非谓语动词(动名词和分词)

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非谓语动词讲解(超全)

非谓语动词讲解(超全)

非谓语动词讲解(超全)非谓语动词是指动词的非限定形式,不可以独立作谓语。

它可以由动词原形、现在分词和过去分词构成,常见的形式有不定式、动名词和分词。

一、不定式:不定式是动词的一种非限定形式,常常在句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。

它的构成方式为"to + 动词原形"。

例句:1. To learn a foreign language is not easy.(作主语)2. She wants to go shopping.(作宾语)3. The best way to learn English well is to practice every day.(作表语)4. He has a lot of work to finish.(作定语)不定式也具有进行时态、完成时态和被动语态的形式:进行时态:to be + 动词的现在分词完成时态:to have + 动词的过去分词被动语态:to be + 动词过去分词例句:1. He seems to be sleeping.(不定式进行时态)2. You should have told me earlier.(不定式完成时态)3. The car needs to be repaired.(不定式被动语态)二、动名词:动名词是指动词的-ing形式,它可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语。

在句中的位置和用法与名词相似。

例句:1. Reading is my favorite hobby.(作主语)2. I enjoy swimming in the summer.(作宾语)3. Her dream is becoming a famous singer.(作表语)4. The girl standing over there is my sister.(作定语)5. He went to the party without saying goodbye.(作状语)动名词与不定式的区别在于动名词具有进行时态和被动语态,而不定式没有。

非谓语动词和分词

非谓语动词和分词

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总结词
现在分词具有时态和语态的变化 ,可以通过添加前缀或后缀来实 现。
1. 时态
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2. 语态
现在分词的时态可以通过添加前 缀来表示,如"having done"、 "having been done"。
现在分词的语态可以通过添加后 缀来表示,如"being done"、 "having been done"。
非谓语动词和分词
contents
目录
• 非谓语动词概述 • 现在分词 • 过去分词 • 非谓语动词与分词的对比 • 非谓语动词和分词的练习与解析
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CATALOGUE
非谓语动词概述
定义与特点
定义
非谓语动词是指不作为谓语的动词形 式,包括不定式、动名词和分词。
特点
非谓语动词具有动词的时态和语态变 化,但不作为句子的谓语,而是作为 其他成分使用。
练习题示例:分析下列 句子中的现在分词和过 去分词的用法。
He lay on the beach, relaxing in the sun. (现 在分词,表示正在进行 的动作)
The movie has been shown in the cinema for a week. (过去分词 ,表示被动完成的动作)
练习题二:非谓语动词的时态和语态
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总结词:理解非谓语动 词的时态和语态是提高 英语表达能力的关键。
详细描述:非谓语动词 包括不定式、动名词和 分词三种形式,每种形 式都有不同的时态和语 态变化。通过练习,可 以更好地掌握非谓语动 词的用法。
练习题示例:分析下列 句子中的非谓语动词的 时态和语态。

非谓语动词-动名词、分词

非谓语动词-动名词、分词
The topics to be discussed at tomorrow’s meeting is concerned about the Olympics 2008. to worry about There is nothing___________.
(5). 定语 Attributive


Aspect and Voice
主动语态 ing 一般式 完成式
making having made (不作定语)
被动语态
being made having been made (不作定语)
being asked He did it without______________.(ask) being given They insisted on ___________the task.(give) Being taken advantage of _________________________is not a good thing.( take advantage of )
1. ---Did you get a job? --- No, I ___ , but it’s no use. A. expected B. tried to C. managed to D. planned 2. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him ____. A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to
如:1) 你介意我在这儿抽烟吗? Would you mind my smoking here ? 2)这女孩被告知每天练习三个小时的钢琴. The girl was told to practise playing the piano for three hours every day. 3) Good news keeps coming.

非谓语动词——动名词、分词讲解

非谓语动词——动名词、分词讲解

非谓语动词非谓语动词的使用条件:一个句子当中,已经存在一个主句(谓语动词),又没有连词的情况下。

例:She got off the bus, but (leave) her handbag on her seat. She got off the bus, (leave) her handbag on her seat.练习:划出非谓语动词。

1.There have been several new events added to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.2.Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always offering the same excuse.3.In the dream Peter saw himself ran after by a fierce wolf, and he woke suddenly.4.The Chinese are proud of the 29th Olympic Games to be held in Beijing in 2008.动名词Gerund一.结构Structure: doing 否定Negative: not doing二.时态和语态三.在句中承担的成分:1. 主语2. 宾语3. 定语4. 表语1.作主语Collecting information is very important to business.例:——What made him so unhappy?——the ticket for the football match.A. Having been lostB. LostC. To loseD. Losing句型:It is no use/ good doing sth 做某事是没有用的。

英语非谓语三种形式

英语非谓语三种形式

英语非谓语三种形式
英语非谓语动词有三种形式:动词不定式(to+动词原形)、动名词(动词+ing) 和分词(过去分词、现在分词)。

1、动词不定式:
例句:I want to go to the store. (我想去商店。

)
He asked me to help him with his homework. (他要求我帮他做功课。

)
2、动名词:
例句:Swimming is my favorite sport. (游泳是我最喜欢的运动。

)
I enjoy reading books. (我喜欢读书。

)
3. 分词:
过去分词:
例句:The broken window needs to be fixed. (需要修理这个破窗户。

)
I have finished my homework. (我完成了我的作业。

)
现在分词:
例句:I saw her singing in the choir. (我看到她在合唱团唱歌。

)
The running dog caught the ball. (跑着的狗接住了球。

)。

非谓语动词(动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词和动名词)

非谓语动词(动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词和动名词)

非谓语动词(动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词和动名词)一、概念一个简单句只能有一个动词做谓语,这个动词叫谓语动词;在这个简单句中,其他没有做谓语的动词,不管有多少个,都不能做谓语,这些动词就叫非谓语动词。

这是英语语法极其重要的一个原则。

谓语动词要以谓语动词形式表达出来,非谓语动词要以非谓语动词的形式表达出来。

非谓语动词包括:动词不定式-to do动名词-doing现在分词-doing过去分词-done非谓语动词,顾名思义,就是不是做谓语的动词;非谓语动词除了不做谓语,可以做主语、宾语、定语、状语和表语等各种其他句子成分。

要掌握非谓语动词的用法,就是要掌握不同非谓语动词在各个句子成分的不同含义和用法。

二、非谓语动词的用法区别从含义上大略可以区别:过去分词-done一般表示被动、完成的意思,所以从主动和被动方面先可以把过去分词和动词不定式、现在分词、动名词区分开来。

动词不定式一般表示目的、还未发生的动作。

现在分词一般表示正在进行或与谓语动词同时发生的动作。

动名词具有名词的特性,在句中一般做主语、宾语、表语。

所以,就区别to do与doing的区别就可以了。

1、to do与doing(动名词)的区别(主要是在做主语、表语和宾语时的区别)(1)做主语和表语的区别一般来说,在表示比较抽象的一般行为或者经常性行为时多用动名词;在表示具体的某次动作,特别是将来发生的动作,多作不定式。

做主语:Smoking is prohibited here.此地禁止抽烟。

To invite him to tomorrow party is necessary.邀请他参加明天的聚会是必要的。

做表语:My job is teaching English .我的工作是教英语。

Our task now is to increase food production.我们现在的任务是增加粮食产量。

表语是以下一些词,一般用动名词做真正主语:注意:it是形式主语,动名词是真正主语。

(完整版)非谓语的用法总结

(完整版)非谓语的用法总结

非谓语动词的用法总结李靖非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、分词)不是真正意义上的谓语动词,在句中都不能单独作谓语。

但都具有动词的某些特点,可以有自己的宾语或状语,构成非谓语动词短语。

不定式表目的,表将来;动名词表主动,表进行;过去分词表被动,表完成。

一.作主语( 动名词、不定式、过去分词前面加being, 动名词做主语谓语动词用单数)1)不定式、动名词都可做主语,但是动名词做主语多指抽象的概念性的动作,可以是多次的经常的行为;不定式多表示具体的动作,尤其是某一次的动作。

如:Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火危险。

(泛指玩火)To play with fire will be dangerous. 玩火会发生危险。

2)用动名词做主语的句型:It’s no use/no good/pleasure doing sth 做。

.。

.没有用处/好处/乐趣It’s a waste of time doing sth 做。

.。

浪费时间It is worth doing sth 值得做某事It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收It is worth making an appointment before you go. 去之前预约一下是值得的。

3)不定式做主语的句型.It is + adj +for sb to do sth.比较:表示人的品质时只能用of sb 如considerate/kind/nice/foolish/stupid/rude/cruel /wise/clever/brave/selfish/crazy/good/careful/careless/impolite/right/wrong等单词出现时。

It is silly of you to say so。

It is important for us to learn English well.It is a must/ a necessity for us to have a good command of the English language.4) “Wh- + to 不定式”可做主语。

非谓语动词-动名词和分词

非谓语动词-动名词和分词

be worth doing值得做..
spend time (in) doing 花时间做 be fond of doing 喜爱做; be good at doing 擅长做; be proud of doing 为做…而自豪; be tired of doing 对做…感到厌倦; can’t stand doing不能容忍
22. Go on ______ the other exercise after you have finished this one. A. to do B. doing C. with D. to be doing
三、分词
现在分词与过去分词. 充当成分: 宾语补足语,表语, 定语, 状语.



Seeing is believing. Playing chess is fun. It's no use waiting here.
(动名词短语作主语,动词用单数)
2. 动名词作表语(泛指)

The nurse's job is looking after the patients. Her job is keeping the offices clean. 她的工 作是保持办公室清洁。
非谓语动词考点归纳
二、动名词

1. 构成:动词+ing. 2. 否定结构: not doing / not having done.
3. 动名词的时态、语态构成:
时态 语态 主动式
v.+ing
having+ done
一般时
完成时
被动式
being+done
having+ been+d名词作定语时,放在被修饰的名词前,表 示的被修饰名词的功能和用途。 reading room 阅览室 swimming pool 游泳池 washing machine 洗衣机 waiting room 候车室 sleeping spills 安眠药 drinking water 饮用水

非谓语动词之现在分词与动名词

非谓语动词之现在分词与动名词

非谓语动词之现在分词与动名词(v-ing)时态和语态一、作主语:动名词Teaching is my full-time job.Writing an English composition is not easy.It’s useless taking this kind of medicine.二、作表语(1)动名词(2)现在分词My job is teaching. The play is exciting.= Teaching is my job. ≠Exciting is the play.Her full-time job is laying eggs. The story he told us was very interesting.=Laying eggs is her full-time job. ≠Interesting was the story he told us.三、作宾语:动名词•I have just finished doing my homework.•I suggested asking his brother for some money.•He keeps buying expensive maps. He must have more than 200 by now.只接动名词作宾语的常见动词有23个:resist\ keep (on)\ suggest\ advise\delay\look forward to\ enjoy\ appreciate\mind\ imagine\ practise\ finish \succeed in \consider\ can’thelp\ miss \ include\ admit\ advoid\escape\ feel like \excuse\pardon巧记: 抗议推迟盼喜报,心想练成考不错四、作宾语补足语:现在分词I heard the girl singing in the classroom.I noticed a long queue outside the bank waiting for it to open.The baby watched his dad shaving his face with great interest能跟现在分词作宾语补足语的常见动词有这些,看看有什么好方法可以将它们记住:make、let、have、look at、see、watch、hear、listen to、notice、find、feel 、leave“三让、三看、两听、注意找到感觉”。

非谓语形式

非谓语形式

非谓语形式非谓语形式就是:动词不定式、分词、动名词。

非谓语动词在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。

非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式,动名词,和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。

1)不定式时态\语态主动被动一般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done2)动名词时态\语态主动被动一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done3)分词时态\语态主动被动一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done否定形式: not +不定式, not + 动名词, not + 现在分词1( 有些动词可以用不定式作宾语,大致上有三种情况。

1)1) 有些及物动词用不定式作宾语,结构为动词+不定式。

例如:afford aim agree arrange ask decidebother care choose demand desire determine elect endeavor hope fail help learn long 渴mean manage offer plan pretend 望refuse tend undertake expect hate intend例如:The driver failed to see the other car in time. 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。

He offered to help me. 他表示愿意帮助我。

2)有些动词除了可以用不定式作宾语,还用不定式作补语,即有动词+宾语+不定式的结构。

例如:ask choose expect help beg intend like/love need prefer prepare want wish例如:I like to keep everything tidy. 我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。

英语非谓语动词:不定式,动名词和分词

英语非谓语动词:不定式,动名词和分词

英语非谓语动词:不定式,动名词和分词非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式、动名词和分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)(一)动词不定式动词不定式可以作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语。

动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成,否定形式“not to +动词原形”。

1.用法(1)作主语。

往往用it作为形式主语。

如:It is time to get up.(2)作宾语。

如果带有宾语补足语,往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后,用it作形式宾语。

如:I find it interesting to study English.有些动词只能用动词不定式作宾语。

如:decide,plan,desire,hope,wish,promise,ask,agree, manage等。

(3)作宾语补足语A:带to的动词不定式有:ask,tell,want,teach,advise,allow,beg,invite等。

如:He asked me to do the work.B :接不带to的动词不定式有:see,watch,hear,make ,let等。

如:I often see him play football.使役动词不带to,动词有:一感二听三让四观看。

一感:feel 二听:hear, listen to 三让:let,have,make 四观看:observe,see,watch,look at注意:feel, hear,notice, see,watch,have,make等词后的补足语中,不定式不带to,但变成被动结构时,要带to.如:I often hear him cry. He is often heard to cry.注意:带but介词的不定式。

如果介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么but后的不定式不带to,否则要带to。

另外,在can’t choose but...和can’t help but...等后面的不定式也省略to。

非谓语动词(non-finite verbs)

非谓语动词(non-finite verbs)

在英语中,不做句子谓语,而具有谓语外其他语法功能的动词中,叫“非谓语动词”非谓语动词包括:动词不定式(the Infinitive)动名词(the Gerund)现在分词(the Present Participle)过去分词(the Past Participle)Ⅰ。

动词不定式:动词不定式有两种,带“to”和不带“to(动词原型)”,有人称之为“光秃不定式”,在大多数情况下不定式都带to,动词不定式由“to+动词原型”,这里的to是不定式标志,没有词义,不定式具有名词,形容词,或副词的某些语法功能,又有动词的时态和语态。

一:1。

不定式做主语:eg : To over come the problem is very difficult不定式做主语,往往用it做形式主语,真正的主语不定式放置句子后面:eg : It‟s so nice to hear your voice.但是,用不定式做主语的句子中还有一个不定式做表语时,不能用it‟s…to…的句型eg : To teach is to learn.比较“it‟s for sb和it‟s of sb1)for sb句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点,表示客观形式的形容词,如”easy, hard, difficult, impossible”等2)of sb句型中的形容词一般为表示性格,品德,心智能力,表示主观感情或态度的形容词,如”good, kind, nice, clever, foolish”等3)用介词for或者of后面的逻辑主语做句子的主格,用介词前边的形容词做表语,造这个句子,如果通顺用of,不通则用for2.不定式做表语:不定式可放在be动词后面,形成表语eg : My dream is to be a teacher.3.不定式做宾语1)有些及物动词用不定式做宾语,结构为“动词+不定式”P2892)有些动词除了可以用不定式做宾语,还用些不定式做补语,即“动词+宾语+不定式”结构eg : I like to keep everything tidy.I like you to keep everything tidy.3)有些动词或动词词组可以用“动词+疑问词+不定式”的结构:eg : I want to know how to solve the problem.4)如果不定式(宾语)后面有宾语补足语,则用“ it ”做形式宾语,真正的宾语(不定式)后置,放在宾语补足语4.不定式做补语1)有些动词+宾语+不定式P291eg : Father will not allow us to play on the street.2)有些动词+宾语+不定式的结构,不定式的动词往往是be,不定式一般可以省去eg : We believe him (to be) quilty (adj.)我们相信他是有罪的We know him to be fool. (n.) (to be不能省)3)有些动词可以跟”there + to be的结构eg : We didn‟t expect there to be so many people.You wouldn‟t want there to be another war. 你不至于想让另外一场战争发生吧?5.不定式做定语不定式做宾语,通常要放在被修饰的词后,往往表示未发生的动作。

动名词和分词

动名词和分词

a 指过去发生的动作,用过去分词作 定语。
The
question discussed is of great importance.
b 指正在发生的动作,用现在分词的 被动语态做定语。
The
question being discussed now is of great importance.
B、 动名词和不定式的区别
在结构上,动名词前可用介词,还可以 被名词、代词的所有格修饰;不定式前 通常不使用介词更不能被名词、代词的 所有格修饰。 There is no justification for the running away in such haste. 如此匆忙逃走是无法辩解的。
most important thing is giving the new generation a good training.
分词作表语则对主语加以描述,现 在分词作表语表示主语所具有的特 征,过去分词作主语表示主语受外 界作用所处的状态。

The
game is very exciting.(分词 相当于形容词) The music is much pleasing to the ear.
完成式 having done having been done
a
动名词的一般式表示动作与谓语 动词同时或之后发生;完成式表示 动作发生在谓语动词之前。
Children enjoy watching TV. 孩子们喜欢看电视(同时发生) He was rewarded for having saved the child’s life. 他因为救了那个孩子而受到奖励。(救人 在先)

B 句型二:There is no +doing sth

非谓语动词(动词不定式现在分词过去分词和动名词)

非谓语动词(动词不定式现在分词过去分词和动名词)

非谓语动词(动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词和动名词)一、概念一个简单句只能有一个动词做谓语,这个动词叫谓语动词;在这个简单句中,其他没有做谓语的动词,不管有多少个,都不能做谓语,这些动词就叫非谓语动词。

这是英语语法极其重要的一个原则。

谓语动词要以谓语动词形式表达出来,非谓语动词要以非谓语动词的形式表达出来。

非谓语动词包括:动词不定式-to do动名词-doing现在分词-doing过去分词-done非谓语动词,顾名思义,就是不是做谓语的动词;非谓语动词除了不做谓语,可以做主语、宾语、定语、状语和表语等各种其他句子成分。

要掌握非谓语动词的用法,就是要掌握不同非谓语动词在各个句子成分的不同含义和用法。

二、非谓语动词的用法区别从含义上大略可以区别:过去分词-done一般表示被动、完成的意思,所以从主动和被动方面先可以把过去分词和动词不定式、现在分词、动名词区分开来。

动词不定式一般表示目的、还未发生的动作。

现在分词一般表示正在进行或与谓语动词同时发生的动作。

动名词具有名词的特性,在句中一般做主语、宾语、表语。

所以,就区别to do与doing的区别就可以了。

1、to do与doing(动名词)的区别(主要是在做主语、表语和宾语时的区别)(1)做主语和表语的区别一般来说,在表示比较抽象的一般行为或者经常性行为时多用动名词;在表示具体的某次动作,特别是将来发生的动作,多作不定式。

做主语:Smoking is prohibited here.此地禁止抽烟。

To invite him to tomorrow party is necessary.邀请他参加明天的聚会是必要的。

做表语:My job is teaching English .我的工作是教英语。

Our task now is to increase food production.我们现在的任务是增加粮食产量。

表语是以下一些词,一般用动名词做真正主语:注意:it是形式主语,动名词是真正主语。

非谓语动词的常用结构

非谓语动词的常用结构

非谓语动词的常用结构在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。

非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式,动名词和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。

1)不定式to do2)动名词doing3)分词doing/done否定形式:not +不定式,not + 动名词,not + 现在分词一、不定式1. 不定式做状语----目的He goes to the playground to play basketball with his friends.2. 不定式充当名词功能To see is to believe.3.常用结构want (sb.) to do sth. 想要(某人)做某事would like (sb) to do sth 想要(某人)做某事wish (sb.) to do sth. 希望(某人)做某事agree sb to do sth 同意(某人)做某事tell (sb.)(not) to do sth 吩咐(某人)做某事ask (sb.)(not)to do sth 要求(某人)做某事(注:ask\tell sb. not to do sth. 叫某人不干某事)invite sb to do sth 邀请(某人)做某事plan to do sth. 计划去干某事hope to do sth 希望去干某事decide to do sth. 决定去干某事can`t wait to do sth. 迫不及待地干某事can`t afford to do sth 承受不了做某事It takes\took sb.+时间、金钱to do sth.某人花费时间、金钱去干某事It’s +adj. for sb. to do sth.It’s +adj. of sb. to do sth. 做某事对某人来说是…(假如Sb be adj 通顺就用of ) It’s better /best to do sth. 最好做某事be afraid to do sth 害怕...干...be excited to do sth 对干.、、、感到兴奋4.注意以下句型的互换:1). too…to do sth. 太…而不能…2). so +adj. /adv + that(从句) 如此…以致…3).such +(a/an +adj.)+n.+ that(从句) 如此…以致…4).(not) enough (for sb.) to do sth. (对某人来说)做某事(不)够二. _ing分词:1.动名词做主语,谓语动词为单数.Eating apples is good for your health.2.做为介词的宾语是动名词Thanks for helping me.3.在进行时态中。

非谓语动词之动名词

非谓语动词之动名词

动名词
在电影院看电影感觉很不错。 ________________________________ (Watching movies in the cinema feels really good.)
夏天在游泳池游泳很舒服。 ________________________________ (Swimming in the pool in summer is
每当你想要吸烟的时候,就提醒自己,你不再是吸 的人了。 Every time you feel like smoking a cigarette, remind yourself that you are a non-smoker. (人教6-3)
动名词
他们掌握了种植、狩猎和迁徙的新方法。 They developed new methods of growing food, hunting and moving around. (人教5-4)
他不还我钱让我感到很不舒服。 His not returning me money makes me mad.
我生气的是你不服从我的命令。 I'm mad at your not obeying my orders.
你知不知道他昨天离开了? Have you any idea his leaving yesterday?
It's good to see you. 很高兴见到你。
不定式
能认识你是我的荣幸。 要把一门外语学好不容易。 难说! 做这个家庭作业花了我3小时。 我们不帮他是个错误。

不定式
常见的只能接动名词作宾语的动词词组有:give up, insist on, feel like, get down to, look forward to, get used to, can't help等;

非谓语动词的时态和语态

非谓语动词的时态和语态

非谓语动词的时态和语态
非谓语动词不具有时态和语态。

非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)。

它们不受主语的人称和数的影响,也不受谓语动词的时态和语态的限制。

例如:
- 动词不定式:to eat(吃)
- 现在时:I like to eat fruit.(我喜欢吃水果。


- 过去时:He wanted to eat dinner.(他想吃晚饭。

)- 动名词:eating(吃)
- 现在时:I enjoy eating ice cream.(我喜欢吃冰淇淋。


- 过去时:She remembered eating lunch at the restaurant.(她记得在餐厅吃午饭。


- 现在分词:eating(吃)
- 主动语态:I saw a man eating an apple.(我看到一个人在吃苹果。


- 被动语态:The cake being eaten was delicious.(被吃掉的蛋糕很好吃。


- 过去分词:eaten(吃)
- 主动语态:He has eaten breakfast.(他已经吃过早饭了。

) - 被动语态:The cake eaten by him was tasty.(被他吃掉的蛋糕很好吃。

)。

非谓语动词的分类

非谓语动词的分类

非谓语动词的分类非谓语动词是指在句子中不具备谓语作用的动词形式,常见的有动词不定式、动名词和分词。

它们在句子中具有名词、形容词或副词的功能。

以下将介绍非谓语动词的分类和常见用法。

一、动词不定式(infinitive)动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式,主要有两种形式:一般式和完成式。

一般式的动词不定式前不带to,而完成式的动词不定式则在动词的前面加上to。

1. 一般式动词不定式动词不定式的一般式常用于以下几种情况:1.1 作为宾语补足语例如:He wants to study medicine.(他想学医。

)I promise to help you.(我承诺会帮助你。

)1.2 作为表语例如:Her dream is to become a successful writer.(她的梦想是成为一名成功的作家。

)The most important thing is to stay positive.(最重要的是保持积极的心态。

)1.3 作为定语例如:This is the best way to solve the problem.(这是解决问题的最好方法。

)I need a pen to write the letter.(我需要一支笔来写信。

)2. 完成式动词不定式完成式动词不定式主要用于表示动作发生在谓语动词之前,并具有完成的含义。

常见的用法有:2.1 表示目的例如:I bought this book to improve my English.(我买这本书是为了提高英语水平。

)He went to the store to buy some groceries.(他去商店买一些杂货。

)2.2 表示推测例如:She seems to have forgotten about the appointment.(她似乎忘记了约会。

)He appears to be in a hurry.(他看起来很着急。

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动名词在句中起名词的作用,可以充当主语,宾语,表语,定语1 做主语Seeing is believing.A用it做形式主语(常见结构it is no good/use doing...)It is no use crying over spilt milk.2 做宾语(只跟动名词搭配的动词为:advise, admit承认, appreciate感激, avoid避免, consider认为, delay延误, deny 推迟, enjoy, escape逃跑, imagine, keep on, mind, practise, put off, suggest, fancy想象,excuse, keep, resist, risk, understand, explain, quit, tolerate, detest厌恶,allow, permit, forbid, recollect, miss, pardon)A当want, need, require, worth后面接doing表示被动Y our hair wants cutting.3 做表语(如果能和主语位置互换就是动名词)My hobby is collecting stamps.4 做定语(通常表示用途)A swimming pool动名词的复合结构(动名词前面带上自己的逻辑主语)物主代词(his, her)人称代词宾格(me, him) +动名词名词所有格(teacher’s)名词普通格(teacher)A动名词的逻辑主语为无生命时,用普通格。

Did you hear rain pattering on the roof?B 动名词的逻辑主语为不定代词或者指示代词,形式不变。

He suggested somebody taking over the job.C 动名词的逻辑主语是名词短语,名词形式不变。

Do you remember Mary and her mother coming to see us?D 动名词的逻辑主语为复数名词时,使用普通格。

There are many reasons for animals dying out.E 当逻辑主语与动名词被其他词语分开时,用普通格。

I remember mother once telling me a story.F 当复合结构作句子主语,通常使用所有格或物主代词。

Mary’s coming late made her teacher angry.动名词主动语态被动语态与谓语动词关系一般式doing being done 与谓语动作同时发生完成式Having done Having been done 动作发生在谓语动词之前主动语态和被动语态(动名词动作发出人是逻辑主语,那么动名词就用主动语态,如果动名词的逻辑主语是动名词动作的承受人,就用动名词的被动语态)Thank you for coming.He escaped being killed in the battle.动名词的否定式(not+动名词)Y ou have no excuse for not going.动名词和不定式的比较:A begin, start只跟不定式的情况:1 主语是无生命之物时,跟不定式。

Snow began to melt.2 用于进行时的时候,与不定式搭配。

He is beginning to study.3 当后面的动词不能用于进行时(例如know, understand, believe等)I began to believe his story.BTry to do/try doing remember to do/remember doing forget to do/forget doing regret to do/regret doing 努力/试着记得去做/记得做过忘记去做/已经忘记后悔去做/已经后悔Go on to do/go on doing mean to do/mean doing stop to do/stop doing can't help to do/can't继续做其他/继续原来打算/意味着停下去做/停下现在的不能帮忙做/禁不住help doing be afraid to do/be afraid of doing be sure to do/be sure of doing不敢做/担心一定会/确信会分词(现在分词表示正在进行或者主动意义,过去分词表示已经完成或者被动意义)承担表语,定语,宾语补语,状语。

1 做表语(现在分词通常表示特征,过去分词通常表示状态)The film we saw last night was quite moving.The glass is broken.A过去分词通常表示状态The glass is broken.B 表示感觉的一些过去分词(surprised, disappointed, excited, dressed, drunk等)表示状态I found that I was lost2 做定语(形成主谓形式)China is a developing country.The building built last year is our library.A现在分词的被动表示一个正在被进行的动作。

The meeting being held now is of great importance.B 过去分词表示是一个被动的,完成的动作。

The meeting held last year was of great importance.C 不定式的被动语态表示一个将要被进行的动作The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance.D 现在分词与谓语同时或几乎同时发生。

The students seeing the film are coming out of the cinema (错)The students talking about the film are coming out of the cinemaE 现在分词的完成式不能做定语。

The students having seen the film are coming out of cinema (错)3做宾语补语(常见动词:feel, hear, listen to, see, look at, watch, observe, notice, find, smell, set, have, keep, start, leave, get, catch等)I saw him going upstairs.A现在分词表示正在进行或持续I saw a girl running towards meB 现在分词的被动式表示正在进行或者持续I saw the child being beaten by his fatherC 过去分词表示完成,状态或动作全过程When he arrived, he found all the work finished.D 不及物动词的过去分词表示完成或状态I found my bag gone.E 动词find可以现在分词或过去分词,也可以用"to be"形式,不定式不可以。

He found the door closedF have sb do(让某人做)have sb/sth doing(让某人持续做)have sth done(遭遇,某事被做)They had me repeat the message.He had them working for him day and night.I will have to have my bike repairedThe old man had his wallet stolen4 做状语(通常不表示目的,而由不定式来表示)Bitten by a snake, he was sent to hospital.(原因)A being+表语,通常表示原因Being poor, he couldn't afford a TV set.Hearing the bell, students walk into the classroom.(时间状语)He sat on the sofa, watching TV(方式)Laughing and talking, they walk into classroom.(伴随)Her mother died two years ago, leaving her with her brother.(结果)A不定式表示出乎意料的结果,现在分词表示自然的结果。

Walking ahead, you will see a white building(条件)I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my shoulder.Though defeated, he didn't lose heart(让步)分词主动语态被动语态与谓语动词关系一般式doing being done 与谓语动作同时发生完成式Having done Having been done 动作发生在谓语动词之前分词的否定式:(not+doing)Not daring to speak, they sat there silent.时间意义:1 它与谓语同时或几乎同时发生One day, he saw a boy playing on the tracks.2 完成式表示动作发生在谓语动词之前Having cleaned the desks, we began reading.3 如果动作与谓语动作一前一后,通常用一般式Putting down the book, he walked over to the window and looked out to see what had happened.4 如果动作与谓语之间相隔一段时间,用完成式。

Having worked a whole day, he felt tired out.语态意义1 主动所修饰的人或物是分词动作的执行者;过去分词表示被动的意义,它所修饰的人或物是分词动作的承受者。

I heard someone closing the doorI heard the door closed2 不及物动词的过去分词表示动作完成,而无被动的含义。

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