郑萌考研写作讲义

一、考试要求1.时间分配：14:00-14:15小作文14:15-14:50大作文审题、写作、检查2.字数要求：小作文100字/大作文160-200字3.分值比例：满分10分/20分平均分5.5分/平均分11分4.写作话题：次热点永恒社会话题5.写作题型：提纲式议论文（1991-1996）、图表作文（1997/1999）、图画作文（1998/2000至今）、小作文【辞职信2005、道歉信2005/ 2008、询问信2006、投诉信2007、建议信2009、邀请信、申请信、推荐信、求职信、备忘录、摘要、报告、通知(告示)2010】6.评分重点：结构三段式内容不跑题语言最重要成功要诀：写背过的词汇和句子用有限的句子结构和需要的词汇表达无限的思想二、高分词more and more: a growing number of people/ an increasing number of people/ people in growing numbers/ people in increasing numbers/ It is growingly good/ It is increasingly good.many: a sea of, an ocean of, an army of, a great manyall kinds of/ different: a variety of, a diversity of, various, diverse.big: major, tremendous, immense, enormous, considerablesmall: minor, mini, tinygood: beneficial, positive, rosy, excellent, fabulous, awesome, fascinating, amazing, terrific, fantastic, unbelievable, incrediblebad: poor, terrible, horrible, negative, dreadful, adverse, unfavorable, severe, grave, serious important: significant, essential, basic, fundamental, indispensable, vital, crucial, criticalvery: rather, remarkably, extremely, overwhelmingly, exceedingly, impressivelysay, believe, think: hold, argue, claim, maintain, suppose, presume, assume, agree, emphasize, I am fully convinced that…, harbor the idea that…, hold the opinion that… take the attitude that… people: individuals, characters, folks, human beings.十大万能理由：科技、经济、教育、环境、健康、安全、交流、情感、时尚、生活（内容趋同最保险;相关即可、自圆其说）科技：exert positive influence on/ promote/ enhance/ improve the advancement of science and technologyexert negative influence on/ set barriers on/ hamper/ stop/ affect…经济：promote/ enhance/ improve the development of economy and societycreate more job opportunitiesacquire great wealthmake/ earn more moneyhamper/ stop/ affect/ spoil/ damage/ r uin…suffer from the loss of wealthlose more moneyface a growing number of fierce competitions and enormous pressures both in career and in life.教育：be helpful for children’s education and growthbroaden people’s horizonsenrich people’s lifeacquire a diversity of knowledge and skillsdevelop the spirit of…be harmful for children’s education and growthlimit children’s horizonsmake children lack the knowledge/ skills/ spirit of…be addicted to…overindulge inwaste one’s time, energy and moneyaffect their study and academic results环境：environmental pollutionconserve/protect the environmentmaintain the ecological balancepreserve /protect the cultural heritagedamage/ destroy…健康：bring great benefit to/ be exceedingly beneficial to people’s physica l and psychological health have great harm to…安全：ensure the community’s safety/ securityenjoy the life without diverse crimesmake people confront the danger of various potential crimesbe cheated/ robbed/ murdered/ visited by thieves and burglars交流：promote/ enhance/ improve the material and cultural communications/ mix/ spread of different countriesmake people know more about other countries and the world outside.hamper/ stop/ affect…make people lack of the knowledge of foreign cultures and the world outside情感：promote/ enhance/ improve the relationship and emotions of familiesbuild up/ foster/ develop the friendship/connections and harmonies among friends hamper/ stop/ affect…drive people selfish, cold and lonely时尚：become fashionable and coolbecome out of date and old-fashioned生活：enjoy a happy and convenient lifeenjoy a happy life and harmonious societyenjoy a bright future and sustainable development三、高分句（独孤九剑）拉长句子的方法：独孤九剑1.形容词+名词2.副词+动词3.主句+从句4.主句+分词引导句子（定语从句/状语从句/并列主句）5.主句+with引导句子6.部分倒装主句（状语+主语+同位语/插入语+谓语+宾语）+分词引导并列主句7.状语从句+完全倒装主句（状语+谓语+主语）+同位语/插入语+分词引导并列主句8.五个编造编造背景/编造共识/编造权威/编造例子/编造报告9. 虚拟、比较、强调、被动四、模板大作文：第一段：图画描述2句1.人物/动物/事物＋环境/服装/表情/动作/文字说明1句2.象征寓意（提出问题）：1句第二段：意义阐释（提出和分析问题）6句五大角度：1.背景1句（提出问题）2.现状1句（提出问题）3.原因2句（分析问题）4.后果2句（分析问题）5.反方观点（可选）九种手段：编造背景、编造共识、编造权威、编造例子、编造报告、虚拟结果、正反论证、分类比较、解释说明第三段：建议措施（解决问题）4句1.结论句：1句2.针对双方提建议：2句3.包装结尾、展望未来：1句第一段2000年As is vividly depicted in the upper/ left/ first picture, in the sea of 1900 sails a boat, a remarkably/ an exceedingly/ an impressively leisuredone, hunting an ocean of fish, in contrast to the shocking scene of the lower/ right/ second cartoon that in the sea of 1995 crowd a great many boats, rather horrible ones, hunting only a single fish. This phenomenon has brought about widespread discussions about the issue of excessive commercial fishing among people. (who are concerned about it./ , especially the concern of experts.)或There has been a heated discussion about a picture these days. As is vividly shown in the picture, in the sea of 1900 sails a boat, huntingan ocean of fishes, while in the sea of 1995 crowd a great many boats,hunting only a single fish. Sad and shocking as the picture is, the symbolic meaning behind the picture is as deep as the ocean. Just as an old proverb says, where there are human beings, there is excessive commercial fishing./ excessive commercial fishing never fails to shock people and exert a negative/ positive/ tremendous influence on animals. /human beings are the most dangerous enemies of animals.2001年As is vividly depicted in the picture, in the darkness stands a lamp, a remarkably bright one, glowing in peace, in accordance with the touching scene that above the lamp lies a slogan, a rather touching one, saying that love is a lamp that becomes brighter especially in darker places. This phenomenon has brought about widespread discussions about the issue of love among people.2002年As is vividly depicted in the picture, in the photo stands an American girl, a remarkably charming one, smiling with joy, in correspondence to the interesting scene that with her appears a Chinese costume, a rather traditional one, showing her love of Chinese cultures. This phenomenon has brought about widespread discussions about the issue of cultural communications among people.第二段2000With the tremendous development of modern society and economy changing people’s lives almost overnight, perhaps no other things have arrested more attentions and concerns than excessive commercial fishing during the past decade.It is universally acknowledged that that in our current society there really exists a variety of excessive commercial fishing which exerts tremendously negative influence on us. “Individuals of current age, f acing a growing number of fierce competitions and enormous pressures both in career and in life, never fail to earn more money bygo fishing a lot than/ compared with those who do not,” as Meng, an outstanding expert in sociology, says.Among all the shocking/touching facts relating to excessive commercial fishing that I have heard, noticed and experienced, the most impressive one is Funan people, fishermen inChengdu, making money by fishing excessively, with no fish to hunt now. According to the latest survey conducted by Sichuan University, one of the most famous universities in China, nearly 70% of the rivers of oceans are overfished. Were this situation to continue, our environment would be destroyed and our natural resources would be run out.或It is self-evident that the above-mentioned phenomenon has brought about tremendously positive/ negative influences both on modern people and our current society. For one thing,主题not only does benefit/ harm to individuals’ success in career and life, but also resu lts in a hopeful and wonderful/ terrible and desperate future, which is a fabulous/ adverse situation we are willing/ unwilling to see. For another, nothing is more beneficial/ harmful than主题to contribute to/ break up our harmonious society and enhance/ hamper its development and advancement. According to a survey made by Sichuan University, 70% of young people who have ever experienced主题live a happy/ sad life, feeling the gain/ the loss of hope about the future. If we keep going like this, some desirable/ undesirable results may come out expectedly.2001Apparently, what the drawer intends to convey is that our Chinese culture is gradually accepted by western culture. The American girlstands for western culture; the traditional Chinese costume symbolizes Chinese culture. Obviously, our human society has witnessed many examples. One case in point is that an increasing number of foreign people study traditional Chinese medicine. Based on a recent survey, over 234,521,870 foreigners have come to China to learn Chinese. Were there no cultural exchange, there were no advances of society.2003With the remarkable social reform bringing new ideas into people’s life, perhaps no change has characterized the past decades more significantly than that of chi ldren’s education. It isgenerally agreed upon that today’s children are so much protected by their parents. Their parents, as is suggested by sociologists who are concerned with this issue, want to give their children all their love. With more and more children stepping into the complex reality, the children who are over-protected by their parents need more help than those who have grown up on their own. There are many cases that children failed to adapt themselves to the society. Once leaving home, they leave the protection that offers comfortable conditions, which makes it difficult for them to earn their living. As is common in today’s society, a great many children get lost in reality and become confused about life.第三段2001Then how to show love to others? It goes without saying that we are living in a world of love and help. Whenever we lend others a helping hand, we will receive help somewhere else. All the members in the society should join their hands in creating a favorable environment for others. Only in a society full of love can we hope to witness the ideal scene in which people can enjoy their lives to the uttermost.或From what have been discussed above, it is imperative/ necessary that effective and efficient measures should be taken/adopted to promote/ prevent主题. On the one hand/ For one thing, laws and regulations should be worked out / established by the government to encourage the public to主题./ to prohibit/ ban people from making such misdeeds. On the other hand/ For another, the public should be educated and encouraged to support/ reject主题. Only in this way can we effectively promote/ protect our主题, and only by doing so can we enjoy a bright future and happy life/ harmonious society/ sustainable development.2002Hence, it is imperative for us to take drastic measures. For one thing, we should appeal to our authorities to encourage teenagers to improve themselves. For another, we should enhance the awareness of people that traditional Chinese culture is very vital to us. Only in this way can weprotect our youngsters. Also I believe that we human beings can improve the present situation, and we will have a brighter future.2005The problem being so serious, it is high time that we took effective and efficient measures to counter the maltreatment towards old people. For one thing, laws and regulations should be worked out to punish those who would not support their parents’ living; for another, we young people should be educated to respect and esteem the old. Only in a reasonable, prosperous and healthy society can we hope to witness the ideal scene in which old people can enjoy their twilight to the uttermost.2002年20分作文：-Currently, no other things have arrested more attention and concern than cultural exchange. In the middle of the picture stands an American girl, smiling sweetly with hertraditional Chinese costumes on. It is distinct that the significant meaning of the picture can not be overemphasized.Apparently, what the drawer intends to convey is that our Chinese culture is gradually accepted by western culture. The American girl stands for western culture; the traditional Chinese costume symbolizes Chinese culture. Obviously, our human society has witnessed many examples. One case in point is that an increasing number of foreign people study traditional Chinese medicine. Based on a recent survey, over 234,521,870 foreigners have come to China to learn Chinese and TCM. Were there no cultural exchange, there were no advance of society. -For my part, I am greatly convinced that cultural exchange plays an extremely vital role in the age of information and communication. Every nation relies on one another excessively closely. Accordingly, only in this way can our county catch up with others. -2003年20分作文：-The set of drawings above vividly depicts the destiny of a flower in different circumstances. As is shown in the first cartoon, the flower is placed in a comfortable greenhouse which shelters it from the threatening lightening and storm. With proper temperature, moisture and fertilizer, the flower is growing in full bloom. On the contrary, when removed from the greenhouse and exposed to the driving rain, the flower soon fades and withers, with the petals cast about on the grounds. -To begin with, the purpose of the drawings is to show us that the flower growing in the green house cannot withstand the test of the storm, yet the symbolic meanings subtly conveyed should be taken more seriously. The delicate flower is naturally associated with young people, to be specific, the only children in our current society; the greenhouse epitomizes parents’ doting care and abundant material supplies that can shield the children from the storms, or the harsh reality. Once the young people begin to seek independence and accept challenges from the real world, they are found too spoiled to be strong enough in the face of difficulties. -Accordingly, it is vital for us to derive positive implications from these thought-provoking drawings. On the one hand, we can frequently use them to enlighten the youth to be more independent in life. On the other hand, parents should be sensible enough to give their children more freedom to deal with troubles and problems. Only by undergoing more challenges and toils in adversity can young people cultivate strong personality and ability, and only in this way can they become winners in this competitive world. -2004年18分作文：-As is shown in the picture, on arriving at the finishing line of a race on the playground, the lovely young man has to continue his new journey in no time instead of stopping to take a rest. He has successfully settled the puzzle of “stopping or going on” which might have confused many others. -With the increasing pace of modern life, perhaps no change has characterized the pastdecase more dramatically than that of people’s view on their own life. It is generally agreed upon that people have to adjust themselves to this new change. On the one hand, no doubt, people will gain a lot by setting new goals in their daily life. take the famous scientist Thomas Edison for example. He had done very well in his early life, but continued to pursue something more difficult all through his life. On the other hand, if one is obsessed with the success he has achieved, he would lose the chance to pursue new success. What is more, he may become the slave of his success. There are many cases showing that people lose their courage to better themselves after becoming successful. -To sum up, one’s view o n his success determines his future. In my opinion, it is necessary to carry out a nation-wide campaign publicizing people who have a burning desire for more and ever greater achievement when they are already well-known. So that people in the society will develop a forward-looking attitude and make their life worth living and the world more beautiful as well. -小作文-2005年Dear Mr. Wang,I am writing to express my apology for my decision to leave the company. I am sorry for my decision to leave the company and any trouble that my resignation may cause.I am an editor who got this job and entered the company two months ago. I find that I might not be suitable for this position and I feel rather tired at work, which leads me to the choice of quitting the company and seeking other opportunities. Still I am grateful for your kindness and patience during the period when I worked here.Again I have to express my sincere apology and I am looking forward to the day when the company is advancing rapidly.Yours sincerely,Li Ming2006年I am writing to inquire about information concerning the Hope Project. I would be much grateful if you could do me the favor to offer me the details.I am a teacher who works for an English school with a handsome salary. I find that many kids in poverty might not have enough money to continue their studies and I feel rather sad about this, which leads me to the decision of financing a child about ten years old, paying for his or her tuition fee by year.I hope you could deliver the information about the child available to me as soon as possible and I am looking forward to the day when he or she returns to school.2007年I am writing to express my complaints concerning the service of the library. I hope such problems could be solved and new measures taken.I am a junior student who spends most of the time reading books and preparingdocuments in the library. I find that the staff of the library might not be professional and I feel rather disappointed at their working manners, which leads me to the decision of criticizing them. I suggest that they be trained and supervised for better service to the students.I would appreciate it if my suggestions could be taken into account and I am looking forward to the day when our library becomes a nice place for reading.。