Construction Management at Risk Services 风险服务的建设管理 英文版

合集下载

外文翻译外文文献英文文献国际建设工程风险分析

外文翻译外文文献英文文献国际建设工程风险分析

外文文献:This analysis used a case study methodology to analyze the issues surrounding the partial collapse of the roof of a building housing the headquarters of the Standards Association of Zimbabwe (SAZ). In particular, it examined the prior roles played by the team of construction professionals. The analysis revealed that the SAZ’s traditional construction project was generally characterized by high risk. There was a clear indication of the failure of a contractor and architects in preventing and/or mitigating potential construction problems as alleged by the plaintiff. It was reasonable to conclude that between them the defects should have been detected earlier and rectified in good time before the partial roof failure. It appeared justified for the plaintiff to have brought a negligence claim against both the contractor and the architects. The risk analysis facilitated, through its multi-dimensional approach to a critical examination of a construction problem, the identification of an effective risk management strategy for future construction prject and riskThe structural design of the reinforced concrete elements was done by consulting engineers Knight Piesold (KP). Quantity surveying services were provided by Hawkins, Leshnick & Bath (HLB). The contract was awarded to Central African Building Corporation (CABCO) who was also responsible for the provision of a specialist roof structure using patented “gang nail” roof trusses. The building construction proceeded to completion and was handed over to the owners on Sept. 12, 1991. The SAZ took effective occupation of the headquarters building without a certificate of occupation. Also, the defects liability period was only three months .The roof structure was in place 10 years At first the SAZ decided to go to arbitration, but this failed to yield an immediate solution. The SAZ then decided toproceed to litigate in court and to bring a negligence claim against CABCO. The preparation for arbitration was reused for litigation. The SAZ’s quantified losses stood at approximately $ 6 million in Zimbabwe dollars (US $1.2m) .After all parties had examined the facts and evidence before them, it became clear that there was a great probability that the courts might rule that both the architects and the contractor were lia ble. It was at this stage that the defendants’ lawyers requested that the matter be settled out of court. The plaintiff agreed to this suxamined the prior roles played by the project management function and construction professionals in preventing/mitigating potential construction problems. It further assessed the extent to which the employer/client and parties to a construction contract are able to recover damages under that contract. The main objective of this critical analysis was to identify an effective risk management strategy for future construction projects. The importance of this study is its multidimensional examination approach.Experience sugge be misleading. All construction projects are prototypes to some extent and imply change. Change in the construction industry itself suggests that past experience is unlikely to be sufficient on its own. A structured approach is required. Such a structure can not and must not replace the experience and expertise of the participant. Rather, it brings additional benefits that assist to clarify objectives, identify the nature of the uncertainties, introduces effective communication systems, improves decision-making, introduces effective risk control measures, protects the project objectives and provides knowledge of the risk history .Construction professionals need to know how to balance the contingencies of risk with their specific contractual, financial, operational and organizational requirements. Many construction professionals look at risks in dividually with a myopic lens and donot realize the potential impact that other associated risks may have on their business operations. Using a holistic risk management approach will enable a firm to identify all of the organization’s business risks. This will increas e the probability of risk mitigation, with the ultimate goal of total risk elimination .Recommended key construction and risk management strategies for future construction projects have been considered and their explanation follows. J.W. Hinchey stated th at there is and can be no ‘best practice’ standard for risk allocation on a high-profile project or for that matter, any project. He said, instead, successful risk management is a mind-set and a process. According to Hinchey, the ideal mind-set is for the parties and their representatives to, first, be intentional about identifying project risks and then to proceed to develop a systematic and comprehensive process for avoiding, mitigat and its location. This is said to be necessary not only to allow alternative responses to be explored. But also to ensure that the right questions are asked and the major risks identified. Heads of sources of risk are said to be a convenient way of providing a structure for identifying risks to completion of a participant’s pa rt of the project. Effective risk management is said to require a multi-disciplinary approach. Inevitably risk management requires examination of engineering, legal and insurance related solutions .It is stated that the use of analytical techniques based on a statistical approach could be of enormous use in decision making . Many of these techniques are said to be relevant to estimation of the consequences of risk events, and not how allocation of risk is to be achieved. In addition, at the present stage of the development of risk management, Atkinson states that it must be recognized that major decisions will be made that can not be based solely on mathematical analysis. The complexity ofconstruction projects means that the project definition in terms of both physical form and organizational structure will be based on consideration of only a relatively small number of risks . This is said to then allow a general structured approach that can be applied to any construction project to increase the awareness of participants .The new, simplified Construction Design and Management Regulations (CDM Regulations) which came in to f 1996, into a single regulatory package.The new CDM regulations offer an opportunity for a step change in health and safety performance and are used to reemphasize the health, safety and broader business benefits of a well-managed and co-ordinated approach to the management of health and safety in construction. I believe that the development of these skills is imperative to provide the client with the most effective services available, delivering the best value project possible.Construction Management at Risk (CM at Risk), similar to established private sector methods of construction contracting, is gaining popularity in the public sector. It is a process that allows a client to select a construction manager (CM) based on qualifications; make the CM a member of a collaborative project team; centralize responsibility for construction under a single contract; obtain a bonded guaranteed maximum price; produce a more manageable, predictable project; save time and money; and reduce risk for the client, the architect and the CM.CM at Risk, a more professional approach to construction, is taking its place along with design-build, bridging and the more traditional process of design-bid-build as an established method of project delivery.The AE can review to get the projec. Competition in the community is more equitable: all subcontractors have a fair shot at the work .A contingency within the GMP covers unexpected but justifiable costs, and a contingency above the GMP allows for client changes. As long as the subcontractors are within the GMP they are reimbursed to the CM, so the CM represents the client in negotiating inevitable changes with subcontractors.There can be similar problems where each party in a project is separately insured. For this reason a move towards project insurance is recommended. The traditional approach reinforces adversarial attitudes, and even provides incentives for people to overlook or conceal risks in an attempt to avoid or transfer responsibility.A contingency within the GMP covers unexpected but justifiable costs, and a contingency above the GMP allows for client changes. As long as the subcontractors are within the GMP they are reimbursed to the CM, so the CM represents the client in negotiating inevitable changes with subcontractors.There can be similar problems where each party in a project is separately insured. For this reason a move towards project insurance is recommended. The traditional approach reinforces adversarial attitudes, and even provides incentives for people to overlook or conceal risks in an attempt to avoid or transfer responsibility.It was reasonable to assume that between them the defects should have been detected earlier and rectified in good time before the partial roof failure. It did appear justified for the plaintiff to have brought a negligence claim against both the contractor and the architects.In many projects clients do not understand the importance of their role in facilitating cooperation and coordination; the desi recompense. They do not want surprises, and are more likely to engage in litigation when things go wrong.中文译文:国际建设工程风险分析索赔看来是合乎情理的。

目前比较常见四种典型的总承包管理模式

目前比较常见四种典型的总承包管理模式

目前比较常见四种典型的总承包管理模式
1.设计-施工总承包模式(Design-Build):在这种模式下,建筑项目的设计和施工由同一家公司或团队负责。

这种模式加强了设计和施工之间的协作,可以提高项目的效率和质量。

2.建设管理总承包模式(ConstructionManagementatRisk):在这种模式下,建筑项目的所有方面都由一个建设管理团队负责,他们与业主进行合作,并在工程的各个阶段提供专业建议。

这种模式强调了项目的风险管理和控制。

3.工程总承包模式
(Engineering,Procurement,andConstruction):这种模式下,一个承包商负责整个项目的工程、采购和施工。

承包商在整个项目周期内负责项目的设计、采购和施工,并与业主进行紧密合作。

4.建筑管理总承包模式(ConstructionManagement):在这种模式下,建筑项目的管理和协调由一个专门的建筑管理团队负责。

建筑管理团队与业主合作,负责项目的规划、监督和协调,并与各个分包商进行协调和管理。

国际工程项目管理模式

国际工程项目管理模式

.
32
思考题:
DBB模式的优点和缺点。
天津城建大学 经济与管理学院
.
33
Design- Bid-Build , DBB
该模式的主要优点有:
业主可自由选择咨询设计单位并对设计进行控 制,设计质量一般较高,施工阶段一般不会发 生重大设计变更;
施工招标前设计已全部完成,承包商投标时比 较有依据;
天津城建大学 经济与管理学院
.
12
从FIDIC合同条件中不难看出;承包商要承 担无数的责任,但权利有限。一个工程项目技 术问题本身就够复杂的了,再加上国际工程承 包涉及跨国经济因素以及一些人为的问题,这 就要求承包商具有多方面的素养和能力。承包 商不仅仅应该是一位建造者,他还应该具有商 人、律师、金融家、军事指挥员的素质。也就 是说他应该具有一位战略家的胆识,精通战略 战术,知道什么时候投标、怎样投标和如何报 价,善于抓住战机,在复杂激烈的市场竞争中 夺取胜利。最后,承包商还应该是人际关系和 公共关系专家。
天津城建大学 经济与管理学院
.
20
20
七、工料测量师
天津城建大学 经济与管理学院
.
21
21
七、工料测量师
造价工程师受雇于业主时,协助业主编 制工程的成本计划,建议采用的合同类 型,在招标阶段编制工程量表及计算标 底,也可以在工程施工阶段进行支付控 制,以至编制竣工决算报表。
受雇于承包商时,可以为承包商估算工 程量,确定投标报价或在工程实施阶段 进行造价管理。
天津城建大学 经济与管理学院
.
17
五、分包商
分包商(Subcontractor)是指那些直接与 承包商签订合同,分担一部分承包商与业 主签订合同中的任务的公司。业主和工程 师不直接管理分包商,他们对分包商的工 作有要求时,一般通过承包商处理。

工程造价专业外语

工程造价专业外语

Reviewing workLessone 1, 2, 7Cost Planning of Buildings:Chapter 1 and 3course ppt. contentAbbreviations:DBB:Design-Bid-Build设计-招标-建造ACM:Agency Construction Manager代理型项目经理CM-at-Risk:Construction Managers-at-Risk风险型项目经理DB:Design-build设计-建造DBOT:Design-build-Operate-Transfer设计-建造-营运-移交DBOM:Design-build-Operate-Maintain设计-建造-营运-维护DBOOT:Design-build-Own-Operate-Transfer金融-设计-建造-拥有-营运-移交FDBOT:Finance-Design-build-Operate-Transfer 金融-设计-建造-营运-移交‘TPC:Total Project Cost工程总造价CPR:Capital Project Request资本项目需求HV AC:Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning采暖通风与空调ISDN:Integrated Services Digital Network综合业务数字网AutoCAD:Auto Computer Aided Design计算机辅助设计RPR:TBM:Tunnel Boring Machine 隧道掘进机BIM:Building Information Modeling建筑信息模型BQs:QS:Quantity Surveyor估算师;估料师WLCC:BS:British standard英国标准CIOB:The Chartered Institute of Building英国皇家特许建造学会ASCE:The American Society of Civil Engineers美国土木工程师学会OGC:NDPBs:BCIS:NAO:Professional terms and expressions:●Physical products:实体产品●Labor organizations:劳工组织Organizations of workers who have banded together to achieve common goals such as protecting the integrity of its trade, achieving higher pay, increasing the number of employees an employer hires, and better working conditions.●Shop drawings:施工图The shop drawing is the manufacturer’s or the contractor’s drawn version of information shown in the construction documents.●Surface topography:表面地形学Surface Topography is the local deviations of a surface from a perfectly flat plane.●Specialty construction contractors:专业建筑承包商●Government regulatory agencies:政府部门的管理机构A government regulatory agency is a government agency responsible for exercising autonomous authority over some area of human activity in a regulatory or supervisory capacity.●Budgetary constraints:预算限制●Modular homes:组合式家居Modular buildings and modular homes are sectional prefabricated buildings, or houses, that consist of multiple sections called modules.●Storm water:雨水Storm water is water that originates during precipitation events. It may also be used to apply to water that originates with snowmelt that enters the stormwater system.●Water distribution systems:配水系统A water distribution system is a system of engineered hydrologic(水文的)and hydraulic (水力的,水压的)components which provide water supply.●Equipment-intensive:装备密集的●Tax exempt revenue:免税收入(exempt:vt.(from)免除,豁免a.被豁免的r evenue:收入)●Working capital:流动资金the money that a business has available for immediate use(capital:此处表资金)●Operating revenues:营业额,营业收入Earnings before interest and taxes●Fast-tracking:边设计边施工Fast-track construction reduces the project time by overlapping the project design and construction phases.●Domino effect:多米诺效应a situation in which one event causes a whole series of events to happen one after the other.●Internal capabilities:内部能力●Appropriation estimates:概算●Contingency allowance:应急准备金The contingency allowance is the money allocated during planning for unscheduled events.●Field Procedure Manual:现场施工程序手册●Upset price:开拍底价●Sketch scheme:初步方案●Iron fist in velvet glove:外柔内刚"iron fist in a velvet glove," referring to a person who appears gentle but is determined and often inflexible underneath.●Capital project: 投资方案●Revenue streams:收入来源、收益流A revenue stream is a form of revenue. Revenue streams refer specifically to the individual methods by which money comes into a company.[citation needed]Revenue streams may be characterized. For example, a revenue stream has volatility, predictability, risk, and return.●Cost parameter:成本参数●Cost optimisation programme:成本优化方案●Performance measurement indicators:绩效考核(衡量)指标An organization may use them to evaluate its success, or to evaluate the success of a particular activity in which it is engaged.●Client brief:设计纲要●Refined cost:细化成本●Decision-tree analysis:决策树分析A decision tree is a decision support tool that uses a tree-like graph or model of decisions and their possible consequences, including chance event outcomes, resource costs, and utility. The decision-tree analysis is the application of it.●Quality of cost:质量成本The Nature/feature/Characteristics of Construction Industry⏹One of the pillar industries of a country国家支柱产业之一⏹Labour-intensive劳动力密集型⏹Capital-intensive (资金密集型)⏹Equipment- intensive设备密集型⏹Long project cycle (工程周期长, time-consuming)⏹Highly restrained(受控制的)by weather conditions and the environmentsince working in the open⏹All projects by contract⏹Teamwork including owner, architects, engineers, contractors (subcontractors ),regulators, material suppliers etc.团队包括业主、建筑师、工程师、承包商(分包方)、监管者、材料供应商等。

施工过程中的施工计量支付与结算方式

施工过程中的施工计量支付与结算方式

施工过程中的施工计量支付与结算方式一、引言施工行业是现代经济的重要组成部分,也是许多国民经济的基础。

在施工过程中,施工计量支付与结算方式是施工企业和业主之间关系密切的重要环节。

本文将探讨不同的施工计量支付与结算方式,以及其在施工过程中的优缺点。

二、施工计量支付方式1. 定额支付方式定额支付方式是根据施工合同中确定的工程量、单价和工程总价进行支付的方式。

施工企业按照每个项目的工程量和单价进行计算,并按照进度要求进行分期支付。

这种方式可以确保施工企业按照合同要求完成工程,并且有利于预算和成本控制。

然而,由于定额支付方式忽略了实际施工过程中的细节和变化,可能导致对施工方的严苛要求和未能及时解决的问题。

2. 进度支付方式进度支付方式是按照工程进度进行支付的方式。

施工企业根据工程进度表中确定的进度比例,向业主提交支付申请。

这种方式重视工程进度的控制和实时监测,有利于确保施工按时完成。

然而,进度支付方式可能导致进度的强化和资源浪费,特别是在采用施工总承包的情况下,施工企业可能会为了按时支付而加班加点,导致质量下降或者安全问题。

三、施工结算方式1. 总价结算方式总价结算方式是根据施工合同中确定的总价进行结算的方式。

施工企业根据合同条款提交结算申请,并按照合同约定的支付方式和时间进行结算。

这种方式相对简单明了,适用于施工过程中工程量和价格较为稳定的情况。

然而,总价结算方式忽略了实际施工过程中的变化和风险,可能导致业主和施工企业之间的争议和纠纷。

2. 单价结算方式单价结算方式是根据施工合同中确定的单位工程工程量和对应的单价进行结算的方式。

施工企业根据工程实际完成情况,编制施工计量表,并根据单价计算结算金额。

这种方式相对灵活,适应了施工过程中的变化和调整。

然而,单价结算方式可能需要频繁调整单价,对于预算和成本控制较为困难。

四、施工计量支付与结算方式的优缺点施工计量支付与结算方式各有其优缺点,需要根据具体情况进行选择。

项目管理英文词汇

项目管理英文词汇

项目管理英文词汇ABC Activity Based Costing 基于活动的成本核算ABM Activity Based Management 基于活动的管理ACWP Actual Cost of Work Performed 已完成工作实际成本ADM Arrow Diagram Method 箭线图方法ADP Automated Data Processing 自动化数据处理ADR Alternative Dispute Resolution 替代争议解决方案AF Actual Finish Date 实际完成日期AFE Application for Expenditure 支出申请AFE Authority for Expenditure 开支权ALAP As-Late-As-Possible 尽可能晚AMR Advanced Material Release 材料提前发布AOA Activity on Arc 弧线表示活动双代号网络AOA Activity on Arrow 箭线表示活动双代号网络AON Activity on Node 节点表示活动单代号网络AOQ Average Outgoing Quality 平均出厂质量AOQL Average Outgoing Quality Limit 平均出厂质量限度APMA Area of Project Management Application 项目管理的应用领域APR Acquisition Plan Review 采购计划评审AQL Acceptable Quality Level 可接受质量水平AS Actual Start Date 实际开始日期ASAP As-Soon-As-Possible 尽快ATP Acceptance Test Procedure 验收测试过程AUW Authorized Unpriced Work 批准的未定价工作BAC Budget at Completion 完工预算BAC Baseline at Completion 完成/完工基线BATNA Best Alternative to Negotiated Agreement 协议外最佳方案BCM Business Change Manager 商业变更经理BCWP Budgeted Cost of Work Performed 已完工作预算成本BCWS Budgeted Cost of Work Scheduled 计划工作的预算成本BEC Elapsed Cost 计划工作的预算成本BOOT Build, Own, Operate, Transfer 建造拥有经营转让BPA Blanket Purchase Agreement 一揽子采购协议BSA Balanced Scorecard Approach 平衡记分卡方法C/SCSC Cost/Schedule Control System Criteria 成本控制系统标准? C/SSR Cost/Schedule Status Report 成本/进度状态报告CA Control Account 控制帐目CAD Computer Aided Drafting/Design 计算机辅助制图/设计CAM Cost Account Manager 成本帐目经理CAM Computer Aided Manufacturing 计算机辅助制造CAM Control Account Manager 控制帐目经理CAP Cost Account Plan 成本帐目计划CAP Control Account Plan 控制帐目计划CAR Capital Appropriation Request 资本划拨请求CBD Component-Based Development 基于构件的开发CBS Cost Breakdown Structure 成本分解结构CCB Change Control Board 变更管理委员会CCDR Contractor Cost Data Report 承包商成本数据报告CDR Critical Design Review 关键设计评审CI Configuration Item 配置项CM Configuration Management/Construction Management 配置管理/施工管理CPFFC Cost Plus Fixed Fee Contract 成本加固定费用合同CPI Cost Performance Index 成本绩效指数CPI Cost Performance Indicator 成本绩效指数CPIFC Cost Plus Incentive Fee Contract 成本加奖励费用合同CPM Critical Path Method 关键路径法CPN Critical Path Network 关键路径网络图CPPC Cost Plus Percentage of Cost Contract 成本加成本百分比合同CPR Cost Performance Ratio 成本绩效比率CPR Cost Performance Report 成本绩效报告CPU Central Processing Unit 中央处理单元CR Change Request 变更请求CSCI Computer Software Configuration Item 计算机软件配置CSF Critical Success Factors 关键的成功因素CTC Contract Target Cost 合同目标成本CTP Contract Target Price 合同目标价格CTR Cost-Time Resource Sheet 成本时间资源表CV Cost Variance 成本偏差CWBS Contract Work Breakdown Structure 合同工作分解结构DBA Database Administrator 数据库管理员DBM Dynamic Baseline Model 动态基线模型DBMS Database Management System 数据库管理系统DCE Distributed Computing Environment 分布式计算环境DCF Discounted Cash Flow 折现现金流DD Data Date 数据日期DID Data Item Description 工作项描述DRD documentation Requirements Description 文档要求说明DU Duration 工期持续时间EAC Estimated Actual at Completion 实际完工估算ECC Estimated Cost to Complete 尚未完成的成本估算ECP Engineering Change Proposal 工程变更建议书EF Early Finish Date 最早完成日期EFC Estimated Final Cost 估算的最终成本EMR Expenditure Management Report 支出管理报告EPS Enterprise Project Structure 企业项目结构ERP Enterprise Resource Planning 企业资源规划ERPS Enterprise Resource Planning Systems 企业资源规划系统ES Early Start Date 最早开始日期ESAR Extended Subsequent Applications Review 扩展后续应用评审ETC Estimate To Complete 尚未完成/完工的估算EV Expected value 期望值EVMS Earned value Management System 挣值管理系统FAC Forecast At Completion 完工预测FF Free Float 自由浮动时间FFP Firm Fixed Price Contract 严格固定价格合同FIFO First In, First Out 先进先出FM Functional Manager 职能经理FP Fixed Price Contract 固定价格合同FPPIF Fixed Price Plus Incentive Fee Contract 固定价格加激励酬FTC Forecast to Completion 完工尚需预测FTP File Transfer Protocol 文件传输协议G&A General and Administrative Costs 综合行政管理成本G&A General and Administrative 综合行政管理费GAAP Generally Accepted Accounting Principles 公认会计原则GERT Graphical Evaluation and Review Technique 图形评审技术GUI Graphical User Interface 图形用户界面回帖引用1楼[楼主] 小成只看此人2008.03.25 10:39[吧主]荣誉:0经验:425资格qualification.预备资格prequalification.商务条款与条件commercial terms and condition .商务commercial.技术technical.技术说明technical specification.建议书proposal book.资料费information price.估价estimated price.报价quoted price.报价书quotation..2报价资料..工艺说明process description.工艺特点process feature.经验记载experience record.工艺特性process performance.设备表equipment list.说明规定规格specification.简要说明short specification.条件图sketch drawing .流程图flow diagram.平衡图balance diagram.方框图block diagram.P&amp;I 图P&amp;I diagram.单线图single line diagram.布置图layout.平面布置图plot plan.总图general plot plan.附件appendix.资料文件document..3.合同技术用语..保证guarantee.性能保证performance guarantee.时间保证time guarantee.交货保证delivery guarantee.建造保证workmanship guarantee.生产能力capacity.质量quality.消耗量consumption.原材料feedstock.原料raw material.辅助原料sub-raw material.产品product.付产品by-product.中间产品intermediate.公用工程utility.燃料fuel.化学品chemical.界区battery limit.(界区)进料incoming.(界区)出料outgoing.界区条件battery limits condition.(配管图)分界区match line.工厂装置plant.设备equipment.关键设备critical equipment.专利设备proprietary equipment.有位号设备itemized equipment.无位号设备non-itemized equipment.散装材料bulk material.施工材料material of construction.仪表instrument.备品备件spare part.建筑工具construction aid.(现场)居住设施accommodation.现场派遣expatriate.运转率on stream factor.运转天数stream day.系列train.日历日calendar day.日历月calendar month.机械(试车)完工mechanical completion.试车trial operation.初次试车initial operation.开车start up.注油oil in .投料fees in.首次出料first drop.保证试运转guarantee test run.装置验收plant acceptance.移交turnover.议定书protocol..4估算......................................................................................................................; . .估算estimate.概算budgetary estimate.推算slide.幂指数power term.(费用)分类,分项价格breakdown.外汇foreign currency.当地货币local currency.可兑换货币convertible currency.专利费license fee.专利权税royalty.变动专利权税running royalty.专有技术费know-how fee.基础设计费basic engineering fee.代理费agent fee.手续费commission.不可预见费contingency.外汇风险exchange risk.易货补偿compensation.直接费用direct cost.间接费用indirect cost.项目管理费project expense.现场管理费field expense.一般管理费overhead.利润profit.生活费living expense.出勤津贴daily allowance.(出差)准备费outfit allowance.劳务费labor cost.基本工资base wage.补偿费payroll burden.福利费fringe benefit..5可行性研究..可行性feasibility.现场选定site selection.(现场)位置location.市场marketing.可获利润率profitability.生产成本production cost.经营费operation cost.可变成本variable cost.不变成本fixed cost.总投资total capital cost .折旧费depreciation.现金流量cash flow.折现现金流量discount cash flow.工况研究case study.产权资本,自有资金equity.建设资本利息interest during construction..6业务范围.............................................................................................................; . .现场勘测site survey.工艺设计process design.基础设计basic engineering.基础设计包basic design package.详细设计detail engineering.采购procurement.海运ocean transportation.陆运inland transportation.安装erection work.土建工作civil work.施工construction work.临时工作temporary work.投料试车commissioning.培训training.(现场)指导supervisory service.顾问advisor service.初步设计preliminary project.最终设计final project.基础设施infrastructure.上部结构superstructure.软件software.硬件hardware..7工厂分类与设计..处女地工厂grass root plant.总厂integral plant.分厂single plant.成套装置package plant.翻版(设计)厂copy plant.生产厂commercial plant.中试工厂pilot plant.实验室规模装置bench scale unit.石化总厂petrochemical complex.回帖引用2楼[楼主] 小成只看此人2008.03.25 10:50[吧主]荣誉:0经验:425(工业)放大scale-up扩建expansion改建、更改modification镜象布置mirror image设计余量over design降负荷运转turndown消除瓶颈Debottlenecking工厂模型plant model8设备工艺装置process plant装置区内on site装置区外off site界区内inside battery limit界区外outside battery limit公用工程设施utility facility贮存设施storage facility辅助设施auxiliary facility衔接interconnection主变电所main substation发电设施power generation facility事故发电设备emergency power generation facility 水处理装置water treatment facility冷却塔cooling tower抽水设施water intake facility海水淡化装置desalination facility蒸汽发生装置steam generation facility仪表空气发生装置instrument gas generation facility 惰性气发生装置inert gas generation facility空分装置air separation facility罐区tank yard散装贮藏设备bulk storage facility包装机械bagging facility制袋设备bag making facility装瓶设备bottling facility装货设施loading facility卸货设施unloading facility铁路侧线railway siding栈桥jetty 行政办公楼administration building维修车间maintenance shop中央化验室central laboratory内部通用设施intercommunication facility广播系统public address system询呼设施paging facility消防设施fire fighting facility安全器具safety equipment生活设施colony公用设施town-shop娱乐设施recreation facility9相关企业承包商contractor主承包商prime contractor分包商subcontractor直接雇佣direct hire专利商licenser转专利者sub-licenser专利使用者licensee专利拥有者patent-owner竞争者competitor国际财团consortium合作者collaborator买方(1)buyer(2)purchaser卖方seller厂商vendor制造商(1)maker(2)manufacture 业主owner顾问consultant技术顾问Technical adviser用户User最终用户End user客户(1)customer(2)client代理商agent挂名人dummy2 投标合同2 1 投标概况询价inquiry报价估价书quotation estimation投标投标书bid tender投标资料bid document预审pre-qualification意向书letter of intent2 2合同用语协议agreement合同契约contract注销cancellation约定Consideration合同转让Assignment of contract不可抗力force majeure仲裁attribution基本法governing law秘密条款(1)secrecy clause(2)non-disclosure clause 预定损坏赔偿费liquidated damages总赔偿额度total liability连带(债务) joint and several预先债权lien免除waiver保证guaranty担保warranty赔偿indemnity定义definition增额escalation罚款penalty支付条款terms of payment税金tax and duties侵犯专利patent infringement最高限额ceiling委任书power of attorney保证金bond2 3合同形式投标合同competitive bid contract议付合同negotiated contract FOB合同fob-type contract成套承包合同(1)turnkey contract(交钥匙合同) (2)chef montage contract 总付合同lump sum price contract单价契约unit price contract正价加附加费合同cost plus fee contract 预投标协议pre-bid agreement产品抵债products sharing互购交易counter-purchase transaction 3 支付金融财务3 1支付金融支付条款支付条件payment terms延期付款deferred payments存留款项保留资金retention payment定期付款schedule payment施工分期付款progressive payment付款交单D/P documents against payment承兑交单调D/A documents against acceptance 信贷信用credit卖方信贷供应商信贷supplier’s credit买方信贷buyer’s credit银行借贷bank loan财政金融finance借款借贷loan偿还reimburse reimbursement保证书letter of guarantee信用证信贷书letter of credit外汇兑换率exchange rate兑换单汇款单据documentary bill of exchange汇款汇兑基金remittance3 2财务自然增长基数accrual basis资产负债表决算表balance sheet损益报表P&amp;L profit and loss statement 4 采购运输保险4 1进出口手续出口许可证export license出口许可证变更E/L a回帖引用3楼[楼主] 小成只看此人2008.03.25 10:55[吧主]荣誉:0经验:425标准结算方法standard payment 非标准结算方法non-standard payment DBC draw back car go(dbc)出口申报银行export declaration bank e/d 进口申报单export declaration custom 进口许可证i mport license保税区域bonded area 关税import duty 原产地说明书certificate of origin 发票Invoice4 2运输装箱单packing list 提单bill of lading (B/L) 指示提单order B/L 直接提单straight B/L 装运提单shipped B/L, on board B/L 备运提单received B/L 不附带条件的提单clean B/L 不洁提单di rty B/L, foul B/L 直运提单direct B/L 联运提单through B/L 船上收货单mate’s receipt 装货通知单shipping order (S/O) 交货单delivery order (D/O) 空运货单airway bill 海上运费ocean fr eight 海上运费同盟freight conference 目的地付费freight payable at destination 码头人工搬运费stevedorage 空载运费dead freight 船到港预定时间expected time of arrival (ETA) 船离港预定时间expected time of departure (ETD) 海关快速发货custom quick despatch (CQD) 滞船费demurrage 码头搬运商stevedore 超尺寸运输over-dimension cargo (ODC)4 3保险海上保险marine cargo insurance 现场指导失误保险supervisor’s risk insurance4 4贸易条件出厂价(1)ex works(2)ex factory(3)ex mill 海上交货fob-named port of shipment 含保险海上交货cif-named port of destination 国境交货条件franco frontier4 5采购采购procurement 厂家vendor 厂家一览表vendor list 市场价market price 黑市价dark price 现价up-to-date price level 报价quotation 偏差表deviation list 到货时间time of delivery 支付方式(1)terms of payment(2)payment condition(3)payment terms 延缓支付deferred payment 现金支付cash on delivery 预先支付down payment 发货前支付advance payment 到货后支付progress payment 计划支付scheduled payment 购买条件terms and conditions of purchase 折价discount 谈判交涉negotiation 澄清clarification 购买意向intent to purchase 比较表tabulation 评语evaluation 价格分析value analysis 定购单purchase order 变更定购单change order 支付方式method of payment 现金cash 支票check 期票promissory note 催货expediting 跟踪系统follow-up system4 6包装包装packing 防锈包装rust-proof packing 防潮湿包装moisture-proof packing 防水包装water-proof packing 软包装shrink packing 木箱wooden box 板条箱crate 滑橇底座skid base 框架箱framed box 码垛盘pallet 侧板side plate 吊具sling fitting 花篮螺栓turnbuckle 钢带steel strapping 角保护袋edge protector closure plate 防护角corner protector 板board 合板plyw ood 缓冲材料cushioning material 通气孔盖ventilation cover 超载superimposed load 开包un packing 船上标志shipping mark 注意标志care mark 5 项目执行及费用管理5 1项目执行总图会议kick-off meeting 项目研究会议project study meeting 开工会议launching meeting 项目报告project reporting 审查会议screening meeting 进展报告progress report 协调过程co ordination procedure 变更指示change order 认可approval 复阅review5 2工程项目完工报告job close-out report 项目执行报告job performance report 完工汇编close-out b ook 反馈系统feed back system 项目设计条件project design information 会签inter-departme nt check 工程设计engineering design 工艺条件确认engineering review 工艺条件校核enginee ring checking 项目完成指标审核表project performance check sheet 施工版approved for cons truction (afc) 设计变更error report 技术文件technical data book 管道材料工艺条件process d ata for piping material 载荷条件loading data 关键路径法critical path method 关键路径进度表critical path scheduling PERT program evaluation and review technique5 3费用及工时管理工程预算project control budget 工时man-hour (M/H) 工日man-day (M/D) 人月man-month (M/N) 考勤表time sheet 工作号work number 项目号job number 预期项目号proposal num ber 改进工作improvement work 闲滞idle 工时报告man-hour report 项目工时汇总job man-h our performance report 5 4费用分类费用分类code of account 主账major account 分账sub-account 设备位号item number5 5组织指定assign 借调on-loan 项目成员project number 项目经理project manager (PM) 项目经理助理assistant project manager (APM) 施工经理construction manager (CM) 开工经理operatio n manager (OM) 现场指挥field manger 项目前期经理proposal manager 估算员estimator 原始采购员originator 协调员coordinator 项目设计协调员project design coordinator (PDC)6 标准化资料管理法规规格6 1标准化标准化standardization 标准规格standard 工程规定engineer specification 项目特殊要求spec ific job requirement 工程手册engineering manual 标准图standard drawing 工程用表格engine ering form 法规law and regulation 法律law6 2资料管理情报管理information and documentation 信息中心information center 调研(追述) retrospectiv e searching 信息选择服务selective dissemination of information 情报跟踪current awareness 检索效率retrieval efficiency 资料documents 原文献primary sources 文献摘抄secondary sour ces 连载刊物serials 定期刊物periodieals (学会)纪要memoirs 会报transactions 会议论文conf erence paper 会议记录proceedings 索引期刊index journal 文摘期刊abstract journal 情报摘要information abstract 提示文稿indicative abstract 图书目录book catalo</。

BIM和IPD

BIM和IPD

BIM和IPD二、什么是IPD?目前流行的项目实施方法,包括平行发包(Multi-Prime)、设计-投标-施工(Design-Bid-Build)、设计+施工或交钥匙(Design-Build)和承担风险的CM(Construction Management at Risk)等模式,都有一个天生的缺陷:把参与方置于对立的地位- 即参与方的目标和项目总体的目标不一致,经常出现这样的情况,项目的目标没有完成(例如造价超出预算),但某个参与方的目标却圆满完成(例如施工方实现盈利)。

在上述项目管理和实施模式下,参与方以合同规定的自身的责权利作为努力目标,例如项目设计是设计方的工作,跟施工方无关,因此很多设计图纸中的问题直到施工现场才发现,从而导致影响项目工期、造价甚至质量的各类变更。

IPD的中心目标就是要改变传统项目实施方法各参与方处于对立地位的天生缺陷,维基百科这样给IPD下定义:Integrated Project Delivery (abbreviated IPD), is a project delivery method that integrates people, systems, business structures and practices into a process that collaboratively harnesses the talents and insights of all participants to optimize project results, increase value to the owner, reduce waste, and maximize efficiency through all phases of design, fabrication, and construction.我们通过下表来看看IPD和传统项目实施方法有些什么不同:IPD的核心是一支由主要利益相关方组成的协同、一体化、高效的项目团队。

中外建设工程项目组织实施方式

中外建设工程项目组织实施方式

中外建设工程项目组织实施方式一、国际上常用的建设工程项目组织实施方式按照国际工程承包惯例,项目管理早已不再仅仅是一门学问或仅仅是一种管理方式,它实际上已经成为国际建筑业的一种公认的科学管理模式和经营机制。

长期以来随着工程项目的管理模型、技术复杂程度和资本化程度的不断加大以及工程承包模式的多样化,国外承包商、咨询公司一直在经营体制上进行不断的调整以图与之相适应。

业主在计划一个建设项目时,首先应认真研究、分析这些因素,然后选择合适的工程项目发包模式,只有在正确地选择了适合拟建工程特点的发包模式后,在得到相应法律保证的基础上,按照其发包模式的国际惯例、大家认可的管理方式进行运作,这样才能保证参与建设项目各方的利益。

目前,国际上常采用的工程发包模式有:传统发包模式(Traditional Procurement System),建筑工程管理发包模式(Construction Management approach,CM),设计——建造发包模式(Design—Build Method),设计——管理发包模式(Design—Manage)与BOT发包模式(Build—Operate—Transfer)等等。

本文重点介绍传统发包模式与建筑工程管理发包模式。

(一)传统发包模式工程项目建设的传统发包模式(Traditional Procurement System)历史悠久,在国际上最为通行,其管理模式如图1所示。

由图1可以看出,在业主企图建设工程项目之前,业主委托建筑师/咨询工程师进行前期的有关工作,待项目评估、业主批准立项后再进行设计,在设计阶段准备施工招标文件,随后通过招标选择承包商,业主和承包商签订工程施工合同。

承包商根据需要可就项目的有关单位工程、专业工程和材料采购等进行分包,并与分包商单独签订合同,直接组织实施。

就其管理工作而言,业主一般指派业主代表与承包商联系,负责有关的项目管理工作,在必要的时候,业主也可以委托建筑师/咨询工程师进行,授权其管理工程项目的有关工作,建筑师/咨询工程师和承包商没有合同关系,仅只承担业主委托的管理、协调工作,业主和分包商之间也没有合同关系,也不承担对分包商的管理工作,分包商只接受承包商的管理。

中英文对照外文文献 计划风险管理中英文对照外文翻译文献

中英文对照外文文献 计划风险管理中英文对照外文翻译文献

中英文对照外文文献计划风险管理中英文对照外文翻译文献导读:就爱阅读网友为您分享以下“计划风险管理中英文对照外文翻译文献”资讯,希望对您有所帮助,感谢您对的支持!计划风险管理中英文对照外文翻译文献计划风险管理中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)原文:Schedule Risk ManagementINTRODUCTIONSchedule risks are both threats and opportunities to the success of a project. Threats tend to reduce the success ofmeeting the project goals and opportunities tend to increase the success. Risk management is the process of identifying, analyzing, qualifying and quantifying the risks, and developing a plan to deal with them. This is routinely done during baseline schedule development as well as during schedule updates. Implementation of risk. .1计划风险管理中英文对照外文翻译文献management starts with early planning in both budgetary cost estimating and preliminary master scheduling in order to determine budgets and schedules with a comfortable level of confidence in the completion date and final cost.While there are entire volumes addressing risk in construction projects, it is important to note that the issue of time-related risk has not been universally incorporated into planning. Assessing cost risk is more intuitive, and very often addressed through the use of heuristics, so it has become more of a standard of the industry than time-related risk management. Most estimators will automatically add a contingency toa cost estimate to cover the risk of performance based on the type of project and circumstances pertaining to theundertaking of the project. Estimators estimate this contingency using their own rules of thumb developed over years of estimating as well as estimate ingmanuals,such as Means’Cost Data or Cost Works. However, when it comes todeveloping the critical path method (CPM) schedules, risk management is often overlooked or underestimated.The purpose of this chapter is to provide an overview of risk management and the assessment process as well as best practices for incorporation of risk management into CPM schedule development and maintenance. For more detailed information about schedule risk, the reader should refer to risk management books, particularly those that focus on project management. One of the best resources available is David Hulett’s new book, Practical Schedule. .2计划风险管理中英文对照外文翻译文献Risk Analysis.Any risk management program starts with a good and accurate CPM schedule, created through the use of best practices and checked for quality, reasonableness, and appropriateness of the network model. Without awell-designed and developed CPM baseline schedule, a risk management process will not be effective. The risk analysis depends upon accurate and consistent calculations of the network logic, the appropriateness of the sequencing and phasing, and a reasonable approach to estimating activity durations.Most CPM schedules are not adjusted for risk but rather are developed as if there were one right answer for the schedule’s numerical data. Generally, activity durations are established by calculation of the quantity of work represented by an activity divided by the production rate, or by sheer ‘‘gut feeling’’of the project manager or crew leader. This production rate is normally established by the contractor’s historical records or an estimating system, such as Means’, that provides an accurate data base of average production rates. Once those durations are calculated, they are often used as deterministic values, which assumes that the durations are accurate and unlikely to change. This assumption ignores the fact that the schedule is attempting to predict how long it will take to complete an activity at some unknown time in the future,using an unknown crew composition, with variableexperience, and working. .3计划风险管理中英文对照外文翻译文献in unknown conditions. Risk management recognizes the uncertainty in duration estimating and provides a system to brain storm other risks that may occur during the project. Probability distributions are the best way to model planned activity durations, as noted by Hulett ‘‘The best way to understand the activity durations that are included in the schedule is as probabilistic statements of possible durations rather than a deterministic statement about how long the future activity will take.’’DEFINITION OF RISK TERMSThe Project Management Institute (PMI) defines project risk in its Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) as ‘‘an uncertain event or condition that, if it occurs, has a positive or negative effect on at least one project objective, such as time, cost, scope, or quality. A risk may have one or more causes and, if it occurs, one or more impacts.’’PMBOK adds ‘‘Risk conditions could include aspects of the project’s or organization’s environment that may contribute to project risk, such as poor projectmanagement practices, or dependency on external participants who cannot be controlled.’’Risk Management: A process designed to examine uncertainties occurring during project delivery and to implement actions dealing with those uncertainties in order to achieve project objectives The definition of risk management in PMBOK, 4th Edition, is: ‘‘systematic process of identifying, analyzing, and responding to project risk.’’. .4计划风险管理中英文对照外文翻译文献Risk definition by AACEi Cost Engineering Terminology7 is: ‘‘the degree of dispersion or variability around the expected or ‘best’value, which is estimated to exist for the economic variable in question, e.g., a quantitative measure of the upper and lower limits which are considered reasonable for the factor being estimated.’’Time Contingency: An amount of time added to the base estimated duration to allow for unknown impacts to the project schedule, or to achieve a certain level of confidence in the estimated duration.Probability: A measure of the likelihood of occurrence of anevent.Risk register: A checklist of potential risks developed during the risk identification phase of risk management.Risk allocation: A determination of how to respond to risks, which can include shifting risk, avoiding risks, preventing or eliminating risks, and incorporating risks into the schedule. Deterministic: A calculated approach to estimating single activity duration using work quantity divided by estimated production rate.Probabilistic: The determination of risk likelihood and consequences to establish duration ranges or risk-adjusted durations that can be used in a schedule in recognition that there are no certainties in estimating future durations. Monte Carlo analysis: A probabilistic approach to determining confidence levels of completion dates for a project schedule by calculating durations as. .5计划风险管理中英文对照外文翻译文献probability distributions.Probability distribution: The spread of durations in a statistically significant population that is used for the range of durations in probabilistic scheduling approaches.Confidence level: A measure of the statistical reliability of the prediction of project completion.What-if scenario: A modeling of a risk for use in a CPM schedule in order to predict the ramifications of an identified risk.Qualitative analysis: Occurring on the project, as well as assessing the severity of that risk should it occur and prioritizing the resultant list of risks.Quantitative analysis: The assigning of a probability to the qualitative description of the risk, ranking the risks, and calculating the potential impact from both individual risks as well as the cumulative effect of all risks identified. Exculpatory clauses: Disclaimer verbiage that is designed to shift risk. TYPES OF RISK IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTSEverything that has ever gone wrong on a construction project is a potential risk on the next project. Many project managers instinctively develop a lessons-learned list of historical risks and take steps to minimize their exposure to those risks in the future.Risks vary by industry and even by construction project type as well as by personnel involved with the project. Aroadway or bridge project has a. .6计划风险管理中英文对照外文翻译文献different group of risks than a facility or building, and the selected contractors may have different degrees of influence on the level of risks to performance. If an owner attempts to save money in preconstruction services by limiting the extent of field investigation or development of as-built data, there will be a higher risk of discovery of unknown problems. The experience and competence of the architects and engineers handling the design of the project, as well as their quality control indevelopment of working drawings, directly affect the construction effort and, consequently, the risk associated with the plans and specifications.Even if the owner has been proactive in preconstruction investigation, there is always a risk of unforeseen conditions. This can be a function of the type of soils encountered, the local municipality, and its culture and history of keeping good records of obsolete utilities. If the city in which the project is to be built has a history of requiring contractors to remove all abandoned underground lines, there is a muchlower risk of underground conflicts.The selection of the project team can impact positively or negatively the probability of successful project completion. Design-bid-build projects that use procurement philosophies allowing all financially capable contractors to participate will likely experience a much higher level of risk to on-time performance than a procurement philosophy that requires qualification of proposed contractors to ensure that they have the appropriate experience and resources to construct the project. A single weak subcontractor on a project。

个人对基站施工流程的认识

个人对基站施工流程的认识

个人对基站施工流程的认识1.基站施工需要先进行工程勘察和设计规划。

Construction of a base station requires initial engineering survey and design planning.2.施工前需要申请施工许可证和相关手续。

Before construction, it is necessary to apply for construction permits and related procedures.3.施工现场需要进行严格的安全检查和防护措施。

Strict safety checks and protective measures are required at the construction site.4.施工人员需具备相关的资质和技能。

Construction workers need to have relevant qualifications and skills.5.施工过程中需要根据设计要求进行土建和设备安装工作。

During construction, it is necessary to carry out civil and equipment installation work according to design requirements.6.施工过程中需要严格遵守当地的建设规范和标准。

During construction, it is necessary to strictly comply with local construction norms and standards.7.施工施工需要配合相关的监理和验收部门进行检查和验收。

During construction, it is necessary to cooperate with relevant supervision and acceptance departments for inspection and acceptance.8.施工过程中需要及时处理施工现场的问题和意外事件。

CM@RISK模式的风险分析

CM@RISK模式的风险分析

T HE R ISK IN CM“A T-R ISK”B Y W ARNER S TRANGINTRODUCTIONThe objective of professional construction managers should be to give their clients thebest possible experience with design and construction, without endangering their own firms and families. The focus of this article is to describe how a construction managercan improve an Owner experience by accepting the transfer of some cost risk, withoutendangering the relationship of trust, or the CM ’firms’ financial footing.In the last thirty years, public agencies in the United States have won the right to use a method of construction contracting that engages a construction manager early in or prior to the design process. It uses that entity to manage the project until its completion. The construction manager is an agent of the Owner in managing the design process, but takes the role of a vendor when a total cost guarantee is given. Many professional construction managers are leery of this change of role, and resist being placed “At-Risk”.The traditional system of public construction in the United States requires the selection ofan architect who prepares complete plans for lump sum bids by general contractors.The development of construction management can be seen as a moral revolution against the poor performance of the traditional system1, or as a natural extension into the public sector of practices that had improved work in private construction since the end of World War II2. Regardless of whose writing of history is correct, with the advent of CM At-Risk owners on public projects now have the option to be protected from cost overruns beyond a certain point in the project, in exchange for some worries. The objective of this paper is to pick those worries apart, and suggest some ways to alleviate them.In choosing the CM At-Risk method there are some potential advantages to both theOwner and the construction manager, and there are some potential drawbacks toeach of them. Since the objective is to improve the Owner’s experience with the process, this article will start with the Owner’s point of view. Then it will look at the issues from the construction manager’s point of view.The contractual arrangement of the parties is not the sole determinant of the success ofbuilding projects. Indeed, there are situations in which contracts are an afterthought, and their terms are quickly forgotten. If the Owner, builder, and designer are competent and expect to depend on each other far into the future, they will probably1 In The CM Contracting System, Edwin Haltenhoff portrays the root form of construction management as agency construction management, and discusses departures from that system as necessary evils.2The Harvard Business Review of March-April 1973 had an article entitled How To Avoid Construction Headaches that heralded a new approach as an outgrowth of success in private construction. That trend continued slowly for the next 30 years.Texas K-12 and public higher education projects30%1%4%Design-bid-build19%46%Source: Effects of State Legislation on Contracting Methods of Public Schools and Universities, Forum on ConstructionProject Delivery for Texas Public Work, January 31, 2001, K. Everette Sylvester, Ph.D, Principal Investigator Relationships are a selection factor in 81% of this workdo their best regardless of the form of contract. If the participants suspect one another of dishonor, and believe that punishment for poor work will not be possible, it is unlikely that they will produce a success. None-the-less, in most real situations a well thought out set of relationships helps produce a good result, and construction managers owe it to their clients.FROM THE OWNERS POINT OF VIEWThe great advantage to CM At-Risk for most public Owners is that their governing bodies accept it. In most states it is the most widely used form of construction management practiced 3. Most Owners see having a Guaranteed Maximum Price (GMP) as equivalent to having a Stipulated Sum Cost, and on that basis are willing to enter the experiment.Agency Multi Prime Construction Management is available to public Owners in most states. It appears that its use has been small because of the fear of creating a lack of accountability for the total cost 4. Most governing bodies have a healthy knowledge of the lack of control they have over the cost consciousness of their staff.The choice then for most public Owners is between CM At-Risk and the traditional system. If they do not want to use the traditional method because of past poor results,3 A reference here on the state laws. Damian Hill, AGC, study to be completed in August 2002.4Ibidand are not bold enough to try Design-Build, they are encouraged in this direction. Let’s look at the risks involved.THE COST OF THE WORKDoes using a Construction Manager At-Risk raise or lower the cost of the building? On one hand one might imagine that having a very cost conscious group involved early might lower it. On the other hand, the usual CM process seems to involve less risk-taking on cost by the Construction Manager than that taken by a lump sum Contractor. So In this case, maybe the total cost is may be raised. The Construction Industry Institute Study seems to indicate a substantial savings in cost growth, but no good information on comparative initial cost5.The issue is difficult to get hard information on. Each project is unique and can’t be done built both ways several times to do an experiment. There is one good laboratory, - though. In the Florida schools program it is common to have one prototypical set of plans built several times in several different ways. The conventional wisdom is that the results of a study of those instances would find that on the same set of plans Construction Management At-Risk was on the average less expensive than Lump Sum Bidding, but only because it did not have the occasional terrible result of low bid contracting. Eight times out of ten the low bidder was less expensive than the CM At-Risk, but two times the lump sum bid project was far more expensive because of lawsuits, and lost use of the facility. The resulting belief is that there is a cost advantage to CM At-Risk over lump sum bidding because it reduces the risk of the disastrous, lawsuit-riddled project. There is, however, no academic study to confirm that widely held belief.There is no data about CM Agency construction in the Florida’s school programs because it appears that it is seldom used.The larger question concerns whether the presence of a cost conscious group during design will tend to hold the cost of the work down. That effect would be present with both CM Agency and CM At-Risk. Most Construction Managers feel it is true, but there aren’t any clear studies on this question either.FEES FOR CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENTAn Owner might want to know if the fees paid to a CM At-Risk are higher or lower than the comparable costs to a general contractor in the traditional system, or the fees to an Agency CM. The answer is that the accounting group that monitors construction companies, the Construction Financial Management Association (CFMA), can find no systematic differences between CM At-Risk and lump sum general contracting6.5 Construction Industry Institute (CII), Research Report 133-1, Alan Champagne et al, 1999.6 CFMA Annual Financial Survey 2000, p 53.Different sorts of Construction Managers At-Risk price work differently, but overall itappears that it is about as well or poorly paid as other types of construction. The feesfor CM Agency are usually less, because there is no element of business risk.There is one negative element to CM At-Risk fees. In many areas of the country theyare subject to some marvelous sleight of hand. If the “fee” that is quoted is to be a partof the selection, you can be sure that it will be only a small part of the final gross marginto the Construction Manager. An Owner, in order to not be misled, needs a close advisor not to be misled. The calculation of the actual gross margin to the builder fromfee, mark-ups on labor, allocations of fixed expenses like insurance, and savings sharingshould be done by an experienced person. The negotiation of a final contract shouldcenter on assuring the builder a fair profit for a good job.THE TIME IT TAKESDoes putting the CM At-Risk raise or lower the time it takes to complete the work? To the extent that the Owner is willing to begin construction before the plans are complete, either CM Agency or CM At-Risk lowers to the total time over using the traditional system. If a cost guarantee gives the Owner the confidence to do that, then the CM At-Risk system takes less time. There are several studies that find better schedule performance of CM At-Risk than traditional systems, but no comparisons of CM At-Risk and CM Agency7.THE QUALITY OF THE RESULTDoes using a CM At-Risk produce a better or worse building than CM Agency or the traditional system? It is likely to produce better quality than lump sum bidding, for the same reason that it is likely to be a little more expensive much of the time. It tends to use bondable, therefore better, more expensive subcontractors.On the surface it should be about the same between CM Agency and CM At-Risk. They both bid the work to subcontractors under the scrutiny of the Owner. There are, however, some social tendencies based on the usual backgrounds of the firms that may make a difference in quality. CM At-at Risk contractors are usually descended from general contractors, and that gives them one advantage and two disadvantages.On the plus side for CM At-Risk, it is usually easier for the firms to discourage poor quality subs from bidding. The CM At-Risk firm has the image of a general contractor who can punish poor work more easily by not providing work for them on the other projects on which they work, and by demanding better work. On the negative side, the existence of a cost guarantee may influence the field staff to look the other way when a problem comes up that would tend to push the cost over the guarantee. In most cases the only7 Construction Industry Institute (CII) Research Summary 133-1, December 1997way the CM At-Risk can lose money is to have a big field problem. So there may be less enthusiasm for good inspection in close situations. Also on the negative side, the background of the CM At-Risk’s personnel is usually from lump sum bidding, and they often feel closer to the subcontractors than the Owner by habit.It is hard to judge construction quality by any objective standard. The CII study makes a case for the quality of a CM At-Risk project being higher than a lump sum project but there is no data on CM Agency.WHAT’S THE RISK?Often discussions of CM At-Risk focus on the risk of a cost overrun costing the CM a great deal of money. That doesn’t happen often.When it is possible most Owners wait until the guarantee is given on the basis of completed, or almost completed, plans. The CM is allowed a contingency for the normal mistakes in construction. If later bid packages come in above the amount allowed for them in the GMP there is pressure to reduce the scope of the work so that it’s the cost to the CM fits within his guarantee. In thirty years of work of this sort I have only seen two GMP’s exceeded during the project causing the CM to make up the difference. But many GMP’s have escalated above the original number.A greater risk is that the CM now is the vendor of a product, and bears all of the risks that manufacturers and operating companies do in other lines of work. Hidden defects can come back to cost dearly years later. Accidents to craftsmen can exceed insurance coverage. The normal dangers of buying and selling multi-million dollar pieces of work mean that the CM At-Risk has a great many hidden risks, and that consequently the Owner now doesn’t. The CM Agent is less in the position of selling a product, and so has less of the risk of a manufacturer.FROM THE CONSTRUCTION MANAGER’S POINT OF VIEWAll of the foregoing deals with how the Owner should look At-Risk. How should practitioners feel about it?For a professional service Construction Manager who is accustomed to doing CM Agency work, assuming the position of the CM At-Risk has the attraction of affording his client some comforting assurance on total cost, but exposing the CM to some commercial risk. Managing this risk will require some changes in procedures and objectives, but will bring with it some additional fee for risk.For the general contractor the change will be the advocacy of the client’s position that is imposed by the role of a Construction Manager. CM At-Risk is still largely a position of representing the Owner’s interests, and if it is pursued as simply a negotiated general contract it will leave the Owner dissatisfied and the CM without future work.PROTECTING AGAINST OVERRUNSFor the professional service CM, the financial questions come down to preventing cost overruns on units of work that have been bid prior to the guarantee, and bid overruns on units which are only estimated in the guarantee. The main changes in procedures are:Estimating with a larger contingency. A CM who can see himself paying the difference can see more potential problems in any incomplete set of plans. The challenge is to combine prudence with a desire not to seriously over estimate.Being more selective on subcontractors. In many cases an Agency CM will allow some subcontractors to propose for secondary Owner-driven social reasons. As a CM At-Risk, he will find himself with a harder heart, and perhaps require subcontract bonds where he once thought them unnecessary.Being more aggressive on change orders. If the CM At-Risk has been on board all along, he will find asking for changes because of ambiguities in the plans as hard difficult as ever. He will however find it necessary to be more aggressive on changed conditions, and external problems like the weather. He will find himself at times on the other side of the table from the Owner. Doing this without giving offense or provoking a reaction requires a measure of skill at relationships, and at playing the role of the “good builder”.Billing to allow positive cash flow. The CM At-Risk pays the bills, so he will need to make sure he has the money to do so. Often that means billing on a schedule of values basis more than the sum of the bills in hand, to allow for costs in the middle of the next month. An Agency CM can adopt a distant attitude to these problems, but a CM At-Risk cannot.A Construction Manager who comes from a background of negotiated general contracting for progressive private Owners does not find it difficult to reconcile the obligation to serve his client and his obligation to protect his business. One who comes from the professional service Agency background may find it difficult. Succeeding in making this change in a professional service firm may mean some cultural changes and perhaps some staff changes. An Agency CM turned At-Risk CM runs the real risk of financial loss if he doesn’t pay devote attention to this.THE ASPECT OF TIMEAnother common aspect of CM At-Risk is the requirement for damages for delay. It is a comfort to some Owners to have such a clause. It poses a greater risk of ruining the relationship, however, than all of the cost guarantees that are requested.Most of the time risk in a construction project occurs away from the site. The design work remaining when construction begins, including submittals and their approval, andthe decision-making on changes during construction, account for most of the reasonsfor delay in completion8. If one were to assemble all the information needed toconfirm orders for materials, and all the design decisions, and provide all of the funds needed, and shield all those on site from changes, the construction time would haverelatively little risk in it.A CM At-Risk, who has damages for delay, must clearly point out when he is delayed sohe does not incur those damages. In pointing that outdoing so, he is criticizing imperfections in his client’s organization. That criticism often leads to a breakdown in the relationship. For that reason most Construction Managers rarely agree to such damages on projects with significant potential delays.HOW DOES A CM MOVE INTO WORK AT RISK?A Construction Manager who has worked on a professional service basis for some time has a host of questions to answer to himself before he proposes to act as a CM At-Risk. The first and most important question is whether that role is against his “religion”. That is, can he imagine reconciling the diverse obligations to his client and his own firm? Almost every occupation has inherent conflicts that are resolved by practitioners every day. Insurance agents and stock stockbrokers reconcile their obligations to act for their clients with the sales commissions from selling their various wares. Architects reconcile their desire to build beautiful buildings with their clients need for practical structures within their budgets. But if an individual cannot see himself playing this role comfortably he should not start the process.The next question is whether he has the right staff. A CM At-Risk is in part a general contractor in the public sector. A general contractor lives and dies by the quality of his superintendents. A professional service construction manager will need to have superintendents that he has confidence in, and that he pays well to manage contentious subcontractors. .If he has already been providing Agency Multi-Prime Contracting CM services, he should already have this type of person on staff. But the CM’s who become superintendents must understand that they are now in the business of managing their own company’s risk, in addition to providing good service to the Owner.Another important arrangement is the provision of surety bonds. The company, or its principal owners or guarantors, will need to pledge assets to a surety in the event of a default. The company must have assets left in the business, and continue to accrue assets. Many professional service companies regularly make discretionary bonus disbursements each year of almost all of the profits, and so have little equity to back a bond. Becoming a CM At-Risk means changing the capital structure of a professional service company.8 R.F.Cushman, J.D.Carter & A. Silverman, Construction Litigation:Representing the Contractor, New York: Wiley, p 382Insurance will also change. General liability is much more expensive, and some contracts will need excess liability coverage. There are a host of special situations and perils that come up from year to year. Someone must now think of insurance as an important part of their job.The good news that goes with all this is that a CM At-Risk can expect to make a breakeven labor multiple on his valuable people plus a risk premium of 2-4% of the cost of the project. That means that doing a large project well can be as lucrative as doing several CM Agency projects, and at the same time can fill a valuable role for clients.HOW DOES A GENERAL CONTRACTOR MOVE INTO CM AT RISK?It is nominally easier for a general contractor to become a CM At-Risk, because he has most of the arrangements made already. He has a bonding capacity and liability insurance. He is accustomed to warranty work and acting as the seller of a product. To many general contractors it looks like falling off a log.That attitude won’t last long. Owners expect Construction Managers to be faithful to their client, rather than faithful to the contract. There will be many times that the Owners will ask to be rescued from their own decisions. There will be other times when they would like to blame someone else for imperfect outcomes. Managing these attitudes and situations are all within the work of Construction Managers, and getting used to them will take some doing.To prosper in the role of Construction Manager, a traditional general contractor will need to add people who are relentlessly focused on client satisfaction. He will need to work hard to interface with each client’s organization at least at three levels. He will need to avoid assigning people to these projects who are hard-bitten lump sum bid contractors. If he doesn’t, he will enter an unending paper chase and have both a dissatisfied client and employees.Construction Management At-Risk has some significant advantages for Owners, and therefore to professionals who are dedicated to serving those Owners. CM At-Risk is allowed under most state laws, and is easier to adopt for most public bodies than CM Agency. It is often faster and less expensive than the traditional contracting system. It seems to cost no more in fees than the traditional system, although it has higher fees than Agency CM.The risks to a CM entering the “At-Risk” world are real, but manageable. The CM At-Risk must learn to provide a professional level of service while managing his own risks. He needs to structure his contracts and practices to provide meaningful guarantees while avoiding conflict of interest with the Owner. He must learn more about insurance and make the financial sacrifices to obtain bonding. If he accomplishes this, however, he can provide his clients with a higher level of protection and service.BIBLIOGRAPHY1. C. Edwin Haltenhoff, The CM Contracting System, Prentice-Hall, 1999.2.Construction Industry Institute, Research Summary 133-1 and 133-2.3.Construction Industry Institute, Research Summary 165-1.4.Associated General Contractors Survey of State Regulations.5.Construction Financial Management Association Annual Financial Survey 2000,William Schwab editor, Princeton, New Jersey.6.Florida Educational Facilities Planners Association.7.Daniel Halpin and Ronald W. Woodhead, Construction Management, SecondEdition, John Wiley and Sons, 1998.8.Sidney Levy Project Management in Construction, Third Edition, McGraw-Hill,2000.9.Harvard Business Review, March-April 1973, p.87-93.About the Author: Warner Strang is a Senior Vice President of 3D/International inHouston. He has spent 35 years in the management of construction projects, 20 of them as a Construction Manager At-Risk and 15 as a professional service ConstructionManager.。

根据江苏省土木建筑学会疫情防控管理流程

根据江苏省土木建筑学会疫情防控管理流程

根据江苏省土木建筑学会疫情防控管理流程1.疫情防控管理流程是为了保障施工现场和工地人员的安全。

The epidemic prevention and control management process is to ensure the safety of construction sites and construction personnel.2.每个工地应建立疫情防控管理工作小组。

Each construction site should establish an epidemic prevention and control management team.3.确保工地交通区、生活区、施工区实行分区管理。

Ensure that the traffic area, living area, and construction area of the construction site are managed separately.4.工地管理人员应提醒施工人员佩戴口罩、勤洗手等防护措施。

Site management should remind construction personnel to wear masks, wash hands frequently, and take other protective measures.5.安排专门人员做好工地消毒工作,保持施工现场的清洁卫生。

Arrange special personnel to do a good job indisinfection of the construction site and keep the construction site clean.6.工地人员进出应采取测温、登记等措施,发现异常情况及时上报。

Temperature measurement and registration should be taken for the entry and exit of personnel at the construction site, and any abnormal situations should be reported in a timely manner.7.工地管理人员要做好施工人员的健康监测和防疫知识培训。

美国建筑工程质量法律制度的探析和启示

美国建筑工程质量法律制度的探析和启示

美国建筑工程质量法律制度的探析和启示.txt21春暖花会开!如果你曾经历过冬天,那么你就会有春色!如果你有着信念,那么春天一定会遥远;如果你正在付出,那么总有一天你会拥有花开满圆。

本文由白载载贡献doc文档可能在WAP端浏览体验不佳。

建议您优先选择TXT,或下载源文件到本机查看。

美国建筑工程质量法律制度的探析和启示作者: 作者单南京市建筑安装工程质量监督站位: 母体文第二届中国建设工程质量论坛论文集献: 会议名第二届中国建设工程质量论坛称: 会议时 2007年11月01日间: 会议地深圳点: 主办单中国建筑业协会位: 语种 : 分类号: 关键词: chi TU712.3毛龙泉建筑工程工程质量质量管理法律制度美国建筑工程工程质量质量管理工作法律法规体系质量法规职能机构运作情况2. 美国建筑工程质量法律主要内容 2.1 美国建筑工程质量法律的演变 1994 年以前,美国的建筑监管是基于三个相互独立的建筑法典(条例)体系。

《全国建筑法典》(National Building Code) 在东海岸和中西部各州使用;《统一建筑条例》(Uniform Building Code) 有西海岸各洲采用;《标准建筑条例》 (Standard Building Code)在东南部使用。

三个建筑法典的开发组织在 1994 年合并组成了国际法典委员会(International Code Council)。

国际法典委员会在 1997 年发表了第一个全美国通用的建筑条例(International Building Code),随后又每隔三年出版更新版本。

而美国各州县也先后放弃早期的 NBC、UBC、SBC 条例而改用新的 IBC 条例,不过由于 IBC 是基于 UBC 等条例基础上发展起来的新条例,绝大多数 UBC 条款仍然在 IBC 中有所体现。

国家政府对建设工程质量的监督与控制实行全过程管理。

政府对工程质量监督的目的是保证公民的生命、健康及财产安全,确保设计施工质量的最低要求,主要内容如图(略)。

大型工程项目的tie-in工作的安全控制和施工管理

大型工程项目的tie-in工作的安全控制和施工管理

山 东 化 工 收稿日期:2019-12-05作者简介:谷佳占(1977—),山东青岛人,工程师,从事石油工艺及管道方面的研究。

大型工程项目的TIE-IN工作的安全控制和施工管理谷佳占(中海油石化工程有限公司,山东青岛 266520)摘要:随着国内EPC项目管理经验提升以及工程全球化进程的加快,国内工程公司大量的进入国际市场。

在国际工程中,存在着大量的TIE-IN工作,尤其是石油化工工程的TIE-IN工作存在巨大的安全风险,同时存在着海外项目人工成本高,施工条件不足,施工管理难度大的特点。

本文结合伊拉克米桑油田某大型工程实例,对大型工程项目的TIE-IN工作的安全控制和施工管理进行介绍。

关键词:国际化工程;EPC;TIE-IN工作;安全控制;施工管理中图分类号:TE687 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1008-021X(2020)4-0118-02TIE-INWorkSafetyControlAndConstructionManagementForLargeEngineeringProjectsGuJiazhan1(CNOOCPetrochemicalEngineeringCo.,Ltd.,Qingdao 266520,China)Abstract:WiththeimprovementofdomesticEPCprojectmanagementexperienceandtheaccelerationofengineeringglobalization,alargenumberofdomesticengineeringcompanieshaveenteredtheinternationalmarket.Intheinternationalengineering,therearealotoftie-inwork,especiallythetie-inworkofpetrochemicalengineering,whichhashugesafetyrisk.Atthesametime,ithasthecharacteristicsofhighlaborcost,insufficientconstructionconditionsandgreatdifficultyinconstructionmanagementofoverseasprojects.Thispaperintroducesthetie-inworksafetycontrolandconstructionmanagementofalarge-scaleprojectinmisanoilfield,Iraq.Keywords:internationalproject;EPC;TIE-INwork;safetycontrol;constructionmanagement 近年来随着工程公司的国际项目逐年增加,工程公司对大型国际项目的管理要求不断增加。

名词解释平行承发包模式

名词解释平行承发包模式

名词解释平行承发包模式
平行承发包模式(Parallel Construction Management at Risk,PCMAR)是一种建
筑工程承包模式,也被称为设计-建造-承包(Design-Build-Contract,DBC)模式。

在这种模式下,建筑团队在项目的早期阶段就被聘用了,并与业主和设计团队合作制定项目的设计和构建方案。

然后,建筑团队根据这些方案,同时进行建筑设计和施工准备,而不是将设计工作和施工工作分别委托给不同的公司。

由于设计和施工过程是并行进行的,因此这种模式可以带来一些优势,例如能够更快地完成项目、减少施工时间、提高效率和项目的质量等。

另外,该模式还可以减少业主和建筑团队之间的工作冲突和沟通问题,从而提高项目的协调性和合作性。

需要注意的是,平行承发包模式需要建筑团队具有综合能力和丰富的经验,能够在设计和施工阶段进行有效的协作和沟通,以确保项目的成功完成。

此外,该模式也要求业主和建筑团队之间建立良好的合作关系,并明确各方的责任和义务。

有关施工项目管理的英语作文

有关施工项目管理的英语作文

有关施工项目管理的英语作文English:Construction project management is a complex and multifaceted process that involves overseeing all aspects of a construction project from start to finish. It requires a combination of technical expertise, strong leadership skills, and effective communication to ensure that the project is completed on time, within budget, and to the required quality standards. Project management in construction involves planning, organizing, and coordinating resources such as labor, materials, and equipment, as well as managing risk, resolving conflicts, and maintaining safety and compliance with regulations. Effective project management also involves monitoring progress, tracking finances, and adapting to unforeseen changes or challenges that may arise during the course of the project.Translated content:施工项目管理是一个复杂多样的过程,涉及从开始到结束监督施工项目的各个方面。

高速服务区保安全保畅通联勤联动工作总结

高速服务区保安全保畅通联勤联动工作总结

高速服务区保安全保畅通联勤联动工作总结1.我们认真贯彻落实高速服务区保安全保畅通联勤联动工作要求,不断加强服务区安全管理。

We are earnestly implementing the requirements of the security and smoothness linkage work in the high-speedservice area, and continuously strengthening the security management of the service area.2.通过加强巡查,保安人员及时发现并处理各类安全隐患,确保服务区内安全秩序。

By strengthening patrols, security personnel can promptly identify and deal with various safety hazards to ensure the safety and order within the service area.3.我们加强与交警、消防等部门的合作,建立健全应急指挥协调机制,确保紧急情况能够迅速得到处理。

We strengthen cooperation with traffic police, fire and other departments, establish a sound emergency command coordination mechanism, to ensure that emergency situations can be quickly handled.4.在高峰期加强管理,组织指挥交通,疏导客流,保障车辆进出服务区的顺畅。

We strengthen management during peak periods, organize and direct traffic, divert passenger flow, and ensure smooth entry and exit of vehicles in the service area.5.我们不断完善保安设施,强化监控系统,提高应急处置能力,保障服务区安全。

施工现场安全问题及管理措施

施工现场安全问题及管理措施

施工现场安全问题及管理措施Construction site safety is a crucial aspect of any building project. Ensuring the safety of workers, visitors, and the general public should be a top priority for construction companies. Implementing effective safety measures and management practices can help prevent accidents, injuries, and even fatalities on construction sites.施工现场安全是任何建筑项目的关键方面。

确保工人、访客和公众的安全应该是建筑公司的首要任务。

实施有效的安全措施和管理实践可以帮助防止施工现场发生事故、受伤甚至死亡。

One of the most common safety issues on construction sites is the risk of falls. Workers often have to work at heights, such as on scaffolding or roofs, putting them at risk of falling. To address this issue, construction companies should provide proper fall protection equipment, such as harnesses and guardrails, to ensure that workers are safe while working at heights.施工现场最常见的安全问题之一是坠落风险。

工程服务性合同有哪些类型

工程服务性合同有哪些类型

工程服务性合同有哪些类型1. 设计-施工一体化合同(Design-uild Contract)设计-施工一体化合同是指由同一承包商负责项目的设计及施工工作。

这种类型的合同适用于那些希望减少项目总时长、简化管理流程的业主。

合同范本要点:- 定义范围:清晰界定设计及施工的工作范围。

- 时间安排:明确项目的起始日期、关键里程碑及竣工日期。

- 费用支付:规定付款方式、时间和条件。

- 变更控制:设定设计或施工变更的程序和成本调整机制。

- 风险管理:分配风险责任,包括不可抗力条款。

2. 施工管理合同(Construction Management at Risk)施工管理合同是一种将设计和施工分离,由施工管理方承担一定风险的合同模式。

这种模式下,施工管理方不仅负责施工过程的管理,还可能对成本和时间表超支承担责任。

合同范本要点:- 角色职责:详细描述业主、设计师和施工管理方的角色和职责。

- 成本控制:设立成本上限和激励措施以鼓励节约成本。

- 进度要求:制定详细的项目时间表和进度更新机制。

- 质量保证:确保工程质量符合行业标准和业主要求。

- 争议解决:提供解决争议的程序和方法。

3. 传统施工合同(Lum Sum Contract)传统施工合同,又称总价合同,是最常见的一种合同形式,承包商同意以固定总价完成全部工作。

这种合同适用于工程设计完整、无需大量变更的项目。

合同范本要点:- 工程描述:详尽描述工程的范围和要求。

- 价格确定:明确固定的合同总价和可能的调价因素。

- 工期和交付:规定工程的开始、结束日期以及分阶段交付的要求。

- 变更订单:设置变更工作的审批流程和定价机制。

- 保险和担保:规定必要的保险类型和保函要求。

4. 成本加酬金合同(Cost lus Fee Contract)成本加酬金合同适用于那些设计尚未完全确定或难以估算成本的项目。

承包商按实际成本加上一定比例的酬金获得支付。

合同范本要点:- 成本记录:要求承包商记录并报告所有直接成本。

防御台风英文作文

防御台风英文作文

防御台风英文作文Title: Mitigating the Impact of Typhoons: Strengthening Defense Measures。

Typhoons, powerful tropical cyclones, pose significant threats to coastal regions and islands around the world. With their devastating winds, heavy rainfall, and storm surges, they leave behind a trail of destruction and loss. However, proactive measures can be taken to mitigate their impact and protect lives and property. In this essay, wewill explore various strategies to strengthen defense against typhoons.Firstly, enhancing infrastructure resilience is crucial. Buildings, roads, and bridges in typhoon-prone areas should be constructed or reinforced to withstand strong winds and flooding. Utilizing resilient materials and engineering techniques can significantly reduce damage and ensure structural integrity during storms. Additionally, establishing designated evacuation routes and shelters cansave lives by providing safe havens for residents in vulnerable areas.Secondly, early warning systems play a vital role in typhoon defense. Advanced meteorological technology allows for the tracking and prediction of typhoon paths with increasing accuracy. Timely dissemination of warnings through various communication channels, including television, radio, and mobile devices, enables communities to prepare and evacuate if necessary. Furthermore, educating the public about the importance of heeding these warnings and taking appropriate precautions is essential to ensuring their safety.Furthermore, natural defenses such as mangroves and coastal vegetation serve as effective barriers against storm surges and erosion. Preserving and restoring these ecosystems not only enhances biodiversity but also strengthens coastal resilience to typhoons. Additionally, implementing sustainable land-use practices, such as avoiding construction in flood-prone areas and maintaining buffer zones along coastlines, can mitigate the impact oftyphoon-related disasters.Moreover, international cooperation is essential in addressing the transboundary nature of typhoon hazards. Sharing best practices, expertise, and resources among countries vulnerable to typhoons can improve preparedness and response efforts. Collaborative research and development initiatives aimed at developing innovative solutions, such as typhoon-resistant housing designs and flood management strategies, can benefit all nations at risk.In conclusion, defending against typhoons requires a comprehensive approach that encompasses infrastructure resilience, early warning systems, ecosystem conservation, sustainable land-use practices, and international cooperation. By implementing these strategies, we can reduce the human and economic toll of typhoon-related disasters and build more resilient communities capable of weathering the storm. Together, we can strengthen our defenses and adapt to the challenges posed by these powerful natural phenomena.。

  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。

Procedures relative to receiving a Notice to Proceed to Use Construction Management at RiskServicesApril 2013Table of ContentsIntroduction (1)Schedule (3)Application (4)Evaluation Process (8)Attachment: CERTIFICATION OF AUTHORITY TO USE THECONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT AT RISK DELIVERYMETHODMassachusetts Office of the Inspector GeneralAddress:Room 1311John McCormack State Office BuildingOne Ashburton PlaceBoston, MA 02108Contact Information:(617) 727 - 9140(617) 523 - 1205 (MCPPO Program)(800) 322 - 1323 (Confidential 24-hour Hotline)(617) 723 - 2334 (FAX)(617) 722 - 8809 (CM at risk application)/ig© Office of the Inspector General, Commonwealth of Massachusetts 2013. All rights reserved.IntroductionOffice of the Inspector GeneralConstruction Management at Risk Application to ProceedPrior to using the construction management at risk (CM at risk) delivery method to procure a contract for the construction, reconstruction, installation, demolition, maintenance, or repair of any building estimated to cost $5 million or more, an awarding authority must obtain a Notice to Proceed to use the CM at risk delivery method from the Office of the Inspector General (OIG).The OIG has developed this CM at risk application to be completed on a project specific basis. The application process will be important to awarding authorities in assessing the qualifications and commitments that are necessary to the process to ensure construction of a high-quality, cost-effective public building project.Under M.G.L. c. 149A, §4, the OIG will issue a Notice to Proceed when the public agency has demonstrated that:a.The public agency has authorization from its governing body to enter into acontract with a construction management at risk firm. The authorization shallinclude the results of any public vote if applicable.b.The public agency has the capacity, a plan and procedures in place andapproved of by the governing body, where appropriate, to effectively procure and manage construction management at-risk services for the specific project andhas retained the services of a qualified owner's project manager.c.The public agency has in place procedures to ensure fairness in competition,evaluation and reporting of results at every stage in the procurement process.d.The building project has an estimated construction value of $5,000,000 or more.e.The public agency has determined that the use of construction management atrisk services is appropriate for the building project and states in writing thereasons for the determination.The OIG will review an awarding authority’s complete application and within 60 days from the date a completed application is received will determine whether the awarding authority meets the requirements necessary to obtain a Notice to Proceed.Pursuant to M.G.L. c. 149A, if the OIG declines to issue a Notice to Proceed to an awarding authority, the OIG shall provide in writing to the awarding authority the reason(s) for the decision. An awarding authority not receiving a Notice to Proceed may resubmit its application upon correcting or responding to the reason(s) for denial provided to the awarding authority by the OIG. The OIG shall make a timely review of1the resubmitted application and, if the awarding authority meets the requirements, the OIG will issue a Notice to Proceed.The OIG shall decline to issue a Notice to Proceed to an awarding authority that has failed to provide complete and accurate answers to all questions in the application and all other information and documentation required by the OIG. Providing false, misleading, or incomplete information will be considered grounds for denial.Applications must be submitted to: Office of the Inspector General, Room 1311, One Ashburton Place, Boston, MA 02108.If you have any questions regarding the application process, contact Mary Kolesar, Senior Policy Analyst, Policy and Government Division, at 617-722-8809 or by e-mail at Mary.Kolesar@.ScheduleApplicationPlease submit one original with signature pages and one copy of the following information. Use additional sheets where necessary. To assist in the evaluation process, please submit and identify information and documents with the item numbers on this application form.Part A: General Information1. Awarding Authority ______________________________________________a. Awarding Authority Person in Charge of Project_____________________b. Awarding Authority Address_____________________________________c. Phone number of Awarding Authority Person in Charge of Project_______d. Fax number of Awarding Authority Person in Charge of Project_________e. E-mail address of Awarding Authority Person in Charge of Project______2. OPM name ____________________________________________________3. Designer name__________________________________________________4. Narrative description and brief history of the project:_________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________a. estimated square feet____________b. program type___________________c. building type___________________5. Project schedule elements, including, but not limited to:a. Feasibility study completion date (if any)_______________________b. Owner’s Project Manager contract execution date (if not anemployee)___________________________________________c. Designer contract execution date_________________________d. Projected procurement milestone dates, including but not limited to thefollowing items: Request for prequalification issuance, request forproposals issuance, CM at risk firm contract execution date, other . . .e. Projected completion date (use and/or occupancy) ________________6. Submit an estimated total project budget, including but not limited to lineitems for the following items:a. Owner’s Project Manager contract amount (if not an employee)b. Designer contract amountc. Estimated construction costd. Other costse. Identify the source of the estimated project budget and estimatedconstruction costs.7. Submit the attached certification form (see last page) regarding theauthorization from the awarding authority’s governing body that the awardingauthority may enter into a contract with a construction management at riskfirm, including the date of authorization. Submit copies of any public vote ifapplicable.8. Submit the name(s) and title(s) of the individuals authorized to sign the CMat risk contract on behalf of the awarding authority.9. Submit written evidence of the approval of the governing body of the projectplan and procedures, if applicable.10. Submit the written determination by the awarding authority that the use ofCM at risk services is appropriate for the building project and the reasons forthe determination.Part B. Awarding Authority Capacity Information11. Provide an organizational chart of the project organization showing the rolesand responsibilities of each individual or entity participating on the project,including contractors.12. Provide the name, affiliation, and contact information for all key members ofthe project team. List all relevant qualifications and experience, includingany public project experience and any CM at risk experience (public orprivate) on project(s) of similar size and complexity or on any other projects,for:a. the individual/s within the awarding authority that will make projectdecisions for the awarding authority and that will supervise the Owner’sProject Manager,b. the Owner’s Project Mana ger (OPM),1c. the Designer,2 and1M.G.L. c. 149A, § 3(a) states that “Before procuring the service s of a designer … and prior to submitting an application to use the construction management at risk delivery method …the awarding authority shall procure or otherwise employ the services of an owner's project manager pursuant to section 44A 1/2 of chapter 149. The owner's project manager may assist the awarding authority in the procurement of the designer.“d. any other members of the project team or special consultants to beused to support the project (e.g., counsel, accountant, financial advisor),if any.13. Submit a copy of the scope of services portion of the a) OPM contract and b)designer’s contract. If the OPM is an employee, submit the individual’s title,job description, and scope of work related to the CM at risk project.[Note: You do not need to send in copies of the scopes of services if theproject is a school building project receiving assistance from theMassachusetts School Building Authority (MSBA) and the OPM andDesigner will be signing the MSBA contracts for CM at risk services intheir entirety with no changes. However, submit a copy of the signedsignatory pages.]The OIG reviews the awarding authority’s plan and procedures3 for procuring and managing the CM at risk services to ascertain whether the awarding authority has in place procedures, in accordance with M.G.L. c. 149A, to ensure fairness in competition, evaluation and reporting of results at every stage in the procurement process. Therefore, provide information regarding each of the following components of a CM at risk project:14a. The awarding authority’s plan and procedures for acquiring appropri ate expertise to assist where the team may not have the necessaryexperience to meet anticipated challenges.14b. The awarding authority’s plan and procedures for conducting the two-phase selection process for hiring a construction manager at risk firmand the methods that will be used to ensure fairness in competition,evaluation, and reporting of results at every stage in the procurement.14c. The awarding authority’s plan and procedures for developing the cost-plus not to exceed guaranteed maximum price form of contract. Includeinformation on negotiating the contract, including establishing thegeneral condition items, CM at risk fee, cost of the work, and othercontract components. Include information on what level of designdevelopment the awarding authority plans on establishing the GMP,contingency, and other components of the final contract amendment.2M.G.L. c. 149A, §3(b) states that “Before submitting an application to use the construction management at risk delivery method … the awarding authority shall procure the services of a designer for the building project. In procuring the services of a designer, the awarding authority shall do so in a manner consistent with sections 38A ½ to 39O, inclusive, of chapter 7. The designer procured by the awarding authority shall be independent of the owner's project manager and the construction management at risk firm. “3The plan and procedures must be approved by the governing body, where appropriate. [M.G.L.c. 149A, § 4(a)(2)]14d. The awarding authority’s plan and procedures for conducting the two-phase selection process for obtaining trade contractors and the methodsthat will be used to ensure fairness in competition, evaluation, andreporting of results at every stage in the procurement.14e. The awarding authority’s plan and procedures for obtaining subcontractors [M.G.L. c. 149A, § 8(j)] and the methods that will be usedto ensure fairness in competition, evaluation, and reporting of results atevery stage in the procurement.14f. The awarding authority’s plan and procedures relative to administering and coordinating the project and maintaining project communications.14g. The awarding authority’s plan and procedures relative to monitoring and auditing all project costs.Do not submit requests for qualifications (RFQs), requests for proposals (RFPs), draft contracts, or other such documents related to the CM at risk delivery method procurement.Evaluation ProcessOffice of the Inspector General’s Evaluation ProcessThe OIG will review the information submitted by the awarding authority and assess whether the plan and procedures provide an adequate framework for procuring and managing a CM at risk delivery method project. The following criteria will be used in making a determination whether to issue a Notice to Proceed.Is the estimated construction cost $5 million or more?Did the awarding authority receive approval from the appropriate governing body?4 Did the awarding authority’s governing body approve the plan and procedures?Are the awarding authority’s goals and objectives for using the construction manager at risk method reasonable and designed to maximize competition?Has the awarding authority established an experienced and effective project organization structure, including an owner representative as a point of contact, an owner’s project manager, and a designer?Is the decision–making authority clear?Do any project team members have relevant CM at risk experience for the size and scope of the project?Does the plan and do the procedures demonstrate an appropriate assessment of the owner’s tasks and responsibilities associated with a CM at risk contract, including all aspects of coordination and administration of the CM at risk delivery method?Has the awarding authority established a plan for acquiring appropriate expertise to assist where the team may not have the necessary experience to meet anticipated challenges?Does the plan and do the procedures provide an adequate framework for conducting the two-phase selection process for a construction manager at risk firm and clearly delineate the methods that will be used to ensure fairness in competition, evaluation, and reporting of results at every stage in the procurement, and otherwise comply with all statutory requirements?Does the plan and do the procedures provide an adequate framework for negotiating the cost-plus not to exceed guaranteed maximum price form of contract?Does the plan and do the procedures provide an adequate framework for conducting the two-phase selection process for trade contractors and clearly delineate the methods that will be used to ensure fairness in competition, evaluation, and reporting of results at every stage in the procurement, and otherwise comply with all statutory requirements? 4The “appropriate governing body” varies, depending on an awarding authority’s charter and other factors.Does the plan and do the procedures provide an adequate framework for obtaining subcontractor contracts and clearly delineate the methods that will be used to ensure fairness in competition, evaluation, and reporting of results at every stage in the procurement?Does the plan and do the procedures provide an adequate framework for administering and coordinating the project and maintaining project communications?Does the plan and do the procedures provide an adequate framework for auditing and monitoring all project costs?Is the schedule realistic?Although the OIG will rely primarily on the information presented in the application to make its determination, the OIG reserves the right to obtain additional information and to verify information.CertificationThe undersigned hereby certifies under the pains and penalties of perjury that all answers and all information contained in this application is, to the best of my knowledge, true and correct._____________________________ _______________________________ Signature Date_____________________________ _______________________________ Title Awarding AuthorityIf the OIG’s review results in a deter mination that an awarding authority appears to lack sufficient capacity to effectively procure and manage a CM at risk construction project, the OIG will provide in writing to the awarding authority the reason(s) for the determination. An awarding authority may resubmit a detailed application, correcting or responding to the reason(s) identified by the OIG. The OIG shall review the resubmitted application.If the OIG’s review results in a determination that an awarding authority has demonstrated sufficient capacity to effectively procure and manage a CM at risk construction project, the OIG shall issue a Notice to Proceed. Along with the Notice to Proceed, the OIG will provide a summary report form to be completed by the awarding authority within 70 days from completion of the building project or termination of the contractor on the CM at risk building project.The OIG shall decline to issue a Notice to Proceed to an awarding authority that has failed to provide complete and accurate answers to all questions in the application and all other information and documentation required by the OIG. Providing false, misleading, or incomplete information will be considered grounds for denial.CERTIFICATION OF AUTHORITY TO USE THE CONSTRUCTIONMANAGEMENT AT RISK DELIVERY METHODI, _________________________, [legal counsel for the governing body as identified below] do hereby certify to the Office of the Inspector General of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, in accordance with M.G.L. c. 149A, §4(a)(1), regarding using construction management at risk services for the following project_______________________________________ (“Project”), as follows:(1) That ___________________________ [name of politicalsubdivision] is a public agency as defined in M.G.L. c. 149, § 44A(1),is duly organized and existing under the laws of the Commonwealthof Massachusetts, and has received the necessary authority andpower from _____________________[its city council, town meetingor other governing body] to enter into a contract with a constructionmanagement at risk firm and to perform all its obligations inconnection with the Project.(2) That the public vote of the governing body, attached hereto (ifapplicable) was duly adopted and is currently in effect._____________________________Signature_____________________________ [SEAL]Title_____________________________Date。

相关文档
最新文档