学术交际英语
学术交际英语4课件
Develop the ability to construct logical arguments and support them with evidence from reliable sources.
Public Speaking Skills
促进学术交流
通过学术交流英语，可以了解国际学术前沿和动态，借鉴他人的研究成果和方法，提高自己的学术水平。
提高学术水平
掌握学术交流英语是发表国际期刊论文的必备条件，能够提高论文的被引率和影响力。
发表国际期刊论文
The Importance of Academic Communication English
Debate Techniques
04
Cross cultural communication in academic communication English
文化差异对学术交流的影响
学术交流中，来自不同文化背景的参与者可能会使用不同的沟通方式和表达习惯。了解和尊重这些文化差异有助于提高学术交流的效率和效果。
理解复杂句型和长难句
在阅读过程中保持批判性思维，对文献内容进行深入分析和评价。
批判性阅读和分析
reading comprehension
学术写作规范
遵循学术写作的规范和格式，如引用格式、论文结构等。
准确使用学术词汇和术语
熟悉并准确使用特定学科领域的词汇和术语，提高写作的专业性和说服力。
清晰的结构和逻辑
Gain confidence and fluency in delivering clear and coherent academic speeches in English.
国际学术交流英语U2T3
• Sample 5: • stand a chance • Though his health is not in a very good condition, he still stands a good chance of winning the championship in boys’ 400metre race, as he has no rivals in this event.
• 2. attach • To the document we attached several riders, which form an integrated part of the contract we signed last week. • Sample 2: • via • As soon as we receive your confirmation of the contract, we’ll have all the samples of the foods you ordered sent to you via airmail.
• 3) It is a great honour/pleasure to acknowledge/appreciate/express thanks to ( Prof Black ) for presenting the thesis titled (“Study on Stator Field Orientation Control Method ”). • 4) On behalf of the conference secretariat, we feel it a great honour to inform you that your thesis titled (“Supportive Communication and School Outcomes for Academically At-risk and Other low Income Middle School Students ”).
学术交际英语第一部分第4章
3）Overuse of articles
4）Confusion of “a” and “an”
eg.1 这里应该使用8伏的电池。 W: A 8-volt battery should be used here. R: An 8-volt battery should be used here. eg.2 在这里我们使用一个S形的管子。 W: A S-shaped tube is used here. R: An S-shaped tube is used here. eg.3 这是一个单位。 W: This is an unit. R: This is a unit.
eg.8 通过观察一种新药对病人的影响才能看出它的治疗效果。 W: Through observing the effect of a new kind of drug to patient, one can see its efficiency of cure. R: By observing the effect of a new drug on patients, one can see its therapeutic effect. eg.9 我们在讨论微分方程的时候，将把注意力集中在一次方程上。 W: During our discussion of differential equations, we shall restrict our attention to equations of the first degree. R: In our discussion of differential equations, we shall restrict our attention to equations of the first degree. eg.10 除了该电子外，氢原子还含有一个正质子。 W: Except the electron, hydrogen atom also contains a positive proton. R: In addition to the electron, a hydrogen atom also contains a positive proton.
国际学术交流英语单词词汇
国际学术交流英语单词词汇国际学术交流是一个涉及广泛的领域，涉及到各种学科和专业。
在这个领域中，有许多常用的英语单词和词汇，这些词汇对于参与国际学术交流的人来说非常重要。
以下是一些常见的国际学术交流的英语单词和词汇：1. Academic: 学术的，学术界的。
2. Conference: 会议。
3. Research: 研究。
4. Paper: 论文。
5. Publication: 出版物。
6. Scholar: 学者。
7. Collaboration: 合作。
8. Presentation: 演讲，展示。
9. Abstract: 摘要。
10. Peer review: 同行评议。
11. Citation: 引用。
12. Thesis: 论文，论题。
13. Dissertation: 学位论文。
14. Plagiarism: 抄袭。
15. Academic integrity: 学术诚信。
16. Grant: 资助金，补助金。
17. Symposium: 座谈会，研讨会。
18. Panel: 小组讨论。
19. Academic journal: 学术期刊。
20. Academic writing: 学术写作。
这些词汇涵盖了国际学术交流中的各个方面，包括会议、研究、出版、合作等。
在国际学术交流中，熟悉并正确运用这些词汇是非常重要的，可以帮助人们更好地参与到国际学术交流中去。
同时，这些词汇也反映了国际学术交流的复杂性和多样性，需要人们具备丰富的词汇量和专业知识才能更好地融入这个领域。
希望以上信息对你有所帮助。
学术交流英语第三单元作文
学术交流英语第三单元作文Academic exchange is an important aspect of scholarly pursuits. It allows researchers and scholars to connect with others in their field, share ideas, and collaborate on projects. These exchanges can take many forms, from conferences and symposiums to workshops and seminars. The benefits of academic exchange are numerous, as it fosters collaboration, promotes innovation, and enhances theoverall knowledge base of a discipline.Attending conferences is a common way for academics to engage in exchange. These events bring together researchers from around the world, providing a platform for them to present their work and receive feedback from their peers. The lively discussions and debates that occur during these conferences often lead to new insights and perspectives, pushing the boundaries of knowledge in the field.In addition to conferences, workshops and seminars also play a crucial role in academic exchange. These smaller,more focused events allow for in-depth discussions on specific topics. Participants have the opportunity to share their expertise and learn from others, leading to the development of new research ideas and collaborations. The intimate setting of these events encourages open dialogue and the exchange of diverse viewpoints.Collaboration is another key aspect of academic exchange. By working together, researchers can pool their resources and expertise, resulting in more robust and impactful research outcomes. Collaborative projects often involve researchers from different institutions and even different countries, bringing together a variety of perspectives and approaches. This diversity of thought and experience leads to more comprehensive and well-rounded research.In addition to the intellectual benefits, academic exchange also offers personal and professional growth opportunities. Through interactions with scholars from different backgrounds, researchers can broaden their horizons and gain a deeper understanding of global issues.These experiences can also enhance one's communication and networking skills, which are essential in today's interconnected world.In conclusion, academic exchange is a vital component of scholarly pursuits. It facilitates the sharing of ideas, promotes collaboration, and enhances the overall knowledge base of a discipline. Whether through conferences, workshops, or collaborations, researchers and scholars can benefit greatly from engaging in academic exchange. It is through these exchanges that new discoveries are made, innovative ideas are developed, and the boundaries of knowledge are expanded.。
国际学术交流英语 英语
国际学术交流英语英语英文回答：International academic exchange is a crucial aspect of higher education that fosters collaboration, innovation, and the dissemination of knowledge across borders. It involves the exchange of students, scholars, and researchers between institutions in different countries, enriching educational experiences and advancing scientific research.One of the primary benefits of international academic exchange is the exposure to diverse perspectives and methodologies. Students and scholars learn from experts in their fields from different cultural backgrounds, broadening their intellectual horizons and fostering cross-cultural understanding. This diversity of perspectives stimulates creativity, innovation, and the generation of new ideas.International academic exchange also facilitates the transfer of knowledge and skills. Students and researchers gain access to specialized knowledge, cutting-edge research facilities, and advanced technologies through exchange programs. This exposure enhances their academiccapabilities and prepares them for careers in a globalized world.Furthermore, international academic exchange promotes collaboration and networking. Collaborative research projects between institutions in different countries foster interdisciplinary approaches, pooling resources and expertise to address complex global challenges. Networks established through exchange programs facilitate ongoing communication and knowledge sharing, sustaining collaboration beyond the exchange period.Cultural exchange is another significant aspect of international academic exchange. Students and scholars immersed in different cultures develop a deeper understanding of global perspectives, break down stereotypes, and foster empathy for diverse communities.This cultural exchange enriches their personal and professional lives, preparing them to thrive in an increasingly interconnected world.In conclusion, international academic exchange plays a vital role in advancing higher education and research. It promotes intellectual growth, facilitates knowledge transfer, fosters collaboration, and enhances cross-cultural understanding. By embracing international exchange, institutions create opportunities for students, scholars, and researchers to shape a more interconnected and knowledge-driven global community.中文回答：国际学术交流是高等教育中至关重要的一环，它促进了跨境合作、创新和知识传播。
学术英语情景口语
学术英语情景口语学术英语情景口语主要用于学术交流和专业讨论。
以下是一些常见的学术英语情景口语：1、提出观点：In my opinion...From my perspective...I believe that...It seems to me that...I would argue that...2、表达同意：I agree with you.I think you're right.That's a valid point.I share the same view.I couldn't agree more.3、表达不同意：I see your point, but...I understand what you're saying, however...I have a different opinion.I respectfully disagree.I'm afraid I can't agree with that.4、发表意见：I'd like to add...May I contribute something?Can I share my thoughts on this?Allow me to express my viewpoint.I have a suggestion.5、询问问题：Could you elaborate on that?Can you give me more details?Do you have any evidence to support that?Could you clarify what you mean by...?Would you mind explaining it further?6、回应问题：That's an interesting question.Let me think for a moment.I'm not entirely sure, but I believe...My initial reaction is...I'll have to look into that and get back to you.7、引用他人研究：According to [Author],...[Author] argues that...In [Author]'s study, they found that... [Author] suggests that...As stated in the research conducted by [Author]...这些学术英语情景口语可以帮助你在学术场合中更流利地进行交流和讨论。
学术交际英语
• 3.1标题Title • 3.2摘要Abstract
关键词Keyword • 3.3引言Introduction • 3.4正文Body • 3.5结论Conclusion • 3.6致谢Acknowledge • 3.7参考目录Reference • 3.8附录Appendix • 3.9作者简介Author
3.1标题Title 1) 写作要求
标题不应过长 <=15word 多用专业术语及关键性词汇 不要使用缩略语形式和符号 可根据实际需要编写副标题
2) 写作常用表达
（1）名词短语
Design and Realization of the Radio Frequency Identification System
Optical Telescopes
使标题显得地道凝练
（2）动词短语和“on 短语”
Improving the Stability of Oscillators 振荡器稳定性的改进
试论大型实时传输系统的可能性 “试论”如何表
达？ On the Possibility of Large-Scale Real-
Algorithm
名词短语作前置定语或作状语可省略介词 使用
名词+of+A+介词+B
The advantage of TDMA over SCPC dependence of the output on the input
题目：电子望远镜对光学望远镜的优越性 译：Superiority of Electronic Telescopes to
被动语 射算法。
A new mapping algorithm is proposed, aiming at the mapping problem of network-on-chip.
英语学术交流会英语作文
英语学术交流会英语作文The English Academic Exchange ConferenceThe English Academic Exchange Conference was a momentous event that brought together scholars, researchers, and enthusiasts of the English language from diverse backgrounds and disciplines. Held at our esteemed university, the conference aimed to foster intellectual discourse, share knowledge, and explore new horizons in the field of English language studies.The opening ceremony kicked off with a welcome address by the dean of the English department, who emphasized the importance of academic exchange in promoting cultural understanding and linguistic diversity. Following the address, a series of presentations and panel discussions were held, covering a wide range of topics such as English literature, linguistics, translation studies, and English education.One of the highlights of the conference was the keynote speech delivered by a renowned English professor from a leading international university. His talk, titled "The Evolution of English Language and Its Global Impact," provided a fascinating insight into the historical development of English and its influence on global communication. The audience was captivated by his engaging delivery and profound insights.In addition to the presentations, the conference also featured interactive workshops and roundtable discussions, where participants had the opportunity to engage in lively discussions and exchange ideas with their peers. These sessions provided a platform for scholars to delve deeper into specific topics and explore new research avenues.Moreover, the conference was a great networking opportunity for participants. Many scholars and researchers established valuablecontacts and collaborations during the event, which will undoubtedly lead to future collaborations and advancements in the field of English language studies.Overall, the English Academic Exchange Conference was a resounding success. It not only enhanced our understanding of the English language and its diverse applications but also fostered a sense of community and shared purpose among scholars and enthusiasts of the language. We look forward to future conferences that will continue to expand the boundaries of knowledge and promote academic excellence in the field of English language studies.。
学术探讨与交流的英语作文
学术探讨与交流的英语作文1. I believe that academic discussion and exchange are crucial for the advancement of knowledge and understanding in any field.2. It's important for scholars to engage in open and respectful dialogue, where diverse perspectives can be shared and debated.3. Academic conferences and symposiums provide valuable opportunities for researchers to present their work, receive feedback, and connect with others in their field.4. In my experience, participating in academic discussions has helped me to refine my ideas, challenge my assumptions, and expand my knowledge base.5. I think it's essential for scholars to actively seek out opportunities for collaboration and exchange, whether through formal events or informal networking.6. By engaging in academic discussions, we can not only contribute to the collective body of knowledge, but also build relationships and support networks within our academic community.7. I believe that the spirit of intellectual curiosity and the willingness to engage in dialogue are fundamental to the academic endeavor.8. In conclusion, I am convinced that academic discussion and exchange are vital for the growth and development of scholarship in any discipline.。
国际学术交流英语 Unit 5
Unit 5 presentation of SpeechesTask 1Ceremony ['serɪmənɪ] n. 典礼，仪式；礼节Participant [pɑː'tɪsɪp(ə)nt] n. 参与者；关系者Uniqueness [jʊ'niknɪs] n. 独特性；独一无二Learning aidsSponsor ['spɑnsɚ] n. 赞助者；主办者Indicate ['ɪndɪket] vt. 表明；指出；预示Stimulate ['stɪmjə'let] v. 刺激；鼓舞，激励Announce [ə'naʊns] v. 宣布；述说；预示Accomplish [ə'kɑmplɪʃ] vt. 完成；实现；达到Goodwill n. [贸易] 商誉；友好；好意Remark n. 注意；言辞v. 评论；觉察Convene [kən'vi:n]vt. 召集;聚集;传唤Delegate ['dɛlɪɡət] vt. 委派…为代表n. 代表Municipal [mju'nɪsɪpl] adj. 市政的，市的；地方自治的Hearty adj. 衷心的；丰盛的；健壮的；精神饱满的Congress ['kɒŋgres]n. 国会；代表大会；会议Atomic [ə'tɒmɪk] adj. 原子的，原子能的Cordial ['kɔːdɪəl] adj. 热忱的，诚恳的Symposium [sɪm'pəʊzɪəm] n. 讨论会，座谈会；专题论文集Systemic [sɪ'stɛmɪk] adj. 系统的；全身的；体系的Desirable [dɪ'zaɪərəbl] adj. 令人满意的；值得要的Mushrooming adj. 迅速增长的Divergent [daɪ'vɝdʒənt] adj. 相异的，分歧的；散开的Ample adj. 丰富的；足够的；宽敞的Highlight ['haɪlaɪt] vt. 突出；强调；使显著n. 最精彩的部分；加亮区Non-sinusoidal [ˌsɪnə'sɔɪdl] adj. 非正弦的Tackle n. 滑车；装备；用具；扭倒v. 处理；抓住；Pharmaceutics [ˌfɑ:mə'sju:tɪks]n. 制药学；配药学Rehabilitation [ˌriːəˌbɪlɪ'teʃn] n. 复原Forum n. 论坛，讨论会；法庭Disseminate [dɪ'sɛmɪnet] v. 宣传，传播；散布Hemisphere [ˌhemɪsfɪə(r)]n. 半球Initiative [ɪ'nɪʃətɪv] n. 主动权；首创精神adj. 主动的；自发的Derive [dɪ'raɪv] v. 源于；得自Innovate ['ɪnəvet] v. 创新；改革；革新Ever-lasting adj. 持久的Memorable ['mɛmərəbl] adj. 显著的，难忘的Dedication [dedɪ'keɪʃ(ə)n] n. 奉献；献身Task 2Conduct [kən'dʌkt] vi. 导电；带领vt. 管理；引导；表现n. 进行；行为；实施Gratitude ['ɡrætɪtud] n. 感谢的心情Competent ['kɒmpɪt(ə)nt] adj. 胜任的；有能力的；能干的Doubtless ['daʊtləs] adv. adj.无疑地；确定地；大概，多半Immense [ɪ'mɛns] adj. 巨大的，广大的Tremendous [trə'mɛndəs] adj. 极大的，巨大的；惊人的Thermodynamics [ˌθɝmodaɪ'næmɪks] n. 热力学Concrete ['kɑŋkrit]adj. 混凝土的；实在的Biochemistry [ˌbaɪəʊ'kemɪstrɪ] n. 生物化学Paramount ['pærəmaʊnt] adj. 最重要的，主要的Tangible ['tændʒəbl] adj. 有形的；切实的Privilege ['prɪvlɪdʒ] n. 特权；优待Biomaterial [ˌ baɪomə'tɪriəl] n. 生物材料Forthcoming [ˌ fɔrθ'kʌmɪŋ]adj. 即将来临的n. 来临Task 3Toasts n. 干杯；烤面包vt. 烤；敬酒Sentiment ['sɛntɪmənt] n. 感情，情绪；情操Propose [prə'pəʊz] v. 建议；打算，计划；求婚Learning aidsRigid ['rɪdʒɪd] adj. 严格的；僵硬的，Toothpick ['tuθpɪk] n. 牙签Intrude [ɪn'trʊd] vt. 把…强加；把…硬挤vi. 闯入；侵入；侵扰Stain vt. 沾污；败坏；给…着色vi. 污染；被沾污；被染污Gaudy ['gɔdi] adj. 华而不实的；俗丽的n. 盛大宴会Delegation [ˌ dɛlɪ'ɡeʃən] n. 代表团；授权；Earnest ['ɜːnɪst] adj.n. 认真的，热心的Gracious ['greɪʃəs] adj. 亲切的；高尚的Banquet ['bæŋkwɪt] n. 宴会，盛宴Incomparable [ɪn'kɑmprəbl] adj. 无比的；无可匹敌的Tribute ['trɪbjuːt] n. 礼物；贡物；颂词Magnificent [mæg'nɪfəsnt] adj. 高尚的；壮丽的；华丽的Superlative [su'pɝlətɪv] adj. 最高的；最高级的Hallmark n. 特点；品质证明vt. 给…盖上品质证明印记；Reciprocate [rɪ'sɪprəket] v. 报答；互换；互给Fishery ['fɪʃəri] n. 渔业；渔场；水产业Prospect ['prɒspekt] n. 前途；预期；景色v. 勘探，找矿。
国际学术交流英语-Unit-4
Unit 4 international conferenceTask 1Plenary session n. 全体大会Adequate adj. 充足的；适当的Expertise ['ɛkspɝ'tiz] n. 专门知识；专门技术；专家的意见Tactful ['tæktfl] adj. 机智的；圆滑的；老练的Chairing manner 主持的方式Co-chairperson 共同主席Compliment ['kɒmplɪmənt] n. 恭维；称赞；vt. 恭维；称赞Familiarize [fə'mɪlɪəraɪz] vt. 使熟悉Learning aidsLaud vt. 赞美；称赞n. 赞美；称赞；颂歌Arouse 引起；唤醒；激发Recital [rɪ'saɪtl] n. 朗诵，吟诵；独奏会Biography [baɪ'ɑɡrəfi] n. 传记；档案；个人简介Anecdote [ˈænɪkdəʊt] n. 轶事；奇闻Acquaintance [ə'kwentəns] n. 熟人；相识Prestige [prɛ'stidʒ] n. 威望，声望；声誉Venue ['vɛnju] n. 会场；审判地；犯罪地点Projector [prə'dʒɛktɚ] n. [仪] 投影仪；放映机Refreshment [ri'frɛʃmənt] n. 点心；起提神作用的东西Rehearse [rɪ'hɝs] v. 排练；预演Podium [ˈpəʊdiəm] n. 乐队指挥台；矮墙Erect [ɪ'rɛkt] vt. 使竖立；建造；安装adj. 竖立的；笔直的；Announce [ə'naʊns] vt. 宣布；述说；预示；播报Allotted [ə'lɒtɪd] adj. 专款的；拨出的Decisive [dɪ'saɪsɪv] adj. 决定性的；果断的，坚定的Courteous ['kɝtɪəs] adj. 有礼貌的；谦恭的Impartially [im'pa:ʃəli] adv. 公平地；无私地Adjourn [ə'dʒɝn] vi. 休会；延期；换地方vt. 推迟Privilege ['prɪvlɪdʒ] n. 特权；优待；基本权利Symposium [sɪmˈpəʊziəm] n. 讨论会，座谈会；专题论文集Extraordinarily [ɪk'strɔdɪn(ə)rəlɪ] adv. 非常；格外地Assemble [ə'sɛmbl] v. 集合，聚集；装配Previously ['priviəsli] adv. 以前；预先Mentor ['mɛn'tɔr] n. 指导者，良师益友Toastmaster ['tostmæstɚ] n. 宴会主持人，主持人Millionaire [,mɪljə'nɛr] n. 百万富翁；大富豪Enlightening [ɪn'laɪtənɪŋ]adj. 使人领悟的；有启发作用的Task 2Backbone ['bækbəʊn] n. 支柱；主干网Propagate ['prɒpəɡeɪt] v. 传播；传送；繁殖；宣传Learning aidsConciseness [kən'saɪsnɪs] n. 简明，简洁；切除Digress [daɪ'ɡrɛs] vi. 离题；走向岔道Irrelevance [ɪ'rɛləvəns] n. 离题；枝节问题；不相关的事物Transitional [træn'zɪʃənl] adj. 变迁的；过渡期的Organic [ɔr'gænɪk] adj. [有化] 有机的；组织的Monotone [ˈmɔnəˌtəʊn] n. 单调；单音调adj. 单调的Alert [ə'lɝt] vt. 警告；使警觉，使意识到adj. 警惕的，警觉的；留心的Syllable ['sɪləbl]n. 音节Enunciate [ɪ'nʌnsɪet] v. 发音；阐明；宣布Enthusiastically [in,θju:zi'æstikəli] adv. 热心地；满腔热情地Ambivalent [æm'bɪvələnt] adj. 矛盾的；好恶相克的Slide n. 滑动；幻灯片Gracious ['ɡreʃəs] adj. 亲切的；高尚的；和蔼的；雅致的Gratitude ['ɡrætɪtud] n. 感谢的心情Unambiguously 清晰地Antibiotic [,æntɪbaɪ'ɑtɪk] adj. 抗生的；抗菌的Surgical ['sɝdʒɪkl] adj. 外科的；手术上的Coronary ['kɔrənɛri] adj. 冠的；冠状的；花冠的Hepatitis [heipə'taɪtɪs] n. 肝炎Expedite ['ɛkspədaɪt] vt. 加快；促进；发出Accelerate [ək'sɛləret] v. 加速；促进；增加Integration [ɪntɪ'greɪʃ(ə)n] n. 集成；综合Conscientious ['kɑnʃɪ'ɛnʃəs] adj. 认真的；尽责的；本着良心的Ideology [,aɪdɪ'ɒlədʒɪ; ɪd-] n. 意识形态；思想意识；观念学Embed [ɪm'bɛd] vt. 栽种；使嵌入，Unscrupulous [ʌn'skrupjələs] adj. 肆无忌惮的；寡廉鲜耻的Destructive [dɪ'strʌktɪv] adj. 破坏的；毁灭性的Task 3Retention [rɪ'tɛnʃən] n. 保留；扣留，滞留；Confirmation [,kɑnfɚ'meʃən] n. 确认；证实；证明；批准Learning aidsProceed [pro'sid] vi. 开始；继续进行；发生Illuminate [ɪ'lumɪnet] vt. 阐明，说明Desirable [dɪ'zaɪərəbl] adj. 令人满意的；值得要的Elaborate [ɪ'læbəret] adj. 精心制作的；详尽的；煞费苦心的Ergonomics ['ɝgə'nɑmɪks] n. 工效学；人类工程学Panel ['pænl]n. 仪表板；嵌板；座谈小组，Concur [kən'kɝ] vi. 同意；一致；互助。
国际学术交流英语 Unit 6
Unit 6 Application, Curriculum Vitae and Personal StatementTask 1Curriculum vitae [kəˌrɪkjələm'vitaɪ] 简历Association [əsəʊsɪ'eɪʃ(ə)n; -ʃɪ-] n. 协会，联盟，社团Unambiguously [,ʌnæm'bigjuəsli] adv. 不含糊地；明白地Aspiration [æspə'reɪʃ(ə)n] n. 渴望；抱负；呼气Differentiate [,dɪfə'renʃɪeɪt] v. 区分，区别Complementary [kɒmplɪ'ment(ə)rɪ] adj. 补足的，补充的Learning aidsCorrespondence [kɒrɪ'spɒnd(ə)ns] n. 通信；一致；相当Connection [kəˈnekʃn] n. 连接；关系；Eligible ['elɪdʒɪb(ə)l] adj. 合格的，n. 合格者Admittance [əd'mɪt(ə)ns] n. 进入；入场权Forthcoming [fɔːθ'kʌmɪŋ]adj. 即将来临的n. 来临Automation [ɔːtə'meɪʃ(ə)n] n. 自动化；自动操作Pursue [pə'sjuː] v. 继续；从事；追赶；纠缠Dramaturgical [,dræmə'tə:dʒikəl] 戏剧作法的Dramaturge ['dræmətɝdʒ] n. 剧作家Reproductive [,riːprə'dʌktɪv] adj. 生殖的；再生的Optimization [,ɒptɪmaɪ'zeɪʃən] n. 最佳化，最优化Co-founder n. 共同创立者Ideological [,aɪdɪəʊ'lɒdʒɪkəl] adj. 思想的；意识形态的Biomedical [baɪə(ʊ)'medɪk(ə)l] adj. 生物医学的Optoelectronic [,ɒptəʊɪ,lek'trɒnɪk] adj. 光电子的Conservation [kɒnsə'veɪʃ(ə)n] n. 保存，保持；保护Nonintrusive 无妨碍的，非干涉的Rigor ['rɪgɚ] n. 严厉；精确；苛刻；僵硬Obliged [ə'blaɪdʒd] adj. 必须的；感激的；有责任的Task 2Doctoral ['dɒkt(ə)r(ə)l] adj. 博士的；博士学位的；n. 博士论文Affiliation [əfɪlɪ'eɪʃ(ə)n] n. 友好关系；加入；联盟；从属关系Learning aidsUnderneath [ʌndə'niːθ] prep. 在…的下面；在…的形式下；在…的支配下adv. 在下面；在底下n. 下面；底部adj. 下面的；底层的Document ['dɒkjʊm(ə)nt] n. 文件，公文Reverse [rɪ'vɜːs] n. 背面；相反；倒退；失败vt. 颠倒；倒转adj. 反面的；颠倒的；反身的Coordinate [kəʊ'ɔ:dɪneɪt] n. 坐标；同等的人或物adj. 并列的；同等的v. 调整；整合，协调Customize ['kʌstəmaɪz] vt. 定做，按客户具体要求制造Implement ['ɪmplɪm(ə)nt] vt. 实施，执行；n. 工具；手段Innate [ɪ'neɪt; 'ɪneɪt] adj. 先天的；固有的；与生俱来的Install [ɪn'stɔl] vt. 安装；任命；安顿Resolve [rɪ'zɒlv] v. 决定；溶解，解决；n. 坚决；Gerund ['dʒerʌnd] n. 动名词Portion ['pɔːʃ(ə)n] n. 部分；一份；命运vt. 分配；给…嫁妆Parallel ['pærəlel] n. 平行线；对比adj. 平行的；类似的Boldface ['bəʊldfeɪs] n. 黑体字；粗体铅字Indent [ɪn'dent] vt. 定货；缩排；印凹痕vi. 切割成锯齿状n. 缩进；订货单；凹痕；契约Punctuation 美['pʌŋktʃʊ'eʃən] n. 标点；标点符号Criticism ['krɪtɪsɪz(ə)m] n. 批评；考证；苛求Aesthetic [iːs'θetɪk; es-] adj. 美的；美学的；审美的Quantitative ['kwɑntətetɪv] adj. 定量的；量的，数量的Macro-modulation [,mɒdjʊ'leɪʃən] 宏观调控Peril ['pɛrəl] n. 危险；冒险vt. 危及；置…于险境Integrate ['ɪntɪgreɪt] vt. 使…完整；使…成整体；求…的积分；表示…的总和vi. 求积分；取消隔离；成为一体adj. 整合的；完全的n. 一体化；集成体Amicable ['æmɪkəb(ə)l] adj. 友好的；友善的Conscientious [,kɒnʃɪ'enʃəs] adj. 认真的；本着良心的；小心谨慎的Diplomatic [dɪplə'mætɪk] adj. 外交的；外交上的；老练的Extrovert ['ekstrəvɜːt] n. 外向；外倾者；性格外向者Introvert ['ɪntrəvɜːt] vt. 使内向；使内倾；使内弯n. 内向的人；内翻的东西Task 3Learning aidsPivotal ['pɪvətl] adj. 关键的；中枢的；枢轴的n. 关键事物；中心事物Subsequent ['sʌbsɪkw(ə)nt] adj. 后来的，随后的Reiterate [riː'ɪtəreɪt] vt. 重申；反复地做Tangible ['tæn(d)ʒɪb(ə)l] adj. 有形的；切实的n. 有形资产Errand ['er(ə)nd] n. 使命；差事；差使Stereotype ['sterɪə(ʊ)taɪp] n. 陈腔滥调，老套；铅版Revelation [revə'leɪʃ(ə)n] n. 启示；揭露；出乎意料的事Envision [en'vɪʒ(ə)n] vt. 想象；预想Therapist ['θerəpɪst] n. 临床医学家；治疗学家Upfront [ʌp'frʌnt] adj. 预付的；在前面的；正直的adv. 在前面；Substantive ['sʌbst(ə)ntɪv] adj. 有实质的；大量的；真实的；独立存在的n. 名词性实词；独立存在的实体Typographic [,taɪpə'græfɪk] adj. 排字上的；印刷上的Conscientiousness ['kɒnʃəsnɪs] n. 意识；知觉；觉悟；感觉Incorporate [ɪn'kɔːpəreɪt] v. 包含，吸收；体现；把……合并adj. 合并的；一体化的；组成公司的Foster ['fɒstə] vt. 培养；养育，抚育；抱（希望等）adj. 收养的，养育的Solidify [sə'lɪdɪfaɪ] v. 团结；凝固Congestion [kən'dʒestʃ(ə)n] n. 拥挤；拥塞；充血Impart [ɪm'pɑːt] vt. 给予（尤指抽象事物），传授；告知Effectiveness [ɪ'fektɪvnɪs] n. 效力Strenuously ['strɛnjʊəsli] adv. 勤奋地；费力地Exempt [ɪg'zem(p)t] vt. 免除；豁免adj. 被免除的；被豁免的n. 免税者；被免除义务者Mandatory ['mændət(ə)rɪ] adj. 强制的；托管的；命令的Diligence ['dɪlɪdʒ(ə)ns] n. 勤奋，勤勉；注意的程度Consultative [kən'sʌltətɪv] adj. 咨询的Asset ['æset] n. 资产；优点；有用的东西；有利条件；Judicial [dʒuː'dɪʃ(ə)l] adj. 公正的，明断的；法庭的；审判上的Compassionate [kəm'pæʃ(ə)nət] adj. 慈悲的；富于同情心的vt. 同情；怜悯Enhance [ɪn'hɑːns; -hæns; ] vt. 提高；加强；增加。
学术交流英文作文
学术交流英文作文英文：Academic communication is an essential part of my life as a student. It allows me to exchange ideas and knowledge with my peers and professors, and it helps me to develop my critical thinking skills. In my experience, there are two main types of academic communication: formal and informal.Formal academic communication typically takes place in a classroom or lecture hall setting. It involves presenting information in a structured and organized manner, using appropriate academic language and referencing sources correctly. For example, when I give a presentation on a research paper, I use formal academic language and cite my sources to support my arguments.Informal academic communication, on the other hand, is more casual and takes place outside of the classroom. It can happen during study groups, coffee breaks, or evenonline forums. This type of communication is more free-flowing and allows for more personal connections with my peers. For example, when I discuss a topic with my classmates during a study group, we may use informal language and share personal experiences to better understand the material.中文：学术交流是我作为学生生活中不可或缺的一部分。
学科交流 英语范文
学科交流英语范文In the age of globalization and rapid technological advancements, the significance of interdisciplinary communication and collaboration has become increasingly apparent. As different fields of study converge and intersect, the need for cross-disciplinary understanding and proficiency grows exponentially. This article explores the importance of interdisciplinary communication, focusing on its benefits, challenges, and practical applications in the academic realm.**The Benefits of Interdisciplinary Communication**The integration of knowledge from diverse disciplines offers a unique perspective that can lead to innovative solutions. For instance, in the field of medicine, the convergence of biotechnology, pharmacology, and computer science has led to the development of precision medicine, a personalized approach to healthcare that takes into account genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. Similarly,in environmental science, the collaboration between biologists, geologists, and physicists has enabled a deeper understanding of the complex interactions between theEarth's systems and the development of sustainablesolutions to environmental challenges.Moreover, interdisciplinary communication fosters a culture of collaboration and teamwork, which is essentialfor addressing complex problems that requiremultidisciplinary approaches. By bringing together experts from different fields, we can leverage their collective knowledge and expertise to find comprehensive solutions.**Challenges of Interdisciplinary Communication**Despite its benefits, interdisciplinary communication also presents some challenges. Language barriers can arise due to the use of specialized terminologies and concepts within each discipline. This can lead to misunderstandings and communication gaps that can hinder effective collaboration. Additionally, different disciplines often have different research methods and approaches, which can make it difficult to integrate their knowledge and findings. To overcome these challenges, it is essential to establish a common language and framework for communication. This can be achieved through the development of interdisciplinary courses and workshops that introducestudents and researchers to the basic concepts and terminologies of different fields. Furthermore, fostering a culture of open communication and mutual respect can help break down barriers and promote effective collaboration.**Practical Applications of Interdisciplinary Communication in the Academic Realm**In the academic world, interdisciplinary communication is essential for promoting innovation and addressing complex problems. Many universities and researchinstitutions are now promoting interdisciplinary research and collaborations to foster innovation and addresssocietal challenges.For example, the field of bioinformatics combines computer science, statistics, and biology to analyze and interpret biological data. This interdisciplinary approach has led to significant breakthroughs in areas such as genomics and proteomics, which have had a profound impact on our understanding of human health and disease.Similarly, the field of sustainability science brings together experts from a range of disciplines, including engineering, social sciences, and natural sciences, toaddress the challenges of sustainable development. By integrating knowledge from different fields, sustainability scientists are able to develop comprehensive solutions that take into account social, environmental, and economic factors.In conclusion, interdisciplinary communication is crucial for fostering innovation and addressing complex problems in today's world. By bridging the gaps between different fields of study and fostering a culture of collaboration and teamwork, we can harness the collective knowledge and expertise of experts from diverse disciplines to create a more sustainable and innovative future.。
国际学术交流英语西安交大
国际学术交流英语西安交大**International Academic Exchange English Symposium at Xi'an Jiaotong University**English Content:As a renowned institution of higher learning, Xi'an Jiaotong University (XJTU) has always been at the forefront of promoting international academic exchanges. Recently, the university hosted an International Academic Exchange English Symposium, aiming to enhance the Englishproficiency of its students and faculty members involved in cross-cultural collaborations.The symposium kicked off with a welcoming address by the university's Vice President, who emphasized the importance of language proficiency in international academic communication. He pointed out that English, as a global language, plays a pivotal role in bridging cultural gaps and facilitating the exchange of ideas and knowledge. Following the opening ceremony, a series of workshops were conducted by experienced language instructors and international academic experts. These workshops covered awide range of topics, including effective communication strategies, cultural awareness in academic settings, and the nuances of academic writing in English. Participants were encouraged to actively participate in discussions and interactive exercises designed to improve their language skills.One of the highlights of the symposium was a panel discussion on the challenges and opportunities of international academic communication. Panelists, who consisted of leading academics from diverse backgrounds, shared their insights and experiences in navigating the nuances of academic discourse across cultures. They discussed the importance of maintaining a positive, respectful tone in written and verbal communication, and emphasized the role of continuous learning and adaptationin enhancing cross-cultural understanding.In addition to the workshops and panel discussions, the symposium also featured a mock academic presentation session. This session provided participants with an opportunity to practice their presentation skills in a simulated international academic conference setting.Participants were evaluated on their language fluency,clarity of ideas, and effectiveness in engaging with their audience.The event concluded with a closing ceremony, where the organizers presented certificates of completion to the participants. The Vice President concluded the ceremony by thanking all the participants, instructors, and sponsorsfor their valuable contributions to the symposium's success. He emphasized that the university would continue toprioritize international academic exchanges and language proficiency training in its efforts to cultivate globally competent students and faculty members.The International Academic Exchange English Symposiumat Xi'an Jiaotong University was a resounding success. It not only improved the English proficiency of itsparticipants but also fostered a deeper understanding of international academic norms and practices. The event marked a significant milestone in the university's ongoing commitment to promoting global academic collaboration and cultural exchange.中文内容：西安交通大学作为一所著名的高等学府，一直致力于推动国际学术交流的发展。
学术交流英语-中科大 Transcript
TranscriptSlide 1 (Introduction):Time: 15 seconds (0:00-0:15)Say:Ladies and gentlemen, good morning! I'm Wesley from the University of Science and Technology of China. It is a great honour for me to address you on this special occasion. Today I will give a presentation with the title “Bionic Contact Lens”.Slide 2 (Introduction):Time: 30 seconds (0:15-0:45)Say:Before I start my presentation, let me ask you a question. Have you ever wished that you were a superman? A superman with superior vision is able to see things very far away and has super memory that means you can never forget. Besides, a person can zoom in front of the scene with zoom capability. In other words, you could see the world around in front of your eyes as seen by protagonist in science fiction movies like Terminator and Robocop.Slide 3 (Introduction):This is now possible using Bioniccontact lens ！Bionic Contact LensOne of the smallest deviceWe could simply ‘BLINK’ and than we will be onlineThe lens have infrared lights to create a virtual displayAppearance description:Time: 40 seconds (0:45-1:25) Say: This is now possible using Bionic contact lens! We have established one of the smallest device. With this device, we would simply ‘BLINK’ and we will be online. It’s already more science than fiction. Especially, bionic contact lenses are being developed to provide a virtual display that could have a variety of uses from assisting the visually impaired to the video game industry. What ’s more, the lens will eventually have functional electronic circuits and infrared lights to create a virtual display.Slide 4 (Introduction):“The eye of the beholder ”⏹The beginning of the Computer Human Interface⏹It would tell you what is relevant and what to ignore⏹Translation between languages at any timeComputer Human InterfaceTime: 35 seconds (1:25-2:00) Say: In next 20 years, internet will be on our contact lens as the picture shows. Bionic contact lens is this kind of device that could give a new meaning to the phrase “The eye of the beholder”. It could be the beginning of the Computer Human Interface of the future and your smart lens would tell you what is relevant and what to ignore. In addition, if someone speaks in Chinese, no problem, Bionic contact lens will translate Chinese into English subtitles underneath your picture.Slide 5 (Body):1.Generation principleConvert pieces of plastic and polymer to a functional system Antenna picks upradio frequencyenergyChip harveststhe energyTransform it intovoltage Transmitinformationdirectly on thelensTime: 40 seconds (2:00-2:40)Say:First of all, let's see how it works! Firstly, bionic contact lens converts pieces of plastic and polymer to a functional system that resemble a kind of complexity in cellular form, and antenna picks up radio frequency energy that is transmitted by an antenna elsewhere. Then, while chip harvests the energy and transforms it into voltage that can power the LED. Finally, voltage works to display directly on the lens that would transmit information directly on the lens.Slide 6 (Body):Time: 25 seconds (2:40-3:05)Say:Any advanced device has its core technology, including bionic contact lens. Bionic contact lens contains many of the most advanced technologies, such as capillary forces, Antenna, Chip, Fresnel lenses and so on. Among them, the core technology can be summarized as the following four aspects.Slide 7 (Body):Time: 50 seconds (3:05-3:55)Say:Next, let's look at the first aspect. Micro fabrication technique is used for image formation. We built the circuits from layers of metal only a few nanometers thick, about one thousandth the width of a human hair, and constructed light-emitting diodes one third of a millimeter across. Simultaneously, array of LED pixels is used in lens to form an active display. Therefore, the shape of each tiny component dictates which piece it can attach to, and a micro fabrication technique known as self-assembly.Slide 8 (Body):2)EnergyFirstly: Antenna picks up radiofrequency wavesThen: Turn them into energyFinally: Chip harvests the energyand transforms it into voltageTime: 40 seconds (3:55-4:35)Say:For the second aspect, Since this device is very small, the supply of energy is a key technical problem. As shown in this flowchart. Firstly, antenna picks up radio frequency waves and then turn them into energy that is transmitted by an antenna elsewhere. Finally, while chip harvests the energy and transforms it into voltage that can power the LED. The voltage is also a very small laser that can be used to ensure that the image is in focus at all times and eliminate the need for micro lenses.Slide 9 (Body):3) Virtual display technology⏹Using a rasterdisplay⏹Displayed on theretina of the eyeVirtual Display ImageTime: 45 seconds (4:35-5:20)Say:Then, the third aspect is virtual display technology. A virtual retinal display, also known as a retinal scan display or retinal projector, is a display technology that draws a raster display directly onto the retina of the eye. In bionic lens, the display is floating in front of the user using virtual display technology. Certainly, it is not possible to display an image over a solid angle from a point source unless the projection system can bypass the lenses within the eye.Slide 10 (Body):4)Image technologyImage qualityFresnel lensesImage managementPixel managementTime: 60 seconds (5:20-6:20)Say:Finally, the core technology is to say that Image technology. It is mainly related to these four points on the slide. In terms of Image quality , we overcome that obstacle by precisely adjusting the angle of incoming light emitted by diodes on the contact lens. For Fresnel lenses and Image management, we tackled the limitation of the minimum focal distance of the human eye by incorporating a set of Fresnel lenses into the device. For Pixel management, we have provided the first proof-of-concept technology demonstrations for producing multipixel and in-focus images.Slide 11 (Body):Time: 45 seconds (6:20-7:05)Say:In the previous section, we have just talked about the generation of bionic contact lens and its core technology, then we talk about what are the critical applications. As shown on the slide, it consists mainly of six points. For example, zooming in on and out of distant objects- It means we would be able to zoom in on something far away or to look at something very close; And personalized wide-screen TV- It means the combination of contact lens with embedded optoelectronic and electronic devices could well be the beginning of the Computer Human Interface of the future. As time is limited, the following four points I will not explain in detail.Slide 12 (Body):Time: 40 seconds (7:05-7:45)Say:Although the application of good prospects for bionic contact lens, there are still several technical bottlenecks. First challenge is how to attach the electronic components thinner than a human hair. The next problem is building the lenses is a challenge because materials that are safe for use in the body are delicate. What’s more, how to focus on image quality and how to give power supply are both the big obstacle. In addition to these points, there are other problems we need to work hard to resolve.Slide 13 (Conclusion):Time: 25 seconds (7:45-8:10)Say:As I end，the era of bionic contact lens would soon come. According to the introduction of the previous point of view, bionic contact lens with advanced core technology has a very good application prospects. However, there are still some bottlenecks to be resolved because of the technical problems so far.Slide 14 (Conclusion):Time: 35 seconds (8:10-8:45)Say:In short, bionic contact lens has a cross-era significance. One of the most important is bionic contact lens could be the beginning of the Computer Human Interface of the future when we could surf the Web at any time or keep the information connection all the time. Furthermore, a person could record their entire life just by blinking or possibly connect their contact lenses with a wireless device, and we would witness the day when everyone has the perfect vision.Slide 15 (Conclusion):Time: 15 seconds (8:45-9:00)Say:At the end of the report, I want to give a brief account of our future work. As shown here, we are based on the three main directions for further improvement of the bionic contact lens.Thank you. Are there any questions?。
英语学术交流自我介绍
Self-introduction for Academic Exchange Dear colleagues and friends,It is a great pleasure to introduce myself to all of you here today. My name is [Your Name], and I am currently pursuing [Your Field of Study] at [Your University/Institute].I have always been passionate about learning and exploring new knowledge. My academic journey began when I chose [Your Major] as my field of study during my undergraduate years. Since then, I have been deeply immersed in the world of [Your Academic Focus], constantly seeking to expand my understanding and contribute to the advancement of this field.During my studies, I have developed a strong foundation in [Core Concepts or Skills Related to Your Field]. I have completed several courses and projects that have enhanced my critical thinking, research, and problem-solving abilities. For instance, in [Name of a Project or Course], I was able to apply theoretical knowledge to practical scenarios, which not only deepened my understanding but also taught me the importance of teamwork and effective communication in an academic setting.One of the projects that I am particularly proud of is [Describe the Project]. In this project, I faced numerous challenges, such as [Describe the Challenges], but through perseverance and innovative thinking, I was able to overcome them. The outcome of this project was [Describe the Outcomes or Achievements], and it has significantly contributed to my growth as a researcher.In addition to my academic pursuits, I have also actively participated in various extracurricular activities related to my field. I am a member of [Academic Club or Organization Name], where I have had the opportunity to interact with like-minded individuals, share ideas, and collaborate on projects. This has broadened my perspective and allowed me to stay updated with the latest developments in the field. I am highly motivatedto engage in academic exchanges because I believe that sharing ideas and collaborating with others is crucial for the progress of any discipline.I am eager to learn from your experiences and insights, and I hope to contribute my own knowledge and perspectives as well.My research interests mainly lie in [Describe Your Research Interests in Detail]. Currently, I am working on [Briefly Mention Your Ongoing Research Project or Topic], and I am excited about the potential implications and contributions it could make to the field.In my spare time, I enjoy reading academic literature to stay informed about the latest research trends. I also like to engage in physical activities such as [Your Favorite Sport or Activity] to keep myself fit and energetic.I am truly looking forward to the valuable discussions and collaborations that will take place during this academic exchange. Thank you for giving me the opportunity to introduce myself.Best regards,[Your Name]。
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练习 1.计算机是人类(man)所曾有过的最有效 (efficient)的助手。 2.为了获取信息（access the information ）， 用户只需要启动网络浏览器（web browser）、访问网站就可以了。
puters are the most efficient assistants (that) man has ever had.
2. 现在我们能够解像出现(occur)在物理 中的这种微分方程（differential equation）了。
1.This single force produces the same effect as is produced by those forces together. 2.Now we are able to solve such differential equations as occur in physics.
2.All the user has to do in order to access the information is start a web browser and visit the web site.
3.省略定语从句引导词情况 1)This component carries out the instructions we give it. 2)在way, distance, reason, time, number of times (units), amount, direction等后可省引 导词 Work is the product of the force and the distance (through which /that )a body moves.
5. As引导的定语从句 (1)As引导非限制性定语从句修饰整个主句 As we shall see, acids and bases play an important role in the functioning of the human organism. 顾名思义”的表示方法 As the (its, their) name shows/ indicates/ implies/suggests…
As the title indicates, this chapter will discuss nonlinear equations. As the name shows, a fluid is a substance which flows readily.
(2)先行词前有such或the same时用as引导定 语从句 Such meters as we use to measure current are called ammeters. 练习 1.这单个力(single force)产生的效应 (effect)与那几个力一起(those forces together)产生的效应相同。
5. 这是给定的两个矢量为其边的一个平行四边 形。 This is a parallelogram __which the two given vectors are sides. 6. 压强等于总的力除以被施加的面积。 The pressure is equal to the total force divided by the area __ which it is exerted. This is a parallelogram of which the two given vectors are/form sides. The pressure is equal to the total force divided by the area over which it is exerted.
6. 特殊定语从句 （1）But引导的状语从句充当名词修饰语 There is no man but errs. 没有任何人能够不犯错误。（从句意中可以发 现，but带有一层否定的意思，相当于“who not”） There is no man who does not err. There is no mother but loves her children． There was no one present but knew the story already．
2. 电子在其上面产生图像的显像管的表面称 为荧光屏。 The surface of a picture tube ___ which the electrons produce the picture is called the screen.
The surface of a picture tube upon which the electrons produce the picture is called the screen.
2. 先行词为不定代词（anything, all, little等） 或被序数词、形容词最高级或only, no, very 等修饰时只能用that
This is the largest aircraft that has ever been manufactured in China.
注意：“all (that)+定语从句”表示“只需要”， “只能”，“只” 我们只需按一下这个按钮。 All we need to do is to press this button.
(3)特殊结构 As+过去分词/ 介词短语/ 副词 The basic organization of such a system is as shown in Fig. 6. As before, F1 and F2 have different lines of action. 练习 这个电流正如预计的那样十分小。 This current is, as predicted, very small.
第4章 学术论文写作常见问题与错误分析 (sentence writing) 1词类(冠词、连词、数词、介词、副词、形容 词、名词) 2否定，形容词和副词比较等级 3 动词非谓语形式 4 从句 5 句子成分的强调 6 倒装 7 省略 8 分隔修饰
定语从句
1.基本定语从句
关系代词(who，whom, that, which, whose)在 从句中作主语、宾语、定语、表语 关系副词(where, when, why)在从句中作状语
（2） 由since, as, when , while, after, before 等引导的时间状语从句充当名词修 饰语
Let us consider the case when the torque is zero.
In the ten years since this banges have been seen in metal-working.
3.组成水的两个元素是氢和氧。 The two elements __ which water consists are hydrogen and oxygen. 4. 作者要感谢本书所属的那套丛书的编辑们。 The author would like to express thanks to the editors of the series ___ which this book belongs. The two elements of which water consists are hydrogen and oxygen. The author would like to express thanks to the editors of the series to which this book belongs.
练习 1.如标题所示，本章将讨论非线性方程。
___________, this chapter will discuss nonlinear equations. 2.顾名思义，流体(fluid)就是一种容易流动 的物质(substance)。 ___________, a fluid is a substance which flows readily.
4. 介词＋which引导定语从句 与被修饰名词的搭配 The rate __which work is done is referred to as power.
与从句中动词、名词或形容词所需的搭配 The wavelength __ which the eye is most sensitive is 5.5×10-5cm. 由整个句子所要表达的概念来确定 A magnet can cause an electric current in a wire near which it is moved.
练习 1.雷达可以测出无线电回波(radio echo)返回 所需的时间。 2.我们必须计算出该物体被提起(lift)的距离。 3.需要确定y分量降为零的时间。 4.这个质点(particle)每秒钟振动(vibrate)的次 数（number of times）被叫做频率。
1.Radar can measure the time (that) it takes for the radio echo to return. 2.We must calculate the distance (that) the body is lifted. 3.It is necessary to determine the time （when/that/at which） the y-component decreases to zero. 4.The number of times (that/by which) this particle vibrates per/a second is called/termed/named/known as/spoken of as/referred to as frequency.
练习 1.该圆切割实轴(the axis of reals)的点处 于a=b处。