British Festivals and Holidays
英国节日 British_Festivals_and_Holidays
1月1日，一年一度的英 国伦敦新年大游行吸引 了来自英国、美国、日 本、德国、加拿大等地 的100多支游行队伍、 3000多名街头表演者参 加，展示的内容主要包 括卡通人物气球、各国 音乐舞蹈等。这是一对 父子坐在小火车上参加 英国伦敦新年大游行。
英国人在除夕的深夜，人们常常带上糕点和酒出去拜访亲 友。他们不敲门，就径直走进亲友家去。朝屋里迈进第一 只脚的人，预示着主人在新的一年里运气的好坏。如果迈 进第一只脚的人是个快乐、幸福、有钱的人，主人将全年 吉利；如果是个忧伤、不幸、贫穷的人，主人在新的一年 里将会遇到困难、倒霉。
Jesus
It is traditional for all denominations to eat hot cross buns（上面有十字架形的 圣糕）
Easter
A special day that move each other
复活节（主复活日）是现今基督教徒的重要节日之一，定在每年 春分月圆之后第一个星期日。基督徒认为，复活节象征重生与希 望，乃纪念耶稣基督于公元33年被钉死后第三天复活的事迹。
It is also a memorable occasion to make New Year's resolutions, which they hope
to fulfill in the coming year.
Saint Patrick's Day
St. Patrick„s Day, is an annual feast day, which celebrates Saint Patrick ,one of the patron saints（守护神；保护圣徒） of Ireland, and is generally celebrated on March 17.
英国节日的英语作文
In the United Kingdom,a variety of festivals and holidays are celebrated,each with its own unique traditions and significance.Here is an overview of some of the most notable British festivals and holidays:1.New Years Day1st January:This is a public holiday in the UK,marking the start of the new year.Celebrations often involve fireworks,parties,and the setting of new year resolutions.2.Valentines Day14th February:Although not a public holiday,this day is widely celebrated with romantic gestures such as the exchange of cards,flowers,and chocolates.3.Mothering Sunday March:This is a Christian holiday that falls on the fourth Sunday of Lent.It is a day to honor mothers and mother figures,and it is often celebrated with family gatherings and the giving of gifts.4.Good Friday Variable Date:This is a Christian holiday that commemorates the crucifixion of Jesus Christ.It is a public holiday,and many people attend church services or observe the day with fasting and reflection.5.Easter Variable Date:Easter is the most important festival in the Christian calendar, celebrating the resurrection of Jesus Christ.It is marked by church services,Easter egg hunts,and the consumption of hot cross buns.6.May Day1st May:This is a traditional spring festival that has its roots in ancient agricultural customs.It is celebrated with Maypole dancing,the crowning of a May Queen,and the giving of May baskets.7.Spring Bank Holiday Last Monday in May:This is a public holiday that provides a long weekend for many people.It is often used as an opportunity for outdoor activities and travel.8.Trooping the Colour June:This is the official birthday celebration of the British monarch,which is marked with a grand military parade in London.9.Guy Fawkes Night5th November:Also known as Bonfire Night,this is a celebration of the failed Gunpowder Plot of1605.It is marked by fireworks displays,bonfires,and the burning of effigies of Guy Fawkes.10.Christmas Day25th December:This is a Christian holiday celebrating the birth of Jesus Christ.It is a public holiday and is characterized by family gatherings,the exchangeof gifts,and the decoration of homes with Christmas trees and lights.11.Boxing Day26th December:The day after Christmas,Boxing Day is a public holiday in the UK.It is traditionally a day for giving gifts to service workers and is also a time for shopping,as many retailers offer postChristmas sales.These festivals and holidays are an integral part of British culture,offering a mix of religious observance,national celebration,and family traditions.Each event provides an opportunity for people to come together,share in the festivities,and create lasting memories.。
英国节日英文带翻译
英国节日英文带翻译British Festivals: Celebrating Culture and Tradition。
英国节日，庆祝文化和传统。
Britain is a country that is rich in culture and tradition, and one of the ways in which this is celebrated is through the many festivals that take place throughout the year. From religious holidays to cultural events, there is always something to celebrate in Britain.英国是一个文化和传统丰富的国家，庆祝这一点的方式之一就是通过全年举行的许多节日。
从宗教节日到文化活动，英国总有值得庆祝的事情。
One of the most important festivals in Britain is Christmas. This is a Christian holiday that is celebrated on December 25th every year. It is a time when families come together to exchange gifts, eat delicious food, and enjoy each other's company. Many towns and cities also holdChristmas markets, where people can buy handmade crafts and enjoy festive treats.英国最重要的节日之一是圣诞节。
这是一个基督教节日，每年12月25日庆祝。
这是一个家庭聚会的时刻，家人们互相交换礼物，享用美味的食物，享受彼此的陪伴。
英国节日介绍
5．复活节（Easter/Easter Sunday）： 春分月圆后的第一个星期日。
6．愚人节（April Fool）：每年4月1日。
7.五月节 (May Day)：每年5月1日。 8. 母亲节(Mother's day ), 5月第二个星期 日 。
9．万圣节ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱHalloween）：10月31日。 10. 圣诞节（Christmas Day）：每年12月25 日
The custom of an Easter egg hunt began because children believed that rabbits laid eggs in the grass.
Labor Day
Labor's Day is on May 1st. The Labor's Day is workers' holiday and workers can enjoy themselves to their heart's content. Many people choose to travel. And some others will go to the cinema. Some will go to parks. And others will stay at home.
英国劳动节民俗 表演
Saint Patrick's Day（圣帕特里
克节）
St. Patrick's Day（圣帕特里克节） , is an annual feast day, which celebrates Saint Patrick ,one of the patron saints of Ireland, and is generally celebrated on March 17.
英国主要节日简介英语作文
英国主要节日简介英语作文In the United Kingdom, various festivals and holidays hold significant cultural, historical, and social importance. Here's an overview of some of the major ones:1. New Year's Day (January 1st):New Year's Day in the UK is celebrated with parties, fireworks, and gatherings, much like in many other parts of the world. It marks the beginning of the new year and is often accompanied by resolutions and good wishes for the year ahead.2. Easter Sunday (Date varies):Easter is a Christian holiday celebrated across the UK. It commemorates the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead, as described in the New Testament of the Bible. Easter Sunday is typically marked by church services, family gatherings, and Easter egg hunts.3. St. George's Day (April 23rd):St. George's Day is England's national day, honoring St. George, the patron saint of England. Traditionally,it's celebrated with parades, pageants, and other festivities, although it's not as widely observed as other national days in some other countries.4. May Day (First Monday of May):May Day has ancient origins, traditionallycelebrating the coming of spring with festivities like maypole dancing, Morris dancing, and crowning a May Queen. While its significance has evolved over time, it remains a day associated with springtime celebrations.5. Trooping the Colour (Second Saturday of June):Trooping the Colour is an annual event held in London to mark the official birthday of the British monarch. It involves an impressive military parade, showcasing theregiments of the British and Commonwealth armies, and concludes with the royal family appearing on the balcony of Buckingham Palace.6. Remembrance Day (November 11th):Remembrance Day, also known as Armistice Day, commemorates the end of World War I and honors the members of the armed forces who have died in the line of duty. The day is marked by ceremonies at war memorials, including a two-minute silence at 11 a.m. to remember the fallen.7. Christmas Day (December 25th):Christmas is one of the most widely celebrated holidays in the UK, both religiously and culturally. It's a time for families and friends to come together, exchange gifts, enjoy festive meals, and partake in various traditions like decorating Christmas trees and singing carols.8. Boxing Day (December 26th):Boxing Day is observed on the day after Christmas and has various historical and cultural origins. Traditionally, it was a day when servants and tradespeople would receive gifts from their employers. Today, it's often a day for shopping, sports events, and spending time with loved ones.These are just a few of the major festivals and holidays celebrated in the UK, each contributing to therich tapestry of British culture and traditions.。
Holidays and Festivals in Britain
圣诞树
• 圣诞树（Christmas tree）是圣诞节庆祝中 最有名的传统之一。 通常人们在圣诞前后 把一棵常绿植物如松 树弄进屋里或者在户 外，并用圣诞灯和彩 色的装饰物装饰。并 把一个天使或星星放 在树的顶上。
圣诞卡
• 圣诞卡（圣诞卡片） 在美国和欧洲很流行， 也是为维持远方亲朋 好友关系的方式之一。 许多家庭随贺卡带上 年度家庭合照或家庭 新闻，新闻一般包括 家庭成员在过去一年 的优点特长等内容。
节礼日起源
• 说法三：佣人在圣诞节后一天放假，因此主人准备礼盒在 他们启程回家前作为答谢。尽管现在雇用仆人的家庭大为 减少，但是很多地区至今仍保留圣诞节赠礼给服务业的习 惯。 • 说法四：在西方的封建时代，圣诞节是大家庭聚会的日子。 所有奴隶的家人会在领主的庄园内聚首一堂，以便庄园领 主发放年终津贴。12月26日，所有欢诞派对结束后，庄园 领主便会把一些有用的物品，如衣料、谷物和用具等，送 给住在园里的奴隶。每个家庭会在圣诞节后得到一个载满 物品的大盒子。根据此说，活动并非自发的，庄园领主有 责任提供物品。由于盒子的关系，人们便把这天称为“节 礼日”。
圣诞老人
圣诞大餐
• 在圣诞餐上，烤火鸡是不可缺少的菜式。 还包括火腿、甘薯、蔬菜、葡萄干布丁、 水果饼、鸡尾酒等。
圣诞大餐
• 火鸡
圣诞前夜
• 圣诞夜（silent Night / Christmas Eve），又称平安夜， 即圣诞前夕（12月24日），在大部分基督教社会是圣诞节 庆祝节日之一。但现在，由于中西文化的融合，已成为世 界性的一个节日 。 届时，千千万万的欧美人风尘仆仆 地赶回家中团聚。圣诞之夜必不可少的庆祝活动就是聚会。 大多数欧美家庭成员团聚在家中，共进丰盛的晚餐，然后 围坐在熊熊燃烧的火炉旁，弹琴唱歌，共叙天伦之乐；或 者举办一个别开生面的化妆舞会，通宵达旦地庆祝圣诞夜 是一个幸福、祥和、狂欢的平安夜、团圆夜。圣诞之夜， 父母们会悄悄地给孩子们准备礼物放在长统袜里。在英国， 圣诞夜如在工作日，有时会被银行及贸易公司视为短日 （下午休息）。
英美概论考试复习题
英美概论考试复习题The Society & Culture of Major English-speaking Countries英语国家社会与⽂化The UK1. What are the four nations which make up of the UK?这四个国家是什么构成的英国吗England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland2. The UK maintain links with its former colonial countries through a loose andvoluntary organization called ___________.英国保持联系前殖民国家通过宽松、⾃愿组织称British Commonwealth英联邦3. But more important today to consider modern Britain’s role in its internationalrelations is to emphasize its role as a member of _____但更重要的是今天考虑现代英国年代作⽤的国际关系是强调其⾓⾊的成员European Union欧洲联盟，欧盟4. What are the main religions in the UK? 什么是主要宗教在英国吗Anglicanism (英国国教), Catholicism天主教；天主教义, Christianism耶稣教；基督教, and others (e.g. Islam).5. British history has been a history of invasions. Can you list the invaders fromthe first to the last? 英国的历史上⼀直是侵略的历史。
英国的节日和假期作文英语
The United Kingdom is a country rich in history and tradition,and this is reflected in its numerous festivals and holidays.These occasions provide a glimpse into the cultural heritage of the country and are celebrated with great enthusiasm by the British people. Here is an overview of some of the most significant festivals and holidays in the UK:1.New Years Day1st January:This is the first day of the year and is celebrated with fireworks,parties,and parades.Many people make resolutions for the year ahead.2.Valentines Day14th February:A day dedicated to love and affection,where people exchange cards,flowers,and chocolates with their partners.3.St.Patricks Day17th March:Although primarily an Irish celebration,it is also observed in the UK with parades and festivities,especially in areas with a significant Irish population.4.Easter Variable Date:This Christian holiday celebrates the resurrection of Jesus Christ and is marked by a long weekend.Traditional Easter activities include egg hunts and hot cross buns.5.May Day1st May:A traditional spring festival with customs such as dancing around the Maypole and celebrating with flowers.6.Spring Bank Holiday Last Monday in May:A public holiday in England,Wales,and Northern Ireland,often associated with outdoor activities and the beginning of summer.7.Trooping the Colour June:A military ceremony to celebrate the Queens official birthday,featuring a parade and a flypast by the Royal Air Force.8.Guy Fawkes Night5th November:Also known as Bonfire Night,this holiday commemorates the failed Gunpowder Plot of1605.It is celebrated with bonfires and fireworks.9.Christmas25th December:A major Christian holiday celebrating the birth of Jesus, with traditions such as decorating the Christmas tree,exchanging gifts,and enjoying a festive meal.10.Boxing Day26th December:The day after Christmas,traditionally a day for giving gifts to service workers and those in need.11.Hogmanay31st December:The Scottish New Years Eve celebration,known for itsstreet parties and fireworks.12.Bank Holidays:In addition to the specific celebrations,the UK has several bank holidays throughout the year,which are public holidays when most businesses are closed. These include Easter Monday,Early May Bank Holiday,and Boxing Day.Each of these festivals and holidays is an opportunity for the British to come together and celebrate their shared history and culture.They are also occasions for tourists to experience the vibrant atmosphere and unique traditions of the United Kingdom.。
英国传统节日文化介绍
4.Holy Saturday(圣星期六) Easter前一天
5.Easter一般每年春分后月圆第一个星期天，3.21左右
6.Good Friday(耶稣受难日) 复活节前的星期五
7.Ascension Day(耶稣升天节) Easter第40天之后的星 期四,也称为Holy Thursday。 8.April Fool\‘s Day(愚人节) 每年4月1日
Close relatives and friends, at different ages, send small gifts to each other to express affection, promote the comity. A lot of stores in the United States sell this type of gift exclusively, such as chocolates in heart-shaped boxes, tulip nosegays tied with red satin, cards with lace or perfume as well.
9.Queen’s Birthday(女王诞辰日) 每年4月21日
10.May Day(五月节)
每年5月1日
monwealth Day(英联邦纪念日),每年5月24日 12.Queen’s Official Birthday(女王法定诞辰日),英国 在6月10日或前一个星期六放假,以取代4月21日女王的 生日。 13.Hallowe’en (万圣节前夕),每年10月31日 14.Guy Fakes Day (烟火节),每年的11月5日 15.Christmas Day (圣诞节),每年的12月25日 16.Childermas (婴儿殉教日),每年的12月28日, 纪念 殉教幼儿的日子,也称Holy Innocents’Day。
英国节日介绍
The custom of an Easter egg hunt began because children believed that rabbits laid eggs in the grass.
Labor Day
Labor's Day is on May 1st. The Labor's Day is workers' holiday and workers can enjoy themselves to their heart's content. Many people choose to travel. And some others will go to the cinema. Some will go to parks. And
British holidays and festivals
contents:
1. 新年（New Year’s Day）：每年1 月1号。 2. 情人节（Valentine’s Day）：每 年2月14日。 3.圣帕特里克节 （St. Patrick’s Day）:每年3月17日。 4．耶酥受难日（Good Friday）：复 活节前一周的星期五。(Before easter Friday of the week)
People celebrate this day by wearing green, having green food, and attending parades.
parade
Eating green
Wearing green
• 关于情人节的起源有许多种说法。有关人士认
为情人节是一个名叫桑特-瓦伦丁的人士发起的
。他是罗马人，因为拒绝放弃基督教而于公元
Festivals and Public Holidays
Halloween
• Halloween is an ancient festival,which was said to be a night when ghosts, demons（魔鬼） and witches roamed （游荡）the earth and people tried to placate（抚慰） them with offerings of nuts and berries. • In the old days people lit bonfires to ward away evil spirits and in some places they used to jumper over fire to bring good luck. • Now people light candles in pumpkin lanterns called Jack-o’-Lanterns. This is intended to scare away evil spirits from the home.
Bonfire Night
• “Guy Fwakes Day ” also known as “Bonfire Night ” or “Fireworks Night”by some, marks the date, November 5th ,1605, when Guy Fawkes and his fellow conspirators(同谋者) attempted to kill King James and the members of Parliament and to blow up the House of Parliament.
• Father’s Day on June 1st • Notting Hill Carnival(诺丁山狂欢节) in August • Harvest Festival in September • Halloween on October 31st • Bonfire Night（焰火节） on November 5th • Remembrance Day on November 11th • St Andrew’s Day (圣安德n November 30th • Christmas on December 25th • Boxing Day（节礼日） December 26th
英国生活英语英语作文
英国生活英语英语作文Living in Britain offers a unique blend of history, tradition, and modernity that is reflected in the everyday life of its residents. This essay aims to provide an insight into the British lifestyle, focusing on aspects such as social norms, food, and leisure activities that are quintessentially English.Social Norms and EtiquetteThe British are known for their politeness and adherence to social etiquette. Queuing is a way of life, and it is considered rude to push in or not wait your turn. Whengreeting someone, a firm handshake is standard, and directeye contact is expected. It's also common to apologize frequently, even for minor inconveniences, which is areflection of the British culture's emphasis on politeness.Weather and ConversationThe weather is a staple topic of conversation in Britain, largely due to its unpredictable nature. It's not uncommonfor the weather to change rapidly within a single day, providing ample material for small talk. Discussing the weather is a safe and neutral way to initiate conversation, especially with strangers.Tea CultureNo discussion of British lifestyle would be complete without mentioning the beloved beverage: tea. It's more than just a drink; it's a cultural institution. From afternoon tea in a fancy hotel to a cuppa at home, tea is a daily ritual formany Brits. It's often accompanied by biscuits (cookies) andis a symbol of hospitality.Food and DiningBritish cuisine has evolved significantly over the years, incorporating influences from around the world. Traditional meals include breakfast with eggs, bacon, sausages, and black pudding, and the classic Sunday roast. Fish and chips, astaple of British street food, is still a popular choice. Dining out is a common leisure activity, with a wide range of restaurants offering diverse cuisines.Leisure and SportsThe British love their sports, with football (soccer) beingthe most popular. Attending matches or watching them in pubsis a significant part of the social scene. Other sports like rugby, cricket, and tennis also have a strong following. For leisure, the British enjoy visiting pubs, going to the cinema, and exploring the countryside, which is often depicted in picturesque landscapes.Education and LiteratureEducation holds a high status in British society, with astrong emphasis on academic achievement. The country is also renowned for its literary heritage, with famous authors like William Shakespeare, Jane Austen, and more recently, J.K. Rowling, contributing to its rich cultural tapestry.Holidays and FestivalsBritish holidays and festivals are a mix of the traditional and the modern. Christmas is celebrated with much fanfare,and events like the Notting Hill Carnival and Glastonbury Festival are examples of modern celebrations that have become integral parts of British culture.In conclusion, the British lifestyle is a fascinating blendof old and new, with a strong sense of identity and tradition. From the importance of etiquette to the love for tea and sports, life in Britain offers a rich cultural experiencethat is both warm and welcoming.。
英国节假
在苏格兰，新年是一年所有节日中最隆重的，被称作“Hogmanay’（关于此此的意思，还没有一个令人满意的诠释）。当晚，人们喝酒并尽情狂欢没，在午夜的钟声敲响时，庆祝达到高潮，聚集在爱丁堡的丘克教堂和格拉斯哥的乔治广场的庞大人群互道新年，臂挽臂，唱着 “友谊地久天长”。
There are holidays in lieu of those public holidays which fall at weekends. Shops, museums and other public attractions, such as historic houses and sports centers, may close on certain public holidays, particularly Christmas Day.
In Scotland the New Year remains the greatest of all annual festivals. Called “Hogmany”( a word whose meaning has never been satisfactorily established), it’s marked by an evening of drinking and merrymaking , culminating at the stroke of midnight when huge gatherings of people at Edinburgh’s Tron Kirk and Glasgow’s George Square greet the New Year by linking arms and singing “Auld Lang Syne.”
Holidays and Festivals in UK 英国的节日和假期
UK Hotel Breaks and Travel in the UK
• Take a UK Hotel Break to a city or the country. Perhaps a Theatre Break in London, maybe by rail or coach. Maybe you want to build an Event Break around a sporting event or a concert? How about treating the family to a Theme Park Break at one of the leading attractions in the UK? Or pamper your self on a Spa Break.
•
Holidays and Notable Special Days in Great Britain
• January • 1st New Year's Day
• 5th Twefth Night • February • 1st Candlemas Day 圣烛节 • 14th Valentine‘s Day 情人节
• December • Advent 基督降临 • 25th Christmas • 26th Boxing Day
How to spend the holidays
Canal Holidays in the UK
• Take a UK canal holiday on the canals of England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland. Cruise scenic country and historic townscapes bye Holidays in the UK or
英美国家概况Unit10Sports,HolidaysandFestivalsinBritai
英美国家概况Unit10Sports,HolidaysandFestivalsinBritai英美国家概况参考译文翻译Unit 10 Sports, Holidays and Festivals in Britain(英国的体育运动、节假日)一、本单元重点内容Sports体育:1. football (足球), “Football hooligans” (“足球流氓”) and the FA (足球协会)2. tennis (网球) and Wimbledon (温布尔登)3. cricket and “fair play” （板球与“公平竞争”思想）4. golf (高尔夫球)5. horse racing (赛马): the Grand National {（英国一年一度的）全国越野障碍赛马}the Royal Ascot (皇家阿斯科特赛马会)Holidays and Festivals节假日:1. Christmas (圣诞节) and Three traditions of Christmas (圣诞节的三大传统习俗)2. The Boxing Day and its traditions (节礼日(圣诞节后的第一个工作日)和其传统习俗)3. Easter (复活节)4. Bonfire Night (Guy Fawkes Night) and the traditions{篝火之夜(盖伊福克斯之夜)和其传统习俗}5. The Battle of the Boyne (博茵河战役)6. Orange Marches (“奥伦治游行”)7. St Patrick’s Day (圣帕特里克节) and The Christian Trinity (基督教的三位一体)8. Hogmanay (苏格兰的除夕)9. Burns Night (彭斯之夜)10. Halloween (万圣节前夜)11. The Eisteddfod (威尔士诗歌音乐比赛会)二、本单元重、难点辅导Sports1. football and “football hooligans" in BritainFootball was invented in Britain.（足球运动起源于英国。
通用英语1(本科版)教学用书U2_festivals_and_holidays
UNIT 2 FESTIVALS AND HOLIDAYSCONTENTSPART I WARMING UP (1)PART II LISTENING AND SPEAKING (2)PART III READING (6)Words & Expressions (7)Word Study (10)Text Analysis (12)Beyond the text (14)PART IV GRAMMAR FOCUS (17)PART V WRITING (18)PART VI VIEWING (20)PART VII THE PRIDE OF CHINA (23)PART I WARMING UP Task教学目标：旨在引导学生简单介绍几个中外常见节日。
时间分配：10分钟教学步骤：1.学生了解任务要求，并用一句话介绍节日；2.学生与同伴互换答案并讨论；3.启发学生讨论节日由来以及庆祝方式。
Suggested answersPART II LISTENING AND SPEAKINGTask 1教学目标：旨在训练和提高学生的听力理解和信息速记的能力。
时间分配：10 分钟教学步骤：1. 学生了解练习的具体要求，迅速浏览练习内容；2. 教师针对听力材料中的生词和难词进行讲解；3. 放第一遍录音，学生边听边做笔记；3. 放第二遍录音，学生答题；4. 检查和点评学生答题情况。
ScriptA: How did you celebrate New Year’s Day, Shirley?B: I went back to my hometown and had a joyful family reunion.A: How will you spend your summer vacation, staying at home or going on a trip, Peter?B: I prefer staying at home because most places are overcrowded with people.A: Hi, Mike. How was your holiday?B: It was terrific! I went to Sanya with a close friend.A: Did you enjoy your vacation, Jack?B: Absolutely! I’m feeling relaxed and refreshed right now.A: What did your family do during the holiday, Judy?B: My parents went fishing while I went hiking.Task 2教学目标：旨在训练学生捕捉信息、速记要点的能力，并通过角色扮演练习口头表达。
07年自考“英语国家概况”资料（1）
《英语国家概况》考核⽬标 ⼀、英国部分 nd and People Different names for Britain and its parts 2.Origins of the Nation Arrival and settlement of the Celts Basis of modern English race： the Anglo-Saxons The Viking and Danish invasions King Alfred and his contributions The Norman Conquest and its consequences 3.Shaping of the Nation England's feudalism under the rule of William the Conqueror Contents and the significance of the Great Charter Origins of the English Parliament The Hundred Years' War with France and its consequences Consequences of the Black Death 4. Transition to the Modern Age The nature and consequences of the Wars of the Roses Henry VIII and the English Reformation Elizabeth I and Parliament Elizabeth's religious reform and her foreign policy Distinctive features of the English Renaissance The Civil Wars and their consequences The Commonwealth under Oliver Cromwell The Restoration and Glorious Revolution 5. Rise and Fall of the British Empire Whigs and Tories Agricultural changes in the late 18th century The English Industrial Revolution and its impact on the development of Britain The Chartist Movement and its consequences The building of the British Empire Britain and the First World War Britain and the Second World War Postwar Britain Thatcherism 6. Government and Administration The British Constitution Constitutional Monarchy in Britain The British Parliament and its functions The British government 7.Social Affairs Religion in British society Festivals and public holidays in Britain 8.Cultural Affairs The education system in Britain The college system and the tutorial system Quality papers and popular papers The BBC and its programs Sports in Britain Major forms of art in Britain ⼆、美国部分 1. Population， Race and Ethnic Groups Characteristics of the American population Black people and the Civil Rights Movement 2.American History （1600-1900） The 'discovery' of the New World Causes of the colonization of the New World The original 13 colonies The American War of Independence and its consequences Establishment of a federal form of government Consequences of territorial expansion and the Westward Movement The American Civil War and its impact on the development of the U.S Rapid growth of capitalism after the Civil War 3. American History （1900-1945） Economies growth in the early 20th century Progressivism and some of the reform efforts Role of the U.S. in WWI Characteristics of the 1920s Effects of the Great Depression on American society Franklin Roosevelt and the New Deal America in WWII 4. America in Postwar Era （1945-1980） Origins of the Cold War The Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan Effects of McCarthyism of on American society The postwar boom in the U.S U.S. China relations （1949-1972） The New Right and their Program 5. The U.S. Economy Factors that contribute to the fast growth of the economy Characteristics of the U.S. economy The importance of foreign trade Problems facing the U.S. economy 6. Political Institutions A workable form of government under the Constitution Separation of powers with checks and balances under the Constitution Safeguards for individual liberty under the Constitution Powers of the American President Powers of the House of Representatives Powers of the Senate The judicial system The two-party system and the characteristics of the two major parties 7. Education Characteristics of American education Elementary and secondary education in the U.S. Different types of colleges and universities The admission system in U.S. universities The role of the community college Continuing education Education reform in the 1980s and early 1990s 8.Literature Major American writers and their works Harlem Renaissance and black writing in American literature 9.Holidays and Festivals New Year's Day celebration in the U.S. Practices of Valentine's Day Easter in the U.S. Independence Day Halloween Thanksgiving Day Christmas 三、加拿⼤、澳⼤利亚、新西兰和爱尔兰部分 1. Canada Canada's geography and history Canada's geographical features Geographical regions and their characteristics The European discovery of Canada The rivalry between the British and the French Self-government and the founding of the Confederation 2. Australia Australia's geographical features Australia's geographical structure Factors that affect Australia's climate Composition of Australia's population Australia's built environment Political divisions in Australia 3. New Zealand New Zealand's geography Characteristics of New Zealand's climate Native plants and animals Historical background of New Zealand The Treaty of Waitangi 1840 Characteristics of Maori culture（Maoritanga） 4. Ireland Ireland's geographical features Climate in Ireland Ethnic composition of Ireland Languages in Ireland Irish Catholicism Conflict between the English and the Irish The issue of Northern Ireland。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Wearing green
Eating green
Good Friday
耶稣受难日是纪念耶稣生命中最高潮的一周(即“圣周”，又称“受难周”)中最 重大的日子。这一周是从复活节前的一个星期日(棕榈主日——耶稣光荣地进 入耶路撒冷城，民众手持棕榈枝欢迎他)开始，经复活节前的星期四(立圣餐 日——纪念耶稣与门徒进“最后的晚餐”时设立圣餐礼)和星期五(受难日—— 纪念耶稣为世人的罪被钉十字架而死)到复活节(星期日)结束。“圣周”的主题 也是《新约圣经》的核心内容——耶稣基督的受死和复活。 On the Friday before Easter, Christians commemorate the crucifixion(被钉十字 架；刑罚） of Jesus Christ. It is a day of mourning in church and special Good Friday services are held where Christians meditate(沉思，冥思） on Jesus‘ s suffering and death on the cross, and what this means for their faith. Calling it 'Good Friday' may seem a bit bizarre, but some people think that it was once called God's Friday or Holy Friday 在早期的基督教会，只有纪念耶稣复活的星期日才是举行节庆活动的圣 日。到了公元4世纪，复活节之前一周的每一天都被定为圣日，其中包括耶稣受 难日。许多基督徒都会觉得“Good Friday”(中文无法直译，而是根据发生的事 件直接译为“耶稣受难日”或“受难日”)这个名称不太合适。既然是耶稣钉十 字架 的日子，理应看作是“Bad Friday”。有人相信“Good”一词从“God”变化而 来， 本来意思是“God‟s Friday”(神的星期五)。还有人相信“Good”表示由耶稣殉
1月1日，一年一度的英 国伦敦新年大游行吸引 了来自英国、美国、日 本、德国、加拿大等地 的100多支游行队伍、 3000多名街头表演者参 加，展示的内容主要包 括卡通人物气球、各国 音乐舞蹈等。这是一对 父子坐在小火车上参加 英国伦敦新年大游行。
英国人在除夕的深夜，人们常常带上糕点和酒出去拜访亲 友。他们不敲门，就径直走进亲友家去。朝屋里迈进第一 只脚的人，预示着主人在新的一年里运气的好坏。如果迈 进第一只脚的人是个快乐、幸福、有钱的人，主人将全年 吉利；如果是个忧伤、不幸、贫穷的人，主人在新的一年 里将会遇到困难、倒霉。
圣帕特里克节(St. Patrick's Day) 是每年的3月17日，是为了纪念爱尔兰守护神圣帕 特里克。这一节日5世纪末期起源于爱尔兰，如今已成为爱尔兰的国庆节,美国从1737 年3月17日开始庆祝。
节日起源：
1:出生于公元三七三年左右的圣者帕特里克，原本是住在大不列颠岛的孩子，
在他十六岁那年被海盗给掳了去，然后被当成奴隶卖到爱尔兰 (Ireland) ，在被 囚禁的六年之中，他成了一个牧羊人。在这段苦难的生活中，他就寄托宗教的力 量来度过;他每天不断向天主祈祷，希望有一天能够回到自己家乡的土地上。就 在一天晚上的祈祷时，有一个声音传入他的耳中，告诉他快逃离牧羊的农庄，在 距离农庄约二百英哩远的岸边有艘船正在等着他，也因此他带着几个同伴，一起 划着船逃离爱尔兰，在欧洲大陆大约是今日法国的地方登陆。在这段逃离的期间， 他的神迹也渐渐的显露出来，也留下了许多神奇的传说，例如:每当他们处于饥 饿状况时，就会有野生动物在附近出现，让他们能够继续活下去。到了后来圣者 帕特里克又回到爱尔兰宣扬宗教时，更多神奇的传说围绕着他。终其一生圣者帕 特里克都留在爱尔兰，把宗教的光芒带到岛上的每个角落，建立教堂和学校教育 人民，在爱尔兰有许多教堂和学校都以他命名。因此爱尔兰人为了纪念这个守护 着他们的圣者，就以他去世的日子三月十七日，定为爱尔兰最重要的节日之一" 圣帕特里克节" 。
“受难日”是纪念耶稣之“死”。这一天信徒们身穿深色服装，参加礼拜仪式时言容肃穆。天主教 徒在祷告时还要将蜡烛顺次熄灭，使教堂暗黑。仪式上要诵读《旧约· 以赛亚书》里的几节经文。 以赛亚是古代的希伯来先知，他似乎是预言了基督受难，天主教会称这段文字为“受苦仆人”经 文。 对耶稣受难日这个节日，天主教、东正教以及基督教圣公会、信义会和其他一些派别都有礼拜仪 式。在许多地方，不同教派在这一天联合举行礼拜，表示团结合一。
New Year's Day is the first day of the year. it is celebrated on January 1.
英国的新年庆祝活动大都在 除夕火夜举行，“迎新宴会” 便是其中之一，这种宴会分 为“家庭宴会”和“团体宴 会”两种，宴会通常从除夕 晚上 8时开始中直至元旦凌晨结 束。宴会上备有各种美酒佳 肴和点心，供人们通宵达量 地开怀畅饮。午夜时分，人 们打开收音机，聆听教堂大 钟的新年钟声，钟声鸣响时， 人们举杯祝酒，尽情欢呼， 高歌《往昔的日光》。
圣餐礼
圣餐礼，是为纪念耶稣受难日而举行的一种仪式。这个仪式是耶稣在和门徒们共进“最 后的晚餐”时创立的，当时他已经知道门徒中有人出卖了他。《马太福音》第26章： “他们吃的时候，耶稣拿起饼来，祝福，就掰开，递给门徒，说：‘你们拿着吃，这是 我的身体。’又拿起杯来，祝谢了，递给他们，说：‘你们都喝这个，因为这是我立约 的血，为多人流出来，使罪得赦。但我告诉你们：从今以后，我不再喝这葡萄汁，直到 我在我父的国里同你们喝新的那日子。’”《新约· 哥林多前书》也提到使徒保罗将圣餐 礼传给信徒并阐明其纪念意义。天主教徒又把圣餐称作“圣体”。在领圣餐的仪式上， 主礼人对小块面饼和小杯葡萄酒(代表耶稣的肉和血)进行祝祷，然后分给正式教徒领食。 教徒通过这种象征性的领食缅怀耶稣基督及其言行。参加圣餐礼是增进并加强信徒与基 督之间和信徒相互间的沟通。各教别在领圣餐的细节上有所不同。东正教的圣餐用的是 发面饼，天主教则用无酵饼。大多数新教教派改葡萄酒为葡萄汁。有的教派要求领圣餐 的信徒必须受过坚信礼(参见“圣灵降临期”)。
British Festivals and Holidays
张敏
New Year‟s Day 新年，1月1日 St. Patrick‟s Day 圣帕特里克节，3月17日 Good Friday 耶稣受难日，复活节前一周的星期五 Easter Sunday 复活节，春分月圆后的第一个星期日 May Day五朔节，5月1日 Spring Bank Holiday 春季银行假日，5月最后一个星 期一 Summer Bank Holiday 夏季银行假日，8月最后一个 星期一 Guy Fawkes Day 盖伊福克斯节（烟火节），11月5日 Christmas Day 圣诞节，12月25日 Boxing Day 节礼日，12月26日
It is also a memorable occasion to make New Year's resolutions, which they hope
to fulfill in the coming year.
Saint Patrick's Day
St. Patrick„s Day, is an annual feast day, which celebrates Saint Patrick ,one of the patron saints（守护神；保护圣） of Ireland, and is generally celebrated on March 17.
According to some popular legends, he drove snakes out of Ireland. Snakes are Christian symbol of evil.
People celebrate this day by wearing green, having green food, and attending parades.
复活节的传统食品是肉食，主要有羊肉和火腿。它 们都具有一定的涵义。《圣经》记载：上帝要考验 亚伯拉罕，让他把独生子以撤献为播祭。亚伯拉罕 果真照办，在他举刀要杀以撤时，上帝命天使阻止 了他。这时，亚伯拉罕正好发现一只公羊，便把它 取过来献为燔祭，代替了他的儿子。因此用羊祭祀， 是过节的一个老传统。 以后,用羊作祭品祭祀上帝就 成了该节的习俗。吃火腿的习惯,据说是英国移民带 入的。当初，英国人用吃火腿表示对犹太人禁忌肉 食的蔑视，今天，已发展成纪念耶稣的传统食物。 不过，现在人们在复活节期间经常吃复活节罐头。
Jesus
It is traditional for all denominations to eat hot cross buns（上面有十字架形的 圣糕）
Easter
A special day that move each other
复活节（主复活日）是现今基督教徒的重要节日之一，定在每年 春分月圆之后第一个星期日。基督徒认为，复活节象征重生与希 望，乃纪念耶稣基督于公元33年被钉死后第三天复活的事迹。
Easter eggs are a very old tradition going to a time before . 古人常把蛋视为多子多孙和复活的象征。后来基督教徒又赋予蛋 新的涵义，认为它是耶稣墓的象征，未来的生命就是从其中挣脱 而出世的。复活节时人们把鸡蛋染成红色，代表耶稣受难时流出 的鲜血，同时也象征复活后的快乐。还有一种古老的习俗，是把 煮熟的鸡蛋送给街头的孩子们做游戏，他们把蛋往前滚，谁的蛋 最后破，谁就获得胜利，蛋全归他所有。
2:公元432年，圣帕特里克受教皇派遣前往爱尔兰劝说爱 尔兰人皈依基督教。他从威克洛上岸后，当地愤怒的异 教徒企图用石头将他砸死。但圣帕特里克临危不惧，当 即摘下一棵三叶苜蓿（三叶草)，形象地阐明了圣父、圣 子、圣灵三位一体的教义。他雄辩的演说使爱尔兰人深 受感动，接受了圣帕特里克主施的隆重洗礼。公元493 年3月17日，圣帕特里克逝世，爱尔兰人为了纪念他， 将这一天定为圣帕特里克节。