(江苏专用)2019高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破2细节理解_间接信息题优选习题
2019年高考英语二轮专题训练：专题三阅读理解含答案
考试大纲要求考纲解读要求考生阅读4篇短文，从每题所给的选项中选出最佳选项。
题材广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多方面内容。
体裁多样，以记叙文、议论文、说明文为主。
考查主旨大意、细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测等题型。
高中英语教学大纲明确规定“侧重提高阅读能力”，这为我们的备考指明了方向。
分析近几年的高考英语试题，我们不难看出，阅读理解是高考试题中难度最大，区分度最高的题型，自始至终占据着主导地位。
阅读理解能力属于语言的领会技能，它不仅考查对语篇的整体把握能力，而且考查快速捕捉信息、准确理解特定细节以及复杂句子的能力。
不仅要准确理解文章表层的意思，还要通过表层去推理、判断。
除此之外，还涉及非语言因素，如：对所学语言国家的社会和文化背景知识的掌握、生活常识、逻辑知识和语言修养等。
江苏高考阅读理解近五年考情分布明细统计年份内容2018 2017 2016 2015 2014体裁记叙文0 0 1 0 0 议论文 1 1 0 2 1 应用文 1 1 1 1 1 说明文 2 2 2 1 2题型细节理解题7 7 8 5 8推理判断题 6 6 3 7 6主旨大意题 2 0 3 2 1词义猜测题 1 2 1 1 0总结近几年江苏高考阅读理解可知，选材上更注重体现现实生活。
所选文章涉及话题广，蕴涵丰富的人文、科普知识，具有思想性、人文性、趣味性、实用性等特点和鲜明的时代特色。
文章选材丰富多样，注重考查考生在不同的语言背景下灵活运用英语语言知识分析问题和解决问题的能力。
设题方式仍以细节理解题和推理判断题为主，符合考试大纲要求，推理判断题的比重有所加大。
总体来说，语篇的难易度呈现层次性，区分度较高，高分难得，有利于高考选拔。
AThe Metropolitan Museum of Art1000 Fifth Avenue New York, NY 10028211-535-7710 EntrancesFifth Avenue at 82nd StreetHoursOpen 7 days a week.Sunday-Thursday 10：00-17：30Friday and Saturday 10：00-21：00Closed Thanksgiving Day, December 25, January 1, and the first Monday in May. Admission$25.00 recommended for adults, $12.00 recommended for students，includes the Main Building and The Cloisters(回廊) on the same day; free for children under 12 with an adult.Free with AdmissionAll special exhibitions, as well as films, lectures, guided tours，concerts，gallery talks，and family/children’s programs are free with admission.Ask about today’s activities at the Great Hall Information Desk.The Cloisters Museum and GardensThe Cloisters museum and gardens is a branch of The Metropolitan Museum of Art devoted to the art and architecture of Europe in the Middle Ages.The extensive collection consists of masterworks in sculpture, colored glass, and precious objects from Europe dating from about the 9th to the 15th century.Hours：Open 7 days a week.March-October 10：00-17：15November-February 10：00-16：45Closed Thanksgiving Day, December 25, and January 1.【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了纽约大都会艺术博物馆的参观须知。
江苏专用2019高考英语二轮增分策略 专题二 完形填空 第二节 分类突破 题型三 说明文习题
三、说明文Men and women may have different experiences in shopping for clothes.A man goes shopping because he needs something.His purpose is settleda n d d e c i d e d i n1 .He knows what he wants，and his2 is to find it and buy it.All men3 walk into a shop and ask the shop assistant for what they want.If the shop has it in stock(库存)，the deal can be done and4 is completed in less than five m i n u t e s，w i t h h a r d l y a n y c h a t t o e v e r y o n e’s5 .For a man，slight problems may begin when the shop does not have whath e w a n t s.I n t h a t6 ，the salesman tries to sell the customer something else—he7 the nearest to the article required.A good salesman brings out such a substitute(代替品)8 ；he may say，“I know this jacket is not the style you want，sir，but would you like to try it for size？It9 to be the color you mentioned.〞Few men have 10 with this treatment，and the usual answer is：“This is the right color and may be the right size，but I shouldn’t be 11 my time and yours by trying it on.〞For a woman，buying clothes is always done in the 12 way.Her s h o p p i n g i s n o t o f t e n 13 on need.She has never fully decided what she wants，and she is only “having a look around〞．She is always 14 to persuasion，eep in her mind is the thought of finding something that 15 thinks suits her.Most women have an excellent sense of value and are always on the lookout for the unexpected 16 .Faced with a roomful of dresses，a woman may easily spenda n h o u r g o i n g f r o m o n e r a i l t o a n o t h e r17 selecting the dress she wants to 18 .It is a tiresome process，butc l e a r l y a(n)19 one.Most dress shops provide chairs for the waiting 20 .语篇解读本文为说明文。
2019高考英语(江苏专用)二轮增分专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破九词句猜测_代词指代题课件
为定语修饰phones，and连接两个并列的谓语，一个是work off，一个 是have，所以and 后面的句子其实是 phones have database access to their providers’ system...，即their指代“手机的”。
this technology works off of radio signals sent out by satellites in
space.Since a cell phone already works like a two-way radio when
communicating with cell towers，the GPS capability simply extends the radio signal reach to space satellites.Phones equipped with full-featured capabilities work off of Java-based radio signals and have database access to their providers’ system for other data like mapping and voices.Location tracking，and giving directions to and from destinations are some of the more common uses for this technology.
专题三 第二节 分类突破
九、词句猜测——代词指代题
内容索引
感悟体会 名师点津
随堂限时练感ຫໍສະໝຸດ 体会(2018· 常州期末)
GPS technology is one of the latest and greatest developments within the
2019届高考英语二轮增分策略：第二部分-主旨大意题(含解析)
考纲解读高中英语教学大纲明确规定“侧重提高阅读能力”，这为我们的备考指明了方向。
分析近几年的高考英语试题，我们不难看出，阅读理解是高考试题中难度最大，区分度最高的题型，自始至终占据着主导地位。
阅读理解能力属于语言的领会技能，它不仅考查对语篇的整体把握能力，而且考查快速捕捉信息、准确理解特定细节以及复杂句子的能力。
不仅要准确理解文章表层的意思，还要通过表层去推理、判断。
除此之外，还涉及非语言因素，如：对所学语言国家的社会和文化背景知识的掌握、生活常识、逻辑知识和语言修养等。
考情分析纵观近几年各地英语试卷，阅读理解题有如下特点：1．突出语用，体裁多样，题材丰富阅读理解题体裁分布包括记叙文、说明文、应用文和议论文等，涉及的话题新颖广泛，体现了其多样化、现代化和生活化的特点，综合反映了政治、经济、文化和生活的各个方面，具有鲜明的英语语言文化特点，体现了“语言是文化的载体”这一重要理念。
2．信息密集，句子优美，结构复杂阅读理解题每篇都是以简约的语言负载高含量的信息，要求准确迅速地从特定的语篇中有目的地获取信息。
阅读理解文章的句子原汁原味、语言地道、纯正优美，而且篇章结构和句子结构都有一定的难度。
各篇或在时间顺序上，或在空间顺序上，或在逻辑推理上，均使用了较高级的组篇手段。
结构复杂的长句、倒装句、省略句以及插入语等也随处可见。
3．细节为主，推理随后，主旨突出阅读理解题型分布合理，以细节理解题和推理判断题为主，主旨大意题几乎每年都考。
各个题型的分布已逐步成熟且趋于平稳。
阅读理解分为五大题型：主旨大意题、细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题和篇章结构题。
考点1 主旨大意之精确归纳标题真题解密Doctors are known to be terrible pilots.They don’t listen because they already know it all.I was lucky：I became a pilot in 1970，almost ten years before I graduated from medical school.I didn’t realize then，but becoming a pilot makes me a better surgeon.I loved flying.As I flew bigger，faster planes，and in worse weather，I learned about crew resource management(机组资源管理)，or CRM，a new idea to make flying safer.It means that crew members should listen and speak up for a good result，regardless of positions.I first read about CRM in 1980.Not long after that，an attending doctor and I were flying in bad weather.The controller had us turn too late to get our landing ready.The attending doctor was flying；I was safety pilot.He was so busy because of the bad turn，he had forgotten to put the landing gear(起落架) down.He was a better pilot—and my boss—so it felt unusual to speak up.But I had to：Our lives were in danger.I put aside my uneasiness and said，“We need to put the landing gear down now！”That was my first real lesson in the power of CRM，and I’ve used it in the operating room ever since.CRM requires that the pilot/surgeon encourage others to speak up.It further requires that when opinions are from the opposite，the doctor doesn’t overreact，which might prevent fellow doctors from voicing opinions again.So when I’m in the operating room，I ask for ideas and help from othe rs.Sometimes they’re not willing to speak up.But I hope that if I continue to encourage them，someday someone will keep me from “landing_gear_up”．(2019·新课标全国Ⅱ，A)36．What does the author say about doctors in general?A．They like flying by themselves.B．They are unwilling to take advice.C．They pretend to be good pilots.D．They are quick learners of CRM.答案 B解析细节理解题。
江苏专用2019高考英语二轮增分策略 专题三 阅读理解 第二节 分类突破 4 推理判断细节推断题优选习题.doc
四、推理判断——细节推断题It was already midnight and I was walking quickly out of Recovery Room，knowing I had to be back early next morning.Though in a hurry，I noticed a lone woman with an anxious look on her face.As it turned out，her daughter-in-law had just been transferred to Intensive Care，so I decided to take her up there.Down the hall，she stated，“I bet you’re trying to leave，aren’t you？” I confirmed her observation，adding that it was quite all right.We soon arrived，and upon talking with the patient’s nurse，I was able to let her in right away.She turned to me and said，“Thank you，you will be blessed.”The next day，on my way home after my day shift，I noticed a voice mail from my sister in Rochester，which gave me an uneasy feeling.I had to pull off the road as I listened to her message：“Mom had a stroke；she’s in the hospital and the Neurologist said it doesn’t look good.” My mind darted back to the words I had heard the night before as I cried out with anger：“This is a blessing？”The following day I flew up to Rochester.My brother picked me up from the airport and we soon arrived at the hospital.I walked into my mom’s room and she looked as if I had never seen her before.Her usual bright smile was replaced with a look of emptiness.All at once the cruel reality of the signs and symptoms of a fresh stroke were there，but I wasn’t the instructor，I was just a family member. My mom seemed to recognize me，and I fought back tears as I told her how much I loved her.Over the next five days，my mom made unexpected progress，as she began to speak a few words，slowly and almost painfully.With each milestone，it seemed the nurses and aides were almost as excited as we were.Everyone，without exception，treated my mom with kindness and compassion.I think the event that will stay in my memory forever occurred on my mom’s fourth day.It was time to repeat the swallowing study to assess if my mom could starteating.All four of us siblings hung together in the waiting room，nervous，our eyes shifting constantly to the door of 2607，anticipating and desperately hoping for good news.As her door opened，the therapist came out with a smile；we instantly knew she had good news，and we collectively breathed a sigh of relief.Five days after her stroke，my mom was ready for transfer to a rehabilitation facility，and I was headed back down South.With a very heavy heart，I said goodbye to my mom and the staff from the Stroke Unit.On the way back home，I had plenty of time to think about my own experiences as a Recovery Room nurse.I could envision the smiles on so many of the faces of our patients as they leave our unit.I was also reminded of the fact that we as health care givers have a certain power：we can add to the stress of a patient’s hospital experience，or we can be the one ray of sunshine that leaves a smile on their face.Truly，there will always be the pain of knowing that my mom had a stroke，but my memories will always be tempered by the thoughtful care she received in the Stroke Unit.I have since reflected on the words of gratitude spoken to me a week earlier by the visitor I took to the ICU.Yes，I was blessed；it was the kind of blessing that will warm my heart forever.1．What actually made the author uneasy?A．That she had to listen to a voice mail from her sister.B．That she didn’t believe the blessing she had heard.C．That she sensed something wrong with her mom.D．That she must fly up to Rochester the next day.答案C解析推理判断题。
江苏专用2019高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破十主旨大意_标题归纳题课件20181216385
Among the bag makers’ arguments：many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags，which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport.And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at，they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.
的能源，故选D项。
解析 答案
27.What is the best title for the text?
A.Plastic，Paper or Neither √
B.Industry，Pollution and Environment
C.Recycle or Throw Away
D.Garbage Collection and Waste Control
The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement：reusable shopping bags.The stronger a reusable bag is， the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out.However， longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make.One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.
2019年高考英语(江苏专用)精准提分二轮试题专题三阅读理解第2节Word版含解析
第2节说明文题组训练一1(2018·江苏)In the 1760s，Mathurin Roze opened a series of shops that boasted(享有) a special meat soup called consommé.Although the main attraction was the soup，Roze’s chain shops also set a new standard for dining out，which helped to establish Roze as the inventor of the modern restaurant.Today，scholars have generated large amounts of instructive research about restaurants.Take visual hints that influence what we eat：diners served themselves about 20 percent more pasta(意大利面食) when their plates matched their food.When a dark-colored cake was served on a black plate rather than a white one，customers recognized it as sweeter and more tasty.Lighting matters，too.When Berlin restaurant customers ate in darkness，they couldn’t tell how much they’d had：those given extra-large shares ate more than everyone else，but were none the wiser—they didn’t feel fuller，and they were just as ready for dessert.Time is money，but that principle means different things for different types of restaurants.Unlike fast-food places，fine dining shops prefer customers to stay longer and spend.One way to encourage customers to stay and order that extra round：put on some Mozart(莫扎特)．When classical，rather than pop，music was playing，diners spent more.Fast music hurried diners out.Particular scents also have an effect：diners who got the scent of lavender(薰衣草) stayed longer and spent more than those who smelled lemon，or no scent.Meanwhile，things that you might expect to discourage spending—“bad” tables，crowding，high prices—don’t necessarily.Diners at bad tables—next to the kitchen door，say—spent nearly as much as others but soon fled.It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not “be overly concerned about ‘bad’ tables，” given that they’re profitable.As for crowds，a Hong Kong study found that they increased a restaurant’s reputation，suggesting great food at fair prices.And doubling a buffet’s price led customers to say that its pizza was 11 percent tastier.1．The underlined phrase “none the wiser”in Paragraph 3 most probably implies that the customers were .A．not aware of eating more than usualB．not willing to share food with othersC．not conscious of the food qualityD．not fond of the food provided答案 A解析词义猜测题。
江苏专用2019高考英语二轮增分策略 专题三 阅读理解 第二节 分类突破 10 主旨大意标题归纳题优选习题.doc
27．What is the best title for the text?
A．Plastic，Paper or Neither
B．Industry，Pollution and Environment
C．Recycle or Throw Away
D．Garbage Collection and Waste Control
26．What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers?
A．They are quite expensive.
B．Replacing them can be difficult.
C．They are less strong than plastic bags.
(2)一般文章的标题可根据主题句来判断，但在某些文章中，如记叙文，没有明确的主题句，需要根据文中的事实细节，查找文章的“主线”，归纳出文章的主题。
2．文章标题三特点
(1)一般为单词、短语或句子形式，短语居多；
(2)短小精悍，精确性强；
江苏2019届高考英语二轮增分策略专题二完形填空第二节分类突破题型三说明文优选习题
三、说明文Men and women may have different experiences in shopping for clothes.A man goes shopping because he needs something.His purpose is settled and decidedi n1 .He knows what he wants，and his2 is to find it and buy it.All men3 walk into a shop and ask the shop assistant for what they want.If the shop has it in stock(库存)，the deal can be done and4 is completed in less than five minutes，with hardlya n y c h a t t o e v e r y o n e’s5 .For a man，slight problems may begin when the shop does not have what he wants.In t h a t 6 ，the salesman tries to sell the customer something else—he 7 the nearest to the article required.A good salesman brings out such a substitute(替代品) 8 ；he may say，“I know this jacket is not the style you want，sir，but would you like to try it for size？It 9 to be the color you mentioned.” Few men have 10 with this treatment，and the usual answer is：“This is the right color and m ay be the right size，but I shouldn’t be 11 my time and yours by trying it on.”For a woman，buying clothes is always done in the 12 way.Her shopping is n o t o f t e n13 on need.She has never fully decided what she wants，and she is only “havinga lo ok around”．She is always 14 to persuasion，willing to try on any number of things.Deep in her mind is the thought of finding something that 15 thinks suits her.Most women have an excellent sense of value and are always on the lookout for the unexpected 16 .Faced with a roomful of dresses，a woman may easily spenda n h o u r g o i n g f r o m o n e r a i l t o a n o t h e r17 selecting the dress she wants to 18 .It is a tiresome process，but clearly a(n) 19 one.Most dress shops provide chairs for the waiting 20 .语篇解读本文为说明文。
江苏专用2019高考英语二轮增分策略 专题二 完形填空 第二节 分类突破 题型一 记叙文习题
第二节分类打破一、记述文(2021·江苏)Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless due to their wrong investment.Their savings had been 36 to pay lawyers’ fees.To make matters worse，Moth was diagnosed(诊疗) with a 37 disease.There was no 38 ，only pain relief.Failing to find any other way out，they decided to make a 39 journey，as they caught sight of an old hikers’(徒步旅游者) guide.This was a long journey of unaccustomed hardship and 40 recovery.When leaving home，Raynor and Moth had just ￡320 in the bank.They planned to keep the 41 low by living on boiled noodles，with the 42 hamburger shop treat.Wild camping is 43 in England.To avoid being caught，the Winns had to get their tent up44 and packed it away early in the morning.The Winns soon discovered that daily hiking in their 50s is a lot 45 than they remember it was in their 20s.Raynor 46 h，meanwhile，after an initial 47 ，found his symptoms w e r e s t r a n g e l y48 by their daily tiring journey.49 ，the couple found that their bodies turned for the better，with re-found strong muscles that they thought had 50 forever.“Our hair was f ried and falling out，nails broken，clothes51 to a thread，but we were alive.〞During the journey，Raynor began a career as a nature writer.She writes，“52 had taken every material thing from me and left me torn bare，an empty p a g e a t t h e e n d o f a(n)53 written book.It had also given me a 54 ，either to leave that page 55 or to keep writing the story with hope.I chose hope.〞36．A.drawn up B．used upC．backed up D．kept up答案B分析文章开头交代，夫妇俩因投资不妥而变得无家可归。
2019高考英语二轮培优江苏专用课件：专题三 阅读理解
要求
考纲解读 高中英语教学大纲明确规定“侧重提高阅读能力”，这为我们的备考 指明了方向。分析近几年的高考英语试题，我们不难看出，阅读理解
题所给的选项中选出最佳选 考 查 主 旨 大 项。题材广泛，包括科普、 意 、 细 节 理 社会、文化、政治、经济等 解 、 推 理 判 多方面内容。体裁多样，以 断 、 词 义 猜
是高考试题中难度最大，区分度最高的题型，自始至终占据着主导地
位。阅读理解能力属于语言的领会技能，它不仅考查对语篇的整体把 握能力，而且考查快速捕捉信息、准确理解特定细节以及复杂句子的 能力。不仅要准确理解文章表层的意思，还要通过表层去推理、判断。 除此之外，还涉及非语言因素，如：对所学语言国家的社会和文化背 景知识的掌握、生活常识、逻辑知识和语言修养等。
C.it has a modern European-style garden
D.it sells excellent European glass collections 答案 B [细节理解题。根据The Cloisters Museum and Gardens部分的前两句可知
November-February 10：00-16：45 Closed Thanksgiving Day, December 25, and January 1.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇应用文，介绍了纽约大都会艺术博物馆的参观须知。
56.How much may they pay if an 11-year-old girl and her working parents visit the museum? A.$12.
记叙文、议论文、说明文为 测等题型。
主。
江苏高考阅读理解近五年考情分布明细统计
(江苏专用)2019高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破五推理判断_观点态度题课件
28.Why is hamburger mentioned in Paragraph 2? A.To explain Americans’ love for travelling by car.
√B.To show the influence of cars on American culture.
C.To stress the popularity of fast food with Americans. D.To praise the effectiveness of America’s road system. 解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture...even the hamburger.”可知， 汽车塑造了某些最持久的美国文化，其中就包括汉堡。由此可知，汽车 对于汉堡文化的形成，影响是非常大的。所以，在第二段中提及汉堡， 就是为了表明汽车对于美国文化有相当大的影响。故选B项。
The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster.In America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990.
解析 答案
29.What has the use of cars in America led to? A.Decline of economy.
√B.Environmental problems.
C.A shortage of oil supply. D.A farm-based society. 解 析 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 第 四 段 第 一 句 “The cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster.”可 知，驱动美国梦的汽车导致了全球性的生态灾难，即汽车的使用引起了 环境问题。故选B项。
江苏专用2019高考英语二轮增分策略专题三阅读理解第二节分类突破一细节理解_事实细节题课件20181216389
罗马的建立，因特网的缔造，罗马皇帝及百年战争等。故选B项。
解析
答案
名师点津
一、题型解读 事实细节题常以应用文的形式出现在考题中，涉及的话题有：广告类， 活动安排类，书籍电影介绍类，演出信息类等。设问方式以 5W1H(what，who，when，where，why和how)等开头的特殊疑问句。
二、解题技巧——题干定位，寻找信息 题干定位法是做事实细节题最基本的也是最常用的方法。事实细节题 主要考查对某句话或某几句话的理解，可根据题干内容从原文中找到 相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可以确定最佳答案。 “ 题干定 位法”分为三步： 第一步：先通过题干信息来选择定位词。定位词主要是题干中的名词、 动词和数词等，即问题的核心信息。例如上面【真题感悟】中的第 56 题题干中的定位词为CHRONOLOGICA。
direct a sweeping cinematic epic(电影史诗)． 语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文，作者向我们介绍了四本书的作者和具体内容。
语篇解读
1.What should people caring for the environment read? A.Amazon Adventure. √ B.Cosmic Commandos. C.Katana at Super Hero High. D.Lights，Camera，Middle School! 解析 细节理解题。根据 Amazon Adventure 部分中的 “exploration of
语篇解读
56.What is CHRONOLOGICA according to the text? A.A biography. C.A history book. √ 解析 B.A travel guide. D.A science fiction.
江苏专用2019高考英语二轮培优复习 专题三 阅读理解 第一讲 细节理解题习题.doc
第一讲│ 细节理解题一、题型解读细节理解题考查考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节的理解。
所谓细节理解题，是指原文提到了某事物、现象或理论，题干针对原文具体叙述进行发问。
常见的设题形式：抓住文章中的事实和细节是做好该类题的关键。
解题原则是忠实于原文及全篇的逻辑关系，决不能主观臆断。
此类题我们可以采用照题查阅法快速找出原文信息，然后仔细比对选项，从而选出正确答案。
二、设问方式细节理解题几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息。
常见的命题方式有：1.特殊疑问句形式。
以when，where，what，which，who，how much/many 等疑问词开头引出的问题。
2.判断是非的形式。
含有TRUE/FALSE，NOT true或EXCEPT等的判断是非的问题。
此时要注意题干中是否含有否定词，如not，never等。
3.以“According to...”开头的提问形式。
4.填空形式。
如The biggest challenge for most mothers is from ________.此类题目相对简单，只要考生认真细心，得分就会比较容易。
三、选项特征1.正确选项的特征(1)同义替换。
对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换。
如把lose one’s job换成了be out of work。
有时候词性或者语态有所变化。
把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，如把important改成of importance；改变原文中句子的语态，即主动语态与被动语态的转换。
(2)语言简化。
把原文中的复杂语言进行简化，设置为答案。
(3)正话反说。
把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。
2.干扰选项的特征(1)张冠李戴。
是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容。
(2)无中生有。
符合常识，但不是文章的内容。
(3)曲解文意。
与原文的内容极其相似，只是在某个细节处有些变动。
(4)颠倒是非。
在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。
(5)正误参半。
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二、细节理解——间接信息题
(2018·全国Ⅰ，A)
Washington，D.C.Bicycle Tours
Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington，D.C.
Duration：3 hours
This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington，D.C.Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom.Reserve your spot before availability—and the cherry blossoms—disappear!
Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour
Duration：3 hours (4 miles)
Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington，D.C.Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop.Guided tour includes bike，helmet，cookies and bottled water.
Capital City Bike Tour in Washington，D.C.
Duration：3 hours
Morning or Afternoon，this bike tour is the perfect tour for D．C.newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington，D.C.in a healthy way with minimum effort.Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents，Congress，memorials，and fortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing.
Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour
Duration：3 hours (7 miles)
Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington，D.C.Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall.Frequent stops are made for photo taking as
your guide offers unique facts and history.Tour includes bike，helmet，and bottled water.All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.
语篇解读本文是一篇应用文。
文章介绍了在华盛顿特区进行的四项自行车旅行。
21．Which tour do you need to book in advance?
A．Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington，D.C.
B．Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour.
C．Capital City Bike Tour in Washington，D.C.
D．Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour.
答案 A
解析细节理解题。
根据第一项自行车旅行中的最后一句“Reserve your spot before availability—and the cherry blossoms—disappear！”可知，这项自行车旅行需要提前预订。
其他三项自行车旅行都没有提到需要预订。
22．What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?
A．Meet famous people.
B．Go to a national park.
C．Visit well-known museums.
D．Enjoy interesting stories.
答案 D
解析细节理解题。
根据第三项自行车旅行中的第二句“Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents，Congress，memorials，and parks.”可知，在Capital City Bike Tour中，导游会为你讲述关于总统、国会、纪念碑和公园的最有趣的故事。
23．Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide?
A．City maps. B．Cameras.
C．Meals. D．Safety lights.
答案 D
解析细节理解题。
由题干中的at night可定位到最后一项自行车旅行。
根据最后两句“Tour includes bike，helmet，and bottled water.All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights.”可知，在晚上进行的这项自行车旅行给游客配备了安全灯。