Managerial Accounting ch17 Tactical Decision-Making Angela
会计专业英语词汇整理
英文顺序Aa set of 一组，一套accelerated depreciation method 加速折旧法access 接近account 账户，会计科目accountability 会计责任accountant 会计人员accounting activity 会计活动accounting control 会计控制accounting cycle 会计循环accounting entity 会计主体accounting equation 会计等式，会计平衡式，会计方程式accounting period 会计期间accounting principle board 会计原则委员会accounting principle 公认会计原则accounting principles board 会计原则委员会accounting process 会计过程，会计处理方法accounting 会计，会计学accounts payable 应付账款accounts receivable 应收账款accrual basis 权责发生制accruals 应计项目accrue 自然累积，计提accrued expense 应计费用，应计未付费用accrued revenue 应计收入，应计未收收入accrued salaries payable 应计未付薪金accumulate 累积accumulated depreciation 累计折旧acquire 并购acquisition 取得active investment 主动投资adding machine 加法机adjusting procedure 调整程序adjustment 调整administrative control 管理控制administrative expense 管理费用advance 预付款advertising expense 广告费advice slip 通知单affiliated company 关联公司affiliated group 联营集团agency 机构，经理人aggregate 合计的aging schedule 账龄分析法align 调准，使成一线，使一致allowance for uncollectible accounts 备抵坏账allowance method 备抵法alternative 可供选择的american institute of certified public accountants 美国注册会计师协会amortization 摊销annual interest rate 年利率annually 每年地apportion 分配，摊配appropriate 适当的，相应的appropriation 分拨approve 批准arrearage 拖欠款arrest 阻止aspect 容貌，样式，表现形式asset turnover 资产周转率asset 资产assignment of responsibility 分派责任assumption 假设assure 保证at a glance 一瞥attorneys' fees 律师事务费attribute 属性attribute 属性auditing 审计auditor 审计员authorization 授权authorized stock 额定股本automated data processing 自动数据处理auxiliary equipment 辅助设备average collection period 平均收帐期average exchange rate 平均汇率Bbad debts expense 坏账费用balance sheet 平衡表，资产负债表bank deposit 银行存款bank reconciliation 银行往来调节表bank statement 银行对账单，银行结单bearer 持票人beginning inventory 期初存货betterment 改良billed price 账单价格board of directors 董事会bonds payable 应付债券，应付公司债book value 账面价值book value 账面价值bookkeeping machine 簿记机brand 商标bring……to light 揭露budgetary accounting 预算会计budgets 预算bundle 束，捆，集合体business venture 企业by means of 利用，依靠，通过Ccalculator 计算器calendar-year 日历年度capital stock 股本carrier 运输业者carrying value 置存价值，账面价值cash basis 收付实现制cash budget 现金预算cash disbursements journal 现金支出日记账cash discount 现金折扣cash dividend 现金股利cash in bank 银行存款cash on delivery 付款提货cash receipts journal 现金收入日记账cash 现金casualty loss 事故损失category 种类，类目，范畴central processing unit 中央处理单元certified public accountings 注册会计师chart of accounts 账户一览表，会计科目表charter 执照，发给……执照check stub 支票存根check 支票chronological 按时间顺序的claim 要求classification and sorting 分类整理clear 结清，结算，交换票据closing procedure 结帐程序closing rate 期末汇率code letter 代号字母coin 硬币，铸币committee on accounting procedure 会计程序委员会common stock 普通股comparable 可比的，类似的competent personnel 称职的人员complex capital structure 复杂资本结构complexity 复杂性comply with 遵守，遵循concept 概念confer 参见conservation 稳健的consideration 对家，报酬consolidate 合并constructed assets 建造资产consultant 顾问consume 消费contend 坚决主张contingent liability 或有负债continuity of existence 存在的连续性contra account 对抵账户，对销账户control account 控制账户，统驭账户，统制账户convention 惯例convert 转变，变换，兑换convertible debt 可转换债券convertible preferred stock 可转换优先股copyrights 版权copyrights 版权corporation acquisition 公司并购，公司收购corporation 股份有限公司correction of prior period inventory error 前期盘存差错订正cost accounting 成本会计cost method 成本法cost of goods available for sale 可供销售的商品成本cost of goods sold 销货成本，商品销售成本cost structure 成本结构cost-benefit data 成本-效益数据cost-to-retail price percentage 成本对零售价比率court decree 法庭判决cpital contribution 资本投入credit memo 货项通知单，货记通知单credit standing 信用地位，信誉credit term 赊账条件credit 贷记creditor 债权人cross rates 套算汇率cumulative balance 累计余额current asset 流动资产current exchange rate 现行汇率，现时汇率current fair value 现时公允价值current liability 流动负债current rate method 现行汇率法，现时汇率法current ratio 流动比率current-noncurrent method 流动与非流动项目法custodianship 保管工作customary matters 惯常业务customer 顾客cuttings 切削件D datapreparation 数据准备debenture bonds 信用公司债debit memo 借项通知单debit 借机debtor 债务人decision making 决策deferrals 递延项目deferred credit 递延货项deficits 逆差denominate 标价，表述denominator 分母department stores 订货商店depletion 折耗depreciable asset 应折旧资产depreciation expense 折旧费design cost 设计成本design 计划，设计，意图，打算designate 指明remit 汇款，付款detect 发现，察觉deterioration 损坏dilute 稀释，摊薄direct quote 直接标价direct write-off method 直接销账法director 董事会discharge 履行，清偿discount on notes payable 应付票据贴现折价discount 折价discount 折价，贴水discount 贴现，贴现折价discretion 自由决定dishonor 拒付dispose 处置，清理disposition data 清理数据diverse 多宗多样的dividend payable 应付股利dividend payout ratio 每股股利与收益比率，股利支付率dividend yield 每股股利与每股市价比率，股利获取division of labor 分工double-declining-balance method 双倍率递减余额法double-entry bookkeeping system 复式记账法，复式记账系统draft 汇票draw （up）拟好，编好draw up 开立（票据等）drillings 钻孔件Eearning per share 每股收益额earnings per share of common stock 普通股每股收益额earthquake 地震effective interest method 实际利息法elapse 过去electronic data processing system 电子数据处理系统eliminate 消除elimination 抵消，消除ending inventory 期末存货endorse 背书endorsement 背书endorser 背书人engage in 参与entend 把数字转入另一栏，算出……的总金额enter contract 缔结契约enumerate 列举environmental accounting 环境会计equity method 权益法equity ratio 权益比率equivalent 等同的，等同物，当量error correction 差错订正estate 不动产evaluate 评价event 事件excess of par value over amount paid 面值超过缴入资本的部分exchange rate 汇率exclusive privilege 专有权利expedient 权宜的做法expenditure 开支，花费expense 费用expire 满期，耗尽，失效extension 算出或转来的金额extensive 广泛的extraordinary items 非常项目FF.O.B destination 目的地交货，到达站交货F.O.B shipping point 发运地（站）交货face value 面值face value 票面价值factor 代替factor 因素，系数family 类属feasible 行得通的federal income tax withholding payable 应付预扣联邦所得税federal insurance contributions act 联邦社会保险税法federal unemployment compensation tax州失业补贴税federal unemployment tax payable 应付州失业税federal 联邦federal 联邦的fencing 栅栏FICA tax payable 应付联邦社会保险税financial accounting standards board 财务会计准则委员会financial accounting 财务会计financial data 财务数据financial executives 财务经理financial income and expense 财务收益与费用financial position 财务状况financial report 财务报告financial statement（report）财务报表（报告）financial strength 财务实力financing activities 筹资活动，理财活动firm 事务所firm 商行，企业first-in，fist-out 先进先出fiscal year 财务年度fiscal year 财务年度fixed assets 固定资产flow of costs 成本流动flow of goods 商品流动fluctuate 波动footing 总计，总额forecast 预测foreign currency 外币foreign exchange gains or losses 汇兑损益，汇兑利得或损失forward exchange contract 期汇合同forward rate 远期汇率fraction 分数franchise 特许经营权freight collect 货到收运费freight prepaid 运费预付frequency 频繁程度fully diluted earnings per share 每股完全稀释收益额function 职能，作用functional currency 功能货币fund 资金Ggain（loss）on sale of fixed assets 固定资产出售利得（损失）general journal 普通日记账general partnership 一般合伙globalization 全球化going concern 持续经营goodwill 商誉governmental accounting 政府会计governmental and not-for-profit accounting 政府及非盈利组织会计gross profit method of estimating inventories 估计存货的毛利法gross profit on sales 销货毛利gross sales 销货总额net sales 销货净额guide 指南guideline 方针，准则Hhardware 硬件haul 拖运historical cost 历史成本historical cost 历史成本historical exchange rate 历史汇率holder 持票人holdings 拥有的财产、股份hospital insurance premiums payable 应付医疗保险费human resources accounting 人力资源会计Iimmune 免受影响的impairment loss 减值损失imprest 预付的，定额预付的，定额备用的in addition to 除……外in contrast to 与此对比，与此相反in order to 为了，借以in place of 代替in sequence 按顺序，依次in short 简言之，总之in the final analysis 归根到底，总之income statement 收益表，损益表income summary 收益汇总，损益汇总income tax payable 应付所得税income tax reporting 所得税申报indirect quote 间接标价individual employee earnings records 雇员个人工薪记录information return 资料申报单information system 信息系统input 投入数额instruction 指令insurance expense 保险费insurance premium 保险费intangible asset 无形资产intangible assets 无形资产intercompany transaction 公司间交易interest allowance 利息补贴interest bearing 计息的interest coverage 利息保障范围interest expense 利息费用interest income 利息收益interim financial statement 中期财务报表interim mechanical check 中间性的手工操作检查intermediate 中间的，居间的internal auditing 内部审计internal control 内部控制international accounting 国际会计inventory turnover 存货周转率investing activities 投资活动investor 投资者invoice register 发票登记薄involve（in）使卷入IOU 借据irregularity 不正当行为issued stock 已发行股本Jjournal 日记账journalize 做分录Kkey-driven equipment 键盘式装置设备Llast-in，first-out 后进新出leasehold 租赁权ledger 分类账legal jurisdiction 法定管辖范围legal restrictions 法律约束liability 负债liability 负债limited partnership 有限合伙liquidation value 清算价值liquidity 变现能力，清偿能力list of checks 支票目录local 地方logic 逻辑判断的logically 合乎逻辑地，理所当然地long-term asset 长期资产loss from doubtful accounts 疑账损失，呆帐损失loss from uncollectible accounts 坏账损失lubrication 加润滑油Mmaintenance 维修majority investor 多数股权投资者，控股投资者majority 多数股权majority-owned company 被控股公司maker 出票人make-up 标价managerial accounting 管理会计manual filing 手工归档manufacturer's identification 制造厂商鉴定书margin of safety 安全边际marital status 婚姻状况market value 市场价值marketable securities 上市证券，有价证券maturity date 到期日measuring unit 计量单位meet 如期偿付merchandising company 商业公司minor parts 次要零件minority interest 少数股权，少数股东权益minority 少数股权misappropriation 挪用miscellaneous expense 杂项费用mix 品种构成model number 型号modern business 现代企业monetary assets and liabilities 货币性资产与负债monetary-nonmonetary method 货币性与非货币性项目法money order 汇票mortgage payable 应付抵押借款mortgage 抵押multinational company 跨国公司Nnatural assets 天然资产necessitate 使成为必须negative goodwill 负商誉negotiable 可流通的neither nor 既不又不net income 净收益net loss 净亏损net purchases 购货净额nominal interest rate 名义利率nongovernment body 非政府机构normal balance 正常余额normal operating cycle 正常经营周期normal rate of return 正常盈利率notes payable 应付票据notes receivable discounted 贴现应收票据notification 通知NSF（not sufficient funds）存款不足numerator 分子Oobjectivity 客观性obligation 义务，债务obsolescence 陈旧，过时office salaries expense 办事人员薪金on demand （票据）即期（支付）one-transaction perspective 单项交易观点，单一交易观点open account 往来账户operating activities 经营活动，营业活动operating expenses 营业费用，经营费用operating results 经营成果operation 经营，操作operational efficiency 经营效率opinion No.17 第17号意见书opposite 在……的对面organization cost 开办费original cost 原始成本other than 除……外，除了outlay 支出outstanding check 未兑付支票outstanding stock 外发股本，为股东持有的股本outstanding 未兑付的overdraft 透支overdrew 透支overtime pay 加班工资owner' equity 业主权益Ppaid-in capital in excess of par value 超过面值的缴入资本paid-in capital in excess of stated value 超过设定价值的缴入资本paper tape output 纸带输出par value 面值parent 母公司participating stock 参与分配的优先股partnership 合伙passive investment 被动投资patent 专利权pay attention to 注意pay envelope 工薪袋pay period 工薪支付期payroll accounting 工薪会计payroll payable 应付工薪payroll register 工薪登记表payroll tax 工薪税payroll 工薪perforate 穿孔于performance report 业绩报告performance 工作成绩，业绩performance 经营业绩periodic inventory system 定期盘存制peripheral equipment 边缘设备perishable 易腐坏的perpetual inventory system 永续盘存制petty cash 零用现金physical inventory counts 实物盘点physical protection 实物保护pipeline 管道plant and equipment 厂场设备plausible 看来有理由的pledge 保证，抵押pluged figure 轧算金额pooling of interest method 权益结合法，权益入股法portray 描述，描绘post 过账，誊账post-closing trial balance 结帐后试算表postdated check 远期支票posting reference 过账备查，过账记号potential 潜力，潜能potential 潜在的，可能的pound sterling 英镑preferable 更可取的preferred dividend coverage 优先股股利保障范围preferred stock 优先股premium 溢价premium 溢价，升水prepaid insurance 预付保险费prescribed managerial policies 规定的管理方针price lists 价目表price-earning ratio 每股市价与收益比率，市盈率primary earnings per share 每股原先收益额principal 主要的private accounting 私人企业会计proceeds 实得收入productivity ratio 生产能力比率profitability 盈利能力programming 程序编制promise 订约，允诺promissory note 本票，期票property tax payable 应付财产税property 动产prospective 预期的，未来的protest fee 拒付证书费public accounting firms 会计师事务所public accounting 公众会计，注册会计师业务public utility 公用事业publisher 出版商punched card 穿孔卡purchase invoice 购货发票purchase method 购买法，购并法purchase order 订货单purchase order 订货单，订购单purchase requisition 请购单purchases discounts 购货折扣purchases journals 购买日记账purchases returns and allowances 购货退让及折扣purchasing department 购货部门Qquick ratio 速动比率quotation 行情表quote 报价Rrate of return on common stockholders' equity 普通股股东权益收益率rate of return 报酬率，盈利率，收益率rates of inflation 通货膨胀率rather than 而不是realizable 可实现的realty agency 房地产经纪人receiving department 收货部门receiving report 收货报告receiving report 收货报告，收货单recognized value 确认价值recommend 推荐，介绍reconciliation method 调节法records of original entry 原始记录簿registration fees 注册费regular rate of pay 正常工资率relate to 与……有关rent expense 租赁费，租金reorder points 再订货点replace 取代replenishment 补充reporting currency 报告货币residual 剩余的resource 资源，资财result 结果，成果retail businesses 零售商店retail price 零售价格retained earnings 留存收益，保留盈利retrieval 追溯return on sales 销售收益率returned item 退回项目revenue 收入reversing entry 转回分录rule of thumb 拇指法则，经验规律running balance 逐笔结记余额Ssalary allowance 薪金补贴sales discounts 销货折扣sales invoice 销货发票sales journal 销货日记账sales on credit terms 赊销sales returns and allowances 销售退回及折让sales salaries expense 销货人员薪金salvage value 残值savings bonds deductions payable 应付购买储蓄债券扣款savings 节约scheme 方案，计划scrutiny 仔细检查secured bonds 有担保债券security/stock exchange 证券交易所segregate 分开segregation 分开selling expenses 销货费用semiannually 半年地serial number 顺序编号service charge 服务费service enterprise 服务业企业sharing agreement 分配协议short-term liquidity 短期偿债能力simple capital structure 简单资本结构sinking fund 偿债基金site 地基social accounting 社会会计software 软件sole proprietorship 独资source document 原始凭证special journal 特种日记账specific identification 具体辨认specific payee 指定收款人spectrum 范围spot rate 即期汇率stampings 冲压件standard 准则state corporation law 州公司法state 州stated value 设定价值statement of cash flows 现金流量表statement of cash flows 现金流量表statement of financial accounting standards 财务会计准则公告statement of owners' equity 业主权益表statement of owners'equity 业主权益表stock dividend to be issued 待发行股票股利stock dividend 股票股利stock options 股票期权stock warrants 认股权stock 存货stockholder 股东stock-option 股票期权storage tank 储存罐storage 存储store fixtures 店面装置store 仓库straight-line method 直线法strta 层，级style-affected 受式样影响的subdivision 分支submit 提交subscription 预订subsidiary company 子公司subsidiary ledger 辅助分类账，明细分类账subsidiary 子公司subtract 减去sum-of-the-year's-digits method 年数总和法sundry items 其他项目supersede 代替，取代supplies' catalogs 供应商商品目录supplies expense 物料用品费supplies on hand 在用物料surface paving 铺筑的路面surplus 顺差susceptible 易受影响的Ttax accounting 税务会计tax returns 纳税申报单temporal method 时态法，时间量度法temporary account 暂时性帐户，过渡性账户temporary accounts 暂时性账户throughout 贯穿trade payable 应付账款trade receivable 应收账款trademark 商标，商标权transaction 交易，会计事项transcribe 抄录transfer 转移transferability 可转移性translation gains and losses 折算损益，折算利得与损失transportation in 购货运费transportation out 销货运费transportation term 运输条件treasury stock 库存股本，库存股份trial balance 试算平衡表，试算表two-column account 两栏式账户two-transactions perspective 两项交易观点U uncollectible accounts expense 坏账费用undistributed earnings 未分配收益，未分配盈利uniform limited partnership act 统一有限合伙法uniform 一致的，均匀的units-of-production method 产量法upkeep 维护，保养utilities expense 公共事业费Vvendor 卖主verification 验证voluntary 自愿的voting share 有表决权股份voucher register 应付凭单登记簿voucher system 应付凭单制Wwage-bracket table 工资-税级表warrant 使有理由wear 磨损weighted average 加权平均withdraw 提取withhold 预扣withholding allowance 预扣折让without recourse 无追索权working capital 营运资本worksheet 工作底表，工作底稿按汉字顺序Amargin of safety 安全边际chronological 按时间顺序的in sequence 按顺序，依次Bentend 把数字转入另一栏，算出……的总金额copyrights 版权office salaries expense 办事人员薪金semiannually 半年地custodianship 保管工作insurance premium 保险费insurance expense 保险费assure 保证pledge 保证，抵押rate of return 报酬率，盈利率，收益率reporting currency 报告货币quote 报价allowance method 备抵法allowance for uncollectible accounts 备抵坏账endorsement 背书endorse 背书endorser 背书人passive investment 被动投资majority-owned company 被控股公司promissory note 本票，期票peripheral equipment 边缘设备liquidity 变现能力，清偿能力make-up 标价denominate 标价，表述acquire 并购fluctuate 波动replenishment 补充estate 不动产irregularity 不正当行为bookkeeping machine 簿记机Cfinancial statement（report）财务报表（报告）financial report 财务报告financial accounting 财务会计statement of financial accounting standards 财务会计准则公告financial accounting standards board 财务会计准则委员会financial executives 财务经理fiscal year 财务年度financial strength 财务实力financial income and expense 财务收益与费用financial data 财务数据financial position 财务状况confer 参见engage in 参与participating stock 参与分配的优先股salvage value 残值store 仓库strta 层，级error correction 差错订正units-of-production method 产量法sinking fund 偿债基金plant and equipment 厂场设备transcribe 抄录paid-in capital in excess of par value 超过面值的缴入资本paid-in capital in excess of stated value 超过设定价值的缴入资本obsolescence 陈旧，过时competent personnel 称职的人员cost-to-retail price percentage 成本对零售价比率cost method 成本法cost accounting 成本会计cost structure 成本结构flow of costs 成本流动cost-benefit data 成本-效益数据programming 程序编制holder 持票人bearer 持票人going concern 持续经营stampings 冲压件financing activities 筹资活动，理财活动publisher 出版商maker 出票人in addition to 除……外other than 除……外，除了storage tank 储存罐dispose 处置，清理punched card 穿孔卡perforate 穿孔于minor parts 次要零件storage 存储stock 存货inventory turnover 存货周转率NSF（not sufficient funds）存款不足continuity of existence 存在的连续性Dcode letter 代号字母in place of 代替factor 代替supersede 代替，取代credit 贷记stock dividend to be issued 待发行股票股利one-transaction perspective 单项交易观点，单一交易观点maturity date 到期日equivalent 等同的，等同物，当量elimination 抵消，消除mortgage 抵押local 地方site 地基earthquake 地震deferred credit 递延货项deferrals 递延项目opinion No.17 第17号意见书enter contract 缔结契约electronic data processing system 电子数据处理系统store fixtures 店面装置purchase order 订货单purchase order 订货单，订购单department stores 订货商店promise 订约，允诺periodic inventory system 定期盘存制director 董事会board of directors 董事会property 动产sole proprietorship 独资short-term liquidity 短期偿债能力contra account 对抵账户，对销账户consideration 对家，报酬majority 多数股权majority investor 多数股权投资者，控股投资者diverse 多种多样的Eauthorized stock 额定股本rather than 而不是invoice register 发票登记薄Fdetect 发现，察觉F.O.B shipping point 发运地（站）交货legal jurisdiction 法定管辖范围legal restrictions 法律约束court decree 法庭判决spectrum 范围scheme 方案，计划guideline 方针，准则realty agency 房地产经纪人extraordinary items 非常项目nongovernment body 非政府机构expense 费用appropriation 分拨division of labor 分工segregation 分开segregate 分开ledger 分类账classification and sorting 分类整理denominator 分母assignment of responsibility 分派责任apportion 分配，摊配sharing agreement 分配协议fraction 分数subdivision 分支numerator 分子service charge 服务费service enterprise 服务业企业subsidiary ledger 辅助分类账，明细分类账auxiliary equipment 辅助设备cash on delivery 付款提货negative goodwill 负商誉liability 负债liability 负债double-entry bookkeeping system 复式记账法，复式记账系统complexity 复杂性complex capital structure 复杂资本结构Gbetterment 改良concept 概念preferable 更可取的payroll 工薪pay envelope 工薪袋payroll register 工薪登记表payroll accounting 工薪会计payroll tax 工薪税pay period 工薪支付期wage-bracket table 工资-税级表performance 工作成绩，业绩worksheet 工作底表，工作底稿utilities expense 公共事业费accounting principle 公认会计原则corporation acquisition 公司并购，公司收购intercompany transaction 公司间交易public utility 公用事业public accounting 公众会计，注册会计师业务functional currency 功能货币supplies' catalogs 供应商商品目录purchasing department 购货部门purchase invoice 购货发票net purchases 购货净额purchases returns and allowances 购货退让及折扣transportation in 购货运费purchases discounts 购货折扣purchase method 购买法，购并法purchases journals 购买日记账gross profit method of estimating inventories 估计存货的毛利法capital stock 股本stockholder 股东corporation 股份有限公司stock dividend 股票股利stock-option 股票期权stock options 股票期权fixed assets 固定资产gain（loss）on sale of fixed assets 固定资产出售利得（损失）customer 顾客consultant 顾问individual employee earnings records 雇员个人工薪记录affiliated company 关联公司pipeline 管道administrative expense 管理费用managerial accounting 管理会计administrative control 管理控制throughout 贯穿customary matters 惯常业务convention 惯例extensive 广泛的advertising expense 广告费in the final analysis 归根到底，总之prescribed managerial policies 规定的管理方针international accounting 国际会计elapse 过去post 过账，誊账posting reference 过账备查，过账记号Hfeasible 行得通的quotation 行情表consolidate 合并logically 合乎逻辑地，理所当然地partnership 合伙aggregate 合计的last-in，first-out 后进新出uncollectible accounts expense 坏账费用bad debts expense 坏账费用loss from uncollectible accounts 坏账损失environmental accounting 环境会计foreign exchange gains or losses 汇兑损益，汇兑利得或损失exchange rate 汇率money order 汇票draft 汇票marital status 婚姻状况contingent liability 或有负债monetary-nonmonetary method 货币性与非货币性项目法monetary assets and liabilities 货币性资产与负债freight collect 货到收运费credit memo 货项通知单，货记通知单K（会计……）accounting 会计，会计学committee on accounting procedure 会计程序委员会accounting equation 会计等式，会计平衡式，会计方程式accounting process 会计过程，会计处理方法accounting activity 会计活动accounting control 会计控制accounting period 会计期间accountant 会计人员public accounting firms 会计师事务所accounting cycle 会计循环accounting principles board 会计原则委员会accounting principle board 会计原则委员会accountability 会计责任accounting entity 会计主体Jagency 机构，经理人on demand （票据）即期（支付）spot rate 即期汇率design 计划，设计，意图，打算measuring unit 计量单位calculator 计算器interest bearing 计息的neither nor 既不又不overtime pay 加班工资adding machine 加法机weighted average 加权平均lubrication 加润滑油accelerated depreciation method 加速折旧法assumption 假设price lists 价目表contend 坚决主张indirect quote 间接标价subtract 减去impairment loss 减值损失simple capital structure 简单资本结构in short 简言之，总之constructed assets 建造资产key-driven equipment 键盘式装置设备transaction 交易，会计事项access 接近bring……to light 揭露savings 节约result 结果，成果clear 结清，结算，交换票据closing procedure 结帐程序post-closing trial balance 结帐后试算表debit 借机IOU 借据debit memo 借项通知单operation 经营，操作operating results 经营成果operating activities 经营活动，营业活动operational efficiency 经营效率performance 经营业绩net loss 净亏损net income 净收益dishonor 拒付protest fee 拒付证书费specific identification 具体辨认decision making 决策Korganization cost 开办费draw up 开立（票据等）expenditure 开支，花费plausible 看来有理由的comparable 可比的，类似的cost of goods available for sale 可供销售的商品成本alternative 可供选择的negotiable 可流通的realizable 可实现的convertible preferred stock 可转换优先股convertible debt 可转换债券transferability 可转移性objectivity 客观性control account 控制账户，统驭账户，统制账户treasury stock 库存股本，库存股份multinational company 跨国公司Lfamily 类属accumulate 累积cumulative balance 累计余额accumulated depreciation 累计折旧historical cost 历史成本historical cost 历史成本historical exchange rate 历史汇率interest coverage 利息保障范围interest allowance 利息补贴interest expense 利息费用interest income 利息收益by means of 利用，依靠，通过federal 联邦federal 联邦的federal insurance contributions act 联邦社会保险税法affiliated group 联营集团two-column account 两栏式账户two-transactions perspective 两项交易观点enumerate 列举retail price 零售价格retail businesses 零售商店petty cash 零用现金retained earnings 留存收益，保留盈利current ratio 流动比率current liability 流动负债current-noncurrent method 流动与非流动项目法current asset 流动资产logic 逻辑判断的discharge 履行，清偿attorneys' fees 律师事务费Mvendor 卖主expire 满期，耗尽，失效dividend yield 每股股利与每股市价比率，股利获取dividend payout ratio 每股股利与收益比率，股利支付率price-earning ratio 每股市价与收益比率，市盈率earning per share 每股收益额fully diluted earnings per share 每股完全稀释收益额primary earnings per share 每股原先收益额annually 每年地american institute of certified public accountants 美国注册会计师协会immune 免受影响的par value 面值face value 面值excess of par value over amount paid 面值超过缴入资本的部分portray 描述，描绘nominal interest rate 名义利率wear 磨损parent 母公司rule of thumb 拇指法则，经验规律F.O.B destination 目的地交货，到达站交货Ntax returns 纳税申报单internal control 内部控制internal auditing 内部审计draw （up）拟好，编好deficits 逆差annual interest rate 年利率sum-of-the-year's-digits method 年数总和法misappropriation 挪用Papprove 批准face value 票面价值frequency 频繁程度mix 品种构成balance sheet 平衡表，资产负债表average exchange rate 平均汇率average collection period 平均收帐期evaluate 评价surface paving 铺筑的路面common stock 普通股rate of return on common stockholders' equity 普通股股东权益收益率earnings per share of common stock 普通股每股收益额general journal 普通日记账Qbeginning inventory 期初存货forward exchange contract 期汇合同ending inventory 期末存货closing rate 期末汇率sundry items 其他项目business venture 企业correction of prior period inventory error 前期盘存差错订正potential 潜力，潜能potential 潜在的，可能的cuttings 切削件disposition data 清理数据liquidation value 清算价值purchase requisition 请购单replace 取代acquisition 取得expedient 权宜的做法equity ratio 权益比率equity method 权益法pooling of interest method 权益结合法，权益入股法accrual basis 权责发生制globalization 全球化recognized value 确认价值Rhuman resources accounting 人力资源会计stock warrants 认股权journal 日记账calendar-year 日历年度aspect 容貌，样式，表现形式meet 如期偿付software 软件Sbrand 商标trademark 商标，商标权firm 商行，企业flow of goods 商品流动merchandising company 商业公司goodwill 商誉marketable securities 上市证券，有价证券minority 少数股权minority interest 少数股权，少数股东权益sales on credit terms 赊销credit term 赊账条件stated value 设定价值design cost 设计成本social accounting 社会会计auditing 审计auditor 审计员productivity ratio 生产能力比率residual 剩余的temporal method 时态法，时间量度法proceeds 实得收入effective interest method 实际利息法physical protection 实物保护physical inventory counts 实物盘点necessitate 使成为必须involve（in）使卷入warrant 使有理由market value 市场价值casualty loss 事故损失event 事件firm 事务所trial balance 试算平衡表，试算表appropriate 适当的，相应的cash basis 收付实现制receiving report 收货报告receiving report 收货报告，收货单receiving department 收货部门revenue 收入income statement 收益表，损益表income summary 收益汇总，损益汇总manual filing 手工归档style-affected 受式样影响的authorization 授权attribute 属性attribute 属性bundle 束，捆，集合体datapreparation 数据准备double-declining-balance method 双倍率递减余额法tax accounting 税务会计surplus 顺差serial number 顺序编号private accounting 私人企业会计quick ratio 速动比率extension 算出或转来的金额。
Managerial Accounting PPT (1)
$50
$0 1995
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
2000
2005
2007
Slide 3
Internet Usage The Internet fuels globalization by providing companies with greater access to geographically dispersed customers, employees, and suppliers.
Slide 16
Lean Production
The five step process results in a “pull” manufacturing system that reduces inventories, decreases defects, reduces wasted effort, and shortens customer response times.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Slide 10
Learning Objective 2
Understand the basic concepts underlying Lean Production, the Theory of Constraints, and Six Sigma.
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
Slide 9
The Chief Financial Officer (CFO)
A member of the top management team responsible for:
Providing timely and relevant data to support planning and control activities. Preparing financial statements for external users.
会计英语unit 15 Introduction to Managerial Accounting
15
(3) Budgeting
• It is also a critical element. • It outlines the financial limit within which
– Recruit graduate and undergraduate students of the highest academic capabilities who are committed to public health.
– Provide a multicultural setting for public health learning. – Provide excellent educational programs and opportunities. – Apply innovative pedagogical methods to enhance teaching and
3
Planning
Management accounting
Directing
Strategy
Costing
Positioning Budgeting
Production
Special analysis
Monitoring & Controlling
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1. Planning
Planning requires management to look into the future to establish objectives.
《会计专业英语》Chapter 9 Managerial Accounting
Production Volume (Units) 900 1,000 800 1,000 1,200 900 2,000 1,200 500 800 750 300
Utility Fee ($)
2,250 2,550 2,150 2,460 2,620 2,200 3,250 2,700 1,000 2,170 2,060 900
• Contribution Margin/Net Operating Income
• Segment Income Байду номын сангаасtatement
• Traceable Fixed Costs • Common Fixed Costs • The Segment Margin
11
Applications
• Keeping or Dropping a Segment
3
Managerial Accounting Overview
• The Definition of Managerial Accounting
• A Business Language for Insiders
• The Definition of Financial Accounting
• A Business Language for Outsiders
10
Applications
• Cost Structure and Operating Leverage
• Cost Structure
• The relative proportion of fixed costs and variable costs in a firm.
• Degree of Operating Leverage
会计学企业决策的基础财务会计分册英文版第十七版教学设计 (3)
Accounting: The Basis for Business Decision Making, Financial Accounting, 17th Edition - Teaching Design IntroductionFinancial accounting is the process of recording, classifying, and summarizing financial transactions to provide information that is useful in making economic decisions. Financial statements are the primary output of financial accounting and are used by various stakeholders to make decisions. Accounting: The Basis for Business Decision Making, Financial Accounting, 17th Edition, is a textbook designed to help students understand the principles of financial accounting.This teaching design will focus on the key themes of the textbook and provide guidance on how to teach the material effectively. The design is suitable for instructors who teach financial accounting as a course at the undergraduate or graduate level.Key ThemesThe textbook covers a broad range of topics related to financial accounting. Some of the key themes that run through the book include: Financial StatementsThe primary objective of financial accounting is to provide information that is useful in making economic decisions. The financial statements are the primary output of financial accounting. They include the income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement. The income statement shows the amount of revenue, expenses, and net income or lossfor a specified period. The balance sheet shows the assets, liabilities, and equity at a particular point in time. The cash flow statement shows the inflow and outflow of cash for a specified period.Accounting CycleThe accounting cycle is the process of recording, classifying, and summarizing financial transactions to produce financial statements. The steps in the accounting cycle include analyzing transactions, recording journal entries, posting to the ledger, preparing a trial balance, adjusting entries, preparing an adjusted trial balance, preparing financial statements, and closing the books.Financial AnalysisFinancial analysis is the process of using financial information to make economic decisions. Techniques used in financial analysis include ratio analysis, trend analysis, and vertical and horizontal analysis. Financial analysis is used by various stakeholders, including investors, creditors, and management, to make decisions.Teaching DesignThe following section provides guidance on how to teach the material in Accounting: The Basis for Business Decision Making, Financial Accounting, 17th Edition.Learning ObjectivesBefore teaching each chapter, instructors should set clear learning objectives for their students. The learning objectives should be specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound. By settingclear learning objectives, instructors can ensure that students understand what they need to accompli sh and track students’ progress effectively.Active LearningActive learning strategies such as group discussion, case studies, and problem-solving exercises should be incorporated into the teaching approach. Active learning helps students understand the material and apply the concepts they have learned.Real-World ExamplesInstructors should use real-world examples to help students understand how financial accounting is used in practice. Real-world examples can be drawn from various industries and sectors.TechnologyTechnology should be incorporated into the teaching approach. For instance, instructors can use online tools to reinforce the material covered in lectures. Technology can also be used to track students’ progress and provide instant feedback.AssessmentInstructors should use multiple assessment techniques to evaluate students’ understanding of the material. These can include quizzes, exams, assignments, and case studies. By using multiple assessment techniques, instructors can determine whether students have understood the material and identify areas where further instruction is required.ConclusionAccounting: The Basis for Business Decision Making, Financial Accounting, 17th Edition, is an essential textbook for students who wish to understand the principles of financial accounting. The teaching design outlined in this document provides guidance on how to teach the material effectively. By setting clear learning objectives, using active learning strategies, incorporating real-world examples, leveraging technology, and employing multiple assessment techniques, instructors can ensure that their students have a solid understanding of financial accounting.。
CH 1TEST
CHAPTER 1 :True/False :1.Accounting is an information and measurement system that identifies, records, and communicates financial information to users.Answer: True2.Managerial accounting is an area of accounting that provides internal reports to assist the decision making needs of internal users.Answer: True3.The primary objective of financial accounting is to provide general purpose financial statements to help external users analyze and interpret an organization's activities.Answer: True4.Ethics are not important to the primary functions of accounting.Answer: False5.As a general rule, revenues should not be recognized in the accounting records until it is received in cash. Answer: False6.According to the cost principle, it is preferable for managers to report an estimate of an asset's value. Answer: False7.The three major activities of a business are operating, financing, and investing.Answer: True8.Investing activities are the acquiring and selling of resources that an organization uses to acquire and sell its products or services.Answer: True9.Revenues are gross increases in equity from a company's earning activities.Answer: True Income occurs when revenues exceed expenses.Answer: True11.Expenses decrease equity and are the costs of assets or services used to earn revenues.Answer: True12.Liabilities are the owner's claim on assets.Answer: False13.The balance sheet is also called the statement of financial position because it shows the financial position of the business on a particular date.Answer: True14.A company might provide a service or product on credit. "On credit" implies that the cash payment will occur on a later date.Answer: True15. O wner's equity is increased when cash is received from customers in payment of previously recorded accounts receivable.Answer: False16.An owner's investment in a business always creates an asset (cash), a liability (note payable), and owner's equity (investment.)Answer: False17.Return on assets is useful to decision makers for evaluating management, analyzing and forecasting profits, and in planning activities.Answer: True18.Return on assets measures the ability of an organization to earn a profit based on the amount of its assets.Answer: True19.Risk is the amount of uncertainty about the return we expect to earn.Answer: True20.Generally the lower the risk, the lower the return that can be expected.Answer: True21.The income statement is a financial statement that shows revenues earned and expenses incurred during a specified period of time.Answer: True22.The statement of cash flows shows the net effect of revenues and expenses for a reporting period. Answer: False23.The balance sheet is based on the accounting equation.Answer: True24.Investing activities involve the buying and selling of assets such as land and equipment that are held for long-term use in the business.Answer: True25.The statement of cash flows reports on cash flows separated into operating, investing, and financing activities over a period of time.Answer: TrueMultiple Choice :1.Accounting is an information and measurement system that:A)Identifies business activities.B) Records business activities.C) Communicates business activities.D) Helps people make better decisions.E) All of the above. Answer: E2.The primary objective of financial accounting is:A)To serve the decision-making needs of internal users.B) To provide financial statements to help external users analyze an organization's activities.C) To monitor and control company activities.D) To provide information on both the costs and benefits of looking after products and services.E) To know what, when, and how much to produce. Answer: B3.The area of accounting aimed at serving the decision making needs of internal users is:A)Financial accounting.B) Managerial accounting.C) External auditing.D) SEC reporting.E) Bookkeeping. Answer: B4.The operating functions of a business include:A)Research and development.B) Purchasing.C) Marketing.D) Distribution.E) All of the above. Answer: E5.Ethical behavior requires:A)That auditors' pay not depend on the figures in the client's reports.B) Auditors to invest in businesses they audit.C) Analysts to report information favorable to their companies.D) Managers to use accounting information to benefit themselves.E) All of the above. Answer: A6.Ethics:A)Are beliefs that separate right from wrong.B) And law often coincide.C) Help to prevent conflicts of interest.D) Are critical in accounting.E) All of the above. Answer: E7.The accounting guideline that requires financial statement information to be supported by independent,unbiased evidence other than someone's belief or opinion is the:A)Business entity principle.B) Monetary unit principle.C) Going-concern principle.D) Cost principle.E) Objectivity principle. Answer: E8.Businesses can take the following form(s):A)Sole proprietorship.B) Common stock.C) Partnership.D) A and C only.E) All of the above. Answer: D9.The rule that requires financial statements to reflect the assumption that the business will continueoperating instead of being closed or sold, unless evidence shows that it will not continue, is the:A)Going-concern principle.B) Business entity principle.C) Objectivity principle.D) Cost Principle.E) Monetary unit principle. Answer: A10.Rules adopted by the accounting profession as guides in measuring, recording, and reporting thefinancial condition and activities of a business:A)Are comprised of both general and specific principles.B) Are known as generally accepted accounting principles.C) Are abbreviated as GAAP.D) Arise from both long-used practices and from rulings of authoritative groups.E) All of the above. Answer: E11.The accounting principle that requires accounting information to be based on actual cost and requiresassets and services to be recorded initially at the cash or cash-equivalent amount given inexchange, is the:A)Accounting equation.B) Cost principle.C) Going-concern principle.D) Realization principle.E) Business entity principle. Answer: B12.On December 15, 2007, Myers Legal Services signed a $50,000 contract with a client to provide legal services to the client in 2008. Which accounting principle would require Myers Legal Services to record the legal fees revenue in 2008 and not 2007?A)Monetary unit principleB) Going-concern principleC) Cost principleD) Business entity principleE) Revenue recognition principle Answer: E13.Marian Mosely is the owner of Mosely Accounting Services. Which accounting principle requires Marian to keep her personal financial information separate from the financial information of Mosely Accounting Services?A)Monetary unit principleB) Going-concern principleC) Cost principleD) Business entity principleE) None of these. Since Marian is a sole proprietor, she is not required to separate her personalfinancial information from the financial information of Mosely Accounting Services.Answer: D14.According to generally accepted accounting principles, a company's balance sheet should show thecompany's assets at:A)The cash equivalent value of what was given up.B) The current market value of the asset received in all cases.C) The cash paid only, even if something other than cash was given in the exchange.D) The best estimate of a certified internal auditor.E) The objective value to external users. Answer: A15.If a business is not being sold or closed, the amounts reported in the accounts for assets used inoperations are based on costs. This practice is best justified by the:A)Cost principle.B) Going-concern principle.C) Objectivity principle.D) Business entity principle.E) Both a and b. Answer: E16.An example of a financing activity is:A)Buying office supplies.B) Obtaining a long-term loan.C) Buying office equipment.D) Selling inventory.E) Buying land. Answer: B17.An example of an operating activity is:A)Paying wages.B) Purchasing office equipment.C) Borrowing money from a bank.D) Selling stock.E) Paying off a loan. Answer: A18.The major activities of a business include:A)Operating.B) Financing.C) Investing.D) All of the above. Answer: D19.An example of an investing activity is:A)Paying wages of employees.B) Withdrawals by the owner.C) Purchase of land.D) Selling inventory.E) Contribution from owner. Answer: C20.Gross increases in equity from a company's earnings activities are:A)Assets.B) Revenues.C) Liabilities.D) Owner's Equity.E) Expenses. Answer: B21.The difference between a company's assets and its liabilities, or net assets is:A)Net income.B) Expense.C) Equity.D) Revenue.E) Net loss. Answer: C22.Decreases in equity that represent costs of assets or services used to earn revenues are called:A)Liabilities.B) Equity.C) Withdrawals.D) Expenses.E) Owner's Investment. Answer: D23.Risk is:A)Net income divided by average total assets.B) The reward for investment.C) The uncertainty about the expected return to be earned.D) Unrelated to expected return.E) Derived from the idea of getting something back from an investment.Answer: C24.On June 30 of the current year, the assets and liabilities of Phoenix Phildell are as follows: Cash$20,500; Accounts Receivable, $7, 250; Supplies, $650; Equipment, $12,000; AccountsPayable, $9,300. What is the amount of owner’s equity as of July 1 of the current year?A)$ 8,300B)$13,050C)$20,500D)$31,100E)$40,400 Answer: DCalculation: $20,500 + $7,250 + $650 + $12,000 - $9,300 = $31,10025.Return on assets is:A)Also called return on investment.B) ROA.C) Computed by dividing net income by average total assets.D) Used in helping evaluate management.E) All of the above. Answer: E。
国际会计准则第17号
IAS17 International Accounting Standard17LeasesThis version includes amendments resulting from new and amended IFRSs issued up to 31December2004.IASCF887IAS17C ONTENTSparagraphs INTRODUCTION IN1–IN13 INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING STANDARD17LEASESOBJECTIVE1 SCOPE2–3 DEFINITIONS4–6 CLASSIFICATION OF LEASES7–19 LEASES IN THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF LESSEES20–35Finance leases20–32 Initial recognition20–24 Subsequent measurement25–32 Operating leases33–35LEASES IN THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS OF LESSORS36–57 Finance leases36–48 Initial recognition36–38 Subsequent measurement39–48 Operating leases49–57SALE AND LEASEBACK TRANSACTIONS58–66 TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS67–68 EFFECTIVE DATE69 WITHDRAWAL OF IAS17(REVISED1997)70 APPENDIXAmendments to other pronouncementsAPPROVAL OF IAS17BY THE BOARDBASIS FOR CONCLUSIONSIMPLEMENTATION GUIDANCEIllustrative examples of sale and leaseback transactions that result inoperating leasesTABLE OF CONCORDANCE888IASCFIAS17 International Accounting Standard17Leases(IAS17)is set out in paragraphs1–70and theAppendix.All the paragraphs have equal authority but retain the IASC format of the Standard when it was adopted by the IASB.IAS17should be read in the context of its objective and the Basis for Conclusions,the Preface to International Financial Reporting Standards and the Framework for the Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements. IAS8Accounting Policies,Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors provides a basis for selecting and applying accounting policies in the absence of explicit guidance.IASCF889IAS17IntroductionIN1International Accounting Standard17Leases(IAS17)replaces IAS17Leases(revised in1997)and should be applied for annual periods beginning on or after1January2005.Earlier application is encouraged.Reasons for revising IAS17IN2The International Accounting Standards Board developed this revised IAS17as part of its project on Improvements to International Accounting Standards.The project was undertaken in the light of queries and criticisms raised in relationto the Standards by securities regulators,professional accountants and otherinterested parties.The objectives of the project were to reduce or eliminatealternatives,redundancies and conflicts within the Standards,to deal with someconvergence issues and to make other improvements.IN3For IAS17the Board’s main objective was a limited revision to clarify the classification of a lease of land and buildings and to eliminate accountingalternatives for initial direct costs in the financial statements of lessors.IN4Because the Board’s agenda includes a project on leases,the Board did not reconsider the fundamental approach to the accounting for leases contained inIAS17.For the same reason,the Board decided not to incorporate into IAS17relevant SIC Interpretations.The main changesScopeIN5Although IAS40Investment Property prescribes the measurement models that can be applied to investment properties held,it requires the finance lease accountingmethodology set out in this Standard to be used for investment properties heldunder leases.DefinitionsInitial direct costsIN6Initial direct costs are incremental costs that are directly attributable to negotiating and arranging a lease.The definition of the interest rate implicit inthe lease has been amended to clarify that it is the discount rate that results in thepresent value of the minimum lease payments and any unguaranteed residualvalue equalling the fair value of the leased asset plus initial direct costs of thelessor.Inception of the lease/commencement of the lease termIN7This Standard distinguishes between the inception of the lease(when leases are classified)and the commencement of the lease term(when recognition takesplace).890IASCFIAS17Unearned finance income/net investment in the leaseIN8The definitions of these terms have been simplified and articulated more explicitly to complement the changes relating to initial direct costs referred to inparagraphs IN10–IN12and the change in the definition of the interest rateimplicit in the lease referred to in paragraph IN6.Classification of leasesIN9When classifying a lease of land and buildings,an entity normally considers the land and buildings elements separately.The minimum lease payments areallocated between the land and buildings elements in proportion to the relativefair values of the leasehold interests in the land and buildings elements of thelease.The land element is normally classified as an operating lease unless titlepasses to the lessee at the end of the lease term.The buildings element isclassified as an operating or finance lease by applying the classification criteria inthe Standard.Initial direct costsIN10Lessors include in the initial measurement of finance lease receivables the initial direct costs incurred in negotiating a lease.This treatment does not apply tomanufacturer or dealer lessors.Manufacturer or dealer lessors recognise costs ofthis type as an expense when the selling profit is recognised.IN11Initial direct costs incurred by lessors in negotiating an operating lease are added to the carrying amount of the leased asset and recognised over the lease term onthe same basis as the lease income.IN12The Standard does not permit initial direct costs of lessors to be charged as expenses as incurred.Transitional provisionsIN13As discussed in paragraph68of the Standard,an entity that has previously applied IAS17(revised1997)is required to apply the amendments made by thisStandard retrospectively for all leases,or if IAS17(revised1997)was not appliedretrospectively,for all leases entered into since it first applied that Standard.IASCF891IAS17International Accounting Standard17LeasesObjective1The objective of this Standard is to prescribe,for lessees and lessors,the appropriate accounting policies and disclosure to apply in relation to leases.Scope2This Standard shall be applied in accounting for all leases other than:(a)leases to explore for or use minerals,oil,natural gas and similarnon-regenerative resources;and(b)licensing agreements for such items as motion picture films,videorecordings,plays,manuscripts,patents and copyrights.However,this Standard shall not be applied as the basis of measurementfor:(a)property held by lessees that is accounted for as investment property(see IAS40Investment Property);(b)investment property provided by lessors under operating leases(see IAS40);(c)biological assets held by lessees under finance leases(see IAS41Agriculture);or(d)biological assets provided by lessors under operating leases(see IAS41).3This Standard applies to agreements that transfer the right to use assets even though substantial services by the lessor may be called for in connection with theoperation or maintenance of such assets.This Standard does not apply toagreements that are contracts for services that do not transfer the right to useassets from one contracting party to the other.Definitions4The following terms are used in this Standard with the meanings specified:A lease is an agreement whereby the lessor conveys to the lessee in return fora payment or series of payments the right to use an asset for an agreedperiod of time.A finance lease is a lease that transfers substantially all the risks and rewardsincidental to ownership of an asset.Title may or may not eventually betransferred.An operating lease is a lease other than a finance lease.A non-cancellable lease is a lease that is cancellable only:(a)upon the occurrence of some remote contingency;892IASCFIAS17(b)with the permission of the lessor;(c)if the lessee enters into a new lease for the same or an equivalent assetwith the same lessor;or(d)upon payment by the lessee of such an additional amount that,atinception of the lease,continuation of the lease is reasonably certain.The inception of the lease is the earlier of the date of the lease agreement and the date of commitment by the parties to the principal provisions of the lease.As at this date:(a)a lease is classified as either an operating or a finance lease;and(b)in the case of a finance lease,the amounts to be recognised at thecommencement of the lease term are determined.The commencement of the lease term is the date from which the lessee is entitled to exercise its right to use the leased asset.It is the date of initial recognition of the lease(ie the recognition of the assets,liabilities,income or expenses resulting from the lease,as appropriate).The lease term is the non-cancellable period for which the lessee has contracted to lease the asset together with any further terms for which the lessee has the option to continue to lease the asset,with or without further payment,when at the inception of the lease it is reasonably certain that the lessee will exercise the option.Minimum lease payments are the payments over the lease term that the lessee is or can be required to make,excluding contingent rent,costs for services and taxes to be paid by and reimbursed to the lessor,together with:(a)for a lessee,any amounts guaranteed by the lessee or by a party relatedto the lessee;or(b)for a lessor,any residual value guaranteed to the lessor by:(i)the lessee;(ii)a party related to the lessee;or(iii)a third party unrelated to the lessor that is financially capable of discharging the obligations under the guarantee.However,if the lessee has an option to purchase the asset at a price that is expected to be sufficiently lower than fair value at the date the option becomes exercisable for it to be reasonably certain,at the inception of the lease,that the option will be exercised,the minimum lease payments comprise the minimum payments payable over the lease term to the expected date of exercise of this purchase option and the payment required to exercise it.Fair value is the amount for which an asset could be exchanged,or a liability settled,between knowledgeable,willing parties in an arm’s length transaction.IASCF893IAS17Economic life is either:(a)the period over which an asset is expected to be economically usableby one or more users;or(b)the number of production or similar units expected to be obtainedfrom the asset by one or more users.Useful life is the estimated remaining period,from the commencement of thelease term,without limitation by the lease term,over which the economicbenefits embodied in the asset are expected to be consumed by the entity.Guaranteed residual value is:(a)for a lessee,that part of the residual value that is guaranteed by thelessee or by a party related to the lessee(the amount of the guaranteebeing the maximum amount that could,in any event,become payable);and(b)for a lessor,that part of the residual value that is guaranteed by thelessee or by a third party unrelated to the lessor that is financiallycapable of discharging the obligations under the guarantee.Unguaranteed residual value is that portion of the residual value of the leasedasset,the realisation of which by the lessor is not assured or is guaranteedsolely by a party related to the lessor.Initial direct costs are incremental costs that are directly attributable tonegotiating and arranging a lease,except for such costs incurred bymanufacturer or dealer lessors.Gross investment in the lease is the aggregate of:(a)the minimum lease payments receivable by the lessor under a financelease,and(b)any unguaranteed residual value accruing to the lessor.Net investment in the lease is the gross investment in the lease discounted at theinterest rate implicit in the lease.Unearned finance income is the difference between:(a)the gross investment in the lease,and(b)the net investment in the lease.The interest rate implicit in the lease is the discount rate that,at the inception ofthe lease,causes the aggregate present value of(a)the minimum leasepayments and(b)the unguaranteed residual value to be equal to the sum of(i)the fair value of the leased asset and(ii)any initial direct costs of thelessor.The lessee’s incremental borrowing rate of interest is the rate of interest the lesseewould have to pay on a similar lease or,if that is not determinable,the ratethat,at the inception of the lease,the lessee would incur to borrow over asimilar term,and with a similar security,the funds necessary to purchasethe asset.894IASCFIAS17Contingent rent is that portion of the lease payments that is not fixed inamount but is based on the future amount of a factor that changes otherthan with the passage of time(eg percentage of future sales,amount offuture use,future price indices,future market rates of interest).5A lease agreement or commitment may include a provision to adjust the lease payments for changes in the construction or acquisition cost of the leasedproperty or for changes in some other measure of cost or value,such as generalprice levels,or in the lessor’s costs of financing the lease,during the periodbetween the inception of the lease and the commencement of the lease term.If so,the effect of any such changes shall be deemed to have taken place at theinception of the lease for the purposes of this Standard.6The definition of a lease includes contracts for the hire of an asset that contain a provision giving the hirer an option to acquire title to the asset upon thefulfilment of agreed conditions.These contracts are sometimes known as hirepurchase contracts.Classification of leases7The classification of leases adopted in this Standard is based on the extent to which risks and rewards incidental to ownership of a leased asset lie with thelessor or the lessee.Risks include the possibilities of losses from idle capacity ortechnological obsolescence and of variations in return because of changingeconomic conditions.Rewards may be represented by the expectation ofprofitable operation over the asset’s economic life and of gain from appreciationin value or realisation of a residual value.8A lease is classified as a finance lease if it transfers substantially all the risks and rewards incidental to ownership.A lease is classified as anoperating lease if it does not transfer substantially all the risks andrewards incidental to ownership.9Because the transaction between a lessor and a lessee is based on a lease agreement between them,it is appropriate to use consistent definitions.The application of these definitions to the differing circumstances of the lessorand lessee may result in the same lease being classified differently by them.For example,this may be the case if the lessor benefits from a residual valueguarantee provided by a party unrelated to the lessee.10Whether a lease is a finance lease or an operating lease depends on the substance of the transaction rather than the form of the contract.*Examples of situationsthat individually or in combination would normally lead to a lease being classifiedas a finance lease are:(a)the lease transfers ownership of the asset to the lessee by the end of the leaseterm;*See also SIC-27Evaluating the Substance of Transactions Involving the Legal Form of a Lease.IASCF895IAS17(b)the lessee has the option to purchase the asset at a price that is expected to besufficiently lower than the fair value at the date the option becomesexercisable for it to be reasonably certain,at the inception of the lease,thatthe option will be exercised;(c)the lease term is for the major part of the economic life of the asset even iftitle is not transferred;(d)at the inception of the lease the present value of the minimum leasepayments amounts to at least substantially all of the fair value of the leasedasset;and(e)the leased assets are of such a specialised nature that only the lessee can usethem without major modifications.11Indicators of situations that individually or in combination could also lead to a lease being classified as a finance lease are:(a)if the lessee can cancel the lease,the lessor’s losses associated with thecancellation are borne by the lessee;(b)gains or losses from the fluctuation in the fair value of the residual accrue tothe lessee(for example,in the form of a rent rebate equalling most of thesales proceeds at the end of the lease);and(c)the lessee has the ability to continue the lease for a secondary period at a rentthat is substantially lower than market rent.12The examples and indicators in paragraphs10and11are not always conclusive.If it is clear from other features that the lease does not transfer substantially allrisks and rewards incidental to ownership,the lease is classified as an operatinglease.For example,this may be the case if ownership of the asset transfers at theend of the lease for a variable payment equal to its then fair value,or if there arecontingent rents,as a result of which the lessee does not have substantially allsuch risks and rewards.13Lease classification is made at the inception of the lease.If at any time the lessee and the lessor agree to change the provisions of the lease,other than by renewingthe lease,in a manner that would have resulted in a different classification of thelease under the criteria in paragraphs7–12if the changed terms had been ineffect at the inception of the lease,the revised agreement is regarded as a newagreement over its term.However,changes in estimates(for example,changes inestimates of the economic life or of the residual value of the leased property),orchanges in circumstances(for example,default by the lessee),do not give rise to anew classification of a lease for accounting purposes.14Leases of land and of buildings are classified as operating or finance leases in the same way as leases of other assets.However,a characteristic of land is that itnormally has an indefinite economic life and,if title is not expected to pass to thelessee by the end of the lease term,the lessee normally does not receivesubstantially all of the risks and rewards incidental to ownership,in which casethe lease of land will be an operating lease.A payment made on entering into oracquiring a leasehold that is accounted for as an operating lease representsprepaid lease payments that are amortised over the lease term in accordance withthe pattern of benefits provided.896IASCFIAS1715The land and buildings elements of a lease of land and buildings are considered separately for the purposes of lease classification.If title to both elements isexpected to pass to the lessee by the end of the lease term,both elements areclassified as a finance lease,whether analysed as one lease or as two leases,unlessit is clear from other features that the lease does not transfer substantially all risksand rewards incidental to ownership of one or both elements.When the land hasan indefinite economic life,the land element is normally classified as anoperating lease unless title is expected to pass to the lessee by the end of the leaseterm,in accordance with paragraph14.The buildings element is classified as afinance or operating lease in accordance with paragraphs7–13.16Whenever necessary in order to classify and account for a lease of land and buildings,the minimum lease payments(including any lump-sum upfrontpayments)are allocated between the land and the buildings elements inproportion to the relative fair values of the leasehold interests in the land elementand buildings element of the lease at the inception of the lease.If the leasepayments cannot be allocated reliably between these two elements,the entirelease is classified as a finance lease,unless it is clear that both elements areoperating leases,in which case the entire lease is classified as an operating lease.17For a lease of land and buildings in which the amount that would initially be recognised for the land element,in accordance with paragraph20,is immaterial,the land and buildings may be treated as a single unit for the purpose of leaseclassification and classified as a finance or operating lease in accordance withparagraphs7–13.In such a case,the economic life of the buildings is regarded asthe economic life of the entire leased asset.18Separate measurement of the land and buildings elements is not required when the lessee’s interest in both land and buildings is classified as an investmentproperty in accordance with IAS40and the fair value model is adopted.Detailedcalculations are required for this assessment only if the classification of one orboth elements is otherwise uncertain.19In accordance with IAS40,it is possible for a lessee to classify a property interest held under an operating lease as an investment property.If it does,the propertyinterest is accounted for as if it were a finance lease and,in addition,the fair valuemodel is used for the asset recognised.The lessee shall continue to account for thelease as a finance lease,even if a subsequent event changes the nature of thelessee’s property interest so that it is no longer classified as investment property.This will be the case if,for example,the lessee:(a)occupies the property,which is then transferred to owner-occupied propertyat a deemed cost equal to its fair value at the date of change in use;or(b)grants a sublease that transfers substantially all of the risks and rewardsincidental to ownership of the interest to an unrelated third party.Such asublease is accounted for by the lessee as a finance lease to the third party,although it may be accounted for as an operating lease by the third party.IASCF897IAS17Leases in the financial statements of lesseesFinance leasesInitial recognition20At the commencement of the lease term,lessees shall recognise finance leases as assets and liabilities in their balance sheets at amounts equal tothe fair value of the leased property or,if lower,the present value of theminimum lease payments,each determined at the inception of the lease.The discount rate to be used in calculating the present value of theminimum lease payments is the interest rate implicit in the lease,if this ispracticable to determine;if not,the lessee’s incremental borrowing rateshall be used.Any initial direct costs of the lessee are added to the amountrecognised as an asset.21Transactions and other events are accounted for and presented in accordance with their substance and financial reality and not merely with legal form.Althoughthe legal form of a lease agreement is that the lessee may acquire no legal title tothe leased asset,in the case of finance leases the substance and financial realityare that the lessee acquires the economic benefits of the use of the leased asset forthe major part of its economic life in return for entering into an obligation to payfor that right an amount approximating,at the inception of the lease,the fairvalue of the asset and the related finance charge.22If such lease transactions are not reflected in the lessee’s balance sheet,the economic resources and the level of obligations of an entity are understated,thereby distorting financial ratios.Therefore,it is appropriate for a finance leaseto be recognised in the lessee’s balance sheet both as an asset and as an obligationto pay future lease payments.At the commencement of the lease term,the assetand the liability for the future lease payments are recognised in the balance sheetat the same amounts except for any initial direct costs of the lessee that are addedto the amount recognised as an asset.23It is not appropriate for the liabilities for leased assets to be presented in the financial statements as a deduction from the leased assets.If for the presentationof liabilities on the face of the balance sheet a distinction is made between currentand non-current liabilities,the same distinction is made for lease liabilities.24Initial direct costs are often incurred in connection with specific leasing activities, such as negotiating and securing leasing arrangements.The costs identified asdirectly attributable to activities performed by the lessee for a finance lease areadded to the amount recognised as an asset.Subsequent measurement25Minimum lease payments shall be apportioned between the finance charge and the reduction of the outstanding liability.The finance charge shall beallocated to each period during the lease term so as to produce a constantperiodic rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability.Contingent rents shall be charged as expenses in the periods in which theyare incurred.898IASCFIAS1726In practice,in allocating the finance charge to periods during the lease term,a lessee may use some form of approximation to simplify the calculation.27A finance lease gives rise to depreciation expense for depreciable assets as well as finance expense for each accounting period.The depreciationpolicy for depreciable leased assets shall be consistent with that fordepreciable assets that are owned,and the depreciation recognised shall becalculated in accordance with IAS16Property,Plant and Equipment and IAS38Intangible Assets.If there is no reasonable certainty that the lessee will obtainownership by the end of the lease term,the asset shall be fully depreciatedover the shorter of the lease term and its useful life.28The depreciable amount of a leased asset is allocated to each accounting period during the period of expected use on a systematic basis consistent with thedepreciation policy the lessee adopts for depreciable assets that are owned.Ifthere is reasonable certainty that the lessee will obtain ownership by the end ofthe lease term,the period of expected use is the useful life of the asset;otherwisethe asset is depreciated over the shorter of the lease term and its useful life.29The sum of the depreciation expense for the asset and the finance expense for the period is rarely the same as the lease payments payable for the period,and it is,therefore,inappropriate simply to recognise the lease payments payable as anexpense.Accordingly,the asset and the related liability are unlikely to be equal inamount after the commencement of the lease term.30To determine whether a leased asset has become impaired,an entity applies IAS36Impairment of Assets.31Lessees shall,in addition to meeting the requirements of IAS32Financial Instruments:Disclosure and Presentation,make the following disclosures forfinance leases:(a)for each class of asset,the net carrying amount at the balance sheetdate.(b)a reconciliation between the total of future minimum lease paymentsat the balance sheet date,and their present value.In addition,anentity shall disclose the total of future minimum lease payments atthe balance sheet date,and their present value,for each of thefollowing periods:(i)not later than one year;(ii)later than one year and not later than five years;(iii)later than five years.(c)contingent rents recognised as an expense in the period.(d)the total of future minimum sublease payments expected to bereceived under non-cancellable subleases at the balance sheet date.(e)a general description of the lessee’s material leasing arrangementsincluding,but not limited to,the following:(i)the basis on which contingent rent payable is determined;IASCF899。
Intermediate Accounting (New Mexico State University)ch17
Trading Securities
Available for Sale
Held-toMaturity
Record at fair value
M.V.changes recorded as part of income
Record at fair value
M.V.changes recorded as part of equity
Unrealized gains or losses at date of transfer are recognized in income.
Transfers Between Categories
Type of Transfer
From Available for Sale to Trading
Chapter 17: Investments
After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
1. Identify the three categories of debt securities and describe the accounting and reporting treatment for each category. 2. Understand the procedures for discount and premium amortization on bond investments. 3. Identify the categories of equity securities and describe the accounting and reporting treatment for each category.
acctmanagerialaccountingsolutionsmanual
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Cost and Managerial Accounting(成本管理会计)智慧树知到课后章节答案
Cost and Managerial Accounting（成本管理会计）智慧树知到课后章节答案2023年下兰州理工大学兰州理工大学第一章测试1.Which of the following management responsibilities often involvesevaluating the results of operations against the budget? （）答案:Controlling2.Managerial accounting differs from financial accounting in that managerialaccounting （）答案:emphasizes data relevance over data objectivity3.Which of the following corporate positions is responsible for generalfinancial accounting, managerial accounting, and tax reporting? （）答案:Controller4.Of the following skills, which are needed by today's management accountants?（）答案:All choices are correct5.Which of the following professional standards requires managementaccountants to continually develop their knowledge and skills? （）答案:Competence6.Critical thinking can be improved by asking yourself a series of questionsabout any issue or problem you encounter. These questions, for example,include: What is the objective? What data will I need? What assumptions am I making? Is my conclusion logical? .（）答案:对7.Which of the following requires the company's CEO and CFO to assumeresponsibility for the company's financial statements and disclosures? （）答案:Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX)8.Which of the following is false? （）答案:The triple bottom line focuses on three items: net income, net assets,and return on investment .9.All of the following are business trends affecting management accounting （）答案:All choices are correct10.Which TWO of the following statements about management accountinginformation are true?（）答案:They are used to aid planning;They may include non-financial information第二章测试1.Which of the following costs are treated as product costs by a merchandisingcompany, such as Walmart? （）答案:nullRalph's Sporting Goods is a merchandising company, given the following information, the Cost of Goods Sold is 417,000 ( )答案:对3.Which of the following types of companies would have work in processinventory? （）答案:Manufacturing4.Which of the following is not an activity in the value chain? ( )答案:Administration5. A cost that can be traced to a cost object is known as a ( )答案:direct cost .6.Conversion costs consist of ( )答案:direct labor and manufacturing overhead7.Which of the following is part of manufacturing overhead? ( )答案:null8.The average cost per unit can be used for predicting total costs at manydifferent output levels （）答案:错9.Sunk costs are generally relevant to decisions （）答案:错10.Which of the following types of companies will always have the Cost of GoodsSold account on their income statements? （）答案:Merchandising and manufacturing companies第三章测试1.For which of the following would job costing not be appropriate? （）对于以下哪一项，不适合采用分批法进行成本核算？答案:Manufacturer of mass-produced beverages 大规模生产饮料的制造商2.Assuming the amount of manufacturing overhead over-allocation or under-allocation is material, which account is adjusted at the end of the period? （）答案:Work in Process Inventory;Finished goods Inventory;Cost of Goods Sold3.Whenever direct material, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead arerecorded on a job cost record, an associated journal entry is made to debitwhich of the following accounts? （）答案:Work in Process Inventory4.When a job is completed, the total cost of manufacturing the job should bemoved to which of the following general ledger accounts? （）答案:Finished Goods Inventory5.When using job costing at a service firm, professional labor cost would beconsidered an indirect cost of serving the client. （）答案:错6. A company calculates the prices of jobs by adding overheads to the primecost and adding 30% to total costs as a profit margin. Job number Y256 was sold for $1,690 and incurred overheads of $694. What was the prime cost of the job? （）答案:$6067.Which of the following is/are characteristics of job costing? （）答案:null8.The following information relates to job 2468, which is being carried out by AB Company to meet a customer's order. What is the selling price to thecustomer for job 2468? （）答案:$19,5009. A firm makes special assemblies to customers' orders and uses job costing.The data for a period are:What overhead should be added to job number CC20 for the period? ( )答案:$72,76110. A firm makes special assemblies to customers' orders and uses job costing.The data for a period are:Job number BB15 was completed and delivered during the period. What was the approximate value of closing work-in-progress at the end of the period? ( )答案:$217,323第四章测试1.Activity-Based Costing System focuses on activities as the fundamental costobjects. The costs of those activities become building blocks for compiling the indirect costs of products, services, and customers. （）答案:对2.Non-Value-Added Activities neither enhance the customer's image of theproduct or service nor provide a competitive advantage; also known as waste activities（）答案:对3.Cost distortion is more likely to occur when （）答案:departments incur different types of overhead and the products or jobs use the departments to a different extent4.Activities incurred regardless of how many units, batches, or products areproduced are called: ( )答案:facility-level activities5.The Walliston Group (WG) provides tax advice to multinational firms. WGcharges clients for (a) direct professional time (at an hourly rate) and (b)support services (at 30% of the direct professional costs billed). The three professionals in WG and their rates per professional hour are as follows:WG has just prepared the May 2020 bills for two clients. The hours ofprofessional time spent on each client are as follows:What amounts did WG bill to San Antonio Dominion for May 2020 ( )答案:$28,1326.Automotive Products (AP) designs and produces automotive parts. In 2014,actual variable manufacturing overhead is $308,600. There are three main departments that consume overhead resources: design, production, andengineering. Interviews with the department personnel and examination of time records yield the following detailed information:If AP uses the simple costing system that uses machine-hours as theallocation base to allocate variable manufacturing overhead to its threecustomers, the manufacturing overhead allocated to United Motor is: ( )答案:$9,2587.Automotive Products (AP) designs and produces automotive parts. In 2014,actual variable manufacturing overhead is $308,600. There are three main departments that consume overhead resources: design, production, andengineering. Interviews with the department personnel and examination of time records yield the following detailed information:If AP allocates variable manufacturing overhead to each customer in 2014 using department-based manufacturing overhead rates, the manufacturing overhead allocated to United Motor is: ( )答案:$23,8008.The potential benefits of ABC/ ABM are generally higher for companies that( )答案:Products that a company is well-suited to make and sell show small profits;All or most indirect costs are identified as output unit–level costs,batch-level costs, product-sustaining costs, or facility-sustaining costs.;Significant amounts of indirect costs are allocated using only one or two cost pools9.Product-sustaining costs (service-sustaining costs) are the costs of activitiesundertaken to support individual products or services regardless of thenumber of units or batches in which the units are produced. ( )答案:对10. A cost hierarchy categorizes various activity cost pools on the basis of thedifferent types of cost drivers, cost-allocation bases, or different degrees ofdifficulty in determining cause-and-effect (or benefits-received)relationships. ( )答案:对第五章测试1.Which one of the following statements is incorrect? ( )答案:In process costing, but not job costing, the cost of normal loss will beincorporated into normal product costs2.Equivalent units express （）答案:the amount of work done during a period in terms of fully completedunits of output.3.Process B had no opening inventory. 13,500 units of raw material weretransferred in at $4.50 per unit. Additional material at $1.25 per unit wasadded in process. Labour and overheads were $6.25 per completed unit and $2.50 per unit incomplete. If 11,750 completed units were transferred out, what was the closing inventory in Process B? ( )答案:$14,437.504.Dairymaid makes organic yogurt. The only ingredients, milk and bacteriacultures, are added at the very beginning of the fermentation process. Atmonth end, Dairymaid has 100,000 cups of yogurt that are only 25% of the way through the fermentation process. The equivalent units of directmaterials in ending work in process are ( )答案:100,000 cups5.Which of the following is false concerning process costing? ( )答案:It accumulates production costs by activities.6.Conversion costs consist of ( )答案:direct labor + manufacturing overhead7.The journal entry needed to record direct labor used but unpaid in theFinishing Department during the month would be Debit Finished GoodsInventory; Credit Wages Payable ( )答案:错8.The distinction between job costing and process costing can be summarized as ( )答案:对9.The weighted-average method computes unit costs by dividing total costs inthe Work in Process account by total equivalent units completed to date and assigns this average cost to units completed and to units in ending work-in-process inventory. （）答案:对10.Operating income can differ materially between the weighted-averagemethod and the first-in, first-out method when (1) direct material orconversion cost per equivalent unit varies significantly from period to period and (2) physical-inventory levels of work in process are large in relation to the total number of units transferred out of the process. ( )答案:对第六章测试1.Variable costs are conventionally deemed to ( )答案:be constant per unit of output2.The following is a graph of cost against level of activity. To which one of the following costs does the graph correspond? （）答案:null3. A production worker is paid a salary of $650 per month, plus an extra 5 centsfor each unit produced during the month. This labour cost is best describedas ( )答案:A semi-variable cost4.B Co has recorded the following data in the two most recent periods. What isthe best estimate of the company's fixed costs per period? ( )答案:$5,1005.According to the following EXHIBIT, the fixed cost is ( )答案:14538.056.Under absorption costing and variable costing, the calculation of productcosts can be summarized as ( )答案:对7.Why is variable costing often used for internal management purposes? ( )答案:Variable costing does not give managers incentives to build upunnecessary inventory.;Variable costing helps managers with decision making because itallows them to easily see the cost of making one more unit of product ;Variable costing and the contribution margin income statement help managers easily predict the cost of operating at different volumeswithin the relevant rangemitted Fixed Costs are fixed costs that are locked in because of previousmanagement decisions; management has little or no control over these costs in the short run. ( )答案:对9.Which of the following is false? ( )答案:The operating income of manufacturers will always be the same,regardless of whether variable or absorption costing is used10.Which of the following is false? ( )答案:Data points falling in a linear pattern suggest a weak relationshipbetween cost and volume .第七章测试1. A company makes a single product and incurs fixed costs of $30,000 permonth. Variable cost per unit is $5 and each unit sells for $15. Monthly salesdemand is 7,000 units. The breakeven point in terms of monthly sales units is:（）答案:3,000 units2. A company manufactures a single product for which cost and selling pricedata are as follows.The margin of safety, expressed as a percentage of budgeted monthly sales,is : ( )答案:20%3. A single product company has a contribution to sales ratio of 40%. Fixedcosts amount to $90,000 per annum. The number of units required to breakeven is:( )答案:impossible to calculate without further information4. A company's breakeven point is 6,000 units per annum. The selling price is$90 per unit and the variable cost is $40 per unit. What are the company's annual fixed costs? ( )答案:$300,0005.The operating leverage factor indicates the percentage change in operatingincome that will occur from a 1% change in volume . It tells managers how sensitive the company's operating income is to changes in volume . （）答案:对6.Sensitivity Analysis is a "what-if" technique that asks what results will be ifactual prices or costs change or if an under lying assumption changes. ( )答案:对7.Which of the following is false regarding choosing between two coststructures( )答案:The indifference point is the point where total revenues equal totalexpenses8.Which of the following is true regarding a company that offers more than oneproduct? ( )答案:The breakeven point is dependent on sales mix assumptions.9. A company with a low operating leverage ( )答案:has relatively more variable costs than fixed costs10.Contribution margin is revenues minus all variable costs whereas grossmargin is revenues minus cost of goods sold. Contribution margin measures the risk of a loss, whereas gross margin measures the competitiveness of aproduct.（）答案:对第八章测试1.Baron Co. incurs the following costs to make 25,000 switches:Switches can be purchased for $8 per switch，and all variable costs and$10,000 of fixed costs can be eliminated, however, $50,000 of fixed costsremain. Baron Co. should ( )答案:make switches2.The following data relate to the Super.The capital invested in manufacturing and distributing 9,530 units of theSuper per annum is estimated to be $36,200. If the required annual rate of return on capital invested in each product is 14%, the selling price per unit of the Super is, to the nearest $0.01: ( )答案:$144.313.Ess Company manufactures four products but next month there is likely to bea shortage of labour. The following information is available.What order should the products be made in, in order to maximize profits? ( )答案:R,Q,S,T4.The characteristics of Price-Takers can be summarized as ( )答案:Pricing approach emphasizes target costing;Heavy competition;Product lacks uniqueness;Not a brand name5.The characteristics of Price- Setters can be summarized as ( )答案:Pricing approach emphasizes cost-plus pricing;Product is more unique;Product is branded;Less competition6.Relevant information has two characteristics: (1) It pertains to the future.(2)It differs between alternatives. （）答案:对7.Considerations for Discontinuing Products, Departments, or Stores include ( )答案:null8.In making "sell as is" decisions, companies should consider all of thefollowing EXCEPT for: ( )答案:Costs incurred up to the "sell as is" decision point .9.The formula for arriving at target cost is which of the following?( )答案:Revenue minus desired profit10.Keys to making short-term decisions include which of the following? ( )答案:Both of the above第九章测试1.Flexible budgeting is the calculation of the quantity and cost of inputs thatshould have been consumed given the achieved level of production. ( )答案:对2.The advantages of the use of budgets in a management control systeminclude ( )答案:Promote communication and coordination within the organization.;Provide performance criteria.;Force management planning.3.In the budgeting and planning process for a firm, which one of the followingshould be completed first ( )答案:Strategic plan.4.Which one of the following best describes the role of top management in thebudgeting process? Top management （）答案:Needs to be involved, including using the budget process tocommunicate goals.5.Budgetary slack describes the situation in which a manager intentionallyover-budgets expenses or under-budgets revenue. ( )答案:对6.Which of the following budgets must be prepared first, as it serves as a basisfor most other budgets?（）答案:Sales budget7.In preparing a corporate master budget, which one of the following is mostlikely to be prepared last? （）答案:Cash budget8.Barnes Corporation expected to sell 150,000 board games during the monthof November, and the company's master budget contained the following datarelated to the sale and production of these games:Actual sales during November were 180,000 games. Using a flexible budget, the company expects the operating income for the month of November to be ( )答案:$420,0009.The operating budgets culminate in the budgeted ( )答案:null10.DeBerg Company has developed sales projections for the calendar year.Normal cash collection experience has been that 50% of sales are collected during the month of sale and 45% in the month following sale. The remaining 5% of sales is never collected. DeBerg's budgeted cash collections for thethird calendar quarter are ( )答案:$414,000第十章测试1.Unfavorable variances should always be interpreted as "bad news" for thecompany. ( )答案:错2.Which of the following are advantages of decentralization? ( )答案:null3.In terms of responsibility centers, a large corporate division would beconsidered a(n) ( )答案:investment center .4."Number of new products developed" would be a key performance indicator(KPI) for which of the four balanced scorecard perspectives? ( )答案:Internal business5."Hours of employee training" would be a key performance indicator (KPI) forwhich of the four balanced scorecard perspectives? ( )答案:Learning and growth6.The basic purpose of a responsibility accounting system is ( )答案:Motivation.7.Listed below is selected financial information for the Western Division of theHansel Company for lastyear.If Hansel treats the Western Division as an investment center forperformance measurement purposes, whatis the before-tax return on investment (ROI) for last year? （）答案:16.67%8.The imputed interest rate used in the residual income approach toperformance evaluation can best be described as the （）答案:null9.Managerial performance can be measured in many different ways, includingreturn on investment (ROl) and residual income. A good reason for usingresidual income instead of ROl is that goal congruence is more likely to be promoted by using residual income. ( )答案:对10. A limitation of transfer prices based on actual cost is that they （）答案:Can lead to sub-optimal decisions for the company as a whole.第十一章测试1.Which of the following is true? （）答案:A standard cost is the budgeted cost for one unit2.Which of the following is not an advantage of using standard costs? ( )答案:Standards can cause unintended behavioral consequences3.Which of the following is not true about standard costing systems? ( )答案:At the end of the period, the variances are closed to the Sales Revenue account4.For the fixed overhead volume variance, if production volume is greater thanoriginally anticipated, the variance will be unfavorable . （）答案:错5.Fixed overhead budget variance is the difference between actual fixedoverhead and budgeted fixed overhead . （）答案:对6.Dolphin Ceramics produces large planters to be used in urban landscapingprojects. A special earth clay is used to make the planters. The standardquantity of clay used for each planter is 24 pounds. Dolphin uses a standard cost of $2.00 per pound of clay. Dolphin produced 3,125 planters in May. In that month, 78,125 pounds of clay were purchased and used at the total cost of $150,000. The direct material quantity variance is ( )答案:$6250 unfavorable variance7.Vemoirs, Inc，produces several different styles and sizes of picture frames.The following activity describes its overhead costs during March, the variable overhead rate variances for the month of March is ( )答案:$1,625 unfavorable variance8.Direct Labor Rate Variance tells managers how much of the total laborvariance is due to paying a higher or lower hourly wage rate than anticipated.( ).答案:对9. A company budgets to make and sell 4,000 units of its product, actual volumeare 4,200 units. The product has a standard direct labor cost of $43. Whenanalyzing its direct labor flexible- budget variance for the period, thecompany determined that its direct labor efficiency variance was anunfavorable variance of $8,600. Which one of the following is closest to the actual cost for direct labor if the total direct labor flexible- budget variance was an unfavorable variance of $4,400? ( )一家公司预算生产和销售 4,000 件产品。
会计学企业决策的基础财务会计分册英文版第十七版课程设计
Accounting for Business Decision Making - 17thEdition Course DesignCourse OverviewThis course is designed to provide a comprehensive understanding of financial accounting and its role in the decision-making processes of businesses. The course will cover the basic principles of financial accounting and how they are applied to create financial statements to determine the financial health of an organization.Learning OutcomesBy the end of this course, students will be able to:•Understand the basic principles of financial accounting and its role in business decision-making•Analyze and interpret financial statements to gn insights into a company’s financial performance and health•Understand the components of financial statements and how they are interconnected•Understand the factors that influence financial reporting and analysis•Conduct financial analyses to evaluate business performance and make informed decisionsCourse StructureThe course will be divided into the following modules:Module 1: Introduction to Financial AccountingThis module will cover the basic principles of financial accounting, including:•The accounting process•The elements of financial statements•The accounting equation•The double-entry accounting system•The concepts of accruals and deferralsModule 2: Financial StatementsThis module will focus on the components of financial statements, including:•The balance sheet•The income statement•The cash flow statement•The statement of changes in equityModule 3: Financial Statement AnalysisThis module will cover how to analyze the information presented in financial statements to assess a company’s performance, including:•Ratio analysis•Horizontal and vertical analysis•Trend analysis•Common-size financial statementsModule 4: Financial Reporting PracticesThis module will examine the factors that influence financial reporting, including:•Regulatory requirements and standards•Financial reporting ethics•Financial analysis tools and techniquesModule 5: Financial Decision MakingThis module will focus on how financial information is used to make informed business decisions, including:•Capital budgeting•Financing decisions•Investment decisions•Risk managementCourse AssessmentThe course will be assessed through a combination of:•Homework assignments•Quizzes•Mid-term exam•Final examThe final grade for the course will be determined by a weighted average of these assessments.ConclusionThis course provides a comprehensive overview of financial accounting and its role in the decision-making processes of businesses. By the end of the course, students will have a thorough understanding of financial accounting principles and how to apply them to business decision making.。
MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING 管理会计 chp 9 15, 17, 23, 24
© The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 2008. All rights reserved.Solutions Manual, Chapter 91Problem 9-15 (30 minutes) 1.Milverton Corporation Direct Labour Budget1st Quarter 2nd Quarter 3rd Quarter 4th Quarter Year Units to be produced ................... 16,000 15,000 14,000 15,000 60,000 Direct labour time per unit (hours) 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 Total direct labour-hours needed .. 12,800 12,000 11,200 12,000 48,000 Direct labour cost per hour .......... $11.50 $11.50 $11.50 $11.50 $11.50 Total direct labour cost ................ $147,200 $138,000 $128,800 $138,000 $552,000 2.Milverton CorporationManufacturing Overhead Budget1st Quarter2nd Quarter3rd Quarter4th QuarterYearBudgeted direct labour-hours ....... 12,800 12,000 11,200 12,000 48,000 Variable overhead rate ................ $2.50 $2.50 $2.50 $2.50 $2.50 Variable manufacturing overhead . $ 32,000 $ 30,000 $ 28,000 $ 30,000 $120,000 Fixed manufacturing overhead ..... 90,000 90,000 90,000 90,000 360,000 Total manufacturing overhead ..... 122,000 120,000 118,000 120,000 480,000 Less depreciation ........................ 34,000 34,000 34,000 34,000 136,000 Cash disbursements formanufacturing overhead ...........$ 88,000$ 86,000$ 84,000$ 86,000 $344,000Problem 9-17 (60 minutes)1. Schedule of cash receipts:Cash sales—June ............................................... $ 60,000 Collections on accounts receivable:May 31 balance .............................................. 72,000 June (50% × 190,000) .................................... 95,000 Total cash receipts ............................................. $227,000Schedule of cash payments for purchases:May 31 accounts payable balance ....................... $ 90,000 June purchases (40% × 200,000) ...................... 80,000 Total cash payments .......................................... $170,000Pixelize, Inc.Cash BudgetFor the Month of JuneCash balance, beginning .................................... $ 8,000 Add receipts from customers (above) ................. 227,000 Total cash available ............................................ 235,000 Less disbursements:Purchase of inventory (above) ......................... 170,000 Selling and administrative expenses ................. 51,000 Purchases of equipment .................................. 9,000 Total cash disbursements ................................... 230,000 Excess of receipts over disbursements ................ 5,000 Financing:Borrowings—note ........................................... 18,000 Repayments—note .......................................... (15,000) Interest . (500)Total financing .................................................. 2,500 Cash balance, ending ......................................... $ 7,500Problem 9-17 (continued)2. Pixelize, Inc.Budgeted Income StatementFor the Month of JuneSales ..................................................... $250,000 Cost of goods sold:Beginning inventory ............................. $ 30,000Add purchases ..................................... 200,000Goods available for sale .......................Ending inventory .................................. 40,000Cost of goods sold ............................... 190,000 Gross margin .........................................Selling and administrative expenses($51,000 + $2,000) ............................. 53,000 Operating income ...................................Interest expense (500)Net income ............................................ $ 6,5003. Pixelize, Inc.Budgeted Balance SheetJune 30AssetsCash ....................................................................... $ 7,500 Accounts receivable (50% × 190,000) ...................... 95,000 Inventory ................................................................ 40,000 Buildings and equipment, net of depreciation($500,000 + $9,000 – $2,000) .............................. 507,000 Total assets ............................................................. $649,500 Liabilities a nd Shareholders’ EquityAccounts payable (60% × 200,000) ......................... $120,000 Note payable ........................................................... 18,000 Common stock ........................................................ 420,000 Retained earnings ($85,000 + $6,500) ..................... 91,500 Total liabilities and equity ......................................... $649,500Problem 9-23 (120 minutes)1. Schedule of expected cash collections:January February March Quarter Cash sales ........................... $28,000 $32,000 $34,000 $ 94,000 Credit sales* ....................... 36,000 42,000 48,000 126,000 Total collections ................... $64,000 $74,000 $82,000 $220,000 *60% of the preceding month’s sales.2. Merchandise purchases budget:January February March Quarter Budgeted cost of goods sold(70% of sales).................. $49,000 $56,000 $59,500 $164,500 Add desired endinginventory* ........................ 11,200 11,900 7,700 7,700 Total needs ......................... 60,200 67,900 67,200 172,200 Less beginning inventory ..... 9,800 11,200 11,900 9,800 Required purchases ............. $50,400 $56,700 $55,300 $162,400 *At March 30: April sales $55,000 × 70% × 20% = $7,700.Schedule of expected cash disbursements—merchandise purchasesJanuary February March Quarter December purchases ........... $32,550 $ 32,550 January purchases .............. 12,600 $37,800 50,400 February purchases ............. 14,175 $42,525 56,700 March purchases ................. 13,825 13,825 Total disbursements ............ $45,150 $51,975 $56,350 $153,475Problem 9-23 (continued)3. Schedule of expected cash disbursements—selling and administrativeexpensesJanuary February March Quarter Commissions ....................... $12,000 $12,000 $12,000 $36,000 Rent ................................... 1,800 1,800 1,800 5,400 Other expenses ................... 5,600 6,400 6,800 18,800 Total disbursements ............ $19,400 $20,200 $20,600 $60,200 4. Cash budget:January February March Quarter Cash balance, beginning .... $ 6,000 $ 5,450 $ 5,275 $ 6,000 Add cash collections .......... 64,000 74,000 82,000 220,000 Total cash available ......... 70,000 79,450 87,275 226,000 Less cash disbursements:For inventory .................. 45,150 51,975 56,350 153,475 For operating expenses ... 19,400 20,200 20,600 60,200 For equipment ................ 3,000 8,000 0 11,000 Total disbursements .......... 67,550 80,175 76,950 224,675 Excess (deficiency) of cash 2,450 (725) 10,325 1,325 Financing:Borrowings ..................... 3,000 6,000 0 9,000 Repayments ................... 0 0 (5,000) (5,000) Interest* ........................ 0 0 (210) (210) Total financing .................. 3,000 6,000 (5,210) 3,790 Cash balance, ending ........ $ 5,450 $ 5,275 $ 5,115 $ 5,115 * $3,000 × 1% × 3 = $ 90$6,000 × 1% × 2 = 120Total interest $210Problem 9-23 (continued)5.Lim CorporationIncome StatementFor the Quarter Ended March 31Sales ($70,000 + $80,000 + $85,000) ....... $235,000 Cost of goods sold:Beginning inventory (Given) ................... $ 9,800Add purchases (Part 2) ........................... 162,400Goods available for sale .......................... 172,200Less ending inventory (Part 2) ................ 7,700 164,500 Gross margin ............................................ 70,500 Selling and administrative expenses:Commissions (Part 3) ............................. 36,000Rent (Part 3) ......................................... 5,400Depreciation (Given) .............................. 2,400Other expenses (Part 3) ......................... 18,800 62,600 Operating income ..................................... 7,900 Less interest expense . (210)Net income .............................................. $ 7,690Problem 9-23 (continued)6.Lim CorporationBalance SheetMarch 31AssetsCurrent assets:Cash (Part 4) ............................................................. $ 5,115 Accounts receivable ($85,000 × 60%) ......................... 51,000 Inventory (Part 2) ...................................................... 7,700 Total current assets ...................................................... 63,815 Fixed assets—net($110,885 + $3,000 + $8,000 – $2,400) ..................... 119,485 Total assets .................................................................. $183,300Liabilities and Shareholders’ EquityAccounts payable (Part 2: $55,300 × 75%) ..... $ 41,475 Bank loan payable ......................................... 4,000 Shareholders’ equity:Common stock (Given) ................................ $100,000Retained earnings* ..................................... 37,825 137,825 Total liabilities and equity ............................... $183,300* Retained earnings, beginning ................. $30,135Add net income ..................................... 7,690Retained earnings, ending ..................... $37,825Problem 9-24 (30 minutes)1. The cost formulas in the flexible budget performance report below wereobtained by dividing the costs on the static budget in the problemstatement by the budgeted level of activity (600 litres). The fixed costs are carried over from the static budget.KGV Blood BankFlexible Budget Performance ReportFor the Month Ended September 30Budgeted activity (in litres) (600)Actual activity (in litres) (780)CostsCostFormula(per litre)ActualCostsIncurredfor 780LitresFlexibleBudgetBasedon 780LitresFlexibleBudgetVarianceVariable costs:Medical supplies ............ $11.85 $ 9,252 $ 9,243 $ 9 U Lab tests ....................... 14.35 10,782 11,193 411 F Refreshments for donors 1.60 1,186 1,248 62 F Administrative supplies .. 0.25 189 195 6 F Total variable cost ............ $28.05 21,409 21,879 470 F Fixed costs:Staff salaries ................. 13,200 13,200 0 Equipment depreciation . 2,100 1,900 200 U Rent ............................. 1,500 1,500 0 Utilities ......................... 324 300 24 U Total fixed cost ................ 17,124 16,900 224 U Total cost ........................ $38,533 $38,779 $246 FProblem 9-24 (continued)2. The overall variance is favourable and none of the unfavourablevariances is particularly large. Nevertheless, the large favourablevariance for lab tests is worrisome. Perhaps the blood bank has notbeen doing all of the lab tests for HIV, hepatitis, and other blood-transmittable diseases that it should be doing. This is well worthinvestigating and points out that favourable variances may warrantattention as much as unfavourable variances.Some may wonder why there is a variance for depreciation. Fixed costs can change; they just don’t vary with the level of activity. Depreciation may have increased because of the acquisition of new equipment or because of a loss on equipment that must be scrapped. (This assumes that the loss flows through the depreciation account on the performance report.)。
ifrs17对管理的价值 -回复
ifrs17对管理的价值-回复关于IFRS 17对管理的价值引言：IFRS 17是国际财务报告准则理事会（International Accounting Standards Board，IASB）发布的一项重要的新会计准则。
该准则将于2023年1月1日起生效，并适用于保险合同的会计处理。
IFRS 17的主要目标是提供更准确、透明和可比较的保险合同会计信息，从而改进投资者和其他利益相关方对于保险公司的财务状况和经营绩效的理解。
本文将探讨IFRS 17对管理的价值，并分析其对公司内部运营和战略决策的影响。
第一部分：IFRS 17的主要原则及其管理意义IFRS 17要求保险公司将保险合同分为现便利性合同和长期合同，并采用现金流方法进行估计并计量。
这一新的计量方法将更精确地反映保险合同的价值和风险。
这对管理层意味着以下几个方面的改变和挑战：1. 更准确的风险管理和资本分配：IFRS 17要求保险公司在计量风险和资本分配时更加准确地考虑未来现金流的差异性和随机性。
管理层需要通过合理估算潜在赔付和风险准备金来确保充足的资本水平，以应对风险事件和不利经济环境的冲击。
这将提高公司的风险管理能力，并促使管理层更加谨慎和精确地进行战略规划和决策。
2. 更透明和可比的财务信息：IFRS 17提供了更准确、透明和可比的保险合同会计信息，使投资者和其他利益相关方能够更好地理解保险公司的财务状况和经营绩效。
公司管理层通过向外界提供更具可信度的财务信息，可以增强市场信心，吸引更多的投资者和资本，从而促进公司的可持续发展。
第二部分：IFRS 17对公司内部运营的影响1. 会计处理和报告的改变：IFRS 17要求保险公司在会计处理和报告方面进行一系列的调整和改变。
例如，公司需要为现金流的估计和偏差提供更详细的披露，以及实施新的风险准备金计量方法。
这对公司内部的会计人员和财务团队提出了更高的要求，需要他们具备更全面和深入的保险会计和金融知识。
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Illustrative Examples of Relevant Cost Applications
Make or Buy Keep or Drop Special Order Sell or Process Further Product Mix Important: Short-term Perspective Short-
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Make or Buy
The cost to make or buy 5,000 units follows: Alternatives Differential Make Buy Cost to Make Rental of equipment Direct materials Direct labor Variable overhead Purchase cost Receiving Dept. labor Total $12,000 5,000 20,000 8,000 ------------$45,000 Make ------------------------$47,500 8,500 $56,000 $12,000 5,000 20,000 8,000 -47,500 - 8,500 $-11,000
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Flexible resources can be easily purchased in the amount needed and at the time of use… like electricity.
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Committed resources are purchased before they are used, such as salaried employees.
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Activity Resource Usage Model and Assessing Relevancy
Flexible Resources
a. Demand Changes b. Demand Constant
Relevant Not Relevant
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Activity Resource Usage Model and Assessing Relevancy
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Model for Making Tactical Decisions
Step 3. Identify the costs and benefits associated with each feasible alternative. Classify costs and benefits as relevant or irrelevant, and eliminate irrelevant ones from consideration. Lease warehouse space: Variable production costs Warehouse lease Buy shafts and bushings externally: Purchase price Continued $345,000 135,000 $460,000
Step 1. Recognize and define the problem. Increase capacity for warehousing and production. Step 2. Identify alternatives as possible solutions to the problem; eliminate alternatives that are clearly not feasible. 1. Build new facility 2. Lease larger facility; sublease current facility 3. Lease additional facility 4. Lease warehouse space 5. Buy shafts and brushings; free up needed space Continued
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Relevant Costs Defined
Relevant costs are future costs that differ across alternatives. A cost must not only be a future cost but most also differ between alternatives.
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Objectives
6. Use linear programming* to find the optimal solution to a problem of multiple constrained resources. (Appendix)
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Model for Making Tactical Decisions
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Keep-orKeep-or-Drop Decisions
Keep Sales $150 Less: Variable expenses 140 Contribution margin $ 10 Less: Advertising -10 Cost of supervision -35 Total relevant benefit (loss) $- 35 Drop ---------------$ 0 Differential Amount to Keep $150 140 $ 10 -10 -35 $- 35
Committed Resources (Short-Term)
Supply – Demand = Unused Capacity a.. Demand Increased < Unused Capacity Not relevant b. Demand Increased > Unused Capacity Relevant c. Demand Decease (Permanent) 1. Activity Capacity Reduced Relevant 2. Activity Capacity Unchanged Not Relevant
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Model for Making Tactical Decisions
Step 4. Total the relevant costs and benefits for each alternative. Lease warehouse space: Variable production costs $345,000 Warehouse lease 135,000 Total $480,000 Buy shafts and bushings externally: Purchase price $460,000 Differential cost $ 20,000 Continued
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Model for Making Tactical Decisions
Step 5. Assess qualitative factors. Quality of shafts 1. Quality of external suppliers and brushing is significantly lower Not reliable 2. Reliability of external suppliers 3. Price stability 4. Labor relations and community image Step 6. Make the decision. Continue to produce shafts and bushings internally; lease warehouse
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Activity Resource Usage Model and Assessing Relevancy
Committed Resources (Multiperiod Capacity)
Supply – Demand = Unused Capacity a.. Demand Increased < Unused Capacity Not relevant b. Demand Decreased (Permanent) Relevant c. Demand Increase > Unused Capacity Capital Decir Buy
The full absorption cost for the 10,000 parts is computed as follows: Total Cost Unit Cost Rental of equipment $12,000 $1.20 Equipment depreciation 2,000 0.20 Direct materials 10,000 1.00 Direct labor 20,000 2.00 Variable overhead 8,000 0.80 3.00 General fixed overhead 30,000 Total $82,000 $8.20 Enough material is on hand to make 5,000 parts.
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Make or Buy
Swasey Manufacturing currently produces an electronic component used in one of its printers. Swasey must produce 10,000 of these parts. The firm has been approached by a supplier who offers to build the component to Swasey’s specifications for $4.75 per unit.
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