Computer simulation of fiber-optic cable failures due to dry-band arcing
光纤通信技术外文翻译中英对照
Optical Fiber Communication TechnologyOptical fiber communication is the use of optical fiber transmission signals, the transmission of information in order to achieve a means of communication. 光导纤维通信简称光纤通信。
Referred to as optical fiber communication optical fiber communications. 可以把光纤通信看成是以光导纤维为传输媒介的“有线”光通信。
Can be based on optical fiber communication optical fiber as transmission medium for the "wired" optical communication. 光纤由内芯和包层组成,内芯一般为几十微米或几微米,比一根头发丝还细;外面层称为包层,包层的作用就是保护光纤。
Fiber from the core and cladding of the inner core is generally a few microns or tens of microns, than a human hair; outside layer called the cladding, the role of cladding is to protect the fiber. 实际上光纤通信系统使用的不是单根的光纤,而是许多光纤聚集在一起的组成的光缆。
In fact the use of optical fiber communication system is not a single fiber, but that brings together a number of fiber-optic cable componentsOptical fiber communication is the use of light for the carrier with fiber optics as a transmission medium to spread information from one another means of communication. 1966年英籍华人高锟博士发表了一篇划时代性的论文,他提出利用带有包层材料的石英玻璃光学纤维,能作为通信媒质。
通信英语(第四版)课后习题名词解释答案加翻译句子
1.PCM原理抽样量化与编码:sampling,quantizing and coding话路:speech channel幅值: amplitude value抽样频率: sampling frequency抽样速率: sampling rate脉冲流: stream of pulses重复率: repetition rate编码过程: coding process模拟信号: analog signal传输质量: transmission quality数字通信: digital communication数字传输: digital transmission含噪声的环境: noisy environment传输路由: transmission path信噪比 :signal-to-noise ratio信号电平 :signal levels噪声功率: noise power地面系统: terrestrial system二进制传输: binary transmission反向操作: reverse operation8-位码序列: 8-digit sequence接受端: receiving terminal帧格式 :frame format同步字 :synchronization word实现这三项功能的方案 :the schemes for performing these three functions一串幅值: a series of amplitude values电话质量的话路 a speech channel of telephone quality一个8位二进制码的序列: a sequence of 8-binary digits理论上的最小抽样频率 :a minimum theoretical sampling frequency占据着300Hz到3.4kHz频率范围的话路: a voice channel occupying the range 300Hz to 3.4kHz 每个样值8-位码: 8-digits per sample value汽车点火系统的打火: the sparking of a car ignition system重复率为64kHz的脉冲流: the stream of the pulses with a repetition rate of 64kHz真实信号与噪声信号的关系: relationship of the true signal to the noise signal由卫星上接受到的信号 :the signal received from a satellite一条特定消息中的全部信息 :the complete informatian about a particular message被传信号的波形 :the shape of the transmitted signal由传输路由引入的衰减: the attenuation introduced by transmission path将抽样的幅值转换成一串脉冲的单元 :the unit that converts sampled amplitude value to a set of pulses涉及到第一路，第二路及其他各路的序列: a sequence relating to channel 1,2 and so on被称为同步字的独特码序列: a unique sequence of pulses called synchronization word地面系统 :terrestrial system脉冲的“有”或“无” : the presence or absence of the pulses高速的电子开关: a high-speed electronic switch时分多路复用器 :the time division multiplexer时分多路复用 :Time Division Multiplexer2.异步串行数据传输串行接口 serial interface显示终端 CRT terminal发送器与接收器 transmitter and receiver数据传输 data transmission数据流 data stream闲置状态 the idle state传号电平 mark level空号电位 space level起始位 start bit停止位 stop bitT秒的持续时间 duration of T seconds奇偶校检位 parity bit错误标志 error flag传输错误 transmission error下降沿 fallinf edge符号间的空格 intersymbol space接收机的定时 receiver timing本地时钟 local clock磁带 magnetic tape控制比特 control bit逻辑1电平 logical 1 level二进制数据 binary data明显的缺点 obvious disadvantage异步串行数据传输 asynchronous serial data transmission最为流行的串行接口 the most popular serial interface所传送的数据 the transmitted data发送器与接收器的时钟 the clocks at the transmitter and receiver电传机的时代 the era of teleprinter一个字符的点和划 the dots and dashs of a character符号间空格持续时间的三倍 three times the duration of intersymbol space被称为字符的比特组 the group of bits called characters由7或8个比特的信息组成的固定单元 the invariable units comprising 7 or 8 bits of information 由接收机本地产生的时钟 a clock generated locally by the receiver在字符后所收到的奇偶校检位 the received parity bit following the character起始位的下降沿 the falling edge of the start bit数据链路面向字符的特性 the character-oriented nature of the data link3.数据通信地下电缆 underground cable通信卫星 communication satellite微波设备 microwave facilities调制器与解调器 modulator and demodulator缓冲器 buffer定时信号 timing signals同步脉冲 synchronization pulses时隙 time slot移位寄存器 shift register传输媒体 transmission medium线形衰弱 linear attenuation信息安全 information security键盘 keyboard数据终端 data terminals某种类型的数据转换设备 some type of data conversion equipment视频显示终端 visual display terminal称为数据调制解调器的双向数据发送接收机 two-way data transmistter-receiver called a data modem 全双工的数据传输系统 full-duplex data trandmission system由数据处理器的运算速率所决定的速率 the rate determined by the operating speed of the data processor由接口部件来的定时信号 timing signals from the interface assembly磁心存储器 magnetic core memories线性衰减和时延特性 linear attenuation and delay characteristics传输损伤 transmission impairments语音中的冗余特性 the redundant nature of speech在数据发送器中的编码过程 coding process in the data transmitter二进制的不归零信号 binary nonreturn-to-zero signal4.互联网网络资源：network resource信息服务：information services远程终端：remote terminals互联的系统：interconnected systems命令：command电子邮件：electronic mail主机：host无线信道：wireless channels搜索工具：searching tools用户界面：user interface存取：access文本信息：textual messages协议：protocol超文本协议：hypertext protocol分布在全世界的计算机的巨大网络：gaint network of computers located all over the world主干系统：backbone system全国范围的网络：nationwild network电子会议：electronic conferences实时对话：live conversation最大的信息库the largest repository of the computers on the net网络设备资源：network facilities resources在网上的绝大多数计算机：the vast majority of the computer on the netUNIX操作系统：the UNIX operating system在因特网和你的PC机之间传送数据的方法：a way to move data between the internet and your PC 方便的搜索工具：the convenient searching tools联网的超文本协议：the network hypertext protocol5.光纤通信介绍光纤通信:optical fiber communications光源：light source波长：wavelength激光器：laser色散：dispersion传输介质：transmission medium多模光纤：multi-mode fiber长途干线：long-houl trunks单模光纤：singer-mode fiber带宽：bandwidth带宽用户：wideband subscriber纤维光学：fiber-optics商用技术：commercial technologe门限电流：threshod current光检测器：photodetector波分复用：wavelength multiplexing纤维光网络：fiber-optic network视频带宽：video bandwidth长途传输：long distance transmission中继距离：repeater spacing已装光纤的总长度：the total length of installed fiber长途通信系统：long-haul telecommunication system低衰减的石英纤维：the low-loss silica fiber衰减接近瑞利极限的光纤：fibers with losses approaching the Rayleigh limit室温下的门限电流：room temperature threshold currents较长波长区：the longer wavelength region用户接入工程：subscriber access project部件性能和可靠性的改进：improvements in component performance and reliability已安装的光纤系统的数据速率：data rates for installed fibre optic system每秒吉比特：gigabit per second range波分复用：wavelength multiplexing带宽用户环路系统：widebend subscriber loop system多纤连接器：multifibre connectors设计寿命：projected lifetime光源：light source单模光纤：single-mode fibre分布反馈式激光器：distributed-feedback laser信息容量：information capacity交换体系：switching hierarchy带宽业务：broadband services9.蜂窝式移动电话系统蜂窝式移动电话：cellular mobile telephone服务性能：services performance频谱：frequency spectrum频带：frequency band微处理器：microprocessor移动手机：mobile unit广播业务：broadcast servise天线：antenna子系统：subsystems移动用户：mobile subscriber服务能力：service capability利用率：utilization带宽：bandwidth单边带：single-sideband扩频：spread spectrum大规模集成电路：large scale integrated circuits蜂窝点：cellular site蜂窝交换机：cellular switch无线机架：radio cabinet呼叫处理：call processing频谱利用率：frequency spectrum utilization有限的指定频带：the limited assigend ferquency band 服务区：servise area复杂的特性和功能：complicated features and functions大规模集成电路技术：large-scale integraesd circuit technology试验性的蜂窝系统：developmental cellular system中央协调单元：central coordinating element蜂窝管理：cellular administration传统移动电话的运行限制：operational limitiation of conventional mobile telephone system 有限的服务能力：limitied service capability无线通信行业：radio communcation industry可用的无线电频谱：available radio frequency spectrum所分配的频带：the allocated frequency band移动收发信机：mobile transceiver技术上的可行性：techological feasibility严格的频谱限制：severe spectrum limitations调频广播业务：FM broadcasting services传播路径衰耗：propagration path loss多径衰耗：multipath fading电话公司地方局:telephone company zone offices10.全球移动通信系统个人通信 personal communcation通信标准 communcation standrads固定电话业务 fixed telephone services网络容量 network capability移动交换中心 mobile switching center国际漫游 international roaming宽带业务 broadband services接口转换 interface conversion频谱分配 frequency allocation模拟方式 analogue mode蜂窝通信原理 cellular communcation principe拥塞 jamming蜂窝裂变 cellular splitting基站 base station寄存器 register收费功能 billing function接入方法 access method突发脉冲传输方式 brusty transimission mode开销信息 overhead information切换算法 handover algorithms短消息服务 short message services技术规范 technical specificationtotal access communcation system 全接入的通信系统global mobile communcation system 全球移动通信系统time division multiple access 时分多址facsimile and short message services 传真和短消息服务fixed communcation networks 固定通信网络a more personalized system 更加个性化的系统the cost and quality of the link 链路的价格和质量market growth 市场的发展fixed telephone service 固定电话服务coxial cable 同轴电缆interface convision 接口转换cellular communcation priciple 蜂窝通信原则frequency reuse and cell splitting 频率复用和蜂窝裂变cochannel interference 共信道干扰theoretical spectual capability 理论上的频谱容量micro-cellular system 微蜂窝系统base station transceiver 基站收发信机subscriber register 用户寄存器burst transmission mode 突发脉冲传输模式overhead information 开销信息advanced handover algorithms 先进的切换算法facsimile and short message services 传真和短消息服务the GSM technique specications GSM技术规范说明一1 . 研究二进制的传输可见, 只要简单地去判别脉冲的“有”和“无”, 我们就获得了一条消息的全部信息。
2017年12月大学英语四级真题试卷(二)含答案和解析
2017年12月大学英语四级真题试卷（二）作文1. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on how to best handle the relationship between teachers and students. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Teacher-student Relationship Is Never ComplexThe relationship between teachers and students has been hotly discussed in recent years in China for more and more attention has been paid to education. Today I would like to share some tips on how to get along well with teachers from students’ perspective.First and foremost, leave a good first impression on your teacher. As the saying goes, well begun is half done. A good first impression is important for teachers to remember your name among your fellow students. Secondly, study hard and be active in class. A student who loves study can definitely impress teachers deeply. Finally, keep contact with your teacher after class so that you could make friends with each other.To conclude, teacher-student relationship is never complex if you could have an excellent academic performance, be cooperative in class or make friends with your teacher.解析：短篇新闻2.(D)A. It was spotted by animal protection officials.B. It tries to look into the distance.C. It wants to catch people’s attention.D. Its picture won a photography prize.解析：新闻中提到，根据专家的说法，Pedals明显有一条腿或者爪子受伤，这导致它无法舒服地四肢着地行走，因此答案为D)。
光纤收发器的作用及调试方法
光纤收发器的作用及调试方法The function of a fiber optic transceiver is to transmit and receive data using fiber optic cables.光纤收发器的功能是利用光纤电缆传输和接收数据。
光纤收发器通常用于将数字和模拟信号转换为光信号，并将其传输到远程位置。
它们还可以将接收到的光信号转换回电信号。
Fiber optic transceivers are commonly used in telecommunications, data communications, and networking applications. They play a crucial role in enabling high-speed and high-bandwidth data transmission over long distances.光纤收发器广泛应用于电信、数据通信和网络应用中。
它们在实现长距离高速和高带宽数据传输方面发挥着至关重要的作用。
光纤收发器可在局域网、广域网和城域网中使用，以实现数据通信和网络连接。
When it comes to debugging a fiber optic transceiver, it is essential to first understand the potential issues that may arise. Commonproblems with fiber optic transceivers include signal loss, high bit error rate, and connectivity issues.谈到调试光纤收发器，首先需要了解可能出现的问题。
光纤收发器常见的问题包括信号丢失、高误码率和连接问题。
为了找出问题所在，可以通过检查光纤连接、测试光功率和利用光时域反射分析等方法来进行诊断和调试。
国家开放大学电大专科《英语阅读3》2022-2023期末试题及答案试卷号：2157
国家开放大学电大专科《英语阅读(3)》2022-2023期末试题及答案(试卷号:2157) Part 】Read PaMagr I and decide the morning of the following words with the help of (he context. The panigniph in which the word sppeam bi Indicated In brackets Write A. B» <>r C on your answer •hrc<. (30 potnUr 3 points each)1Agin* Crhb in Chinn1 M Agmgt M myji Alex Kalche« Head of thr ProtfrAmrne on Aging at the London School of Hygiene andTropical Medicine* "i・ the number one proldctn in the world. And i( it in not addroned now t there will be ncriouR conscqucncciu " It in fhc ^number one problem1* bccnuur the numbera of people over 60 — and particularly those over 80 urc growing fa«U The rapid auinff trend in (liiriA f s populnlion A I»O poncn immrdiiitc chiillrnKeii to Chincne society- How can Chinn Ucr thin rhullcngr? A・the social structure chonKeB in terms of drm<)Kmphic!i« no will tradition.2 In 1959 there were 200 million people over 60 in the world# uccounting (or 8 percent of the totalpopulation^ It IR predicted that in China• by 2000 . the numbrr of retired pcoplr will be scvcrnl times that of the mid-90"t. In 2020 they will hnvc incrrniird by several time* aRAin. The problem in th«t AS more and more people Itvc longer and thrir number* increanc both m actual numbcni and rrlntivr to the? general populatione there will bt? fewer people io c・re for them. The dependency rutio* AM it called • in A I AO it (fee ted by the fnct thnt women > who have been the irAditional CArctakcm of the elderly t «re bccomiriH more carccr-oricnrrd and arc not at home to care for their purcntiu3 Onr solution is Mrnior hom「、・Tradnionnlly• it 〞 considered a Chinrjic virtnr (orchildren (o uke core of their parrnu. But if people are workinH long hour*t older purentB (eel lonely At home* At senior citixcn cent rent they cmi grt good enrv from the who nrc A I no willing to li»trn to ihrir utorieik et When I firm came hcret I complnincd about my daughterdcciaiont But gradually< I began to like thin pl—" Wei Wonkuei* 86e MicL M The nurso arc more ■timtiwt? than a hou»e rnuid.and the food is tfoode " Wei AtnyitiK AI the Pcixin Senior Citisona Centre in Nanahi Dintrieh There arc only thrrr ncnior centres inthe Dong)mdu Neighbourhood in Nnnuhi DiMtwt. which in not enough (or morr than 20.000 people over the ngc of 60. However« the netghliourhucMl h.A about 15<000 laid-of( women wurkern who nrc caRer (or job., and the urea expects to open ncvcrnl new cent rm in the near future# The in not only encouraning individunU to run senior cilucn f» homentbut the government h»el( in building centres#4 Some nay thnt thrs< homes tsolute the elderly from the rest of society and that keeping an intcrKcncrationttl bond in nccessnry for a richt wi»r MKicty. Another moclrl which help* oid proplc to live more independently is known OM M carc in the community. " A unique example of thin in the °S()S lirll* for the Elderly w nyitrm which WMM introduced in (^hangqinu Neighbourhood tn thr Western District tn 1996. und hna proved AUccenAiuL Fnmilira were encouraged to volunteer to form mutual help "pairL with elderly people who had no children nearby to cure (or them. Belin were affixed nt the bedside of lonely nnd ill ncfiior citisenfi and connected to the hornr of the "pair houMchold> " When the bell thr helper KCMJB at once In May 1997. the Beijing Committee (or the Elderly hud emerxoncy belb inntalkd in 297 home* in Beijing10 districts^5 Although larger sociAl WC H MTC nysteru reform nerds to be undrrtakent thrive changesin the UnditionAl way of curing for old pcoplr uhow a ( hinn which ready nnd willing to deni with chnnge in A creative wny. Now ihflt M overpopulation K «nd Aging cnnin11nre necn ■・prublcmt by modern nocicty world-wide9 it in importnnt thnt the elderly are not ignored# alienated or nii>trcntcd> but ruthcr trranurcd for lheir grriH store of rxperirncee I hrMc arc problems that need thoughtful »olulionm Qurstlocift 1 — 10 arc l>M«cd on PmMigc LL Addressed (puniRniph 1)A. dijicuMHcd lit solved •(:• named.2< coiixequenceji (parARraph i ).A・ rcauhs B. rcAtonsC> prohlemji3. accountin|( for (pnrn|(raph 2) A.ftiving rxplanAtion* C> taking up cure for (pnrnKraph 2)A- likeG pay attention to5. n fleet cd (pnrnKraph 2>A< infliirnccd(\ incrcnurd6. willing (paragraph 3)A. eftgerprrpured It coming from K uke mre o( K drcrrAneti B. urihftppyKcud Passage 2 and choose cither A . B or (: to complete cnch of the following stntcmcntK WriteA. B or C on your answer Sect. (30 points. 3 points each)Passage 2 • • l>ata on Ocean Eloor* I At the water f « edge c( Balhmorc Harbor* two freshly painted grny ships await to be *enl out °n their next mission. These are the workhorses of the Information Revolution^ They are wiring the world to meet the explosive and ^ecminftly limitless demand (or Internets voice and video services> projected to be a $ 1 trillion-a-year global murket by20。
福建省2021届高三上学期11月英语试卷精选汇编：语法填空专题
语法填空专题福建省厦门双十中学2021届高三上学期期中考试英语试题第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Technological changes brought dramatic new options to Americans living in the 1990s. During this decade new forms of entertainment, commerce, research, and communication____56____(become) commonplace in the U. S. The driving force behind much of this change was an innovation ____57___(popular) known as the Internet.The Internet was developed during the 1970s by the Department of Defense. In the case of an attack, military advisers suggested __58__ advantage of being able to operate one computer from another terminal. In the early days, the Internet was used mainly by scientists to communicate with other scientists.One early problem faced by Internet users was speed. Phone ___59___(line) could only transmit information at a limited rate. The development of fiber-optic(光纤) cables allowed billions of bits of information ___60____(receive) every minute. Companies like Intel developed faster microprocessors, so personal computers could process the incoming signals more___61___(rapidly).In the early 1990s, the World Wide Web was developed, in large part, __62___ commercial purposes. Corporations created home pages ___63___ they could place text and graphics to sell products. Soon airline tickets, hotel reservations and even cars could be purchased online. Universities posted research data on the Internet, so students could find ____64____(value) information without leaving their dormitories. Companies soon discovered that work could be done at home and submitted online, so a whole new class of telecommuters began to earn a living from home offices unshaven and ___65____(wear) pajamas(睡衣).语法填空(1.5 *10=15)56.became, 57. the, 58.popularly 59. lines, 60. to be received, 61. more rapidly, 62.for, 63. where, 64. valuable, 65. wearing福州市八县（市）协作校2020-2021 学年第一学期半期联考高三英语试卷第二节语法填空（共10 小题；每小题1.5 分，满分15 分）With less people 56 (choose) to make sugar paintings, the traditional Chinese folk craft might have become a distant memory in some ways. However, a 38-year-old craftsman, Li Jiangzhong, devotes himself to 57 (keep) the art of sugar painting a live.Li worked as a miner for more than ten years. After 58 mine closed down, Li turned 59 housing decoration, until he 60 (force) to give that up due to a finger injury. Earlier this year, he discovered sugar painting, something he really had an interest in.Since there was no sugar painting craftsman in his village, he studied by 61 (he) through large quantities of videos and information on the Internet. Li loved painting when he was young, and he found it easy to learn the skill in sugar painting. He soon mastered the skill and could make 62 (vary) sugar paintings. A sugar painting is made with 63 (melt) brown or white sugar. Craftsman normally paint animals and flowers on a stone board 64 the syrup( 糖浆). When the sugar cools down, 65 appears is a piece of sugar art.第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）56. choosing 57. keeping 58. the 59. to 60. was forced 61. himself 62. various 63. melted 64. with 65. what福建省龙岩市六县（市区）一中2021届高三上学期期中联考英语试题第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
2017年12月英语四级真题和答案解析（第二套）
2017年12⽉英语四级真题和答案解析（第⼆套）20XX年12⽉⼤学英语四级考试真题(第2套)Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on how to best handle the relationship between teachers and students. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) It tries to entertain its audience. C) It wants to catch people’s attention.B) It tries to look into the distance. D) It has got one of its limbs injured.2. A) It was spotted by animal protection officials.B) It was filmed by a local television reporter.C) Its videos were posted on social media.D) Its picture won a photography prize.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) The distance travelled C) The spending on gas.B) The incidence of road accidents. D) The number of people travelling.4. A) Fewer people are commuting. C) Job growth is slowing down.B) Gas consumption is soaring. D) Rush-hour traffic is worsening.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) He told a stranger the sad story about himself.B) He helped a stranger to carry groceries to his car.C) He went up to a stranger and pulled at his sleeves.D) He washed a stranger’s ca r in return for some food.6. A) He ordered a lot of food for his family. C) He raised a large sum of money for him.B) He gave him a job at his own company. D) He offered him a scholarship for college.7. A) He works hard to support his family. C) He is very good at making up stories.B) He is an excellent student at school. D) He has been disabled since boyhood.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) Attended an economics lecture. C) Had a drink at Queen Victoria.B) Taken a walk on Charles Street. D) Had dinner at a new restaurant.9. A) Treat a college friend to dinner. C) Attend his brother’s birthday party.B) Make preparations for a seminar. D) Visit some of his high school friends.10. A) Gather statistics for his lecture.B) Throw a surprise birthday party.C) Meet with Jonathan’s friends on the weekend.D) Join him in his brother’s birthday celebration.11. A) By car. B) By train. C) By taxi. D) By bus.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) Taking a vacation abroad. C) Saving enough money for a rainy day.B) Reviewing for his last exam. D) Finding a better way to earn money.13. A) Preparing for his final exams. C) Working part time as a waiter.B) Negotiating with his boss for a raise. D) Helping the woman with her courses.14. A) Finish her term paper. C) Learn a little bit of Spanish.B) Save enough money. D) Ask her parent’s permission.15. A) He has rich sailing experience. C) He is also eager to go to Spain.B) He speaks Spanish fluently. D) He is easy to get along with.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you mast choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) She went to the same university as her mother.B) She worked as a nurse in the First World War.C) She won the Nobel Prize two times.D) She was also a Nobel Prize winner.17. A) She fought bravely in a series of military operations.B) She developed X-ray facilities for military hospitals.C) She helped to set up several military hospitals.D) She made donations to save wounded soldiers.18. A) Both died of blood cancer. C) Both won military medals.B) Both fought in World War I. D) Both married their assistants.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) They were the first settlers in Europe.B) They were the conquerors of Norway.C) They discovered Iceland in the ninth century.D) They settled on a small island north of England.20. A) It was some five hundred miles west of Norway.B) It was covered with green most time of the year.C) It was the Vikings’ most important discovery.D) It was a rocky mass of land covered with ice.21. A) The Vikings, ocean explorations. C) The Vikings’ everyday life.B) The making of European nations. D) The Europeans’ Arcti c discoveries. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) Work hard for a better life. C) Dream about the future.B) Make mistakes now and then. D) Save against a rainy day.23. A) Teach foreign languages for the rest of his life.B) Change what he has for his past imaginary world.C) Exchange his two-story house for a beach cottage.D) Dwell on the dreams he had dreamed when young.24. A) Criminal law. C) Oriental architecture.B) City planning. D) International business.25. A) Dream and make plans. C) Be content with what you have.B) Take things easy in life, D) Enjoy whatever you are doing.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one wordfor each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Technological changes brought dramatic new options to Americans living in the 1990s. During this decade new forms of entertainment, commerce, research, and communication became commonplace in the U. S. The driving force behind much of this change was a (n) 26 popularly known as the Internet.The Internet was developed during the 1970s by the Department of Defense. In the case of an attack, military advisers suggested the 27 of being able to operate one computer from another terminal. In the early days, the Internet was used mainly by scientists to communicate with other scientists. The Internet 28 under government control until 1984.One early problem faced by Internet users was speed. Phone lines could only transmit information at a 29 rate. The development of fiber-optic (光纤)cables allowed for billions of bits of information to be received every minute. Companies like Intel developed faster microprocessors, so personal computers could process the 30 signals at a more rapid rate.In the early 1990s, the World Wide Web was developed, in large part, for 31 purposes. Corporations created home pages where they could place text and graphics to sell products. Soon airline tickets, hotel 32 , and even cars and homes could be purchased online. Universities33 research data on the Internet, so students could find 34 information without leaving their dormitories. Companies soon discovered that work could be done at home and 35 online, so a whole new class of telecommuters began to earn a living from home offices unshaven and wearing pajamas (睡⾐).Section BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Health Benefits of KnittingA) About 15 years ago, I was invited to join a knitting group. I agreed to give it a try.B) My mother had taught me to knit at 15, and I knitted in class throughout college and for a few years thereafter. Then decades passed without my touching a knitting needle. But within two Mondays in the group, I was hooked, not only on knitting but also on crocheting (钩织), and I was on my way to becoming a highly productive crafter.C) I’ve made countless baby blankets, sweaters, scarves, hats, caps for newborns. I take a knitting project with me everywhere, especially when I have to sit still and listen. As I discovered in college, when my hands are busy, my mind stays focused on the here and now.D) It seems, too, that I’m part of a national renewal of interest in needle and other handicrafts (⼿⼯艺).The Craft Yam Council reports that a third of women ages 25-35 now knit or crochet. Ev en men and schoolchildren are swelling the ranks, among them my Mend’s three small grandsons. Last April, the council created a Stitch Away Stress” campaign in honor of National Stress Awareness Month. Dr. Herbert Benson, a pioneer in mind/body medicine and author of The Relaxation Response, says that the repetitive action of needlework can induce a relaxed state like that associated with meditation (沉思) and yoga. Once you get beyond the initial learning curve, knitting and crocheting can lower heart rate and blood pressure.E) But unlike meditation, craft activities result in tangible and often useful products that can enhance self-esteem. I keep photos of my singular accomplishments on my cellphone to boost my spirits when needed.F) Since the 1990s, the council has surveyed hundreds of thousands of knitters and crocheters, who routinely list stress relief and creative fulfillment as the activities’ main benefits. Among them is the father of a prematurely born daughter who reported that during the baby’s fi ve weeks in the intensive care unit, “learning how to knit infant hats gave me a sense of purpose during a time that I felt very helpless. It’s a hobby that I’ve stuck with, and it continues to help me copewith stress at work, provide a sense of order in hectic (忙乱的) days, and allow my brain time to solve problems.”G) A recent email from the yam (纺纱) company Red Heart titled “Health Benefits of Crocheting and Knitting” prompted me to explore what else might be known about the health value of activities like knitting. My research revealed that the rewards go well beyond replacing stress and anxiety with the satisfaction of creation.H) For example, Karen Hayes, a life coach in Toronto, conducts knitting therapy programs, including Knit to Quit to help smokers give up the habit, and Knit to Heal for people coping with health crises, like a cancer diagnosis or serious illness of a family member. Schools and prisons with craft programs report that they have a calming effect and enhance social skills. And having to follow instructions on complex craft projects can improve children’s math skills.I) Some people find that craftwork helps them control their weight. Just as it’s challenging to smoke while knitting, when hands are holding needles and hooks, there’s le ss snacking and mindless eating out of boredom.J) I’ve found that my handiwork with yam has helped my arthritic (患关节炎的)fingers remain more dexterous (灵巧的) as I age. A woman encouraged to try knitting and crocheting after developing an autoimmune disease that caused a lot of hand pain reported on the Craft Yam Council site that her hands are now less stiff and painful.K) A 2009 University of British Columbia study of 38 women with an eating disorder who were taught to knit found that learning the craft led to significant improvements. Seventy-four percent of the women said the activity lessened their fears and kept them from thinking about their problem.L) Betsan Corkhill, a wellness coach in Bath, England, and author of the book Knit for Health & Wellness, established a website, Stitchlinks, to explore the value of what she calls therapeutic knitting. Among her respondents, 54 percent of those who were clinically depressed said that knitting made them feel happy or very happy. In a study of 60 self-selected people with persistent pain, Ms. Corkhill and colleagues reported that knitting enabled them to redirect their focus, reducing their awareness of pain. She suggested that the brain can process just so much at once, and that activities like knitting and crocheting make it harder for the brain to register pain signals. Perhaps most exciting is research that suggests that crafts like knitting and crocheting may help to keep off a decline in brain function with age. In a 2011 study, researchers led by Dr. Yonas Geda at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester interviewed a random (随机的) sample of 1,321 people ages 70-89, most of whom were cognitively (在认知⽅⾯) normal, about the cognitive activities they engaged in late in life. The study, published in the Journal of Neuropsychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, found that those who engaged in crafts like knitting and crocheting had adiminished chance of developing mild cognitive disorder and memory loss.M) Although it is possible that only people who are cognitively healthy would pursue such activities, those who read newspapers or magazines or played music did not show similar benefits. The researchers speculate that craft activities promote the development of nerve pathways in the brain that help to maintain cognitive health.N) In support of that suggestion, a 2014 study by Denise C. Park of the University of Texas at Dallas and colleagues demonstrated that learning to knit or do digital photography enhanced memory function in older adults. Those who engaged in activities that were not intellectually challenging, either in a social group or alone, did not show such improvements.O) Given that sustained social contacts have been shown to support health and a long life, those wishing to maximize the health value of crafts might consider joining a group of like-minded folks.I for one try not to miss a single weekly meeting of my knitting group.36. When the author was a college student, she found that knitting helped her concentrate.37. Knitting can help people stay away from tobacco.38. Even men and children are now joining the army of knitters.39. Being a member of a crafts group enhances one’s health and prolongs one’s life.40. Knitting diverts people’s attention from their pain.41. The author learnt to knit as a teenager, but it was not until she was much older that she became keenly interested.42. When people are knitting, they tend to eat fewer snacks.43. Survey findings show that knitting can help people relieve stress.44. According to a study, knitters and crocheters are less likely to suffer mild cognitive damage.45. The products of knitting can increase one’s sense of self-respect.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with asingle line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Nobody really knows how big Lagos is. What’s indisputable is that it’s growing very quickly. Between now and 2050, the urban population of Africa could triple. Yet cities in sub-Saharan Africa are not getting richer the way cities in the rest of the world have. Most urban Africans live in slums (贫民窟); migrants are often not much better off than they were in the countryside. Why?The immediate problem is poverty. Most of Africa is urbanising at a lower level of income than other regions of the world did. That means there’s little money around for investment that would make cities liveable and more productive. Without upgrades and new capacity, bridges, roads and power systems are unable to cope with expanding populations. With the exception of South Africa, the only light rail metro system in sub-Saharan Africa is in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Traffic jam leads to expense and unpredictability, things that keep investors away.In other parts of the world, increasing agricultural productivity and industrialization went together. More productive farmers meant there was a surplus that could feed cities; in turn, that created a pool of labour for factories. But African cities are different. They are too often built around consuming natural resources. Government is concentrated in capitals, so is the money. Most urban Africans work for a small minority of the rich, who tend to be involved in either cronyish (有裙带关系的)businesses or politics. Since African agriculture is still broadly unproductive, food is imported, consuming a portion of revenue.So what can be done? Though African countries are poor, not all African cities are. In Lagos, foreign oil workers can pay as much as $65,000 per year in rent for a modest apartment in a safe part of town. If that income were better taxed, it might provide the revenue for better infrastructure. If city leaders were more accountable to their residents, they might favour projects designed to help them more. Yet even as new roads are built, new people arrive. When a city’s population grows by 5% a year, it is difficult to keep up.46. What do we learn from the passage about cities in sub-Saharan Africa?A) They have more slums than other cities in the world.B) They are growing fast without becoming richer.C) They are as modernised as many cities elsewhere.D) They attract migrants who want to be better off.47. What does the author imply about urbanisation in other parts of the world?A) It benefited from the contribution of immigrants.B) It started when people’s income was relatively high.C) It benefited from the accelerated rise in productivity.D) It started with the improvement of people’s livelihood.48. Why is sub-Saharan Africa unappealing to investors?A) It lacks adequate transport facilities.B) The living expenses there are too high.C) It is on the whole too densely populated.D) The local governments are corrupted.49. In what way does the author say African cities are different?A) They have attracted huge numbers of farm labourers.B) They still rely heavily on agricultural productivity.C) They have developed at the expense of nature.D) They depend far more on foreign investment.50. What might be a solution to the problems facing African cities?A) Lowering of apartment rent. C) More rational overall planning.B) Better education for residents. D) A more responsible government.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.For the past several decades, it seems there’s been a general consensus on how to get ahead in America: Get a college education, find a reliable job, and buy your own home. But do Americans still believe in that path, and if they do, is it attainable?The most recent National Journal poll asked respondents about the American dream, what it takes to achieve their goals, and whether or not they felt a significant amount of control over their ability to be successful. Overwhelmingly, the results show that today, the idea of the American dream—and what it takes to achieve it—looks quite different than it did in the late 20th century.By and large, people felt that their actions and hard work—not outside forces—were thedeciding factor in how their lives turned out. But respondents had decidedly mixed feelings about what actions make for a better life in the current economy.In the last seven years, Americans have grown more pessimistic about the power of education to lead to success. Even though they see going to college as a fairly achievable goal, a majority—52 percent—think that young people do not need a four-year college education in order to be successful.Miguel Maeda, 42, who has a master’s degree and works in public health, was the first in his family to go to college, which has allowed him to achieve a sense of financial stability his parents and grandparents never did.While some, like Maeda, emphasized the value of the degree rather than the education itself, others still see college as a way to gain new perspectives and life experiences.Sixty-year-old Will Fendley, who had a successful career in the military and never earned a college degree, thinks “personal drive” is far more important than just going to college. To Fendley, a sense of drive and purpose, as well as an effective high-school education, and basic life skills, like balancing a checkbook, are the necessary ingredients for a successful life in America.51. It used to be commonly acknowledged that to succeed in America, one had to have ______.A) an advanced academic degree C) a firm belief in their dreamB) an ambition to get ahead D) a sense of drive and purpose52. What is the finding of the latest National Journal poll concerning the American dream?A) More and more Americans are finding it hard to realize.B) It remains alive among the majority of American people.C) Americans’ idea of it has changed over the past few decades.D) An increasing number of young Americans are abandoning it.53. What do Americans now think of the role of college education in achieving success?A) It still remains open to debate.B) It has proved to be beyond doubt.C) It is no longer as important as it used to be.D) It is much better understood now than ever.54. How do some people view college education these days?A) It promotes gender equality. C) It adds to cultural diversity.B) It needs to be strengthened. D) It helps broaden their minds.55. What is one factor essential to success in America, according to Will Fendley?A) A desire to learn and to adapt. C) A willingness to commit oneself.B) A strong sense of responsibility. D) A clear aim and high motivation.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed SO minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.华⼭位于华阴市，距西安120公⾥。
分布式光纤 应变-轴向变形、应变-竖向位移
英文回答：Distributed fiber optic sensing technology represents a robust and invaluable tool for the precise measurement of strain and deformation within a range of structures. Of particular significance is the capacity to measure axial strain, which denotes the strain occurring in the direction of the fiber. Through meticulous analysis of alterations in backscattered light within the fiber, it bes feasible to accurately ascertain the axial strain at various points along the length of the fiber. This capability holds particular relevance in scenarios where the monitoring of axial deformation within a structure is of paramount importance, such as in the assessment of pipelines, dams, and bridges. The distributed nature of fiber optic sensing technology enablesprehensive coverage of the structure, thereby yielding invaluable data for engineers and operators to assess both the structural integrity and performance with a high level of precision.分布式光纤感知技术是精确测量一系列结构内的菌株和变形的有力而宝贵的工具。
英语四级真题2017年12月(第二套)试卷及答案解析
2017年12月四级考试真题（第二套）Part I Writing { 30 minutes) D1rect10ns: 凡r this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on how to best handle the relationship between teachers and students. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.(25 minutes) Part II Listening ComprehensionSection A．Directions : In th· is section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you willhear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken onlyonce. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choicesmarked A) , B) , C) and D) . Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet Iwith a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A) Her friend Erika.B)Her little brother.C)Her grandfather.D)Her grandmother.2.A) By taking pictures for passers-by.B)By working part time at a hospital.C)By selling lemonade and pictures.D)By asking for help on social media.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A) Finding cheaper ways of highway construction.B)Generating electric power for passing vehicles.C)Providing clean energy to five million people.D)Testing the efficiency of the new solar panel.4.A) They can stand the wear and tear of natural elements.B)They can be laid right on top of existing highways.C)They are only about half an inch thick.D)They are made from cheap materials.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A) Endless fighting in the region.B)The hazards from the desert.C)Inadequate funding for research.D)The lack of clues about the species.6.A) To observe the wildlife in the two national parks.B)To identify the reasons for the lions'disappearance.C)To study the habitat of lions in Sudan and Ethiopia.D)To find evidence of the existence of the "lost lions" .7.A) Lions wa脰ng.B)Lions'tracks.C)Some camping facilities.D)Traps set by local hunters.Section B．Directions: 1几th'i s section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, youmust choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C) , and D) .Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.A) Her'lucky birthday'.B)A call from her dad.C)Her wedding anniversary.D)A special gift from the man.9.A) Gave her a big model plane.B)Bought her a good necklace.C)Took her on a trip overseas.D)Threw her a surprise party.10.A) The gift her husband has bought.B)The trip her husband has planned.C)What has been troubling her husband.D)What her husband and the man are up to.11.A) He will be glad to be a guide for the couple's holiday trip.B)He will tell the woman the secret if her husband agrees.C)He is eager to learn how the couple's holiday turns out.D)He wants to find out about the couple's holiday plan.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A) They are sensitive to the dynamics of a negotiation.B)They see the llllportance of making compromises.C)They know when to adopt a tough attitude.D)They take the rival's attitude into account.13.A) They know how to adapt.B)They know when to stop.C)They know when to make compromises.D)They know how to control their emotion.14.A) They are patient.C)They learn quickly.15.A) Make clear one's mtent10ns.C)Formulate one's strategy. Section C B)They are good at expression.D)They uphold their principles.B)Clarify items of negotiation.D)Get to know the other side.Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage ,you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marked A) , B) , C) , D) . Then mark the corresponding letteron Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A) When America's earliest space program started.B)When the International Space Station was built.C)How many space shuttle missions there will be.D)How space research benefits people on Earth.17.A) They accurately calculated the speed of the orbiting shuttles.B)They developed objects for astronauts to use in outer space.C)They tried to meet astronauts'specific requirements.D)They tried to make best use of the latest technology.18.A) They are extremely accurate.B)They are expensive to make.C)They were first made in space.D)They were invented in the 1970s. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A) It was when her ancestors came to America.B)People had plenty of land to cultivate then.C)It marked the beginning of something new.D)Everything was natural and genuine then.20.A) They believed in working for goals.B)They enjoyed living a life of ease.C)They had all kinds of entertainment.D)They were known to be creative.21.A) Chatting with her ancestors.C)Polishing all the silver work.B)Furnishing her country house.D)Doing needlework by the fire.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A) Use a map to identify your location.B)Call your family or friends for help.C)Sit down and try to calm yourself.D)Try to follow your footprints back.23.A) You may find a way out without your knowing it.B)You may expose yourself to unexpected dangers.C)You may get drowned in a sudden flood.D)You may end up entering a wonderland.24.A) Look for food.C)Start a fire.25.A) Inform somebody of your plan.C)Check the local weather.B)Wait patiently.D)Walk uphill.B)Prepare enough food and drink.D)Find a map and a compass.Partffi Reading Comprehension { 40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank f rom a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before makingyour choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter: Please mark the corresponding letter for eachitem on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bankmore than once.Technological changes brought dramatic new options to Americans living in the 1990s. During this decade new forms of entertainment, commerce, research, and communication became commonplace in the U. S. The driving force behind much of this change was a(n) 26 popularly known as the Internet.The Internet was developed during the 1970s by the Department of Defense. In the case of an attack, 血litary advisers suggested the 27 of being able to operate one computer from another tern血al.In the early days, the Internet was used mainly by scientists to communicate with other scientists. The Internet 28 government control until 1984.One early problem faced by Internet users was speed. Phone lines could only transmit information at a 29 rate. The development of fi ber-optic (光纤）cables allowed for billions of bits of information to be received every minute. Companies like Intel developed faster microprocessors, so personal computers could process the 30 signals at a more rapid rate.In the early 1990s, the World Wide Web was developed, in large part, for 31 purposes. Corporations created home pages where they could place text and graphics to sell products. Soon airline tickets, hotel 32 , and even cars and homes could be purchased online. Universities 33 research data on the Internet, so students could find 34 inforn皿ion without leaving their dormitories. Companies soon discovered that work could be done at home and 35 online, so a whole new class of telecommuters began to earn a living from home offices unshaven and wearing pa j amas (睡衣）．Section B A)advantageD)e q uippedG)limitedJ)occupationsM)reservationsB)commercialE)mcommgH)localK)postedN)submittedC)conservatrnnF)innovationI)maintainedL)remainedO)valuableDirections : In this section ,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains 叫o rmation given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph fr om which the information is derived Youmay choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter: Answer the questions bymarking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Health Benefits of KnittingA)About 15 years ago, I was invited to join a knitting group. I agreed to give it a try.B)My mother had taught me to knit at 15, and I knitted in class throughout college and for a few years thereafter.Then decades passed without my touching a knitting needle. But within two Mondays in the group, I was hooked, not only on knitting but also on crocheting (钩织），and I was on my way to becoming a highlyproductive crafter.C)I've made countless baby blankets, sweaters, scarves, hats, caps for newborns. I take a knitting project with meeverywhere, especially when I have to sit still and listen. As I discovered in college, when my hands are busy, my mind stays focused on the here and now.D)It seems, too, that I'm part of a national renewal of interest in needle and other handicrafts (手工艺）. TheCraft Yarn Council reports that a third of women ages 25-35 now knit or crochet. Even men and schoolchildren are swelling the ranks ,among them my friend's three small grandsons. Last April ,the council created a " S titch Away Stress" campaign in honor of National Stress Awareness Month. Dr. Herbert Benson, a pioneer in mind/ body medicine and author of The Relaxation Response, says that the repetitive action of needlework can induce a relaxed state like that associated with meditation (沉思）and yoga. Once you get beyond the initial learning curve, knitting and crocheting can lower heart rate and blood pressure.E)But unlike meditation, craft activities result in tangible and often useful products that can e呻ance self-esteem. I keep photos of my singular accomplishments on my cellphone to boost my spirits when needed.F)Since the 1990s, the council has surveyed hundreds of thousands of knitters and crocheters, who routinely list stress relief and creative fulfillment as the activities'main benefits. Among them is the father of a prematurely born daughter who reported that during the baby's five weeks in the intensive care unit, " learning how to knit infant hats gave me a sense of purpose during a time that I felt very helpless. It's a hobby that I've stuck with, and it continues to help me cope with stress at work, provide a sense of order in hectic (忙乱的）days, and allow my brain time to solve problems. "G)A recent email from the yam (纺纱）company Red Heart titled "Health Benefits of Crocheting and Knitting"prompted me to explore what else might be known about the health value of activities like knitting. My research revealed that the rewards go well beyond replacing stress and anxiety with the satisfaction of creation.H)For example, Karen Hayes, a life coach in Toronto, conducts knitting therapy programs, including K血to Quitto help smokers give up the habit, and Knit to Heal for people coping with health crises, like a cancer diagnosis or serious illness of a family member. Schools and prisons with craft programs report that they have a calming effect and enhance social skills. And having to follow instructions on complex craft projects can improve children's math skills.I)Some people find that craftwork helps them control their weight. Just as it's challenging to smoke while knitting, when hands are holding needles and hooks, there's less snacking and mindless eating out of boredom.J)I've found that my handiwork with yarn has helped my arthritic (患关节炎的）fingers remain more dexterous (灵巧的）as I age. A woman encouraged to try knitting and crocheting after developing an autoimmune disease that caused a lot of hand pain reported on the Craft Yam Council site that her hands are now less stiff and painful. K)A 2009 University of British Columbia study of 38 women with an eating disorder who were taught to knit found that learning the craft led to significant improvements. Seventy-four percent of the women said the activity lessened their fears and kept them from thinking about their problem.L)BetsanCorkhill, a wellness coach in Bath, England, and author of the book Knit for Health & Wellness , established a website, Stitchlinks, to explore the value of what she calls therapeutic knitting. Among her respondents ,54 percent of those who were clinically depressed said that knitting made them feel happy or very happy. In a study of 60 self-selected people with persistent pain, Ms. Corkhill and colleagues reported that knitting enabled them to redirect their focus, reducing their awareness of pain. She suggested that the brain can process just so much at once, and that activities like knitting and crocheting make it harder for the brain to register pain signals. Perhaps most exciting is research that suggests that crafts like knitting and crocheting may help to keep off a decline in brain function with age. In a 2011 study, researchers led by Dr. YonasGeda at theMayo Clinic in Rochester interviewed a random (随机的）sample of 1,321 people ages 70-89 , most of whom were cognitively (在认知方面）normal, about the cognitive activities they engaged in late in life. The study, published in the Journal of Neuropsychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences , found that those who engaged in crafts like knitting and crocheting had a diminished chance of developing mild cognitive disorder and memory loss.M)Although it is possible that only people who are cognitively healthy would pursue such activities, those who read newspapers or magazines or played music did not show similar benefits. The researchers speculate that craft activities promote the development of nerve pathways in the brain that help to maintain cognitive health.N)In support of that suggestion, a 2014 study by Denise C. Park of the University of Texas at Dallas and colleagues demonstrated that learning to knit or do digital photography enhanced memory function in older adults. Those who engaged in activities that were not intellectually challenging, either in a social group or alone, did not show such improvements.0)Given that sustained social contacts have been shown to support health and a long life, those wishing tomaximize the health value of crafts might consider joining a group of like-minded folks. I for one try not to missa single weekly meeting of my肋itting group.36.When the author was a college student, she found that knitting helped her concentrate.37.Knitting can help people stay away from tobacco.38.Even men and children are now joining the army of knitters.39.Being a member of a crafts group enhances one's health and prolongs one's life.40.Knitting diverts people's attention from their pain.41.The author learnt to knit as a teenager, but it was not until she was much older that she became keenly interested.42.When people are knitting, they tend to eat fewer snacks.43.Survey findings show that knitting can help people relieve stress.44.According to a study, knitters and crocheters are less likely to suffer mild cognitive damage.45.The products of knitting can increase one's sense of self-respect.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice andmark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Nobody really knows how big Lagos is. What's indisputable is that it's growing very quickly.Between now and 2050 , the urban population of Africa could triple. Yet cities in sub-Saharan Africa are not getting richer the way cities in the rest of the world have. Most urban Africans live in slums (贫民窟）；migrants are often not much better off than they were in the countryside. Why?The immediate problem is poverty. Most of Africa is urbanising at a lower level of income than other regions of the world did. That means there's little money around for investment that would make cities liveable and more productive. Without upgrades and new capacity, bridges, roads and power systems are unable to cope with expanding populations. With the exception of South Africa, the only light rail metro system in sub-Saharan Africa is in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Traffic jam leads to expense and unpredictability, things that keep investors away.In other parts of the world, increasing agricultural productivity and industrialisation went together. More productive farmers meant there was a surplus that could feed cities; in turn, that created a pool of labour forfactories. But African cities are different. They are too often built around consuming natural resources. Government is concentrated in capitals ,so is the money. Most urban Africans work for a small minority of the rich, who tend to be involved in either cronyish (有裙带关系的）businesses or politics. Since African agriculture is still broadly unproductive, food is imported, consuming a portion of revenue.So what can be done? Though African countries are poor, not all African cities are. In Lagos, foreign oil workers can pay as much as MYM65 , 000 per year in rent for a modest apartment in a safe part of town. If that income were better taxed, it might provide the revenue for better infrastructure. If city leaders were more accountable to their residents, they might favour projects designed to help them more. Yet even as new roads are built, new people arrive. When a city's population grows by 5% a year, it is difficult to keep up.46.What do we learn from the passage about cities in sub-Saharan Africa?A)They h a ve more slums than other c1t1es m the world.B)They are growing fast without becoming richer.C)They are as modernised as many cities elsewhere.D)They attract migrants who want to be better off.47.What does the author imply about urbanisation in other parts of the world?A)It benefited from the contribution of immigrants.B)It started when people's income was relatively high.C)It benefited from the accelerated rise in productivity.D)It started with the improvement of people's livelihood.48.Why is sub-Saharan Africa unappealing to investors?A)It lacks adequate transport facilities.B)The living expenses there are too high.C)It is on the whole too densely populated.D)The local governments are corrupted.49.In what way does the author say African cities are different?A)They have attracted huge numbers of farm labourers.B)They still rely heavily on agricultural productivity.C)They have developed at the expense of nature.D)They depend far more on foreign investment.50.What might be a solution to the problems facing African cities?A)Lowering of apartment rent.B)B e tter educauon for residents.C)More rational overall planning.D)A more responsible government.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.For the past several decades ,it seems there's been a general consensus on how to get ahead in America: Get a college education, find a reliable job, and buy your own home. But do Americans still believe in that path, and if they do ,is it attainable?The most recent National Journal poll asked respondents about the American dream, what it takes to achieve their goals ,and whether or not they felt a significant amount of control over their ability to be successful. Overwhelmingly ,the results show that today, the idea of the American dream—and what it takes to achieve it-looks quite different than it did in the late 20th century.By and large ,people felt that their actions and hard work—not outside forces—were the deciding factor in howtheir lives turned out. But respondents had decidedly mixed feelings about what actions make for a better life in the current economy.In the last seven years, Americans have grown more pessimistic about the power of education to lead to success. Even though they see going to college as a fairly achievable goal, a majority—52 percent—think that young people do not need a four-year college education in order to be successful.Miguel Maeda, 42 ,who has a master's degree and works in public health, was the first in his family to go to college, which has allowed him to achieve a sense of financial stability his parents and grandparents never did.While some, like Maeda, emphasized the value of the degree rather than the education itself, others still see college as a way to gain new perspectives and life experiences.Sixty-year-old Will Fendley, who had a successful career in the military and never earned a college degree, thinks "personal drive" is far more important than just going to college. To Fendley, a sense of drive and purpose, as well as an effective high-school education, and basic life skills, like balancing a checkbook, are the necessary ingredients for a successful life in America.51.It used to be commonly acknowledged that to succeed in America, one had to have.A)an advanced academic degree B)an ambition to get aheadC)a firm belief in their dream D)a sense of drive and purpose52.What is the finding of the latest National Journal poll concerning the American dream?A)More and more Americans are finding it hard to realize.B)It remains alive among the majority of American people.C)Americans'idea of it has changed over the past few decades.D)An increasing number of young Americans are abandoning it.53.What do Americans now think of the role of college education in achieving success?A)It still remains open to debate.B)It has proved to be beyond doubt.C)It is no longer as important as it used to be.D)It is much better understood now than ever.54.How do some people view college education these days?A)It promotes gender e q uality.B)It needs to be strengthened.C)It adds to cultural diversity.D)It helps broaden their minds.55.What is one factor essential to success in America, according to Will Fendley?A)A desire to learn and to adapt.B)A strong sense of responsibility.C)A willingness to commit oneself.D)A clear aim and high motivation.Part IV Translation (30 minutes) Directions : 几r this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage f rom Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.华山位于华阴市，距西安120公里。
CCNA 1 Final Exam Answer v5
It aborts the current command and returns to configuration mode. It exits configuration mode and returns to user EXEC mode. It moves the cursor to the beginning of the next line. It completes the remainder of a partially typed word in a command.
2. A host is accessing a Web server on a remote network. Which three functions are performed by intermediary network devices during this conversation? (Choose three.)
CCNA 1 Final Exam Answer 003 (v5.02, 2015)
My Switch(config)#? Switch(config)#? MySwitch(config)#? My(config)#? Switch#
11. Refer to the exhibit. A network administrator is configuring access control to switch SW1. If the administrator uses Telnet to connect to the switch, which password is needed to access user EXEC mode?
电子信息类专业英语Unit 6 Electronic Communications
Unit 6 Electronic Communications
Unit 6 Electronic Communications
Unit 6 Electronic Communications
Unit 6 Electronic Communications
2. Electronic Communications Systems Communications Systems may be described by the block diagram shown in Figure 6.1. Regardless of the particular application, all communications systems involve three main subsystems: the transmitter, the channel, and the receiver. The message from the source is represented by the information input waveform m(t). The message delivered to the sink is denoted by
Unit 6 Electronic Communications
Although the fundamental concepts and principles of electronic communications have changed little since their inception, the methods and circuits used to implement them have undergone considerable change. In recent years, transistors and linear integrated circuits have simplified the design of electronic communications circuits, thus allowing for miniaturization, improved performance and reliability, and reduced overall costs. In recent years, there has been an overwhelming need for more and more people to communicate with each other. This tremendous need has stimulated a monumental growth in the electronic communications industry. Modern electronic communications systems include metallic cable systems, microwave and satellite radio systems, and optical fiber systems.
计算机专业英语影印版（Compu...
Key Terms Page 1of 6 Key TermsKey TermDefinition3G cellular network (249) A computer network that allows users to download data from the Internet at 400 to 700 Kbps using cell phone technology. analog signal (247) Continuous electronic waves. asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) (248) The most widely used types of DSL. backbone (258) A common connecting cable on which all communications travel along. (see also bus) bandwidth (249) A measurement of the width or capacity of the communication channel. base station (254) A network’s centrally located receiver that interprets incoming radio frequencies and routes communications to the appropriate devices. (see also wireless receiver) bits per second (bps) (247) How transfer speed is measured Bluetooth (245) A short-range wireless communication standard that uses microwaves to transmit data over short distances broadband (250) The bandwidth used for high-capacity transmissions. broadcast radio (245) Uses radio signals to send and receive signals from wireless devices. bus (258) A common connecting cable on which all communications travel along. (see also backbone) bus network (258) Each device in the network handles its own communications control. cable modem (249) Use existing television cables to provide high-speed connections to the Internet. cellular service (249) Offer an alternative for mobile devices and laptops. client (251) A node that requests and uses resources available from other nodes. client/server network system (260) A computer network where one computer coordinates and supplies services to other nodes on the network. coaxial cable (244) A high-frequency transmission cable with a single solid-copper core. Communication channel (244) The actual connecting or transmission medium that carries the message. Communication system (243) An electronic system that transmit data from one location to another computer network (251) A communication system that connects two or more computers so that they can exchange information and share resources. connectivity (242) Using computer networks to link people and resources. demodulation (247) The process of converting from analog to digital. dial-up service (248) Using standard telephone lines and conventional modems to link to the Internet or other computers digital signal (247) A representation of the presence or absence of an electronic pulse – on/off digital subscriber line (DSL) (248) Uses existing telephone lines to provide high-speed connections distributed data processing system Computers that can perform processing tasks at their own Key Terms Page 2of 6 (258) dispersed locations. distributed processing (251) A system in which computing power is located and shared at different locations. domain name server (DNS) (250) Converts text-based addresses to IP addresses Ethernet (253) The most common way in which nodes can be connected to one another and communications can be controlled. external modem (247) A modem that stands apart from the computer and typically is connected by a cable to the computer’s serial port. extranet (262) A private network that connects more than one organization. fiber-optic cable (244) Transmits data as pulses of light through tiny tubes of glass. firewall (263) A security system designed to protect an organization’s network against external threats. global positioning system (GPS) (245) Global positioning system (GPS) devices use location information sent by satellites to uniquely determine the geographic location of the device. hierarchical network (258) Consists of several computers linked to a central host computer, but also are hosts to other, smaller computers or peripheral devices. home network (254) Local Area Networks used by individuals in their homes and apartments. host computer (251) A large centralized computer, usually a minicomputer or a mainframe. hub (251) The center or central node for other nodes. infrared (245) A type of wireless connection that uses infrared light waves to communicate over short distances. internal modem (248) A modem that consists of a plug-in circuit board inside the system unit. intranet (262) A private network within an organization that resembles the Internet. IP address (Internet Protocol address) (250) A unique numeric address for every computer on a network. local area network (LAN) (253) Networks with nodes that are in close physical proximity low bandwidth (250) Used for standard telephone communication. (see also voiceband) medium band (250) the bandwidth used in special leased lines to connect minicomputers and mainframes metropolitan area network (MAN) (254) A network that span distances up to 100 miles. microwave (245) A type of communication uses high-frequency radio waves. modem (247) Modulator-demodulator, enables digital microcomputers to communicate across analog telephone lines. modulation (247) The process of converting from digital to analog. network administrator (251, 264) A computer specialist responsible for efficient network operations and implementation of new networks. network gateway (253) A device that allows one LAN to be linked to other LANs or to larger networks. network hub (255) A central unit in a network, such as a server. Key Terms Page 3of 6 network interface card (NIC) (251) Expansion cards located within the system unit that connect the computer to a network network operating system (NOS) (251) An operating system that control and coordinate the activities of all computers and other devices on a network. node (251) Any device that is connected to a network. packet (250) Data reformatted or broken down into small parts PC Card modem (248) A modem that is a credit card –size expansion board that is inserted into portable computers peer-to-peer network system (261) A network system where nodes have equal authority and can act as both clients and servers. polling (255) A type of communications where each connecting device is asked whether it has a message to send. protocol (250) Rules for exchanging data between computers proxy server (263) A computer through which all communications between the company’s internal n etworks and the outside world must pass. ring network (258) Each device is connected to two other devices, forming a ring with no central computer satellite (245) A type of communication that uses satellites orbiting about 22,000 miles above the earth as microwave relay stations. satellite/air connection service (249) Use satellites and the air to download or send data to users at a rate seven times faster than dial-up connections. server (251) A node that shares resources with other nodes. star network (255) A number of small computers or peripheral devices are linked to a central unit. strategy (260) A way of coordinating the sharing of information and resources T1, T2, T3, T4 lines (248) Special high-speed lines leased from telephone companies. telephone line (244) A type of cable that uses 2, 4, or 8 pairs of copper wire. terminal network (260) A network system where processing power is centralized in one large computer, usually a mainframe. time-sharing system (258) Several users can share resources (time) on a central computer. topology (255) How a network is arranged or configured transfer rate (247) The speed at which data can be transmitted Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) (250) The standard protocol for the Internet voiceband (250) Used for standard telephone communication. (see also low bandwidth) wide area network (WAN) (254) A countrywide or worldwide network that spans distances greater than 100 miles. Wi-FI (wireless fidelity) (245) A wireless standard used to connect computers to each other and to the Internet. wireless LAN (WLAN) (254) Local area network that uses wireless devices to connect nodes together. wireless modem (248) A modem that may be internal, external, or a PC Card sends and receives through the air. wireless receiver (254) A network’s centrally located receiver that interprets incoming radio frequencies and routes communications to the appropriate devices. (see also base station) Crossword Puzzle Answers:AcrossNum. Clue Answer 5 Interprets and routs incoming radio frequencies. Base station7 Continuous electronic waves. Analog9 Configuration of a network. topology10 Network interface card. NIC11 Transfer speed or transfer rate. bps12 Short range wireless communication standard. bluetooth14 Measurement of the width of the communication channel. bandwidth DownNum. Clue Answer 1 Node that requests and uses resources available from other nodes. client 2 Each device in the network handles its own communications. Bus network 3 Device that allows links between LANs. Network gateway 4 Process that converts digital to analog. modulation6 Pieces of a message sent over the Internet. packets8 Global positioning system. GPS13 Any device that is connected to a network. node15 Uses existing telephone lines to provide high-speed connections. DSL 16 Central node for other nodes. hubNum Multiple ChoiceAnswers Matching Answers1 C G 2 B B 3 A A 4 D I 5 C H 6 D E 7 B C 8 B J 9 B D 10 D F Open Ended Questions:to another 2.Identify and describe the various physical and wireless communication channels.PhysicalTelephone lines - consist of twisted-pair cable made up of hundreds of copper wires. Coaxial cable- a high-frequency transmission cable with a single solid-copper core. Fiber-optic cable - transmits data as pulses of light through tiny tubes of glass. WirelessInfrared - uses infrared light waves to communicate over short distances. Broadcast radio sends and receive radio signals through transceivers. Microwave - uses high-frequency radio waves. Satellite - uses satellites orbiting above the earth as microwave relay stations. 3.Identify the standard Internet protocol and discuss its essential features.The standard protocol for the Internet is TCP/IP (transmission control protocol/Internet protocol). Every computer on the Internet has a unique numeric address called an IP address. Information is reformatted or broken down into small parts called packets. 4.Define and discuss the four principal network topologies.S tar network - a number of small computers or peripheral devices are linked to a central unit. Bus network - each device in the network handles its own communications control. Ring network - each device is connected to two other devices, forming a ring. Hierarchical network— consists of several computers linked to a central host computer, and also hosts to other, smaller computers or to peripheral devices. 5.Define and discuss the three most common network strategies.Terminal network system,- processing power is centralized in one large computer, usually a mainframe. - use one computer to coordinate and supply services to other Client/server network systems - use one computer to coordinate and supply services to other nodes on the network. Peer-to-peer network system, nodes have equal authority and can act as both clients and servers. Answers to End of Chapter materials Page 5 of 6 Focus Applying Technology Expanding YourKnowledgeWriting AboutTechnologyEthical Electronic Monitoring Digital Rights Management Web Tools Palm How Napster and Gnutella Work Software Tools Home Networking Distributed Computing How Wireless Home Networks Work Hotspots Writing Skills Ethical focusWriting About Technology exercise #1 Electronic Monitoring explores the FBI Carnivore monitoring system and how it affects personal privacy. Writing About Technology exercise #2 Digital Rights Management explores the issue of sharing copyrighted material over the Internet and how it affects software piracy. Applying Technology exercise #3 Palm explores how Palms work with the Internet and looks at the types of information are available. Expanding Your Knowledge #2 How Napster and Gnutella Work looks at the different types of network architectures employed by each program and their efficiencies. Applying Technology exercise #1 Home Networking works with the Making it Work for you section in exploring the different types of home networking and how to configure Applying Technology exercise #2 Distributed Computing has the students research the concept of distributed computing, how it works, and why it is beneficial. Expanding Your Knowledge exercise #1 How Wireless Home Networks Work has the students discover basic features and functionalities of home networking and how they can Expanding Your Knowledge exercise #3 Hotspots has the student explore the technology of public Internet access and what is necessary to use it. 。
Fiber optic cable
专利名称：Fiber optic cable 发明人：Kachmar, Wayne M.申请号：AU2009260538申请日：20090528公开号：AU2009260538B2公开日：20150115专利内容由知识产权出版社提供摘要：A fiber optic cable includes an optical fiber, a strength layer surrounding the optical fiber, and an outer jacket surrounding the strength layer. The strength layer includes a matrix material in which is integrated a plurality of reinforcing fibers. A fiber optic cable includes an optical fiber, a strength layer, a first electrical conductor affixed to an outer surface of the strength layer, a second electrical conductor affixed to the outer surface of the strength layer, and an outer jacket. The strength layer includes a polymeric material in which is embedded a plurality of reinforcing fibers. A method of manufacturing a fiber optic cable includes mixing a base material in an extruder. A strength layer is formed about an optical fiber. The strength layer includes a polymeric film with embedded reinforcing fibers disposed in the film. The base material is extruded through an extrusion die to form an outer jacket.申请人：ADC Telecommunications, Inc.代理人：Davies Collison Cave更多信息请下载全文后查看。
光纤光栅和分布式光纤
光纤光栅和分布式光纤Fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) are a type of optical fiber sensor that is widely used in various industries for measuring strain, temperature, and other physical parameters. These gratings are highly sensitive to environmental changes, making them ideal for monitoring structural health in civil engineering infrastructure, aerospace components, and industrial machinery. With their ability to detect tiny changes in strain and temperature, FBG sensors play a crucial role in ensuring the safety and reliability of critical systems.光纤光栅（FBG）是一种广泛用于各个行业的光纤传感器，用于测量应变、温度和其他物理参数。
这些光栅对环境变化非常敏感，非常适合监测土木工程基础设施、航空航天部件和工业机械的结构健康状况。
凭借其检测微小应变和温度变化的能力，FBG传感器在确保关键系统的安全性和可靠性方面发挥着至关重要的作用。
Distributed fiber optic sensing, on the other hand, allows for continuous monitoring along the entire length of the fiber optic cable. This technology is based on the principle of measuring backscattered or reflected light to obtain spatially continuous data.Distributed sensing systems are particularly useful for detecting early signs of structural degradation, such as cracks, deformation, or corrosion, in hard-to-reach or hazardous environments.另一方面，分布式光纤传感技术允许沿着整个光纤电缆的长度进行连续监测。
计算机仿真 中文核心
计算机仿真中文核心计算机仿真（Computer Simulation）是指利用计算机技术模拟和重现现实系统的行为和过程的方法。
它通过建立模型和设定参数，运用数值计算、统计分析和可视化等技术手段，对现实系统进行虚拟实验，以预测系统的行为、优化参数、评估方案、制定决策等。
计算机仿真可以分为离散事件仿真和连续仿真两种类型。
离散事件仿真以离散的事件为基本单位，如模拟交通系统中的车辆行驶、交通信号灯变化、车辆碰撞等。
连续仿真则以连续的时间为基本单位，如模拟物理系统中的运动、流体力学、电磁场等。
在计算机仿真中，模型的建立是关键步骤之一。
模型通常由一系列方程、规则和参数组成，用于描述系统的动态行为。
根据不同的仿真目的和对象，可以采用不同的建模方法，如系统动力学模型、代理模型、统计模型等。
模型的建立需要准确地理解系统的结构、行为和作用机制，并将其转化为数学或逻辑表达式。
参数的设定是另一个重要的步骤。
参数的设定直接影响到模拟结果的准确性和可靠性。
参数的确定通常需要依据实际数据或经验判断进行，同时也可以通过敏感性分析和优化算法进行优化。
参数的设定不仅要考虑系统内部的因素，还需要考虑外部环境的影响。
数值计算是计算机仿真的核心技术之一。
数值计算通过离散化的方法将连续的时间和空间进行离散化处理，然后借助于数值算法求解数学模型。
常用的数值算法包括欧拉法、隐式法、龙格-库塔法等。
数值计算的精度和稳定性直接影响到仿真结果的准确性和可靠性。
统计分析是对仿真结果进行分析和评估的重要手段。
统计分析可以通过搜集、整理、汇总仿真结果，分析系统的特征和性能指标，探索系统的规律和变化趋势，为决策提供感性和量化的依据。
常用的统计分析方法包括平均值、方差、概率分布、假设检验等。
可视化是对仿真过程和结果进行展示和呈现的有效方式。
可视化可以通过图表、动画、虚拟现实等方式将仿真结果可视化表示，使决策者和用户能够直观地理解和分析仿真结果。
可视化不仅能够提高仿真结果的表达效果，还可以帮助发现隐藏的规律和问题，减少决策者的认知负担。
《JournalofLightwaveTechnology》期刊第2页50条数据
《JournalofLightwaveTechnology》期刊第2页50条数据《Journal of Lightwave Technology》期刊第2页50条数据https:///doc/8514081923.html,academic-journal-foreign_journal-lightwave-technology_info_11_1/1.《Dynamic Provisioning of Self-Organized Consumer Grid Services Over Integrated OBS/WSON Networks》原文链接:https:///doc/8514081923.html,/academic-journal-foreign_journal-lightwave-technology_thesis/020417921.html2.《Experimental Demonstration of Highly Resilient Wavelength-Switched Optical Networks With a Multivendor Interoperable GMPLS Control Plane》原文链接:https:///doc/8514081923.html,/academic-journal-foreign_journal-lightwave-technology_thesis/020417922.html3.《Overlapped-Subcarrier Multiplexing for WDM Passive Optical Networks: Experimental Verification and Mathematical Analysis》原文链接:https:///doc/8514081923.html,/academic-journal-foreign_journal-lightwave-technology_thesis/020417923.html4.《A Highly Efficient Computational Model for FDTD Simulations of Ultrafast Electromagnetic Interactions With Semiconductor Media With CarrierHeating/Cooling Dynamics》原文链接:https:///doc/8514081923.html,/academic-journal-foreign_journal-lightwave-technology_thesis/020417924.html5.《Demonstration of Wireless Backhauling Over Long-Reach PONs》原文链接:https:///doc/8514081923.html,/academic-journal-foreign_journal-lightwave-technology_thesis/020417925.html6.《All Single-Mode Fiber Mach–Zehnder Interferometer Based on Two Peanut-Shape Structures》原文链接:https:///doc/8514081923.html,/academic-journal-foreign_journal-lightwave-technology_thesis/020417926.html7.《Cross-Diabolo Nanoantenna for Localizing and Enhancing Magnetic Field With Arbitrary Polarization》原文链接:https:///doc/8514081923.html,/academic-journal-foreign_journal-lightwave-technology_thesis/020418029.html8.《A 25 Gbit/s Transmitter Optical Sub-Assembly Package Employing Cost-Effective TO-CAN Materials and Processes》原文链接:https:///doc/8514081923.html,/academic-journal-foreign_journal-lightwave-technology_thesis/020418030.html9.《Reconfigurable All-Optical OTDM-to-WDM ConversionUsing a Multiwavelength Ultrashort Pulse Source Based on Raman Compression》原文链接:https:///doc/8514081923.html,/academic-journal-foreign_journal-lightwave-technology_thesis/020418031.html10.《A General Characterizing Method for Ring Resonators Based on Low Coherence Measurement》原文链接:https:///doc/8514081923.html,/academic-journal-foreign_journal-lightwave-technology_thesis/020418032.html11.《Network-Coding-Based Energy Management for Next-Generation Passive Optical Networks》原文链接:https:///doc/8514081923.html,/academic-journal-foreign_journal-lightwave-technology_thesis/020418033.html12.《Green Packet Optical Transport Networks (P-OTNs) Based on Photonic PBB-TE Switches and Minimized EEE Overhead》原文链接:https:///doc/8514081923.html,/academic-journal-foreign_journal-lightwave-technology_thesis/020418034.html13.《PMD Vector Estimation Through Time-Resolved Waveform Analysis Basedon Ultrafast xy-Field Sampling》原文链接:https:///doc/8514081923.html,/academic-technology_thesis/020418035.html14.《End-to-End Multicore Multimode Fiber Optic Link Operating up to 120 Gb/s》原文链接:https:///doc/8514081923.html,/academic-journal-foreign_journal-lightwave-technology_thesis/020418036.html15.《Modal Birefringence Analysis of Strained Buried-Core Waveguides》原文链接:https:///doc/8514081923.html,/academic-journal-foreign_journal-lightwave-technology_thesis/020418037.html16.《Investigation on the Phase Noise and EVM of Digitally Modulated Millimeter Wave Signal in WDM Optical Heterodyning System》原文链接:https:///doc/8514081923.html,/academic-journal-foreign_journal-lightwave-technology_thesis/020418038.html17.《Mode Classification and Calculation in All-Solid Photonic Bandgap Fibers》原文链接:https:///doc/8514081923.html,/academic-journal-foreign_journal-lightwave-technology_thesis/020418039.html18.《Synergetic Effects of Humidity and Temperature on PMMA Based Fiber Bragg Gratings》原文链接:https:///doc/8514081923.html,/academic-technology_thesis/020418040.html19.《Broadband Chromium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers for Next-Generation Optical Communication Systems》原文链接:https:///doc/8514081923.html,/academic-journal-foreign_journal-lightwave-technology_thesis/020418041.html20.《Resonant Fiber Optic Gyroscope Using an Air-Core Fiber》原文链接:https:///doc/8514081923.html,/academic-journal-foreign_journal-lightwave-technology_thesis/020418091.html21.《Auto Bias Control Technique Based on Asymmetric Bias Dithering for Optical QPSK Modulation》原文链接:https:///doc/8514081923.html,/academic-journal-foreign_journal-lightwave-technology_thesis/020418092.html22.《Broadband Mach–Zehnder Switch for Photonic Networks on Chip》原文链接:https:///doc/8514081923.html,/academic-journal-foreign_journal-lightwave-technology_thesis/020418093.html23.《Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Mixture Integrated Into Optical Waveguides》原文链接:https:///doc/8514081923.html,/academic-journal-foreign_journal-lightwave-technology_thesis/020418094.html24.《Fabrication of High Glass Transition Temperature Graded-Index Plastic Optical Fiber: Part 2—Fiber Fabrication and Characterizations》原文链接:https:///doc/8514081923.html,/academic-journal-foreign_journal-lightwave-technology_thesis/020418095.html25.《Demonstration of a Remotely Dual-Pumped Long-Reach PON for Flexible Deployment》原文链接:https:///doc/8514081923.html,/academic-journal-foreign_journal-lightwave-technology_thesis/020418096.html26.《Performance Analysis for Optical OFDM Transmission in Short-Range IM/DD Systems》原文链接:https:///doc/8514081923.html,/academic-journal-foreign_journal-lightwave-technology_thesis/020418097.html27.《Simultaneous Measurement of Strain and Temperature by Using a Micro-T apered Fiber Grating》原文链接:https:///doc/8514081923.html,/academic-journal-foreign_journal-lightwave-technology_thesis/020418145.html28.《Extending the Sensing Range of Brillouin Optical Time-Domain Analysis Combining Frequency-Division Multiplexing and In-Line EDFAs》原文链journal-foreign_journal-lightwave-technology_thesis/020418146.html29.《Experimental Research of an All-Polarization-Maintaining Optical Fiber Vector Hydrophone》原文链接:https:///doc/8514081923.html,/academic-journal-foreign_journal-lightwave-technology_thesis/020418147.html30.《Photonic Crystal Fiber Interferometer for Dew Detection》原文链接:https:///doc/8514081923.html,/academic-journal-foreign_journal-lightwave-technology_thesis/020418148.html31.《Impact of Loss Variations on Double-Ended Distributed Temperature Sensors Based on Raman Anti-Stokes Signal Only》原文链接:https:///doc/8514081923.html,/academic-journal-foreign_journal-lightwave-technology_thesis/020418149.html32.《Brillouin Spectrum in LEAF and Simultaneous Temperature and Strain Measurement》原文链接:https:///doc/8514081923.html,/academic-journal-foreign_journal-lightwave-technology_thesis/020418150.html33.《Reduction in the Number of Averages Required in BOTDA Sensors Using Wavelet Denoising Techniques》原文链journal-foreign_journal-lightwave-technology_thesis/020418151.html34.《Raman-Assisted Brillouin Distributed Temperature Sensor Over 100 km Featuring 2 m Resolution and 1.2 C Uncertainty》原文链接:https:///doc/8514081923.html,/academic-journal-foreign_journal-lightwave-technology_thesis/020418152.html35.《Lab-on-a-Fiber Device for Trace Vapor TNT Explosive Detection: Comprehensive Performance Evaluation》原文链接:https:///doc/8514081923.html,/academic-journal-foreign_journal-lightwave-technology_thesis/020418153.html36.《Hybrid TDM/WDM-Based Fiber-Optic Sensor Network for Perimeter Intrusion Detection》原文链接:https:///doc/8514081923.html,/academic-journal-foreign_journal-lightwave-technology_thesis/020418154.html37.《The Use of a Fiber Comb Filter Fabricated by a CO Laser Irradiation to Improve the Resolution of a Ratiometric Wavelength Measurement System》原文链接:https:///doc/8514081923.html,/academic-journal-foreign_journal-lightwave-technology_thesis/020418155.html38.《Index Guiding Photonic Liquid Crystal Fibers forPractical Applications》原文链接:https:///doc/8514081923.html,/academic-journal-foreign_journal-lightwave-technology_thesis/020418156.html39.《Etched-Core Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors Integrated With Microfluidic Channels》原文链接:https:///doc/8514081923.html,/academic-journal-foreign_journal-lightwave-technology_thesis/020418157.html40.《Superstructure Fiber Gratings Via Single Step Femtosecond Laser Inscription》原文链接:https:///doc/8514081923.html,/academic-journal-foreign_journal-lightwave-technology_thesis/020418158.html41.《Inspection T echnique for Cleaved Optical Fiber Ends Based on Fabry–Perot Interferometer》原文链接:https:///doc/8514081923.html,/academic-journal-foreign_journal-lightwave-technology_thesis/020418159.html42.《Temperature Fiber Laser Sensor Based on a Hybrid Cavity and a Random Mirror》原文链接:https:///doc/8514081923.html,/academic-journal-foreign_journal-lightwave-technology_thesis/020418160.html43.《High-Sensitivity Coherent Optical Time DomainReflectometry Employing Frequency-Division Multiplexing》原文链接:https:///doc/8514081923.html,/academic-journal-foreign_journal-lightwave-technology_thesis/020418161.html44.《Refractive-Index Sensing With Inline Core-Cladding Intermodal Interferometer Based on Silicon Nitride Nano-Coated Photonic Crystal Fiber》原文链接:https:///doc/8514081923.html,/academic-journal-foreign_journal-lightwave-technology_thesis/020418162.html45.《Miniaturized Long-Period Fiber Grating Assisted Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor》原文链接:https:///doc/8514081923.html,/academic-journal-foreign_journal-lightwave-technology_thesis/020418163.html46.《Polarization-Dependent In-Line Mach–Zehnder Interferometer for Discrimination of Temperature and Ambient Index Sensitivities》原文链接:https:///doc/8514081923.html,/academic-journal-foreign_journal-lightwave-technology_thesis/020418164.html47.《Long-Range Coherent OFDR With Light Source Phase Noise Compensation》原文链接:https:///doc/8514081923.html,/academic-journal-foreign_journal-lightwave-technology_thesis/020418165.html48.《Polarization Mode Coupling Involved in a Capillary Optical Fiber Sensor: Modeling and Experimental Validation》原文链接:https:///doc/8514081923.html,/academic-journal-foreign_journal-lightwave-technology_thesis/020418166.html49.《Metrological Evaluation of Optical Fiber Grating-Based Sensors: An Approach Towards the Standardization》原文链接:https:///doc/8514081923.html,/academic-journal-foreign_journal-lightwave-technology_thesis/020418167.html50.《Optical Intensity-Type Refractometer for Remote Measurements Via Fiber-Optic Cables》原文链接:https:///doc/8514081923.html,/academic-journal-foreign_journal-lightwave-technology_thesis/020418168.html。
光纤光缆专业英语
光纤光缆专业英语一、光纤专业英语光纤 Optical Fiber/Optic fiber单模光纤 Single-mode fiber / monomode fiber多模光纤multimode fibe突变型光纤Step index fiber渐变型光纤graded index fiber紧套光纤 Tight buffered fiber光纤包层 Cladding of Fiber /Fiber Cladding包层直径 Cladding diameter一次被覆层(预涂层)primary coating /procoated衰减 Attenuation带宽 Bandwidth色散 Dispersion数值孔径 Numerical Aperture截止波长Cut-off Wavelength模场直径 Mode field diameter模场同心度 Mode field concentricity包层不圆度 Cladding non-circularity同芯度误差 Concentricity error偏振模色散，极化模色散 PMD(polarization mode dispersion)色度色散 chromatic dispersion二、光缆专业术语光缆 Ooptical Fiber Cable /Fiber Optic Cable纤芯fiber core束管式光缆 Unitube cable层绞式光缆 Stranded loose tube cable8字缆 Figure 8 Cable光电混合缆 Optical Power Composite Cable全介质自承式光缆 All Dielectric Self-supporting Aerial Cable 铠装光缆：Armored cable非金属加强芯FRP/Fiberglass reinforce with plasticcentral strength member填充绳 Filler剥离绳Ripcord允许拉伸力Tensile Strength允许压扁力 Crush Resistance弯曲半径 Bending Radius芳纶纱 Aramid yarn阻水凝胶Hydrophobic gel光缆油膏Fiber filling gel悬缆线, 承力吊索, 吊线（8字缆用） Messenger wire (supporting strand)三、其他光纤光缆英语光纤跳线 Optical Fiber Patch Cord光纤适配器 Optical Fiber Adapter光缆终端盒 Optical Fiber Termination Box光缆接续盒 Optical Fiber Splice Closure光纤到办公室 Fiber To The Office FTTO光纤到大楼 Fiber To The Building FTTB光纤到服务区 Fiber To The Service Area FSA光纤到家 Fiber To The Home FTTH光纤到路边 Fiber To The Curb FTTC光纤到远端 Fiber to the Remote FTTR光纤的 Fiber-optic光纤放大器 Optical Fiber Amplifier光纤分布式数据接口 Fiber Distributed Data Interface FDDI光纤固定衰减器 Optical Fixed Attenuator光纤管道 Fiber Conduit光纤光缆 Optical fiber cable光纤光栅 Fiber Grating光纤基带快速以太网 FastEthernet, 100baseX光纤接口 Fiber Interface FBI光纤连接器 Fiber Connector FC光纤耦合器 Fiber Coupler光纤熔接盒 Fiber splice tray光纤衰减器 Fiber Attenuator光纤同轴混合网 Hybrid Fiber and Coax Network HFC光纤尾纤 Fiber Pigtail光纤引入线 Fiber Optic Drop光纤用户环路 Fiber In The Loop光纤载波等级3 OC-3 OC-3光线路 Optical Line OL光线路板 Optical Line Board OL光线路放大器 Optical Line Amplifier OLA光线路收发板 Optical Line Transceiver Board OLT光线路终端 Optical line terminal OLT光信号 Optical Signal光学器件 Optics光学字符识别 Optical Character Recognition OCR 光载波第1级 Optical Carrier Level 1 OC-1光载波第N级 Optical Carrier Level N OC-N光栅 (fiber) grating光支路接口 optical tributary interface光支路接口单元 optical interface units高密度分波多任务 DWDM .。
OFS 高速光纤产品说明书
VISIT US AT Centralized Wind and Solar Farm AutomationThe power network is changing. It needs the bandwidth and reliability of fiber. OFS brings uniquesolutions for fiber in the power network.OFS’ Alternative Energy applications features severalend-to-end solutions optimized to distribute fiber intraditional Transmission and Distribution networks and connecting the wind and solar farm with the grid.SOLUTIONS:• Fortex™ DT (Dry Tube) Loose Tube Cable• SlimBox 12-Fiber Wall Mount Module• Jumpers and PigtailsThese solutions are field proven in widespread utility and alternative energy deployments around theworld.2 | TYPICAL ARRANGEMENT OF CONTROL BOXOFS ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOLUTIONS | 3Part Number DescriptionQuantityNotesAT-3BE12YT-01212-Fiber Fortex DT Cable with AllWave ZWP FiberDistance between turbines + 15 feet per turbine12 fibers/tubine is commonSLIMBOX-V, INDOOR MDU-12F-SM-SCU-PT 12-Fiber SlimBox Module pre-loadedwith pigtails and SCU connectors 2 per turbineUse either SlimBox Module or 1RU Combination Panel 1U S-LIU SC12 Blue PT (300523784QT) 1 RU Combination Panel, SCUConnectors, pre-loaded with pigtails 1 per turbineAlternative to the SlimBox Module, SC Connectors 1U S-LIU LC12 BLUE PT (300524097)1 RU Combination panel, LCUConnectors, pre-loaded with pigtails Alternative to the SlimBox Module, LC Connectors S922 Protective Sleeves40 mm splice sleevesUp to 24 per turbine – one per splice Used to protect splices JR3WB001SCUSCU003F 3 foot pigtail – SCU connector Up to 24 per turbine – one per splice Spliced to main cableJR3WY001LCUUNC006F 3 foot pigtail – LCU connector Alternative with LC connectors JR3WB001SCUUNC006F 6 foot jumpers – SCU-SCU Up to 24 per turbine – one per fiberUsed to connect to electronics JR3WY001LCULCU006F6 foot jumpers – LCU-LCUAlternative with LC connectors1RU COMBINATION PANEL SC-SC JUMPER S922 PROTECTIVE SLEEVES12-FIBER SLIMBOX MODULESC PIGTAILPLC Controls AutomationThe GiHCS ® industrial cabling solution for your controls applications:• Substation Automation - Smart Grid • Substation Security Cameras • Wind Power • Solar Farms•HydroelectricOFS supports Industrial Networking Solutions for Electric Utilities with highly reliable, rugged fiber optic cables containing industrial-grade GiHCS* high-bandwidth multimode optical fiber, plus easy-to-use crimp & cleave LC, SC and ST connectivity. (V-Pin available for 200 μm HCS ® step-index only)OFS optical fiber cabling solution for electricalutilities offers a wide range of advantages, including:• Immunity to EMI/RFI• Dielectric properties of fiber optic cables to minimize ground potential• High bandwidth to support higher data rates over longer distances - Industrial Ethernet•Field connectorization capabilities designed for electrical technicians with minimal training, quick to terminate and less downtime • More secure data communications •Wide operating temperature rangeSOLUTIONS:• GiHCS® Fiber Optic Cables • LC, SC, ST and V-Pin Connectors •Crimp & Cleave TerminationIndustrial Networking Solution with Crimp & Cleave TechnologyLC TERMINATION IN LESS THAN ONE MINUTE!REMOVE STRIP CLEAVE4| TYPICAL LAYOUT OF CONTROL AND MONITORING SYSTEMFire SafetyQualified to the following US, Canadian and International Standards. OFNR/FT-4 Riser, US and Canadian UL 1666, Flammability IEC 60332-3(for zipcord, 2-Fiber & 4-Fiber cables), Smoke Density IEC 61034, Halogen Gas Emissions IEC 60745-1, Acid Gas Emissions IEC 60745-2Zipcord2-FiberWaterblocked 4-FiberWaterblockedOFS ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOLUTIONS | 5SC-RJ ConnectorP25561-BGRJP25561-BKRJSimplex Connector BP05065-13BP04260-01 (200 µm)BP04260-02 (200 µm)Duplex ConnectorBP04703 Duplex Latch(Connectors sold separately)OFS ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOLUTIONS | 7Fortex and SlimBox are trademarks of OFS FITEL, LLC.OFS reserves the right to make changes to the prices and product(s) described in this document at any time without notice.This document is for informational purposes only and is not intended to modify or supplement any OFS warranties or specifications relating to any of its products or services.Copyright © 2017 OFS FITEL, LLC All rights reserved, printed in USA.OFS Marketing Communications DOC# fap-310 Date: 08/17For complete information on products shown in this guide, please refer to the official data sheets for those productson the OFS website at . For additional information please contact your sales representative. Call 1-888-FIBER-HELP (1-888-342-3743) from inside the USAor +1-770-798-5555 from outside the USA.EMEA Specific: +49 (0) 228 7489 201。