol [WAP]WSP Wireless Session Protocol [WSP]5. OVERVIEWThe HTTP State Management Mechanism is defined in [RFC2109]. In short, RFC2109 defines a means whereby an origin server can request that a small unit of state (a "cookie") is stored in the user agent, and included in subsequent requests to the origin server. A variety of controls are available to the origin server, allowing it to control when the "cookie" is included in subsequent requests, when the "cookie" expires as well as other state management and transport controls. As defined in [RFC2109], the user agent is responsible for cookie management. In this model, the WAP gateway conveys state information between the user agents and the origin servers. It is then the responsibility of the user agent to manage and store the cookies and to offer the user means for control over these functions.Although RFC2109 puts cookie management in the user agent, it may, in some cases be convenient to take advantage of an architecture, which enables network elements to manage and store cookies. The WAP HTTP State Management Architecture defines the concept of a Cookie Proxy. The cookie proxy is an HTTP proxy or proxy equivalent (e.g., WAP Gateway) that manages cookies on behalf of WAP user agents that do not implement the HTTP state function directly. The cookie proxy is responsible for managing and storing cookies on behalf of the user agents, and modifies HTTP requests and responses to and from the user agent to implement this function.This architecture supports clients with and without local cookie storage, and enables the user agent to control whether proxy cookie storage is enabled. In addition to this, WAP specific HTTP state management headers allow a simple synchronization scheme for user agent and proxy-based cookies. User agents can indicate if they rely on having cookies stored in the Cookie Proxy for a specific user agent session, and Cookie Proxy can notify the user agent if it has problems with their management.The cookie proxy operation has three stages:• Enabling or disabling the storage of cookies on the proxy. The user agent controls this function with an HTTP header.• Origin server request for a cookie to be stored for the duration of the user agent session or fora certain predefined period of time. This is performed via the HTTP Set-Cookie header, asspecified in [RFC2109].• Delivery of the cookie to the origin server in subsequent requests. This is performed via the HTTP Cookie header, as specified in [RFC2109].6. HTTP STATE MANAGEMENT HEADERS6.1 CookieCookie header is defined in [RFC2109].6.2 Set-CookieSet-Cookie header is defined in [RFC2109].7. WAP SPECIFIC HTTP STATE MANAGEMENT HEADERS7.1 X-Wap-Proxy-CookieThis header is sent in the request from the user agent to indicate whether the Cookie Proxy should store cookies from origin servers or not. X-Wap-Proxy-Cookie header is also used to send status information from user agent to the Cookie Proxy.x-wap-proxy-cookie = "X-Wap-Proxy-Cookie:" choicechoice = "cache" | "cache-has-state" | "delete" |"none" | "session" | "session-has-state" The choices are introduced briefly as follows:• When the value is "cache" or "cache-has-state", the Cookie Proxy caches cookies and sends them to the origin server on behalf of the user agent. Requests and responsesbetween the Cookie Proxy and the origin server include Cookie and Set-Cookieheaders, as they are defined in RFC2109. User agent appends cache-has-state value instead of cache in case it has received at least one X-Wap-Proxy-Set-Cookie header during the ongoing user agent session. This mechanism enables simple method forsynchronization between user agents and Cookie Proxy. On account of this informationCookie Proxy can e.g. detect if the user agent session based cookies from the previoususage time should be discarded.• When the value is "delete", the Cookie Proxy does not send any cookies to the origin server or store any received cookies. That is, the proxy acts as a filter ("cookie monster")and deletes all cookies before they are sent to the user agent.• If the header is not present, or has a value of "none", the proxy passes all HTTP cookie headers through between the user agent and the origin server without interception. In this document, a Cookie Proxy executing this function is known as a Pass-Through CookieProxy. This is the default condition.• When the value is "session", or "session-has-state", Cookie Proxy and user agent functionalities are combined. If Cookie Proxy receives a response containing a Set-Cookie header from the origin server, it decides the place for cookie storage according to the presence of the Max-Age attribute in the Set-Cooki e header. This method can beused to separate session-based cookies from long-lived ones. The difference betweensession and session-has-state values is similar to the difference between cacheand cache-has-state values, which is described above.Note that status of the session is bound to the user agent session, which begins when the user agent starts and ends when it exits. Status is not related to a certain cookie-derived session, but it simply tells if the user agent has cookies managed by the Cookie Proxy during a particular user agent session. The user agent session is not related to the concept of session defined in [WSP].7.2 X-Wap-Proxy-Set-CookieThis header is sent in the response to the user agent from the Cookie Proxy to indicate that one or more cookies were received in a response from an origin server and stored in the cookie proxyand/or at least one cookie was sent in the corresponding request. In addition to this, Cookie Proxy uses X-Wap-Proxy-Set-Cookie header to report an erroneous status to the user agents.x-wap-proxy-set-cookie = "X-Wap-Proxy-Set-Cookie: choice"choice = "state" | "error"The choices are introduced briefly as follows:• When value is "state", the user-agent is able to detect that a stateful session is in progress. Cookie Proxy sends this value in the response to the user agent when it receivesa Set-Cookie header from the origin server and chooses to manage the cookie. Thisheader is also sent when the Cookie Proxy has added a Cookie header in the relatedHTTP request.• When the value is "error", Cookie Proxy has detected a mismatch between the status of the user agent and the Cookie Proxy (i.e. Cookie Proxy has lost the cookies during aparticular user agent session).8. WAP GATEWAY RESPONSIBILITIESThe WAP gateway is responsible for delivering state management information between the user agent and the origin server. Header encoding for HTTP state management headers and WAP specific state management headers are defined in [WSP].9. COOKIE PROXY RESPONSIBILITIES9.1 Pass Through Cookie ProxyThe Cookie Proxy MUST implement Pass Through Cookie Proxy functionality, i.e. passing the HTTP headers between the user agent and the origin server without interference. If HTTP state management is not implemented in the client user agent, then the actions taken by the Cookie Proxy are undefined in this specification.9.2 Cookie Management And StorageThe Cookie Proxy MAY be responsible for managing and storing cookies on behalf of user agents. If this functionality is implemented, the X-Wap-Proxy-Cookie and X-Wap-Proxy-Set-Cookie headers MUST be used for communication between the client and the proxy. The proxy emulates user agent functionality when communicating with origin servers. User agent role in HTTP state management mechanism is defined in RFC2109.The user agent MAY control the cookie management in the Cookie Proxy with X-Wap-Proxy-Cookie header. The Cookie Proxy MUST enforce the following rules when receiving WAP specific HTTP headers from the client (precondition: Cookie Proxy has identified and authenticated the client and chosen to manage cookies on behalf of the user agents)1. If the choice in X-Wap-Proxy-Cookie header equals cache or cache-has-state,Cookie Proxy MUST cache cookies and send them to the origin server on behalf of the user agent. In addition to this, when Cookie Proxy receives X-Wap-Proxy-Cookie: cacheheader, it MUST discard all the current user agent session -based cookies (i.e. cookies which were sent from the origin server without Max-Age –attribute).2. If the choice in X-Wap-Proxy-Cookie header equals delete, Cookie Proxy MUST NOTsend cookies to the origin server or store any received cookies. In addition to this, CookieProxy MUST NOT send any received cookies to the client. Cookie Proxy MUST NOT delete any cookies stored prior to receiving the delete header.3. If the choice in X-Wap-Proxy-Cookie header equals none or the header is missing from therequest, Cookie Proxy MUST act as a Pass Through Cookie Proxy.4. If the choice in X-Wap-Proxy-Cookie header equals session or session-has-state,Cookie Proxy MUST include cookies in the requests to the origin servers. If the Cookie Proxy receives a response containing the Set-Cookie header from the origin server, it MUSTdecide the place for cookie storage according to the presence of the Max-Age attribute in the Set-Cooki e header. If Max-Age attribute is present, cookie MUST be transmitted to the user agent without interception. Otherwise it MUST be stored by the Cookie Proxy until it receivesa subsequent X-Wap-Proxy-Cookie: session (or X-Wap-Proxy-Cookie: cache)header from the user agent. Similarly to X-Wap-Proxy-Cookie: cache header, X-Wap-Proxy-Cookie: session effectively indicates that user agent does not have any cookies bound to the current user agent session and thus all stored cookies without Max-Age attribute MUST be discarded.The Cookie Proxy MUST NOT perform any cookie management, including storage or filtering, without the receipt of an X-Wap-Proxy-Cookie: cache, X-Wap-Proxy-Cookie: cache-has-state,X-Wap-Proxy-Cookie: session or X-Wap-Proxy-Cookie: session-has-state header from the user agent, indicating that cookie management is desired.The Cookie Proxy MUST be prepared to receive Cookie headers from the user agent, regardless of the presence of an X-Wap-Proxy-Cookie header. If this situation occurs, the Cookie Proxy MUST transmit the state present in the Cookie header to the origin server, with the following criteria:1. If a cookie proxy receives both Cookie and X-Wap-Proxy-Cookie: cache/cache-has-state or X-Wap-Proxy-Cookie: session/session-has-state headers, the Cookie Proxy may append other cookies to the Cookie header prior to performing the subsequent HTTP request. In the case where a user agent and a Cookie Proxy have an identical cookie to send, i.e. both cookies have identical values for path, domain and NAME attributes, the cookie MUST be delivered to the origin server as it is specified by the user agent. Cookies MUST be ordered in the Cookie header as specified in [RFC2109].2. If cookie proxy receives both Cookie and X-Wap-Proxy-Cookie: delete or X-Wap-Proxy-Cookie: none headers, it MUST deliver the cookie header to the origin server without interception.Cookie Proxy MUST include X-Wap-Proxy-Set-Cookie: state header in the response to the client, if it has received a cookie in the response from the origin server and chosen to manage it or it has sent a Cookie header in the associated HTTP request. . This header MUST NOT be sent if neither of the Cookie and Set-Cookie headers was present in the HTTP request and response, or if the cookie proxy has not cached any cookie information.Cookie Proxy MUST include X-Wap-Proxy-Set-Cookie: error header in the response if user agent sends status information which is conflicting with the status recorded by the Cookie Proxy. This will happen when a user agent sends a request with X-Wap-Proxy-Cookie:cache-has-state or X-Wap-Proxy-Cookie: session-has-state header, but the Cookie Proxy does not have any cookies in storage for this particular user agent.Cookie Proxy MUST NOT store the received cookie, if Set-Cookie header includes secure attribute. If secure attribute is present, Cookie Proxy MUST deliver the cookie to the client without interception. This attribute MAY be used by content authors to indicate that a specific cookie contains private or confidential information, and that the preferred storage is in the client.If a cookie proxy receives an X-Wap-Proxy-Cookie header from a client and chooses to manage and store cookies on its behalf, it MUST remove the X-Wap-Proxy-Cookie header from the request and thus prevent it from going further to the network. If Cookie Proxy chooses not to manage cookies on behalf of the client, it MUST let the headers pass without interception.9.3 Associating Cookie Storage With ClientsThe Cookie Proxy MUST associate cookies with a single client and prevent another client from gaining access to the cookies. This may be achieved by associating the cookies with an authenticated client identifier. Content authors should be advised that different user agents located in the same client may use the same Cookie Proxy facilities and the same cookie storage.The Cookie Proxy MUST NOT provide cookie proxy facilities to anonymous clients.9.4 Managing Proxy CookiesThe Cookie Proxy SHOULD provide a Web application to let the user browse and control the stored cookies.10. USER AGENT RESPONSIBILITIES10.1 HTTP State ManagementThe user agent MUST implement HTTP State Management, as specified in [RFC2109]. User agents with non-conforming implementations (i.e. no support) have undefined semantics. WAP user agents MUST be able to save and manage at least four cookies, with a maximum size of 125 bytes each (size includes fully-qualified host name, expiration date, and cookie data).10.2 Cookie Proxy ManagementSupport for use of Cookie Proxy functionality in the user agent is optional. User agent MAY include WAP Specific HTTP State Management Headers in requests to utilize Cookie Proxy facilities.If Cookie Proxy functionality is supported, end-user MUST have an opportunity to elect to use either cookie proxy facilities or their own local cookie management or both.User agent MUST send X-Wap-Proxy-Cookie: cache-has-state header instead of X-Wap-Proxy-Cookie: cache and X-Wap-Proxy-Cookie: session-has-state header instead of X-Wap-Proxy-Cookie: session in case it has received at least one X-Wap-Proxy-Set-Cookie header during the ongoing user agent session. When user agent receivesX-Wap-Proxy-Set-Cookie: error header, it MAY notify the user that inconsistent service behavior might occur. WAP user agents MUST be prepared to receive Set-Cookie HTTP headers even when they have requested Cookie Proxy functionality alone, and must act in accordance with [RFC2109] in this situation (e.g., the user agent should make a best effort attempt to manage the cookie (See section 10.2)).11. STATIC CONFORMANCE REQUIREMENTSThese static conformance requirements define a minimum set of features that must be implemented to support the WAP HTTP State Management mechanism. A feature can be optional (O), mandatory (M) or conditional (C (<condition>)). If optional/conditional features have labels (O.<n> or C.<n>), support of at least one of the group of options labeled by the same number is required.11.1 User Agent FeaturesItem Functionality Reference Status Requirement HSM-C-001 User agent support for HTTP StateManagement Mechanism10.1 MHSM-C-002 User agent support for at least fourcookies of at least 125 bytes totalstorage space.10.1 MHSM-C-003 User agent support for more than500 bytes of cookie storage space10.1 OHSM-C-004 User agent support for use ofCookie Proxy functionality10.2 OHSM-C-005 User agent support for WAPspecific HTTP State managementheaders10.2 C:HSM-C-004Item Functionality Reference Status Requirement HSM-S-001 Cookie Proxy support for passingof HTTP headers between the useragent and the origin server withoutinterference.9.1 MHSM-S-002 Cookie Proxy support for CookieManagement and Storagefunctionality. 9.2 O HSM-S-003AND HSM-S-004 ANDHSM-S-005AND HSM-S-006HSM-S-003 Cookie Proxy support for useragent role in HTTP StateManagement Mechanism.9.2 OHSM-S-004 Cookie Proxy support for WAPspecific HTTP State Managementheaders and mechanisms.9.2 OHSM-S-005 Cookie Proxy does not store thecookie if origin server includessecure attribute in Set-Cookieheader.9.2 OHSM-S-006 Cookie Proxy associates HTTPstate with a particular client, anddoes not provide cookiemanagement or storage foranonymous clients.9.3 OItem Functionality Reference Status Requirement HSM-S-007 Cookie Proxy support for WAP9.4 OHTTP State Management userinterface。

24901928_Chapter_2__The_law_of_club_and_tooth_第二章暴

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Fujitsu PRIMERGY Linux安装后操作指南（适用于x86版本3.0）说明书

2005-11-01 Notes on Using Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS (v.3 for x86) PrefaceAbout This ManualThis manual provides notes on PRIMERGY operation with Linux installed. Be sure to read this manual before using Linux.Intended ReadersThis manual is intended for persons who operate PRIMERGY.Organization of This ManualThis manual consists of the following chapters:Chapter 1 Notes on OperationThis chapter provides notes on operation after installation. Be sure to read this chapterbefore operating PRIMERGY with Linux installed.Chapter 2 Addition of Peripheral Devices and Option CardsThis chapter explains the procedures for adding peripheral devices and cards afterinstallation and provides notes on adding these options. Read this chapter as required.Chapter 3 OthersThis chapter explains other functions and provides other notes such as notes on limits.Operation VerificationThe operations of the products described in this manual have been confirmed by Fujitsu. Please note, however, that these operations are subject to change without prior notice.Support & ServiceA support service(SupportDesk Product basic service), available for a fee, provides customers usingLinux with an enhanced sense of security and confidence. Customers concluding a support and service agreement are entitled to receive support in such areas as assistance with queries regarding this manual and questions and problems that may come up during the installation and operation of this product.Please consider taking advantage of this service option by concluding a support and service agreement with us.CopyrightAll rights Reserved, Copyright (C) FUJITSU LIMITED 20051. Notes on Operation1.1 Assignment of Device NamesLinux assigns device names to a variety of devices, such as the hard disk drive, in the order that it recognizes them during its startup sequence. If the system is restarted after a device such as a hard disk drive or controller fails, the assigned device names may be changed because the system cannot recognize a device that has failed.Example: When hard disk drives are connected to SCSI ID 1, 2, and 3, device names /dev/sda, /dev/sdb, and /dev/sdc are assigned respectively to the disk drives. If /dev/sdb failsunder this condition, the device previously assigned /dev/sdc/ is moved up by one andrecognized as /dev/sdb after the system is restarted.If an assigned device is unexpectedly changed, it may prevent the system from starting or,in the worst case, may damage your data. If a device fault is detected, therefore, Fujitsurecommends starting the system in rescue mode and checking for hardware faults beforerestarting the system (*1). Repair the hardware fault, restore the system by means suchas the backup tape, and then restart the system.*1 For details on starting the system in rescue mode, see Section 1.4, "Starting theSystem in Rescue Mode."After starting the system, use the fdisk command to check whether the relevant hard diskdrive can be recognized, and take necessary steps such as checking for hardware errormessages in /var/log/messages.1.2 Installation of Red Hat Enterprise Linux AS (v.3 for x86) PackagesRed Hat Enterprise Linux provides installation types so that the optimum system can be constructed according to the use purpose. For this reason, packages required for your purposes might not be installed. If a required package has not been installed, log in as the root and install it by executing the following procedure:Install the necessary packages by using the installation CDs (1/4 to 4/4) that have beencreated according to the Installation Procedure included in the driver kit.# mount -r /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom# cd /mnt/cdrom/RedHat/RPMS# rpm -ivh <package_file>Example: To install package "make"# rpm -ivh make-3.79.1-17.i386.rpm# cd /# umount /mnt/cdrom# eject* Remove the CD.1.3 Installing and Setting Up Global Array Manager (GAM)Use Global Array Manager (GAM) as a RAID management tool in a system with a mounted onboard SCSI-RAID and SCSI-RAID card (PG-142E3).For details on installing GAM-Client (Windows), see "Outline of Installation Procedure for Global Array Manager-Client", which is an attachment.The GAM-Server (Linux) installation procedure is explained below.[Notes]1)The screen display may become unstable during GAM installation or GAM service startup.This is not an operational problem.2)Specify the port numbers shown below for GAM service.Take care when configuring firewall settings.Port numbers: 157,158(1)To install GAM-Server (Linux), insert the driver CD into the CD-ROM drive, and entercommands as follows:# mount -r /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom# cd /mnt/cdrom/UTY/GAM/Linux# rpm -ivh gam-server-6.02-21.i386.rpm# rpm -ivh gam-agent-6.02-21.i386.rpm- Enter the following only if onboard SCSI for RX200 S2# rpm -ivh 1030SNMPAgent-2.4-3.i386.rpm# sh ./insgam* Confirm that “GAM is installed successfully.” is displayed.# cd /# umount /mnt/cdrom# eject* Remove the CD.(2)For user accounts in Linux, create "gamroot" as a user account with GAM administratorauthority and then create user accounts (e.g., "gamuser") with user authority.(If a user account with user authority has already been created, another account need not be created.) # adduser gamroot# passwd gamrootChanging password for user gamrootNew-password <--- Enter a password.Retype new password <--- Re-enter the same password for confirmation.passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully* Create a user account with user authority in the same way as explained above.(3)Edit three lines as shown below in the /etc/sysconfig/gam file.Events can be posted to GAM-Client after this editing is completed.# vi /etc/sysconfig/gam[Before editing]START_GAMEVENT=nGAMEVENT_OPTIONS=""[After editing]START_GAMEVENT=y <--- Change "n" to "y".GAMEVENT_OPTIONS="-h ip-address" <--- Specify the IP address of the managementWindows system on which GAM-Client isinstalled.[Before editing]START_GAMEVLOG=n[After editing]START_GAMEVLOG=y <--- Change "n" to "y".(4)Restart the system.# shutdown -r now* The following message may be displayed after the system starts. It does not indicate an operational problem.[Message]gamagent: gamagent: Connection refusedgamagent connect failure1.4 Starting the System in Rescue ModeUsing only one of the installation CDs that have been created according to the Installation Procedure included in the driver kit, you can start the system in rescue mode. This may enable system recovery in the event of a problem that prevents the system from starting normally.This section explains only how to start the system as one that has minimum functionality.Start the system in rescue mode as follows:(1)Start the system from installation CD 1/4 that was created according to the InstallationProcedure included in the driver kit. Enter the appropriate response in the following window,and press the [Enter] key.(2)In the Choose a Language window, select "English" and select "OK."(3)In the Keyboard Type window, select "jp106" and select "OK."If an accessory keyboard such as of a flat display (PG-R1DP3) is used, select "us" here.(4)In the following window, select "Yes."(5)In the following window, select "Add Device."(6)In the Driver List window, select the drivers for the devices installed in the system, and select"OK." The following drivers must be selected:[onboard SCSI type for TX200 S2][onboard SCSI type or onboard SCSI-RAID type for RX200 S2]Two drivers must be selected. Select drivers as follows:1.Select the driver shown below, and select "OK.""LSI Logic Fusion MPT Base Driver (mptbase)"2.The Device Selection window is displayed. Select "AddDevice."3. A list of drivers is displayed. Select the driver shown below, and select "OK.""LSI Logic Fusion MPT SCSI Driver (mptscsih)"[SCSI-RAID card(PG-140D1/PG-142E3) for TX200 S2][onboard SCSI-RAID type for RX300 S2]Select the driver shown below, and select "OK.""LSI MegaRAID controller (megaraid2)"(7)Make sure that the selected driver is displayed in the following window, and select "Done."(8)The Setup Networking window is displayed. Select "No" because network settings need not beconfigured at this time.(9)Select "Continue" in the Rescue window.(10)If the root partition (/) in the existing Linux system has been mounted successfully under/mnt/sysimage, this is reported in the Rescue window. Select "OK."(11)When the prompt is displayed, enter the chroot command to change the root path to the harddisk drive.sh-2.05b# chroot /mnt/sysimage(12)This completes startup in rescue mode. To exit rescue mode, enter the exit command twice.sh-2.05b# exit <--- Exit from the chroot environment.sh-2.05b# exit <--- Exit from the rescue mode.1.5 Power-off at ShutdownPower is not automatically turned off at shutdown.When [Power down] is displayed on the console screen, press the power switch to turn off the power.Note that the power is automatically turned off when the system is shut down in an environment in which ServerView is installed.2. Addition of Peripheral Devices and Option Cards2.1 Adding a SCSI DiskThe number of LUNs is set to 1 by default. To add a SCSI disk, shared disk, or tape library, log in as the root and define the number of LUNs as shown below. Multiple LUN referencing is enabled after the system is started next.(1)Add the following lines to /etc/modules.conf:options scsi_mod max_scsi_luns=N <--- Add* N is the number of LUNs. Define the appropriate number.(2)Enter the mkinitrd command to create initrd.To create initrd, enter the mkinitrd command appropriate for the type of kernel used.* Enter the following command to check the type of kernel used:# uname -r[2.4.21-32.0.1.EL (kernel for single CPU)]# cp /boot/initrd-2.4.21-32.0.1.EL.img /boot/initrd-2.4.21-32.0.1.EL.img.bak# mkinitrd -f /boot/initrd-2.4.21-32.0.1.EL.img 2.4.21-32.0.1.EL[2.4.21-32.0.1.EL smp (kernel for multi-CPU)]#cp /boot/initrd-2.4.21-32.0.1.ELsmp.img /boot/initrd-2.4.21-32.0.1.ELsmp.img.bak# mkinitrd -f /boot/initrd-2.4.21-32.0.1.EL smp.img 2.4.21-32.0.1.EL smp(3)Restart the system.Enter the following command to restart the system.# shutdown -r now2.2 Adding Option CardsIf any of the option cards supported by the models listed in the following table is added after system installation, kudzu is automatically started at system startup. This section explains the operations that enable the system to automatically recognize the added card at each subsequent system startup.The table lists models and the option cards supported by them.TX200 S2 RX200 S2 RX300 S2PG-128 V -- -- SCSI cardPG-130L -- V V PG-140D1V V -- SCSI-RAID cardPG-142E3V V -- PG-1852 V V -- PG-1853 V -- -- PG-1853L -- V -- PG-1862 V V -- PG-1882 V -- -- PG-1882L -- V V PG-1892 V -- -- LAN cardPG-1892L -- V V PG-FC106V V V onboard Fibre-Channel cardPG-FC107V V VSCSI cardPG-128 -- -- V SCSI-RAID cardPG-142E3-- -- V PG-1852 -- -- V PG-1853 -- -- V PG-1862 -- -- V PG-1882 -- -- V LAN cardPG-1892 -- -- V PG-FC106-- -- V Raiser Card Fibre-Channel cardPG-FC107-- -- VV: Supported --: Not supported- TX200 S2 or RX300 S2If any of the option cards supported by the models listed in the above table is added after system installation, kudzu is automatically started at system startup. To add a fibre channel card, follow the steps below. Except for a fibre channel card, select "configure."To add a LAN card, configure network settings according to the instructions displayed in the window. Login as a root user at system startup, and perform the operations explained in Section 2.3, "Executing mkinitrd."This section explains the operations that enable the system to automatically recognize the added card at each subsequent system startup.[A fibre channel card is added](1)If a fibre channel card is added after system installation,kudzu is automatically started at system startup.Always select "ignore ."(2)Add the following line to /etc/modules.conf.If SCSI or SCSI-RAID device is installed in the system,number the end of "scsi_hostadapter", as "2, 3, ...".options scsi_mod max_scsi_luns=128 Add- RX200 S2If any of the option cards supported by the models listed in the above table is added after systeminstallation, kudzu is automatically started at system startup.To add a fibre channel card or LAN card, follow the steps below.Except for a fibre channel card and LAN card, select "configure." Login as a root user at system startup, and perform the operations explained in Section 2.3, "Executing mkinitrd."This section explains the operations that enable the system to automatically recognize the added card at each subsequent system startup.[A LAN card(PG-1852, PG-1862, PG-1882L or PG-1892L) is added](1)If any of the LAN cards supported by the models listed in the above table is addedafter system installation, kudzu is automatically started at system startup.Always select " ignore."(2)Add the following lines to /etc/modules.conf.[ PG-1852, PG-1853L,PG-1892L, or PG-1882L]alias eth0 e1000alias eth1 e1000alias eth2 e1000 <--- Add[ PG-1862]alias eth0 e1000alias eth1 e1000alias eth2 e1000 <--- Addalias eth3 e1000 <--- Add(3)Set up the network.[ PG-1852, ,PG-1853L ,PG-1892L, or PG-1882L]# netconfig -d eth0# netconfig -d eth1# netconfig -d eth2[ PG-1862]# netconfig -d eth0# netconfig -d eth1# netconfig -d eth2# netconfig -d eth3[A fibre channel card is added](1)If a fibre channel card is added after system installation,kudzu is automatically started atsystem startup.Always select "ignore ."(2)Add the following line to /etc/modules.conf.If SCSI or SCSI-RAID device is installed in the system,number the end of "scsi_hostadapter",as "2, 3, ...".options scsi_mod max_scsi_luns=128 Add2.3 Executing mkinitrd(1) Create initrd by executing the mkinitrd command.Create initrd by executing the mkinitrd command according to the kernel used.* Enter the following command to check the kernel used:# uname -rCommand execution examples are shown below.[2.4.21-32.0.1.EL (kernel for a single CPU)]# cp /boot/initrd-2.4.21-32.0.1.EL.img /boot/initrd-2.4.21-32.0.1.EL.img.bak# mkinitrd -f /boot/initrd-2.4.21-32.0.1.EL.img 2.4.21-32.0.1.EL[2.4.21-32.0.1.EL smp (kernel for multi-CPUs)]# cp /boot/initrd-2.4.21-32.0.1.EL smp.img /boot/initrd-2.4.21-32.0.1.ELsmp.img.bak# mkinitrd -f /boot/initrd-2.4.21-32.0.1.EL smp.img 2.4.21-32.0.1.EL smp(2) Restart the system.Restart the system as follows:# shutdown -r now3. Others3.1 Sound FunctionNo sound function is supported.3.2 PCI Hot Plug FunctionThe PCI hot plug function is not supported.3.3 Usable KernelsThe kernels that can be used vary depending on the hardware conditions.See the table below for the kernels that can be used.Note that middleware specifications might limit the kernel to be selected. In this case, select the kernel in accordance with the middleware specifications.Hardware conditionsKernel to be selectedMemory Number of logical CPUs (*1)for single CPU1CPU Kernel Up to 4 GB2 or more CPUs Kernel for multi-CPUMore than 4 GB and up to 8 GB No conditions Kernel for multi-CPU(*1) Even when only one CPU is installed, the number of logical CPUs is 2if Hyper Threading = Enabled.3.4 Distribution LimitationsOperation is not guaranteed if one of the following CPU, memory, and file system limitations is exceeded:Maximum number of logical CPUs: 16Maximum memory size: 8 GBFile system: Less than 1 TB3.5 Installation ProcedureFor information on the procedure for installing Red Hat Enterprise Linux ES (v.3 for x86), see the Installation Procedure included in the "Installation Kit" downloaded from Download Search.Attachment Outline of Global Array Manager Client Installation* Perform this operation only when an onboard SCSI-RAID or a SCSI-RAID card (PG-140D1 or PG-142E3) are mounted.* GAM-Client runs on Windows2000 and Windows2003. Prepare a management Windows system.1. Insert the driver CD into the CD-ROM drive in the management Windows system.2. Execute setup.exe in RHEL3¥UTY¥GAM¥Windows on the driver CD.3. When the "Welcome" window is displayed, click "Next."4. The "Software License Agreement" window is displayed. Read the statements and click "Yes" if youaccept the terms of this agreement.5. The "Select Components" window (Figure 1) is displayed. Confirm that the check box before "GlobalArray Manager Client" is selected. Clear the "Global Array Manager Server" and "SAN Array Manager Client" check boxes, and click "Next."Figure 1* "SAN Array Manager Client" is not supported. Do not install it.6.The "Choose Destination Location" window is displayed.Click "Browse," specify the location that you want as the installation destination, and click "Next."* If GAM-Client is already installed, a message confirmingwhether to overwrite is displayed. Click "OK" to continue.7. A dialog box for specifying the GAM-Client installation destination is displayed. Click "Next." and thesetup program starts copying files.8. The "Setup Complete" window is displayed.Click "Finish" to exit the GAM-Client installation wizard.-- END --。

GL3224规格书

Genesys Logic, Inc.
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GL3224 Datasheet
List of Figures
Figure 3.1 – QFN48 Pinout Diagram ...................................................................................... 9 Figure 3.2 – QFN32 Pinout Diagram .................................................................................... 10 Figure 4.1 – QFN48 Functional Block Diagram .................................................................. 16 Figure 4.2 – QFN32 Functional Block Diagram .................................................................. 16 Figure 5.1 - Timing Diagram of Reset Width ...................................................................... 19 Figure 5.2 - Timing Diagram of Power Good to USB Command Receive Ready ............ 20 Figure 7.1 - QFN 48 Pin Package .......................................................................................... 23 Figure 7.2 - QFN 32 Pin Package .......................................................................................... 24

原创2023学年九年级上学期期末考试试题(英语)

第I卷（客观题共70分）一、听力测试（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）第一部分听对话回答问题1. What does the woman order?2.Which direction should the boy go first?3.What must Jane remember to take?.What does Peter NOT like about camping?4.What does David want to do?A.Go cycling.B.Go swimming.C.Watch TV.5.How many people will be at the barbecue?A.Three.B.Four.C.Five.6.What does the man suggest?A.Buying a watch instead.7.Going to other shops to see more.before. What' s happened to you?Sandy: No, it' s nothing. Thanks for your care.Rose:Are you sure? Anyway, if you have any problem, tell me.(After school, Sandy and Jane are on the way home.)Jane:Sandy, I called youyesterday. Your mother told me that youhad a part-time job. What s the matter with you? We have to study hard during this year before we take the entrance examination. This year is very important to us.Sandy: (Crying) My father has lost his job, and we have no money to pay all the spending.Jane: Oh, Sandy, don' t worry. I will help you.(After the day z Jane decides to tell Rose about Sandy7 s problem.) Jane: Miss Lee, I have to tell you something about Sandy.Rose: Jane z you are Sandy's good friend. Do you know what s wrong with Sandy? Jane: Eh...I hear that Sandy' s father has lost his job, and Sandy has a part-time job...Rose: OK Z I understand.(Rose is in the social worker' s office.)R.ose: ..I ve told you everything about Sandy.Justin: I see. F II manage it as soon as I can.(In Sandy' s home, Mrs. Lin is in bed.)Mrs. Lin, I understand your feeling, but it' s her time to Justin:study hard to enter a good senior high school. She can' t do a part-time job after class.Mrs. Lin: I know what you want to tell me. But, in fact, her father hasn z t founda job and L..(Crying) Y ve been here several years!Justin: Don' t worry. I can introduce some work I know to her father. Mrs. Lin: Thank you very much.48.Who is Justin in the play?A. The teacher.B. Sandy' s classmate.C. The social worker.D. Sand' s father.49.The words in brackets, such as ”(They go to the office together.)” tell.A.what the play is aboutB.what the writer acts in the playC.what the characters are saying to each otherD.what the characters are doing and how they are actingWhich is the correct order according to the play?a.Jane goes to see Mrs. Lin.b.Sandy has got a part-time jobMrs. Lin meets Justin.c.Sandy' s mother is ill in bed.d.Sandy' s father has lost his job.A. e-d-a-b-cB. e-d-b-a-cC. d-e-a-b-cD. d-e-b-a-cDear Mr. ExpertI grew up in an abusive（虐待的）home. I always promised myself that F d get out as soon as possible. Now, at age 20,1 have a good job and a nice house of my own, and F m really proud.Here, s the problem: some of my friends who still live with their parents spend the weekends with me. But now they make mine theirs. They bring boy friends over; talk on the phone, etc.I enjoy having my friends here sometimes - it makes the place feel comfortable and warm, but this is my home, not a party house, what shall I do?oanDear Joan,If your family didn' t pay attention to your needs when you were a child, you probably have trouble letting others know your needs now.And if you' ve gathered your friends around you to rebuild a happy family, you may fear that saying no will bring back the kind of conflict that you grew up in. You need to understand that in true friendship it' s okay to put your own needs first from time to time.Be clear about the message you want to send. For example, T really love you, but I also need some personal space. So please call before you come over.”Edward50.We can infer（推断）from the first letter that.A.Joan considers her friends more important than her personal spaceB.Joan' s friends visit her more often than she can acceptC.Joan doesn' t like the parties at allD.Joan dislikes the boyfriends that her friends bring overAccording to Mr. Expert, why can' t Joan tell her friends her feeling?A. She is afraid of hurting her friends.B. She does not understand truefriendship.C. Her family experience stops her doing so.D. She does not put her needs first.51.The underlined word "conflict“ in the second letter means .A. free lifeB. angry fightC. bad mannersD.sad feelingDYou can't always know when there' II be a heavy rain or when to take an umbrella with you. But designer Mikhail Belyaev doesn1 t think that forgetting to check the weather report before going out should cause you to get wet in the rain. That' s why he created the Lampbrella一a lamp post （灯柱）with its own "umbrella".The designer says he came up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia. "Once, I was driving on a central Saint Petersburg street and saw people trying to hide from the rain under the street lamps. I thought it would be a good idea to have a Lampbrella built into a street lamp/' he said.The Lampbrella is a street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy（遮蓬）. It has an inside electric motor（电动马达）which can open or close the umbrella freely. The Lampbrella will offer people cover whenever it starts raining. After three minutes of not being used the canopy is closed.According to the designer, the Lampbrella would move at a very low speed in order not to cause harm to people. What' s more, it would be grounded to protect from a possible lightning hit Each Lampbrella would offer enough cover for several people. Being 2 meters off the ground, it would only be a dangerfor the tallest man.While there are no plans to take the Lampbrella into production（生产），Belyaev says he recently introduced his creation to one Moscow company, and insists his creation could be on any street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide cover.52.According to the passage, for what purpose did Belyaev create the Lampbrella?A. To know when there* II be a heavy rain.B. To check the weather report.C. To protect people from the rain.D. To remind people totake an umbrella.53.What can we learn from Belyaev1 s words in Paragraph 2?A. His creation was encouraged by an experience.B. It rains a lot in the city of Saint Petersburg.C. Street lamps are protected by canopies.D. He enjoyed taking walks in the rain.54.What can we infer from the last paragraph?A.The designer will open a company to produce his creation.B.The Lampbrella could be put into production at once.C.The designer is confident that his creation is practical.D.The Lampbrella would be put on show in Moscow.55.The best title of this passage is .A. A special umbrella - LampbrellaB. Why Belyaev createdthe LampbrellaC. A special light - LampbrellaD. Where theLampbrella first appear第U卷（主观题共40分）五、词汇运用（本大题共8小题，每小题1分，共8分）（A）根据句意，写出括号内所给单词的适当形式。

人教版高中英语选择性必修第一册 UNIT 2 Section A

第一步速读课文理清脉络 Task 1 Read the text quickly and do the following exercises. 1.What does the text mainly tell us? D A.Smart homes are already on the way. B.Smart homes will focus on people’s health issues. C.Smart homes will make us lazy. D.Smart homes will make our life easier in many ways. 2.What is the purpose of the text? The purpose of the text is to introduce and get people excited about the idea of smart homes.
目录索引
Part 1 Reading comprehension Part 2 Language points
素养导航•明目标
激情早读•拓视野
The New Age of Invention Interviewer:Good evening,and welcome to Between the Pages.This evening,I’ll be talking to Dr Richard Fairhurst,whose new book The New Age of Invention has just been published.Welcome,Richard! Richard:Thank you.It’s a pleasure to be here. Interviewer:I guess you have been asked about the title of your book before.It suggests that the present day is a new age for inventions,but many people might think that the great age of invention is over.

Certified by ____________________________________________________________

R ECOGNITION AND C LASSIFICATION BY E XPLORATIONbyT IMOTHY A. C HKLOVSKIS UBMITTED T O T HE D EPARTMENT O F E LECTRICAL E NGINEERING A NDC OMPUTER S CIENCE I N P ARTIAL F ULFILLMENT O F T HE R EQUIREMENTS F OR T HED EGREES O FBACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING AND MASTER OF ENGINEERING IN ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ANDCOMPUTER SCIENCEat theMASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGYFebruary 1998© 1998 Timothy Chklovski. All rights reserved.The author hereby grants to MIT permission to reproduce anddistribute publicly paper and electronic copies of this thesisand to grant others the right to do so.Signature of Author ______________________________________________________Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceFebruary 2, 1998 Certified by ____________________________________________________________Marvin Lee MinskyToshiba Professor of Media Arts and SciencesThesis Supervisor Accepted by ___________________________________________________________Arthur C. SmithChairman, Departmental Committee on Graduate StudentsR ECOGNITION AND C LASSIFICATION BY E XPLORATIONbyTimothy A. ChklovskiSubmitted to the department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Scienceon February 2, 1998 in Partial Fulfillment of theRequirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Computer Science and Engineering and Master of Engineering in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science AbstractThis thesis presents an approach to selecting an alternative from a collection of plausible ones. We describe an agent that implements the approach with an iterative algorithm that causes one alternative to stand out as a clear leader.The approach is applied to the more specific problem of interactive recognition. The presented algorithm locates appropriate candidates for recognition and either selects one as a successful recognition or formulates a question that will most aid disambiguation, poses it to the user (in a larger system, it could pose it to the agent’s environment) and iterates with the result. The algorithm is constructed to cope with noisy inputs as well as uncertain and unsound reasoning. The performance is exemplified in a small domain. The presented algorithm is designed to account for additional biases on its performance that are likely to surface when it is used by a larger reasoning system. The mechanisms that allow biasing the behavior of the algorithm are discussed in some detail. Much attention is paid to how the algorithm could be integrated into a larger system and the role it would play in it.Thesis Supervisor: Marvin Lee MinskyTitle: Toshiba Professor of Media Arts and SciencesAcknowledgmentsI would like to especially thank my parents, Anatoli and Lioubov Chklovski, who played the key role in my intellectual development from the earliest days and who have always remained my dear friends. I also thank my advisor, Professor Marvin Minsky, and my colleagues Nicholas Cassimatis and Pushpinder Singh. They have provided much more inspiration, guidance, and intellectual challenge than their call of duty.These people, as well as many others, have strengthened my endeavor to make machines intelligent.ContentsCHAPTER 1.INTRODUCTION (7)1.1S ELECTION VIEWED AS A RACE (7)1.2B ACKGROUND (9)1.2.1 The Society of Mind (11)1.2.2 Machine Learning (11)1.2.3 Symbolic Classifiers (12)Other approaches to Recognition and Classification (13)1.3W HAT THE RACE ALGORITHM DOES (14)1.3.1 Input (14)1.3.2 Output (15)1.4O UTLINE (16)CHAPTER 2.EXAMPLE (18)CHAPTER 3.THE RECOGNITION AND CLASSIFICATION BY EXPLORATION (RACE) ALGORITHM (20)3.1R ETRIEVING AND SCORING POTENTIAL CANDIDATES (21)3.2F ORMING A RACE SET OF CANDIDATES (23)3.3D ECIDING WHETHER A SUCCESSFUL RECOGNITION IS PRESENT (25)3.4C OMPUTING A QUESTION TO POSE (27)3.5C OMPUTING THE OUTPUT (32)CHAPTER 4.GOAL-DIRECTED VERSION OF RACE ALGORITHM (33)4.1T HE PURPOSE OF GOAL-DIRECTED RECOGNITION (33)4.2D ETERMINING SUCCESS AND SCORING A QUESTION IN GOAL-DIRECTED RACE (34)CHAPTER 5.FUTURE WORK (36)5.1R EQUIRED P ROPERTIES (36)5.2L EARNING (37)5.3E XPLORATION STRATEGY (38)CHAPTER 6.DISCUSSION: (40)6.1F UNCTIONALITY PROVIDED BY THE AGENT TO A LARGER SYSTEM (40)6.2W HEN IS RECOGNITION COMPLETED? (41)6.3C ORRELATED PROPERTIES (43)6.4A CTIONS A LARGER SYSTEM CAN TAKE IF RECOGNITION FAILS (44)6.5S ELECTION SETS AS INTERFACES (45)6.6B IASING THE RACE (46)CHAPTER 7.SUMMARY (49)APPENDIX A. GLOSSARY OF THRESHOLDS (50)APPENDIX B (51)B.1R EPRESENTATION (51)B.2D OMAIN (53)B.2.1 Structure of Objects (53)B.2.2 Structure of Properties (54)B.2.3 Assignment of Properties (54)B.3I NFERENCE (55)B.3.1 Establishing Properties by Inheritance (56)B.3.2 Establishing Negative Properties (56)B.3.3 On energy-bounded retrieval (57)APPENDIX C. EXAMPLES (58)C.1 M AIN RECOGNITION ALGORITHM (58)C.1.1 Leader not in initial candidates (58)C.1.2 Cannot disambiguate between candidates (60)C.1.3 Not similar to anything (61)C.1.4 Initial Recognition is Refined (62)C.1.5 A clear leader, no additional work necessary (63)C.2 G OAL-DIRECTED RECOGNITION (64)C.2.1 Full RACE unnecessary to establish a particular property (64)C.2.2 Goal-directed RACE algorithm poses different questions than the standard RACE (64)REFERENCES (66)FiguresFigure 1. Notation used throughout the presentation of the algorithm (20)Figure 2. Outline of the algorithm (21)Figure 3. Computing the score from the tvs of the candidate and the unknown object (22)Figure 4. Scoring the preliminary candidates (23)Figure 5. Candidates, known properties, and additional properties retrieved for them (27)Figure 6. The probabilities used for predicting tv of the answer (29)Chapter 1. Introduction1.1 Selection viewed as a raceT his thesis describes an approach to selecting an alternative from a collection of plausible ones. The approach is presented as an agent that uses an iterative algorithm to accomplish the disambiguation. The algorithm races the evolving set of alternatives by posing questions to the outside environment until the best alternative emerges as a clear leader.By a race between the alternatives we will mean iterating thorough the following steps:Step 1.Select a set of plausible alternatives based on available informationStep 2.Estimate appropriateness of each alternative independently of othersStep 3.Decide whether one alternative convincingly stands out above the rest. If so, return it. Otherwise, use the current landscape of alternatives to determinethe action that will bring the most clarity to the current set of alternatives.Step 4.Take that action and incorporate the information it returns, setting up for the iterationRacing can carry out the selection in conditions with noisy sensors, unsound reasoning, and limited resources. Racing the alternatives against each other is appropriate whenever arguments supporting each alternative can only be obtained at a cost, and it is desirable to keep that cost low while developing sufficient confidence that one alternative is better than the rest.F lexible behavior based on assessment of the intermediate situation is what places racingon a level above simple feedback systems. Their ability to tolerate noise, we believe, makes racing an appropriate tool in many tasks where assumption of perfectly correct inferences being drawn on the basis of perfectly correct information is not realistic.T he need to select from a set of alternatives is germane to many AI tasks, not just recognition. Here are examples of some such tasks:•Action selection: the process of deciding whether to rest or to satisfy hunger or to satisfy thirst can be mapped nicely onto racing, as outlined above, the goals of “rest,”“satisfy hunger,” and “satisfy thirst”.•In determining whether a given statement is true or false, there is also an implicit race between the alternatives “true” and “false” – effectively, racing in this situation amounts to weighing the pros and cons. An answer is produced only once we are sufficiently confident of it.•In all problems that can be formulated as a search though a tree, the key decision at each step is which node in the tree to expand next. It is desirable to select a good node to expand while keeping the evaluation costs low. Therefore, the racing algorithm applies.•Rule-based systems, when they are scaled up, run into problems of needing to select a rule to fire out of several rules that match the current situation. The need for a powerful conflict resolution strategy can be addressed by forming a race set from the matching rules and using control knowledge as the source of information for making the choice.•More directly related to recognition is the problem of learning a new concept. A new concept can be defined in terms of similarities and differences from a known concept, which is used as a prototype. This learning can be pretty much reduced to the process of recognizing the novel object as a known one by racing and noting the differences in the process.Since racing is widely applicable, this thesis can be viewed as a study of applying racingto the particular task of feature-based recognition. We will use the acronym RACE, which stands for Recognition And Classification by Exploration, to refer to the application of the more general notion of racing to recognition and classification. The particular details developed in this thesis will remain quite relevant in adapting the RACE algorithm to other tasks. The capacity of racing to offset an alternative against others and to function even in noisy situations makes it a valuable tool in many situations.1.2 BackgroundThe tasks of recognition and of classification overlap. Both involve examining an unknown object or situation and deciding to what known category it is most likely to belong. Processes dubbed “recognition” more often carry connotation of dealing with only partial or imperfect information. Classification, on the other hand, usually assumes that sufficient information is present and focuses on making finer distinctions to place a concept into a provided taxonomy of concepts. The task of classification is usually approached as a top-down process that iteratively narrows the set of possibilities.In other words, recognition and classification refer to roughly the same task, but the terms have different connotations about the coarseness of the process and the amount of information available. The Recognition and Classification by Exploration (RACE) algorithm hence lives up to its name by initially coarsely recognizing the unknown and then querying for more information to classify the object more finely. Based on the amount and quality of provided information, the same algorithm can appear to be in the recognition or in the classification regime, progressing from the former to the latter if possible.The task we describe can be most directly mapped onto the recognition involved in high level vision. The approach of studying the high level without designing for integration into a larger system has received much criticism. Two comments about RACE are in order here.First, the entire process of vision can be thought of as a hierarchy of RACE agents (with much additional machinery surely present). Some queries produced by the topmost agents need to percolate down all the way to the lowest levels to be answered. For an excellent discussion of counterstreams of information in the vision process, see [Ullman 1996].Second, the sets of alternatives that form in high-level tasks and the questions that can be posed to gain information probably tend to be more varied. At the lowest levels, for example, about the only way to gain more information is to foveate on the area of interest. Therefore, we prefer to demonstrate the flexibility of the algorithm on higher-level tasks.The task we address is important in domains such as vision, where a feature is descriptive independently of its relationship with other features. The approach taken in this thesis is not as directly applicable to domains in which features need to be structured in a particular way to be fully meaningful. Examples of domains with such underlying structure are speech recognition and plan recognition. Just as words “life” and “file”differ only in order of the letters (the uniform structure of the features) and not in the letters (the features) themselves, objects in these domains are not described simply as a set of their features. In speech recognition, the common structure is the temporalsequencing of the phonemes that are the features of the words. In plan recognition, steps of a plan form a chain from the given situation to the desired. When such a common structure is present, custom techniques for dealing with it are appropriate, as hidden Markov models are for speech recognition.We now turn to an overview of related problems and known approaches to these problems.1.2.1 The Society of MindMarvin Minsky’s The Society of Mind presents a broad array of machinery out of which the larger mechanisms of the human mind can be constructed. Most directly applicable to this thesis machinery is: Cross-Exclusion [Minsky 1986c], as well as Recognizers and Closing the Ring [Minsky 1986d].1.2.2 Machine LearningThe notion of competition between the possible answers is present in k-nearest neighbor classification and related methods. In both approaches, adding a new object to the domain will cause some inputs to be classified as the new object rather than one of the old ones. In a way, the new object will beat out the competition on the inputs that are similar to it. However, the notion of posing a question to improve the recognition is not present in the standard k-nearest neighbors paradigm.The most popular approach that does include the notion of interactively posing questions is decision trees. In decision trees, the queries to pose have been pre-computed on knowndata. The RACE algorithm computes the queries dynamically. Computing the query at run-time allows the algorithm to account for many aspects of the current configuration even when the space of configurations is large. By taking advantage of as much information as possible at once, we improve the noise tolerance of the algorithm.Noise tolerance is present in another class of approaches – autocorellational approaches such as Hopfield nets and Boltzmann machines. The drawbacks Hopfield nets and Boltzmann machines entail is that they do not readily accommodate revision of the knowledge they encode; in standard approaches, they need to be retrained from scratch. Arguably, lack of an explicit representation also makes them less amenable to manipulation by a larger system.For an algorithm that selects a classifier based on features of the data set see [Brodley 1995].1.2.3 Symbolic ClassifiersAn important component of the knowledge representation architectures of the KL-ONE family (such as LOOM and CLASSIC) is a component called a classifier or a recognizer. However, these systems typically assume that sound inference is performed on noise-free information. Hence the designs of the algorithms are quite different. Designers of LOOM stress importance of backward chaining in the recognition process [MacGregor 1988], [MacGregor & Brill 1992].Classification is often carried out in a top-down fashion [Brachman et al. 1991]. In the conditions where noise might be present this approach has the drawback of not takingadvantage of all available information right away. It also often requires imposing a more restrictive structure (such as a single inheritance hierarchy) on the knowledge. We stress that the approach of this thesis is applicable to the same tasks, hopefully overcoming the difficulties that the other methods run into.In general, in matchers dealing with more complicated structures the notion of competition is usually not given as much attention. In reality, the dynamic computation of the set of competing alternatives becomes even more important in the situations where the matching itself is elaborate. There is an interactive, incremental classifier for KL-ONE architectures [Silverman 1984]. It proceeds in a top-down fashion through a tree of concepts. In selecting a question it primarily uses user-supplied rankings, resorting to a greedy worst-case minimization when the rankings are not available.1.2.4 Other approaches to Recognition and ClassificationA process related to recognition and classification is categorization. While classification places an object into a pre-supplied ontology, categorization (as we use the term) entails partitioning a set of objects into a (possibly hierarchically structured) set of categories. Categorization can be viewed as a process constructing the knowledge base that is used by recognition and classification algorithms. A relevant problem of what constitutes a category in the natural world and how these categories might be extracted from a set of objects has been addressed [Bobick 1987]. The work presents a categorization paradigm and an algorithm for recovering multiple levels of natural categories.Classification is also used as a problem solving technique. Problems can sometimes be classified to locate an appropriate method of solution. Heuristic, non-hierarchical classification is applicable in this domain, as overviewed by [Clancey 1985].1.3 What the RACE algorithm doesThe algorithm, when presented with some properties of an unknown object, determines which one (of the ones in its domain) this object is. The recognition is performed with the assumption that some information may be absent, uncertain, or incorrect. Due to this assumption, the result of recognition is also not guaranteed to be correct; rather, the confidence of recognition can be traded off for the amount of information used. The algorithm is interactive in the sense that it formulates and poses questions that help it disambiguate between competing answers and build confidence in a particular answer. The input given to the algorithm and the output it produces are stated in full below.1.3.1 InputThe input consists of the following:− A set of assertions about the object being recognized.−Optionally, the amount of energy allocated to the process. (If omitted, the default value is used).−Also optionally, the caller can override the default values of the thresholds the algorithm uses. A glossary of all the controlling parameters is given in Appendix A.1.3.2 OutputRecognition amounts to deciding which object in the system’s knowledge base is theanswer, i.e. deciding which object the unknown matches best. To be chosen as theanswer, a candidate has to be significantly better than the competing ones. The previoussentence needs some unpacking:•What constitutes significantly better is described by the relevant thresholds of Appendix A. The magnitudes of these thresholds reflect confidence in the answer.•Two possible recognitions, as A and as B, are said to compete if no object can be recognized as both A and B. For example, “fruit” and “pear” do not compete while “tomato” and “pear” do. In general, if A subsumes B or vice versa, A and B are not in competition. However, if knowledge is organized in a multiple-inheritance hierarchy, it is possible for two recognitions not to compete even when they do not subsume each other. For example, recognizing that a person is a Republican does not preclude the person from being a Quaker. Combining evidence from these recognitions can pose additional problems, as in the Nixon diamond example, but processes that follow recognition are not addressed in this thesis. In our knowledge representation formalism, presented in Appendix B, A competing with B is expressed as “A isa B” having a truth value of -1 (i.e. “no”).If successful recognition is reached, the algorithm continues to explore the non-competing possible recognitions that can provide additional information. For example,having established that a person is a Republican and having some evidence that theperson might be a Quaker, the algorithm will try to establish this with more confidence.Similarly, if we had a successful recognition as a “fruit” as well as evidence that this is an“apple”, the algorithm would go on to refine the recognition. On the other hand, once anobject is recognized as an “apple”, the algorithm would not try to recognize it as a “fruit”because that would not provide additional information.In the example domain we use, objects are organized into a single-inheritance hierarchy, so the notion of competition becomes equivalent to subsumption. The notion of continuing to explore reduces to considering those candidates that inherit properties from the successful recognition. The main advantage of using a single-inheritance hierarchy is the following: since any two objects are either in a subsumption relationship or in competition, the result of the recognition is always a single answer. This would not be the case in the example with the Republican and the Quaker. Note, however, that the algorithm as it is described will work on a multiple-inheritance hierarchy as well.As will become clear once the algorithm is presented, this definition of the output does not imply that recognition always proceeds from the top down. In searching for a suitable answer it is driven by the quality of possible answers rather than by the structure of the knowledge. The ability to switch to a taxonomically unrelated candidate that was suggested by the newly supplied properties is one of the strengths of the algorithm. Finally, if the object cannot be successfully recognized as any of the objects in the hierarchy, the algorithm indicates this by outputting NIL.1.4 OutlineThe rest of the thesis is organized as follows:Chapter 2 presents a sample run of the algorithm to demonstrate exactly what the algorithm accomplishes.Chapter 3 outlines and then details the implemented recognition algorithm.Chapter 4 presents a version of the main algorithm for answering a specific question about the object being recognized.Chapter 5 outlines the directions for future work. Of particular importance there is the outline of how this algorithm may be integrated with concept acquisition and repair.Chapter 6, is probably the most thoughtful one; it chiefly addresses how the algorithm could be used within a larger reasoning system and describes the features of the design of the algorithm that were put in specifically to aid the integration into a larger system.Following Chapter 7, which is a brief summary of the key points of the thesis, there are 3 appendices:Appendix A is a glossary of the thresholds used in the algorithm.Appendix B describes the knowledge representation, the domain and the inference mechanisms used for demonstrating the operation of the algorithm.Appendix C presents auxiliary examples that illustrate more advanced aspects of the algorithm’s behavior. These examples demonstrate the necessity of the features of the algorithm that are not called upon in solving the simpler example of Chapter 2.Chapter 2. ExampleAt this point, we present an example of interaction with the algorithm. All of the examples are carried out in a knowledge base with a fairly simple representation scheme. The representation and the knowledge base are described in detail in Appendix B.The following notational convention is used: comments are in italics, user input is preceded by the “>” prompt, and the system queries and output are in CAPS.The algorithm has been implemented in Allegro Common Lisp 3.02 for Windows.> (recognize ’(((isa edible) 1) ((isa round) 1) ((isa soft) -1)))This is the initial input. We are trying to recognize something that is edible, round object but is not soft. A “1” (which can be implicit) indicates that the property is present, “-1”indicates it is absent, while “0” indicates no information is available. These numbers are truth values. The answer we are looking for is “apple”. The values of all unspecified thresholds are at their default values.CANDIDATES: APPLE TOMATO VEGETABLE FRUITSCORES: [MAX:2.2] 2.2 1.5 1 1----------------------------------------------------------------------PROPERTIES & TV’s:ISA EDIBLE [1] [1] 1 [1] 1 [1] 1 [1] 1ISA ROUND [1] [1] 1 [1] 1 [0] 0 [0] 0ISA SOFT [-1] [-1] .2 [1] -.5 [0] 0 [0] 0SUCCESSFUL RECOGNITIONS: NILThe algorithm reports the race set of candidates, their scores and the maximum attainable score. The columns present truth values in square brackets; the numbers next to them are contributions of these truth values to scores. It also returns the specific truth values (in square brackets) and scores that contributes to each assertion. The successful recognitions up to this point are reported as well.QUESTION: WHAT IS tv(X, (ISA FRUIT))?:The agent asks a question to help disambiguate between the possibilities. In this case, we will assume that the truth value of the assertion that the unknown has this property was directly established (but the answer could be erroneous)> 1The user enters one of 1, 0, or -1CANDIDATES: APPLE FRUIT PEAR LEMONSCORES: [MAX:3.2] 3.2 2 1.7 1.5------------------------------------------------------------------------PROPERTIES & TV’s:ISA FRUIT [1] [1] 1 [1] 1 [1] 1 [1] 1ISA EDIBLE [1] [1] 1 [1] 1 [1] 1 [1] 1ISA ROUND [1] [1] 1 [0] 0 [-1] -.5 [-1] -.5ISA SOFT [-1] [-1] 0.2 [0] 0 [-1] 0.2 [0] 0SUCCESSFUL RECOGNITIONS: (APPLE)ENERGY SPENT: 2 ENERGY REMAINING: 4ANSWER: APPLEThe system re-computes the candidates and their scores. Sufficient spread between the leader Apple and the highest scoring competing candidate Pear has been achieved before we ran out of energy. The answer cannot be refined, so the algorithm succeeds, returning with the answer Apple.Examples illustrating some of the more advanced features of the algorithm and special cases can be found in Appendix C.Chapter 3. The Recognition and Classification by Exploration (RACE) AlgorithmThe following notation will be of use in presenting the algorithm:Figure 1. Notation used throughout the presentation of the algorithm.The algorithm is outlined in brief in Figure 2. It is presented in detail in the rest of this chapter. The example of Chapter 2 is traced throughout the presentation of the algorithm.Figure 2. Outline of the algorithm3.1 Retrieving and scoring potential candidatesThe objects with at least one property from I 1 are retrieved. These form the set of potential candidates. The example of Chapter 2 had:I = {< p 1 = isa edible,tv(X, p 1)= 1 >< p 2 = isa round,tv(X, p 2) = 1 >< p 3 = isa soft,tv(X, p 3) = -1 >}Retrieval from our domain resulted in the following set of Potential Candidates (PC s):{APPLE, BALL, CUCUMBER, FRUIT, LEMON, PEAR, TOMATO, VEGETABLE}Note that the very general recognitions such as Object were not retrieved. By indexing more directly into the possible recognitions rather than working in a top-down fashion,the algorithm is able to right away take advantage of the additional properties that are not known about Object.Next, for each potential candidate PC a score score PC is computed according to()()()∑=pPC p X tv p PC tv SC score ,,,Where p ranges over the properties in the input set, and the SC(candidate tv , unknown tv )function is computed as follows:Candidate Unknown10-1110-.50000-1-.5.2Figure 3. Computing the score from the tv s of the candidate and the unknown object.The low value of SC(-1, -1), .2, captures the intuition that not having a property is not really convincing evidence at all. Just as a red car is neither blue nor green nor yellow,there are many negative assertions for every positive one. Therefore, a candidate and the unknown may share the negative property by chance. The negative tv s serve mainly to。

小学趣味英语ppt课件

Useful English Phrases
Learn English Phrases that can be used in a variety of situations
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fateapocrypha小说

fateapocrypha小说
《Fate/Apocrypha》原本是Fate的网游企划(Fate Online Project)，后来因故搁置。

本作可视为正作时间轴上自第三次圣杯战争后分支的平行时间轴。

原先预定共四卷，而后增加至五卷，暂译为《外典：圣杯大战》《红之祭典黑之轮舞》《圣人的凯旋》《炽天之杯》《邪龙与圣女》。

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Fate/Apocrypha剧情简介
在第三次圣杯战争过后，御三家爱因兹贝伦、远坂、马奇里处于虚弱无力的状态，大圣杯系统因而被纳粹势力所夺取，后来又被其他的魔术师搬运至别处。

冬木市的圣杯战争也迎来了终结。

圣杯战争的资讯被公布，此后在世界各地都发生了圣杯战争的“亚种”，召唤英灵变得稀松平常。

然而这些亚种的圣杯战争召唤的英灵数量有限，且无法到达根源。

冬木市的圣杯被搬运至罗马尼亚，该地区的一支魔术师向时钟塔宣战，并打算成立新的魔术协会。

他们利用圣杯系统召唤了七名从者，而时钟塔利用了大圣杯的“非常时期机制”，另外召唤了另一派别的七名从者。

而圣杯本身也召唤了一名特殊职阶的从者-裁定者(Ruler)。

而故事的主线，就围绕在这红黑双方从者/御主之间的战斗以及和管理者的冲突而展开。

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恒温控制器用户指南说明书

Step 30. Select the Deadband Value Submenu Press d . The display will show 020.0, otherwisepress b or c.Press d to store and advance to next menu item.Step 31. Enter the Alarm 2 MenuThe display will show ALR2the top menu for Alarm 2.Repeat steps from 29 and 30 to set for Alarm 2 the same conditions as for Alarm 1.Step 32. Configuration of Display Color Selection Press a until the COLR Display Color Selection Menu appears on the Display. Configure COLR as N.CLR /GRN (green), 1.CLR / RED (red), 2.CLR /AMBR (amber). Please refer to the operator’s manual if needed.For color change on Setpoints refer to Owners Manual Section 2.Step 33. Run a TestPress a until reset the controller and return to RUN Mode to display 075.0(Ambient Temperature). Now you are ready to observe temperature as it rises 10°F higher thandisplayed. Touch the tip of the Thermocouple to raise the temperature above the Alarm 2 High value 082.0, and AL2will turn on, and Display Color will change from Green to Amber. Continue touching the tip to raise the temperature above the Alarm 1 High value 087.0and Display Color will change from Amber to Red. Annunciator “1” is turning on and off displaying output 1.Step 11. Enter to the Thermocouple Type Input Submenu Press d to display flashing, previously selected Thermocouple type.Step 12. Scroll through available selection of TC types Press b to sequence thru flashing Thermocouple types,(select k -for type "K" CHROMEGA ®/ALOMEGA ®)J K T E N DIN J R S B C - TC types J k t E N dN J R S b C - DisplayStep 13. Store TC typeAfter you have selected the Thermocouple type press d to store your selection, the instrument automatically advances to the next menu item.Step 14. Enter to Reading Configuration MenuThe display shows RDG Reading Configuration, which is the top menu for 4 submenus: Decimal Point, Degree Units,Filter Constant and Input/Reading Submenus.Step 15. Enter to Decimal Point Submenu Press d to show DEC Decimal Point.Step 16. Display the Decimal Point positionPress d again to display the flashing Decimal Point position.Step 17. Select the Decimal Point position Press b to select FFF.F Decimal Point position.Step 18. Store selected Decimal Point positionBy pressing d momentarily the Decimal Point position will be stored and the instrument will go to the next menu item.Step 19. Enter to Temperature Unit Submenu Display shows TEMP Temperature Unit.Step 20. Display available Temperature Units Press d to display the flashing Degree °F or °C .Step 21. Scroll through Temperature Units selection Press b to select °F Degree.Step 22. Store the Temperature UnitPress d to display momentarily that the Degree Unit has been stored and the instrument will go automatically to the next menu item.Step 23. Enter the Filter Constant Submenu Display shows FLTR Filter Constant Submenu.Step 24. Display the Filter Constant Value Submenu Press d to display the flashing, previously selected Filter Constant.Step 25. Scroll through available Filter Constants Press b to sequence thru Filter Constants 0001, 0002,0004, 0008, 0016, 0032, 0064and 0128.Step 26. Store the Filter ConstantPress d momentarily to store 0004Filter Constant and the instrument will automatically go to the next menu item.Step 27. Enter Alarm 1 MenuPress a until the ALR1Alarm 1 Menu appears on the Display. In the following steps we are going to DisableLatch, Active Above, Deadband 020.0, and above Setpoint 1Value will activate Alarm 1.Step 28. Select Latch Type SubmenuPress d to display flashing DSBL / ENBL .If flashing DSBL is displayed, press a , if ENBL is displayed, press b until DSBL is displayed, then press d to store and go to the next menu item.Step 29. Select the Above Type of Active Submenu Press d . If flashing ABoV Above is displayed, press a ,otherwise press b until ABoV is displayed. Press d to store and advance to next menu item.MQS3716-SM/0305WARNING:These products are not designed for use in, and should not be used for, patient-connected applications.It is the policy of OMEGA to comply with all worldwide safety and EMC/EMI regulations that apply. OMEGA is constantly pursuing certification of its products to the European New Approach Directives. OMEGA will add the mark to every appropriate device upon certification.The information contained in this document is believed to be correct, but OMEGA Engineering, Inc. accepts no liability for any errors it contains, and reserves the right to alter specifications without notice.TRADEMARK NOTICE:®,®,, andare Trademarks ofOMEGA ENGINEERING, INC.®SPECIFICATIONAccuracy:+0.5°C temp;0.03% rdg. process typical Resolution:1°/0.1°; 10 µV process Temperature Stability:0.04°C/°C RTD;0.05°C/°C TC @ 25°C (77°F); 50 ppm/°C process Display:4-digit, 7-segment LED, 57.2 mm (2.25") with red, green, and amber programmable colors for process variable, set point and temperature units.Input Types:Thermocouple, RTD, Analog Voltage and Current TC: (ITS 90)J, K, T, E, R, S, B, C, N, L RTD: (ITS 68)100/500/1000 ohm Pt sensor2-, 3-, or 4-wire; 0.00385 or 0.00392 curve Voltage:0 to 100 mV, 0 to 1 V, 0 to 10 Vdc Current:0 to 20 mA (4 to 20 mA)Output 1†:Relay 250 Vac @ 3 A Resistive Load,SSR, Pulse, Analog Voltage and Current Output 2†:Relay 250 Vac @ 3 A Resistive Load,SSR, Pulse†Only for AlarmsOptions:Communication RS-232 / RS-485 or Excitation:24 Vdc Power:100-240 Vac ±10%,50-60 Hz, 22.5 W Dimensions:289 L x 137 W x 73 D mm(11.75” L x 5.375” W x 2.875” D)Panel Cutout:279.4 L x 116.8 W mm (11.00” L x 4.60” W)Weight:1,360 g (3 lbs)Approvals:per EN 61010-1:2001iLD24 Big Displayhis Quick Start Reference provides information on setting up your instrument for basic operation. The latest complete Communication and Operational Manual as well as free Software and ActiveX Controls are available at or on the CD-ROM enclosed with your shipment .SAFETY CONSIDERATIONThe instrument is a panel mount device protected in accordance with EN 61010-1:2001, electrical safetyrequirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory.Remember that the unit has no power-on switch. Building installation should include a switch or circuit-breaker that must be compliant to IEC 947-1 and 947-3.SAFETY:•Do not exceed voltage rating on the label located on the back of the instrument housing.•Always disconnect power before changing signal and power connections.•Do not use this instrument on a work bench without its case for safety reasons.•Do not operate this instrument in flammable or explosive atmospheres.EMC:•Whenever EMC is an issue, always use shielded cables. •Never run signal and power wires in the same conduit.•Use signal wire connections with twisted-pair cables.•Install Ferrite Bead(s) on signal wire close to the instrument if EMC problems persist.。

IP设备搜索和配置工具操作手册说明书

3.1 Enable or Disable DHCP......................................pter I Overview
IP Device Search and Configuration Tool (also known as a Discovery Tool; hereinafter referred to as “the Tool”) is used for remote configuration and management of network devices. You can use the tool to search IP devices and make parameter settings and batch upgrade.
You may use the Tool to search, configure and upgrade the devices, but you cannot configure or upgrade offline devices.
Note: Depending on your computer and Windows version, some of these screens will be different but functionality will be similar.
Figure 1-5 7. Click “Finish” to exit. An icon named “IPCConfig” will appear on the desktop and in the Program sub-menu “IPCConfig” of the start menu.
1.2 Uninstall Software

Lichuan servo- B2 servo series operation 说明书

CatalogCHAPTER I INSTALLATION (4)1.1I NSTALLATION OF S ERVO D RIVE U NIT (4)1.2I NSTALLATION OF S ERVO MOTOR (5)CHAPTERⅡWIRING (7)2.1T HE M AIN C IRCUIT W IRING (7)2.1.1The Name of the Main Circuit Terminal (7)2.1.2Application Method of Main Circuit Power Terminal(spring-loaded) (7)2.1.3Main Circuit Wiring (8)2.2CN3C ONTROL T ERMINAL W IRING (9)2.2.1Standard Wiring of The Position Mode (9)2.2.2Standard Wiring of The Speed/Torque Mode (11)2.2.3CN3Terminal Definition (13)2.2.4CN3interface circuit (14)2.2.5CN4encoder signal terminal (17)2.2.6CN2communication port terminal (18)CHAPTER III MANIFESTATION AND OPERATION (18)3.1N AME OF THE P ANEL P ARTS (18)3.2S TORAGE STATUS DISPLAY (20)3.3F AULT AND ALARM DISPLAY (20)4.1P ARAMETER D EFINITION (22)4.2P ARAMETER D ESCRIPTION (22)4.2.1Monitoring Parameter (22)4.2.2Basic parameter (23)4.2.3Internal position control parameter (27)4.2.4Internal speed control parameter (30)4.2.5Torque control parameter (31)4.2.6Tuning parameter (31)4.2.7Communication parameter (33)4.2.8Auxiliary parameters (34)4.2.9Input/output setting parameter (35)4.2.10Digital input(DI)function definition list (36)4.2.11Digital output(DO)function definition list (38)CHAPTER V OPERATION WITH POWER ON (40)5.1T RIAL R UN (40)5.1.1Inspection before the trial run (40)5.2P OSITION CONTROL MODE (41)5.2.1External position mode (41)5.2.2Internal multiple segment position function (43)5.3S PEED CONTROL MODE (45)5.3.1External speed mode (45)5.3.2Internal multi-speed function (46)5.4T ORQUE CONTROL MODE (47)5.5M IXED CONTROL MODE (48)5.5.1Speed/Position switch mode (49)5.5.2Torque/Speed switch mode (49)5.5.3Position/Torque switch mode (50)5.6O THER DEVICES (50)5.6.1Application of electromagnetic brake (50)6.1P OSITION LOOP GAIN TUNING (51)6.2S PEED LOOP GAIN TUNING (51)7.1F AULT WARNING LIST (53)7.2F AULT CAUSES AND THE PROCESSING MEASURES (54)8.1S COPE OF APPLICATION (57)8.2P ROTOCOL FORMAT (57)8.3T HE PROTOCOL FORMAT DESCRIPTION (59)Chapter I InstallationNotices●The storage and installation of the product shall meet the required environmental conditions,●Damaged products or products with incomplete parts shall not be installed.●Fire-proof materials shall be employed in the product installation.The product shall not be installed on or near the inflammables to avoid fire.●Servo drive unit shall be installed inside the electric cabinet to prevent the entry of dust,corrosive gas, conductive objects,liquid and inflammables.●Servo drive unit and servo motor shall avoid vibration and shall not bear any impact.●Do not drag the servo motor wiring and encoder line.1.1Installation of Servo Drive UnitNotices●Servo drive unit shall be installed inside the well-preserved electric cabinet.●Servo drive unit shall be installed as per the specified direction and interval,and good heat dissipation conditions shall be ensured.●Do not install the servo drive unit on or above the inflammables in case of fire.1.1.1Installation Environment(1)Operating temperature/humidity:0~55℃(no white dew),below90%RH(no condensation).(2)Storage temperature/humidity:-20~65℃(no white dew),below90%RH(no condensation).(3)Atmospheric environment:Inside the control cabinet with no corrosive or inflammable gas,oilmist and dust etc.(4)Elevation:below1000m.(5)Vibration:below0.5G（4.9m/s2），10~60Hz(discontinuous operation).(6)Protection:Servo drive is not self-protective.Therefore it shall be installed inside thewell-preserved electric cabinet to prevent the entry of corrosive or inflammable gas,conductiveobjects,metal dust,oil mist and liquid.1.1.2Installation Method(1)Installation direction:Servo drive provided by the company is of vertical structure,so please installvertically.The installation direction shall be perpendicular to the installation surface upward.(2)Installation interval:Dwg 1.1Installation intervals of single servo drive unit Dwg 1.2Installation invervals of more servo drive units1.1.3Installation Dimension of Servo Unit Dwg 1.3Installation dimension of servo unit1.2Installation of Servo motorWarningsDo notknock the shaft end of the motor,or the motor encoder may be damaged.1.2.1Installation Environment(1)Operating temperature/humidity:5~40℃(no white dew),below 90%RH(no condensation).>25>25>100>100>40>40>40>40>100>1002021621721674435×φ(2)Storage temperature/humidity:-20~55℃(no white dew),below80%RH(no condensation).(3)Atmospheric environment:Indoor(no exposure to sun)with no corrosive or inflammable gas,oil mist and dust etc.(4)Elevation:below1000m.(5)Vibration:below0.5G（4.9m/s2），10~60Hz(discontinuous operation).(6)Protection grade:IP541.2.2Installation Method(1)Installation direction:To prevent the entry of liquid,like water and oil,into the motor from its wire-end,please make the cable outlet installed downward.If the motor shaft is installed upward and attached with reducer,the oil stain in the reducer shall be prevented to permeate into the motor from the motor axis.(2)Concentric:When connected to the machine,please employ the coupling and keep the axis of servomotor and that of the machine in alignment.(3)Cable:Do not curve the cable or load tension to it,so when wiring(using)it,do not stretch the cable toomuch.ChapterⅡWiringWarnings●This series of drive is equipped with the three-phase220V power supply,therefore the power for the drive shall be checked when wiring.●Customers shall take safety protection into consideration during the layout and installation of the product in order to avoid accidents due to false operation.●The drive terminals U,V,W shall separately correspond to those of the motor U,V,W.●The drive and the motor shall be well-grounded.●The electricity shall be turned off at least5minutes before dismantling the drive.●Do not frequently trun on/off the power supply.Should the power supply have to be turned on/off repeatedly,please ensure that it is performed with an interval of more than1minute.●When using the internal brake resistance,the short-circuit wire shall be connected between the terminal C and DC+.Do not connect the wire strap directly between the terminal C and DC+.2.1The Main Circuit Wiring2.1.1The Name of the Main Circuit TerminalIdentifier Name ExplanationR、S、T The main circuit power inputterminal Connect the single-phase/three-phase AC power(based on the product model,select appropriate voltage specification,connect single-phase220V to only R and S)r、s Test power input terminal Turn on the power when testing.Need not turn on the power during normal use.DC+、D、C Retrogradation resistanceterminalWhen using the internal retrogradation resistance,connect the short-circuitwire between terminal C and DC+(connected before delivery);when usingthe external retrogradation resistance,disconnect the short-circuit wirebetween terminal C and DC+and connect brake resistance betweenterminal D and DC+.The external retrogradation resistance shall bepurchased separately.U、V、W Motor cable Connected to the motor.PE Protective earth terminal(twoplaces)Ground connection:Connected to the grounding terminal of the power andthat of the motor.2.1.2Application Method of Main Circuit Power Terminal(spring-loaded)(1)Wire size:single lineφ0.5～φ1.6mm.(2)Connection method:1.Dismantle the terminal from the servo drive before wiring,or the servo drive may be damaged.2.Strip the wire to expose8～9mm bare copper wire.3.Open the wiring insertion slot inside the terminal,insert the wiring into the terminal,then the terminal will close when loosening the control lever or the screwdriver.The method is shown below●Lever the slot with the matched control level for servo drive(shown in Fig.A).●Insert the straight screwdriver into the terminal opening(the end width3.0～3.5mm),then press firmly to open the slot(shown in Fig.B).图A Fig.A图B Fig.B2.1.3Main Circuit Wiring1、Single-phase power wiring滤波器：filter编码器线：encoder line2、Three-phase power wiring三相：Three-phase滤波器：Filter编码器线：Encoder lineNote:1.When using the internal brake resistance,connect the short-circuit wire between terminal C and DC+(connected before delivery);when using the external brake resistance,disconnect the short-circuit wirebetween terminal C and DC+and connect brake resistance between terminal D and DC+.2.Terminal r and s are testing terminals.Need not turn on the power when operating.2.2CN3Control Terminal Wiring2.2.1Standard Wiring of The Position Mode交流伺服驱动器：AC servo motor三相：Three-phase伺服电机：Servo motor伺服使能：Servo-on报警清除：Alarm clear位置偏差清除：Position deviation clear速度指令方向选择：Speed instruction direction selection内部命令1：Internal instruction1内部命令2：Internal instruction2内部命令3：Internal instruction3内部命令4：Internal instruction4内部指令触发：Internal instruction trigger控制模式切换：Control mode switch增量式编码器：Incremental encoder伺服准备好信号：Servo ready signal电磁刹车信号：Electromagnetic brake signal电机旋转输出信号：Motor rotation output signal零速信号：Zero speed signal速度接近输出信号：Speed approaching output signal 速度到达输出信号：Speed reaching output signal输出信号地：Output signal ground A相脉冲反馈：Phase A pulse feedback B相脉冲反馈：Phase B pulse feedbackZ相脉冲反馈：Phase Z pulse feedback脉冲信号+：Pulse signal+脉冲信号-：Pulse signal–方向信号+：Direction signal+方向信号-：Direction signal-模拟1输出：Analog1output模拟0输出：Analog0output脉冲信号为24V时，R=1-2K When pulse signal is at24V,R=1-2K脉冲信号为5V时，R=0When pulse signal is at5V,R=02.2.2Standard Wiring of The Speed/Torque Mode交流伺服驱动器：AC servo motor三相：Three-phase伺服电机：Servo motor伺服使能：Servo-on 报警清除：Alarm clear位置偏差清除：Position deviation clear速度指令方向选择：Speed instruction direction selection内部命令1：Internal instruction1内部命令2：Internal instruction211531441153144内部命令3：Internal instruction3内部命令4：Internal instruction 4内部指令触发：Internal instruction trigger 控制模式切换：Control mode switch增量式编码器：Incremental encoder 伺服准备好信号：Servo ready signal 电磁刹车信号：Electromagnetic brake signal电机旋转输出信号：Motor rotation output signal零速信号：Zero speed signal 速度接近输出信号：Speed appraching output signal 速度到达输出信号：Speed reaching output signal 输出信号地：Output signal groundA 相脉冲反馈：Phase A pulse feedbackB 相脉冲反馈：Phase B pulse feedback Z 相脉冲反馈：Phase Z pulse feedback 模拟量输入信号1：Analog quantity output signal 1模拟1输出：Analog 1output 模拟0输出：Analog 0output2.2.3CN3Terminal DefinitionWiring Terminal frontWiring Terminal backThe signal namePin no.The default functionFunctionDigital value inputportDI151Servo-onPlan the functions ofeach outputby Pr6unitDI2222Alarm reset signalDI363Position control impulse deviation counter clearDI4234Speed instruction direction selectionDI575Internal instructions CMD0DI6246Internal instructions CMD 1DI787Internal instructions CMD 2DI8258Internal instructions CMD 3DI999Internal instructionsLevel triggered DI102610control mode switch Digital value output portDO1271Servo ready Plan the functions of each output by Pr6unitDO2102Brake output signal DO3283Motor rotation output signal DO4114Zero speed signal DO5425Speed appraching DO6126Speed reachingPosition instructionPULSE4Input pulse instruction:differential drive/open collectorInput mode:pulse+direction/Phase A and B orthogonal pulse /PULSE 2SIGN 3/SIGN1Analog quantity input portAI116Analog quantity input signal,input range 0～10V AI217Analog quantity input signal,input range 0～10V AI3+18Analog quantity input signal,input range 0～10VThe signal name Pin no.The defaultfunctionFunctionAI3-19GNDA20、21Analog quantity input groundEncoder outputsignal PA+44Encoder phase A output signal(differential) PA-43PB+29Encoder phase B output signal(differential) PB-30PZ+15Encoder phase Z output signal(differential) PZ-14Power +24V13Internal24V power,for external use(with COM) COM31、322.2.4CN3interface circuit1、Digital Input CircuitThe series of servo drive provides ten routes of DI terminal altogether for customers.The function of each DI port can be planned.The schematic diagram is shown below.Control wiring diagram of external terminal PLC control wiring diagram 伺服驱动器Servo drive2、Digital Output CircuitThe series of servo drive provides six routes of DO terminal altogether for customers.The function of each DO port can be planned.The schematic diagram is shown below.（1）Wiring diagram when upper computer displays relay input:上位机为继电器输入伺服驱动器Servo drive上位机为继电器输入when upper computer displays relay input（2）Wiring diagram when upper computer displays optocoupler input:上位机为光耦输入伺服驱动器Servo drive上位机为光耦输入when upper computer displays optocupler input注：当外部电源为24V时，上拉电阻R=10K，当外部电源为5V时，上拉电阻R=2K。

阿拉斯加通行权手册说明书

3. Title and Plans3.1.Introduction3.2.Title Search Report3.3.Highway Right-of-Way Plans3.4.Airport Property Plans3.5.Parcel Plats3.6.Procedure for Plans Submittals3.7.Plan Changes3.8.Parcelization and Numbering3.9.Restricted Native Allotments3.1. IntroductionThis chapter covers procedures for titles and plans. DOT&PF must have accurate and current title information on each project to ensure accurate ROW plans and successful appraisals, negotiations, and relocations.The regional ROW Section develops the required project title information, beginning this work during the early stages of a proposed project. Based upon workload, available resources, and time limits for the project, the Regional ROW Chief must determine whether to use a ROW title specialist (ROW Agent) or a commercial title insurance company to secure necessary title information.Due to differences in the requirements of local platting authorities, many platting procedures and monumentation requirements are region-specific and may be documented in supplements separate from the ROW manual.3.2. Title Search ReportUnless otherwise specified, all instructions in this section refer to the ROW Agent designated to do this work or to the commercial title insurance company retained for a specific project.For all acquisitions of fee, permanent easements and long term lease interests (excluding temporary construction easements) review and reference all instruments of record (use a Title Search Report, Form 25A-R305), including plats and surveys, for each parcel. List them in chronological order by recording date.A title insurance policy should be obtained for all fee acquisitions. The Regional ROW Chief determines if title insurance is necessary and the amount on parcels. 3.2.1. Mandatory Standards for Title Search Prepare reports and maintain records in accordance with this section. The Title Unit may approve an exception on parcels with an estimated acquisition cost of $2,500 or less, where a search of the last owner of record may suffice unless there appears to be some irregularity in title. A search of the last owner of record may suffice if only a temporary construction easement is being acquired.Most title searches begin with the divestment of the land from the sovereign, by patent, treaty, or grant, etc. To assist in clearing the title and acquiring the parcel, title search files must contain all recorded instruments purporting to evidence the transfer of the fee simple title. Examples of such documents include the following:•security for debt;•direct deeds of conveyance;•deeds by trustees, referees, guardians, executors, administrators, or masters;•wills, decrees of descent, or orders determining heirs;•decrees, judgments, or court orders purporting to quiet, confirm, or establish title in fee simple;•mineral or other reservations or conveyances; and•easements, rights of way, and other rights or interests affecting the title, (liens, exceptions,reservations, covenants, conditions, restrictions,limitations, etc.).The ROW Engineering Section orders all title reports and updates. Maintain title reports, including all amendments, as part of the acquisition file.If a title report is older than 6 months or information becomes available of any changes in ownership or interests, the report should be updated.3.3. Highway Right-of-Way Plans Unless otherwise specified, all instructions in the remainder of this chapter refer to each person in the ROW Engineering Section with responsibility for a particular project.DOT&PF’s Design Section provides the project’s preliminary design plans to the regional ROW Engineering Section. The Title Unit provides a copy of the final title report.Based on the design plans, title research, and survey data, the Engineering Section prepares the ROW plans as specified in this section.The ROW plans must be accurate and contain sufficient engineering and survey information to locate the new and existing ROW limits and adjacent property boundaries on all properties along the project.Prepare the plans in accordance with local platting and subdivision requirements. Except as otherwise directed by the ROW Engineering Supervisor, include a title sheet, a standard legend sheet, a tract map, the property plan sheets, and a monument summary sheet. Include the project title, Federal aid, and the State project number as appropriate on each sheet3.3.1. Types of Title to be Acquired Determine whether to acquire ROW in fee simple or a permanent easement, if a temporary construction easement will not be sufficient. The title must be adequate for the construction, operation, and maintenance of the facility.DOT&PF’s policy is to acquire all ROW in fee simple title when feasible. DOT&PF will acquire temporary construction easement when property is needed only for the duration of the actual construction of the facility, but is not needed to protect the facility. DOT&PF may acquire permanent easements for several reasons, such as, if sight clearance is needed or when a fee taking would leave the owner with less than a legally conforming lot.If it is not feasible to obtain fee simple or a permanent easement, such as when a Federal agency owns the land, a long-term easement or lease is acceptable with funding agency concurrence.3.3.2. Title SheetOn the title sheet (Exhibit 3-1) show the project information, scale, a location sketch, and sufficient identifying information, as directed by the ROW Engineering Supervisor, so that the project may be easily located on a map. Include signature spaces in the lower right-hand corner, providing for the date and signature of the Regional ROW Chief. 3.3.3. SymbolsIdentify all symbols used, or shown them in the legend or on a standard legend sheet (Exhibit 3-2) attached to each set of ROW plans.3.3.4. Tract MapOn the tract map (Exhibit 3-3), show as much of the entire ownerships as possible, the road systems, and major cultural details in a broad band for the length of the project. Show the centerline, ROW lines of the highway, and the boundary lines to give a general picture of the entire project and its possible effect on the properties. In urban areas, this map may be unnecessary if the plans show entire ownerships or if the project is small and the title sheet can show entire ownerships.3.3.5. Right-of-Way Plan SheetsThe basic purpose of ROW plan sheets (Exhibits 3-4A and 3-4B) is to show as much information as possible for the Appraiser, Review Appraiser, ROW Agent, and property owner. An important function is to show the ROW lines in relation to the property lines and improvements and to provide a reference for the instrument of conveyance.Right-of-Way Plan Sheets ScaleUse the same scale on the ROW plan sheets as used on the design plans, if possible. This provides for ease in correlation and simplification of drafting. If there is too much detail on the plans to clearly demonstrate this, use a larger scale. To provide the required clarity, use the following scales, or another scale as directed by the ROW Engineering Supervisor:•on rural projects through large land ownerships: 1" = 100' or 1" = 200';•on suburban projects through small acreage tracts where required construction details are minimal:1" = 50' or 1" = 100'; or•on urban projects or projects where construction or topographic detail is such that a larger scale isnecessary for complete clarity: 1" = 50'.Draw each property plan sheet to scale and show a north arrow.Right-of-Way Plan Sheets General Information Draft all ROW plan sheets so that all parcels, easements, permits, etc., can be readily identified. The plan sheets contain the following details:•all existing property lines. All found corners must be tied to the project centerline. Add supplemental sheets showing detail as necessary;•all rectangular surveys including aliquot parts, U.S. Surveys, subdivisions (by name or platnumber), etc., that are used to identify ownership;•all pertinent data that may affect the cost of the ROW, such as structures (culverts, etc.), landservice or access roads, improvements (all ownerbuildings) and fences. Show centerline ties anddimensions of improvements and structures within local setback requirements of the new ROW line; •all existing ROW;•all existing utility facilities and all utilityeasements with the type and ownership labeled;•new ROW line and all pertinent distances and bearings. Show centerline offset distances to allbreaks in the ROW or, if constant width, the offset distance should be shown on each plan sheet. Alldistances should be surface distances instead ofState plane grid distances;•parcel information block located, in most cases, at the bottom of each sheet must show areas of each acquisition, existing rights of way, larger parcel,and remainders; show the type of each acquisition, and include recording information;•access control lines and points of approved access; and•easement lines.Forward the appropriate exhibits to the Acquisition and Negotiation Unit for inclusion in the appraisal assignments, and for the information of the Acquisition Agents.Right-of-Way Plan Sheets Project Control and Construction InformationThe ROW plans show the following:•each main centerline and stationing (show auxiliary centerlines of subordinate roadways ifpertinent to acquisition or deed description. Show the beginning and end of the project’s limits); •limits of construction or slope limits; and•drainage structures and other construction components that may affect valuation.Right-of-Way Plan Sheet CertificationThe supervising professional land surveyor must stamp and certify the ROW plan sheets.3.3.6. Monument Summary SheetsThe monument summary sheet (Exhibit 3-5) shows the following:•horizontal control statement;•recovered corners table;•project centerline monuments table;•work item table;•ROW surveyor and location surveyor seal; and•other notes as directed by the ROW Engineering Supervisor.3.3.7. Materials Source PlansShow all listed sources, maintenance, and stockpile sites with haul roads on a separate materials source sheet (pit sheet) prepared by the Design Section, rather than on the ROW plans.3.4. Airport Property PlansFAA Advisory Circular 150/5100-17 contains the approved process for airport land acquisition and plan development. See the latest Change Order (Change Order 7 is the most current as of the publication date of this manual). FAA has authorized replacing “Exhibit A” mentioned in the circular with the airport property plan (Exhibit 3-6).3.5. Parcel PlatsIf possible, parcel plats (Exhibit 3-7) must be printed on 8½” x 11” or 8½” x 14” paper. The plats must be neat, legible, accurately dimensioned, and exhibit enough contrast so that copies made by the recording office leave no question as to the location of the property being transferred. Make the parcel conspicuous (heavily outlined, shaded, stippled, etc.) so as not to obscure dimension figures. If necessary,use more than one page to show the entire ownership and details of the acquisition.The following information is shown on the plats:•location data to accurately locate property (lot, block, subdivision, survey or plat number, section or portion thereof, etc. If unsurveyed, tie property to the project centerline);•north arrow;•owner’s acknowledgment;•identification number for parcel, permit,easement, etc.;•project ROW lines, parcel lines, and access control lines, properly labeled. Show the entireownership and label the property lines;•major improvements on the parcel;•any existing ROW in proximity to the parcel properly labeled. Show existing ROW as hatched;•pertinent centerline and associated data,stationing, equations, curve data, dimensions, and bearings, properly labeled; and•project identification (name and numbers) and area acquired.3.6. Procedure for Plans Submittals 3.6.1. Submittal to Request Authority toProceed with Appraisal andAcquisition from FHWAOn Federally-funded projects, when the ROW plans reflect the findings of the plans-in-hand review team, DOT&PF considers them to be “final plans.” ROW will submit the final plans to FHWA.3.6.2. Plan RevisionsIf any changes are made in the ROW plans after receiving the ATP with appraisal and acquisition, show the changes on the original ROW plans. Also itemize the changes in a revision block on the original ROW plans, as shown on Exhibit 3-4. 3.6.3. RecordingCheck the ROW plans to ensure that the following are accomplished before recording the plans in the recording district:•affected monuments were protected through construction. Monuments to be set were set andverified to be correctly placed;•all appropriate certifications are on the plans; and•original ROW plans prepared according to a local government platting ordinance were sent to theappropriate local government officials (otherwise, the Regional ROW Chief sent them directly to the recorder’s office for filing).3.7. Plan Changes3.7.1. Design ChangesAs design plans are modified, change the parcel plat and the ROW plans; update the title information if needed; and advise the Regional ROW Chief, who must then advise the Appraisal and Acquisition Units of the changes.3.7.2. Changes Found During Appraisal orAcquisitionThe Regional ROW Chief must take appropriate action to correct omissions or changes noted during the appraisal or acquisition processes.3.7.3. Disposal of Excess LandThe Regional Property Management Unit designates parcels subject to disposal. The regional director approves them (and FAA when obligated to FAA by Federal grant agreement).When DOT&PF intends to dispose of, relinquish, or abandon excess ROW, the Engineering Section prepares a legal description or plat, revises the ROW plans, and determines the type of ownership. The conveyance document is prepared by the Property Management Unit. After the conveyance document is recorded, the Engineering Section must revise the ROW plans to reflect the disposal. See Sec. 9.10. 3.7.4. CondemnationsWhen a parcel is approved for condemnation, the Engineering Section prepares appropriate court exhibits. Place this material in the parcel file and provide it to the Acquisition Unit and the Department of Law.3.8. Parcelization and NumberingAll parcels on a ROW project are numbered in sequence as they appear on the ROW plans. The Engineering Section assigns the numbers (except for materials sources) when the ROW plans are developed. If a parcel is split or added, add an alphabet letter to the original assigned parcel number (for example, a split or addition to Parcel 1 would be designated 1A).3.8.1. Easement ParcelizationPrefix all easements by the letter “E” followed by the number assigned to the ROW parcel for that particular larger parcel, or the next consecutive number. The parcel identification block must designate the type of easement and its purpose. Show and identify existing easements on the ROW plan sheet (Exhibit 3-4 A&B).3.8.2. Temporary ConstructionPermit/Temporary ConstructionEasement ParcelizationPrefix all areas acquired for the duration of the project only (construction permits, waste areas, etc.) through the use of a temporary construction permit (TCP) or a temporary construction easement (TCE), by the letters “TCP” or “TCE” followed by the number assigned to the ROW parcel for that particular larger parcel.3.8.3. Numbering of Areas Not Part of aRight-of-Way ParcelFor all easements or permit areas not associated with a parcel, assign a number in numerical sequence with the parcel numbers. When no numbers are available for the easements or permits, use the closest parcel number followed by a letter designation.3.8.4. Numbering Material Sources Number a material source in accordance with the number assigned by the Materials Section, preceded by “MS”.On Federal-aid primary routes, the “MS” number must contain three dashes to separate the route number, the route section number, the location, and the region number (MS 21-1-243-1, MS 37-1-004-2, etc.).On secondary routes, the “MS” number must contain two dashes to separate the route number, the location number, and the region number (MS 680-009-2,MS 937-101-3, etc.). 3.8.5. Numbering Maintenance and StockpileSitesDesignate all maintenance and stockpile sites by name rather than by number.3.8.6. Numbering Excess Parcels,Relinquishments, Vacations Number ROW excess parcels, relinquishments, and vacations in accordance with the property management numbering system (See Sec. 9.10).3.9. Restricted Native Allotments When surveying and platting restricted Native allotments, be aware that Alaska Native lands have unique requirements.Under no circumstance should entry be made upon restricted Native allotments without written permission from the landowner and the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA).Many important records are found only at the Bureau of Indian Affairs offices. Special procedures have often been used for surveys on Native lands. Surveyors working with Native lands must be aware of cultural, jurisdictional, and permitting considerations. It is essential, that prior to the surveying or platting of restricted Native lands, the Regional BLM Indian Lands Surveyor (BILS) be contacted in order to determine the most current procedures necessary to accomplish the desired action.Title SheetStandard Legend SheetTract MapROW Plan SheetROW Plan SheetMonument Summary SheetExhibit 3-6Airport Property Plan ExamplePage 1 of 2Exhibit 3-6Airport Property Plan ExamplePage 2 of 2Exhibit 3-7 Parcel Plat ExamplesPage 1 of 3Exhibit 3-7 Parcel Plat ExamplesPage 2 of 3Exhibit 3-7 Parcel Plat ExamplesPage 3 of 3。

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n n n y y n y y y n y y y y − − − − − − − − −
n n n y y n y y y n y y y y − − − − − − − − −
n n n y
n n n y y y n n y y y y y y n y y y y− − − − − − − − −
Figure A.1.1: FLUENT Model Compatibility Chart
A-2
c Fluent Inc. September 29, 2006
Mu lti Eu phas eM ler i od VO an els F Mi xtu re Di scr e Mo te Ph vin ase Sli g Do din ma Mi g Me in M sh xin od els Dy g Pla ne nam M u ic M ltip esh Sin le R efe gle r Tu Refe ence Fra ren rb Sp ulenc ce Fr me ala am eM r k− t−All odel e eps ma s i ras k− lon om Re ega yn o LE lds S S tre ss Co mb ust La ion mi n M Ed ar Fin ode ls dy ite Ra Ed Dissi te dy pat No Dissi ion pat n− P i Pre remi on C xed onc mi x ept Pa rtia ed lly Co mp Prem ix o NO sition ed x PD FT So ran ot spo rt
n n n y y n y y y n y y y y − − − − − − − − −
n n n y y n y y y n y y y y − − − − − − − − −
n n n y y n y y y n y y y y − − − − − − − − −
* Includes Standard, RNG, and Realizable k−epsilon models ** Includes Standard and SST k−omega models
Appendix A.
FLUENT Model Compatibility
A.1 FLUENT Model Compatibility Chart
The following chart summarizes the compatibility of several FLUENT model categories: • Multiphase Models (see Chapter 23: Modeling Multiphase Flows) • Moving Domain Models (See Chapter 10: Modeling Flows with Rotating Reference Frames) • Turbulence Models (See Chapter 12: Modeling Turbulence) • Combustion Models (See Chapters 14 – 19) Note that a y indicates that two models are compatible with each other, while an n indicates that two models are not compatible with each other.
c Fluent Inc. September 29, 2006
A-1
FLUENT Model Compatibility
Multiphase Models Eulerian VOF Mixture Discrete Phase Moving Domain Models Sliding Mesh Mixing Plane Dynamic Mesh Multiple Reference Frame Single Reference Frame Turbulence Models Spalart−Allmaras k−epsilon k−omega Reynolds Stress LES Combustion Models Laminar Finite Rate Eddy Dissipation Eddy Dissipation Concept Non−Premixed Premixed Partially Premixed Composition PDF Transport NOx Soot − − − − y y y y − − − − − y y y y y y y n n n n n n n y y y y y y y y y y y n n n n n n n y y n n n n n n n y y y y y y y y y y y y y y n n n n n n n n n y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − y y y y y − − − − − y n n n n n n n n y y y y y − − − − − y y y y y y y y y y y y n y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y y n y n y n y y y y y y y y y n y y y y n y y y y y y y y y y y n y y y − − − − − − − − n y y y y y y y − − − − n y y y y y y y y − − − − − y y y y y y y y y Key: n = not compatible y = compatible
y y y y y y y y y − − − − − y y y y y y y y y
n y n n y y y y y − − − − − y y y y y y y y y
y y y y y n y y y y y y y y − − − − − − − − −
y y y y y n y y y n y y y y − − − − − − − − −