情态动词讲义
情态动词讲义
情态动词情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态认为可能、应当、必要等。
情态动词有一定的词义,但不全,不能单独作谓语,必须和不带to 的不定式连用(ought )除外。
一、must 的用法1.表示责任、义务,意为“必须”。
e.g. You must tell your reason.2.强调语气的肯定,意为“一定要”。
e.g. I must ask you your name.3.表示推测,意为“想必”。
e.g. Your brother must be in the library. I saw him just now.4.作“偏偏”解时。
e.g. Just when we were about to go for an outing, our baby must catch a bad cold.must的否定式及其答语1.当must意为“必须”时,否定式为needn’t,其否定形式也可用don’t have toe.g. ---- Must I finish my homework now?---- Yes, you must.& No, you needn’t/ don’t have to.2. 当要表达“绝对不可,不许”时,其否定式为must note.g. You mustn’t smoke , must you?3.表示“推测”时,其否定式为can’te.g. He must be telling lies.→ He can’t be telling lies.4.may作“允许”解时,可作它的否定答语e.g. ---- May I come in? ---- No, you mustn’t.二、can/ could 的用法1.表示能力或客观可能性e.g. A bird can fly. Anyone can make mistakes.2.表示允许或许可,可代替maye.g. You can go home now.Can I borrow two books at a time?3.在否定句、疑问句中表示怀疑或推测can/ could与be able to 用法的区别1.在表示“能够”(本身能力或客观的因素)这个意思时,可以通用。
高中英语语法讲义-情态动词
He may [might] be writing a letter. 他可能在写信。
They may [might] be going abroad next month. 他们可能在下个月出国。
③ 后接动词完成式,表示对过去可能发生的事进行推测:
另外,could还可与表示感知的动词(如see, hear, smell, taste, feel, understand等)连用表示的特定能力:
Looking down from the plane, we could see lights on the runway. 从飞机上向下看,我们可以看见机场跑道上的点点灯火。
2) 表示委婉的批评或责备:
You might have made greater progress. 你的进步本来可更大一些的。
You might at least have answered my letter. 你至少可以回我一封信嘛。
③ 表示“差点儿就要”:
I could have died laughing. 我差点儿笑死了。
二、may与might的用法
1. 表示允许
注意以下两种情况:
(1) 表示请求允许(即请求别人允许自己做某事),两者都可用,只是 might 表示的语气较委婉(但并不表示过去):
May [Might] I sit here? 我可以坐在这里吗?
1) 表示过去某事可能发生而实际上却并没发生:
A lot of men died who might have been saved.很多人本来可以获救的却死了。
It was really very dangerous. I might have killed myself. 那真的是太危险了,我差点没命了。
第03讲 情态动词(讲义)-中考英语一轮复习讲练测(全国通用)(学生版)_1
►第03讲情态动词(讲义)目录一复习目标掌握目标及备考方向二考情分析2023年中考情态动词考情分析三网络构建知识点头脑风暴四情态动词考向1.情态动词的概说和分类2.情态动词的特点3.情态动词的基本用法4.情态动词与相关易混点的辨析5.提升必考题型归纳五真题感悟中考情态动词经典考题【复习目标】1.弄清情态动词的概说和分类2.掌握情态动词的特点3.掌握情态动词的基本用法4.掌握情态动词与相关易混点的辨析【考情分析】课标要求:情态动词是中考英语动词考察的重点,课标要求:1.掌握情态动词的语法特征;2.知道情态动词的分类;3.掌握情态动词基本语境情态色彩。
重点考查:情态动词表猜测:一肯、一否、三不定must:一般用在肯定句里表示(“有根据的肯定猜测或推测”)must be肯定是,一定是can:一般用在否定句里表示(“有根据的否定猜测或推测”)can’t be不可能是用在疑问句里可以表示(“肯定的推测或猜测”)may ; might ; could:用于肯定句里表示(“毫无根据的猜测或推测”)。
并且语气依次逐渐减弱。
主要题型设置:主要考查情态动词辨析,考查角度以语境辨析为主。
考查形式主要以单项选择、完型填空、短文填空及语法填空为主。
情态动词题型命题规律【网络构建】情态动词是初中英语里的一个重要的语法项目,也是全国各省市中考试题的考查热点。
在备战2024年中考时,考生要牢记情态动词的结构和意义以及其表示推测时的用法,多做练习,在实践中加以区分。
(一)概说情态动词表示说话人的语气和观点.情态动词有一定的词义,但不能单独作谓语,它必须和表示动作或状态的不带to 的不定式(ought 除外)连用,构成复合谓语.情态动词只有情态意义,即它表示说话人对动作的观点,如需要、可能、意愿或怀疑等.情态动词主要有:can(could),may(might),must, ought to, need, dare(dared), have to(had to).此外shall, will, should, would 在一定场合下也可用作情态动词.(二)情态动词的分类:(1)只作情态动词:must;can/could;may/might;ought to(2)既可作情态动词又可作实义动词:need,dare(3)既可作情态动词又可作助动词:shall/should;will/would(4)具有情态动词某些特征:have/had to;had better考向二 情态动词的特点(1)情态动词无人称和数的变化(have to 除外);(2)情态动词后接动词原形;(3)情态动词的否定式是在其后加not; have to 除外(4)具有助动词的作用,可用来构成否定句、疑问句及用于简明答语;(5)个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式,过去式用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气,时态性不强,可用于过去、现在或将来。
英语语法讲义:情态动词
第四章情态动词(一)情态动词表示说话人对动作或状态的各种观点和态度,如需要、猜测、意愿或怀疑等。
情态动词有词义,但不完全,是所谓的“辅助性”动词,在句中不能单独充当谓语。
一、情态动词的特征和形式A. 情态动词的各种形式见下表:情态动词maymightcancouldmusthave toought towillwouldshallshouldneeddareused to否定式may notmight notcannot/can notcould notmust notdo not have toought not towill notwould notshall notshould notneed notdare notused not todid not use to简略否定式mayn't(老式英语,现在不常见)mightn'tcan'tcouldn'tmustn'tdon't have tooughtn't to (否定句中to可省略)won'twouldn'tshan't (只用于英国英语)shouldn'tneedn'tdaren'tusedn't todidn't use toB.情态动词除ought to, used to等外,后面只接不带to的不定式。
1.情态动词+doYou shouldn't be so careless. 你不该这样粗心大意。
Jessica told him yesterday she might not go on the trip.杰西卡昨天告诉他,她可能不去旅行了。
Difficulties can and must be overcome.困难能够而且必须克服。
2.情态动词+be doingShe must be listening to pop music.她肯定在听流行音乐。
情态动词语法讲解PPT课件
2表示“许可”和“不许”
a)请求对方“许可”可用can, could, may, might.
may/might较正式,could/might较委婉
表示给予“许可”通常用can/may,而不用 could/might
Could I use your phone? Yes, of course you can. Might I trouble you for a light? You may indeed.
表示将来的“必须”,常用have to的一定 形式(will/shall have to) 比较:
•We must do it again.(表示现在)
•We’ll have to do it again.(表示将来)
•表示过去的“必须”,常用had to
•I had to leave at six yesterday.
•They must be home by now.(他们现在一定到家了)
will/would表示“推测”可有三种情况
1)对特定事态的推测
A: Who’s that man over there? B: That will be George, no doubt. C: That would be George, I except.
• Can they have missed the bus?
• Yes, they may have.
may not重音落在助动词上,表示 “不可能”,重音落在否定词上,表 示“不许可” , 比较:
•He may not go tomorrow.
•He may not go tomorrow.
•所以在书面语中,表示“不可能” 常用can’t
情态动词(二)(讲义)
1. 基本掌握情态动词ought to、need等词的基本含义和用法。
2. 系统掌握情态动词用于表推测的用法和“情态动词+have done”的特殊含义。
重点:情态动词表示推测的基本用法与区别。
难点:识记并掌握“情态动词+have done”的特殊含义。
1. 情态动词是英语语言当中一个非常重要的元素,在各类文章和题型中经常出现,并且在高考语法填空和短文改错中也多有考查。
2. 情态动词的基本用法在阅读和书面表达当中也有着非常重要的影响,尤其是在写作中考生经常在情态动词用法上出错,需要引起重视。
ought to的用法By now his restaurant ought to be full of people.到了这个时候,他的餐馆本来应该是顾客盈门的。
1. ought to意为“应该,应当”,其后必须跟动词原形,只有一种形式,没有人称和数的变化。
2. ought to表示推测,暗含很大的可能性;还可表示“有义务或责任做某事”,语气比较强;还可表示“建议或劝告”。
3. ought to的否定形式为ought not to或oughtn’t to,其一般疑问句形式是将ought置于主语前。
4. “ought to+have done”结构相当于“should+have done”结构,表示“本应该做某事而事实上并没有做”,其否定结构表示“不该做某事实际上却做了”。
①You ought to make an apology to Joan.你应该向Joan道歉。
②Jeffrey ought to be there by now.Jeffrey现在应该在那儿了。
③You ought not to / oughtn’t to be late for such an important meeting.这么重要的会议你不应该迟到的。
④Ought I to hand in my composition now?我应该现在把我的作文上交吗?⑤You are late. You ought to / should have arrived five minutes earlier.你迟到了,你本应该早五分钟到的。
15情态动词讲义
语法专项突破九:情态动词一、基本含义:1.can/could1)表示能力2)表示请求和允许,表示请求,口语中常用could代替can2.may/might1)表示允许、许可:might更加委婉;2)may用于祈使句中表示祝愿;May you be happy every day.3.must1)表示必须,应当(注意与have to的区别;否定形式为needn’t表示没有必要;mustn’t表示禁止,不准许)2)表示“偏要,硬要”做某事Must you talk so loudly while others are sleeping?4.have to:“必须;不得不”(客观)5.should:1)表示劝告和建议,作“应该”讲2)表示意外,惊异。
作“居然”You can never imagine a gentleman should be so rude.6.shall:1)用于第一、三人称,表示征求对方的意见2)用于第二、三人称的陈述句,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁;此外,当颁布法律、规定时也用shall①You shall get an answer from me by tomorrow.②Shall he take the place of the former secretary?7.will/would1)用于表示意志或意愿2)表示“请求;建议”。
用would比will委婉、客气些3)表示过去存在的习惯性动作:She would listen to music,alone in her room,for hours.8.need表示“需要;必要”,用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句中9.dare:表示“敢;敢于”,主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中,一般不用于肯定句。
I daresay是习惯说法,意为“我想,大概”。
10.ought to表示劝告或建议特别提醒:1.表示经过努力而成功地做成某个具体事情时,一般用was/were able to,不用could The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out.尽管大火迅速蔓延到了整个宾馆,但是每个人都逃了出去。
情态动词讲义
情态动词一。
Can、could 的用法:1.表示能力,意为“能够:注:be able to do sth 表示有能力克服困难做成某事。
区别:She can speak English but she can‟t speak Spanish.Despite his hardship he is able to drive a car.2.表示请求许可,意为“可否“或”“可以“。
Can I smoke here ?You can‟t pick flowers in this park.3.表示可能性,含有惊讶,怀疑的语气,用于否定句和疑问句中,此时can和could通用。
●表示对现在或将来情况的猜测:can/ could do sth /be …●表示对正在发生的事情的判段:can / could sb be doing sth ?can‟t /couldn‟t be doing…●表示对过去情况的猜测:can/ could sb have done sth ?can‟t /couldn‟t have done sth注意:could have done sth 的肯定式表示虚拟,意为“本来可以做。
”The light is on , so he ____________ ( 不可能正在睡觉)now .She ___ have left school, for her bike is still here.A. can‟tB. wouldn‟tC. shouldn‟tD. needn‟t二.may / might 的用法:1. 表示许可,意为“可以”You may keep the book for two weeks.2. 表示可能性,用于推测,用在肯定句中。
此时may 和might 通用。
●表示对现在正在发生情况的推测:may /might be doing sth●表示对过去已经发生的情况推测:may / might have dong sth他可能正在车站等你.____________________________________________He looks so depressed. He _______________________ ( 可能已经得知此事了)。
情态动词精讲(全)
情态动词精讲Modal Verbs情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,但要与动词原形一起使用,给谓语动词增添情态色彩,表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法,认为其可能、应该或必要等。
基本助动词与情态助动词(两种助动词)最主要的区别之一是,基本助动词本身没有词义,而情态助动词则有自己的词义,能表示说话人对有关动作或状态的看法,或表示主观设想。
牢记的两句话:肯定句中一定没有can have done的形式;Mustn’t have done无论如何都不存在。
可以表示虚拟的情态动词:could ,might, should, would, need可以表示推测的情态动词:could, might, should, must, may, can(否,疑)(虚拟与事实相反,推测与事实相一致)综述:情态动词表推测的用法小结(一)情态动词表推测的三种句式1.在肯定句中一般用must (一定),may(可能),might / could(也许,或许), should (按理说应该);(1)He must/may/might know the answer to this question.他一定/可能/也许知道这个问题的答案。
(2)It is cold in the room. They must have turned off the heating.屋里很冷,他们肯定把暖气关了。
(3)It’s seven o’clock. Jack should/ought to be here at any moment.现在七点钟了,杰克理应随时到达。
(推测)2.否定句中用can’t / couldn’t(不可能), may not/might not(可能不),shouldn’t (按理说应该不);(1)It can’t/couldn’t be the headmaster. He has gone to America.这不可能是校长,他去美国了。
第10讲 情态动词(讲义)(解析版)
第10讲情态动词目录01 考情透视.目标导航 (2)02 知识导图.思维引航 (3)03 考点突破.考法探究 (3)考点一情态动词的基本用法知识点1 情态动词的基本含义和用法 (4)知识点2 情态动词+have done的用法 (8)考点二虚拟语气知识点1 if条件句的虚拟语气用法 (9)知识点2 (should)+动词原形的虚拟语气 (9)知识点3 虚拟语气特殊句式 (11)04真题练习·命题洞现1.真题实战 (11)2.命题演练 (12)考点一情态动词的基本用法知识点1 情态动词的基本含义和用法情态动词:本身具有一定的意义,用于表达说话人的情感态度、语气或主观设想。
情态动词不能独立作谓语,必须与动词原形一起构成谓语。
情态动词在特殊语境具有特殊含义(如:must“非得;偏要”,should“竟然”,shall用于第二、三人称表示警告、命令、威胁、允诺、规定等)是高考的热点和难点。
常见情态动词的基本用法是高考考查的重点。
必须根据具体语境判断使用相应的情态动词。
类别:1. 只作情态动词,如may, might, must, can等。
2. 既作情态动词又作实义动词,如need, dare。
3. 具有情态动词特征的动词词组,如have(had, has) to, used to, ought to。
4. 可做情态动词又可作助动词,如shall(should), will(would)。
一can/could的用法1.表示能力,could表示过去的能力。
That’s when APL can make a difference.(2021年上海卷听力)这就是APL能够发挥作用的时候。
How long can you balance on one leg?你单腿能站多久?2.表示可能(理论上或是逻辑上)。
He can't/couldn't have enough money for a new car.他不可能有足够的钱买一辆新车。
情态动词讲义
情态动词讲义情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should), will (would), dare (dared), need (needed),ought to(否定式:ought not to;简略式:oughtn’t to)等。
情态动词无人称和数的变化;不能单独使用,必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语一、can, could1) 表示能力(体力、知识、技能)。
e.g. Can you lift this heavy box?(体力)Mary can speak three languages.(知识)Can you skate?(技能)此时可用be able to代替。
can只有一般现在时和一般过去式;而be able to则有更多的时态。
e.g. I’ll not be able to come this afternoon.当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to,不能用can。
如:e.g. He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.Although he can’t swim, yet he was able to cross the river.2) 表示请求和允许。
e.g. -----Can I go now?----- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.此时可与may互换。
在疑问句中还可用could, might代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,不能用于肯定句和答语中。
e.g. ---- Could I come to see you tomorrow?---- Yes, you can. ( No, I’m afraid not. )3) 表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)。
初中英语情态动词讲义全
初中英语情态动词讲义全一、选择题1.When you visit a museum, some instructions should ________ and we’d better not ________ them.A.pay attention to; be against B.be paid attention; againstC.be paid attention to; against D.be paid attention to; be against2.To my joy, we_________ go to the bank. Mary has lent us some money.A.shouldn’t B.needn’t C.couldn’t D.wouldn’t 3.—Mum, why do I have to wear a mask before entering the supermarket?—For your health and safety, you ________ be too careful.A.shouldn’t B.can’t C.mustn’t D.needn’t 4.—Hurry up, Jack! Let’s cross the road as fast as possible.—No, you ________. Don’t you see the light is still red?A.couldn’t B.wouldn’t C.mustn’t D.needn’t 5.—There is a knock at the door.—It ________ be my mom. She always comes back home at this time.A.may B.may not C.must D.can’t6.We shouldn’t throw any objects from the building. Even a small object ________ cause serious injuries or death, when dropped from a great height.A.must B.should C.may D.need7.— ________ you give me a hand? I can’t put up the poster by myself.—No problem.A.Could B.Should C.Need D.Must8.— Is Lang Lang going to perform at Art Center this Friday?— Yes. It ________ be him. He has been here for three days.A.might B.must C.mustn’t D.may9.—How do you like my new dress?—Well, if I ________ say, it is not suitable for you.A.may B.must C.have to D.should10.You'd better __________ hard from now on, __________ you will fail the exam. A.work; and B.working; or C.working; and D.work; or 11.Hurry up, or we ________ miss the beginning of the film.A.should B.must C.may D.have to12.— Mom, must I clean my room now?— No, you ________. You can do it after dinner.A.needn’t B.mustn’t C.shouldn’t D.can’t13.If you buy your mum an iRobot floor cleaner, she ________ sweep the floor every day. A.can’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.shouldn’t 14.Please don't make so much noise. I ________ hear the speaker very well.A.needn't B.can't C.shouldn't D.mustn't15.The boy is very brave.I ________ he ________ the tall tree.A.dare say; dares to climbB.dare to say; dare climbingC.dare saying; dares climbD.dare to say; dares climbed16.---Will you be back early this evening?---Yes, but I ________ be a little late. Our boss sometimes has extra work for us.A.may B.must C.need D.will17.We’ve d iscussed every detail of this plan and have got everything ready. But still something __________ go wrong. We still have to be very careful.A.must B.should C.would D.may18.You ______ pay too much attention to your pronunciation, as it is so important in the oral (口头的) test.A.shouldn’t B.mustn’t C.can’t D.needn’t 19.—Shall we go camping this summer holiday?—Nothing________be better.A.should B.could C.must D.may20.You ________ write the report again because spelling mistakes are not allowed at all. A.must B.can C.may D.could 21.—Mum, I bought some strawberries on my way home.—Oh, you’re so sweet. But the strawberries ________ be put into the fridge for freshness. A.must B.can C.may D.need22.— Listen! Tom ________ be listening to the music while doing his homework.—Let’s go upstairs to remind him to turn it off.A.should B.could C.would D.must23.I think all the students love the weekends because, to them, they ________ get up early on Saturdays or Sundays.A.mustn’t B.don’t need C.needn’t D.can’t24.— Is the boy over there Tom? He often wears a jacket like that.— It _______ be him. He is absent from school today.A.needn’t B.shouldn’t C.mustn’t D.can’t25.Cars ________ give way to walkers on some roads in Binhai, or the drivers will be fined. A.may B.will C.can D.must 26.You’ve got an A in the maths test again. You ________ be good at it.A.can B.may C.must D.should 27.Mr. Black ________ be at home now. He went abroad on vacation last Friday.A.can’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.shouldn’t 28.— The sandstorm in Beijing is so serious this year.— Yes, I wonder when we ________ worry about the air we breathe.A.can’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.shouldn’t 29.— Excuse me, could you tell me where the Nanjing Brocade Museum is?— Go along this road for five minutes. You ________ miss it. It’s a huge building.A.mustn’t B.can’t C.needn’t D.shouldn’t 30.—How beautiful the winter jasmines (迎春花) are!—Yes. These golden-yellow flowers ________ be widely seen in my city in March.A.must B.can C.would D.should 31.According to the rule, used batteries ________ be dropped in the red bin for harmful wastes. A.may B.would C.should D.might32.—In China, many students have to stay up late to do their homework.—No worries. The government has realized the problem. I’m sure there ________ b e good news soon.A.can B.should C.must D.need33.—I don’t care what people think.—Well, you _______ . Some opinions are worth weighing.A.should B.might C.could D.would34.—I think they are enough. We ________ make so many chairs.—I don’t think so. Beca use nearly a quarter of them need ________.A.don’t need to; mending B.needed; to be mendedC.don’t need; mend D.need; to mend35.You ________ be careful with the camera. It costs!A.can B.will C.should D.may36.It’s of great importance to protect the envi ronment. Each of us ________ take an active part in it.A.can B.may C.would D.should37.—Do we have to finish this today?—Yes, you ________ . Today is the last day.A.would B.may C.can D.must38.Sorry, smoking is not allowed here. If you ________ , you will be fined according to the rules. A.can B.will C.may D.must39.—Who is singing next door? It sounds like a young girl’s voice.—It _________ be Jane. But she seldom sings English songs.A.need B.must C.may D.can40.For the safety of the passengers, objects like guns ________ be carried on board.A.may not B.needn’t C.might not D.mustn’t【参考答案】一、选择题1.D解析:D【详解】句意:当你参观博物馆时,应该注意一些说明,我们最好不违反它们。
常见情态动词讲解
常见情态动词讲解、情态动词的定义:情态动词有词义,但它不能单独作谓语,它必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。
情态动词没有人称和数的变化;它的后面必须跟动词原形二、情态动词的种类:三、情态动词的用法及主要句型:1、Can I help you ——Yes, please. / No, thanks.2、Can + 主语+ 动词原形Yes, ~can. No, ~can't.3、Can I borrow your book -- Y es,of course.4、Can I write on the book No, you can 't mustn't.5、Could \Can you help me - Yes,of course.\Certainly.\ Sure.6、Could \Can you tell me the way to the Zoo7、May I come in Come in, please.8、Sorry, please don ' t.9、May I have some Coke --- Yes, of course.10、May/ Could / Can I speak to Tom Speaking. Who's calling11、should 、shouldn 't 表示劝告:1) He should get up early.2) She shouldn 't play computer game too much.12、Should + 主语+ 动词原形Yes, ~should.\ No, ~shouldn ' t.13、表示建议“你愿意⋯吗” ---Would you like to go shopping with me--- Yes, I 'd love to. /I 'd love to. But I 'm busy now.14、就餐用语Would you like something to eat\drink Yes, I 'd like ⋯15、shall 用于第一人称(I, we), 可以表示“将”和表示建议“⋯⋯好吗”1) Where shall we have dinner2) Shall we go fishing --- All right. \OK. \Good idea.16、Must + 主语+ 动词原形---Yes, ~must.\No, ~needn't. 四.常见情态动词的区别:1. can (could)1) 表示能力,could 主要指过去时间。
情态动词讲义
情态动词情态动词主要用来表示说话人的看法、态度等。
情态动词本身虽有一定的意义,但它必须和动词一起构成谓语。
情态动词没有人称和数的变化(但have to除外),后接动词原形。
常用的情态动词有:can,could,may,might ,must,have to,will shall,should, need等。
一表能力(1) 一般能力用can或be able to都可, 均有过去时的变化。
(2) was / were able to除表示过去的能力以外还可以表示过去设法做成某一具体动作。
A blind man can not / is not able to judge colours .He could / was able to swim like a fish when he was young .The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to survive ..二表推测⑴may /might语气最弱, 多用于(肯,否)定句⑵can/ could 语气肯定,多用于(?/否/!)句中⑶must表示强烈的肯定,①+动词原形(现在)②+ have done(过去)③+be doing(正在)只用于肯定句Some people who don’t like to talk much are not necessarily shy;they may just be quiet people.—I don’t really like James. Why did you invite him?—Don’t worry. He might not come. He said he wasn’t certain what his plans were.Look, someone is coming . Who can it be ?You can’t be hungry already—you had lunch only two hours ago.— Hi, Tom. Any idea where Jane is?—She must be in the classroom. I saw her there just now.You must be hungry now after a long journey .You must have been hungry because you ate much then .He must be waiting for us now .Hurry up .. ▲It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it can be rather cold sometimes.▲Peter can be really difficult at times even though he’s a nice person in general.三表请求,允许,建议第一人称:Shall/ May /Might/ Can/ Could I/ We…?第二人称:Would/ Will you…?第三人称:Shall he/ she/they…?—May I borrow your dictionary?—Yes, of course you can.(请求尽量委婉,回答尽量肯定)—The room is so dirty. Shall we clean it?—Of course.—Shall he come to see you ?—Of course, please. And I’d rather he told me the truth.—Would you do me a favor?— Of course I will .四“情态动词+ have done”的用法:(1) 表推测must have done 过去一定…… (无否定形式)can’t /couldn’t have d one 过去不可能…may/might have done 过去可能……(2) 表虚拟could have done 过去本能, 而实际上未做should/ought to have done 过去本该, 而实际上未做shouldn’t/ought not to have done 过去本不该, 而实际上做了needn’t have done 过去本不必, 其实已做should/would like/ love to have done 过去本想做却没做would rather have done 宁愿已做某事却没做Jack described his father, who must have been a brave boy many years ago, as a strong–willed man .I couldn’t/can’t have gone through that bitter period without your generous help.—I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to the railway officials.—How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone might/may have stolen it.He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he could have expressed it differently.They should have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I needn’t have taken the trouble to carry my umbrella with me.I would like to have cleaned the room , but I was asked to water trees .五情态动词其他用法要点:1. Should(1) 表特殊语气: 竟然,竟会You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman should be so rude to a lady.(2) 用于条件句: 表可能性,万一,如果This printer is of good quality. If it should break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.(3) 表推测:(按理讲)应该The photos should be ready by tomorrow morning.2. Must(1) 表示“偏要,硬要做某事”。
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情态动词
一、can, could
1) 表示能力(体力、知识、技能)。
此时可用be able to代替。
Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式;而be able to则有更多的时态。
当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to,不能用Can。
2)表示请求和允许。
此时可与may互换。
在疑问句中还可用could,
might代替,不是过去式,只是语气更委婉,不能用于肯定句和答语中。
3)表示客观可能性(客观原因形成的能力)。
4)表示推测(惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度),用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。
二、may, might
1)表示请求和允许。
might比may语气更委婉,而不是过去式。
否定回答时可用can’t 或mustn’t,表示“不可以,禁止”。
2)用于祈使句,表示祝愿。
3)表示推测、可能性(不用于疑问句)。
4)might不是过去式,它所表示的可能性比may小。
三、must, have to
1)表示必须、必要。
在回答引出的问句时,如果是否定的,不能用mustn’t(禁止,不准),而用needn’t, don’t have to(不必).
2)must是说话人的主观看法,而have to则强调客观需要。
Must只有一般现在时,have to 有更多的时态形式。
3)表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句)
四、dare, need
1)dare作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared。
2)need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。
在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。
3)dare和need作实义动词用时,有人称、时态和数的变化。
在肯定句中,dare后面常接带to的不定式。
在疑问句和否定句中,dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。
而need后面只能接带to的不定式。
五、shall, should
1)shall 用于第一人称,征求对方的意见。
2)shall 用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
六、will, would
1)表示请求、建议等,would更委婉。
2)表示意志、愿望和决心。
3)would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。
would表示过去习惯时比used to正式,且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。
4)表示估计和猜想。
七、should, ought to
1) should, ought to表示“应该”,ought to表示义务或责任,比should语气重。
2)表示劝告、建议和命令。
should, ought to可通用,但在疑问句中常用should。
3)表示推测should , ought to (客观推测), must(主观推测)。
总结
can 表示能力,意为“能会”
表示推测,意为“可能”,常用于否定句和疑问句中
表示请求,允许,意为“可以”
could can 的过去式,意为“能、会”,表示过去的能力
在疑问句中表示委婉请求
may 表示请求、许可,意为“可以”
表示推测,常用于肯定句中,意为“可能、也许”
might may的过去式
表示推测,常用于肯定句中,意为“可能、也许”
must 表示主观看法,意为“必须、应该”
表示有把握的推测,用语肯定句
Need 表示需要、必须,主要用于否定句和疑问句中
dare 表示敢于,主要用于否定句和疑问句中
should 意为“应该”,表示要求和命令
表示劝告、建议
had better 意为“最好”,表示建议
used to 意为“过去常常,表示过去的动作、行为。