2011GCT英语真题

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2011年全国硕士研究生英语一及其答案

2011年全国硕士研究生考试英语一及其答案The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hir e Alan Gilbert as its next music director has bee n the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” w rote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment ca me as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert i s comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, w ho had advocated Gilbert’s appointment in the Ti mes, calls him “an unpretentious musician with n o air of the formidable conductor about him.” As a description of the next music director of an or chestra that has hitherto been led by musicians l ike Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times reader s as faint praise.For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of intere sting compositions, but it is not necessary for m e to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my comp uter and download still more recorded music fro m iTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordin gs are no substitute for live performance are mis sing the point. For the time, attention, and mone y of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalis ts must compete not only with opera houses, da nce troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the g reat classical musicians of the 20th century. Ther e recordings are cheap, available everywhere, an d very often much higher in artistic quality than today’s live performances; moreover, they c an b e “consumed” at a time and place of the listene r’s choosing. The widespread availability of suchrecordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.One possible response is for classical perform ers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilbert’s own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a ma n who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly different, more vibrant organizatio n.” But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestra’s repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic a re to succeed, they must first change the relatio nship between America’s oldest orchestra and th e new audience it hops to attract.21. We learn from Para.1 that Gilbert’s appoi ntment has[A]incurred criticism.[B]raised suspicion.[C]received acclaim.[D]aroused curiosity.22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist w ho is[A]influential.[B]modest.[C]respectable.[D]talented.23. The author believes that the devoted con certgoers[A]ignore the expenses of live performances.[B]reject most kinds of recorded performance s.[C]exaggerate the variety of live performance s.[D]overestimate the value of live performanc es.24. According to the text, which of the follow ing is true of recordings?[A]They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.[B]They are easily accessible to the general public.[C]They help improve the quality of music.[D]They have only covered masterpieces.25. Regarding Gilbert’s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feels[A]doubtful.[B]enthusiastic.[C]confident.[D]puzzled.Text 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.” Broadcasting his ambitio n was “very much my decision,” McGee says. Wi thin two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Gr oup, which named him CEO and chairman on Se ptember 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of com pany he wanted to run. It also sent a clear mes sage to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isn’t alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who don’t get the nod also may wish to move o n. A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronoun cements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take h old, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CE O turnover was down 23% from a year ago as n ervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, a ccording to Liberum Research. As the economy p icks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring lea ders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years ex ecutives and headhunters have adhered to the r ule that the most attractive CEO candidates are t he ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey:”I can’t think of a si ngle search I’ve done where a board has not ins tructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.”Those who jumped without a job haven’t alw ays landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age, sayingshe wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before s he became head of a tiny Internet-based commo dities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally t ook that post at a major financial institution thre e years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has mad e it more acceptable to be between jobs or to le ave a bad one. “The traditional rule was it’s safe r to stay where you are, but that’s been fundam entally invert ed,” says one headhunter. “The peo ple who’ve been hurt the worst are those who’ve stayed too long.”26. When McGee announced his departure, hi s manner can best be described as being[A]arrogant.[B]frank.[C]self-centered.[D]impulsive.27. According to Paragraph 2, senior executiv es’ quitting may be spurred by[A]their expectation of better financial status.[B]their need to reflect on their private life.[C]their strained relations with the boards.[D]their pursuit of new career goals.28. The word “poached” (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means[A]approved of.[B]attended to.[C]hunted for.[D]guarded against.29. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A]top performers used to cling to their post s.[B]loyalty of top performers is getting out-da ted.[C]top performers care more about reputatio ns.[D]it’s safer to stick to the traditional rules.30. Which of the following is the best title fo r the text?[A]CEOs: Where to Go?[B]CEOs: All the Way Up?[C]Top Managers Jump without a Net[D]The Only Way Out for Top PerformersText 3The rough guide to marketing success used t o be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional “paid” media –such as television commercials and print advertisements –still pl ay a major role, companies today can exploit ma ny alternative forms of media. Consumers passio nate about a product may create “owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sal es to customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlled by mar keters promoting their own products. For earned media , such marketers act as the initiator for users’ responses. But in some cases, one market er’s owned media become another marketer’s pai d media –for instance, when an e-commerce ret ailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define s uch sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their con tent or e-commerce engines within that environ ment. This trend ,which we believe is still in its i nfancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson, for example, has created BabyCenter, a stand-alone medi a property that promotes complementary and ev en competitive products. Besides generating inco me, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective, gives companies opportunitie s to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies’ marketing, and may help ex pand user traffic for all companies concerned.The same dramatic technological changes tha t have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increa sed the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and muc h more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or camp aign becomes hostage to consumers, other stake holders, or activists who make negative allegatio ns about a brand or product. Members of social networks, for instance, are learning that they ca n hijack media to apply pressure on the business es that originally created them.If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putt ing the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a case, the company’s response may no t be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the lear ning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor, for ex ample, alleviated some of the damage from its r ecall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quic k and well-orchestrated social-media response ca mpaign, which included efforts to engage with co nsumers directly on sites such as Twitter and th e social-news site Digg.31.Consumers may create “earned” media wh en they are[A] obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sites.[B] inspired by product-promoting e-mails se nt to them.[C] eager to help their friends promote qualit y products.[D] enthusiastic about recommending their fa vorite products.32. According to Paragraph 2,sold media feat ure[A] a safe business environment.[B] random competition.[C] strong user traffic.[D] flexibility in organization.33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media[A] invite constant conflicts with passionate c onsumers.[B] can be used to produce negative effects i n marketing.[C] may be responsible for fiercer competitio n.[D] deserve all the negative comments about them.34. Toyota Motor’s experience is cited as an example of[A] responding effectively to hijacked media.[B] persuading customers into boycotting pro ducts.[C] cooperating with supportive consumers.[D] taking advantage of hijacked media.35. Which of the following is the text mainly about ?[A] Alternatives to conventional paid media.[B] Conflict between hijacked and earned me dia.[C] Dominance of hijacked media.[D] Popularity of owned mediaText 4It’s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightf ul, provo cative magazine cover story, “I love MyChildren, I Hate My Life,” is arousing much chat ter –nothing gets people talking like the sugges tion that child rearing is anything less than a co mpletely fulfilling, life-enriching experience. Rathe r than concluding that children make parents eit her happy or miserable, Senior suggests we nee d to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment -to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-cru shingly hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.”The magazine cover showing an attractive m other holding a cute baby is hardly the only Mad onna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive –an d newly single –mom Sandra Bullock, as well as the usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant” news. P ractically every week features at least one celebrity mom, or mom-to-be, smiling on the newsstan ds.In a society that so persistently celebrates pr ocreation, is it any wonder that admitting you re gret having children is equivalent to admitting yo u support kitten-killing ? It doesn’t seem quite fa ir, then, to compare the regrets of parents to th e regrets of the children. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothere d with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously thei r misery must be a direct result of the gaping b aby-size holes in their lives.Of course, the image of parenthood that cele brity magazines like Us Weekly and People prese nt is hugely unrealistic, especially when the pare nts are single mothers like Bullock. According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples, single parents are t he least happy of all. No shock there, considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a p artner to lean on; yet to hear Sandra and Britne y tell it, raising a kid on their “own” (read: with round-the-clock help) is a piece of cake.It’s hard to imagine that many people are du mb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous: most a dults understand that a baby is not a haircut. Bu t it’s interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing p arenthood aren’t in some small, subconscious wa y contributing to our own dissatisfactions with th e actual experience, in the same way that a sma ll part of us hoped getting “ the Rachel” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Anisto n.36.Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring[A]temporary delight[B]enjoyment in progress[C]happiness in retrospect[D]lasting reward37.We learn from Paragraph 2 that[A]celebrity moms are a permanent source fo r gossip.[B]single mothers with babies deserve greate r attention.[C]news about pregnant celebrities is entertai ning.[D]having children is highly valued by the pu blic.38.It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childle ss folks[A]are constantly exposed to criticism.[B]are largely ignored by the media.[C]fail to fulfill their social responsibilities.[D]are less likely to be satisfied with their lif e.39.According to Paragraph 4, the message co nveyed by celebrity magazines is[A]soothing.[B]ambiguous.[C]compensatory.[D]misleading.40.Which of the following can be inferred fro m the last paragraph?[A]Having children contributes little to the gl amour of celebrity moms.[B]Celebrity moms have influenced our attitu de towards child rearing.[C]Having children intensifies our dissatisfacti on with life.[D]We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing.Part BDirections:The following paragraph are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent tex t by choosing from the list A-G to filling them in to the numbered boxes. Paragraphs E and G hav e been correctly placed. Mark your answers on A NSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)[A] No disciplines have seized on professional ism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities. You can, Mr Menand points out, became a lawy er in three years and a medical doctor in four. B ut the regular time it takes to get a doctoral deg ree in the humanities is nine years. Not surprisin gly, up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees.[B] His concern is mainly with the humanitie s: Literature, languages, philosophy and so on. T hese are disciplines that are going out of style:22% of American college graduates now major in business compared with only 2% in history and 4% in English. However, many leading American universities want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should posses. But most find it difficult to agree on what a “general education” should look like. At Harvard, Mr Menand notes, “the great books are read because they have be en read”-they form a sort of social glue.[C] Equally unsurprisingly, only about half en d up with professorships for which they entered graduate school. There are simply too few posts. This is partly because universities continue to pr oduce ever more PhDs. But fewer students want to study humanities subjects: English department s awarded more bachelor’s de grees in 1970-71 t han they did 20 years later. Fewer students requ ires fewer teachers. So, at the end of a decade of theses-writing, many humanities students leav e the profession to do something for which they have not been trained.[D] One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they can cut across t he insistence by top American universities that li beral-arts educations and professional education should be kept separate, taught in different scho ols. Many students experience both varieties. Alt hough more than half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law, medicine or business, future doc tors and lawyers must study a non-specialist libe ral-arts degree before embarking on a profession al qualification.[E] Besides professionalizing the professions by this separation, top American universities hav e professionalised the professor. The growth in p ublic money for academic research has speeded the process: federal research grants rose fourfold between 1960and 1990, but faculty teaching ho urs fell by half as research took its toll. Professio nalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral d egree into a prerequisite for a successful academ ic career: as late as 1969a third of American pro fessors did not possess one. But the key idea behind professionalisation, argues Mr Menand, is th at “the knowledge and skills needed for a particu lar specialization are transmissible but not transf erable.”So disciplines acquire a monopoly not jus t over the production of knowledge, but also ove r the production of the producers of knowledge.[F] The key to reforming higher education, c oncludes Mr Menand, is to alter the way in whic h “the producers of knowledge are produced.”Oth erwise, academics will continue to think dangero usly alike, increasingly detached from the societi es which they study, investigate and criticize.”Ac ademic inquiry, at least in some fields, may nee d to become less exclusionary and more holisti c.”Yet quite how that happens, Mr Menand dose not say.[G] The subtle and intelligent little book The Marketplace of Ideas: Reform and Resistance in t he American University should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctoral d egree. They may then decide to go elsewhere. For something curious has been happening in Am erican Universities, and Louis Menand, a professo r of English at Harvard University, captured it ski llfully.G →41. →42. → E →43. →44. →45.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then tra nslate the underlined segments into Chinese. You r translation should be written carefully on ANSW ER SHEET 2. (10 points)With its theme that “Mind is the master wea ver,” creating our inner character and outer circu mstances, the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen is an in-depth exploration of the central id ea of self-help writing.(46) Allen’s contribution was to take an assu mption we all share-that because we are not rob ots we therefore control our thoughts-and revealits erroneous nature. Because most of us believ e that mind is separate from matter, we think th at thoughts can be hidden and made powerless; this allows us to think one way and act another. However, Allen believed that the unconscious mi nd generates as much action as the conscious m ind, and (47) while we may be able to sustain t he illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that? ”Since desire and will are damaged by the pr esence of thoughts that do not accord with desir e, Allen concluded : “ We do not attract what w e want, but what we are.” Achievement happens because you as a person embody the external a chievement; you don’t “ get” success but becom e it. There is no gap between mind and matter.\Part of the fame of Allen’s book is its co nte ntion that “Circumstances do not make a person, they reveal him.” (48) This seems a justificationfor neglect of those in need, and a rationalizatio n of exploitation, of the superiority of those at t he top and the inferiority of those at the botto m.This ,however, would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle argument. Each set of circumstances, however bad, offers a unique opportunity for gr owth. If circumstances always determined the lif e and prospects of people, then humanity would never have progressed. In fat, (49)circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged” the n we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation .Nevertheless, as any biographer knows, a person’s early li fe and its co nditions are often the greatest gift to an individu al.The sobering aspect of Allen’s book is that w e have no one else to blame for our present con dition except ourselves. (50) The upside is the p ossibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.Section ⅢWritingPart A51. Directions:Write a letter to a friend of yours to1) recommend one of your favorite movies a nd2) give reasons for your recommendationYour should write about 100 words on ANSW ER SHEET 2Do not sign your own name at the end of th e leter. User “LI MING” instead.Do not writer the address.(10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160---200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you shoul d1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain it’s intended meaning, and3) give your comments.Your should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2011年考研英语答案1-5 ACDBA 6-10 CADCB 11-15 BCACA 16-20 BCADB21-25 DBCAA 26-30 CCBDB 31-35 CCBDB 36-40 CBCCC41-45 BDCAE翻译：46、艾伦的贡献在于提供了我们能分担和揭示错误性质的假设--因为我们不是机器人，因此我们能够控制我们的理想。

2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题(广东卷,含答案)

绝密★启用前试卷类型：A2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试〔广东卷〕英语Ⅰ. 语言知识与应用(共两节。

总分为35分)第一节完形填空(共15小题；每一小题2分，总分为30分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1~15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最优选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

It has been argued by some that gifted children should be grouped in special classes, The 1 has been on the belief that in regular classes these children are held back in their intellectual (智力的) growth by 2 situation that has designed for the 3 children.There can be little doubt that 4 classes can help the gifted children to graduate earlier and take their place in life sooner. However, to take these 5 out of the regular classes may create serious problems.I observed a number of 6 children who were taken out of a special class and placed in a 7 class. In the special class, they showed little ability to use their own judgment, relying 8 on their teachers’ directions. In the regular class, having no worry about ke 〔:// unjs 〕eping up, they began to reflect 9 on many problems, some of which were not on the school program.Many are concerned that gifted children become 10 and lose interest in learning. However this 11 is more often from parents and teachers than from students, and some of these 12 simply conclude that special classes should be set up for those who are 13 . Some top students do feel bored in class, but why they 14 so goes far beyond the work they have in school. Studies have shown that to be bored is to be anxious. The gifted child whop is bored is an 15 child.1. A. principle B. theory C. arguments D. classification2. A. designing B. grouping C. learning D. living3. A. smart B. curious C. mature D. average4. A. regular B. special C. small D. creative5. A. children B. programs C. graduates D. designs6. A. intelligent B. competent C. ordinary D. independent7. A. separate B. regular C. new D. boring8. A. specially B. slightly C. wrongly D. heavily9. A, directly B. cleverly C. voluntarily D. quickly10. A. doubted B. bored C. worried D. tired11. A. concern B. conclusion C. reflection D. interest12. A. students B. adults C. scholars D. teachers13. A. talented B. worried C. learned D. interested14. A. believe B. think C. say D. feel15. A. outstanding B. intelligent C. anxious D. ordinary第二节语法填空(共10小题；每一小题1.5分，总分为15分)阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为16～25的相应位置上。

2011考研英语二真题及答案解析

The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive,for example,were smaller-two-bedroom units under1,000square feet-than those in their older neighbors along the city’s Gold Coast. But they were popular because of their airy glass walls,the views they afforded and the elegance of the buildings’details and proportions,the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time.The trend toward“less”was not entirely foreign.In the1930s Frank Lloyd Wright started building more modest and efficient houses-usually around1,200square feet-than the spreading two-story ones he had designed in the1890s and the early20th century.The“Case Study Houses”commissioned from talented modern architects by California Arts&Architecture magazine between1945and1962were yet another homegrown influence on the“less is more”trend.Aesthetic effect came from the landscape,new materials and forthright detailing.In his Case Study House,Ralph everyday life-few American families acquired helicopters,though most eventually got clothes dryers-but his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared.31.The postwar American housing style largely reflected the Americans’.[A]prosperity and growth[B]efficiency and practicality[C]restraint and confidence[D]pride and faithfulness32.Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph3about Bauhaus?[A]It was founded by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.[B]Its designing concept was affected by World War II.[C]Most American architects used to be associated with it.[D]It had a great influence upon American architecture.33.Mies held that elegance of architectural design.[A]was related to large space[B]was identified with emptiness[C]was not reliant on abundant decoration[D]was not associated with efficiency34.What is true about the apartments Mies building Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive?[A]They ignored details and proportions.[B]They were built with materials popular at that time.[C]They were more spacious than neighboring buildings.[D]They shared some characteristics of abstract art.35.What can we learn about the design of the“Case Study House”?[A]Mechanical devices were widely used.[B]Natural scenes were taken into consideration[C]Details were sacrificed for the overall effect.[D]Eco-friendly materials were employed.Text4Will the European Union make it?The question would have sounded strange not long ago.Now even the project’s greatest cheerleader’s talk of a continent facing a“Bermuda triangle”of debt,population decline and lower growth.As well as those chronic problems,the EU faces an acute crisis in its economic core,the16countries that use the single currency.Markets have lost faith that the euro zone’s economies,weaker or stronger,will one day[C]conceited[D]hopefulPart BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about what parents are supposed to do to guide their children into adulthood.Choose a heading from the list A-G that best fits the meaning of each numbered part of the text（41-45）.There are two extra headings that you do not need to use.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.（10points）Leading doctors today weigh in on the debate over the government's role in promoting public health by demanding that ministers impose"fat taxes"on unhealthy food and introduce cigarette-style warnings to children about the dangers of a poor diet.The demands follow comments last week by the health secretary,Andrew Lansley,who insisted the government could not force people to make healthy choices and promised to free businesses from public health regulations.But senior medical figures want to stop fast-food outlets opening near schools,restrict advertising of products high in fat,salt or sugar,and limit sponsorship of sports events by fast-food producers such as McDonald's.They argue that government action is necessary to curb Britain's addiction to unhealthy food and help halt spiraling rates of obesity,diabetes and heart disease.Professor Terence Stephenson,president of the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health,said that the consumption of unhealthy food should be seen to be just as damaging as smoking or binge drinking."Thirty years ago,it would have been inconceivable to have imagined a ban on smoking in the workplace or in pubs,and yet that is what we have now.Are we willing to be just as courageous in respect of obesity?I would suggest that we should be,"said the leader of the UK's children's doctors.Lansley has alarmed health campaigners by suggesting he wants industry rather than government to take the lead.He said that manufacturers of crisps and confectionery could play a central role in the Change4Life campaign,the centrepiece of government efforts to boost healthy eating and fitness.He has also criticised the celebrity chef Jamie Oliver's high-profile attempt to improve school lunches in England as an example of how "lecturing"people was not the best way to change their behaviour.Stephenson suggested potential restrictions could include banning TV advertisements for foods high in fat, salt or sugar before the9pm watershed and limiting them on billboards or in cinemas."If we were really bold,we might even begin to think of high-calorie fast food in the same way as cigarettes–by setting stringent limits on advertising,product placement and sponsorship of sports events,"he said.Such a move could affect firms such as McDonald's,which sponsors the youth coaching scheme run by the Football Association.Fast-food chains should also stop offering"inducements"such as toys,cute animals and mobile phone credit to lure young customers,Stephenson said.Professor Dinesh Bhugra,president of the Royal College of Psychiatrists,said:"If children are taught about the impact that food has on their growth,and that some things can harm,at least information is available up front."He also urged councils to impose"fast-food-free zones"around schools and hospitals–areas within which takeaways cannot open.A Department of Health spokesperson said:"We need to create a new vision for public health where all of society works together to get healthy and live longer.This includes creating a new'responsibility deal'with business,built on social responsibility,not state ter this year,we will publish a white paper setting out exactly how we will achieve this."Part ADirection:Suppose your cousin,Liming,has just been admitted to a university,write him/her a letter to1)congratulate him/her,and2)give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university life.Your should write about100words on ANSER SHEET2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the e“Zhang Wei”instead.Do not write the address.(10points)Part BDirections:Write a short essay based on the following chart.In your writing,you should1)interpret the chart and2)give your comments.You should write at least150words.Write your essay on ANWER SHEET2.(15points)2011年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语(二)答案详解SectionⅠUse of English文章分析本篇文章是一篇说明文，阐述了现代网络安全问题以及对美国网络安全总管Howard Schmidt先生对网络安全问题提出的新的解决方案。

2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题(精校版含答案)

2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节单选填空（共15 小题，每小题1分，满分15分）从A、Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄ、四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。

21.---We could invite John and Barbara to the Friday night party.---Yes, ?I’ll give them a call right now.A. why notB. What forC. whyD. what22. Try she might, Sue couldn’t get the door open.A. ifB. whenC. sinceD. as23.Planing so far ahead no sense-so many thing will have changed by next year.A.madeB.is makingC.makesD.has made24.I wasn’t sure if he was really interested or if he polite.A.was just beingB.will just beC.had just beenD.would just be25.-Someone wants you on the phone. - nobody knows I am here.A.AlthoughB.AndC.ButD.So26．I can the house being untidy, but Ihate it if it’s not clean.A. come up withB.put up withC. turn toD.stick to27．The next thing he saw was smoke from behind the house.A.roseB.risingC. to riseD.risen28．Only when he reached the tea-house it was the same place he’d been in last year.A. he realizedB.he did realizeC.realized heD.did he realize29．When Alice came to, she did not know how long she there.A.had been lyingB.has been lyingC.was lyingD.has lain30．The form cannot be signed by anyone yourself.A.rather thanB.other thanC.more thanD.better than31．The prize will go to the writer story shows the most imagination.A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.what32．They have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.A.willB.canC.mustD.should33．It is generally accepted that boy must learn to stand up and fight like man.A.a;aB.a;theC.the;theD.a;不填34．William found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to .A.disappearB.fallC.failD.damage35．—Artistic people can be very difficult sometimes.—Well, you married one. .A.You name itB.I’ve got itC.I can’t agree moreD.You should know第二节完形填空（共20小题：每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试题(课标卷)(解析版)

2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标卷）英语第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节单选填空（共15 小题，每小题1分，满分15分）从A、Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄ、四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。

例：It is generally considered unwise to give a child be or she wants.A .howeverB .whatever C.whichever D.whenever21.---We could invite John and Barbara to the Friday night party.---Yes, ?I’ll give them a call right now.A. why notB. What forC. whyD. what。

22. Try she might, Sue couldn’t get the door open.A. ifB. whenC. sinceD. as23.Planing so far ahead no sense-so many thing will have changed by next year.A.madeB.is makingC.makesD.has made24.I wasn’t sure if he was really interested or if he polite.A.was just beingB.will just beC.had just beenD.would just be25.-Someone wants you on the phone.- nobody knows I am here.A.AlthoughB.AndC.ButD.So26．I can the house being untidy, but I hate it if it’s not clean.A. come up withB.put up withC. turn toD.stick to27．The next thing he saw was smoke from behind the house.A.roseB.risingC. to riseD.risen28．Only when he reached the tea-house it was the same place he’d been in last year.A. he realizedB.he did realizeC.realized heD.did he realize29．When Alice came to, she did not know how long she there.A.had been lyingB.has been lyingC.was lyingD.has lain30．The form cannot be signed by anyone yourself.A.rather thanB.other thanC.more thanD.better than31．The prize will go to the writer story shows the most imagination. A.that B.which C.whose D.what32．They have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.A.willB.canC.mustD.should33．It is generally accepted that boy must learn to stand up and fight like man.A.a;aB.a;theC.the;theD.a;不填34．William found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to .A.disappearB.fallC.failD.damage35．—Artistic people can be very difficult sometimes.—Well, you married one. .A.You name itB.I’ve got itC.I can’t agree moreD.You should know第二节完形填空（共20小题：每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

2011GCT英语试题

2011GCT英语试题及答案PART I STRUCTURE AND VOCABULARY (20%)1. Smith is to study medicine as soon as he ____ military service.A. will finishB. has finishedC. finishD. would finish2. He was laid _____ for six weeks with we broken ribs.A. inB. outC. upD. down3. He _______ to be affected by many things.A. forcedB. permittedC. advisedD. tended4."Did you remember to giver Anne the money you own her."Yes, ______ I saw her, I remembered."A. momentarilyB. whileC. suddenlyD. the instant4. _______ the formation of the sun, the planets and other starsbegan with the consideration of an interstellar cloud.A. It accepted thatB. Accepted thatC. It is accepted thatD. That is accepted6. He is a man __ no one has a better right to speak.A. whomB. to whomC. than whoD. than whom7.______ would have known the answer.A. Clever anyoneB. Anyone cleverC. Anyone is cleverD. Clever is anyone8. Why are you still smoking? You _______.A. should have given up itB. should have given it upC. ought to have given up itD. should given it up9. No visitor or relative can enter the patient's room unless_____ by the doctor.A. they are invitedB. he is invitedC. invitedD. been invited10. The sick _______and the lost _____.A. have cured; have foundB. has cured; has foundC. have been cured; have been foundD.has been cured; has been found11. Human behavior is mostly a product of learning, ______thebehavior of animal depends mainly on instinct.A. whereasB. soC. unlessD. that12. Mumps ____ a very common disease which usually affects children.A. wasB. isC. areD.were13. The _____largest state is, and has been since Alaska'sadmission into the Union, Califoria.A. threeB. thirdC. first thirdD. most14. ________ the surface of metal, but also weakens it.A. Not only does rust corrodeB. Not only rust corrodeC. Rust, which not only corrodesD. Rust not only corrodes15. It's nice to go for a walk __ a summer evening.A. onB. inC. atD. during16. "Are these two issues settled?""No, they still were _____ conflict."A. duringB. onC. withD. in17. "Did the medicine make you feel better?""No, ______ the worse I feel."A. taking more medicineB. the most medicine I takeC. the more medicine I takeD. when I take more medicine18. His health is _________.A. as poor, if not poorer than, his sisterB. poor as his sisters if not poorerC. as poor as, if not poorer than, his sister'sD. as poor, if not poorer than his sister's19. Susanne had worked for three years to be a computer analyst but found her progress ________.A. discouraging and unsatisfiedB. discourageable and dissatisfactionC. discouraging an dissatisfactionD. unsatisfactory and discouraging20. That definition leaves _____ for disagreement.A. much roomB. a small roomC. great deal roomD. not so big a roomPART II READING COMPREHENSION (50%)（考生注意：答案须写在答题纸与机读答题卡上，写在本试题上一律不给分）PASSAGE 1 JAMAICA There's no place like home Here are you , at home in Jamaica in your very own villa, all pastels and privacy. With Evangeline to spoil you: she's going shopping soon, to surprise you with a lobster for dinner. Madly extravagant? Not at all. There are hundreds of villas for rent, all over Jamaica. Bring your family, or share one with your best friends and the cost becomes inc_ reasingly attractive. A d what nicer way to experience the bountiful wonders of Jamaica than to have your own special place to return to e_ ach evening where you can sit back with a ruin punch, talk about tomo_ rrow, and to yourself, "There's no place like home." Make it Jamaica. Again.21. "Villa" in this advertisement refers to a ________.A. boarding houseB. mud hutC. log cabinD. small house22. "Madly extravagant" in this advertisement means _______.A. very cheapB. fairly cheapC. very expensiveD. fairly expensive23. The advertisement implies that you _______.A. enjoy sightseeing in foreign placesB. don't have to spend a lot of moneyC. may require entertainment by well-known singers.D. need a lot of excitement on your vacation.24. The advertisement appeals to the reader's need for ______.A. quiet pleasureB. delicious foodC. relaxationD. all of the above25. "Bountiful" means _________.A. abundantB. fertileC. greatD. prosperousPASSAGE 2BL has dismissed fight works firemen alleged to have been asleep at its Land-Rover works at Solihull when two works inspectors p_ aid an unexpected visit to the duty fireroom shortly before dawn on Monday. All firemen on the night shift, including theofficer in charge, are said to have been sleeping in chairs or stretched out on the floor. This is the second time in recent years that a group of BL empl_ oyees at Solihull has been dismissed for sleeping on duty. Two and a half years ago 13 night shift workers there were found a_ sleep. They had brought sleeping bags, blankets, and built makeshift b_ unks. But it is understood that no such preparations had been m_ ade by the firemen. The eight were brought before a disciplinary hearing on Tuesday and charged with conduct in breach of their duty. They were sum_ marily dismissed. All eight have given voice of their intention to appeal under t_ he company's disputes procedure. The hearing is expected to take place next week with officials of the Transport and General Wor_ kers Union representing them.26. According to the passage, inspectors paid an unexpected vis_ it to the duty fireroom just _____.A. before the moon setB. after the moon setC. after the sun setD. before the sun rose27. What were the firemen doing?A. They were building a kind of bed.B. They were mending sleeping bags.C. They were attending a meeting.D. They were sleeping on night shift.28. How could the previous breach of duty at BL be best described?A. 13 night shift workers were found playing cards 30 months ago.B. 13 night shift workers were found sleeping soundly 30 months ago.C. 8 night shift workers were found drinking alcohol three years ago/D. 8 night shift workers were found asleep two and a half years ago.29. We learned that as a result of this latest case ______.A. eight firemen were sackedB. thirteen firemen were dismissedC. eight firemen were promotedD. thirteen firemen were fired.30. Which of the following statement is true?A. All firemen of that works have been dismissed.B. The firemen who have been fired were going to leave the factory.C. The Workers Union support that these firemen should be fired.D. Those firemen would appeal.PASSAGE 3Promptness is important in American business, academic, and social settings. The importance of punctuality is taug_ ht to young children in school. Tardy slops and the use of bells sig_ nal to the child that punctuality and time itself are to be respected. People who keep appointments are considered dependable. If people are late to job interviews, appointments, or classes, they are often vie_ wed as unreliable and irresponsible. In the business world, "time is money" and companies may fine their executives for tardiness to busi_ ness meetings. Of course, it is not always possible to be punctual. Social and business etiquette also provides rules for late arrivals. Calling on the telephone if one is going to be more than a few minute_ s late for schedule appointments is considered polite and is often ex_ pected. Keeping a date of a friend waiting beyond ten to twenty minute_ s is considered rude. On the other hand, arriving thirty minutes late to some parties is acceptable. Respecting deadlines is also important in academic and professional ci_ rcles. It is expected that deadlines for class assignments or business reports will be met. Students who hand in assignments late may be surp_ rised to find that the professor will lower their grades or even refus_ e to grade their work. Whether it is a question of arriving on time or of meeting a deadline, people are culturally conditioned to regulate t_ ime.31. The best title for this passage is ________.A. PromptnessB. TimeC. DeadlinesD. Etiquette32. In the United States the child who must go to bed early, be prompt at school, or bring a tardy slip if he is late_____A. is learning the importance of time and punctuality in his culture.B. Is learning to disobey his parents and teachers.C. Is being punished for disobeying his mother and school officials.D. Is being punished for playing too much.33. If a person is late for a business meeting, he may be _____A. criticizedB. firedC. made to payD. given a pay rise34. Social etiquette in the United States allows people______A. to be a few minutes late for interviews and business meetings.B. to come early to partiesC. to be up to a half-hour late for some parties.D. to call a date when he is thirty minutes late.35. The last sentence means ______A. people everywhere regulate time in the same way.B. Conditions decide how people spend time.C. Regular timetable is important in every culture.D. Different cultures have different customs concerning time.PASSAGE 4Urban life has always involved a balancing of opportunities and rewards against dangers and stress; its motivating force is, in the broadest s_ ense, money. Opportunities to make money mean competition and competit_ ion is stressful; it is often at its most intense in the largest cities , where opportunities are greatest. The presence of huge numbers of pe_ ople inevitable involves more conflict, more traveling, the overloading of public services and exposure to those deviants and criminals who are drawn to the rich pickings of great cities. Crime has always flourished in the relative anonymity of urban life, but today's ease of movement makes its control more difficult than ever; there is much evidence that its extent has a direct relationship to the size of communities. City dwellers may become trapped in their homes by the fear of crime around them. As a defense against these developments city dwellers tend to use vari_ ous strategies to try and reduce the pressures upon themselves: contac_ ts with other people are generally made brief and impersonal; doors are kept locked; telephone numbers may be ex-directory; journeys outside th_ e home are usually hurried, rather than a source of pleasure. There are other strategies too, which are positively harmful to the individual; f_ or example, reducing awareness through drugs or alcohol. Furthermore, a_ ll these defensive forms of behavior are harmful to society in general; they cause widespread loneliness and destroy the community's concern for its members. Lack of informal social contact and indifference to the mi_ sfortunes of others, if they are not personally known to oneself, are a_ mongst the major causes of urban crime.36. According to the author, living in a city causes stress because the_ re are so many people who are _____.A. anxious to succeedB. in need of helpC. naturally aggressiveD. likely to commit crime37. The author thinks that crime is increasing in cities because _____.A. people do not communicate with their neighborsB. Criminals are difficult to trace in large populationC. People feel anonymous thereD. The trappings of success are attractive to criminals38. According to the article, what is the worst problem facing people living in cities?A. crimeB. finding somewhere to liveC. lonelinessD. drugs and alcoholism39. The biggest incentive to live in a city is_______A. rewardsB. stressC. competitionD. money40. According to the author, crime is caused by several factors, one of which is _____A. social isolationB. defensive behaviorC. hurried journeysD. personal misfortunePART II READING COMPREHENSION (50%)PASSAGE 5 SYDENHAM HIGH SCHOOLGirls from 5-18 yearsA well established, selective girls schoolOffering a broad academic curriculumAnd a wide variety of extra curricular activities and clubsTelephone: 081 778873741. What's this passage for?42. Who will be interested in reading it?43. Can a 14-year-old boy be sent there?44. If you want to send your daughter to that school, what should you do?45. What does the school offer?PASSAGE 6He saw the station in a new light. Here was a mass of human beings, some black, some white, and some brown like himself. Here they mixed with one another, yet each mistrusted the other with an unnatural fear. Each treated the other with suspicion, each move in a narrow, haunted pattern of its own manufacture. One must challenge these things the speaker had said in one's own way. Yet how in one's way? How was one to challenge? Slowly it dawned upon him. Here was his chance, the bench. The railway bench with the legend "Europeans Only" neatly painted on it in white. For one moment it symbolized all the challenge to his rights as a man. There it stood, a perfectly ordinary wooden railway bench, like hundreds of thousands of others in South Africa. That bench, now had concentrated in it all the evils of system, he could not understand. It was the obstacle to himself and humanity. If he sat on it he was a human in a human society. Healmost had visions of fighting the pernicious system if only he sat on that bench. Here was his chance. He, Karlie, would challenge.46. What is this passage about? 47. Who is the main character in the passage? 48. Is he a black person? 49. Where is he? 50. What is he going to do?PART III TRANSLATION (15%)Engineering software technology is constantly evolving, driving the marketplace, allowing companies to bring better products to market faster and at lower cost. Each new software release provides breakthroughs that allow companies to rely more on virtual product development and less on hours of laboratory, build-and-break studies. What used to take companies months or even years, costing a lot to design and build, now can be done in just weeks without great expense. This evolution is a direct result of the changing role of design analysis and optimisation software. Once thought of as "an extra step", today, this software is being applied throughout the product development process, testing ideas early in the development stage. ACME, Inc. develops the software tools that allow companies to build better, safer and more reliable products faster than ever before.PART IV COMPOSITION (15%)Opportunity and SuccessYou are expected to write three paragraphs.In the first paragraph, state clearly your viewpoint.In the second paragraph, support your viewpoint with details or examples.In the third paragraph, bring a summary to your composition.1-----10：bcddc dbbbc11----20: abbda dccda21----30: dcbda ddbad31----40: aaccd abada41:It is the advertisement about a school.42:Those who want to find a school for their daughters.43:No.44:Phone the No. 081 7788757.45:Academic education and extra-curricular activities.46:It's about a person who is going to fight for his rights.47:Karlie.48:No, he is brown.49:Near the railway station.50:He is going to sit on the bench.。

2011年GCT真题及参考答案

2011年GCT真题试卷第一部分语言表达能力测试（语文）（50 题，每小题 2 分，满分100 分）一、选择题1. 下面没有错别字的一句是A. 三国时代，英雄倍出，人才济济。

B. 做学问既不能急于求成,又不能默守成规。

C. 守军指挥官被敌人三翻两次的挑衅激怒了。

D. 有志者，事竟成，破釜沉舟，百二秦关终属楚。

2. 下面加点的词，意义相同的一组是，赶不上江西瓷。

A. ①这种瓷器比较粗糙．．，，你重新润色一下。

②这篇译稿太粗糙．．多了。

B. ①墙壁粉刷以后，屋里变得亮堂．．多了。

②问题搞清楚以后，他心里亮堂．．地答应了。

C. ①对方的请求刚说完，他就痛快．．。

②看着大坝工程一天一个样，心里真痛快．．水道。

D. ①海峡是海洋中连接两个相邻海区的狭窄．．，背叶宽大。

②枝上排列着两列小叶，腹叶狭窄．．3. 下面各句中加点成语使用不恰当的一句是。

A. 从这次测试的情况来看，大家的计箅水平，良莠不齐．．．．B. 爱琴海的海岸线非常曲折，港湾众多，岛屿星罗棋布。

．．．．的。

C. 球队虽没能出线，但在比赛中的表现还是差强人意．．．．D. 自古及今，《楚辞》的评注和研究著作可谓汗牛充栋。

．．．．4. 下面各句中没有语病的一句是A. 或许有一天我们将会知道究竟这里发生了什么，以避免这种悲惨事件不再发生。

B. 我从小学习钢琴和小提琴，音乐带给我许多别的孩子永远也无法体验到的感受。

C. 凤凰电视台在美落地，该台总裁表示凤凰卫视将继续扮演中美之间友谊的桥梁。

D. 你是我最心爱的人，这些年虽然我们不在一起，但我却无时无刻都在思念着你。

5. 下面各句中没有歧义的一句是A. 他走了三小时了。

B. 买房子就送家具。

C. 县里来了工作组。

D. 在邮局里寄包裹。

6. 下面关于文史知识的表述，错误的一项是A. 中国古代思想史上，"陆王学派"的代表是明代陆九渊和王阳明。

B. 苏轼是著名书法家，与黄庭坚、米芾、蔡襄并称"宋四家"。

2011年GCT考试真题试卷和答案-英语

2011年GCT考试真题试卷及答案第四部分外语运用能力测试（50题，每题2分，满分100分）Part One Vocabulary and StructureDirections:There are ten incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1. If the car you have rented is clearly unsatisfactory, you can always ________ it for another.A shift B. exchange C. switch D. replace2. Every manager needs a secretary that he can ________ to take care of something that may occur in his absence.A. bring onB. hold onC. count onD. focus on3. The shirt is a real bargain because it is good in quality and ________ in price.A. valuableB. remarkableC. availableD. reasonable4. Shopping for clothes is not the same experience for a man ________ it is for a woman.A. whenB. thatC. asD. than5. Nina ________ back home if she had known that her husband would go to the bus stop to meet her.A. couldn’t have walkedB. shouldn’t have walkedC. mustn’t have walkedD. wouldn’t have walked6. A news report is usually very short, ________ when it is about something very important.A. besidesB. exceptC. apart fromD. except for7. In this advanced course, students are required to take performance tests at monthly ______.A. gapsB. lengthsC. distancesD. intervals8. American women were ________ the right to vote until 1920.A. ignoredB. refusedC. derivedD. denied9. Seldom ________ any mistakes during my past few years of working there.A. would I makeB. have I madeC. I madeD. shall I make10. The proposal seems ________ to oppose the government economic policy.A. designedB. to designC. have designedD. to have designedPart Two Reading ComprehensionDirections:In this there are three passages and one chart, each followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center. Questions 11—15 are based on the following passage:Happiness is becoming a huge area in psychological research and even in government policy, with the UK government explori ng a “happiness index”. It’s tough, though, to define exactly what happiness is, and what makes us happy.There are two broad ways of looking at happiness: short-term happiness (a great cookie, a bottle of wine) and long-term happiness (financial security, achieving your goals). Both types of happiness are valid, and important. The problem is, they’re often in competition.Let’s say you’ve got a goal of losing 50 pounds this year. You know you’d be happier and healthier if you weren’t carrying that extra we ight. To achieve long-term happiness, you need to go on a diet. In the short-term, though, it’s not that easy. A chocolate cake, or a large glass of wine, might seem like just the thing to cheer you up at the end of a long day – or to celebrate with friend s. It’s the same with lots of other goal s.If you’ve got a tendency to prioritize long-term happiness at the expense of day-to-day pleasures, you should start looking for some small ways to bring a little joy back into your life. I’m not suggesting that yo u go out and get drunk every might, or that you stuff yourself with cake. There are plenty of other ways to enjoy yourself. Don’t pin all your hopes of happiness on some far-off future, though. There’s no point working a 60-hour week and making yourself th oroughly miserable in the belief that things will be perfect as soon as you’re making a six-figure salary.11. A proper title for the passage is “________”.A. Happy ThereafterB. Beyond HappinessC. Happiness In, Happiness OutD. Happy Now or in the Future?12. Paragraph 2 is mainly about ________A. what makes us happy C. how we can be happierB. how to understand happiness D. what happiness can bring us13.The example in Paragraph 3 is meant to emphasize that ______.A. both short-term happiness and long-term happiness are importantB. we tend to seek short-term happiness instead of long-term happiness.C. people prefer long-term happiness to short-term happinessD. short-term happiness may contradict long-term happiness14.The word “prioritize” (last paragraph) probably means “______”A. treat something as more important than othersB. improve something’s value of qualityC. put extra emphasis on somethingD. look for something that is difficult to find15.The author suggests in the last paragraph that sacrificing short-term happiness of long-term happiness _______.A. works wellB. can be justifiedC. is not worthwhileD. makes no differenceQuestions 16-20 are based on the following passage:Thanks to the introduction of new drugs, many of the early problems in organ transplants, such as tissue rejection, have, to a great extent, now been solved..However, there remains a major problem. The people in need of transplant surgery far outnumber the available organs.Many countries, such as Britain, have huge waiting lists of people whose lives could be saved by being given a kidney, lung, heart, or liver transplant. Sadly, many of them die before they reach the top of those list.Under the present British policy, people are asked to carry donor (捐赠人) cards, and/or put their names on the national donor register. Thus, if they lose their lives suddenly, for example, in a traffic accident, they have given permission in advance of their deaths for their organs to be used. If they have not done so, surgeons are faced with the task of asking the grieved relatives for permission to use the organs of the dead. Of course, often the relatives are too upset even to think of such a thing until it is too late. Organ transplants have to take place quit soon after the death of the donor.Dying and donation organs is not something most of us like to think about, and only about14% of people have registered. Now it has been suggested that, instead of the present register, the should be a register of pote ntial donors who haven’t made up their minds.16.Nowadays a major problem in transplant surgery is _____.A. the shortage of qualified doctorsB .the lack of transplant organsC.. tissue rejectionD .immature techniques17.It can be inferred from the passage that transplant organs most likely come from ______.A. people who die in fatal accidentsB. criminals who are sentenced to deathC. patients who die from serious diseasesD. people who are mentally healthy18.What is the advantage of registering in advance to donate organs?A. The transplant may take place soon after the death of the donor.B. The donor’s relatives would agree with the surgery.C. More people would choose donation of their organs after death.D. Surgeons will not be liable to any legal consequences.19.The low percentage of people who have registered to donate organs indicates that ___________.A. the present register system doesn’t workB. dying and donating organs is an unpleasant issueC. very few people know how to donate their organsD. permission from relatives is hard to obtain20.What has been proposed to get more donor organs?A. Asking more people to register to donate organs after death.B. Having more people carry donor cards when they get around.C. Encouraging more people to consider organ donation through registering.D. Getting more people to donate organs by offering huge monetary rewards.Questions 21-25 are based on the following passage:Recently, the American Heart Association surveyed 1000 people nation wide about their thoughts on sodium and heart health. 61% said that they believed sea salt was a low-sodium alternative to table salt. They can be forgiven for thinking so. Sea salt is marketed as ahealthy food, added to soups, potato chips and a wide variety of packaged snacks labeled “low sodium”, “all n atural’ and “healthy” . But in reality, sea salt and table salt are not terribly different, at least chemically. The real differences are in how the two are used in cooking.Table salt comes from underground salt deposits. Companies that sell it typically add something to keep it from clumping (结块) . During processing , table salt is stripped of many of its natural minerals . Sea salt, on the other hand , is made from evaporated seawater . With little processing , it retains most of its minerals , which some cooks say give it a better flavor .But both contain the same amount of sodium chloride (氢化钠) by weight, which means they contribute equally to total sodium consumption and have the same effect on blood pressure. Officials recommend that adults consume no more than 2,300 milligrams of sodium a day , equivalent to a teaspoon of salt .You should eat less if you are black , hypertensive (患高血压) or older than 40 . Yet most Americans consume more than double the amount they need , mostly from processed foods, so it is best to limit salt – of any kind.21.According to the survey , more than half the people believe that ________.A. table salt should be used in cookingB. it is necessary to eat sea saltC. sea salt is a high-sodium productD. sea salt is a healthier choice than table salt22.The difference between table salt and sea salt lies in that table salt ________.A. contains less natural minerals than sea saltB. forms clumps more easily than sea saltC. tastes better than sea saltD. goes through less processing than sea salt23.The word “strip” in Para. 2 is close st in mean ing to “________”.A. breakB. addC. removeD. change24. According to the passage , the proper amount of salt consumption is related to one’s ________.A. appetiteB. ageC. sexD. weight25. According to the passage , Americans ________.A. consume much more salt than they actually needB. consume about 2.300 milligrams of salt a dayC. prefer fresh food to salted processed foodD. try to limit their salt consumption of any kindQuestions 26-30 are based on the following chart ：Position Open Advertise Position Review applicants interview Make job offers Com. offer Applicants accept offer Contract, training Review other interviewsOffer job to alternate Consider other options Call, filling Follow-up, filling NO NO YES YES YESNO NO YES26. A proper title for the chart is “_______”.A. Schedule Chart for Job HuntingB. flow Chart for Recruitment ProcessC. Descriptive Chart for an Open PositionD. Organization Chart for a Hiring Company27. The chart is probably designed for ___________.A. job applicantsB. school graduatesC. the company general managerD. the human resources department28.What happens right after the interview?A. The company will review other interviewees.B. The company will notify those who get an offer.C. The applicants will confirm job offers with the company.D. The applicants will call in to check whether they get the offer.29.A work contract is signed when ________.A. all options have been consideredB. there is no more interviewee to reviewC. the applicant accepts the company’s offerD. the company finishes training for its new staff30.What does “Com.” in “Com. Offer” possibly mean?A. ConfirmB. CompanyC. CompensateD. CommunicatePart Three ClozeDirections:There are ten blanks in the following passage. For each numbered blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWERSHEET with a single line through the center.Where do our favorite foods come from? The truth may 31 you. Did you know curry (咖哩)isn’t Indian? Did you know Americans weren’t the 32 to eat hamburgers? Or did you know pizza wasn’t created in Italy?First, let’s talk about curry. Many people think the English Found out about curry from people in India in the 1600s.But 33, wealthy English people were cooking with curry spices bundreds of years 34 British ships traveled to India. In fact, the word “curry” can be found in the English language as far back as 1377. Cooks of wealthy English families created curry dishes, and later these 35 caught on in other parts of England.36 pizza, this dish was probably first made in Persia(what is now Iran). The Persians were eating round, flat bread with cheese in the 500s –nearly one thousand years before pizza caught on in Naples, Italy!Finally, let’s look at the truth behind 37 .Many people think hamburgers are an American food. However, 38 some stories, hamburgers came from Hamburg, Germany. A German named Otto Kuasw made the first hamburger in 1891. Four years later, German sailors 39 hamburgers to Americans.Where food come from isn’t nearly as 40 as how they are delicious! So ,go get some of your favorite food and dig in.31. A upset B.surprise C.annoy D.inspire32. A.ones st C.first D.nation33. A. in detail B.in short C.in turn D.in really34. A.before B.after C.when D.while35. A.cooks B.families C.dishes D.places36. pare to B. A s for C.But for D.In addition to37. A. chips B.pizza C.curry D.hamburgers38. A.according to B.owing to C.in case of D.in spite of39. A.carried B.introduced C.transported D.moved40. A.good B. far C.important D.long.Part Four Dialogue CompletionDirections:In this part, there are ten short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by four choices marked A,b,C and D. Choose the one that most appropriately suits the conversational context and best completes the dialogue. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.41. A: I went on a date with Sammy last weekend.B:Really? ________?A:I couldn’t ask for a better night.A. Is she niceB.How was itC.Is it a beautiful nightD. Did you like her42.Student: How long can I keep the book?Librarian:_________.A.Any period longer than four weeks, you will be finedB.You can check it on the computer over thereC.Four weeks, but you can renew it if you need it longerD.At most four weeks if you don’t mind43.A: Hello, Ann, do you still remember you said you’d like to see the actor of the movie Titanic?B:________A: He is hers at our university now.A. No, I don’tB. Yes, why?C. Yes, so what?D. No, I don’t like him44.A: Please remember me to your parentsB:________A.They remember seeing you onceB.Thanks a lot. I willC.I am afraid they have poor memoriesD.You can contact them directly45.Teacher: Are you following me?Student: ________A.I’m afraid not.B. Can you walk slowly,please?C.Let me think of it.D. who knows?46. Receiver: Would you like to leave a message? I’ll let Mr. Cohen know as soon as he back.Caller: __________.A. I hope he will call me backB. No. I’ll call somebody elseC.I don’t think it’s appropriateD.Don’t bother. I’ll try his cell.47.David: If things go on like this, I’ll sta rt preparing my resume again. Colleague: _________A. Come on. It’s not that bad.B. Yes, you are good at it.C. Really? Congratulation!D. It’s none of my business.48.Wife: Honey, we have only one egg and half a bottle of milk in the fridge. Oh, and we are running out of toilet paper...Husband:_______A.Ok, ok, I’ll go to the store right now.B.Yes, honey. Let me know what I can do.C.What’s missing. Dear?D.Sure, I’ll get more next time49.Man: It’s a long journey. You look tired. ______?Woman: Yes. Could you take that suitcase, please?Man : Sure.A. Where ‘s your luggageB.How can I help youC. May I help you with anytingD.Do you mind me help50.A: Can you keep an eye on my bag?B: _________A.Sure. What is it?B.Oh. Do you want a favor?C.Go ahead. No problem.D.Sure. Will you be long?答案：1-5BCDCD6-10 BDDBA11-15 DBDAC16-20 BDAAC 21-25DACBA26-30BDBCA31-35 BCDAC36-40 BDABD 41-45BCBBA46-50DAACD。

2011年考研英语答案及解析

2011年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语(一)参考答案Section I Use of English1．C 2．D 3．B 4．B 5．A 6．B 7．A 8．D 9．C 10．A11．B 12．C 13．D 14．C 15．B 16．D 17．A 18．D 19．A 20．CSection II Reading ComprehensionPart A21.C 22.B 23.D 24.B 25.A 26.B 27.D 28.C 29.A 30.B31.D 32.C 33.B 34.A 35.A 36.C 37.C 38.D 39.D 40.BPart B41.B 42.D 43.A 44.C 45.FPart C Translation46. 艾伦的贡献在于提出了我们大家都认同的假设——我们不是机器人，因此能够控制自己的思维——并且指出了这个假设是错误的。

47. 虽然仅通过显意识就能能够保持控制的错觉，但实际上我们一直面临着一个问题，那就是“为什么我不能设法完成这样或那样的事情。

48. 这似乎可能为必要时的忽视而正名，也能合理说明剥削，以及在顶层的人的优越感及处于低层人们的劣势感。

49. 环境似乎是为了挑选出我们的强者，如果我们感觉受了委屈，那么我们就不可能有意识的做出努力逃离我们原来的处境。

50. 正面意义在于我们了解任何事情都取决于我们自己，之前我们受到一系列的限制，而现在我们成了权威。

Section III Writing51．小作文参考范文小作文范文一：Dear friend,I am writing, without hesitation, to share one of my favorite movies, Forest Gump, with you, which is not only conducive to your study, but also beneficial to your life.For one thing, the beautiful language in this original English movie may contribute to your study of English in listening, speaking, reading and writing. For another thing, the profound cultural elements implicit in the scene will equip you with foreign cultural background and, above all, enrich your daily life.W ould you like to see this movie after my recommendation? Remember to tell me your opinion about the movie. I am looking forward to your early reply.Y ours,Li Ming小作文范文二：Dear friend,Recently, a lot of new movies are on show, among which I love If Y ou Are The One most. Now I am recommending this movie to you for the reasons listed below.First of all, it has powerful cast which appeals to my attention. In addition, the classic and thought-provoking language makes it irresistible to all fans. Above all, the deep revelation of love touches my soul opens my mind.I am convinced that you are willing to see this movie after my enthusiastic recommendation. Remember to write and tell me how you feel. I am looking forward to your early reply.Y ours sincerely,Li Ming52．大作文参考范文The terrible scene depicted in the cartoon shows that some people in our life still lack the awareness of environmental protection. The picture illustrates that two tourists are chatting and eating happily on a boat and casually throwing their rubbish into the lake which is full of litter and waste. The drawing sets us thinking too much due to its far-reaching influence.Nowadays, though the awareness of protecting environment is being accepted bymore and more people, we can still see many unpleasant scenes especially in scenic spots. Why does this phenomenon arise? Many factors are accounting for it. First and foremost, to some people, the consciousness of protecting environment is still not so strong. They may not think it is a big deal to thro w rubbish everywhere. In addition, the environmental management system isn’t so satisfying. For example, in some places there’re few regulations or the implementation is seldom performed actually.From what has been discussed above, it is urgent to take some effective and relative measures. In the first place, we should continue to conduct more propaganda in communities and schools so as to let people realize the importance of protecting environment. In the second, more rules should be made and carried out by the ** to restrain the conduction of destroying environment. People should work together to create clean and beautiful surroundings.本文从法硕联盟论坛转载原文链接：/thread-107120-1-1.html2011年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语(一)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Ancient Greek phil osopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health.” But __1___some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness Laughter does __2___short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, ___3_ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to __4__, a good laugh is unlikely to have __5___ benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does.__6__, instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparentlyaccomplishes the __7__, studies dating back to the 1930’s indicate that laughter__8___ muscles, decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9__the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the act of laughing probably does produce other types of ___10___ feedback, that improve an individual’s emotional state. __11____one classical theory of emotion, our feelings are partially rooted ____12___ physical reactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry ___13___they are sad but they become sad when the tears begin to flow.Although sadness also ____14___ tears, evidence suggests that emotions can flow __15___ muscular responses. In an experiment published in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of würzburg in Germany asked volunteers to __16___ a pen either with their teeth-thereby creating an artificial smile – or with their lips, which would produce a(n) __17___ expression. Those forced to exercise their enthusiastically to funny catoons than did those whose months were contracted in a frown, ____19___ that expressions may influence emotions rather than just the other way around __20__ , the physical act of laughter could improve mood.1．[A]among [B]except [C]despite [D]like2．[A]reflect [B]demand [C]indicate [D]produce3．[A]stabilizing [B]boosting [C]impairing [D]determining4．[A]transmit [B]sustain [C]evaluate [D]observe5．[A]measurable [B]manageable [C]affordable [D]renewable6．[A]In turn [B]In fact [C]In addition [D]In brief7．[A]opposite [B]impossible [C]average [D]expected8．[A]hardens [B]weakens [C]tightens [D]relaxes9．[A]aggravate [B]generate [C]moderate [D]enhance10．[A]physical [B]mental [C]subconscious [D]internal11．[A]Except for [B]According to [C]Due to [D]As for12．[A]with [B]on [C]in [D]at13．[A]unless [B]until [C]if [D]because14．[A]exhausts [B]follows [C]precedes [D]suppresses15．[A]into [B]from [C]towards [D]beyond16．[A]fetch [B]bite [C]pick [D]hold17．[A]disappointed [B]excited [C]joyful [D]indifferent18．[A]adapted [B]catered [C]turned [D]reacted19．[A]suggesting [B]requiring [C]mentioning [D]supposing20．[A]Eventually [B]Consequently [C]Similarly [D]ConverselySection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1The decision of the New Y ork Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilbert’s appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.” As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise.For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit A very Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes.Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. Thererecordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today’s live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listener’s choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert.One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilbert’s own interest in new music has b een widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly different, more vibrant organization.” But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orches tra’s repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between America’s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract.21. We learn from Para.1 that Gilbert’s appointment ha s[A]incurred criticism.[B]raised suspicion.[C]received acclaim.[D]aroused curiosity.22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who is[A]influential.[B]modest.[C]respectable.[D]talented.23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoers[A]ignore the expenses of live performances.[B]reject most kinds of recorded performances.[C]exaggerate the variety of live performances.[D]overestimate the value of live performances.24. According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings?[A]They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.[B]They are easily accessible to the general public.[C]They help improve the quality of music.[D]They have only covered masterpieces.25. Regarding Gilbert’s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feels[A]doubtful.[B]enthusiastic.[C]confident.[D]puzzled.Text 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.” Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my decision,” McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isn’t alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at A von and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who don’t get th e nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations.As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders.The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached. Says Korn/Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey:”I can’t t hink of a single search I’ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.”Those who jumped without a job haven’t always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later.Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. “The traditional rule was it’s safer to stay where you are, but that’s been fundamentally inverted,” says one headhunter. “The people who’ve been hurt the worst are those who’ve stayed too long.”26. When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as being[A]arrogant.[B]frank.[C]self-centered.[D]impulsive.27. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives’ quitting may be spurred by[A]their expectation of better financial status.[B]their need to reflect on their private life.[C]their strained relations with the boards.[D]their pursuit of new career goals.28. The word “poached” (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means[A]approved of.[B]attended to.[C]hunted for.[D]guarded against.29. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A]top performers used to cling to their posts.[B]loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.[C]top performers care more about reputations.[D]it’s safer to stick to the traditional rules.30. Which of the following is the best title for the text?[A]CEOs: Where to Go?[B]CEOs: All the Way Up?[C]Top Managers Jump without a Net[D]The Only Way Out for Top Performers法硕联盟论坛下载转载原文链接：/thread-107119-1-1.html Text 3The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional “paid” media – such as television commercials and print advertisements – still play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create “owned” media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site. The way consumers now approach the broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media.Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media , such marketers act as the initiator for users’ responses. But in some cases, one marketer’s owned media become another marketer’s paid media – for instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site. We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend ,which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson & Johnson, for example, has created BabyCenter, a stand-alone media property that promotes complementary and even competitive products. Besides generating income, the presence of other marketers makes the site seem objective, gives companies opportunities to learn valuable information about the appeal of other companies’ marketing, and may help expand user traffic for all companie s concerned.The same dramatic technological changes that have provided marketers with more (and more diverse) communications choices have also increased the risk that passionate consumers will voice their opinions in quicker, more visible, and much more damaging ways. Such hijacked media are the opposite of earned media: an asset or campaign becomes hostage to consumers, otherstakeholders, or activists who make negative allegations about a brand or product. Members of social networks, for instance, are learning that they can hijack media to apply pressure on the businesses that originally created them.If that happens, passionate consumers would try to persuade others to boycott products, putting the reputation of the target company at risk. In such a ca se, the company’s response may not be sufficiently quick or thoughtful, and the learning curve has been steep. Toyota Motor, for example, alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier this year with a relatively quick and well-orchestrated social-media response campaign, which included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social-news site Digg.31.Consumers may create “earned” media when they are[A] obscssed with online shopping at certain Web sites.[B] inspired by product-promoting e-mails sent to them.[C] eager to help their friends promote quality products.[D] enthusiastic about recommending their favorite products.32. According to Paragraph 2,sold media feature[A] a safe business environment.[B] random competition.[C] strong user traffic.[D] flexibility in organization.33. The author indicates in Paragraph 3 that earned media[A] invite constant conflicts with passionate consumers.[B] can be used to produce negative effects in marketing.[C] may be responsible for fiercer competition.[D] deserve all the negative comments about them.34. Toyota Motor’s experience is cited as an example of[A] responding effectively to hijacked media.[B] persuading customers into boycotting products.[C] cooperating with supportive consumers.[D] taking advantage of hijacked media.35. Which of the following is the text mainly about ?[A] Alternatives to conventional paid media.[B] Conflict between hijacked and earned media.[C] Dominance of hijacked media.[D] Popularity of owned media.Text 4It’s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful, provocative magazine cover story, “I love My Children, I Hate My Life,” is arousing much chatter –nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.”The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive –and newly single –mom Sandra Bullock, as well as the usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant” news. Practically every week features at least one celebrity mom, or mom-to-be, smiling on the newsstands.In a society that so persistently celebrates procreation, is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent to admitting you support kitten-killing ? It doesn’t seem quite fair, then, to compare the regrets of parents to the regrets of the children. Unhappy parents rarely are provoke d to wonder if they shouldn’t have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery must be a direct result of the gaping baby-size holes in their lives.Of course, the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present is hugely unrealistic, especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock. According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples, single parents are theleast happy of all. No shock there, considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on; yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it, raising a kid on their “own” (read: with round-the-clock help) is a piece of cake.It’s hard to imagine that many people are dumb enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But it’s interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood aren’t in some small, subconscious way contributing to our own dissatisfactions with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “ the Rachel” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.36.Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring[A]temporary delight[B]enjoyment in progress[C]happiness in retrospect[D]lasting reward37.We learn from Paragraph 2 that[A]celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip.[B]single mothers with babies deserve greater attention.[C]news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining.[D]having children is highly valued by the public.38.It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks[A]are constantly exposed to criticism.[B]are largely ignored by the media.[C]fail to fulfill their social responsibilities.[D]are less likely to be satisfied with their life.39.According to Paragraph 4, the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is[A]soothing.[B]ambiguous.[C]compensatory.[D]misleading.40.Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A]Having children contributes little to the glamour of celebrity moms.[B]Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.[C]Having children intensifies our dissatisfaction with life.[D]We sometimes neglect the happiness from child rearing.Part BDirections:The following paragraph are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G to filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs E and G have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)[A] No disciplines have seized on professionalism with as much enthusiasm as the humanities. Y ou can, Mr Menand points out, became a lawyer in three years and a medical doctor in four. But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the humanities is nine years. Not surprisingly, up to half of all doctoral students in English drop out before getting their degrees.[B] His concern is mainly with the humanities: Literature, languages, philosophy and so on. These are disciplines that are going out of style: 22% of American college graduates now major in business compared with only 2% in history and 4% in English. However, many leading American universities want their undergraduates to have a grounding in the basic canon of ideas that every educated person should posses. But mos t find it difficult to agree on what a “general education” should look like. At Harvard, Mr Menand notes, “the great books are read because they have been read”-they form a sort of social glue.[C] Equally unsurprisingly, only about half end up with professorships for which they entered graduate school. There are simply too few posts. This is partly because universities continue to produce ever more PhDs. But fewer students want to study humanities subjects: English departments awarded more bachelor’s degr ees in 1970-71 than they did 20 years later. Fewerstudents requires fewer teachers. So, at the end of a decade of theses-writing, many humanities students leave the profession to do something for which they have not been trained.[D] One reason why it is hard to design and teach such courses is that they can cut across the insistence by top American universities that liberal-arts educations and professional education should be kept separate, taught in different schools. Many students experience both varieties. Although more than half of Harvard undergraduates end up in law, medicine or business, future doctors and lawyers must study a non-specialist liberal-arts degree before embarking on a professional qualification.[E] Besides professionalizing the professions by this separation, top American universities have professionalised the professor. The growth in public money for academic research has speeded the process: federal research grants rose fourfold between 1960and 1990, but faculty teaching hours fell by half as research took its toll. Professionalism has turned the acquisition of a doctoral degree into a prerequisite for a successful academic career: as late as 1969a third of American professors did not possess one. But the key idea behind profession alisation, argues Mr Menand, is that “the knowledge and skills needed for a particular specialization are transmissible but not transferable.”So disciplines acquire a monopoly not just over the production of knowledge, but also over the production of the producers of knowledge.[F] The key to reforming higher education, concludes Mr Menand, is to alter the way in which “the producers of knowledge are produced.”Otherwise, academics will continue to think dangerously alike, increasingly detached from the societies which they study, investigate and criticize.”Academic inquiry, at least in some fields, may need to become less exclusionary and more holistic.”Y et quite how that happens, Mr Menand dose not say.[G] The subtle and intelligent little book The Marketplace of Ideas: Reform and Resistance in the American University should be read by every student thinking of applying to take a doctoral degree. They may then decide to go elsewhere. For something curious has been happening in American Universities, and Louis Menand, a professor of English at Harvard University, captured it skillfully.G →41. →42. →E →43. →44. →45.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Y our translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)With its theme that “Mind is the master weaver,” creating our inner character and outer circumstances, the book As a Man Thinking by James Allen is an in-depth exploration of the central idea of self-help writing.(46) Allen’s contribution was to take an assumption we all share-that because we are not robots we therefore control our thoughts-and reveal its erroneous nature. Because most of us believe that mind is separate from matter, we think that thoughts can be hidden and made powerless; this allows us to think one way and act another. However, Allen believed that the unconscious mind generates as much action as the conscious mind, and (47) while we may be able to sustain the illusion of control through the conscious mind alone, in reality we are continually faced with a question: “Why cannot I make myself do this or achieve that? ”Since desire and will are damaged by the presence of thoughts that do not accord with desire, Allen concluded : “ We do not attract what we want, but what we are.” Achievement happens because you as a person embody the external achievement; you don’t “ get”success but become it. There is no gap between mind and matter.\Part of the fame of Allen’s book is its contention that “Circumstances do not make a person, they reveal him.” (48) This seems a justificat ion for neglect of those in need, and a rationalization of exploitation, of the superiority of those at the top and the inferiority of those at the bottom.This ,however, would be a knee-jerk reaction to a subtle argument. Each set of circumstances, however bad, offers a unique opportunity for growth. If circumstances always determined the life and prospects of people, then humanity would never have progressed. In fat, (49)circumstances seem to be designed to bring out the best in us and if we feel that we have been “wronged” then we are unlikely to begin a conscious effort to escape from our situation .Nevertheless, as any biographer knows, a person’s early life and its conditions are often the greatest gift to an individual.The sobering aspect of Allen’s book is that we have no one else to blame for our present condition except ourselves. (50) The upside is the possibilities contained in knowing that everything is up to us; where before we were experts in the array of limitations, now we become authorities of what is possible.Section ⅢWritingPart A51. Directions:Write a letter to a friend of yours to1) recommend one of your favorite movies and2) give reasons for your recommendationY our should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2。

2011全国硕士研究生考试英语(二)部分真题及答案

2011年考研英语(二)完型填空题目及参考答案"The Internet affords anonymity to its users — a boon to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cybercrime that has 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing a semblance of safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ?Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nation’s cyberczar, offered the Obama government a 4 to make the Web a safer place —a “voluntary identify” system that would be the high-tech 5 of a physical key, fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled 6 one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential 7 to a specific computer, and would authenticate users at a range of online services.The idea is to 8 a federation of private online identify systems. Users could 9 which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet d river’s license 10 by the government.Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have sign-on” systems that make it possible for users to 11 just once but use many different services.12 , the approach would create a “walled garden” in safe “neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights” to establish a sense of community.Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with 14 ,trusting the identities of the infrastructure that the transaction runs 15 .'"Still, the administration’s plan has 16 privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such an initiative push toward what would 17 be a license” mentality.The plan has also been greeted with 18 by some experts, who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem” would still leave much of the Internet 19 .They argue that should be 20 to register and identify themselves, in drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.1.A.swept B. skipped C. walked D. ridden2.A.for B. within C. while D. though3.A.careless B. lawless C. pointless D. helpless4.A.reason B. reminder C. compromise D. proposalrmation B. interference C. entertainment D. equivalent6.A.by B. into C. from D. over7.A.linked B. directed C. chained D. compared8.A.dismiss B. discover C. create D. improve9.A.recall B. suggest C. select D. realize10.A.released B. issued C. distributed D. delivered11.A.carry on B. linger on C. set in D. log in12.A.In vain B. In effect C. In return D. In contrast13.A.trusted B. modernized C. thriving D. competing14.A.caution B. delight C. confidence D. patience15.A.on B. after C. beyond D. across16.A.divided B. disappointed C. protected D. united17.A.frequently B. incidentally C. occasionally D. eventually18.A.skepticism B. tolerance C. indifference D. enthusiasm19.A.manageable B. defendable C. vulnerable D. invisible20.A.invited B. appointed C. allowed D. forced参考答案：1-5 ACBDD 6-10 BACCA 11-15 DBACA 16-20 CDACD2011年考研英语(二)试题客观题部分参考答案1-5 ACBDD6-10 BACCA11-15 DBACA16-20 CDACD21-25BBDAA26-30DBCBB31-35BDCDB36-40DCBAC41-45EDCFGWILL the European Union make it? The question would have sounded outlandish not long ago. Now even the project’s greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a “Bermuda triangle” of debt, demographic decline and lower growth.As well as those chronic problems, the EU faces an acute crisis in its economic core, the 16 countries that use the single currency. Markets have lost faith that the euro zone’s economies, weaker or stronger, will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency, which denies uncompetitive stragglers the quick fix of devaluation.Yet the debate about how to save Europe’s single currency from disintegration is stuck. It is stuck because the euro zone’s dominant powers, France and Germany, agree on the need for greater harmonisation within the euro zone, but disagree about what to harmonise.Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrowing, spending and competitiveness, backed by quasi-automatic sanctions for governments that stray. These might include threats to freeze EU funds for poorer regions and EU mega-projects, and even the suspension of a country’s voting rights in EU ministerial councils. It insists that economic co-ordination should involve all 27 members of the EU club, among whom there is a small majority for free-market liberalism and economic rigour; in the inner core alone, Germany fears, a small majority favour French dirigisme.A “southern” camp headed by France wants something different: “European economicgovernment” within an inner core of euro-zone members. Translated, that means politicians meddling in monetary policy and a system of redistribution from richer to poorer members, via cheaper borrowing for governments through common Eurobonds or outright fiscal transfers. Finally, figures close to the French government have murmured, euro-zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonisation: eg, curbing competition in corporate-tax rates or labour costs.It is too soon to write off the EU. It remains the world’s large st trading block. At its best, the European project is remarkably liberal: built around a single market of 27 rich and poor countries, its internal borders are far more porous to goods, capital and labour than any comparable trading area. It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalisation, and make capitalism benign.36.The EU is faced with to many problems thatA it has more or less lost faith in marketsB even its supporters begin to fell concernedC some of its member countries plan to X curoD it intends to deny the possibility of devaluation37 The X over the EU’s single currency is stuck because the X pomeryA are X for the leading positionB are busy X their own crisesCfall to reach an agreement on harmonisationD disagreement on the steps towards disintegration38 To solve the cure problem ,Gremanyproposed thatA EU funds for poor regions be XB stricter regulations be impossalC only core members be involved in ecomomic XD voting rights of the EU members be guaranteed39 The French proposal of handling the crisis implies thatA X countries are more likely to get findsB monetary policy will be applied to poor countriesC X will be readily available to rich countriesD rich countries will busically control Eurobonds40 X the future of the EU,the author seems to feelA pesaimisticB desperateCconeceiledD hopeful2011年考研英语二小作文真题范文Dear Li Ming,Congratulations on your success in the University Entrance Examination to be admitted to Peking University. Your hard work has paid off and we’re all so proud of you.As setting out on a new journey, I guess you may have some doubts and worries. I have experienced the same with you, so I think I may be in a position to give you some suggestions. First, you need to realize that to be independent emotionally is the first step in adjusting to university life. Then, I think it is necessary to remind you that university is a diversified place where academic achievements and interpersonal skills are equally important.I wish you have a brilliant start in university life and please do not hesitate to contact me if you have any problem.Yours sincerely,Zhang Wei(138)2011年考研英语二大作文真题范文As can be seen clearly from the chart, the market share taken by domestic car brands increased rapidly from 25% in 20008 to nearly 35% in 2009, while conversely, the market share owned by Japanese car brands dropped by 10% from 35% in 2008 to 25% in 2008. What’s more, the market share taken by American car brands is on the upward trend, from 10% to nearly 15%.Three reasons, in my opinion, can account for the changes in car market in these two years. First, the rise of Chinese cars is of little surprise as we have seen Chinese enterprises’commitment to developing self-owned technologies, which not only free them from potential risks, but also bring about long-term benefit. Second, Japanese cars, which used to be highly praised for their outstanding quality and superior stability, is now reeling from a crisis ofconfidence. Last, the improveme nt of American cars’ performance must be attributed to the smart marketing strategy employed by American sellers. They launched a lot of marketing campaigns designed specially for Chinese market, which won them applaud as well as benefit.In order to maintain the good momentum of development, domestic cars should on one hand stick to their self-independent policy, and on the other, learn some experiences from Japanese car’s failures and Americans’success.2011年考研英语大作文范文(高分版)Part B大作文参考范文高分版With the rapid development of tourist attractions，a growing number of people throng to the scenic spots during their vacations. As is vividly depicted in the cartoon, in the middle of a lake alive with rubbish rows a boat, riding two tourists, who are littering while enjoying the scenery.We can deduce from the picture that the drawer is trying to capture our attention to the tragedy of the destruction of the rivers and lakes, which is part of the threat to the ecological balance of the planet. It must be admitted that occurrences of water pollution caused by the rapid development of tourism industry is understood by many people with wide and insightful views. Unfortunately, in real practice, tourism has developed in a manner which often conflicts with the environment. To some extent, the faster the tourism economy develops, the worse the environment becomes.What is the significance of tourism development if the ecological balance is destroyed? In my view, measures should be taken without any delay to address the problem before price is paid for the negative development of the tourism. What should be done first is to make more people aware of the importance of environment protection. Otherwise, sightseeing, as a relaxation for most city dwellers, would be an impossible-to-be-realized wish in a few years. Meanwhile, related laws must be laid down to protect the fragile environment and to penalize those who violate the law. Only in this way would we enjoy a wonderful natural ecosystem and an advantageous, fast-growing tourism economy.52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly.2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give you comments.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)。

2011年11月学位英语真题及超详细答案

北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统一考试真题答案超详解（2011年11月07日）Passage 1The reflective towers of New York City, which is on the Atlantic migrating(迁徙的)route , can be deadly for birds. “We live in an age of glass,” said urel, an architect。

(76)“It can be a perfect mirror in certain lights, and the larger the glass, the more dangerous it is。

” About 90,000 birds are killed by flying into building in the city each year. Often, they strike the lower levels of glass towers after searching for food in nearby parks. Such crashes are the second-leading cause of death for migrating birds, after habitat(栖息地)loss, with an estimated number of death ranging up to a billion a year。

(77)As glass office and apartment towers have increased in the last decade, so, too, have calls to make them less deadly to birds. San Francisco adopted bird-safety standard for new building in July. The United States Green Building Council, a nonprofit industry group that encourages the creation of environmentally conscious buildings, will introduce a bird-safety credit this as part of its environmental certification process。

2011年GCT工程硕士(英语)真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2011年GCT工程硕士（英语）真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. V ocabulary and Structure 2. Reading Comprehension 3. Cloze 4. Dialogue CompletionPart I V ocabulary and StructureDirections: There are ten incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1．If the car you have rented is clearly unsatisfactory, you can always______it for another.A．shiftB．exchangeC．switchD．replace正确答案：D解析：shift“改变，轮换”，exchange“交换”，switch“转换”，replace“替换”，固定搭配replace for B的意思是“把A换成B”。

因此D为正确答案。

2．Every manager needs a secretary that he can______to take care of something that may occur in his absence.A．bring onB．hold onC．count onD．focus on正确答案：C解析：bring on“引起，提出”，hold on“坚持，等待”，count on“依赖，依靠”，focus on“专注于”。

2011中石油职称英语考试真题及答案

（试卷类型：17）I. VocabularyDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence thereare four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completesthe sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.1. We go out for dinner a couple of times a month. Sometimes we __ a movie.(28课)A. take inB. keep downC. take overD. take after2. The modern 7-inch long pencil can draw a line 35 miles in__(44课)A. gapB. intervalC. lengthD. distance3. A university is an educational institution which awards degrees and __ research.A. carries outB. carries offC. carries aboutD. carries for4. The captain of the ship __ the passengers that there was no danger.A. confinedB. insistedC. ensuredD. assured5. The speaker is the person who __ a speech transaction.(9课)A. initialB. initiatesC. initiativesD. initiation6. Never one to __ second best, John tried his best to solve the problem.A. admitB. acceptC. convinceD. receive7. The Atlantic hydrographic chart is being __ continuously; even as we speak submarines are charting the Arctic basin under the ice.(55课)A. rehearsedB. revisedC. renewedD. retiled8. The suppliers undoubtedly will get rich at the ___ of the customers.(45课)A. expanseB. spendC. warrantD. expense9. When all the present oilfields are__ , its is possible that the North Pole may become the scene of oil activity.(46课)A. exhibitedB. exhaustedC. exploitedD. exposed10. The man __ that most poets and scientists are male.（36课）A. deal withB. point outC. hold upD. hand on11.Whereas outside the USA, Coke tends to be a young person's drink, inside the USA anybody of any age can drink it on any__ without embarrassment.(17课)A. choiceB. occasionC. occupationD. occurrence12. The waiters will refill your coffee cup several times for no extra__(17)A. expandB. offerC. priceD. charge13. A professional degree will __ an average annual income of about twice that of college graduates.（45课）A. feel likeB. result inC. hold onD. keep to14. That caves of Altamira, which were __ in northern Spain, contain interesting paintings by early cave dwellers.A. foundB. inventedC. discoveredD. created15. A green building is __ to have reduced its environmental impact by 60% compared with an equivalent conventional building.(60课)A. establishedB. estimatedC. computedD. counter16. If you do not know the subject, you will not understand what is said or written, even if English is your mother __ what is said or writtenA. speakingB. languageC. sayingD. tongue17. You will find the figure of a conqueror or a general on all the highest __ in the great cities of the world.(29课)A. pillowsB. pillarsC. columnsD. plugs18. Personal worth and self-esteem is the basis of a good __ health.(33课)A. physicalB. mentalC. practicalD. natural19. If you suspect that the illness might be serious you should not __ going to the doctor.(大纲模拟试题四词汇第19题)A. put offB. hold backC. put asideD. hold up20. You'll have to buy some new shoes as these are __(模拟试题三词汇第3题)A. used upB. wasted awayC. broken downD. worn outII. Grammatical StructureDirections: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence thereare four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completesthe sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.21. I could see from his face that he__ bad news.A. had receivedB. receivesC. receivedD. has received22. The peasants __ their land.A. deprivedB. were deprivedC. deprived ofD. were deprived of23. He failed his exam, __ proved that he wasn't working hard enough.A. whatB. whichC. thisD. of which24. So frightened __ in darkness that she did not dare to move an inch.A. was the girlB. the girl wasC. such a girl wasD. that the girl was25. An Olympic Marathon is 26 miles and 385 yards, approximately__ from Marathon to Athens.A. the distanceB. distanceC. the distance isD. is the distance26. All flights __ because of the heavy storm, we decided to take the train.(来自《2009年GCT考试英语模拟试题一》)A. having canceledB. being canceledC. having been canceledD. canceled27. He preferred not to__ with that group.A. identifyingB. identify himselfC. identifyD. being identified himself28. He speaks English, but not __ his sister does.A. as good asB. as well likeC. so well asD. like well as29. My grandma noticed that the girl __ a short-sleeved dress, so she gave the girl a new sweater.(52课)A. was wornB. was wearingC. wearsD. wearing30. Though in New York, Peter had always preferred to record the plain facts of small town life.A. raisedB. was raisedC. raisingD. raises31. She walked softly __ make any noise.A. as toB. not toC. not so as toD. so as not to32. It's no use__ me. I don't know more than you do.A. in askingB. askingC. for me to askD. you ask33. We've bought a new house. We'll move in soon and we need to buy __ furniture.A. some otherB. anotherC. otherD. others34. Please have your doctor __ that prescription.A. signedB. to signC. signingD. sign35. A biologist does not merely describe organisms, but tries to learn __ act as they do.A. what to cause themB. what cause to themC. what causes them toD. causes them to what36. "Has he come back? .... Yes, he __ back for three days.A. has comeB. had comeC. isD. has been37. Ecology, __ the relationships between organisms and their environments, is also important in petroleum geology.(32课)A. the study ofB. it studyC. that studyD. studying38. If all the continents and mountains were bulldozed flat, the earth __ covered by water.(55课)A. would beB. would have beenC. would had beenD. would been39. Those __ have six or more close friends are likely to describe themselves as "very happy".(50课)A. whoB. whoseC. whichD. they40. Some habits of__ are incompatible with good health.A. my husbandB. my husbands'C. my husband'sD. my husbands出自课文《56.Why Antarctica Is Being Explored 为什么要勘探南极洲》and use. The Antarctica treaty applies to all areas (the high seas excepted) below latitude 60 degrees south. This line, running around the globe some2,000 miles from the South Pole itself, just misses the lower tip of South America,and is well below the Cape of Good Hope and New Zealand. There are a number ofsmall islands between this line and the Antarctic continent, but the waters here areknown to mariners as "the screaming Sixties" because there is so little obstruction tothe world-circling winds.In contrast, in the northern hemisphere, the lands lying above the sixtiethparallel of latitude include much of Scandinavia, Siberia and Alaska, all ofGreenland and Iceland, with a total population of several million. Great mountainshelp subdue the winds; a spur of the Gulf Stream and part of the Japan Currenttemper the frigid airs of this polar region. This, and the presence of the Arctic Oceanin the center of the great land mass, give the area a markedly different conformationand climate from that around the opposite pole.Antarctica seems a vast basin of rock, filled and overflowing with a load of ice.In the heart of the continent it is almost as high as the summits of the Alps, yetsoundings show that in some places the rock floor is below sea level.Actually, the ice accumulation is less than it was perhaps 1,000 years ago. Itsseaward flow is not so voluminous as it once was, and as a result there are patches ofbare rock here and there along the coast and inland. They were scoured clear of soilages ago, but one may sometimes find moss or lichens growing, though virtually noflowering plants.41. Unlike the North Pole, the South Pole isA. not fixed in one positionB. the same as the South Magnetic PoleC. on land covered with iceD. on water42. The large area in the southern hemisphere is taken up byA. the major part of South AmericaB. oceansC. AustraliaD. Africa43. The makers of the Antarctic Treaty clearly wanted toA. prevent the Russians from settling in AntarcticaB. prevent possession or control by any nationC. conserve its natural resourcesD. insure the safety of the natives of Antarctica44. Land animals on the Antarctic continentA. are insects onlyB. are relics of the prehistoric pastC. are fur-bearing animals and cold-bloodedD. exist only in the fossil stateQuestions 45 to 48 are based on the following passage:出自课本《11.Smoking and Cancer吸烟和癌》Americans smoke six thousand million cigarettes every year (1970 figures).This is roughly the equivalent of 4,195 cigarettes a year for every person in the country of 18 years of age or more. It is estimated that 51% of American men smoke compared with 34% of American women.Since 1939, numerous scientific studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard. Research teams have conducted studies that show beyond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking, particularly cigarette smoking is associated with a shortened life expectancy.Cigarette smoking is believed by most research workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of the throat. Male cigarette smokers have a higher death rate from heart disease thannon-smoking males. (Female smokers are thought to be less affected because they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply.) The majority of doctors and researchers consider these relationships proved their point and say, "Give up smoking. If you don't smoke--don't start!"Some doctors and research workers--though their small number is decreasedeven further--are less sure of the effect of cigarette smoking on health. They consider the increase in respiratory diseases and various forms of cancer may possibly be explained by other factors in the human environment--atmospheric pollution, increased nervous stress, chemical substance in processed food, or chemical pesticides that are now being used by farmers in large quantities to destroyinsects and small animals. Smokers who develop cancer or lung diseases, they say, may also, by coincidence, live in industrial areas or eat more canned food. Gradually, however, research is isolating all other possible factors and proving them to be statistically irrelevant.Apart from the scientific statistics, it might be helpful to look at what smoking tobacco actually does to the human body. Smoke is a mixture of gases, vaporized chemicals, small particles of ash, and other solids. There is also nicotine, which is a powerful poison, and black tar. As the smoke is breathed in, all these components form deposits on the membranes of the lungs. One point of concentration is where the air tube, or bronchus, divides. Most lung cancer begins at this point.Smoking also affects the heart and blood vessels. It is known to be related to Beurger's disease, a narrowing of the small vessels in the hands and feet that can cause great pain and lead even to the amputation of limbs.While all tobacco smoking affects life and expectancy and health, cigarette smoking appears to have a much greater effect than cigar or pipe smoking. However, nicotine consumption is not decreased by the latter forms, and current research shows a causal relationship between all forms of smoking and cancer of the mouth and throat. Filters and low tar tobacco are claimed to make smoking to some extent safer, but they can only reduce, not eliminate the hazards.45. What can we mainly get from the passage?A. Smoking is harmful to health.B. Women smokers are healthier than men smokers.C. The increased diseases have something to do with pollution.D. Smoking cigarettes is more harmful than smoking pipes.46. Cigarette smoking is believed by doctors to __A. reduce nervous stressB. causes lung and throat cancerC. make life shorter but excitingD. broaden the blood vessels47. Women smokers have a lower death rate than men smokers because __A. women smoke light cigarettesB. women smoke less cigarettesC. women's bodies can prevent nicotineD. women don't breathe in the smoke so deeply48. What is Beurger's disease?A. It is a kind of lung cancer.B. It happens in the hands and feet.C. It happens in the heart while smokingD. It is a kind of throat disease.Questions 49 to 52 are based on the following passage:（课外文章）From National to InternationalDo you have what it takes?It's our job to help you make that leap.The world is waiting. Are you ready?Is your small business ready to make that next step and expand abroad? A recent survey estimates that up to 40% of all small businesses are intending to do just that. Is your business making up this 40%? Making that move and expanding into the international market requires a different approach from the one you're used to. On a national level, it is often enough to sell the right products at the right price. Failure to adopt a different sales approach on the international market can often lead to failure as international customers expect different things. This is where we come in. The right knowledge and the right preparation can make all the difference on the international level.The main aspects of the program we offer are:1. How can weaknesses be identified and reduced?2. How are cultural differences handled in the business world?3. In-depth knowledge of district law, how does it help?4. How can we target the right kind of international customers and how can we finance this bigger, more complicated international operation?5. What can be done to create a foolproof business plan?Cost of the course:$2,000 per person. If 4 or more people apply from the same company, then discounts can be arranged. Course times can be changed to accommodate your employees' schedule. This course is fully accredited by some top level colleges and universities.49. Who will most likely benefit from this course?A. Anybody not interested in business administrationB. A small international business managerC. An individual running a small companyD. Any owner of an international business hoping to go domestic50. Why is there a danger of an international business failure?A. The price of shipping is too high.B. It takes too long to deliver products.C. International customers do not speak the same language.D. The business owner cannot understand the local market.51. What is NOT listed in the advertised program?A. How to pay the international workforceB. The best way to study international lawC. Cultural diversities that must be known exactlyD. What we should learn from our deficiencies52. What is the main advantage of participating in this study program?A. International travelB. Fixed schedule for the employeesC. The availability of discounts of 20%D. Credits that can be transferred to university coursesQuestions 53 to 56 are based on the following passage:（课外文章）With the widespread and still growing use of personal computers, typing has become an indispensable part of our ordinary lives. As a result, many users now findthey can't write even familiar words though they can type them quickly and correctly on a computer keyboard. To make matters worse, some people even forget how to write at all. Currently, 90 percent of students in America, a nation which has completely adapted to everyday use of computers and the Internet, are unable to write properly and clearly because they have been typing onto keyboards since early childhood. Many younger teachers also have trouble writing clearly on blackboard.A university student never imagined that he would lose the chance to get his first job because of his handwriting problem. Another student, for fear that she wouldn't be able to write well when doing the test papers for the university entrance examination, quit using a computer for two months before the exam."It is not surprising," an expert of psychological medicine said. "The occurrence can be attributed to several factors. Firstly, it's the result of social developments and the work needs of constant computer use. Secondly, it relates to introverted(内向的) personal character and lack of self-control abilities especially for those students who indulge in playing computer games."Experts also think that many activities on computers make people's thoughts simplified, which also affects their lives in other aspects, such as how they communicate with others and the way they think.Writing can strengthen human body's functions in psychology and physiology, which cannot be substituted by typing into a computer. Relevant research indicates that inscribing or drawing something on paper can leave a deep impression in the language processing areas of the central nervous system in the brain. This process does not occur when typing on a computer.Experts' tips are arranging work time well and paying particular attention to not working in front of the screen for long periods of time and trying to read books and writing down something, such as keeping a diary or making notes with a pen regularly--it's a good way to strengthen the formation of words in one's memory.53. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in this passage as a negative result ofa user's constant work at a computer?A. Harm for his physical conditions.B. Unsatisfactory personality.C. Problems in his communication with others.D. Deteriorated memory.54. According to the experts, __A. the user's problem in handwriting is helplessB. writing with a pen is also necessary besides typingC. computer users need more communication with othersD. there should be more healthful computer games available55. The word "tips" in the last paragraph means __A. warningsB. predictionsC. suggestionsD. analysis56. The title of this passage might be_A. Harms of Typing at the ComputerB. Keep Away From Your ComputerC. The Advantages of HandwritingD. Pick Up Your Pencils and WriteQuestions 57 to 60 are based on the following passage（课外文章，中石油职称英语网模拟考场“课外题库”阅读理解之一）In 1939 two brothers, Mac and Dick McDonald started a drive-in restaurant inSan Bernardino, California. They carefully chose a busy comer for their location.They had run their own businesses for years, first a theater, then a barbecuerestaurant, then another driven-in, but in their new operation, they offered a new,shortened menu: French fries, hamburgers, and sodas. To this minimal selection theyadded one new concept: quick service, no waiters or waitresses, and no tips.Their hamburgers sold for fifteen cents. Cheese was another four cents. TheirFrench fries and hamburgers had a remarkable uniformity, for the brothers haddeveloped a strict routine for the preparation of their food, and they insisted on theircooks' sticking to that routine. Their new drive-in became incredibly popular,particularly for lunch. People drove up by the hundreds during the busy noontime.The self-service restaurant was so popular that the brothers had allowed ten copiesof their restaurant to be opened. They were content with this modest success untilthey met Ray Kroc.Kroc was a salesman who met the McDonald brothers in 1954, when he wasselling milkshake-mixing machines. He quickly saw the unique appeal of thebrothers' fast-food restaurants and bought the right to franchise other copies of theirrestaurants. The agreement struck included the right to duplicate the menu, theequipment, even their red and white buildings with the golden arches.Today McDonald's is literally a household name. Its names for its sandwicheshave come to mean hamburger in the decades since the day Ray Kroc watchedpeople rush up to order fifteen-cent hamburgers. In 1976, McDonald's had over $1billion in total sales. Its first twenty-two years is one of the most incredible successstories in modern American business history.57. This passage is mainly about __A. the business careers of Mac and Dick McDonaldB. how the brothers developed the routine for the preparation of their foodC. Ray Kroc's business abilitiesD. the development of fast-food services58. We can conclude from this passage that __A. Mac and Dick McDonald never became wealthy because they sold their ideato KrocB. Ray Kroc was a good businessmanC. the location the McDonalds chose was the only source of the great popularityof their drive-inD. seventy years ago there were numerous fast-food restaurants59. The passage suggests that __A. creativity is an important element of successB. Ray Kroc spent long hours working in the first McDonald'sC. the McDonalds sold only fresh homegrown vegetablesD. California is the best place to go into business60. As used in Para.3, the word "franchise" meansA. to copyB. to grant a special rightC. to depriveD. to follow the exampleSection BDirections: There are 10 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.About nine men in every hundred 61 from color blindness in some way;women are luckier--only about one in two hundred is affected in this manner. Perhaps, after all, it is safer to be driven by a woman.There are different forms of color blindness. In some cases, a man may not beable to see deep red. He may think that red, orange and yellow are shades of green. Sometimes a person cannot 62 the difference between blue and green. In 63 cases, an unlucky man may see everything in shades of green--a 64 worldindeed.Sometimes color blindness can be dangerous. For example, when in the forest65 soldiers use 66 to signal to 67. A green light may mean" 68 "and a 69light may mean "Danger, keep back." You can seen what will 70 if somebodythinks that is green.61. A. fall ill B. suffer C. get D. lose62. A. tell B. say C. tall D. speak63. A. little B. less C. rare D. few64. A. beautiful B. ugly C. usual D. strange65. A. at the night B. at night C. at afternoon D. in the morning66. A. fire B. lights C. smoke D. flags67. A. another B. the other C. the enemy D. each other68. A. Advance B. Hazard C. On board D. Come back69. A. bright B. weak C. red D. deep green70. A. find B. cause C. happen D. disappearIV. TranslationDirections: There are some passages in this part of the test. You are to translate the passages into Chinese on your Answer Sheet.71.（第34 课：地震时刻）B级Earthquakes are the most terrible of all natural disasters. Asia has a history ofhuge earthquakes within its borders.What causes these earthquakes? To answer this question we must firstunderstand some things about the earth itself. The earth's crust is composed of many different layers of rocks. These layers of rocks are not laid evenly, as a bricklayer would build a wall. On the contrary, areas of the earth's crust are irregular and weak. As a result of the great stress that is put on these parts of the crust, the rock beds fold down towards the earth's core, which results in unstable spots along the earth's crust.This instability results in breaks along the crust. When a break occurs, or when two different sides of the crust rub against each other, the result is an earthquake. Geologists would like to be able to predict earthquakes accurately by usinglaser beams, gravity-measuring devices and some other devices. Should predictions of a quake in the future be accurate, many people may be able to save both their lives and their property.。

2011英语二真题及参考答案

2011年硕士研究生入学考试2011英语二真题及参考答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER S HEET 1. (10 points)The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has 1 across the Web.Can privacy be preserved 2 bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasingly 3 ?“1．2．3． A.careless wless C.pointless D.helpless4． A.reason B.reminder promise D.proposal5． rmation B.interference C.entertainment D.equivalent6． A.by B.into C.from D.over7． A.linked B.directed C.chained pared8． A.dismiss B.discover C.create D.improve9． A.recall B.suggest C.select D.realize10． A.relcased B.issued C.distributed D.delivered11． A.carry on B.linger on C.set in D.log in12． A.In vain B.In effect C.In return D.In contrast13． A.trusted B.modernized c.thriving peting14． A.caution B.delight C.confidence D.patience15． A.on B.after C.beyond D.across16． A.divided B.disappointed C.protected D.united17． A.frequestly B.incidentally C.occasionally D.eventually18． A.skepticism B.relerance C.indifference D.enthusiasm19． A.manageable B.defendable C.vulnerable D.invisible20． A.invited B.appointed C.allowed D.forcedSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40points)Text 1Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs’s board as an outside director in January 2000: a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much eroticis m. But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman’s compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time, she said.Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advi sers on a firm’s board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive’s proposals. If the sky, and the share price is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.The researchers from Ohio University used a database hat covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those “surprise” disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They fount that after a surprise departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increased by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they “trade up.” Leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular on campus.21. According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for .[A]gaining excessive profits[B]failing to fulfill her duty[C]refusing to make compromises[D]leaving the board in tough times22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be .[A]generous investors[B]unbiased executives[C]share price forecasters[D]independent advisers23. According to the researchers from Ohio University after an outside director’s surprise departure,the firm is likely to .[A]become more stable[B]report increased earnings[C]do less well in the stock market[D]perform worse in lawsuits24. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors .[A]may stay for the attractive offers from the firm[B]have often had records of wrongdoings in the firm[C]are accustomed to stress-free work in the firm[D]will decline incentives from the firm25. The author’s attitude toward the role of outside directors is .[A]permissive[B]positive[C]scornful[D]criticalText 2Whatever happened to the death of newspaper? A year ago the end seemed near. The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom. A merica’s Federal Trade commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers. Should they become charitable corporations? Should the state subsidize them ? It will hold another meeting soon. But the discussions now seem out of date.In much of the world there is the sign of crisis. German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession. Even A merican newspapers, which inhabit the most troubled come of the global industry, have not only survived but often returned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago, but profit all the same.It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard. The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13,500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007. Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs. Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and, sadly for many jo urnalists, they can be pushed further.Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses, with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2008, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development (OECD). In Japan the proportion is 35%. Not surprisingly, Japanese newspapers are much more stable.The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody, but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspaper are least distinctive. Car and film reviewers have gone. So have science and general business reporters. Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off. Newspapers are less complete as a result. But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business.26. By saying “Newspapers like … their own doom” (Lines 3-4, Para. 1), the author indicates thatnewspaper .[A]neglected the sign of crisis[B]failed to get state subsidies[C]were not charitable corporationsat the marriage bureaus.But when it came to their houses, it was a time of common sense and a belief that less could truly be more. During the Depression and the war, A mericans had learned to live with less, and that restraint, in combination with the postwar confidence in the future, made small, efficient housing positively stylish.Economic condition was only a stimulus for the trend toward efficient living. The phrase “less is more” was actually first popularized by a German, the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who like other people associated with the Bauhaus, a school of design, emigrated to the United States before World War IIand took up posts at American architecture schools. These designers came to exert enormous influence on the course of American architecture, but none more so that Mies.Mies’s signature phrase means that less decoration, properly organized, has more impact that a lot. Elegance, he believed, did not derive from abundance. Like other modern architects, he employed metal, glass and laminated wood-materials that we take for granted today buy that in the 1940s symbolized the future. Mies’s sophisticated presentation masked the fact that the spaces he designed were s mall and efficient, rather than big and often empty.The apartments in the elegant towers Mies built on Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive, for example, were s maller-two-bedroom units under 1,000 square feet-than those in their older neighbors along the city’s Gold Coast. But they were popular because of their airy glass walls, the views they afforded and the elegance of the buildings’ details and proportions, the architectural equivalent of the abstract art so popular at the time.The trend toward “less” was not entirely foreign. In the 1930s Frank Lloyd Wright started building more modest and efficient houses-usually around 1,200 square feet-than the spreadingtwo-story ones he had designed in the 1890s and the early 20th century.The “Case Study Houses” commissioned from talented modern architects by California Arts & Architecture magazine between 1945 and 1962 were yet another homegrown influence on the “less is more” trend. Aesthetic effect came from the landscape, new materials and forthright detailing. In his Case Study House, Ralph everyday life – few A merican families acquired helicopters, though most eventually got clothes dryers – but his belief that self-sufficiency was both desirable and inevitable was widely shared.31. The postwar A merican housing style largely reflected the Americans’ .[A]prosperity and growth[B]efficiency and practicality[C]restraint and confidence[D]pride and faithfulness32. Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 3 about Bauhaus?[A]It was founded by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe.[B]Its designing concept was affected by World War II.[C]Most American architects used to be associated with it.[D]It had a great influence upon American architecture.33. Mies held that elegance of architectural design .[A]was related to large space[B]was identified with emptiness[C]was not reliant on abundant decoration[D]was not associated with efficiency34. What is true about the apartments Mies building Chicago’s Lake Shore Drive?[A]They ignored details and proportions.[B]They were built with materials popular at that time.[C]They were more spacious than neighboring buildings.[D]They shared some characteristics of abstract art.35. What can we learn about the design of the “Case Study House”?[A]Mechanical devices were widely used.[B]Natural scenes were taken into consideration[C]Details were sacrificed for the overall effect.[D]Eco-friendly materials were employed.Text 4Will the European Union make it? The question would have sounded strange not long ago. Now even the project’s greatest cheerleaders talk of a continent facing a “Bermuda triangle” of debt, population decline and lower growth.As well as those chronic problems, the EU face an acute crisis in its economic core, the 16 countries that use the single currency. Markets have lost faith that the euro zone’s economies, weaker or stronger, will one day converge thanks to the discipline of sharing a single currency, which denies uncompetitive members the quick fix of devaluation.Yet the debate about how to save Europe’s single currency from disintegration is stuck. It is stuck because the euro zone’s dominant powers, France and Germany, agree on the need for greater harmonization within the euro zone, but disagree about what to harmonies.Germany thinks the euro must be saved by stricter rules on borrow spending and competitiveness, barked by quasi-automatic sanctions for governments that do not obey. These might include threats to freeze EU funds for poorer regions and EU mega-projects and even the suspension of a country’s voting rights in EU ministerial councils. It insists that economic co-ordination should involve all 27 members of the EU club, among whom there is a small majority for free-market liberalism and economic rigour; in the inner core alone, Germany fears, a small majority favour French interference.A “southern” camp headed by French wants something different: ”European economic government” within an inner core of euro-zone members. Translated, that means politicians intervening in monetary policy and a system of redistribution from richer to poorer members, via cheaper borrowing for governments through common Eurobonds or complete fiscal transfers. Finally, figures close to the France government have murmured, curo-zone members should agree to some fiscal and social harmonization: e.g., curbing competition in corporate-tax rates or labour costs.It is too soon to write off the EU. It remains the world’s largest trading block. At its best, the European project is remarkably liberal: built around a single market of 27 rich and poor countries, its internal borders are far more open to goods, capital and labour than any comparable trading area. It is an ambitious attempt to blunt the sharpest edges of globalization, and make capitalism benign.36. The EU is faced with so many problems that .[A] it has more or less lost faith in markets[B] even its supporters begin to feel concerned[C] some of its member countries plan to abandon euro[D] it intends to deny the possibility of devaluation37. The debate over the EU’s single currency is stuck because the dominant powers .[A] are competing for the leading position[B] are busy handling their own crises[C] fail to reach an agreement on harmonization[D] disagree on the steps towards disintegration38. To solve the euro problem ,Germany proposed that .[A] EU funds for poor regions be increased[B] stricter regulations be imposed[C] only core members be involved in economic co-ordination[D] voting rights of the EU members be guaranteed39. The French proposal of handling the crisis implies that __ __.［A］poor countries are more likely to get funds［B］strict monetary policy will be applied to poor countries［C］loans will be readily available to rich countries［D］rich countries will basically control Eurobonds40. Regarding the future of the EU, the author seems to feel __ __.［A］pessimistic［B］desperate［C］conceited［D］hopefulPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by finding information from the right column that corresponds to each of the marked details given in the left column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answer on ANSWER S HEET 1. (10 points)46．Direction：In this section there is a text in English. Translate it into Chinese, write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15points)Who would have thought that, globally, the IT industry produces about the same volumes of greenhouse gases as the world’s airlines do-rough 2 percent of all CO2 emissions?Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2 depending on how many attempts are needed to get the “right” answer. To deliver results to its users quickly, then, Google has to maintain vast data centres round the world, packed with powerful computers. While producing large quantities of CO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centres need to be well air-conditioned, which uses even more energy. However, Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements. Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction, but there is much to be done, and not just by big companies.TEXT 1 参考答案21．A。

2011年考研英语真题答案及解析

2011年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）答案详解Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析文章出自2009年4月的《科学美国人》（Scientific American）,作者Steve Ayan,原文题目为How Humor Makes You Friendlier,Sexier：幽默如何使你更加有人缘且性感。

文章主要探讨了笑的作用以及情感和肌肉反应之间的相互关系。

第一段由古希腊哲学家亚里士多德的观点引出“笑是有益于健康的身体运动”。

第二、三段承接上文，阐述了笑能放松肌肉，从而帮助减轻心理紧张的程度。

第四段以在1988年公布的一项实验为例论证了情绪是肌肉反应的结果，笑这一行为可以使心情好转。

二、试题解析1.[A]among在……之中[B]except除了[C]despite尽管[D]like像，如同【答案】[C]【考点】上下文逻辑关系+介词辨析【解析】第一段第一句意思是：古希腊哲学家亚里士多德把笑看作是“有益于健康的身体运动”，由连词but可知，第二句与第一句形成语义转折，即一些人提出相反的观点：笑不利于身体健康。

第二句逗号之后又提出：笑可能对身体健康几乎没有影响，这是对前两种观点的否定，由此判断第二句的句内逻辑是转折关系，[A]、[B]、[C]、[D]四个选项中只有[C]despite“尽管”表示转折，所以是正确答案。

2.[A]reflect反映[B]demand要求[C]indicate表明，预示[D]produce产生，引起【答案】[D]【考点】上下文语义衔接+动词辨析【解析】上下文语境是“笑确实能对心血管功能短期的改变”，具体说明笑对身体产生的影响。

所选动词要与后面的changes构成动宾关系，并且带有“发生……作用，产生……效果”的含义。

四个选项中[A]reflect“反映”，[B]demand“要求”，[C]indicate“表明，暗示”，[D]produce“产生”，只有[D]选项“产生、引起”符合本句语境，所以是正确答案。

2011年GCT英语真题及经典解析

2011GCT外语运用能力测试（英语）真题(50题，每小题2分，满分100分)Part I Vocabulary and Structure1、A new report is usually very short, when it is about something very important.A. besidesB. exceptC. apart fromD. except for2、In this advanced course, students are required to take performance test at monthly .A、gapsB、lengthsC、distancesD、intervals3、American women were the right to vote until 1920.A、ignoredB、refusedC、derivedD、denied4、Seldom any mistakes during my past few years of working there.A、would I makeB、have I madeC、I madeD、shall I make5、The proposal seems to oppose the government economic policy.A、designedB、to designC、have designedD、to have designed6、If the car you have rented is clearly unsatisfactory, you can always it for another.A. shiftB. exchangeC. switchD. replace7、Every manager needs a secretary that he can to take care of something that may occur inhis absence.A. bring onB. hold onC. count onD. focus on8、This shirt is a real bargain because it is good in quality and in price.A. valuableB. remarkableC. availableD. reasonable9、shopping for clothes is not the same experience for a man it is for a woman.A. whenB. thatC. asD. than10、Nina back home if she had known that her husband would go to the bus stop to meet her.A. couldn’t have walkedB. shouldn’t have walkedC. mustn’t have walkedD. wouldn’t have walkedPart Two Reading ComprehensionQuestion 11-15 are based on the following passage:Happiness is becoming a huge area in psychological research and even in government policy, with the UK government exploring a “happiness index”. It’s tough, t hough, to define exactly what happiness is, and what makes us happy.There are two broad ways of looking at happiness: short-term happiness (a great cookie, a bottle of wine) and long-term happiness (financial security, achieving your goals). Both types of happiness are valid, and important. The problem is, they’re often in competition.Let’s say you’ve got a goal of losing 50 pounds this year. You know you’d be happier and healthier if you weren’t carrying that extra weight. To achieve long-term happiness, you need to go on a diet. In the short-term, though, it’s not that easy. A chocolate cake, or a large glass of wine, might seem like just the thing to cheer you up at the end of a long day –or to celebrate with friends. It’s the same with lots of o ther goals.If you’ve got a tendency to prioritize long-term happiness at the expense of day to day pleasures, you should start look for some small ways to bring a little joy back into your life. I am not suggesting that you go out and get drunk every night, or that you stuff yourself with cake. There are plenty of other ways to enjoy yourself. Don’t pin all your hopes of happiness on some far-off future, though. There’s no point working a 60-hour week and making yourself thoroughly miserable in the belief that things will be perfect as soon as you’re making a six-figure salary.11.A proper title for the passage is “ ”A、Happy ThereafterB、Beyond HappinessC、Happiness In, Happiness OutD、Happy Now or in the Future?12.Paragraph 2 is mainly about .A、what make us HappyB、how to understand happinessC、How we can be happierD、what happiness can bring us13. The example in paragraph 3 is meant to emphasize that .A、both short-term happiness and long-term happiness are importantB、we tend to seek short-term happiness instead of long-term happinessC、people prefer long-term happiness to short-term happinessD、short-term happiness may contradict long-term happiness14.The word “prioritize”(last paragraph) probably means “ ”.A、treat something as more important than othersB、improve something’s value or qualityC、put extra emphasis on somethingD、look for something that is difficult to find15.The author suggests in the last paragraph that sacrificing short-term happiness for long-termhappiness .A. works wellB. can be justifiedC. is not worthwhileD. makes no differenceQuestions 16-20 are based on the following passage:Thanks to the introduction of new drugs, many of the early problems in organ transplants, such as tissue rejection, have, to a great extent, now been solved. However, there remains a major problem. The people in need of transplant surgery far outnumber the available organs.Many countries, such as Britain, have huge waiting lists of people whose lives could be saved by being given a kidney, lung, heart, or liver transplant. Sadly, many of them die before they reach the top of those lists.Under the present British policy, people are asked to carry donor（捐赠人）cards, and/or put their names on the national donor register. Thus, if they lose their lives suddenly, for example, in a traffic accident, they have given permission in advance of their deaths for their organs to be used. If they have not done so, surgeons are faced with the task of asking the grieved relatives for permission to use the organs of the dead. Of course, often the relatives are too upset even to think of such a thing until it is too late. Organ transplants have to take place quite soon after the death of the donor.Dying and donating organs is not something most of us like to think about, and only about 14% of people have registered. Now it has been suggested that, instead of the present register,there should be a register of potential donors who haven’t made up their minds.16. Nowadays a major problem in transplant surgery is .A. the shortage of qualified doctorsB. the lack of transplant organsC. tissue rejectionD. immature techniques17. It can be inferred from the passage that transplant organs most likely come from .A. people who die in fatal accidentsB. criminals who are sentenced to deathC. patients who die from serious diseasesD. people who are mentally healthy18. What is the advantage of registering in advance to donate organs?A. The transplant may take place soon after the death of the donor.B. The donor’s relatives would agree with the surgery.C. More people would choose donation of their organs after death.D. Surgeons will not be liable to any legal consequences.19. The low percentage of people who have registered to donate organs indicates that .A. the present register system doesn’t workB. dying and donating organs is an unpleasant issueC. very few people know how to donate their organsD. permission from relatives is hard to obtain20. What has been proposed to get more donor organs?A. Asking more people to register to donate organs after death.B. Having more people carry donor cards when they get around.C. Encouraging more people to consider organ donation through registering.D. Getting more people to donate organs by offering huge monetary rewards.Questions 21-25 are based on the following passage:Recently, the American Heart Association surveyed 1000 people nationwide about their thoughts on sodium and heart health. 61% said that they believed sea salt was a low-sodium alternative to table salt. They can be forgiven for thinking so. Sea salt is marketed as a healthy food, added to soups, potato chips and a wide variety of packaged snacks labeled “low sodium”, “all natural” and “healthy”. But in reality, sea salt and table salt are not terribly different, at least chemically. The real differences are in how the two are used in cooking.Table salt comes from underground salt deposits. Companies that sell it typically add something to keep it from clumping（结块）. During processing, table salt is stripped of many of its natural minerals. Sea salt, on the other hand, is made from evaporated seawater. With little processing, it retains most of its minerals, which some cooks say give it a better flavor.But both contain the same amount of sodium chloride（氯化钠）by weight, which means they contribute equally to total sodium consumption and have the same effect on blood pressure. Officials recommend that adults consume no more than 2300 milligrams of sodium a day, equivalent to a teaspoon of salt. You should eat less if you are black, hypertensive（患高血压的）or older than 40. Yet most Americans consume more than double the amount they need, mostlyfrom processed foods, so it is best to limit salt-of any kind.21. According to the survey, more than half the people believe that .A. table salt should be used in cookingB. it is necessary to eat sea saltC. sea salt is a high-sodium productD. sea salt is a healthier choice than table salt22. The difference between table salt and sea salt lies in that table salt .A. contains less natural mineral than sea saltB. forms clumps more easily than sea saltC. tastes better than sea saltD. goes through less processing than sea salt23. The word “strip” in Para.2 is closest in meaning to “”.A. breakB. addC. removeD. change24. According to the passage, the pr oper amount of salt consumption is related to one’s .A. appetiteB. ageC. sexD. weight25. According to the passage, Americans .A. consume much more salt than they actually needB. consume about 2300 milligrams of salt a dayC. prefer fresh food to salted processed foodD. try to limit their salt consumption of any kindQuestions 26-30 are based on the following chart:C. the applicant accepts the company’s offerD. the company finishes training for its new staff30. What does “ Com.” in “Com. Offer” possibly mean?A. ConfirmB. CompanyC. CompensateD. CommunicatePart Three ClozeDirections:There are ten blanks in the following passage. For each numbered blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Where do our favorite foods come from? The truth may 31 you. Did you know curry(咖喱) isn’t Indian? Did you know Americans weren’t the 32 to eat hamburgers? Or did you know pizza wasn’t created in Italy?First, let’s talk about curry. Many people think the English found out about curry from people in India in the 1600s. But 33 , wealthy English people were cooking with curry spices hundreds of years 34 British ships traveled to India. In fact, the word “ curry” can be found in the English language as far back as 1377. Cooks of wealthy English families created curry dishes, and later these 35 caught on in other parts of England.36 pizza, this dish was probably first made in Persia (what is now Iran). The Persians were eating round, flat bread with cheese in the 500s – nearly one thousand years before pizza caught on in Naples, Italy!Finally, let ’s look at the truth b ehind 37 . Many people think hamburgers are an American food. However, 38 some stories, hamburgers came from Hamburg, Germany. A German named Ouo Kuasw made the first hamburgers in 1891. Four years later, German sailors 39 hamburgers to Americans.Where foods come from isn’t nearly as 40 as how they taste – delicious! So, go get some of your favorite food and dig in.31. A. upset B. surprise C. annoy D. inspire32. A. ones B. last C. first D. nation33. A. in detail B . in short C. in turn D. in reality34. A. before B . after C. when D. while35. A. cooks B. families C. dishes D. places36. A. Compared to B. As for C. But for D. In addition to37. A. chips B. pizza C. curry D. hamburgers38. A. according to B. owing to C. in case of D. in spite of39. A. carried B. introduced C. transported D. moved40. A. good B. far C. important D. longPart Four Dialogue CompletionDirections:In this part, there are ten short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that most appropriately suits the conversational context and the best completes the dialogue. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.41. A: I went to a date with Sammy last weekend.B: Really? ?A: I couldn’t ask for a better night.A. Is she niceB. How was itC. Is it a beautiful nightD. Did you like her42. Student: How long can I keep the book?Librarian:.A. Any period longer than four weeks, you will be finedB. You can check it on the computer over thereC. Four weeks, but you can renew it if you need it longerD. At most four weeks if you don’t mind43. A:Hello, Ann, do you still remember you said you’d like to see the actor of the movie Titanic?B:A: He is here at our university now.A. No, I don’t.B. Yes, why?C. Yes, so what?D. No, I don’t like him.44. A: Please remember me to your parents.B: .A. They remember seeing you onceB. Thanks a lot. I willC. I am afraid they have poor memoriesD. You can contact them directly45. Teacher: Are you following me?Student:A. I’m afraid not.B. Can you walk slowly, please?C. Let me think of it.D. Who knows?46. Receiver: Would you like to leave a message? I ’ll let Mr. Cohen know as soon as he comes back.Caller: .A. I hope he will call me backB. No. I’ll call somebody elseC. I don’t think it ’s appropriateD. Don’t bother. I’ll try his call47. David:If things go on like this. I’ll start preparing my re sume again.Colleague:e on. It ’s not that bad.B.Yes, you are good at itC.Really? Congratulations!D.It’s none of my business.48. Wife: Honey, we have only one egg and half a bottle of milk in the fridge. Oh, and we are running out of toilet paper…Husband:A. Ok, ok. I’ll go to the store right now.B. Yes, honey. Let me know what I can do.C. What’s missing, dear?D. Sure, I’ll get more next time.49. Man: It’s a long journey. You look tired.？Woman: Yes. Could you take that suitcase, please?Man: Sure.A. Where’s your luggageB. How can I help youC. May I help you with anythingD. Do you mind may help50. A: Can you keep an eye on my bag?B:A: No. I’m going to the bathr oom.A. Sure. What is it?B. Oh. Do you want a favor?C. Go ahead. No problem.D. Sure. Will you be long?【2011年GCT英语参考答案】1．【答案】B【解析】本题考查常用介词辨析。

2011年考研英语二真题全文翻译答案超详解析

2011年考研英语二真题全文翻译答案超详解析2011 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文是一篇说明性的文章，主要讨论了互联网上的身份验证问题。

作者首先提出，由于网络用户的匿名现象带来的隐私泄露和网络犯罪问题，然后针对这些问题介绍了一种称为“自愿信任身份识别”系统的解决方法，并对这种方法做了评述。

二、试题解析1.【答案】A【解析】本题目考生需要关注两点：（1）空格前的主语（2）空格后的介词短语。

鉴于此，考生需要从四个选项中选出一个不及物动词，能与空格前的主语that（指代the explosion of cyber crime 网络犯罪的激增）构成主谓逻辑，并与空格后的介词短语across the Web 构成动宾逻辑。

A 项swept（打扫，席卷）可以做不及物动词，并能与空前的主语和空后的介词短语构成顺畅的逻辑关系，即在文中表示“匿名制是造成网络犯罪席卷互联网的原因”，故A为正确答案。

B 项skip 意为“跳过，掠过”；C 项walk 意为“走，步行”；D 项ride 意为“骑，乘，驾”虽可做不及物动词，但与空前主语和空后介词短语不构成完整的主谓搭配和动宾搭配，都是干扰项。

2.【答案】C【解析】本题目考生需要重点关注空格后的状语从句，状语从句引导词的选择主要考虑从句与主句之间的语意关系。

空格所在句子的主句是privacy be preserved（隐私得以保护），从句是省略了主语和助动词的bringing safety and security to the world（带来网络世界的安全），由此可以推断本句是要表达“在给世界带来安全保障的同时，隐私是否能够得以保护呢？”，C 项while 意为“在……的同时，当……的时候”，可以表示伴随关系，故为正确答案。

A 项for 表示因果关系；B 项within 表示“在……里面，不超出”；D 项though 表示让步关系；在搭配上与doing并无典型用法，此外带入空格，整个句子逻辑也很不通顺，故为干扰选项。

2011广东成人学位英语考试真题及答案

2011年广东学位英语考试试题及答案PartⅠ Vocabulary and Structure (25 points, 30 minutes)Directions: There are 50 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.1. By 1929, Mickey Mouse was as popular ____ children as Coca Cola.A) for B) with C) to D) in2. When you buy anything expensive, never forget to ask for the ____ from the shop.A) receipt B) trust C) render D) tale3. The financial support is decided not only according to your GRE score, but also according to your ____ in college.A) intelligence B) policy C) performance D) statement4. Professor Smith is also the ____ of the international program office. If you have any problem when you study here, you may go to him for help.A) detective B) president C) manager D) director5. We do not have a ____ school in our institute. The highest degree we provide for the students is a B. A. and a B. S. .A) graduate B) high C) grade D) continue6. Paper clips, drawing pins and safety-pins were ____ all over the floor.A) separated B) sprayed C) spilled D) scattered7. I am writing ____ my mother to express her thanks for your gift.A) in memory of B) on behalf of C) with respect to D) on account of8. In considering men for jobs in our firm, we give ____ to those with some experience.A) privilege B) advice C) prize D) preference9. She is ____ a musician than her brother.A) much of B) much as C) more of D) more as10.The assignments are too hard. I can't ____ the work.A) keep up with B) catch up with C) come up with D) put up with11. Robert Spring, a 19th century forger, was so good at his profession that he was able to make his living for 15 years by selling ____ signatures of famous Americans.A) artificial B) genuine C) false D) natural12.In 1890 there were many American cities and towns where part of a day's school instruction was conducted in language ____ English.A) more than B) other than C) except that D) except for13.The problem will be discussed at length in the ____ Chapter.A) consequent B) latter C) late D) subsequent14.They are members of the club by ____ of their great wealth.A) virtue B) way C) means D) word15.The value of the industrial ____ dropped from about 70 billion dollars to slightly more than 31 billion.A) outcome B) outlook C) output D) outset16.Scientists believe that color blindness is a(n) ____ defect, and there is no cure for it.A) retained B) inherited C) received D) infected17.She was glad that her success would ____ for the women who would follow.A) be easier to make B) make it easier C) be easier D) make things easier18.Fred says that his present job does not provide him with enough ____ for his organizing ability.A) scope B) space C) capacity D) extent19.San Francisco is usually cool in the summer, but Los Angeles ____.A) is rarely B) hardly is C) rarely is D) is scarcelly20.You've been overworking recently, and would find a holiday ____.A) fortunate B) essential C) profitable D) beneficial21.____ you are familiar with the author's ideas, try reading all the sections as quickly as you possibly can.A) Ever since B) Now that C) So that D) As long as22.The people didn't trust Senator Maxwell , otherwise he ____.A) would have re-elected B) would have been re-electedC) must have been re-elected D) were to be re-elected23.Go straight into the cave and find out what's in there, ____?A) will you B) don't you C) do you D) can you24.The old man was shocked to learn that his illness could result in death if ____ untreated.A) to leave B) to be left C) leaving D) left25.Our teacher recommend that we ____ as attentive as possible when we visit the museum.A) are B) be C) were D) shall be26.The old man came upstairs with great strength , his right hand ____ a stick for support.A) held B) holding C) being holding D) was holding27.My wife said in her letter that she would appreciate ____ from you sometime.A) hearing B) to hear C) having heard D) to have heard28.It ____ around nine o'clock when I drove back home because it was already dark.A) had to be B) was to be C) must be D) must have been29.If you act ____ the doctor's advice ,you won't get well again.A) aside from B) contrary to C)capable of D) prior to30.Visitors coming for short periods of time do not always experience ____ intense emotions ____ visitors who live in foreign countries for longer terms.A) the same … as B) both … and C) either... or D) so … that31.Urban mothers had difficulty ____ their children into child care facilities.A) get B) to get C) in getting D) for getting32.If it ____ too much trouble, I'd love a cup of tea.A) isn't B) wasn't C) weren't D) hadn't been33.The population of many Alaskan cities has ____ doubled in the past three years.A)larger than B)as great as C)more than D)as many as34.All that can be done ____.A)have been done B)have done C)has done D)has been done35.A person beating a drum or blowing a trumpet causes vibrations in the air ____ sound waves.A) calls B) called C) is called D) are called36.These national parks are very important for preserving many animals, who would ____ run the risk of becoming extinct.A) otherwise B) nevertheless C) therefore D) instead37.They had an accident on the road and didn't ____ at their hotel until after midnight.A) show off B) check in C) check out D) drop out38.After his leave Tom went back on duty to ____ his soldiers.A) put in charge of B) be charged with C) be taken in charge by D) take charge of39.The three rows at the front are ____ for guests.A) conserved B) deposited C) reserved D) stored40.One thing it's safe to say about robots is that anything you can write about them will already be ____ by the time it's read. That's how fast robot technology is developing.A) out of order B) out of date C) out of control D) out of sight41.The autumn air felt ____ so he went to fetch a coat.A) cool B) severe C) harsh D) chilly42.A managing director cannot expect to have much time to ____ to purely personal matters.A) reserve B) spare C) concentrate D) devote43.His enthusiasm for the plan seems to have ____, for he never speaks about it any more.A) worn off B) got down C) fallen out D) used up44.With the spring here you can ____ these ski boots till you need them again next winter.A)put away B)get rid of C) give away D)do away with45.No artistic creation can achieve greatness if ____ from life.A) resulted B) escaped C) divorced D) shielded46.The Petersons have a very ____ daughter. She is always running and jumping.A) quiet B) vigorous C) naughty D) mischievous47.If you like a large print of your photograph we can blow it ____ for you.A) up B) through C) out D) over48.The speaker agreed to ____ from the position that he had just stated.A) return B) jump C) withdraw D) retreat49.Some hobbies can only be ____ by rich people.A) taken in B) taken on C) taken up D) taken over50.I think it is only by a ____ of imagination that you say you have seen a ghost.A) pinch B) lack C) shortage D) stretchPartⅡ Reading Comprehension (45 points, 50 minutes)Directions: There are 6 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage 1Question 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:Censorship (审查制度) is for the good of society as a whole. Imagine what chaos there would be if we lived in a society without laws. Like the law, censorship contributes to the common good.Some people think that it is disgraceful that a censor should interfere with works of art. Who is this person, they say, to ban this great book or cut that great film? No one can set himself up as a superior being. But we must remember two things. Firstly, where genuine works of art are concerned, modern censors are extremely liberal in their views----often far more liberal than a large section of the public. Artistic merit is something which censors clearly recognize. And secondly, we must bear in mind that the great proportion of books, plays and films which come before the censor are very far from being "works of art". When discussing censorship, therefore, we should not confine our attention to great masterpieces, but should consider the vast numbers of publications and films which make up the bulk (大部分) of the entertainment industry. When censorship laws are relaxed, dishonest people are given a licence to produce virtually anything in the name of "art". There is an increasing tendency to equate "artistic" with "pornographic" (色情的).So one of the great things that censorship does is to prevent certain people from making fat profits by corrupting the minds of others. Society would really be poorer if it deprived itself of the wise counsel and the restraining influence which a censor provides.51.A censor's duty is ____.A) to see there is no filthy content in publications or filmsB) to ban books and cut filmsC) to distinguish works of art from othersD) to make sure that no licence is given to dishonest people52.Some people are against censorship for the reason that ____.A) censorship is not consistent with the ideals of democracyB) censors prevent people from making profitsC) censors are conservative and cannot appreciate artistic meritD) censorship limits the way people feel and think53.When the writer says "to equate 'artistic' which 'pornographic', he means ____.A) there is no clear distinction between what is artistic and what is pornographicB) masterpieces are sometimes offensive to decencyC) many pornographic works will be published in the name of artD) artistic works and pornographic works have the same market value54.According to the writer, a society free from censorship ____.A) would be poor materiallyB) would expose its people to dangers of being corruptedC) could not develop its entertainment industryD) would allow only a small section of people to make profits55.All the following are the writer's views except that ____.A) censors are fully qualified for their jobB) masterpieces even with pornographic content are still masterpiecesC) society will not do without censorshipD) many books, plays and films are not works of artPassage 2Question 56 to 60 are based on the following passage:A few weeks ago I was talking to a school inspector in one of the more fashionable districts of Paris. She astonished me by saying that if she had young children today, she'd probablysend them to a private school. She had devoted 25 years of her life to the ideal of free public education, she said, but the truth was the state system was in a mess.There are two main problems: State schools in France have to accept whatever teachers are assigned to them by the Ministry of Education. As my school inspector friend put it, "one year a school may be excellent; three or four years later, half the teachers may be incapable!" That is not very reassuring if you're a parent. Private schools can choose their own teachers.The other problem is discipline or, rather, the lack of it. Not long ago a school in Birmingham made headlines in Britain because the teachers were being terrorized by their pupils. In the desolate suburbs of low-cost apartment blocks, thrown together in the 1960s on the outskirts of most big French cities, such stories are commonplace. Vandalism(破坏他人财产的行为), drug-taking and extortion aren't limited to schools in poor areas either. A recent poll found that 88 per cent of French children rate as the biggest problem of their school lives the prevalence (流行, 猖獗)of factions and gangs which spend all their time fighting one another. Small wonder, then, that the private schools, with their emphasis on traditional values, are undergoing a new surge of popularity (despite disapproval from France's new socialist leaders), and competition to get into the best of them has now become intense.56.The French school inspector has long been a supporter of ____.A) compulsory education B) free private educationC) private schools D) the state school system57.The French state education system ____.A) does not guarantee the competence of teachers B) seems to have no serious difficultiesC) is running smoothly D) promises to maintain high standards58.Private schools in France today ____.A) are generally undergoing changes for the worseB) enjoy the prestige(声望) of becoming the place to send one's children toC) have become victims of vandalismD) never hire teachers who stress traditional valuesck of discipline among students is rampant in state schools ____.A) in the Paris slums, but not in other areasB) noticeably and solely in the poorer areas in French citiesC) almost everywhere in FranceD) rather restricted to Birmingham60.France children who wish to go to the best private schools can do so by ____.A) taking highly competitive examinations B) simply sending in applications C) joining factions and gangs D) drawing lotsPart Ⅲ Cloze ( 10 points, 15 minutes )Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the One that the best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the cettre.Today vegetables, fish, fruit, meat and beer are canned in enormous quantities. Withinthree generations the 81 habits of millions have been revolutionized. Foods that were previously 82 may now be eaten at any time, and strange foods are 83 far from the countries where they are 84 . The crops many farmers now produce often depend on the nearness of a canning factory.The first stage in the canning 85 is the preparation of the raw food. Diseased and waste portions are thrown 86 ; meat and fish are cleaned and trimmed; fruit and vegetables washed and graded for 87 . The jobs are principally 88 by machine.The next stage, for vegetables only, is soak in very 89 or boiling water for a short time to remove air and 90 the vegetable. This makes 91 easier to pack into cans for sterilization (free from living germs).Some packing machines fill 92 to 400 cans a minute. Fruit, fish and meat are packed raw and cold into cans, and then all the air is removed. 93 the cans are sealed, the pressure inside each can is only about half the pressure of the outside air. The sterilization process which follows the cans are subjected 94 steam or boiling water, with the temperature and time 95 according to the type of food. Cans of fruit, for example, 96 only 5-10 minutes in boiling water, 97 meat and fish are cooked at higher temperatures for 98 period. After sterilization, the cans are cooled quickly to 32 degree to prevent the contents 99 becoming too soft.The final stage before sending off to the grocer is labeling, and packing the tins into boxes. Nowadays, however, labeling is often printed on in 100 by the can-maker and no paper labels are then required.81.A) eat B) eatable C) eaten D) eating82.A) monthly B) year-round C) seasonal D) quarterly83.A) accessible B) obtained C) available D) usable84.A) planting B) grown C) growing D) producing85.A) process B) reaction C) procession D) program86.A) about B) away C) down D) up87.A) size B) length C) height D) breadth88.A) had B) fulfilled C) pocked D) done89.A) chilly B) cold C) hot D) freezing90.A) soften B) cook C) steam D) harden91.A) them B) it C) us D) that92.A) up B) down C) in D) on93.A) When B) If C) Although D) Before94.A) on B) to C) in D) at95.A) varies B) vary C) varied D) varying96.A) cost B) spend C) take D) consume97.A) as B) because C) while D) for98.A) less B) longer C) shorter D) more99.A) off B) through C) by D) from100. A) fashion B) before hand C) advance D) practicePart IV English-Chinese Translation (20 points, 15 minutes)Directions: In this part, there are six items which you should translate into Chinese, each item consisting one or more sentences. They are all taken from the reading passage you have just read.①(line 1-3, para. 3, passage 1 ) When discussing censorship, therefore, we should not confine our attention to great masterpieces, but should consider the vast numbers of publications and films which make up the bulk (大部分) of the entertainment industry.②(line 2-3, para. 2, passage 2 ) As my school inspector friend put it, "one year a school may be excellent; three or four years later, half the teachers may be incapable!"③(line 5-7, para. 2, passage 3 ) He must serve as a man responsible for the fortune he has earned and use that fortune to provide greater opportunity for all and to increase man’s knowledge of himself and of his un iverse.④(line 2-4, para. 2, Passage 4 ) It is just one of several techniques being tried at U.S. medical schools and hospitals in an attempt to deal with the most universal complaint about doctors: lack of sympathy.⑤(line 6-9, para. 1, Passage 5 ) Differentials(差异)in infant mortality were very large---75 per cent higher in poverty than in nonpoverty areas. In both cases, the differences between white and nonwhite were even more substantial than between poverty and nonpoverty areas.⑥(line 3-4, para. 4, passage 6) Monitoring by computer has proven to be very accurate and increases early discovery of life threatening events.Part V &n, bsp; Writing (20 points, 35 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 35 minutes to write a composition on the topic Diligence is the Father of Success. You should write at least 120 words and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below.。

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2011GCT年英语真题及参考答案（A卷）第四部分外语运用能力测试（英语）A卷（50 题，每小题2 分，满分100 分）Part One Vocabulary and StructureDirections:There are ten incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1. If the car you have rented is clearly unsatisfactory, you can always it for another.A. shift B . exchange C . switch D. replace2. Every manager needs a secretary that he can to take care of something that may occurin his absence.A. bring on B . hold on C . count on D. focus on3. The shirt is a real bargain because it is good in quality and in price.A. valuable B . remarkable C . available D. reasonable4. Shopping for cloths is not the same experience for a man it is for a woman.A. when B . that C . as D. than5. Nina back home if she had known that her husband would go to the bus stop to meet her.A. couldn’t have walked B . shouldn’t have walkedC . mustn’t have walked D. wouldn’t have walked6. A news report is usually very short, when it is about something very important.A. besides B . except C . apart from D. except for7. In this advanced course, students are required to take performance tests at monthly .A. gaps B . lengths C . distances D. intervals8. American women were the right to vote until 1920.A. ignored B . refused C . derived D. denied9. Seldom any mistakes during my past few years of working there.A. would I make B . have I made C . I made D. shall I make10. The proposal seems to oppose the government economic policy.A. designed B . to designC . have designed D. to have designedPart Two Reading ComprehensionDirections:In this part there are three passages and one chart, each followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Questions 11-15 are based on the following passage:Happiness is becoming a huge area in psychological research and even in government policy, with the UK government exploring a “ happiness index” . It is tough, though, to define exactly what happiness is, and what makes us happy.There are two broad ways of looking at happiness: short-term happiness (a great cookie, a bottle of wine) and long-happiness (financial security, achieving your goals). Both types of happiness are valid, and important. The problem is, they’re often in competition.Let’s say you’ve got a goal of losing 50 pounds this year. You know you’d be happier and health ier if you weren’t carrying that extra weight. To achieve long-term happiness, you need to go on a diet. In the short-term, though, it’s not that easy.A chocolate cake, or a large glass of wine, might just the thing to cheer you up at the end of a long day - or to celebrate with friends. It’s the same with lots of other goals.It you’ve got a tendency to prioritize long-term happiness at the expense of day-to -day pleasures, you should start looking for some small ways to bring a little joy back into your life. I am not suggesting that you go out and get drunk every night, or that you stuff yourself with cake. There are a plenty of other ways to enjoy yourself. Don’t pin all your hopes of happiness on some far-off future, though. There’s no point working a 60-hour week and making yourself thoroughly miserable in the belief that things will be perfect as soon as possible you're making a six-figure salary.11. A proper title foe the passage isA. Happy Thereafter. B . Beyond Happiness.C . Happiness in. Happiness Out. D. Happy now or in the Future?12. Paragraph is mainly about .A. what makes us happy B . how to understand happinessC . how can we be happier D. what happiness can bring us13. The example in paragraph 3 is meant to emphasize that .A. both short-term happiness and long-term happiness is importantB . we tend to seek short-term happiness instead of long-term happinessC . p eople prefer long-term happiness to short-term happinessD. s hort-term happiness may contradict long-term happiness14. The word “ prioritize” (last paragraph) probably means “ ” .A. treat something as more important than othersB . improve something 's value or qualityC . put extra emphasis on somethingD. look for something that is difficult to find15. The author suggests in the last paragraph that sacrificing short-term happiness for long-term happiness .A. works well B . can be justifiedC . is not worthwhile D. makes no differenceQuestions 16-20 are based on the following passage:Thanks to the introduction of new drugs, many of the early problem in organ transplants, such as tissue rejection, have, to a great extent, now been solved. However, there remains a major problem. The people in need of transplant surgery far outnumber the available organs.Many countries, such as Britain, have huge waiting lists people whose lives could be saved by being given a kidney, lung, heart or liver transplant. Sadly, many of them die before they research the top of the list.Under the present British policy, people are asked to carry donor ( 捐赠人) cards, and\or put their names on the national donor register. Thus, if they lost their lives suddenly, for example, in a traffic accident, they have given permissions in advance of their death for their organs to be used. If they have not given done so, surgeons are faced with the task of asking the grieved relatives for permissions to use the organs of the dead. Of course, often the relatives are too upset even to think o f such a thing until it is too late. Organ transplants have to take place quite soon after the death of the donor.Dying and donating organs is not something most of us like to think about, and only about 14% of people have registered. Now it has been suggested that, instead of the present register, there should be a register of potential donors who haven’t made up their minds.16.Nowadays a major problem in transplant surgeryA. the shortage of qualified doctors C . tissue rejectionB . the lack of transplant organs D. immature techniques17. It can be inferred from the passage that transplant organ most likely come from .A. people who die in fatal accident B . criminals who are sentenced to deathC . patients who die from serious disease D. people who are mentally healthy18. What is the advantage of registering in advance to donate organs?A. The transplant may take place soon after the death of the donor.B . The donor’s relatives would agree with the surgery.C . More people would choose donation of their o rgans after death.D. Surgeons will not be liable to any legal consequences.19. The low percentage of people who have registered to donate organs indicates that .A. the present register system doesn’t workB . dying and donating organs is an unpleasant issueC . very few people know how to donate their organsD. permissions from relatives is hard to obtain20. What has been proposed to get more donors organs?A. Asking more people to register to donate organs after death.B . Having more people carry donor cards when they get around.C . Encouraging more people to consider organs donation through registering.D. Getting more people to donate organs by offering huge monetary rewards.Question 21-25 are based on the following passage:Recently, the Americans Health Association surveyed 1,000 people nationwide about their thoughts on sodium and heart health. 61% said that they believe sea salt is low-sodium alternative to table salt. They can be forgiven to thinking so. Sea salt is marked as a healthy food, added to soups, potato chips and a wide variety of packaged snacks labeled “ low sodium” and “healthy” . But in reality, sea salt and table salt are not terribly different, at least chemically. The real differences are in how the two are used in cooking.Table salt comes from underground salt deposits. Companies that sell it typically add something to keep it from clumping ( 结块). During processing, table is stripped of many of its natural minerals. Seat salt, on the other hand, is made from evaporated seawater. With little processing, it retains most of its mineral, which some cooks say give it a better flavor.But both contains the same amount of sodium chloride ( 氧化钠) by weight, which means they contribute equally to totally sodium consumption and have the same effect on blood pressure. Officials recommend that adults consume no more than 2.300 milligrams of sodium a day, equivalent to a teaspoon salt. You should eat less if you are black, hypertensive ( 患高血压的) or older than 40. Yet most Americans consume more than double the amount they need, mostly processed foods, so it is best to limit salt - Of any kind.21. According the survey, more than half the people believer that .A. table salt should be used in cookingB . it is necessary to eat sea productC . sea salt is high-sodium productD. sea is a healthier choice than table salt22.The different between table salt and tea salt lies in that table salt ______.A.contains more natural minerals than sea salt B . forms clumps more easily than sea saltC . taste better than sea salt D. goes through less pro cessing than sea salt23. The word “ strip” in Para. 2 is closest in meaning to “ ” .A. b reak B . add C . remove D. change24. According to the passage, the proper amount of salt consumption is related to one’s______.A. Appetite B . age C . sex D. weight25. According to the passage, Americans .A. c onsume much more salt than they actually needB . c onsume about 2.300 milligrams of salt a dayC . p refer fresh food to salted processed foodD. try to limit their salt consumption of any kindQuestions 26-30 are based on the following chart:Position OpenAdvertise PositionNOFollow-up,Review applicantsfillingYESinterviewConsider other optionsNOOffer job to alternateNOMake job offers Call, fillingYESYESCom. offerReview otherinterviewsNO YESApplicants Contract,accept offer training26. A proper title for the chart is “ ”A. Schedule Chart for Job HuntingB . Flow Chart for Recruitment ProcessC . Descriptive Chart for an Open PositionD. Organization Chart for a Hunting Company27. The chart is probably designed for .A. job applicants B . school graduatesC . the company general manager D. the human resources department28. What happens right after the interview?A. The company will review other interviewees.B . The company will notify who get an offer.C . Th e applicants will confirm job offers with the company.D. The applicants will call in to check whether they get the offer.29. A work contract is signed when .A. all options have been consideredB . there is no more interviewee to reviewC . the applicant accepts the company’s offerD. the company finishes training for its new staff30. What does “ Com.” in “Com. Offer” possibly mean?A. Confirm B . Company C . Compensate D. CommunicatePart Three ClozeDirections:There are ten blanks in the following passage. For each numbered blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Ch oose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Where do our favorite foods come from? The truth may 31 you. Did you know curry( 咖喱) isn’t Indian? Did you know Americans weren’t the 32 to eat hamburgers? Or did you know pizza wasn’t created in Italy?First, let’s talk about curry. Many people think the Engli sh found out about curry from peoplein India in the 1600s. Bu t 33 , wealthy English people were cooking with curry spices hundreds of years 34 British ships traveled to India. In fact, the word “ curry” can be foundin the English language as far back as 1377. Cooks of wealthy English families created curry dishes, and later these 35 caught on in other parts of England.36 pizza, this dish was probably first made in Persia (what is now Iran). The Persians were eating round, flat bread with cheese in the 500s – nearly one thousand years before pizza caught on in Naples, Italy!Fi nally, let ’s look at the truth behind 37 . Many people think hamburgers are an American food. However, 38 some stories, hamburgers came from Hamburg, Germany. A German named Ouo Kuasw made the first hamburgers in 1891. Four years later, German sailors 39 hamburgers to Americans. Wh ere foods come from isn’t nearly as 40 as how they taste – delicious! So, go get some of your favorite food and dig in.31. A. Upset B . surprise C . annoy D. inspire32. A. ones B . last C . first D. nation33. A. in detail B . in short C . in turn D. in reality34. A. before B . After C . when D. while35. A. cooks B . families C . dishes D. places36. A. Compared to B . As for C . Bu t for D. In addition to37. A. Chips B . pizza C . curry D. hamburgers38. A. according to B . owing to C . in case of D. in spite of39. A. carried B . introduced C . transported D. moved40. A. Good B . far C . important D. longPart Four Dialogue CompletionDirections:In this part, there are ten short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that most appropriately suits the conversational context and the best completes the dialogue. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.41. A: I went to a date with Sammy last weekend.B: Really? ?A: I couldn’t ask for a better night.A. Is she nice B . How was itC . Is it a beautiful night D. Did you like her42. Student: How long can I keep the book?Librarian: .A. Any period longer than four weeks, you will be finedB . You can check it on the computer over thereC . Four weeks, but you can renew it if you need it longerD. At most four weeks if you don’t mind43. A: Hello, Ann, do you still remember you said you’d like to see the actor of the movie Titanic? B:A: He is here at our university now.A. No, I don’t . B . Yes, why?C . Yes,so what? D. No, I don’t like him.44. A: Please remember me to your parents.B: .A. They remember seeing you onceB . Thanks a lot. I willC . I am afraid they have poor memoriesD. You can contact them directly45. Teacher:Are you following me?Student:A. I’m afraid not. B . Can you walk slowly, please?C . Let me think of it . D. Who knows?46. Receiver: Would you like to leave a message? I ’ll let Mr. Cohen know as soon as he comes back.Caller: .A. I hope he will call me back B . No. I’ll call somebody e lseC . I don’t think it ’s appropriate D. Don’t bother. I’ll try his call47. David: If things go on like this. I’ll start preparing my resume again.Colleague:A. Come on. It ’s not that bad. C . Really? Congratulations!B . Yes, you are good at it . D. It’s none of my business.48. Wife: Honey, we have only one egg and half a bottle of milk in the fridge. Oh, and we are running out of toilet paper…Husband:A. Ok, ok. I’ll go to the store right now.B . Yes,honey. Let me know what I can do.C . W hat’s missing, dear?D. Sure, I’ll get more next time.49. Man: It’s a long journey.You look tired. ?Woman:Yes.Could you take that suitcase, please?Man: Sure.A. Where’s your luggage B . How can I help youC . May I help you with anything D. Do you mind may help50. A: Can you keep an eye on my bag?A: No. I’m going to the bathroom.A. Sure. What is it? C . Go ahead. No problem.B . Oh. Do you want a favor? D. Sure. Will you be long?。