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托福阅读真题第191篇HabitatSelection（答案文章最后）

托福阅读真题第191篇HabitatSelection（答案文章最后）Habitat SelectionParagraph 1：Researchers who study habitat selection have proposed various models for the process. Marine biologist Peter F. Sale hypothesized the existence of a simple mechanism of habitat selection in fish that is based on levels of exploratory behavior. Sense organs monitor specific stimuli in the environment and send a summation of pertinent stimuli back to central-nervous-system centers, which regulate the amount of exploration. As the constellation of cues approaches some optimum level, exploratory behavior ceases and the animal stays where it is.1. According to paragraph 1, all of the following are processes that occur during exploratory behavior EXCEPT: O A favorable combination of cues are gathered.O Sense organs detect and record stimuli in the surrounding area.O Sense organs receive further directions from the central nervous system.O The central nervous system receives a summary of stimuli from the sense organs.Paragraph 2：An alternative hypothesis is that an animal has a cognitive map of the ideal habitat and that its behavior is goal directed. However, working with a species of surgeonfish, Sale tested juveniles in laboratory tanks with various water depths and bottom covers under which fish could hide. Exploration time was least in the tank with shallow water and bottom cover and highest in the tank with shallow water and no bottom cover. In choice tests and field observations, most fish preferred shallowareas with bottom cover. Thus, Sale concluded, there is no need to suggest the inheritance of complex cognitive maps and goal-directed behaviors; rather, the animal simply moves around more in an unsuitable habitat and less in a suitable one.2. In paragraph 2, why does the author discuss Sale’s research with a species of surgeonfish?O To demonstrate how animals distinguish suitable habitats from unsuitable onesO To give an example of an animal that shows little or no exploratory behavior during habitat selectionO To challenge the hypothesis that animals have complex cognitive maps of their ideal habitat that guide their habitat selectionO To provide evidence that fish prefer areas that are shallow and have covering under which to hideParagraph 3：Sale’s model still does not explain how the animal “knows” what is suitable and what is not, or how stimuli from multiple cues are integrated. Nor does it explain the role of photoperiod (the duration of the animal’s daily exposure to sunlight) in the response of dark-eyed juncos to photographs of their natural habitat. These wild-caught birds were presented a choice of viewing one of two 35-millimeter color slides showing different habitats. Birds kept in the lab under a winter photoperiod of nine hours of light and fifteen hours of darkness preferred (spent more time in front of) slides of their southern winter habitat. After day length was increased to fifteen hours of light and nine hours of darkness, the birds’ viewing preferences shifted to the northern summer habitat.3. According to paragraph 3, Sale’s model of habitat selection is unable to explain which of the following?O Why dark-eyed juncos’ interest in a particular habitat changes with the duration of daylight they are exposed to O Why the environment suitable for dark-eyed juncos in the winter differs from the environment suitable for them in the summerO Why only some species of animals respond to photographs of their natural habitatsO Why birds studied in the lab behave differently than birds in the wild do4. Paragraph 3 supports which of the following statements about dark-eyed juncos?O The habitat preference of dark-eyed juncos changes with the amount of daylight present.O Wild-caught dark-eyed juncos do not recognize photographs of their own habitat.O Dark-eyed juncos choose their habitat based on seasonal temperatures.O Artificial light affects dark-eyed juncos’ choice of habitat differently than does natural sunlight.Paragraph 4： Social cues may also affect choice of habitat. Large juncos (usually males) dominate smaller individuals (usually females and juveniles) in wintering flocks. Biologist Ellen Ketterson explained the finding that females usually migrate farther south than males by hypothesizing that subordinate birds are forced to migrate farther to avoid competing with dominants. In their lab study, researchers E. Roberts and Peter Weigl found that during the short days (stimulating winter), small subordinate juncos showed the strongest preference for winter scenes.5. According to paragraph 4, what reason has been suggested for why female juncos often migrate farther souththan do male juncos?O To avoid the colder temperatures farther northO To provide safer habitats for their juvenilesO To avoid having to compete with malesO To find habitats having the longest daysParagraph 5：Risk of predation and competition are other factors that may affect habitat use. Hairy-footed gerbils live in vegetated islands in a sea of sand in the Namib Desert of southern Africa. Habitat use was determined by tracks in the sand and by how quickly they gave up feeding at stations containing seeds mixed with sand. Gerbils preferred sites around bushes or grass clumps to open areas and were more active on new-Moon nights than on full-Moon nights. They also gave up feeding at seed trays sooner in open areas and on full-Moon nights. These differences were likely caused by greater risk of predation in open areas and when the Moon was full. When striped mice, a close competitor of the gerbil, were removed, gerbils increased foraging activity, especially in the grass clumps.6. According to paragraph 5, why do hairy-footed gerbils prefer to feed in bushes and grass clumps?O There is more food available there.O There is less competition there from striped mice.O There is more shade there from the heat of the desert.O There is less danger there of being harmed by a predator.Paragraph 6：The immediate cues to which animals respond when selecting a habitat may not be the same as the ultimate factors that have brought about the evolution of the response. For example, the blue tit, a European bird, lives in oak woodlands where most of its preferred food is found. But the blue tit establishes its territory each year before leaves and caterpillars(its staple food) have even appeared, so it must be using some other cue, such as the shape of the trees, to select its habitat. In fact, we know little about the signals that animals respond to when choosing their habitat. And in migratory species, it is not even clear when in the life cycle a choice of habitat is made. One study found that breeding sites may be selected in late summer or fall before migration, rather than in the spring, as is usually assumed.7. According to paragraph 6, which of the following is true about habitat selection by the blue tit?O It selects a habitat having the tallest trees.O It selects a habitat where there are no caterpillars to eat the leaves.O It selects its territory each year in spring.O It selects its habitat before its preferred food appears in the area.8. Paragraph 6 supports which of the following statements about scientists’ knowledge of habitat selection?O Scientists have successfully identified most of the immediate factors that animals respond to in choosing their habitats.O Scientists have determined the seasons in which most animal species choose their habitats.O Scientists know that evolution has led animals to ignore cues in their environment when choosing habitats.O Scientists still have much to learn about the cues to which animals respond in choosing their habitats.Paragraph 3：Sale’s model still does not explain how the animal “knows” what is suitable and what is not, or how stimuli from multiple cues are integrated. Nor does it explain the role ofphotoperiod (the duration of the animal’s daily exposure to sunlight) in the response of dark-eyed juncos to photographs of their natural habitat. These wild-caught birds were presented a choice of viewing one of two 35-millimeter color slides showing different habitats. Birds kept in the lab under a winter photoperiod of nine hours of light and fifteen hours of darkness preferred (spent more time in front of) slides of their southern winter habitat. ■After day length was increased to fifteen hours of light and nine hours of darkness, the birds’ viewing preferences shifted to the northern summer habitat.Paragraph 4：■Social cues may also affect choice of habitat. ■Large juncos (usually males) dominat e smaller individuals (usually females and juveniles) in wintering flocks. ■Biologist Ellen Ketterson explained the finding that females usually migrate farther south than males by hypothesizing that subordinate birds are forced to migrate farther to avoid competing with dominants. In their lab study, researchers E. Roberts and Peter Weigl found that during the short days (stimulating winter), small subordinate juncos showed the strongest preference for winter scenes.9. Look at the four squares [■] that i ndicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.However, photoperiod is not the only factor in the habitat selection of this bird species.Where would the sentence best fit? Click on a square [■] to add the sentence to the passage.10. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some answer choices do notbelong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points. Drag your choices to the spaces where they belong. To review the passage, click on View Text.Researchers who study habitat selection among animals have proposed various models for the process.Answer ChoicesO Peter F. Sale argued against the hypothesis that animals have cognitive maps of their ideal habitat by demonstrating that animals explore less in suitable habitats than in unsuitable ones.O Animals kept in the lab easily recognized images of their natural habitats during different seasons of the year.O Researchers have demonstrated that migratory species of birds select their breeding habitats at a point in their life cycle when they are ready to reproduce.O Peter F. Sale’s model of habitat selection explained how animals distinguish suitable habitats from unsuitable ones as they integrate stimuli from multiple cues in the environment.O Laboratory experiments and field observations showed that day length, dominance relation within species, risk of predation, and competition for food play a role in habitat selection.O The fundamental elements that determine habitat selection may differ from the immediate cues to which the animals respond.。

Native Instruments MASCHINE MK3 用户手册说明书

The information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Native Instruments GmbH. The software described by this docu-ment is subject to a License Agreement and may not be copied to other media. No part of this publication may be copied, reproduced or otherwise transmitted or recorded, for any purpose, without prior written permission by Native Instruments GmbH, hereinafter referred to as Native Instruments.“Native Instruments”, “NI” and associated logos are (registered) trademarks of Native Instru-ments GmbH.ASIO, VST, HALion and Cubase are registered trademarks of Steinberg Media Technologies GmbH.All other product and company names are trademarks™ or registered® trademarks of their re-spective holders. Use of them does not imply any affiliation with or endorsement by them.Document authored by: David Gover and Nico Sidi.Software version: 2.8 (02/2019)Hardware version: MASCHINE MK3Special thanks to the Beta Test Team, who were invaluable not just in tracking down bugs, but in making this a better product.NATIVE INSTRUMENTS GmbH Schlesische Str. 29-30D-10997 Berlin Germanywww.native-instruments.de NATIVE INSTRUMENTS North America, Inc. 6725 Sunset Boulevard5th FloorLos Angeles, CA 90028USANATIVE INSTRUMENTS K.K.YO Building 3FJingumae 6-7-15, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 150-0001Japanwww.native-instruments.co.jp NATIVE INSTRUMENTS UK Limited 18 Phipp StreetLondon EC2A 4NUUKNATIVE INSTRUMENTS FRANCE SARL 113 Rue Saint-Maur75011 ParisFrance SHENZHEN NATIVE INSTRUMENTS COMPANY Limited 5F, Shenzhen Zimao Center111 Taizi Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, GuangdongChina© NATIVE INSTRUMENTS GmbH, 2019. All rights reserved.Table of Contents1Welcome to MASCHINE (25)1.1MASCHINE Documentation (26)1.2Document Conventions (27)1.3New Features in MASCHINE 2.8 (29)1.4New Features in MASCHINE 2.7.10 (31)1.5New Features in MASCHINE 2.7.8 (31)1.6New Features in MASCHINE 2.7.7 (32)1.7New Features in MASCHINE 2.7.4 (33)1.8New Features in MASCHINE 2.7.3 (36)2Quick Reference (38)2.1Using Your Controller (38)2.1.1Controller Modes and Mode Pinning (38)2.1.2Controlling the Software Views from Your Controller (40)2.2MASCHINE Project Overview (43)2.2.1Sound Content (44)2.2.2Arrangement (45)2.3MASCHINE Hardware Overview (48)2.3.1MASCHINE Hardware Overview (48)2.3.1.1Control Section (50)2.3.1.2Edit Section (53)2.3.1.3Performance Section (54)2.3.1.4Group Section (56)2.3.1.5Transport Section (56)2.3.1.6Pad Section (58)2.3.1.7Rear Panel (63)2.4MASCHINE Software Overview (65)2.4.1Header (66)2.4.2Browser (68)2.4.3Arranger (70)2.4.4Control Area (73)2.4.5Pattern Editor (74)3Basic Concepts (76)3.1Important Names and Concepts (76)3.2Adjusting the MASCHINE User Interface (79)3.2.1Adjusting the Size of the Interface (79)3.2.2Switching between Ideas View and Song View (80)3.2.3Showing/Hiding the Browser (81)3.2.4Showing/Hiding the Control Lane (81)3.3Common Operations (82)3.3.1Using the 4-Directional Push Encoder (82)3.3.2Pinning a Mode on the Controller (83)3.3.3Adjusting Volume, Swing, and Tempo (84)3.3.4Undo/Redo (87)3.3.5List Overlay for Selectors (89)3.3.6Zoom and Scroll Overlays (90)3.3.7Focusing on a Group or a Sound (91)3.3.8Switching Between the Master, Group, and Sound Level (96)3.3.9Navigating Channel Properties, Plug-ins, and Parameter Pages in the Control Area.973.3.9.1Extended Navigate Mode on Your Controller (102)3.3.10Navigating the Software Using the Controller (105)3.3.11Using Two or More Hardware Controllers (106)3.3.12Touch Auto-Write Option (108)3.4Native Kontrol Standard (110)3.5Stand-Alone and Plug-in Mode (111)3.5.1Differences between Stand-Alone and Plug-in Mode (112)3.5.2Switching Instances (113)3.5.3Controlling Various Instances with Different Controllers (114)3.6Host Integration (114)3.6.1Setting up Host Integration (115)3.6.1.1Setting up Ableton Live (macOS) (115)3.6.1.2Setting up Ableton Live (Windows) (116)3.6.1.3Setting up Apple Logic Pro X (116)3.6.2Integration with Ableton Live (117)3.6.3Integration with Apple Logic Pro X (119)3.7Preferences (120)3.7.1Preferences – General Page (121)3.7.2Preferences – Audio Page (126)3.7.3Preferences – MIDI Page (130)3.7.4Preferences – Default Page (133)3.7.5Preferences – Library Page (137)3.7.6Preferences – Plug-ins Page (145)3.7.7Preferences – Hardware Page (150)3.7.8Preferences – Colors Page (154)3.8Integrating MASCHINE into a MIDI Setup (156)3.8.1Connecting External MIDI Equipment (156)3.8.2Sync to External MIDI Clock (157)3.8.3Send MIDI Clock (158)3.9Syncing MASCHINE using Ableton Link (159)3.9.1Connecting to a Network (159)3.9.2Joining and Leaving a Link Session (159)3.10Using a Pedal with the MASCHINE Controller (160)3.11File Management on the MASCHINE Controller (161)4Browser (163)4.1Browser Basics (163)4.1.1The MASCHINE Library (163)4.1.2Browsing the Library vs. Browsing Your Hard Disks (164)4.2Searching and Loading Files from the Library (165)4.2.1Overview of the Library Pane (165)4.2.2Selecting or Loading a Product and Selecting a Bank from the Browser (170)4.2.2.1[MK3] Browsing by Product Category Using the Controller (174)4.2.2.2[MK3] Browsing by Product Vendor Using the Controller (174)4.2.3Selecting a Product Category, a Product, a Bank, and a Sub-Bank (175)4.2.3.1Selecting a Product Category, a Product, a Bank, and a Sub-Bank on theController (179)4.2.4Selecting a File Type (180)4.2.5Choosing Between Factory and User Content (181)4.2.6Selecting Type and Character Tags (182)4.2.7List and Tag Overlays in the Browser (186)4.2.8Performing a Text Search (188)4.2.9Loading a File from the Result List (188)4.3Additional Browsing Tools (193)4.3.1Loading the Selected Files Automatically (193)4.3.2Auditioning Instrument Presets (195)4.3.3Auditioning Samples (196)4.3.4Loading Groups with Patterns (197)4.3.5Loading Groups with Routing (198)4.3.6Displaying File Information (198)4.4Using Favorites in the Browser (199)4.5Editing the Files’ Tags and Properties (203)4.5.1Attribute Editor Basics (203)4.5.2The Bank Page (205)4.5.3The Types and Characters Pages (205)4.5.4The Properties Page (208)4.6Loading and Importing Files from Your File System (209)4.6.1Overview of the FILES Pane (209)4.6.2Using Favorites (211)4.6.3Using the Location Bar (212)4.6.4Navigating to Recent Locations (213)4.6.5Using the Result List (214)4.6.6Importing Files to the MASCHINE Library (217)4.7Locating Missing Samples (219)4.8Using Quick Browse (221)5Managing Sounds, Groups, and Your Project (225)5.1Overview of the Sounds, Groups, and Master (225)5.1.1The Sound, Group, and Master Channels (226)5.1.2Similarities and Differences in Handling Sounds and Groups (227)5.1.3Selecting Multiple Sounds or Groups (228)5.2Managing Sounds (233)5.2.1Loading Sounds (235)5.2.2Pre-listening to Sounds (236)5.2.3Renaming Sound Slots (237)5.2.4Changing the Sound’s Color (237)5.2.5Saving Sounds (239)5.2.6Copying and Pasting Sounds (241)5.2.7Moving Sounds (244)5.2.8Resetting Sound Slots (245)5.3Managing Groups (247)5.3.1Creating Groups (248)5.3.2Loading Groups (249)5.3.3Renaming Groups (251)5.3.4Changing the Group’s Color (251)5.3.5Saving Groups (253)5.3.6Copying and Pasting Groups (255)5.3.7Reordering Groups (258)5.3.8Deleting Groups (259)5.4Exporting MASCHINE Objects and Audio (260)5.4.1Saving a Group with its Samples (261)5.4.2Saving a Project with its Samples (262)5.4.3Exporting Audio (264)5.5Importing Third-Party File Formats (270)5.5.1Loading REX Files into Sound Slots (270)5.5.2Importing MPC Programs to Groups (271)6Playing on the Controller (275)6.1Adjusting the Pads (275)6.1.1The Pad View in the Software (275)6.1.2Choosing a Pad Input Mode (277)6.1.3Adjusting the Base Key (280)6.1.4Using Choke Groups (282)6.1.5Using Link Groups (284)6.2Adjusting the Key, Choke, and Link Parameters for Multiple Sounds (286)6.3Playing Tools (287)6.3.1Mute and Solo (288)6.3.2Choke All Notes (292)6.3.3Groove (293)6.3.4Level, Tempo, Tune, and Groove Shortcuts on Your Controller (295)6.3.5Tap Tempo (299)6.4Performance Features (300)6.4.1Overview of the Perform Features (300)6.4.2Selecting a Scale and Creating Chords (303)6.4.3Scale and Chord Parameters (303)6.4.4Creating Arpeggios and Repeated Notes (316)6.4.5Swing on Note Repeat / Arp Output (321)6.5Using Lock Snapshots (322)6.5.1Creating a Lock Snapshot (322)6.5.2Using Extended Lock (323)6.5.3Updating a Lock Snapshot (323)6.5.4Recalling a Lock Snapshot (324)6.5.5Morphing Between Lock Snapshots (324)6.5.6Deleting a Lock Snapshot (325)6.5.7Triggering Lock Snapshots via MIDI (326)6.6Using the Smart Strip (327)6.6.1Pitch Mode (328)6.6.2Modulation Mode (328)6.6.3Perform Mode (328)6.6.4Notes Mode (329)7Working with Plug-ins (330)7.1Plug-in Overview (330)7.1.1Plug-in Basics (330)7.1.2First Plug-in Slot of Sounds: Choosing the Sound’s Role (334)7.1.3Loading, Removing, and Replacing a Plug-in (335)7.1.3.1Browser Plug-in Slot Selection (341)7.1.4Adjusting the Plug-in Parameters (344)7.1.5Bypassing Plug-in Slots (344)7.1.6Using Side-Chain (346)7.1.7Moving Plug-ins (346)7.1.8Alternative: the Plug-in Strip (348)7.1.9Saving and Recalling Plug-in Presets (348)7.1.9.1Saving Plug-in Presets (349)7.1.9.2Recalling Plug-in Presets (350)7.1.9.3Removing a Default Plug-in Preset (351)7.2The Sampler Plug-in (352)7.2.1Page 1: Voice Settings / Engine (354)7.2.2Page 2: Pitch / Envelope (356)7.2.3Page 3: FX / Filter (359)7.2.4Page 4: Modulation (361)7.2.5Page 5: LFO (363)7.2.6Page 6: Velocity / Modwheel (365)7.3Using Native Instruments and External Plug-ins (367)7.3.1Opening/Closing Plug-in Windows (367)7.3.2Using the VST/AU Plug-in Parameters (370)7.3.3Setting Up Your Own Parameter Pages (371)7.3.4Using VST/AU Plug-in Presets (376)7.3.5Multiple-Output Plug-ins and Multitimbral Plug-ins (378)8Using the Audio Plug-in (380)8.1Loading a Loop into the Audio Plug-in (384)8.2Editing Audio in the Audio Plug-in (385)8.3Using Loop Mode (386)8.4Using Gate Mode (388)9Using the Drumsynths (390)9.1Drumsynths – General Handling (391)9.1.1Engines: Many Different Drums per Drumsynth (391)9.1.2Common Parameter Organization (391)9.1.3Shared Parameters (394)9.1.4Various Velocity Responses (394)9.1.5Pitch Range, Tuning, and MIDI Notes (394)9.2The Kicks (395)9.2.1Kick – Sub (397)9.2.2Kick – Tronic (399)9.2.3Kick – Dusty (402)9.2.4Kick – Grit (403)9.2.5Kick – Rasper (406)9.2.6Kick – Snappy (407)9.2.7Kick – Bold (409)9.2.8Kick – Maple (411)9.2.9Kick – Push (412)9.3The Snares (414)9.3.1Snare – Volt (416)9.3.2Snare – Bit (418)9.3.3Snare – Pow (420)9.3.4Snare – Sharp (421)9.3.5Snare – Airy (423)9.3.6Snare – Vintage (425)9.3.7Snare – Chrome (427)9.3.8Snare – Iron (429)9.3.9Snare – Clap (431)9.3.10Snare – Breaker (433)9.4The Hi-hats (435)9.4.1Hi-hat – Silver (436)9.4.2Hi-hat – Circuit (438)9.4.3Hi-hat – Memory (440)9.4.4Hi-hat – Hybrid (442)9.4.5Creating a Pattern with Closed and Open Hi-hats (444)9.5The Toms (445)9.5.1Tom – Tronic (447)9.5.2Tom – Fractal (449)9.5.3Tom – Floor (453)9.5.4Tom – High (455)9.6The Percussions (456)9.6.1Percussion – Fractal (458)9.6.2Percussion – Kettle (461)9.6.3Percussion – Shaker (463)9.7The Cymbals (467)9.7.1Cymbal – Crash (469)9.7.2Cymbal – Ride (471)10Using the Bass Synth (474)10.1Bass Synth – General Handling (475)10.1.1Parameter Organization (475)10.1.2Bass Synth Parameters (477)11Working with Patterns (479)11.1Pattern Basics (479)11.1.1Pattern Editor Overview (480)11.1.2Navigating the Event Area (486)11.1.3Following the Playback Position in the Pattern (488)11.1.4Jumping to Another Playback Position in the Pattern (489)11.1.5Group View and Keyboard View (491)11.1.6Adjusting the Arrange Grid and the Pattern Length (493)11.1.7Adjusting the Step Grid and the Nudge Grid (497)11.2Recording Patterns in Real Time (501)11.2.1Recording Your Patterns Live (501)11.2.2The Record Prepare Mode (504)11.2.3Using the Metronome (505)11.2.4Recording with Count-in (506)11.2.5Quantizing while Recording (508)11.3Recording Patterns with the Step Sequencer (508)11.3.1Step Mode Basics (508)11.3.2Editing Events in Step Mode (511)11.3.3Recording Modulation in Step Mode (513)11.4Editing Events (514)11.4.1Editing Events with the Mouse: an Overview (514)11.4.2Creating Events/Notes (517)11.4.3Selecting Events/Notes (518)11.4.4Editing Selected Events/Notes (526)11.4.5Deleting Events/Notes (532)11.4.6Cut, Copy, and Paste Events/Notes (535)11.4.7Quantizing Events/Notes (538)11.4.8Quantization While Playing (540)11.4.9Doubling a Pattern (541)11.4.10Adding Variation to Patterns (541)11.5Recording and Editing Modulation (546)11.5.1Which Parameters Are Modulatable? (547)11.5.2Recording Modulation (548)11.5.3Creating and Editing Modulation in the Control Lane (550)11.6Creating MIDI Tracks from Scratch in MASCHINE (555)11.7Managing Patterns (557)11.7.1The Pattern Manager and Pattern Mode (558)11.7.2Selecting Patterns and Pattern Banks (560)11.7.3Creating Patterns (563)11.7.4Deleting Patterns (565)11.7.5Creating and Deleting Pattern Banks (566)11.7.6Naming Patterns (568)11.7.7Changing the Pattern’s Color (570)11.7.8Duplicating, Copying, and Pasting Patterns (571)11.7.9Moving Patterns (574)11.7.10Adjusting Pattern Length in Fine Increments (575)11.8Importing/Exporting Audio and MIDI to/from Patterns (576)11.8.1Exporting Audio from Patterns (576)11.8.2Exporting MIDI from Patterns (577)11.8.3Importing MIDI to Patterns (580)12Audio Routing, Remote Control, and Macro Controls (589)12.1Audio Routing in MASCHINE (590)12.1.1Sending External Audio to Sounds (591)12.1.2Configuring the Main Output of Sounds and Groups (596)12.1.3Setting Up Auxiliary Outputs for Sounds and Groups (601)12.1.4Configuring the Master and Cue Outputs of MASCHINE (605)12.1.5Mono Audio Inputs (610)12.1.5.1Configuring External Inputs for Sounds in Mix View (611)12.2Using MIDI Control and Host Automation (614)12.2.1Triggering Sounds via MIDI Notes (615)12.2.2Triggering Scenes via MIDI (622)12.2.3Controlling Parameters via MIDI and Host Automation (623)12.2.4Selecting VST/AU Plug-in Presets via MIDI Program Change (631)12.2.5Sending MIDI from Sounds (632)12.3Creating Custom Sets of Parameters with the Macro Controls (636)12.3.1Macro Control Overview (637)12.3.2Assigning Macro Controls Using the Software (638)12.3.3Assigning Macro Controls Using the Controller (644)13Controlling Your Mix (646)13.1Mix View Basics (646)13.1.1Switching between Arrange View and Mix View (646)13.1.2Mix View Elements (647)13.2The Mixer (649)13.2.1Displaying Groups vs. Displaying Sounds (650)13.2.2Adjusting the Mixer Layout (652)13.2.3Selecting Channel Strips (653)13.2.4Managing Your Channels in the Mixer (654)13.2.5Adjusting Settings in the Channel Strips (656)13.2.6Using the Cue Bus (660)13.3The Plug-in Chain (662)13.4The Plug-in Strip (663)13.4.1The Plug-in Header (665)13.4.2Panels for Drumsynths and Internal Effects (667)13.4.3Panel for the Sampler (668)13.4.4Custom Panels for Native Instruments Plug-ins (671)13.4.5Undocking a Plug-in Panel (Native Instruments and External Plug-ins Only) (675)13.5Controlling Your Mix from the Controller (677)13.5.1Navigating Your Channels in Mix Mode (678)13.5.2Adjusting the Level and Pan in Mix Mode (679)13.5.3Mute and Solo in Mix Mode (680)13.5.4Plug-in Icons in Mix Mode (680)14Using Effects (681)14.1Applying Effects to a Sound, a Group or the Master (681)14.1.1Adding an Effect (681)14.1.2Other Operations on Effects (690)14.1.3Using the Side-Chain Input (692)14.2Applying Effects to External Audio (695)14.2.1Step 1: Configure MASCHINE Audio Inputs (695)14.2.2Step 2: Set up a Sound to Receive the External Input (698)14.2.3Step 3: Load an Effect to Process an Input (700)14.3Creating a Send Effect (701)14.3.1Step 1: Set Up a Sound or Group as Send Effect (702)14.3.2Step 2: Route Audio to the Send Effect (706)14.3.3 A Few Notes on Send Effects (708)14.4Creating Multi-Effects (709)15Effect Reference (712)15.1Dynamics (713)15.1.1Compressor (713)15.1.2Gate (717)15.1.3Transient Master (721)15.1.4Limiter (723)15.1.5Maximizer (727)15.2Filtering Effects (730)15.2.1EQ (730)15.2.2Filter (733)15.2.3Cabinet (737)15.3Modulation Effects (738)15.3.1Chorus (738)15.3.2Flanger (740)15.3.3FM (742)15.3.4Freq Shifter (743)15.3.5Phaser (745)15.4Spatial and Reverb Effects (747)15.4.1Ice (747)15.4.2Metaverb (749)15.4.3Reflex (750)15.4.4Reverb (Legacy) (752)15.4.5Reverb (754)15.4.5.1Reverb Room (754)15.4.5.2Reverb Hall (757)15.4.5.3Plate Reverb (760)15.5Delays (762)15.5.1Beat Delay (762)15.5.2Grain Delay (765)15.5.3Grain Stretch (767)15.5.4Resochord (769)15.6Distortion Effects (771)15.6.1Distortion (771)15.6.2Lofi (774)15.6.3Saturator (775)15.7Perform FX (779)15.7.1Filter (780)15.7.2Flanger (782)15.7.3Burst Echo (785)15.7.4Reso Echo (787)15.7.5Ring (790)15.7.6Stutter (792)15.7.7Tremolo (795)15.7.8Scratcher (798)16Working with the Arranger (801)16.1Arranger Basics (801)16.1.1Navigating Song View (804)16.1.2Following the Playback Position in Your Project (806)16.1.3Performing with Scenes and Sections using the Pads (807)16.2Using Ideas View (811)16.2.1Scene Overview (811)16.2.2Creating Scenes (813)16.2.3Assigning and Removing Patterns (813)16.2.4Selecting Scenes (817)16.2.5Deleting Scenes (818)16.2.6Creating and Deleting Scene Banks (820)16.2.7Clearing Scenes (820)16.2.8Duplicating Scenes (821)16.2.9Reordering Scenes (822)16.2.10Making Scenes Unique (824)16.2.11Appending Scenes to Arrangement (825)16.2.12Naming Scenes (826)16.2.13Changing the Color of a Scene (827)16.3Using Song View (828)16.3.1Section Management Overview (828)16.3.2Creating Sections (833)16.3.3Assigning a Scene to a Section (834)16.3.4Selecting Sections and Section Banks (835)16.3.5Reorganizing Sections (839)16.3.6Adjusting the Length of a Section (840)16.3.6.1Adjusting the Length of a Section Using the Software (841)16.3.6.2Adjusting the Length of a Section Using the Controller (843)16.3.7Clearing a Pattern in Song View (843)16.3.8Duplicating Sections (844)16.3.8.1Making Sections Unique (845)16.3.9Removing Sections (846)16.3.10Renaming Scenes (848)16.3.11Clearing Sections (849)16.3.12Creating and Deleting Section Banks (850)16.3.13Working with Patterns in Song view (850)16.3.13.1Creating a Pattern in Song View (850)16.3.13.2Selecting a Pattern in Song View (850)16.3.13.3Clearing a Pattern in Song View (851)16.3.13.4Renaming a Pattern in Song View (851)16.3.13.5Coloring a Pattern in Song View (851)16.3.13.6Removing a Pattern in Song View (852)16.3.13.7Duplicating a Pattern in Song View (852)16.3.14Enabling Auto Length (852)16.3.15Looping (853)16.3.15.1Setting the Loop Range in the Software (854)16.4Playing with Sections (855)16.4.1Jumping to another Playback Position in Your Project (855)16.5Triggering Sections or Scenes via MIDI (856)16.6The Arrange Grid (858)16.7Quick Grid (860)17Sampling and Sample Mapping (862)17.1Opening the Sample Editor (862)17.2Recording Audio (863)17.2.1Opening the Record Page (863)17.2.2Selecting the Source and the Recording Mode (865)17.2.3Arming, Starting, and Stopping the Recording (868)17.2.5Using the Footswitch for Recording Audio (871)17.2.6Checking Your Recordings (872)17.2.7Location and Name of Your Recorded Samples (876)17.3Editing a Sample (876)17.3.1Using the Edit Page (877)17.3.2Audio Editing Functions (882)17.4Slicing a Sample (890)17.4.1Opening the Slice Page (891)17.4.2Adjusting the Slicing Settings (893)17.4.3Live Slicing (898)17.4.3.1Live Slicing Using the Controller (898)17.4.3.2Delete All Slices (899)17.4.4Manually Adjusting Your Slices (899)17.4.5Applying the Slicing (906)17.5Mapping Samples to Zones (912)17.5.1Opening the Zone Page (912)17.5.2Zone Page Overview (913)17.5.3Selecting and Managing Zones in the Zone List (915)17.5.4Selecting and Editing Zones in the Map View (920)17.5.5Editing Zones in the Sample View (924)17.5.6Adjusting the Zone Settings (927)17.5.7Adding Samples to the Sample Map (934)18Appendix: Tips for Playing Live (937)18.1Preparations (937)18.1.1Focus on the Hardware (937)18.1.2Customize the Pads of the Hardware (937)18.1.3Check Your CPU Power Before Playing (937)18.1.4Name and Color Your Groups, Patterns, Sounds and Scenes (938)18.1.5Consider Using a Limiter on Your Master (938)18.1.6Hook Up Your Other Gear and Sync It with MIDI Clock (938)18.1.7Improvise (938)18.2Basic Techniques (938)18.2.1Use Mute and Solo (938)18.2.2Use Scene Mode and Tweak the Loop Range (939)18.2.3Create Variations of Your Drum Patterns in the Step Sequencer (939)18.2.4Use Note Repeat (939)18.2.5Set Up Your Own Multi-effect Groups and Automate Them (939)18.3Special Tricks (940)18.3.1Changing Pattern Length for Variation (940)18.3.2Using Loops to Cycle Through Samples (940)18.3.3Using Loops to Cycle Through Samples (940)18.3.4Load Long Audio Files and Play with the Start Point (940)19Troubleshooting (941)19.1Knowledge Base (941)19.2Technical Support (941)19.3Registration Support (942)19.4User Forum (942)20Glossary (943)Index (951)1Welcome to MASCHINEThank you for buying MASCHINE!MASCHINE is a groove production studio that implements the familiar working style of classi-cal groove boxes along with the advantages of a computer based system. MASCHINE is ideal for making music live, as well as in the studio. It’s the hands-on aspect of a dedicated instru-ment, the MASCHINE hardware controller, united with the advanced editing features of the MASCHINE software.Creating beats is often not very intuitive with a computer, but using the MASCHINE hardware controller to do it makes it easy and fun. You can tap in freely with the pads or use Note Re-peat to jam along. Alternatively, build your beats using the step sequencer just as in classic drum machines.Patterns can be intuitively combined and rearranged on the fly to form larger ideas. You can try out several different versions of a song without ever having to stop the music.Since you can integrate it into any sequencer that supports VST, AU, or AAX plug-ins, you can reap the benefits in almost any software setup, or use it as a stand-alone application. You can sample your own material, slice loops and rearrange them easily.However, MASCHINE is a lot more than an ordinary groovebox or sampler: it comes with an inspiring 7-gigabyte library, and a sophisticated, yet easy to use tag-based Browser to give you instant access to the sounds you are looking for.What’s more, MASCHINE provides lots of options for manipulating your sounds via internal ef-fects and other sound-shaping possibilities. You can also control external MIDI hardware and 3rd-party software with the MASCHINE hardware controller, while customizing the functions of the pads, knobs and buttons according to your needs utilizing the included Controller Editor application. We hope you enjoy this fantastic instrument as much as we do. Now let’s get go-ing!—The MASCHINE team at Native Instruments.MASCHINE Documentation1.1MASCHINE DocumentationNative Instruments provide many information sources regarding MASCHINE. The main docu-ments should be read in the following sequence:1.MASCHINE Getting Started: This document provides a practical approach to MASCHINE viaa set of tutorials covering easy and more advanced tasks in order to help you familiarizeyourself with MASCHINE.2.MASCHINE Manual (this document): The MASCHINE Manual provides you with a compre-hensive description of all MASCHINE software and hardware features.Additional documentation sources provide you with details on more specific topics:▪Controller Editor Manual: Besides using your MASCHINE hardware controller together withits dedicated MASCHINE software, you can also use it as a powerful and highly versatileMIDI controller to pilot any other MIDI-capable application or device. This is made possibleby the Controller Editor software, an application that allows you to precisely define all MIDIassignments for your MASCHINE controller. The Controller Editor was installed during theMASCHINE installation procedure. For more information on this, please refer to the Con-troller Editor Manual available as a PDF file via the Help menu of Controller Editor.▪Online Support Videos: You can find a number of support videos on The Official Native In-struments Support Channel under the following URL: https:///NIsupport-EN. We recommend that you follow along with these instructions while the respective ap-plication is running on your computer.Other Online Resources:If you are experiencing problems related to your Native Instruments product that the supplied documentation does not cover, there are several ways of getting help:▪Knowledge Base▪User Forum▪Technical Support▪Registration SupportYou will find more information on these subjects in the chapter Troubleshooting.1.2Document ConventionsThis section introduces you to the signage and text highlighting used in this manual. This man-ual uses particular formatting to point out special facts and to warn you of potential issues. The icons introducing these notes let you see what kind of information is to be expected:This document uses particular formatting to point out special facts and to warn you of poten-tial issues. The icons introducing the following notes let you see what kind of information can be expected:Furthermore, the following formatting is used:▪Text appearing in (drop-down) menus (such as Open…, Save as… etc.) in the software and paths to locations on your hard disk or other storage devices is printed in italics.▪Text appearing elsewhere (labels of buttons, controls, text next to checkboxes etc.) in the software is printed in blue. Whenever you see this formatting applied, you will find the same text appearing somewhere on the screen.▪Text appearing on the displays of the controller is printed in light grey. Whenever you see this formatting applied, you will find the same text on a controller display.▪Text appearing on labels of the hardware controller is printed in orange. Whenever you see this formatting applied, you will find the same text on the controller.▪Important names and concepts are printed in bold.▪References to keys on your computer’s keyboard you’ll find put in square brackets (e.g.,“Press [Shift] + [Enter]”).►Single instructions are introduced by this play button type arrow.→Results of actions are introduced by this smaller arrow.Naming ConventionThroughout the documentation we will refer to MASCHINE controller (or just controller) as the hardware controller and MASCHINE software as the software installed on your computer.The term “effect” will sometimes be abbreviated as “FX” when referring to elements in the MA-SCHINE software and hardware. These terms have the same meaning.Button Combinations and Shortcuts on Your ControllerMost instructions will use the “+” sign to indicate buttons (or buttons and pads) that must be pressed simultaneously, starting with the button indicated first. E.g., an instruction such as:“Press SHIFT + PLAY”means:1.Press and hold SHIFT.2.While holding SHIFT, press PLAY and release it.3.Release SHIFT.Unlabeled Buttons on the ControllerThe buttons and knobs above and below the displays on your MASCHINE controller do not have labels.。

TPS54620 Step-Down Converter Evaluation Module Use

User’s GuideTPS54620 Step-Down Converter Evaluation Module User's GuideABSTRACTThis user’s guide contains background information for the TPS54620 as well as support documentation forthe TPS54620EVM-374 evaluation module (HPA374). Also included are the performance specifications, the schematic, and the bill of materials for the TPS54620EVM-374.Table of Contents1 Introduction (2)2 Test Setup and Results (5)3 Board Layout (12)4 Schematic and Bill of Materials (18)5 Revision History (19)List of FiguresFigure 2-1. TPS54620EVM-374 Efficiency (6)Figure 2-2. TPS54620EVM-374 Low Current Efficiency (6)Figure 2-3. TPS54620EVM-374 Load Regulation (7)Figure 2-4. TPS54620EVM-374 Line Regulation (7)Figure 2-5. TPS54620EVM-374 Transient Response (8)Figure 2-6. TPS54620EVM-374 Loop Response (8)Figure 2-7. TPS54620EVM-374 Output Ripple (9)Figure 2-8. TPS54620EVM-374 Input Ripple (9)Figure 2-9. TPS54620EVM-374 Start-Up Relative to V IN (10)Figure 2-10. TPS54620EVM-374 Start-up Relative to Enable (10)Figure 2-11. TPS54620EVM-374 Thermal Image (11)Figure 3-1. TPS54620EVM-374 Top-Side Layout (13)Figure 3-2. TPS54620EVM-374 Layout 2 (14)Figure 3-3. TPS54620EVM-374 Layout 3 (15)Figure 3-4. TPS54620EVM-374 Bottom-Side layout (16)Figure 3-5. TPS54620EVM-374 Top-Side Assembly (17)Figure 4-1. TPS54620EVM-374 Schematic (18)List of TablesTable 1-1. Input Voltage and Output Current Summary (2)Table 1-2. TPS54620EVM-374 Performance Specification Summary (2)Table 1-3. Output Voltages Available (3)Table 2-1. EVM Connectors and Test Points (5)Table 4-1. TPS54620EVM-374 Bill of Materials (19)TrademarksAll trademarks are the property of their respective owners.Introduction 1 Introduction1.1 BackgroundThe TPS54620 dc/dc converter is designed to provide up to a 6 A output. The TPS54620 implements asplit input power rails with separate input voltage inputs for the power stage and control circuitry. The power stage input (PVIN) is rated for 1.6 V to 17 V while the control input (VIN) is rated for 4.5 to 17 V. TheTPS54620EVM-374 provides both inputs but is designed and tested using the PVIN connected to VIN. Rated input voltage and output current range for the evaluation module are given in Table 1-1. This evaluation module is designed to demonstrate the small printed-circuit-board areas that may be achieved when designing with the TPS54620 regulator. The switching frequency is externally set at a nominal480 kHz. The high-side and low-side MOSFETs are incorporated inside the TPS54620 package along with the gate drive circuitry. The low drain-to-source on resistance of the MOSFET allows the TPS54620 to achievehigh efficiencies and helps keep the junction temperature low at high output currents. The compensation components are external to the integrated circuit (IC), and an external divider allows for an adjustable output voltage. Additionally, the TPS54620 provides adjustable slow start, tracking and undervoltage lockout inputs. The absolute maximum input voltage is 20 V for the TPS54620EVM-374.1.2 Performance Specification SummaryA summary of the TPS54620EVM-374 performance specifications is provided in Table 1-2. Specifications are given for an input voltage of V IN = 12 V and an output voltage of 3.3 V, unless otherwise specified. TheTPS54620EVM-374 is designed and tested for V IN = 8 V to 17 V with the VIN and PVIN pins connect together with the J3 jumper. The ambient temperature is 25°C for all measurements, unless otherwise noted.1.3 ModificationsThese evaluation modules are designed to provide access to the features of the TPS54620. Some modifications can be made to this module.2TPS54620 Step-Down Converter Evaluation Module User's Guide SLVU281B – MAY 2009 – REVISED AUGUST 20211.3.1 Output Voltage Set PointThe output voltage is set by the resistor divider network of R8 and R9. R9 is fixed at 10 kΩ. To change the output voltage of the EVM, it is necessary to change the value of resistor R8. Changing the value of R8 can change the output voltage above 0.8 V. The value of R8 for a specific output voltage can be calculated using Equation 1.)OUT k V -V R V10W(0.88=0.8(1)Table 1-3 lists the R8 values for some common output voltages. Note that V IN must be in a range so that the minimum on-time is greater than 120 ns, and the maximum duty cycle is less than 95%. The values given in Table 1-3 are standard values, not the exact value calculated using Equation 1.1.3.2 Slow Start TimeThe slow start time can be adjusted by changing the value of C7. Use Equation 2 to calculate the required value of C7 for a desired slow start timeTss(ms)Iss(μA)C7(nF)=Vref(V)´(2)The EVM is set for a slow start time of 4 msec using C7 = 0.01 µF.1.3.3 Track InThe TPS54620 can track an external voltage during start up. The J5 connector is provided to allow connection to that external voltage. Ratio-metric or simultaneous tracking can be implemented using resistor divider R5 and R6. See the TPS54620 data sheet (SLVS949) for details.1.3.4 Adjustable UVLOThe under voltage lock out (UVLO) ca be adjusted externally using R1 and R2. The EVM is st for a start voltage of 6.521 V and a stop voltage of 6.065 V using R1 = 35.7 kΩ and R2 = 8.06 kΩ. Use Equation 3 and Equation 4 to calculate required resistor values for different start and stop voltages.ENFALLING START STOPENRISING ENFALLING p h ENRISING V V -V V R1=V I 1-+I V æöç÷èøæöç÷èø(3)ENFALLINGSTOP ENFALLING p h R1×V R2=V -V +R1(I +I )(4) IntroductionIntroduction 1.3.5 Input Voltage RailsThe EVM is designed to accommodate different input voltage levels for the power stage and control logic. During normal operation, the PVIN and VIN inputs are connected together using a jumper across J3. The single input voltage is supplied at J1. If desired, these to input voltage rails may be separated by removing the jumper across J3. Two input voltages must then be provided at both J1 and J2. Test Setup and Results2 Test Setup and ResultsThis section describes how to properly connect, set up, and use the TPS54620EVM-374 evaluation module.The section also includes test results typical for the evaluation module and covers efficiency, output voltage regulation, load transients, loop response, output ripple, input ripple, and start-up.2.1 Input / Output ConnectionsThe TPS54620EVM-374 is provided with input/output connectors and test points as shown in Table 2-1. A power supply capable of supplying 4 A must be connected to J1 through a pair of 20 AWG wires. The jumper acrossJ3 must be in place. See Section 1.3.5 for split input voltage rail operation. The load must be connected toJ7 through a pair of 20 AWG wires. The maximum load current capability must be 6 A. Wire lengths must be minimized to reduce losses in the wires. Test-point TP1 provides a place to monitor the V IN input voltages with TP2 providing a convenient ground reference. TP8 is used to monitor the output voltage with TP9 as the ground reference.Test Setup and Results 2.2 EfficiencyThe efficiency of this EVM peaks at a load current of about 2 A and then decreases as the load current increasesshows the efficiency for the TPS54620EVM-374 at an ambient temperature of 25°C.towards full load. Figure 2-1Figure 2-2 shows the efficiency for the TPS54620EVM-374 at lower output currents below 0.10 A at an ambienttemperature of 25°C.The efficiency may be lower at higher ambient temperatures, due to temperature variation in the drain-to-source resistance of the internal MOSFET. Test Setup and Results 2.3 Output Voltage Load Regulationshows the load regulation for the TPS54620EVM-374.Figure 2-3Measurements are given for an ambient temperature of 25°C.2.4 Output Voltage Line RegulationFigure 2-4shows the line regulation for the TPS54620EVM-374.2.5 Load TransientsFigure 2-5 shows the TPS54620EVM-374 response to load transients. The current step is from 25% to 75% of maximum rated load at 12 V input. Total peak-to-peak voltage variation is as shown, including ripple and noiseon the output.Figure 2-5. TPS54620EVM-374 Transient Response2.6 Loop CharacteristicsFigure 2-6 shows the TPS54620EVM-374 loop-response characteristics. Gain and phase plots are shown for V INFigure 2-6. TPS54620EVM-374 Loop ResponseTest Setup and Results 2.7 Output Voltage RippleFigure 2-7 shows the TPS54620EVM-374 output voltage ripple. The output current is the rated full load of 6 A and V IN= 12 V. The ripple voltage is measured directly across the output capacitors.Figure 2-7. TPS54620EVM-374 Output Ripple2.8 Input Voltage RippleFigure 2-8 shows the TPS54620EVM-374 input voltage. The output current is the rated full load of 4 A and V IN =12 V. The ripple voltage is measured directly across the input capacitors.Figure 2-8. TPS54620EVM-374 Input Ripple Test Setup and ResultsTest Setup and Results 2.9 Powering UpFigure 2-9 and Figure 2-10 show the start-up waveforms for the TPS54620EVM-374 . In Figure 2-9, the output voltage ramps up as soon as the input voltage reaches the UVLO threshold as set by the R1 and R2 resistor divider network. In Figure 2-10, the input voltage is initially applied and the output is inhibited by using a jumper at J2 to tie EN to GND. When the jumper is removed, EN is released. When the EN voltage reaches theenable-threshold voltage, the start-up sequence begins and the output voltage ramps up to the externally set value of 3.3 V. The input voltage for these plots is 12 V and the load is 1Ω.Figure 2-9. TPS54620EVM-374 Start-Up Relative to VIN Array Figure 2-10. TPS54620EVM-374 Start-up Relative to Enable Test Setup and Results 2.10 Thermal CharacteristicsThis section shows a thermal image of the TPS54620EVM-374 running at 12 V input and 6 A load. there is no air flow and the ambient temperature is 25°C. The peak temperature of the IC (70°C) is well below the maximum recommended operating condition listed in the data sheet of 150°C.Figure 2-11. TPS54620EVM-374 Thermal ImageBoard Layout 3 Board LayoutThis section provides a description of the TPS54620EVM-374 , board layout, and layer illustrations.3.1 LayoutThe board layout for the TPS54620EVM-374 is shown in Figure 3-1 through Figure 3-5. The topside layer of the EVM is laid out in a manner typical of a user application. The top, bottom and internal layers are 2-oz. copper. The top layer contains the main power traces for PVIN, VIN, V OUT, and VPHASE. Also on the top layer are connections for the remaining pins of the TPS54620 and a large area filled with ground. The bottom and internal ground layers contains ground planes only. The top side ground traces are connected to the bottom and internal ground planes with multiple vias placed around the board including two vias directly under the TPS54620 device to provide a thermal path from the top-side ground plane to the bottom-side ground plane.The input decoupling capacitors (C2, and C3) and bootstrap capacitor (C5) are all located as close to the ICas possible. In addition, the voltage set-point resistor divider components are also kept close to the IC. The voltage divider network ties to the output voltage at the point of regulation, the copper V OUT trace at the J7 output connector. For the TPS54620, an additional input bulk capacitor may be required, depending on the EVM connection to the input supply. Critical analog circuits such as the voltage setpoint divider, frequency set resistor, slow start capacitor and compensation components are terminated to ground using a wide ground trace separate from the power ground pour. Board LayoutFigure 3-1. TPS54620EVM-374 Top-Side LayoutBoard Layout Figure 3-2. TPS54620EVM-374 Layout 2 Board LayoutFigure 3-3. TPS54620EVM-374 Layout 3Board Layout Figure 3-4. TPS54620EVM-374 Bottom-Side layout Board LayoutFigure 3-5. TPS54620EVM-374 Top-Side Assembly3.2 Estimated Circuit AreaThe estimated printed circuit board area for the components used in this design is 0.58 in2 (374 mm2). This area does not include test point or connectors.Schematic and Bill of Materials 4 Schematic and Bill of MaterialsThis section presents the TPS54620EVM-374 schematic and bill of materials.4.1 Schematicis the schematic for the TPS54620EVM-374.Figure 4-1 Schematic and Bill of Materials 4.2 Bill of MaterialsTable 4-1 presents the bill of materials for the TPS54620EVM-374 .5 Revision HistoryNOTE: Page numbers for previous revisions may differ from page numbers in the current version.Changes from Revision A (March 2017) to Revision B (August 2021)Page •Updated the numbering format for tables, figures, and cross-references throughout the document. (2)•Updated the user's guide title (2)Changes from Revision * (May 2009) to Revision A (March 2017)Page •Changed the Load transient response TYP values in Table 1-2 (2)•Changed the Loop bandwidth TYP value From: 45 To 43 kHz in Table 1-2 (2)•Changed the Phase margin TYP value From: 46 To 52° in Table 1-2 (2)•Changed the Output ripple voltage TYP value From: 18 To 20 mVPP in Table 1-2 (2)•Replaced Figure 2-5 (8)•Replaced Figure 2-6 (8)•Replaced Figure 2-7 (9)Revision History •Replaced Figure 4-1 (18)•Changed values of C8, C9, R4, C4, and the Description of U1 in Table 4-1 (19)IMPORTANT NOTICE AND DISCLAIMERTI PROVIDES TECHNICAL AND RELIABILITY DATA (INCLUDING DATA SHEETS), DESIGN RESOURCES (INCLUDING REFERENCE DESIGNS), APPLICATION OR OTHER DESIGN ADVICE, WEB TOOLS, SAFETY INFORMATION, AND OTHER RESOURCES “AS IS” AND WITH ALL FAULTS, AND DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS AND IMPLIED, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NON-INFRINGEMENT OF THIRD PARTY INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS.These resources are intended for skilled developers designing with TI products. You are solely responsible for (1) selecting the appropriate TI products for your application, (2) designing, validating and testing your application, and (3) ensuring your application meets applicable standards, and any other safety, security, regulatory or other requirements.These resources are subject to change without notice. TI grants you permission to use these resources only for development of an application that uses the TI products described in the resource. Other reproduction and display of these resources is prohibited. No license is granted to any other TI intellectual property right or to any third party intellectual property right. TI disclaims responsibility for, and you will fully indemnify TI and its representatives against, any claims, damages, costs, losses, and liabilities arising out of your use of these resources.TI’s products are provided subject to TI’s Terms of Sale or other applicable terms available either on or provided in conjunction with such TI products. TI’s provision of these resources does not expand or otherwise alter TI’s applicable warranties or warranty disclaimers for TI products.TI objects to and rejects any additional or different terms you may have proposed.Mailing Address: Texas Instruments, Post Office Box 655303, Dallas, Texas 75265Copyright © 2022, Texas Instruments Incorporated。

SMC产品说明书：PPA100 PPA101 PPA102型号的Compact Manometer

Instruction Manual Compact ManometerPPA100 / PPA101 / PPA102The intended use of this product is for pressure measurement.These safety instructions are intended to prevent hazardous situations and/or equipment damage. These instructions indicate the level of potential hazard with the labels of “Caution,” “Warning” or “Danger.”They are all important notes for safety and must be followed in addition to International Standards (ISO/IEC) *1), and other safety regulations. *1)ISO 4414: Pneumatic fluid power - General rules relating to systems. ISO 4413: Hydraulic fluid power - General rules relating to systems.IEC 60204-1: Safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines. (Part 1: General requirements)ISO 10218-1: Robots and robotic devices - Safety requirements for industrial robots - Part 1: Robots.• Refer to product catalogue, Operation Manual and Handling Precautions for SMC Products for additional information. • Keep this manual in a safe place for future reference.CautionCaution indicates a hazard with a low level of risk which, if not avoided, could result in minor or moderate injury.WarningWarning indicates a hazard with a medium level of riskwhich, if not avoided, could result in death or serious injury.DangerDanger indicates a hazard with a high level of risk which, ifnot avoided, will result in death or serious injury.Warning• Always ensure compliance with relevant safety laws and standards.• All work must be carried out in a safe manner by a qualified person in compliance with applicable national regulations.• Refer to the operation manual or catalogue on the SMC website (URL: https://) for further Safety Instructions.2 Specifications2.1General specificationsModelPPA100 High pressure PPA101 Vacuum PPA102 Low pressure Rated pressure range-0.1 to 1 MPa -101 to 10 kPa -10 to 100kPaDisplay method 3 digit LCD with backlight Pressure displaydiscrimination1/100Minimum display unit kPa - 1 1 MPa 0.01 - -mmHg- 5 - kgf/cm 20.1 0.01 0.01 inHg - 0.2 -psi 1 0.1 0.1 bar 0.1 0.01 0.01Error displayOver pressure, Memory data error,Change battery signFunctionPeak / bottom display, backlight, Auto powerOFF, Zero clear, Units display switchingWithstand pressure 1.5 MPa 200 kPa 200 kPa Applicable fluid Air, Non-corrosive gases, non-flammable gas Power supply voltage 3 VDC, Type AA dry cell x 2 pcs.Battery life12 months continuous operation(without backlight, at 25°C)Response speed 250 ms Display accuracy ±2% F.S. (at 25°C) Repeatability ±1% F.S. (at 25°C) Temperaturecharacteristics±3% F.S. (0 to 50°C with 25°C standard)Connection port size M5 x 0.8 Operatingtemperature range 0 to 50°C (no condensation)Operating humidityrange35 to 85% RH (no condensation)Enclosure rating IP40 Weight 100 g (Unit: 50 g, Battery: 50 g) *1) Batteries (manganese R6 or alkaline LR6) not included.*2) For the type without the unit switching function are fixed to SI units (kPa or MPa.*3) With regard to the compatibility condition for EMC, the pressure display value variation is ±15% F.S. or less.WarningSpecial products (-X) might have specifications different from those shown in this section. Contact SMC for specific drawings.3 Installation3.1 InstallationWarning• Do not install the product unless the safety instructions have been read and understood.3.2 EnvironmentWarning• Do not use in an environment where corrosive gases, chemicals, salt water or steam are present.• Do not use in an explosive atmosphere.• Do not expose to direct sunlight. Use a suitable protective cover.• Do not install in a location subject to vibration or impact in excess of the product’s specifications.• Do not operate in a location exposed to radiant heat that would result in temperatures in excess of the product’s specifications.3.3 PipingCaution• Before connecting piping be sure to clean up chips, cutting oil, dust etc. • When installing piping or fittings, ensure sealant material does not enter inside the port. When using seal tape, leave 1 thread exposed on the end of the pipe/fitting.• Tighten fittings to the specified tightening torque.3.4 LubricationCaution• SMC products have been lubricated for life at manufacture, and do not require lubrication in service.• If a lubricant is to be used in the system, refer to catalogue for details.4 Settings4.1 Initial SettingPerform initial setting when using for the first time and after changing the batteries, as the unit will display a memory data error.1. Confirmation of displayWhen power is applied, if there is nothing on the display, proceed to step 2.If “Err” Is displayed on the LCD, switch the power OFF and ON again. The display should clear. Proceed to step 2.2. Press and hold the POWER button for 6 seconds or more.The unit will move into the zero-clear mode. When this happens “CAL” will be displayed.3. Release the POWER button.When zero clear is finished, the unit will operate.4.2 Power ONPress the POWER button. The power will turn ON.When pressed and held for 6 seconds or more the unit will move into zero-clear mode.4.3 Power OFFPress and hold the POWER button for 3 seconds or more.The power will turn OFF.The power will also turn OFF If there is no button operation for 5 minutes or more (auto power OFF function).4.4 Units Display Switching1. Press and hold the POWER and LIGHTbuttons for 3 seconds or more.The units on the LCD display will flash.2. Press the LIGHT buttonThe units will change (refer to the units table).3. Press the POWER buttonThe units are set and the units display setting is complete.(For products with units switching function).Units availableHigh pressure (PPA100) Vacuum pressure(PPA101) Low pressure (PPA102) MPa > bar > psi > kgfkPa > bar > psi > inHg > mmHgkPa > bar > psi > kgf4.5 Peak / Bottom displayPress the POWER button. • For Peak displayTo display the maximum pressure value, with “P” displayed on the LCD. The display will change if the pressure exceeds the pressure being held.Press the POWER button. • For Bottom displayTo display the minimum pressure value, with “b” displayed on the LCD. The display will change if the pressure falls below the pressure being held. Press the POWER to complete the setting.Since this function is combined with the power OFF operation, the button should be released when the “P” or “b” is displayed.4.6 Auto Power OFF functionThe power is turned OFF when there has been no button operation for 5 minutes.(To cancel this function refer to the lock mode function below).4.7 Lock mode functionPress and hold the POWER and LIGHT buttons for 6 seconds or more.The lock mode is activated and the auto power OFF function is cancelled.“L” is displayed on the LCD display.When the power is turned OFF the lock mode is released.4.8 Turning ON the BacklightPress the LIGHT button.The display lights up when the button is pressed. In lock mode it lights up when pressed and turns OFF when pressed again.However the maximum lighting time is approximately one minute.4.9 Zero clear functionPress the POWER button for 6 seconds or more.The zero displayed at atmospheric pressure can be automatically adjusted.This means it is possible to eliminate a display discrepancy at atmospheric pressure. 1. Turn the power OFF.2. Release the supply pressure to atmosphere.3. When the POWER button is pressed and held for 6 seconds or more the zero clear function is performed and “CAL” is displayed on the LCD.ORIGINAL INSTRUCTIONSRefer to the operation manual or catalogue on the SMC website (URL: https:// ) for the How to Order information.Refer to the operation manual or catalogue on the SMC website (URL: https:// ) for outline dimensions.7.1 General maintenanceCaution•Not following proper maintenance procedures could cause the productto malfunction and lead to equipment damage.• If handled improperly, compressed air can be dangerous.Maintenance of pneumatic systems should be performed only by qualified personnel.• Before performing maintenance, turn off the power supply and be sure to cut off the supply pressure. Confirm that the air is released to atmosphere.• After installation and maintenance, apply operating pressure and power to the equipment and perform appropriate functional and leakage tests to make sure the equipment is installed correctly.• If any electrical connections are disturbed during maintenance, ensure they are reconnected correctly and safety checks are carried out as required to ensure continued compliance with applicable national regulations.• Do not make any modification to the product.• Do not disassemble the product, unless required by installation or maintenance instructions. 7.2 Span calibrationWarning• Do not touch the span calibration trimmer except when performing a span calibration.1. Perform zero clear at atmospheric pressure.2. Apply the maximum rated pressure and calibrate the span while comparing with a standard pressure gauge.3. If the displayed value of the compact manometer is “0” after returning to atmospheric pressure, then calibration is complete. If the displayed value is not “0” calibrate again by repeating steps 1 and 2.7.3 Replacing the batteriesWhen the battery voltage becomes low the entire LCD display will flash. When the LCD is flashing, replace the batteries. Use 2 x AA dry cell batteries.Caution• To replace the batteries, turn OFF the power and replace them within approximately 30 seconds.• If not completed within 30 seconds “Err” will be displayed. • In that case perform zero clear once again.• In the event that the display runs out of control, remove the batteries for one minute or longer and then perform zero clear again before inserting the batteries and turning ON the power.8.1 Limited warranty and disclaimer/compliance requirements Refer to Handling Precautions for SMC Products.This product shall not be disposed of as municipal waste. Check your local regulations and guidelines to dispose of this product correctly, in order to reduce the impact on human health and the environment.10 ContactsRefer to or www.smc.eu for your local distributor / importer.URL: https:// (Global) https://www.smc.eu (Europe) SMC Corporation, 4-14-1, Sotokanda, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0021, Japan Specifications are subject to change without prior notice from the manufacturer. © 2021 SMC Corporation All Rights Reserved. Template DKP50047-F-085M。

Conners 3rd Edition

Conners 3 UpdateThe following updates have been made to the Conners 3rd Edition™ (Conners 3™): (1) Validity scale interpretation, (2) T-score interpretation, and (3) renaming the Aggression scale to Defiance/Aggression. These changes are intended to improve the utility of the assessment in actual practice.1. Validity Scale InterpretationThe Conners 3 includes three Validity scales: the Positive Impression (PI), Negative Impression (NI), and Incon-sistency Index (IncX) scales. In the initial release of the Conners 3 documentation, the guidelines for interpreta-tion of these Validity scales used the following language: probably valid, possibly invalid, and probably invalid. To better align the interpretation guidelines with the intent of the scales, the guidelines have been revised using new language. Validity scale scores should be considered as indicative of potentially problematic response styles (i.e., possible positive, negative, or inconsistent response style; see Table 1). It is recommended that clinical judgment be used in the interpretation of elevated Validity scale scores (i.e., raw scores that are above the cut-offs presented in Table 1). Item-level analysis can be useful in this process. Elevated PI and NI scores may indicate a positive response style for the PI and a negative response style for the NI. However, it is possible that these scales could be elevated due to other reasons, such as in the case of an extremely well-behaved youth (an elevated PI score), or in the case of a youth who really does misbehave most of the time (an elevated NI score). Similarly, while an elevated IncX score likely reflects an inconsistent response style, it is possible that it is the youth’s behavior (rather than the rater’s responses) that is inconsistent. Reviewing the responses to the items that make up these scales can help determine if there is a problematic response style or if the scale elevations are accurate reflections of the youth’s behavior.Response Style Analysis using the Conners 3 Validity ScalesTable 1.a Positive ImpressionParent Teacher Self-Report Interpretive Guideline0–40–40–3Overly positive response style not indicated.5–65–64–6Possible positive response style.Scores may present a more favorable impression than is warranted. Table 1.b Negative ImpressionParent Teacher Self-Report Interpretive Guideline0–40–40–4Overly negative response style not indicated.5–65–65–6Possible negative response style.Scores may present a less favorable impression than is warranted. Table 1.c Inconsistency IndexParent Teacher Self-Report Interpretive Guideline0–6 or < 2 absolute differences equal to2 or 30–5 or < 2 absolutedifferences equal to2 or 30–8 or < 2 absolutedifferences equal to2 or 3Inconsistent responding style not indicated.≥ 7 and at least two absolute differences equal to 2 or 3≥ 6 and at least twoabsolute differencesequal to 2 or 3≥ 9 and at least twoabsolute differencesequal to 2 or 3Responses to similar items showed high levels of inconsistency.Scores may not accurately reflect the individual due to a careless orunusual response to some items.Conners 3rd Edition™ Supplement2. T-Score InterpretationA T-score is a standardized score, which means that it can be compared across different raters or administration dates. T-scores for Conners 3 scales convert the raw scores to reflect what is typical or atypical for that age and gender. All T-scores have a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10. A perfectly average T-score of 50 is exactly equal to the mean score of that age and gender group. The average range falls within one standard deviation of the mean (i.e., between 40 and 59). For some scales on the Conners 3, it is possible to get very extreme T-scores (i.e., > 100). To avoid over-interpretation of these extreme values, all T-scores greater than 90 in the computerized reports (as in the paper forms) are reported as 90.In the original guidelines for interpreting T-scores, the 60 to 69 range was considered “elevated.” An additional condition, however, was imposed in that scores from 57 to 63 were specified as being in the “borderline” range. The T-score interpretive guidelines have been adjusted so that the “borderline range” now reflects a specific category of scores (i.e., scores that are between 1 and 1.5 standard deviations above the mean; 60 to 64) and is described as “High Average.”1The new interpretive guidelines are as follows: A T-score in the “Very Elevated” range (i.e., > 2 standard deviations above the mean) is very likely to indicate a significant area of concern. A T-score in the “Elevated” range (i.e., 1.5–2 standard deviations above the mean) usually indicates significant concerns. A T-score in the “High Average” range requires careful consideration and clinical judgment, as this range is the borderline between typical and atypical levels of concern. T-scores falling below 60 generally indicate typical or absent concerns for the child’s age and gender. (See Table 2 for a summary of these guidelines.) Remember that clinical training and judgment are required for responsible interpretation of any test score; these score classification guidelines should not be applied automati-cally without careful interpretation by a clinician.1Data analyses of the normative and clinical samples revealed that scores in the 60 to 64 range are almost equally likely to occurwith clinical and non-clinical cases. Note that these guidelines are approximations and should not be used as absolute rules. There is no reason to believe that there is a perceptible difference, for instance, between a T-score of 64 and a T-score of 65. Even if a youth receives a score in a given range, if other information (e.g., observation, interview, clinical history) suggests something different, then this must be taken into consid-eration in the interpretation process.2This change applies to the interpretation of T-scores for the Conners 3 Content scales, DSM-IV-TR Symptom scales, and to T-scores on the various Conners 3 components.3 The interpretation of discrepancies between DSM-IV-TR Symptom Counts and T-scores have been updated to reflect the changes in the T-score guidelines; see Table 3. These discrepancies are to be expected, given that the Symptom Count and T-score are based on different metrics (i.e., absolute versus relative). Because the DSM-IV-TR Symptom scale T-scores take age and gender into account, they may at times be more sensitive to atypicality for that peer group, even if symptoms do not meet the absolute symptom count level.The standalone Conners 3 ADHD Index™ (Conners 3AI™) is a good general indicator of whether a given youth is similar to youth with ADHD (based on responses on the Conners 3), or more similar to youth without a clinical diagnosis. This index provides a probability score that represents the percentage of time that the score occurred in youth with a diagnosis of ADHD as opposed to youth with no clinical diagnosis. The Conners 3AI T-score is easily interpreted using the same guidelines displayed in Table 2. At times, there may be discrepancies between the Conners 3AI probability score and T-score. This difference is to be expected, given that the probability score and T-score are based on different metrics. The Conners 3AI T-score is age and gender specific, while the Conners 3AI probability score is not. The probability score indicates how likely a clinical classification is, while the T-score indicates whether the youth is showing typical or atypical levels of these symptoms, relative to age- and gender-based expectations. See Table 4 for guidelines for the interpretation of the probability and T-scores based on the new score ranges.2This falls under Step 5 (Integrate Results) of the Step-by-Step Interpretation Guidelines in chapter 6 of your Conners 3 Manual. 3Including the full-length Conners 3, the Conners 3 Short, the Conners 3 Global Index™, and the Conners 3 ADHD Index™.April, 20093. Defiance/AggressionScaleAll three versions (Parent, Teacher, Self-Report) of the Conners 3 include an Aggression scale. However, the true content of the scale measures not only agression, but also defiance (behaviors that are considered problematic but do not have overt expression of agression). To reflect this broader content, the scale name has been changed from Aggression to Defiance/Aggression.4 The characteristics of high scorers on the Defiance/Aggression scale are: May be argumentative. May defy requests fromadults. May have poor control of anger and maylose temper. May be physically and/or verballyaggressive. May show violent or destructivetendencies. May bully others. May be manipula-tive or cruel. May break rules and/or have legalissues.4Note that this change has been reflected in the Feedback handout. The Conners 3 full-length and Short form computer-ized Assessment Report includes a feedback handout that canbe shared with people who are not familiar with the Conners3 (e.g., parents, school staff, lawyers, therapists, coaches, oryouth). The computer-generated feedback handout includes abrief description of the Conners 3, a summary table of results, additional topics for discussion, and the level of impairment.In this handout, the “Aggression” category has been renamed“Defiance/Aggression.”The underlying cause of an elevated Defiance/Aggression score (i.e., defiant vs. aggressive) can be discerned by looking at the item level responses (Step 4 of the Step-by-Step Interpretation Guidelines in chapter 6 of your Conners 3 Manual). The examination of the responses to items in the scale can help determine if the scale elevation is caused by defiant behaviors (e.g., “Actively refuses to do what adults tell him/her to do,” “Argues with adults”), aggressive behaviors (e.g., “Physically hurts people,” “Threatens to hurt others”), or both types of behaviors.Table 2. Understanding T-scores and PercentilesT-score Percentile Guideline70+98+Very Elevated Score (Many more concerns than are typically reported) 65–6993–97Elevated Score (More concerns than are typically reported)60–6484–92High Average Score (Slightly more concerns than are typically reported) 40–5916–83Average Score (Typical levels of concern)< 40< 16Low Score (Fewer concerns than are typically reported)Conners 3rd Edition™ SupplementTable 3. Interpretation Guidelines for DSM-IV-TR Scores on the Conners 3DSM-IV-TR T-scoreDSM-IV-TRSymptom Count Interpretation GuidelinesT-score and Symptom Count are elevated ≥ 65At or aboveDSM-IV-TR cut-offscoreSignificant features of the disorder are present in that setting.The symptoms are occurring in excess of what is typical for thatyouth’s age and gender.This diagnosis should be given strong consideration.Only T-score is elevated≥ 65Below DSM-IV-TRcut-off score Features of this diagnosis are not prominent in that setting.The symptoms that are present are occurring in excess of what is typical for that youth’s age and gender.Although the current presentation is atypical for the youth’s age and gender, there are not sufficient symptoms reported to meet DSM-IV-TR symptomatic criteria for this disorder. The assessor may wish to consider alternative explanations for why the T-scores could be elevated in the absence of this diagnosis (e.g., another diagnosis may be producing these types of concerns in that particular setting).Only Symptom Count is elevated ≤ 64At or aboveDSM-IV-TR cut-offscoreSignificant features of the disorder are present in that setting.The symptoms are at (or below) developmental expectations for thatage and gender.Although the absolute DSM-IV-TR symptomatic criteria mayhave been met, the current presentation is not atypical for this ageand gender. The assessor should carefully consider whether or notsymptoms are present in excess of developmental expectations (animportant requirement of DSM-IV-TR diagnosis).T-score and Symptom Count are average or below ≤ 64Below DSM-IV-TRcut-off scoreFeatures of this diagnosis are not prominent in that setting.Any symptoms that are present are at (or below) developmentalexpectations for that age and gender.It is unlikely that the diagnosis is currently present (although criteriamay have been met in the past).Table 4. Interpretation Guidelines for the Conners 3AIConners 3AI ProbabilityScore Conners 3AIT-score Interpretation GuidelinesBoth scores are elevated≥ 61%≥ 65The responses are very similar to those describing youth withADHD.More of the key features of ADHD are present than expected for thisage and gender.Probability score in borderline range, T-score is elevated 51–60%≥ 65The responses are somewhat similar to those describing youth withADHD.More of the key features of ADHD are present than expected for thisage and gender.Only T-score is elevated≤ 50%≥ 65The responses are more similar to those describing youth in thegeneral population than those describing youth with ADHD, but keyfeatures of ADHD are occurring in excess of what is typical for thatyouth’s age and gender.The assessor may wish to consider alternate explanations for why theT-score could be elevated (e.g., another issue besides ADHD may beproducing these types of concerns in that particular setting).Only probability score is elevated ≥ 61%≤ 64The responses are very similar to those describing youth withADHD, but key features of ADHD are at (or below) developmentalexpectations for that age and gender.Although the youth’s responses are like those of youth with ADHD,the current presentation is not atypical for this age and gender.The assessor should give careful consideration as to whether thesymptoms are present in excess of developmental expectations.Probability score in borderline range,T-score is average/low 51–60%≤ 64The responses are somewhat similar to those describing youth withADHD, but any key features of ADHD that are present are at (orbelow) developmental expectations for that age and gender.Both scores are average or below < 50%≤ 64The responses are more similar to those describing youth in thegeneral population than those describing youth with ADHD.Any key features of ADHD that are present are at or belowdevelopmental expectations for that age and gender.。

Summary_Response_Assignment

GENRE: SUMMARY/RESPONSEA summary-response paper requires an objective summary and a subjective response.∙Objective—unbiased reporting of what is said∙Subjective—your personal response to what has been writtenPURPOSE:Summarizing is a skill needed in all areas of education as well as in the workforce. It requires critical thinking in that you must be able to determine the main ideas from the supporting details. Generally, a summary condenses the main ideas to 1/10 – 1/7 of the original writing. (For example, a 2500-word article would result in a summary of approximately 250 words.) Supporting details are used only when you think your audience will need more specific information for clarity.A response, however, may be much longer than the objective summary. The response includes your subjective thoughts about the author’s message, audience, supporting details, and style of writing.LENGTH: T he summary should be 250-357 words, and the response should be approximately 500-750 words.AUDIENCE:Other Comp I students or community members who are not familiar with the article you read.PROCESS:For paragraph one, follow these instructions:∙Begin your objective summary by letting your audience know who the author is, the title of the reading, the major source of the writing, and the thesis statement.In Natasha Singer’s article, “On Campus, It’s One Big Commercial” fromThe New York Times, she reports that....”a growing number of companies… are hiring college students to represent brands on ca mpuses across the nation.”∙After this sentence, identify the author’s main points to support the thesis statement. [Note: After you have identified the author by first and last name, you need only to use the author’s last name in any references you make to him/her.]For paragraph two, respond to the reading with your own personal assessment: ∙Begin by writing a sentence that describes your overall reaction to the article.∙Respond to the various aspects that struck you the most:the title? the examples the author uses?the topic? the word choice?the intended audience? the author’s effectiveness?Consider these questions:∙Do you agree or disagree with the author’s thesis?∙Are there parts that you particularly liked or disliked? [Note: Use direct quotations from the article to support your views of the reading.Write a sentence or two for each point you have identified.]Conclude your response paragraph by restating your overall impression, and tell your audience why they may (or may not) want to read the original article.。

Philips 剃须刀商品说明书

EnglishIntroductionCongratulations on your purchase and welcome to Philips! To fully benefit from the support that Philips offers, register your product at/welcome.General description (fig. 1)1Trimming guard2Cutting unit3On/off button4Socket for small plug5Small plug6Battery charge indcator7Supply unitnot shown: cleaning brushImportant safety informationRead this important information carefully before you use the appliance and its accessories and save it for future reference. The accessories supplied may vary for different products.Danger-Keep the supply unit dry (Fig. 2).Warning-To charge the battery, only use the detachable supply unit (A00390) provided with theappliance.-The supply unit contains a transformer. Do not cut off the supply unit to replace it with another plug, as this causes a hazardous situation.-This appliance can be used by children aged from 8 years and above and persons withreduced physical, sensory or mental capabilities or lack of experience and knowledge if theyhave been given supervision or instructionconcerning use of the appliance in a safe wayand understand the hazards involved. Children shall not play with the appliance. Cleaning and user maintenance shall not be made bychildren without supervision.-Always check the appliance before you use it.Do not use the appliance if it is damaged, asthis may cause injury. Always replace adamaged part with one of the original type.-Do not open the appliance to replace the rechargeable battery.Caution-This appliance is not washable. Never immerse the appliance in water and do not rinse it under the tap (Fig. 2).-Only use this appliance for its intended purpose as shown in the user manual.-For hygienic reasons, the appliance should only be used by one person.-Never use compressed air, scouring pads, abrasive cleaning agents or aggressive liquidssuch as petrol or acetone to clean theappliance.-Do not use the supply unit in or near wall sockets that contain an electric air freshener to prevent irreparable damage to the supply unit. Electromagnetic fields (EMF)This Philips appliance complies with all applicable standards and regulations regarding exposure to electromagnetic fields.General-The supply unit is suitable for mains voltages ranging from 100 to 240 volts.-The supply unit transforms 100-240 volts to a safe low voltage of less than 24 volts. ChargingCharge the appliance fully before you use it for the first time and after a long period of disuse.It takes approximately 10 hours to fully charge the appliance. When it is fully charged, the appliance has a cordless operating time of up to 45 minutes. 1Make sure the appliance is switched off.2Insert the small plug into the appliance (Fig. 3). 3Put the supply unit in the wall socket.-The charging light on the supply unit lights up green to indicate that the product is charging.Note: The charging light on the supply unit does not change color and does not go out when the product is fully charged.from 11 length settings ranging from 0.5mm to10mm (1/32in. to 13/32in.).1Slide the trimming comb straight into theguiding groove of the appliance (Fig. 5).2Turn the zoom wheel to the desired setting (Fig.6). The desired hair length setting is shown inthe center of the zoom wheel.3Switch the appliance on.4To trim most effectively, move the applianceagainst the hair growth direction. Make surethat the surface of the comb always stays inthe brush or rinse it under the tap.5Carefully shake off excess water and let air drycompletely.6Insert the lug of the cutting unit into the guidingslot and push the cutting unit back onto theappliance (Fig. 12).Ordering accessoriesTo buy accessories or spare parts, visit/service or go to yourPhilips dealer. You can also contact the PhilipsConsumer Care Center in your country (see theinternational warranty leaflet for contact details).Recycling-Do not throw away the product with the normalhousehold waste at the end of its life, but handit in at an official collection point for recycling.By doing this, you help to preserve theenvironment.-This product contains a built-in rechargeablebattery which shall not be disposed of withnormal household waste. Please take yourproduct to an official collection point or aPhilips service center to have a professionalremove the rechargeable battery.-Follow your country’s rules for the separatecollection of electrical and electronic productsand rechargeable batteries. Correct disposalhelps prevent negative consequences for theenvironment and human health.BT3206© 2018 Koninklijke Philips N.V.All rights reserved选择，长度范围在 0.5 毫米到 10 毫米（1/32 英寸到13/32 英寸）之间。

ROYER R-122 MKII活动式磁带速度录音室麦克风说明书

ROYER R-122 MKIIActive Ribbon-Velocity Studio Microphone The R-122 MKII is a compact, monaural, phantom powered ribbonmicrophone with a switchable -15 dB pad and a low cut filter. Soni-cally similar to our groundbreaking R-121, the R-122 MKII exhibits aflat frequency response and a well-balanced, panoramic soundfield,but it’s 13 dB more sensitive and has a faster transient response,giving a sense of more open highs. Like the R-121, it is capable ofhandling high SPL applications.The R-122 MKII’s -15 dB pad is positioned before any other electron-ics, giving the microphone 15 dB more headroom for high SPL work.The low cut filter is configured to reduce proximity effect for closemiking and vocal applications and effectively filters rumble.The R-122 MKII’s active electronics produce an output comparable tostudio condenser microphones and provide an optimum impedance to the ribbonelement, preventing overdamping of the ribbon and assuring consistent micro-phone performance. The high gain and low output impedance of the R-122 allow itto operate with any microphone preamplifier with phantom power, and also allowsfor use with long cable runs.The R-122 MKII utilizes a low mass, 2.5-micron, pure (99.99%) aluminum ribbonelement in a patented offset-ribbon transducer assembly. The smooth frequencyresponse and phase linearity of the R-122 MKII, coupled with its sophisticatedactive electronics system, enable it to deliver a consistent natural acoustic perfor-mance with extraordinary realism. Frequency response is excellent regardless ofthe angle of sound striking the ribbon, and off-axis coloration is negligible.The R-122’s patented offset-ribbon design positions the ribbon element toward thefront of the microphone body, which allows for high SPL handling on the front (logo)side and the option of a slightly brighter response when recording lower SPL soundsources on the back side (3 feet and closer; phase reversed in this position).R-122 MKII FEATURES• Active electronics provide high output capability, optimal impedance to theribbon element, extremely low self-noise and low output impedance• -15 dB pad and low cut filter provide greater flexibility and increased headroom• High SPL capabilities for electric guitar and percussion instruments• Absence of high frequency peaks, "ringing" and phase shifts• Ribbon element unaffected by impedance/load, heat or humidity• Operates on standard 48-volt phantom power• Gold plated XLR contactsRECOMMENDED APPLICATIONS• Close and distant miking• Electric and acoustic guitar• Vocals, commercial broadcast, voiceover• Brass, horn sections• Drum overheads, kick drum (see manual for position), room miking• Percussion instruments• Strings - solo & sections• Acoustic piano, harp• Live events - recording and sound reinforcementActual sizewith filterAcoustic Operating PrinciplePolar PatternGenerating ElementMagnetsFrequency ResponseSensitivitySwitchable PadSwitchable Bass Cut Self-Noise Output Impedance Output ConnectorRated Load Impedance Maximum SPLPower RequirementsSupply CurrentDimensionsWeightFinishAccessoriesOptional AccessoriesMicrophone Warranty Ribbon Element WarrantyElectrodynamic pressure gradient with active electronics.Figure-82.5-micron aluminum ribbon Rare Earth Neodymium 30 - 15,000 Hz ±3 dB -34 dB (re. 1v/pa ±1 dB)-15 dB100 Hz (6 dB per octave)< 18 dB200 Ohms, balanced Male XLR 3-pin (Pin 2 Hot)1K-Ohm minimum 135 dB @ 30 Hz 48-Volt Phantom Only 4 mA206mm L X 25mm W (8 1/8” L X 1” W) 309 grams (10.9 oz)Burnished Satin Nickel / Matte Black Chrome (optional)Protective wood case, mic sock Wind screen, shock mountLifetime to original owner (repair or replace at Royer’s option) First re-ribbon free to original owner within first year of purchase ROYER R-122 MKIITechnical SpecificationsFrequency Response and Polar PatternMatched pairs are available at extra chargeRoyer Labs2711 Empire Ave, Burbank, CA 91504Tel. (818) 847-0121 Fax (818) 847-0122COPYRIGHT ROYER LABS 2019All specifications subject tochange without noticePatent Number: 6,434,2520˚30˚60˚ 90˚ 120˚150˚180˚210˚240˚270˚ 300˚ 330˚ 10kHz200Hz 1kHz 205010050010005K10K20K0+5+10-5-1015K。

SCI 投稿经历

今天收到邮件，我的一篇Journal of Applied Physics 论文已被接收，心情当时还是有点激动。

虽然这个杂志的影响因子不是很高，大概2.2左右吧，这也不是我的第一篇SCI论文，但回想这一年发文章的坎坎坷坷，以及亲身经历的四川大地震，心里还是有很多的感触。

这篇论文是我在2008年二月份完成的最初稿，于二月九号投到Physics Letters A上，在经历了Technical check，with editor，under review后，于三月二十号收到编辑的决定信，当时就傻了－拒稿！受打击了。

下面是编辑的信以及审稿意见，我想把它贴出来与虫友们分享，一方面我认为，通过看审稿人的意见，可以帮助大家更好地写作，提高自己的科研水平和能力，另一方面也是答谢小木虫上很多无私的虫友们，是他们将自己的投稿经历贴在网上，与大家分享，我想我没有理由不拿出来哈！同时，也希望小木虫的虫子们能继续发扬这种精神，大家同舟共济，共同提高！好了，废话说了一大堆，不说了，下面是Physics Letters A 的审稿意见：Ms. Ref. No.: ××××××Title: ×××××Physics Letters ADear professor ××,Reviewers' comments on your work have now been received. You will see that they are advising against publication of your work. Therefore I must reject it.For your guidance, I append the reviewers' comments below.Thank you for giving us the opportunity to consider your work.Yours sincerely,×××（编辑名）EditorPhysics Letters AReviewers' comments:Reviewer #2: ManuscriptThe authors present results of the 3D electron potential ofa gated quantum point contact in a AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructure.In contrast to earlier studies, it is now possible to derive thepotential landshape without any adjustable parameter. The resultsstill agree with earlier investigations using simpler phenomenologicalmodels. Since the used nextnano3 program is available since acouple of years, I wonder why this has not been done earlier.The authors emphasize an application of their results. Havingthe complete potential landshape might help, in the future,to better understand the quantized acoustoelectric current inSETSAW devices and to improve their performance.However, the authors do not show or even discuss how this canbe achieved. Therefore I believe that in the present form the paperis not suitable for publication.The authors should consider the following suggestions, questions,and remarks.1) Page 1, first paragraph'... due to the negatively applied gate voltage ...'. It is the SAWthat drives the electrons through the contact, not the gate voltage.Maybe replace this sentence by '..., depending on the applied gatevoltage'.2) Page 3, paragraph starting with 'Generally, the quantized ...''... with fixed x = 1050 nm and ...'. Skip the '.0'. One could addthat this is exactly at the center of the device.3) At the end of the same paragraph is '... once the bias is below ...'Should this not be the gate instead of the bias voltage?4) Page 4, paragraph starting with 'As we know, in the ...''... To be different from previous calculations ...' replace by'... In contrast to previous calculations ...'.5) The strongly different behaviour above and below the pinch-offvoltage is not obvious for the non-experts. All curves look moreor less the same. One could, for example, add another figure, orinsert, to show the potential height versus gate voltage.6) How do these theoretical results of potential height versus gatevoltage compare with experiments? There exists at least onereport to determine the potential height of quantum-point contactsbelow pinch-off as function of gate voltage (Gloos et al., Phys.Rev. B 73, 125326 (2006)). Possibly, one could also compare thepresent data with 3D simulations of quantum dots (Vasileska et al., Semicond. Sci. Technol. 13, A37 (1998)).7) Figure 1，It would be better to mark the distance between the two metal gatesas the relevant parameter, and not the size of one gate.8) Figure 3The numbering of the two density axes looks rather odd. Could it notbe done with integers, like 3 instead of 3.2 or 3.0?9) Figure 5 (b)Should there not be an anomaly or kink in the potential near the Fermilevel?在仔细读了审稿人的意见后，我觉得审稿人提出的5）和6)意见非常好，后来自己想想，决定把文章来个彻底的修改。

巴弗尔线性编码器说明书

b j ec t t o m od i fi c a t i o n i n te c h n i c a n d d e s i g n . E r r o r s a n d o m i s s i o n s e x c e p t e d .MIL10Features–Sensor head with magnetic tape –Robust magnetic sensing method –Output signals A 90° B with index signal –Output circuits: HTL/push-pull and TTL/RS422 –Resolution up to 5 µm (4-times evaluation) –Non-contact, wear-free sensing system –High resistance to dirt and vibrationsTechnical data - electrical ratings Short-circuit proof YesInitializing time ≤50 ms after power on (see general informations)Resolution5 µm (4-times evaluation) 10 µm (4-times evaluation) 25 µm (4-times evaluation)Interpolation 20-fold, 50-fold, 100-fold Output signals A+, B+, R+, A-, B-, R-Reference signal Index signal, width 90°Output frequency ≤350 kHzSystem accuracy ±(0.02 mm + 0.04 mm x magnetic tape length (m))Duty cycle 40...60 %Sensing method Magnetic Output stages HTL/push-pull TTL/RS422Interference immunity DIN EN 61000-6-2Emitted interference DIN EN 61000-6-4ApprovalsCE, ULMIL10Technical data - mechanical design Dimensions (sensor head)10 x 15 x 45.5 mm Protection DIN EN 60529IP 66, IP 67Movement speed<5 m/s (resolution 5 µm) <10 m/s (resolution 10 µm) <25 m/s (resolution 25 µm)Working distance 0.1...0.6 mmMaterialHousing: zinc diecast, plated Operating temperature -40...+85 °CRelative humidityEN 60068-2-78:2010EN 60068-2-30:200593 % condensation permitted ResistanceDIN EN 60068-2-6Vibration 30 g, 10-2000 Hz DIN EN 60068-2-27 Shock 500 g, 6 ms Weight approx.130 gConnectionCable 2 mCable 0.3 m with connector M12Technical data - electrical ratings (HTL)Voltage supply 10...30 VDC Reverse polarity protection YesConsumption typ.20 mA (w/o load)Technical data - electrical ratings (TTL)Voltage supply 5 VDC ±5 %Consumption typ.30 mA (w/o load)Recommended cable terminationOn control side each channel pair 120 Ohmb j ec t t o m od i fi c a t i o n i n te c h n i c a n d d e s i g n . E r r o r s a n d o m i s s i o n s e x c e p t e d .MIL10Part number MIL10-S2...AReference signalN Without reference signal P Index signal (pole-periodic)Resolution00055 µm (4-times evaluation) 001010 µm (4-times evaluation) 002525 µm (4-times evaluation)Voltage supply / output stagesE 4.75...5.25 VDC / TTL/RS422, 6 channel N 10...30 VDC / HTL/push-pull, 6 channelConnection L Cable 2 mC Cable 0.3 m with connector M12, 8-pin, pin terminals, CCWb j ec t t o m od i fi c a t i o n i n te c h n i c a n d d e s i g n . E r r o r s a n d o m i s s i o n s e x c e p t e d .Cable or cable 0.3 m with connector M12Connector Core colour Signals Pin 1 white 0 V Pin 2 brown +Vs Pin 3 green A+Pin 4 yellow A-Pin 5 grey B+Pin 6 pink B-Pin 7 blue R+ (zero pulse)Pin 8redR- (zero pulse inv.)Cable screen: connected to sensor housing or connector M12 and sensor housing.Cable data: PUR 4 x 2 x 0.14 mm 2, shieldedBending radius: >50 mm (fix) / >100 mm (cable chain)Outer diameter: 6.3 mmOutput signalsTerminal assignmentMIL10Rotational or linear directionOutputs HTL/push-pull Output level High >+Vs -2.2 V Output level Low <0.7 V Load ≤20 mA Outputs TTL/RS422Output level High >2.4 V Output level Low <0.7 VLoad≤20 mATrigger level Recommended grounding conceptThe initializing time of the sensor is 50 ms. Output signals may not be processed during this time.General informationAccessoriesConnectors and cables 10146775Female connector M12, 8-pin, straight, without cable11170528Female connector M12, 8-pin, straight, shielded, 5 m cable (ESG 34FH0500GVS)11177375Female connector M12, 8-pin, straight, shielded, 10 m cable (ESG 34FH1000GVS)11091511Female connector M12, 8-pin, straight, shielded, 20 m cableb j ec t t o m od i fi c a t i o n i n te c h n i c a n d d e s i g n . E r r o r s a n d o m i s s i o n s e x c e p t e d .MIL10Working distanceAngular misalignmentDimensionsb j ec t t o m od i fi c a t i o n i n te c h n i c a n d d e s i g n . E r r o r s a n d o m i s s i o n s e x c e p t e d .MIL10Layers – magnetic tapeLayers – magnetic tape self-adhesiveTechnical data - magnetic tape Measuring range<50 m Pole length2 mmPrecision class ±40 µ (further upon request)Tape width 10 mmMaterialElastomer bounded tape on an stainless steel support Mounting Self-adhesive or self-mounting Bending radiusMin. 75 mmPart number 10128662MIL10-M402.00050.P10NN Magnetic tape 50 mm 10128663MIL10-M402.00150.P10NN Magnetic tape 150 mm 10128664MIL10-M402.00300.P10NN Magnetic tape 300 mm 11177271MIL10-M402.00500.P10NN Magnetic tape 500 mm 11181983MIL10-M402.01000.P10NN Magnetic tape 1 m 11177272MIL10-M402.05000.P10NN Magnetic tape 5 m 11177273MIL10-M402.10000.P10NN Magnetic tape 10 m 11177274MIL10-M402.25000.P10NN Magnetic tape roll 25 m11177276MIL10-M402.00050.P10TNMagnetic tape 50 mm, self-adhesive11173414MIL10-M402.00150.P10TNMagnetic tape 150 mm, self-adhesive 11177277MIL10-M402.00300.P10TNMagnetic tape 300 mm, self-adhesive 11177278MIL10-M402.00500.P10TNMagnetic tape 500 mm, self-adhesive 11177279MIL10-M402.01000.P10TNMagnetic tape 1 m, self-adhesive 11177290MIL10-M402.05000.P10TNMagnetic tape 5 m, self-adhesive 11177291MIL10-M402.10000.P10TNMagnetic tape 10 m, self-adhesive 11177292MIL10-M402.25000.P10TNMagnetic tape roll 25 m, self-adhesiveTolerance: ≤500 mm: ±0.5 mm; 500...1000 mm: ±2 mm >1000 mm: 0/+50 mm On request:Protection tape self-adhesive, stainless steel, 0.3 mm thickMagnetic tapes。

使用poi根据模版生成word文档，支持插入数据和图片

使⽤poi根据模版⽣成word⽂档，⽀持插⼊数据和图⽚⼀、制作word模版，${xxxx}是⼀会要替换的内容，最下⾯的表格是要插⼊数据，根据是否以$开头来判断是需要替换还是插⼊数据，注意如果是需要插⼊数据，制作的表格模版需要⼀⾏空⾏，也只能有⼀⾏空⾏，原因可以看我代码的逻辑，表格中${header} 和${hearder2}是放⼊需要替换的图⽚⼆、添加poi所需要的jar包⽂件，我⽤的maven对jar包进⾏管理<dependency><groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId><artifactId>poi</artifactId><version>3.11</version></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId><artifactId>poi-ooxml</artifactId><version>3.11</version></dependency>三、由于poi⾃⾝bug,会出现图⽚⽆法显⽰问题，这⾥需要⾃定义⼀个类继承XWPFDocument类，接下来使⽤的都是我们⾃⼰创建的这个类来操作word对象，这个类对XWPFDocument进⾏了继承，所以不⽤担⼼会有什么问题package cuu.project.myUtils;import org.apache.poi.openxml4j.opc.OPCPackage;import ermodel.XWPFDocument;import ermodel.XWPFParagraph;import org.apache.xmlbeans.XmlException;import org.apache.xmlbeans.XmlToken;import org.openxmlformats.schemas.drawingml.x2006.main.CTNonVisualDrawingProps;import org.openxmlformats.schemas.drawingml.x2006.main.CTPositiveSize2D;import org.openxmlformats.schemas.drawingml.x2006.wordprocessingDrawing.CTInline;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.InputStream;/********************************************* @Package cuu.project.myUtils* @Author duan* @Date 2018/3/29 17:55* @Version V1.0*******************************************/public class CustomXWPFDocument extends XWPFDocument {public CustomXWPFDocument(InputStream in) throws IOException {super(in);}public CustomXWPFDocument() {super();}public CustomXWPFDocument(OPCPackage pkg) throws IOException {super(pkg);}/*** @param id* @param width 宽* @param height ⾼* @param paragraph 段落*/public void createPicture(int id, int width, int height,XWPFParagraph paragraph) {final int EMU = 9525;width *= EMU;height *= EMU;String blipId = getAllPictures().get(id).getPackageRelationship().getId();CTInline inline = paragraph.createRun().getCTR().addNewDrawing().addNewInline();String picXml = ""+"<a:graphic xmlns:a=\"/drawingml/2006/main\">"+" <a:graphicData uri=\"/drawingml/2006/picture\">" +" <pic:pic xmlns:pic=\"/drawingml/2006/picture\">" +" <pic:nvPicPr>" + " <pic:cNvPr id=\""+ id+"\" name=\"Generated\"/>"+" <pic:cNvPicPr/>"+" </pic:nvPicPr>"+" <pic:blipFill>"+" <a:blip r:embed=\""+ blipId+"\" xmlns:r=\"/officeDocument/2006/relationships\"/>" +" <a:stretch>"+" <a:fillRect/>"+" </a:stretch>"+" </pic:blipFill>"+" <pic:spPr>"+" <a:xfrm>"+" <a:off x=\"0\" y=\"0\"/>"+" <a:ext cx=\""+ width+"\" cy=\""+ height+"\"/>"+" </a:xfrm>"+" <a:prstGeom prst=\"rect\">"+" <a:avLst/>"+" </a:prstGeom>"+" </pic:spPr>"+" </pic:pic>"+" </a:graphicData>" + "</a:graphic>";inline.addNewGraphic().addNewGraphicData();XmlToken xmlToken = null;try{xmlToken = XmlToken.Factory.parse(picXml);}catch(XmlException xe) {xe.printStackTrace();}inline.set(xmlToken);inline.setDistT(0);inline.setDistB(0);inline.setDistL(0);inline.setDistR(0);CTPositiveSize2D extent = inline.addNewExtent();extent.setCx(width);extent.setCy(height);CTNonVisualDrawingProps docPr = inline.addNewDocPr();docPr.setId(id);docPr.setName("图⽚"+ id);docPr.setDescr("测试");}}四、接下来就是导出word的⼯具类了package cuu.project.myUtils;import ermodel.*;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;import java.io.*;import java.util.Iterator;import java.util.List;import java.util.Map;import java.util.regex.Matcher;import java.util.regex.Pattern;/******************************************** 通过word模板⽣成新的word⼯具类* @Package cuu.project.myUtils* @Author duan* @Date 2018/3/29 14:24* @Version V1.0*******************************************/public class WordUtils {/*** 根据模板⽣成word* @param path 模板的路径* @param params 需要替换的参数* @param tableList 需要插⼊的参数* @param fileName ⽣成word⽂件的⽂件名* @param response*/public void getWord(String path, Map<String, Object> params, List<String[]> tableList, String fileName, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception { File file = new File(path);InputStream is = new FileInputStream(file);CustomXWPFDocument doc = new CustomXWPFDocument(is);this.replaceInPara(doc, params); //替换⽂本⾥⾯的变量this.replaceInTable(doc, params, tableList); //替换表格⾥⾯的变量OutputStream os = response.getOutputStream();response.setHeader("Content-disposition", "attachment; filename=" + fileName);doc.write(os);this.close(os);this.close(is);}/*** 替换段落⾥⾯的变量* @param doc 要替换的⽂档* @param params 参数*/private void replaceInPara(CustomXWPFDocument doc, Map<String, Object> params) {Iterator<XWPFParagraph> iterator = doc.getParagraphsIterator();XWPFParagraph para;while (iterator.hasNext()) {para = iterator.next();this.replaceInPara(para, params, doc);}}/*** 替换段落⾥⾯的变量** @param para 要替换的段落* @param params 参数*/private void replaceInPara(XWPFParagraph para, Map<String, Object> params, CustomXWPFDocument doc) {List<XWPFRun> runs;Matcher matcher;if (this.matcher(para.getParagraphText()).find()) {runs = para.getRuns();int start = -1;int end = -1;String str = "";for (int i = 0; i < runs.size(); i++) {XWPFRun run = runs.get(i);String runText = run.toString();if ('$' == runText.charAt(0) && '{' == runText.charAt(1)) {start = i;}if ((start != -1)) {str += runText;}if ('}' == runText.charAt(runText.length() - 1)) {if (start != -1) {end = i;break;}}}for (int i = start; i <= end; i++) {para.removeRun(i);i--;end--;}for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : params.entrySet()) {String key = entry.getKey();if (str.indexOf(key) != -1) {Object value = entry.getValue();if (value instanceof String) {str = str.replace(key, value.toString());para.createRun().setText(str, 0);break;} else if (value instanceof Map) {str = str.replace(key, "");Map pic = (Map) value;int width = Integer.parseInt(pic.get("width").toString());int height = Integer.parseInt(pic.get("height").toString());int picType = getPictureType(pic.get("type").toString());byte[] byteArray = (byte[]) pic.get("content");ByteArrayInputStream byteInputStream = new ByteArrayInputStream(byteArray);try {//int ind = doc.addPicture(byteInputStream,picType);//doc.createPicture(ind, width , height,para);doc.addPictureData(byteInputStream, picType);doc.createPicture(doc.getAllPictures().size() - 1, width, height, para);para.createRun().setText(str, 0);break;} catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}}}}/*** 为表格插⼊数据，⾏数不够添加新⾏** @param table 需要插⼊数据的表格* @param tableList 插⼊数据集合*/private static void insertTable(XWPFTable table, List<String[]> tableList) {//创建⾏,根据需要插⼊的数据添加新⾏，不处理表头for (int i = 0; i < tableList.size(); i++) {XWPFTableRow row = table.createRow();}//遍历表格插⼊数据List<XWPFTableRow> rows = table.getRows();int length = table.getRows().size();for (int i = 1; i < length - 1; i++) {XWPFTableRow newRow = table.getRow(i);List<XWPFTableCell> cells = newRow.getTableCells();for (int j = 0; j < cells.size(); j++) {XWPFTableCell cell = cells.get(j);String s = tableList.get(i - 1)[j];cell.setText(s);}}}/*** 替换表格⾥⾯的变量* @param doc 要替换的⽂档* @param params 参数*/private void replaceInTable(CustomXWPFDocument doc, Map<String, Object> params, List<String[]> tableList) { Iterator<XWPFTable> iterator = doc.getTablesIterator();XWPFTable table;List<XWPFTableRow> rows;List<XWPFTableCell> cells;List<XWPFParagraph> paras;while (iterator.hasNext()) {table = iterator.next();if (table.getRows().size() > 1) {//判断表格是需要替换还是需要插⼊，判断逻辑有$为替换，表格⽆$为插⼊if (this.matcher(table.getText()).find()) {rows = table.getRows();for (XWPFTableRow row : rows) {cells = row.getTableCells();for (XWPFTableCell cell : cells) {paras = cell.getParagraphs();for (XWPFParagraph para : paras) {this.replaceInPara(para, params, doc);}}}} else {insertTable(table, tableList); //插⼊数据}}}}/*** 正则匹配字符串** @param str* @return*/private Matcher matcher(String str) {Pattern pattern = pile("\\$\\{(.+?)\\}", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE);Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(str);return matcher;}/*** 根据图⽚类型，取得对应的图⽚类型代码** @param picType* @return int*/private static int getPictureType(String picType) {int res = CustomXWPFDocument.PICTURE_TYPE_PICT;if (picType != null) {if (picType.equalsIgnoreCase("png")) {res = CustomXWPFDocument.PICTURE_TYPE_PNG;} else if (picType.equalsIgnoreCase("dib")) {res = CustomXWPFDocument.PICTURE_TYPE_DIB;} else if (picType.equalsIgnoreCase("emf")) {res = CustomXWPFDocument.PICTURE_TYPE_EMF;} else if (picType.equalsIgnoreCase("jpg") || picType.equalsIgnoreCase("jpeg")) {res = CustomXWPFDocument.PICTURE_TYPE_JPEG;} else if (picType.equalsIgnoreCase("wmf")) {res = CustomXWPFDocument.PICTURE_TYPE_WMF;}}return res;}/*** 将输⼊流中的数据写⼊字节数组** @param in* @return*/public static byte[] inputStream2ByteArray(InputStream in, boolean isClose) {byte[] byteArray = null;try {int total = in.available();byteArray = new byte[total];in.read(byteArray);} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();} finally {if (isClose) {try {in.close();} catch (Exception e2) {e2.getStackTrace();}}}return byteArray;}/*** 关闭输⼊流** @param is*/private void close(InputStream is) {if (is != null) {try {is.close();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}/*** 关闭输出流** @param os*/private void close(OutputStream os) {if (os != null) {try {os.close();} catch (IOException e) {e.printStackTrace();}}}}五、最后就是进⾏测试了，我是⽤的是ssm框架，这⾥放出测试代码@RequestMapping("exportWordData")public void exportWordData(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response){WordUtils wordUtil=new WordUtils();Map<String, Object> params = new HashMap<String, Object>();params.put("${position}", "java开发");params.put("${name}", "段然涛");params.put("${sex}", "男");params.put("${national}", "汉族");params.put("${birthday}", "⽣⽇");params.put("${address}", "许昌");params.put("${height}", "165cm");params.put("${biYeDate}", "1994-02-03");params.put("${landscape}", "团员");params.put("${zhuanYe}", "社会⼯作");params.put("${xueLi}", "本科");params.put("${school}", "江西科技师范⼤学");params.put("${phone}", "177");params.put("${eMail}", "157");try{Map<String,Object> header = new HashMap<String, Object>();header.put("width", 100);header.put("height", 150);header.put("type", "jpg");header.put("content", WordUtils.inputStream2ByteArray(new FileInputStream("C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/jar包/11.jpg"), true)); params.put("${header}",header);Map<String,Object> header2 = new HashMap<String, Object>();header2.put("width", 100);header2.put("height", 150);header2.put("type", "jpg");header2.put("content", WordUtils.inputStream2ByteArray(new FileInputStream("C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/jar包/22.jpg"), true)); params.put("${header2}",header2);List<String[]> testList = new ArrayList<String[]>();testList.add(new String[]{"1","1AA","1BB","1CC"});testList.add(new String[]{"2","2AA","2BB","2CC"});testList.add(new String[]{"3","3AA","3BB","3CC"});testList.add(new String[]{"4","4AA","4BB","4CC"});String path="C:/Users/Administrator/Desktop/jar包/mobanFile.docx"; //模板⽂件位置String fileName= new String("测试⽂档.docx".getBytes("UTF-8"),"iso-8859-1"); //⽣成word⽂件的⽂件名 wordUtil.getWord(path,params,testList,fileName,response);}catch(Exception e){e.printStackTrace();}}六、最后⽣成的word⽂档。

RPS API 2.2 说明书

1 IntroductionThe RPS API (Application Programming Interface) provides a RESTful interface for customers to integrate their applications with the configuration data stored in the RPS Database. This document describes how to install and configure RPS API in a MS Windows development environment.2 Feature OverviewThe main service provides the RESTful Web API to search for panel attributes by control panel GUID. The control panel GUID is a unique ID that identifies a panel.2.1 Panel, Area and Point attributesThe RPS API allows for secured READ ONLY access to select Panel, Area and Point attributes.Panel attributes include:•Panel GUID •Supported Languages • Panel LanguageArea attributes include:•Area Number •Area On property •Area Name Text •Exit Delay • Force Arm/Bypass MaxPoint attributes include:•Point Number •Area •Profile • TextPoint Profile attributes include:•Bypassable •Entry Delay •Point Type •Response •Circuit StyleApplication Note RPS-API V2.2 (build .27914)2.2 Panel Connection, 3rd Party Integration/Automation attributesThe RPS API allows for secured READ and WRITE access to select Panel Connection, 3rd PartyIntegration/Automation, and Panel User Assignments attributes.Panel Connection attributes include:•RPS Panel Data - View: Network IP details•RPS Panel Data - View: Cellular details•RPS Panel Data - View: Cloud ID details3rd Party Integration/Automation attributes include:•Automation Device•Automation PasscodeUser AssignmentsCreate, reset or delete users or individual User attributes include:•Passcode•Authority Level•User Name•User Group•Card Data•User Number3System requirements3.1Windows systemThe following are the minimum requirements for your environment:•Windows .NET 4.5 framework and higher•Windows 8, Windows 10•Windows Server 2012 R2 and higher• 4 GB RAM3.2RPS (Remote Programming Software)Install RPS API version 2.2.27914 on a machine that has RPS version 6.11 or higher installed. RPS API does not require the RPS client application after installation, but uses the configured connection to the RPS database.RPS minimum version supported for use with RPS API versions 2.2.27914 or higher:•RPS 6.11 or higher to support full API and panel operations, including TCP Panel connections.•RPS 6.04 to RPS 6.10 to support full API features with panel connections limited to and requiring UDP protocol.3.3Supported control panelsRPS-API supports the following control panels:•B9512G, B8512G•B6512, B5512, B4512, B3512•D9412GV4, D7412GV4•D9412GV3,D7412GV33.4Supported connectionsThe RPS-API Scheduler service supports the following RPS connections:•IP•Cellular•Cloud3.5Supported Network ProtocolsWhen opening a panel connection, RPS API version 2.1 (and higher) uses the System Configuration Settings saved in RPS. Using RPS version 6.07 (and higher), operators select one of three options:•UDP Only•TCP with fallback to UDP•TCP OnlyUsing RPS version 6.06 and earlier, RPS API will continue using the default UDP Only setting.Note: Using RPS version 6.10 and lower with RPS API 2.2.27914 and higher will result in failed TCP connections to panel systems and requires configuring either the UDP Only or TCP with fallback to UDP setting.3.6Required Security ProtocolRPS API version 2.2 and higher requires HTTPS.4InstallationIf your RPS API version is lower than version 2.2.27914, remove the previous version to enable HTTPS later.Note: Version 2.2.27914 and higher only supports HTTPS to secure communications.Perform the following steps to install RPS API:1.Unzip the Bosch_RPS_API_Setup_xxx.zip file.2.Copy the installer files (Bosch.RPS.APISetup.msi and setup.exe) to the same folder on a localcomputer that has RPS 6.04 or higher installed.3.Right-click setup.exe and select Run as administrator to start the Bosch RPS API Service install wizard.4.Click Next and follow the steps in the wizard to perform the installation.5.When the installation successfully completes, access the https://<hostname>:9000/swagger/ui/index URLin a browser to open the Swagger documentation web page and verify that the RPS-API is running. Notethat <hostname> is the computer name where the API is installed.4.1 HTTPS Configuration ToolThe RPS API 2.2.27914 installation provides an HTTPS configuration tool guide you through the HTTPS set up.1.In the configuration tool, edit these entries as needed:•Host Name - default value = 0.0.0.0. Change this entry when you want to have a specific domain name for RPS API, which relates to the DNS/Router settings. For more information, reference the netsh command inWindows. You can also use this command to manually set up HTTPS for RPS API. Avoid using localhost or127.0.0.1 for the host name as it makes RPS API inaccessible from another machine.•Port Number - default value = 9000. The entry port number for RPS API.•Select certificate from trust center - if you have a certificate for the Web server, use this entry to select an installed certificate from LocalMachine/Personal repository. Select More choices to select a certificatefrom a list. Once selected, the thumbprint is shown in the certificate field.2.Select Generate a self-signed certificate. Make sure that you enter the password for the certificate, as thepassword field cannot be empty.3.Click to process. The configuration tool generates a server certificate for the RPS API set up. Whenfinished, a success message displays. Click OK.If you already set up HTTPS for RPS API or if you want to manually set it up, click to exit theconfiguration tool.Self-signed certificate and untrusted CA warningWhen you install the RPS API version 2.2.27914 or higher and select to generate a self-signed certificate, the installation will install the certificate and set up RPS API using the HTTPS netsh command. On the client side, the self-signed certificate is not issued from a trusted authority, so browsers or your application will receive anuntrusted CA (Certificate Authority) warning.To fix the untrusted CA warning, install the self-signed certificate on the client machine and modify yourapplication to ignore the warning.4.2 Verify HTTPS is enabledWith administrator permission, open a Windows command prompt. Type and execute the commands:sh http show sslcertsh http show urlaclAfter the certificate is installed, you might need the certificate for your clients. Locate the generated certificates (if you selected the generate self-signed certificate option) in this path:%appdata%\Roaming\Bosch RPS APIFor example:c:\users\<name>\AppData\Roaming\Bosch RPS API)5Enable HTTPSRPS API version 2.2.27914 and higher only supports HTTPS to secure communications. During the installation, the HTTPS configuration tool will guide you through the set up of HTTPS. See section 4.1 HTTPS Configuration Tool for information.To enable HTTPS for RPS API, you must have an SSL certificate, and then install the certificate to the local machine.The following files are available for you to use:•Setup_HTTPS_RPSApi.ps1 (MS PowerShell)•Setup_HTTPS_RPSApi.bat (batch file)After you install the certificate, use the batch file (Setup_HTTPS_RPSApi.bat) to enable HTTPS for RPS API.1.Install the SSL certificate to LocalMachine\root.2.Stop the RPS API service.3.Change the EnableHTTPS configuration to 1 inHKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Wow6432Node\Bosch\RPSAPI\Setup.4.Copy the thumbprint of the certificate.5.Paste the thumbprint into $certHash=’’<thumbprint>’’ in either the Setup_HTTPS_RPSApi.ps1 orSetup_HTTPS_RPSApi.bat file.6.If RPS API is not running in port 9000, change the $port setting in either Setup_HTTPS_RPSApi.ps1 orSetup_HTTPS_RPSApi.bat file.7.Run Setup_HTTPS_RPSApi.ps1 or Setup_HTTPS_RPSApi.bat with administrator permission.8.Start the RPS API service.Note: If the certificate is not signed, the browser or Postman will block the connection. To verify the function,disable the HTTPS verify function in the browser or client application.6Test Sample CodeThe callback server and client sample code uses Visual Studio 2015 to build the source code.Configure the Callback server:1.Start the callback server.e /rpsapi/v1/subscriptions to set up the callback URL.For Example:{"url": "http://localhost:8083/api/callback", "headers": [{}],"eventType": "ALL"}3.The console receives a notification from RPS API as shown in the following graphic:Configure the Client:1.Open the RPS-API_Client project and modify the _webServiceBaseUrl in Program.cs for your PRS APIsetting on the machine.2.Modify _dirPath to change the location where JSON files are saved.3.Start the client to automatically get all panel information in your RPS DB. Also, combine theUsers/Areas/Points/Point Profile attributes in JSON files and statistics information.7Error logRPS API writes installation and run time information, warnings, and errors to the Windows Event Log (Bosch RPS RestAPI Log). Use the Windows Event Viewer to view this information.8Error status definitionsThe tables in this section contain HTTP and RPS error reference information.8.1HTTP error codesHTTP Status HTTP Methods Error Message(200) OK ALL SUCCESS – the entity body contains a representation ofthe requested resource.(400) BAD REQUEST ALL Client Error – the request cannot be fulfilled due to badsyntax(401) UNAUTHORIZED ALL Client Error – the request requires user authentication.(403) FORBIDDEN ALL Client Error – the user is not allowed to perform therequest.8.2 RPS API error codesError Code Error Message(0) SUCCESS Request successful.(20010) PANEL_NO_LOCK Panel is not locked.(20020) PANEL_PENDING Panel has pending updates.(20030) PANEL_PROCESSING Panel is synchronizing.(40110) UNAUTHORIZED_ACCESS Authorization has been denied for this request(40310) USER_HAS_NO_PERMISSION User does not have permission to operate, please check thesecurity level(40320) IP_ADDR_BLOCKING P Address is not allowed to access RPS API.(40050) NOT_SUPPORTED_SETTING RPS API Command is not supported by this panel model.(40051) SETTING_INVALID Setting is invalid and cannot be applied.(40052) SETTING_OUT_OF_RANGE Setting is out of range and cannot be applied.(40053) SETTING_CONFLICT Setting conflicts with another configured setting and cannot beapplied.(40054) ACTION_INVALID JSON format is invalid and cannot be parsed or applied.Error Code Error Message(40055) RPSAPI_START_SERVICE_FAILED Starting the RPS API service failed.(40056) RPSAPI_READ_REGISTRY_FAILED Reading the RPS API registry failed.(40057) RPSAPI_WRITE_ACTIVITY_FAILED Writing the RPS API activity log failed.(40058) FILE_NOT_FOUND Cannot find specific file.(40060) RPS_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED This version of RPS is not supported, please update. (40062) DB_OPERATE_FAILED Unable to connect to the database, please check theRPS settings.(40070) PANEL_DOES_NOT_EXIST Panel does not exist, please check panel GUID or name. (40071) PANEL_OFF_LINE Unable to connect to the panel.(40072) PANEL_READ_ONLY Panel is locked by another operator.(40073) PANEL_NOT_SUPPORT Panel is not supported, please check panel GUID or name. (40074) AREA_NOT_EXISTS Selected area does not exist in this control panel. (40075) POINT_NOT_EXISTS Selected point does not exist in this control panel. (40076) USER_NOT_EXISTS Selected user does not exist in this control panel. (40077) PANEL_INTERNAL_EXCEPTION Detected panel internal exception.(40078) PANEL_DATA_LOCKED Configuration data for panel is locked.(40079) POINTPROFILE_DOES_NOT_EXIST Selected point profile does not exist on this panel. (40080) DATA_TYPE_MISMATCH Requested data type does not match.(40081) DATA_NOT_FOUND Requested data is not found.(40082) DATA_ALREADY_EXISTS Data already exists.(40083) PANEL_BUSY Panel is updating, in use by another user or application. (40084) PANEL_CONNECT_RETRY Panel may not be able to connect, please retry. (40085) OPERATOR_NOT_EXISTS Operator setting was not found in database. (40086) PASSCODE_NOT_MATCH Requested passcode does not match.(40087) SERVICE_STOPPED Service is not running.(40088) SERVICE_BUSY Service is busy.(40099) UNKNOWN_ERROR Unknown Error, please check the event log.9 Troubleshooting9.1 RPS API is updating the old RPS DatabaseIf the RPS database is changed using the RPS system configuration utility, the API service(s) will require a reboot to connect to the new RPS database.9.2 Cannot Edit User0 AuthoritiesUser WRITE capabilities are restricted for User0 to ensure system access and authorities for this default user are maintained. For User0, Passcode, User Name, User Group and Language are available for edit.9.3 Deleting users fails when passcode is left blankWhen deleting a user, it is possible to include the user’s passcode for verification. If the passcode is not going to be used, the full “user: { }” block should be omitted and only the user “index” number should be included in the panelUserList array.For example, if deleting user 2, the body of the request should look like:9.4 RPS API is not connecting to panels using TCP as expectedIf Network Protocol details are changed using the RPS system configuration utility, the API service(s) will requirea restart to connect using the new RPS settings.Connections using TCP require control panel firmware 3.07 or higher and B465 communicator firmware 2.01 or higher. For environments that include lower firmware versions, connections will require the RPS NetworkProtocol set to TCP with fallback to UD or UDP only.9.5 RPS API requests to set Automation results in a "Value out of Range" errorSetting Automation requires that the target panel system support the configuration settings that are applied.Automation settings for GV3 panel systems are not available or supported.9.6 Client using HTTP to connect to RPS API 2.2.27914 version cannot reach serverIf the client used HTTP to connect to the RPS API version 2.2.27914, it will be unable to reach the server.RPS API version 2.2.27914 and higher requires HTTPS.9.7 Connections to panels fail with TCP authentication messageUpdate RPS to version 6.11 or higher or select the UDP only or TCP with fallback to UDP setting.9.8 Cloud panel not updatingIf a user cannot connect to the Cloud panel, then the Windows service is unable to connect to CBS via HTTPS. The user must have the proper permissions to use HTTPS or a specific account can be configured for the RPS API service. See Figure 1 and 2 on the next page for examples.•If the RPS API cannot update the Cloud panel, make sure that the Bosch RPS RestAPI Service has the proper permissions to use HTTPS.Figure 14.If the default Local System account does not have the correct permissions, you can configure the RPSAPI service to use a specific a ccount.Figure 29.9 Self-signed certificate storageRPS API self-signed certificates are stored in this folder location:C:\users\<name>\AppData\Roaming\Bosch RPS API9.10 Remove self-signed certificatesTo remove sslceret and urlacl binding to the RPS API, do 1 of these solutions:•Solution 1 - manually use netsh to configure the sslcert and urlacl.•Solution 2 - with administrator permission, access the Windows command prompt and run the HttsConfiguraiton.exe with the uninstall parameter:9.11 Delete certificates to downgrade RPS and RPS APIDowngrading RPS API/RPS is not typically recommended. If there is a reason to downgrade RPS to a version lower than 6.11 and RPS API version 2.2.27914, use the steps in this section to manually remove the control panel connection certificates.To remove certificates used for panel connection:1.Open Windows search and type Run.2.Type mmc and click OK.3.In the File menu of the Console window, select Add/Remove Snap-in.4.Select Certificates and click Add.5.Select Computer account.6.Click Finish and OK. The application will show the installed certificates.7.In the tree, right-click Certificates (Local computer), select Find Certificates.8.Search for *************.com in the Issued by field. There should be 2 certificates found.9.Right-click the certificates and select Delete to remove them.Note: New certificates will be installed with RPS version 6.11 or higher and RPS API version 2.2.x orhigher.9.12 Updated panel IP address is not being used during the panel connectionIf you change a panel IP address and then immediately connect to the panel, in some cases the API will continue to use the previous IP address of the panel. To correct this, restart the RPS API.Bosch Security Systems B.V. Torenallee 495617 BA EindhovenNetherlands© Bosch Security Systems B.V., 2021。

论文的response

论文的response前段时间投稿了一篇综述，在收到意见的时候人差点背过去，小小大概30多条意见，当场裂开。

历尽艰辛，修改好论文，写好Response，发给导师看，结果被导师劈头盖脸一顿骂：你这个意见回复，审稿人看都不用看你的论文，直接给你拒掉！由于是第一次回复审稿意见，出现这样的状况，实属难免。

在导师的悉心指导下，这几天终于完成了投稿。

结合这段时间的经历和网上关于Response回复的博客，总结了一些有关于回复审稿意见的技巧和方法，希望可以给读者们一些启发！步骤：1.仔细阅读审稿人的每一条意见，并对审稿意见进行分类；2.结合自己的论文，仔细揣摩审稿人的意图，尝试记录下每一个意见的解决方案；3.依据审稿意见修改论文；4.撰写Response。

回复原则：1. Response开头接下来简述自己对文章的改动：自己现在来看觉得写的简单了些，为了获得审稿人的好感，应该写的充实一些，建议大家对自己的主要修改进行提炼，写于最后：In our revisions, we paid specific attention to 1).... , 2)......, 3)......., and 4).......2. 接下来是针对审稿人的具体意见进行回复3. We gratefully thanks for the precious time the reviewer spent making constructive remarks.4. We feel sorry for the inconvenience brought to the reviewer.5. Thank you so much for your careful check.6. We totally understand the reviewer's concern.7. Thank you for pointing out this problem in manuscript.9. Thank you for the above suggestions.10. It is really true as Reviewer suggested that……11. We are very sorry for our negligence of ……...12. We he re-wri tten this part according to the Reviewer’s suggestion13. We are very sorry for our incorrect writing ……...15. As Reviewer suggested that……16. Considering the Reviewer’s suggestion, we he ……这个时候一般会出现审稿人对于整篇论文的一个评价，只要你的论文有一定的价值，都会收到审稿人的一些肯定的描述：那么这个时候我们要感谢审稿人对你的肯定：Response:当审稿人觉得你的论文没有太多的价值，他想reject你的论文的时候：In this manuscript, the authors proposed a survey study, reviewing the applications of ***, in the framework of ****. Thisis a critical topic and the number of research studies that came outin the last 2 years is immense; however, the number of recent papers included in this survey are quite low, which negatively effects the timeliness/currentness of the study. There are many critical issues related to the current state of the manuscript. Below,I list my specific concerns/issues:大家也不用慌，只需要感谢他的意见就好：Response:好的，到了这一步，我们就要开始直面恐惧，那就是逐条逐点的回复审稿人提出的具体的意见。

跨运行分布计算器：独立伯努利试验中跨度和最长运行的联合分布说明书

Package‘crossrun’October12,2022Version0.1.1Title Joint Distribution of Number of Crossings and Longest RunDescription Joint distribution of number of crossings and thelongest run in a series of independent Bernoulli trials.Thecomputations uses an iterative procedure where computationsare based on results from shorter series.The procedureconditions on the start value and partitions by furtherconditioning on the position of theﬁrst crossing(or none).Depends R(>=3.5)License GPL-3URL https:///ToreWentzel-Larsen/crossrunEncoding UTF-8LazyData trueImports Rmpfr(>=0.7-1)RoxygenNote7.1.2Suggests knitr,rmarkdownVignetteBuilder knitrNeedsCompilation noAuthor Tore Wentzel-Larsen[aut,cre],Jacob Anhøj[aut]Maintainer Tore Wentzel-Larsen<****************************>Repository CRANDate/Publication2022-04-1307:32:33UTCR topics documented:boxprobt (2)clshift (3)crossrunauto (3)crossrunbin (4)12boxprobtcrossrunchange (5)crossrunem (6)crossrunemcont (7)crossrunshift (8)crossrunsymm (8)cumsumm (9)cumsummcol (10)exactbin (10)joint100.6 (11)joint100symm (11)joint14.6 (12)joint14em (12)joint14symm (13)joint60.6 (14)joint60em (14)joint60symm (15)simclbin (15)simclem (16)Index17 boxprobt Box Cumulative SumsDescriptionA box cumulative sum is deﬁned as the cumulative sum over a lower left rectangle.This functionis primarily for use when the components are point probabilities for the number of crossings C and the longest run L,then component(c,l)in the result is the probability P(C≥c,L≤l).Usageboxprobt(mtrx)Argumentsmtrx mpfr arrayValuempfr arrayclshift3 Examplesnill<-Rmpfr::mpfr(0,120)one<-Rmpfr::mpfr(1,120)two<-Rmpfr::mpfr(2,120)contents<-c(one,nill,nill,one,one,one,two,two,two)mtrx3<-Rmpfr::mpfr2array(contents,dim=c(3,3))print(mtrx3)print(boxprobt(mtrx3))clshift Number of Crossings and Longest RunDescriptionAuxiliary function for simclbin,computing the number of crossings(type=0)or longest run(type=2) in a sequence of independent normal observations.Crossings and runs are related to whether the observations are above a shift.Usageclshift(seri,shift=0,type=0)Argumentsseri numeric;seri a sequence of random drawsshift numeric;shift for the observatoobstype numeric;0number of crossings,1longest runValuenumber of crossings or longest run,numericcrossrunauto Joint Distribution for Crossings and Runs,autocorrelated SequenceDescriptionJoint probability distribution for the number of crossings C and the longest run L in a sequence of n autocorrelated Bernoulli observations with success probability p.To enhance precision,results are stored in mpfr arrays and the probabilities are multiplied by m n−1for a multiplier m.4crossrunbinUsagecrossrunauto(nmax=100,prob=0.5,changeprob=0.5,mult=2,prec=120,printn=FALSE)Argumentsnmax max sequence length.prob success probability p.changeprob unrestricted change probability.If p≥0.5,probability of changing to success, if not probability of changing to failure.mult multiplier for joint probabilities.prec mpft precision.printn logical for progress output.Valuelist of joint probabilities.Examples#p=0.6,independencecr10.6<-crossrunbin(nmax=10,prob=0.6,printn=TRUE)cra10.6<-crossrunauto(nmax=10,prob=0.6,changeprob=.6,printn=TRUE)Rmpfr::asNumeric(cr10.6$pt[[10]])Rmpfr::asNumeric(cr10.6$pt[[10]])Rmpfr::asNumeric(cr10.6$pt[[10]])-Rmpfr::asNumeric(cra10.6$pt[[10]])#equal#p=0.6,some dependencecr10.6<-crossrunbin(nmax=10,prob=0.6,printn=TRUE)cra10.6.u.5<-crossrunauto(nmax=10,prob=0.6,changeprob=.5,printn=TRUE)round(Rmpfr::asNumeric(cr10.6$pt[[10]]),1)round(Rmpfr::asNumeric(cra10.6.u.5$pt[[10]]),1)#not the samecrossrunbin Joint Distribution for Crossings and RunsDescriptionJoint probability distribution for the number of crossings C and the longest run L in a sequence of n independent Bernoulli observations with success probability p.To enhance precision,results are stored in mpfr arrays and the probabilities are multiplied by m n−1for a multiplier m.crossrunchange5Usagecrossrunbin(nmax=100,prob=0.5,mult=2,prec=120,printn=FALSE) Argumentsnmax max sequence length.prob success probability.mult multiplier for joint probabilities.prec mpft precision.printn logical for progress output.Valuelist of joint probabilities.Examplescrb10.6<-crossrunbin(nmax=10,prob=.6,printn=TRUE)print(crb10.6$pt[[10]])crossrunchange Joint Distribution for Crossings and Runs,Varying Success Probabil-ity.DescriptionJoint probability distribution for the number of crossings C and the longest run L in a sequence of n independent Bernoulli observations with p ossibly varying success probability.To enhance preci-sion,results are stored in mpfr arrays and the probabilities are multiplied by m n−1for a multiplier m.Usagecrossrunchange(nmax=100,prob=rep(0.5,100),mult=2,prec=120,printn=FALSE)Argumentsnmax max sequence length.prob success probabilities.mult multiplier for joint probabilities.prec mpft precision.printn logical for progress output.6crossrunem Valuelist pt of joint probabilities.Cumulative probabilities qt within each row are also included.Further, mostly for code checking,lists pat and qat conditional on starting with a success,and pbt and qbt conditional of starting with a failure,are included.Examplesprob10<-c(rep(.5,5),rep(.7,5))crchange10<-crossrunchange(nmax=10,prob=prob10,printn=TRUE)print(crchange10$pt[[10]])crossrunem Joint Distribution for Crossings and Runs Using the Empirical Me-dian.DescriptionJoint probability distribution for the number of crossings C and the longest run L in a sequence of n Bernoulli observations where the number of successes isﬁxed at m,m between0and n.Forﬁxed n,the joint distribution is computed for all m,this makes the computation demanding in terms of time and storage requirements.The joint distribution is computed separately for sequences where theﬁrst observation is,or is not,a success.The results are mainly intended for use when n is even and m=n/2,but computation in this case requires that all distributions are computed previously for all m,for all shorter sequences(lower n).In the case of even n and m=n/2,the distributions for sequences starting or not with a success are identical,and only the distribution among sequences starting with a success is used.In that case,this may be interpreted as the joint distribution for sequences around the empirical median.Usagecrossrunem(nmax=100,prec=120,printn=FALSE)Argumentsnmax max sequence length.prec mpft precision.printn logical for progress output.Valuenﬁ,number of sequences with m successes,starting with a success,and nfn,number of sequences with m successes,not starting with a success.Three-dimensional Rmpfr arrays for each n up to nmax,with dimensions n(C=0to n-1),n(L=1to n)and n+1(m=0to n).For n even and m=n/2, only nﬁ,and the part corresponding to C=1to n-1and L=1and m=n/2is non-zero and should be used.crossrunemcont7 Examplescrem14<-crossrunem(nmax=14,printn=TRUE)Rmpfr::asNumeric(crem14$nfi[[14]][,,"m=7"])#subsets of size7=14/2#restricted to possible values of C and LRmpfr::asNumeric(crem14$nfi[[14]][-1,1:7,"m=7"])#same as stored data joint14emRmpfr::asNumeric(crem14$nfn[[14]][-1,1:7,"m=7"])#the same#subsets of sizes different from14/2#size4,first observation includedRmpfr::asNumeric(crem14$nfi[[14]][,,"m=4"])#size14-4=10,first observation not includedRmpfr::asNumeric(crem14$nfn[[14]][,,"m=10"])#the samecrossrunemcont Continuation of an existing sequence of joint probabilities for cross-ings and longest run,based on the empirical median.DescriptionContinuation of an existing sequence of the number of crossings C and the longest run L in a sequence of n independent continuous observations classiﬁed as above or below the empirical me-dian.To enhance precision,results are stored in mpfr arrays and the probabilities are multiplied by choose(n,m)/2where m=n/2,even n assumed.The probabilities are integers in this representation.Usagecrossrunemcont(emstart,n1=61,nmax=100,prec=120,printn=FALSE)Argumentsemstart existing sequencen1sequence length for theﬁrst new case addedcnmax max sequence length.prec mpft precision.printn logical for including progress output.Valuenﬁ,number of sequences with m successes,starting with a success,and nfn,number of sequences with m successes,not starting with a success.8crossrunsymm crossrunshift wrapper for crossrunbin,success probability=pnorm(shift).Descriptionwrapper for crossrunbin,success probability=pnorm(shift).Usagecrossrunshift(nmax=100,shift=0,mult=2,prec=120,printn=FALSE)Argumentsnmax max sequence length.shift mean of normal distribution.mult multiplier for joint probabilities.prec mpft precision.printn logical for progress output.Valuelist pt of joint probabilities.Cumulative probabilities qt within each row are also included.Further, mostly for code checking,lists pat and qat conditional on starting with a success,and pbt and qbt conditional of starting with a failure,are included.Examplescrs15<-crossrunshift(nmax=15,printn=TRUE)print(crs15$pt[[15]])crossrunsymm Joint Probabilities for Crossings and Runs,Symmetric CaseDescriptionJoint probability distribution for the number of crossings C and the longest run L in a sequence of n independent Bernoulli observations with success probability p.To enhance precision,results are stored in mpfr arrays and the probabilities are multiplied by m n−1for a multiplier m.This is for the symmetric case with success probability0.5,in which the multiplied probabilities are integers for the default value2of the multiplier.Usagecrossrunsymm(nmax=100,mult=2,prec=120,printn=FALSE)cumsumm9 Argumentsnmax;max sequence length.mult;multiplier for joint probabilities.Default2.prec;mpft precision.printn;logical for including progress output.Valuept,list of joint probabilities,multiplied with m n−1.In addition cumulative probabilities qt within each row are also included.Examplescrs10<-crossrunsymm(nmax=10,printn=TRUE)cumsumm Row-wise Cumulative SumsDescriptionRow-wise Cumulative Sums in mpfr Array.Usagecumsumm(mtrx)Argumentsmtrx mpfr two-dimensional array.Valuempfr array with row-wise cumulative sums,same dimension as the original array.Examplesnill<-Rmpfr::mpfr(0,120)one<-Rmpfr::mpfr(1,120)two<-Rmpfr::mpfr(2,120)contents<-c(one,nill,nill,one,one,one,two,two,two)mtrx3<-Rmpfr::mpfr2array(contents,dim=c(3,3))print(mtrx3)print(cumsumm(mtrx3))10exactbin cumsummcol Column-Wise Cumulative SumsDescriptionColumn-wise cumulative sums in mpfr array.Usagecumsummcol(mtrx)Argumentsmtrx mpfr two-dimensional array.Valuempfr array with column-wise cumulative sums,same dimension as the original array.Examplesnill<-Rmpfr::mpfr(0,120)one<-Rmpfr::mpfr(1,120)two<-Rmpfr::mpfr(2,120)contents<-c(one,nill,nill,one,one,one,two,two,two)mtrx3<-Rmpfr::mpfr2array(contents,dim=c(3,3))print(mtrx3)print(cumsummcol(mtrx3))exactbin Exact Joint Probabilities for Low nDescriptionExact joint probabilities,for low n,of the number of crossings C and the longest run L in n inde-pendent Bernoulli observations with success probability p.Probabilites are multiplied by2n−1. Usageexactbin(n,p=0.5,prec=120)Argumentsn number,length of seqience,at most6.p success probability.prec precision in mpfr calculations.Default120.joint100.611Valuempfr arrayExamplesexactbin(n=6)exactbin(n=5,p=0.6)joint100.6Joint probabilities,n=100,success probability0.6DescriptionThe joint probabilities of the number C og crossings(0,...99)and the longest run L(1,...,100)ina series of n=100independent Bernoulli observations for success probability0.6.The probabilitiesare stored in the"times"representations,multiplied by2100−1.Only the joint distributions for n=15, 60,100and success probabilities0.5and0.6are included in the package to avoid excessive storage, but many more cases may be generated by the function crossrunbin.Usagejoint100.6Formatmatrix,100rows and100columnsSourcegenerated by the function crossrunbin and transformed from an Rmpfr array to a matrixjoint100symm Joint probabilities,n=100,symmetric caseDescriptionThe joint probabilities of the number C og crossings(0,...99)and the longest run L(1,...,100)ina series of n=100independent Bernoulli observations for the symmetric case(success probability0.5).The probabilities are stored in the"times"representations,multiplied by2100−1and are inte-gers in the symmetric case.Only the joint distributions for n=15,60,100and success probabilities0.5and0.6are included in the package to avoid excessive storage,but many more cases may begenerated by the function crossrunsymm.Usagejoint100symm12joint14emFormatmatrix,100rows and100columnsSourcegenerated by the function crossrunsymm and transformed from an Rmpfr array to a matrixjoint14.6Joint probabilities,n=14,success probability0.6DescriptionThe joint probabilities of the number C og crossings(0,...13)and the longest run L(1,...,14)in a series of n=14independent Bernoulli observations for success probability0.6.The probabilities are stored in the"times"representations,multiplied by214−1=8192.Only the joint distributions for n=14,60,100and success probabilities0.5and0.6are included in the package to avoid excessive storage,but many more cases may be generated by the function crossrunbin.Usagejoint14.6Formatmatrix,14rows and14columnsSourcegenerated by the function crossrunbin and transformed from an Rmpfr array to a matrixjoint14em Joint probabilities,n=14,around the empirical medianDescriptionJoint probabilities of the number C of crossings(1,...13)and the longest run L(1,...,17)in a series of n=60Bernoulli observations around its empirical median.The probabilities are stored in the"times"representations,multiplied by(60by30)/2,the number of constellations starting above the median,and are integers.About the empirical median there is at least one crossing,and the longest run cannot exceed14/2=7.Only the joint distributions for n=14,60are included in the package to avoid excessive storage,but many more cases may be generated by the function ’crossrunem.Since these computations are demanding in terms of storage and computation time, they are at present not performed for n much above60.joint14symm13 Usagejoint14emFormatmatrix,13rows and7columnsSourcegenerated by the function crossrunsymm and transformed from an Rmpfr array to a matrixjoint14symm Joint probabilities,n=14,symmetric caseDescriptionJoint probabilities of the number C of crossings(0,...13)and the longest run L(1,...,14)in a series of n=14independent Bernoulli observations for the symmetric case(success probability0.5).The probabilities are stored in the"times"representations,multiplied by214−1=8192and are integers in the symmetric case.Only the joint distributions for n=14,60,100and success probabilities0.5and0.6are included in the package to avoid excessive storage,but many more cases may begenerated by the function crossrunsymm.Usagejoint14symmFormatmatrix,14rows and14columnsSourcegenerated by the function crossrunsymm and transformed from an Rmpfr array to a matrix14joint60em joint60.6Joint probabilities,60,success probability0.6DescriptionThe joint probabilities of the number C og crossings(0,...59)and the longest run L(1,...,60)ina series of n=60independent Bernoulli observations for success probability0.6.The probabilitiesare stored in the"times"representations,multiplied by260−1.Only the joint distributions for n=15, 60,100and success probabilities0.5and0.6are included in the package to avoid excessive storage, but many more cases are generated in the script crossrun1.R.Usagejoint60.6Formatmatrix,60rows and60columnsSourcegenerated by the function crossrunbin and transformed from an Rmpfr array to a matrixjoint60em Joint probabilities,n=60,around the empirical medianDescriptionJoint probabilities of the number C of crossings(1,...59)and the longest run L(1,...,30)in a series of n=14Bernoulli observations around its empirical median.The probabilities are stored in the"times"representations,multiplied by(14by7)/2=1716,the number of constellations starting above the median,and are integers.About the empirical median there is at least one crossing,and the longest runcannot exceed60/2=30.Only the joint distributions for n=14,60are included in the package to avoid excessive storage,but many more cases may be generated by the function ’crossrunem.Since these computations are demanding in terms of storage and computation time, they are at present not performed for n much above60.’#’Usagejoint60emFormatmatrix,59rows and30columnsSourcegenerated by the function crossrunem and transformed from an Rmpfr array to a matrixjoint60symm15 joint60symm Joint probabilities,n=60,symmetric caseDescriptionThe joint probabilities of the number C og crossings(0,...59)and the longest run L(1,...,60)in a series of n=60independent Bernoulli observations for the symmetric case(success probability0.5).The probabilities are stored in the"times"representations,multiplied by260−1and are integers in the symmetric case.Only the joint distributions for n=15,60,100and success probabilities0.5and0.6are included in the package to avoid excessive storage,but many more cases may be generatedby the function crossrunsymm.Usagejoint60symmFormatmatrix,60rows and60columnsSourcegenerated by the function crossrunsymm and transformed from an Rmpfr array to a matrixsimclbin Simulation of Independent Bernoulli ObservationsDescriptionSimulation of a sequence of independent Bernoulli Observations.To reduce the amount of random draws,each simulation is based on a sequence of standard normal variables,and whether each observation is above a shift deﬁned by the binomial probabilities assumed.Usagesimclbin(nser=100,nsim=1e+05,probs=c(0.5,0.6,0.7,0.8,0.9))Argumentsnser length of sequence simulatednsim number of simulationsprobs binomial probabilites16simclemValuea data frame with the number of crossings and longest run for each probability.For instance thevariables nc0.5and lr0.5are the number of crossings and the longest run for success probability0.5.One row for each simulation.Examplescl30simbin<-simclbin(nser=30,nsim=100)mean(cl30simbin$nc0.5)#mean number of crossings,p=0.5mean(cl30simbin$lr0.9)#mean longest run,p=0.9simclem Check of joint probabilities by simulationsDescriptionSimulation of a sequence of n=2m observations around the median in the sequence.To be used for checking the results of crossrunem.Usagesimclem(m1=7,nsim=1e+05)Argumentsm1,half the sequence lengthnsim number of simulationsValuedata frame with cs,number of crossings and ls,longest run in the simulations.Examplessimclem14<-simclem(nsim=sum(joint14em))print(table(simclem14))#joint distributions in the simulationsprint(joint14em)#for comparisonIndex∗datasetsjoint100.6,11joint100symm,11joint14.6,12joint14em,12joint14symm,13joint60.6,14joint60em,14joint60symm,15boxprobt,2clshift,3crossrunauto,3crossrunbin,4crossrunchange,5crossrunem,6crossrunemcont,7crossrunshift,8crossrunsymm,8cumsumm,9cumsummcol,10exactbin,10joint100.6,11joint100symm,11joint14.6,12joint14em,12joint14symm,13joint60.6,14joint60em,14joint60symm,15simclbin,15simclem,1617。

再审申请书文字大小要求

再审申请书文字大小要求英文回答:In the application for reconsideration, it is required to use two languages, English and Chinese, to answer the questions. First, I will provide my response in English, and then I will provide the Chinese translation. The English and Chinese translations should not be mixed together. Before each response, I will indicate whether it is in English or Chinese.English Answer:In the application for reconsideration, it is important to adhere to certain requirements. Firstly, it is necessary to use both English and Chinese languages to provide the answers. This ensures that the response is accessible to both English-speaking and Chinese-speaking individuals. By using both languages, the application can cater to a wider audience and demonstrate the applicant's proficiency inboth languages.Additionally, it is crucial to avoid revealing the prompt within the text. This means that the application should not explicitly mention the specific question or instructions provided. Instead, the response should focus on providing a comprehensive and detailed explanation of the applicant's circumstances, reasons for reconsideration, and any supporting evidence or documentation.Furthermore, the application should aim to meet the word count requirement of at least 1500 words. It is important to note that this word count should not be seen as a limitation, but rather an opportunity to provide a thorough and well-structured response. By utilizing a variety of examples, anecdotes, and explanations, the applicant can effectively convey their message and convince the reviewer of the validity of their request for reconsideration.To ensure clarity and coherence in the response, it is advisable to avoid using repetitive phrases or transitionwords such as "firstly," "secondly," "lastly," "in conclusion," "however," "therefore," "in summary," "meanwhile," "to summarize," "for example," and "of course." These phrases can make the response sound repetitive and monotonous. Instead, the applicant should focus on using natural language and expressions to make the response more engaging and relatable.Furthermore, it is important to vary the length of each paragraph and avoid having multiple paragraphs with similar word counts. Following the proportion of 1:2:3:1:2:3:1:2:3 for the paragraph lengths can help create a visually appealing and well-balanced response. This distribution ensures that each section of the response receives adequate attention and prevents the response from appearing monotonous or formulaic.Finally, it is recommended to write the response in the first-person perspective. This personalizes the response and allows the applicant to express their thoughts, emotions, and experiences more effectively. Additionally, incorporating idioms, colloquial expressions, and otherlinguistic elements can add a touch of authenticity and make the response more relatable to the reviewer.中文回答：在重新审议申请中，有一些要求需要遵守。

好人好事英语作文结尾模版

好人好事英语作文结尾模版Although the length of a 1000-word essay exceeds the scope of a typical response, I can provide you with a concluding paragraph template for an essay discussing "good people doing good deeds." Here's an example:In conclusion, the stories of good people performing selfless acts of kindness serve as beacons of hope in our often challenging world. Their examples demonstrate that, despite the many complexities and obstacles we encounter in life, the human spirit is capable of rising above adversity and fostering positive change. By recognizing and celebrating these acts of goodness, we not only honor the individuals involved but also inspire others to emulate their compassion and generosity. As we continue to strive towards a more inclusive and understanding society, it is crucial to remember that every act of kindness, no matter how small, has the potential to create ripples ofpositivity that can transform lives and communities. Let us all be inspired by the stories of good people doing gooddeeds, and strive to be a part of the change that brings brightness and warmth to the world.。

天津市南开中学2022-2023学年高三考前热身英语试卷含解析

2022-2023学年高考英语模拟试卷注意事项1．考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回．2．答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用0．5毫米黑色墨水的签字笔填写在试卷及答题卡的规定位置．3．请认真核对监考员在答题卡上所粘贴的条形码上的姓名、准考证号与本人是否相符．4．作答选择题，必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应选项的方框涂满、涂黑；如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案．作答非选择题，必须用05毫米黑色墨水的签字笔在答题卡上的指定位置作答，在其他位置作答一律无效．5．如需作图，须用2B铅笔绘、写清楚，线条、符号等须加黑、加粗．第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．Time is pressing．You cannot start your task _____ soon．A．too B．very C．so D．as2．Don’t take it seriously，Alice．I wasn’t making _____ fun of you —it’s nothing but _____ joke．A．/; the B．the; theC．the; a D．/; a3．Some of them, ______ in rural villages, had never seen a train.A．to be born and brought up B．born and brought upC．having born and brought up D．having been born and brought up4．Don’t leave matches or cigarettes on the table within ______ of children.A．stretch B．expand C．reach D．extend5．Della turned all of her pockets inside out only to find $ 1.87 buy Jim a present for Christmas.A．with what to B．with that she can C．in which to D．with which to6．______ exactly what was wrong with him, the doctors gave him a complete examination.A．To discover B．Discovering C．Discovered D．Having been discovered7．—What a shame! We misunderstood each other for such a long time.—Yes, I wish I _____ with you earlier.A．communicate B．had communicatedC．communicated D．would communicate8．There are a lot of signs men are more likely to have heart attacks than women.A．indicate B．to indicate C．indicated D．indicating9．Is it he or you ________ in charge of the job and supposed to complete it punctually?A．who is B．that isC．who are D．whom are10．Martin Luther King, Jr. put it that peace is not merely a distant goal that we seek, but a means _____we arrive at that goal.A．that B．where C．by which D．with which11．We should bear in mind that social development and balance of nature should go in .A．company B．sympathy C．association D．harmony12．Simply raise your hand，and a taxi appears ________A．at no time B．at one timeC．in no time D．for the time being13．---Can you help me with my English homework? You're a genius.---__________, but I'll try to help you. What's your problem?A．Far from it B．Sounds goodC．By all means D．It's out of question14．We packed all the books in the wooden boxes_______ they wouldn’t get damaged.A．as long as B．as ifC．in case D．so that15．They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation, or they __________to our help. A．would have come B．could comeC．have come D．had come16．I prefer a school ______teachers have to work as a team, instead of fighting against each other.A．where B．that C．as D．when17．Jason will never forget about his 18th birthday, saw his being admitted to Harvard.A．when B．which C．that D．it18．---What does PM 2. 5 mean？---It's a professional_____________ indicating the condition of air pollution.A．number B．markC．term D．item19．--- May I speak to Mr. Smith？--- I am afraid not. He is at a meeting now. It's not _____________A．reliable B．convenientC．beneficial D．available20．—I felt it very difficult to carry on the work all by myself.—I could have helped you, but you _____me to.A．hadn’t asked B．didn’t ask C．haven’t asked D．don’t ask第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

中考英语作文多少格

中考英语作文多少格1. English Response:The format for the middle school entrance examination English essay typically consists of 3-4 paragraphs. The length requirement is usually around 120-150 words.In the first paragraph, students are expected to introduce the main idea or topic of the essay. This could involve providing background information, describing a situation, or stating a personal opinion.The body paragraphs that follow should develop the main idea further, using supporting details, examples, or explanations. These paragraphs allow the writer to elaborate on the key points and provide a more in-depth analysis.Finally, the concluding paragraph should summarize the main points and restate the central message of the essay. This section allows the writer to reinforce the overall theme and leave a lasting impression on the reader.It is important to note that the specific format and length requirements may vary slightly depending on theexamination guidelines. However, the general structure of introduction, body, and conclusion is typically expected.2. 中文回应:中考英语作文通常由3-4个段落组成。

RESPONSE FORMAT

RESPONSE FORMATOverviewResponse StructureEach response should follow a structured format consisting of the following elements:1. Date and Time: The date and time of the response should be clearly indicated at the beginning of the message.2. Recipient Information: The name and title of the recipient should be mentioned, along with any other relevant contact details.3. Subject Line: A brief, descriptive subject line that accurately reflects the content of the response.4. TOC (Table of Contents): A table of contents for easy navigation through the document.5. Main Content: The main body of the response should be divided into sections, each addressing a specific aspect of the query or topic at hand.6. Attachments: A list of any attachments included with the response, along with a brief description of each.7. Sign-off: A professional sign-off from the respondent, including their name, title, and contact information.Date and TimeThe date and time of the response should be formatted as follows:Date: [MM/DD/YYYY]Time: [HH:MM (24-hour format)]Recipient InformationThe recipient information should include the following details:To: [Recipient's Name]Title: [Recipient's Title]Department: [Recipient's Department]Email: [Recipient's Email Address]Phone: [Recipient's Phone Number]Subject LineThe subject line should be concise and provide a clear overview of the response content. It should be formatted as follows:Subject: [Brief description of the response content]Table of Contents (TOC)The TOC should be a list of sections and subsections included in the response, formatted as follows:1. Introduction2. Response Details2.1. [Section 1]2.2. [Section 2]2.3. [Section 3]3. Conclusion4. Attachments5. Sign-offMain ContentThe main content should be divided into sections, each addressing a specific aspect of the query or topic at hand. Each section should be clearly labeled and include a brief overview of the content.For example:1. IntroductionThis response addresses the recent query regarding [specific topic]. We are pleased to provide you with the following information and assistance.AttachmentsAny attachments included with the response should be listed at the end of the main content, along with a brief description of each:Attachments:- [Attachment 1]: [Brief description]- [Attachment 2]: [Brief description]Sign-offThe sign-off should include the respondent's name, title, and contact information, formatted as follows:Sincerely,[Respondent's Name][Respondent's Title][Respondent's Department][Respondent's Email Address][Respondent's Phone Number]。

SentenceLength

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After World War II the wire services asked readability experts to examine their stories in an effort to improve them. Briefly, the experts determined that, on the average, short sentences (17 to 20 words) of short or common words built around active verbs are the best. What resulted was the popular idea that all sentences could be no more than 20 words. Many people ignored the word "average."From The Bulletin in Bend, Ore., comes a good example--a story with sentences averaging 18.6 words. The writer, Dave Swan, achieved that by writing only 10 of 37 sentences longer than 20 words. Here are four unrelated paragraphs to show some of Swan's pace:Henry "Hank" Bostleman, 532 NW Riverside, Bend, has been blowing glass for 25 years. He is now 70.Bostleman is a neon sign blower. He works for the Carlson Co., 1605 NE Forbes Road."I really enjoy having something to do," he said. "A lot of people my age don't have enough to keep them busy.""The new modern equipment has quite a few refinements on it," he said. "But I've used this for years and it still works. In fact, I just had a sign come back in for repair that has been working for over 17 years. I think that's pretty good!"What should not escape you--whether you are in print or broadcast journalism--is that some of the most effective sentences are direct quotations. People don't talk in long sentences. A sentence is too long if it can't be spoken in one deep breath. If you r sentences make people gasp for air between the beginning and end, they are too long. Stop run-on sentences, such as this one:And yet, at this writing, there are only nine days left before the fiscal year runs out and the state is still without the essential financing tomake it run efficiently and without the complete waste of funds which might result if there's no budget and revenue plan before July 1 andinstitutions will have to borrow money at high interest rates in order to keep going.The run-on sentence stumbles because by saying so much it ultimately says nothing. The reverse of the run-on is a string of short sentences say, 10 words andunder. A story built on such short sentences will read like a parody of journalisticwriting. A good journalist can let fly with a length of words that have flow, rhythm and stamina and that count toward a meaning rather than a quota.Cutting the Length Naturally, when writing against a deadline, you cannot measure the length of your sentences. The secret is learning to write sentences of the right length before deadlines become a part of your life. Compute the average length of your sentences. If the average is high, find ways to reduce it.Look at what you write; do you go on and on without putting in periods while at the same time ignoring commas, semicolons and other devices that might make reading your sentences easier or do you spot natural breaks in your long sentences and stop the sentences before they get out of hand? The preceding sentence is 53 words long. To make it read comfortably, change it to three sentences.Look at what you write. Do you go on and on without putting inperiods while at the same time ignoring commas, semicolons and other devices that might make reading your sentences easier? Or do you spot natural breaks in your long sentences and stop the sentences before they get out of hand?The paragraph has been reduced to an average of slightly more than 17 words a sentence by inserting punctuation marks that indicate full stops--periods and question marks--rather than punctuation marks that merely slow the reader down--commas and semicolons. This sentence should become two:The agency said Moscow had also bolstered its military presence in Cuba by sending increasing numbers of military advisers andconstructing bases and using the island "as a bridgehead for contentionwith the United States, and for infiltration in the Western Hemisphere, especially the Caribbean."That sentence contains 45 words for the reader to grasp in one breath. A period af ter bases and some editing would have made the preceding marginally digestible.Plodding Sentences Trying to say too much at once creates long sentences, as evidenced by these examples from a student's paper:Bugliosi, a former deputy district attorney for the Los Angeles County District Attorney's office, made the statement in response to a question from the audience after his speech on the Tate-LaBianca murders forwhich he successfully prosecuted Charles Manson and four members of his family.Although he had been called in 1967 to prepare a search warrant for Sirhan's car, Bugliosi said he had no further involvement with thecase until late 1975 when one of the bystanders accidentally shot duringthe REK assassination petitioned to have the murder weapon test-fired again.More importantly, a number of individuals who were present at the hotel where Kennedy was shot in the hours and days after the killing,among them hotel employees, Los Angeles police officers and a former FBI agent. say that bullets were found there which were nevermentioned in the state's case.My advice to the student: Provide more bam-bam-bam and less plod-plod-plod. Here's a rewrite. It begins one paragraph later than the original because the first paragraph in the original is a throwaway:Bugliosi, who in 1967 prepared a search warrant for Sirhan's car, said he became involved in the case again when a bystander at Kennedy's assassination asked to have the murder weapon test-fired again. Therequest was made in late 1975.More important, Bugliosi said, some of the witnesses andinvestigators contend bullets were found at the scene of the assassination but never mentioned in Sirhan's trial. Among those making that claimare a former FBI agent, some Los Angeles police officers and some hotel employees, Bugliosi said.The rewrite's longest sentence is 33 words. The original's shortest is 45 (the throwaway sentence). And while some of the rewrite's brevity was reached by eliminating extraneous or redundant information, the main work of shortening the sentences came by not cramming too much between periods. Note that the date of the request rates a sentence to itself, as does the explanation of who said there were unmentioned bullets.Natural Breaks Transitional areas in sentences provide ideal places for windy writers to insert periods. Make sure, however, that you're not putting a period in an unnatural spot. Don't, for the sake of brevity, punctuate this sentenceHe drank 15 gin and tonics and 17 glasses of beer at the fraternity house party and then passed out.like thisHe drank 15 gin and tonics. And 17 glasses of beer at the fraternity house party and then passed out.when what you could do isHe drank 15 gin and tonics and 17 glasses of beer at the fraternity house party. And then he passed out.Not . . .but Be careful when dealing with not . . . but constructions, which can not be separated between two sentences.What you need is not a profound knowledge of the terminology of the English language's grammar, but a sensitivity to how the languageoperates.To replace the comma (which some writers would not use anyway) with a period would foul the meaning of the sentence by creating two very fuzzy fragments.Pace While working on reducing the length of your sentences, also try to vary their length. It is not enough to vary structure; you've got to work on your pace too. If you stick to one main thought a sentence, you will vary your sentence length naturally. Here are sentences of virtually unvaried length:He said a president should lead this country and that right now there is a lack of leadership."Never has a president vetoed so many bills since the Civil War," O'Neill said.Ford defended himself, saying the vetoes have saved millions of dollars in deficits.Of the 56 bills Ford has vetoed, Congress has sustained 42 vetoes, he said.Earlier this year Ford vetoed a $3.7 billion appropriations bill for public works jobs.He said the extra billions were not enough to make jobs where the jobs really are needed.The length of those sentences is 18, 14, 13, 14. 14 and 17 words, which is hardly variety. This is readily apparent when you look at the sentences. Each is virtually the same length; each ends around the same place in a line. Sight alone indicates there is a problem. As an exercise, rewrite those six sentences with a more varied structure. The secret: tighten arid subordinate.注：1）这里提供部分词汇，如需完整词汇及结合“能飞背单词”记单词吧！2）快速提升听力口语，请用“能飞视听学习软件”。

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The Paragraph-Length Response
in AP Physics 1 and 2
A paragraph-length response to a question should consist of a coherent argument that uses the information presented in the question and proceeds in a logical, expository fashion to arrive at a conclusion.
AP Physics students are asked to give a paragraph-length response so that they may demonstrate their ability to communicate their understanding of a physical situation in a reasoned, expository analysis. A student’s response should be a coherent, organized, and sequential description of the analysis of a situation. The response should argue from evidence, cite physical principles, and clearly present the student’s thinking to the reader. The presentation should not include
extraneous information. It should make sense on the first reading.
The style of the exposition is to explain and/or describe, like a paragraph, rather than present a calculation or a purely algebraic derivation, and should be of moderate length, not long and elaborate.
A paragraph-length response will earn points for correct physics principles, as does a response to
any other free-response question. However, full credit may not be earned if a paragraph-length response contains any of the following: principles not presented in a logical order, lengthy digressions within an argument, or primarily equations or diagrams with little linking prose.
In AP Physics 1, the argument may include, as needed, diagrams, graphs, equations, and perhaps calculations to support the line of reasoning. The style of such a response may be seen in the example problems in textbooks, which are typically a mix of prose statements, equations, diagrams, etc., that present an orderly analysis of a situation.
In AP Physics 2, the requirement for full credit for a paragraph-length response is more rigorous,
i.e., responses are expected to meet the standard of logical reasoning as described for AP Physics
1 but must also be presented primarily in prose form.
To reiterate, the goal is that students should be able to both analyze a situation and construct a coherent, sequenced, well-reasoned exposition that cites evidence and principles of physics and
that make sense on the first reading.
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