城市化(The Rush to Cities)
城市化 PPT课件 45(14份) 人教课标版
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10、生活中，有人给予帮助，那是幸运，没人给予帮助，那是命运。我们要学会在幸运青睐自己的时候学会感恩，在命运磨练自己的时候学会坚韧。这既是对自己的尊重，也是对自己的负责。
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11、失败不可怕，可怕的是从来没有努力过，还怡然自得地安慰自己，连一点点的懊悔都被麻木所掩盖下去。不能怕，没什么比自己背叛自己更可怕。
（1）拉力：吸引人群来到
城市的因素
（2）推力：使人群离开乡村
的因素 4、城市化的意义
二、世界城市化的进程
1、开始时间：工业革命以后
2、世界城市化的进程 ——“S”形曲线
（1）初期阶段 （2）加速阶段 （3）后期阶段
特点、问题、 新趋势、分布 国家
中美城市化对比
美国：总人口2.5亿，城市人口 2亿，城市化水平80%
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12、跌倒了，一定要爬起来。不爬起来，别人会看不起你，你自己也会失去机会。在人前微笑，在人后落泪，可这是每个人都要学会的成长。
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13、要相信，这个世界上永远能够依靠的只有你自己。所以，管别人怎么看，坚持自己的坚持，直到坚持不下去为止。
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14、也许你想要的未来在别人眼里不值一提，也许你已经很努力了可还是有人不满意，也许你的理想离你的距离从来没有拉近过......但请你继续向前走，因为别人看不到你的努力，你却始终看得见自己。
平整土地 兴修水利 绿化环境
环境良性 发展
城市化过快
大气污染 水污染 垃圾污染
噪声污染
3、降低城市化对地理环境 影响的途径 ——建设生态城市 一方面：
另一方面：
★看下图，当前发展中国家和发达国家城市化
进程所处的阶段分别是（ C ）
城 市 人 口 占 总 人 口 的 比 重
城市化的优缺点和自己的观点英语作文
城市化的优缺点和自己的观点英语作文全文共5篇示例，供读者参考篇1Title: The Pros and Cons of UrbanizationHi everyone! My name is Tommy and I'm a 5th grader. Today, I want to talk about cities and how people are moving from the countryside to live in them. This is called urbanization.What is urbanization? It's when more and more people leave farms and villages to live in big cities. There are good things and bad things about urbanization that I want to share my thoughts on.The Good Things About UrbanizationMore JobsIn cities, there are lots of companies, factories, stores and other businesses. This means there are many job opportunities for people to earn money. In the countryside, most people are farmers which is very hard work. Living in a city gives people chances to get different types of jobs.Better EducationCities usually have more and better schools than rural areas. There are universities, colleges, and prestigious high schools in cities. Students who live in cities can get a high-quality education that prepares them for good careers.Better Medical CareIn major cities, there are big hospitals with the latest medical technology and excellent doctors. If you get sick in a city, you can receive the best treatment. But in the countryside, hospitals and clinics are few and far between.More Entertainment OptionsCities have so many fun things to do! There are museums, theaters, sports stadiums, malls, restaurants, parks and more. You'll never get bored living in an exciting city. The countryside is quieter with not as many attractions.The Bad Things About UrbanizationOvercrowdingWhen too many people move to cities, they become overcrowded. The roads are jammed with traffic, public transport is packed like sardines, and housing is expensive and cramped. Overcrowding causes a lot of stress for city residents.Environmental ProblemsWith millions of people living in one place, cities produce a massive amount of air, water and noise pollution. The smog hurts people's lungs, waste clogs rivers, and noisy traffic never stops. Green spaces get destroyed to make room for more buildings too.Higher Crime RatesUnfortunately, crime tends to be higher indensely-populated urban areas compared to rural towns. With more poverty and unemployment in cities, people may turn to stealing, selling drugs or other illegal activities.Loss of CultureWhen people leave their villages to live in cities, traditional cultures can get lost or watered down. Folk crafts, music, dances and other customs from the countryside start to fade away in urban environments.My OpinionIn my view, urbanization has both positive and negative impacts. While cities offer better job prospects, education and entertainment, they also have major downsides like overcrowding, pollution and higher crime rates.Personally, I wouldn't want to live in a huge, crowded city but a medium-sized city could be nice. Big cities seem too hectic and dirty for me. I'd rather live in a quieter place but still be able to access urban amenities when needed.I think governments need to carefully manage urbanization. They should develop good public transportation, affordable housing, parks and regulated pollution controls. That way, people can enjoy urban lifestyles without too many negative consequences.Urbanization will keep happening as people seek better opportunities. We just need to find the right balance between developing cities while preserving the environment, cultures and quality of life. What do you think about this issue? I'd love to hear your perspective!篇2The Good and Bad Things About Cities (And What I Think)Hi everyone! My name is Emma and I'm going to tell you about cities today. Cities are places where there are a lot of people, buildings, cars and stuff like that. More and more people are moving to live in cities these days - this is called urbanization.I think there are some good things about cities but also some bad things. Let me tell you about the good things first!One good thing is that in cities, there are lots of job opportunities. Companies, stores, restaurants and all kinds of businesses are in the cities. So if you live in a city, it's easier to find work. My dad works in a big office building downtown. He takes the train to get there every day. That wouldn't be possible if we lived on a farm way out in the country!Another cool thing about cities is there is always stuff to do for fun. There are museums, theaters, sports games, concerts, and a ton of different restaurants. When I'm bored on the weekends, my family can always find something fun to do in the city. Last month we went to an amazing exhibit at the science museum all about space! If we lived in a tiny town, there wouldn't be as many fun activities.However, cities definitely have their downsides too. One of the biggest problems in my opinion is all the traffic and smog from the cars and trucks. It makes the air dirty and polluted, which isn't good for the environment or people's health. I have asthma, so I find the bad air in the city bothers me sometimes. It would be way better if more people used public transportation or bikes instead of driving everywhere.Another issue is that everything in cities is so cramped and crowded. We live in an apartment building with hundreds of other people. The sidewalks are always packed with people rushing around. At parks and playgrounds, they are totally crammed with kids. Sometimes I wish I could have a big backyard all to myself instead of having to share everything.So those are some of the main pros and cons of cities that I can think of. Despite the downsides, I still like living in the city overall. There's always something going on, and I'm used to the hustle and bustle at this point. I do hope though that in the future, cities can work on being cleaner and less crowded. With better urban planning focused on green spaces, public transit, and not cramming so many people into a small area, I think cities could be even better places to live. But those are just my thoughts as a kid - what do you all think about cities?篇3The Cities are Growing!Hi friends! Today I want to talk to you about something that's happening all around the world - cities are getting bigger and bigger. More and more people are moving from small towns and villages into large cities. This is called urbanization.Urbanization means that cities keep growing as more people move into them. Tall buildings get built, more roads and railways get made, and cities take up more and more space. Lots of countries around the world are urbanizing rapidly.There are good things and bad things about urbanization. Let me tell you about some of the pros and cons!Pros of UrbanizationMore JobsIn big cities, there are way more jobs available compared to small towns. Cities have large factories, corporate offices, hospitals, schools and all sorts of businesses that need workers. By moving to a city, people can find better job opportunities.Better FacilitiesCities usually have much better facilities like big shopping malls, entertainment centers, hospitals, schools, roads and public transport systems. Living in a city makes life more convenient as all these facilities are easily accessible.Higher IncomeBecause there are more job options in cities, people can find jobs that pay higher salaries in cities compared to villages orsmall towns. The overall income levels tend to be higher for urban populations.Cultural ExchangeCities have people from diverse backgrounds, cultures and regions living together. This allows people to learn about different traditions, cuisines, languages and perspectives. Living in a city exposes you to all these cultures.Cons of UrbanizationOvercrowdingWith more and more people moving to cities, they are becoming increasingly overcrowded and congested. Traffic jams, air pollution and lack of housing are becoming major problems. Cities are getting very cramped!Environmental DamageThe rapid growth of cities puts a huge strain on natural resources like water, land and energy sources. Construction and industrial activities in cities also cause huge amounts of air, land and water pollution that damages the environment.Social ProblemsIn very crowded cities, there can be an increase in social issues like crime, poverty, unemployment, and inadequate public services and infrastructure. The cost of living in cities also tends to be quite high.Loss of ValuesPeople who move from villages or small towns into big cities sometimes lose their cultural identities, values and traditional ways of living over time as they adopt urban lifestyles and get influenced by others.My ViewIf I had to share my opinion, I feel there are both good and bad things about urbanization. On one hand, cities provide better job opportunities, facilities and lifestyle than villages. But they also lead to many problems like overcrowding, environmental damage and social issues.In my view, a good solution would be for countries to control and plan urbanization properly so that cities don't become too overcrowded or polluted. Strict rules should be in place for construction activities and industrial emissions.At the same time, facilities and job opportunities in villages and smaller towns need to be improved, so that people don'tfeel the need to move to big cities. More investment in rural areas can reduce the rush towards cities.If urbanization is managed well, people can benefit from the opportunities in cities while avoiding the downsides of massive overcrowding and environmental destruction.Those are my thoughts! Let me know what you think about the pros and cons of urbanization in the comments below. Thanks for reading, friends!篇4City Life: The Good, The Bad, and My Thoughts!Hey there! My name is Emily and I'm in 5th grade. Today, I want to share my thoughts on city life - the pros, the cons, and what I really think about it.First, let's talk about the good things about living in a city. Cities are awesome because there's always something fun to do! You never get bored because there are so many cool places to go like museums, parks, sports games, concerts, and movie theaters. There are also tons of yummy restaurants with food from all over the world. Imagine getting to try delicious tacos, sushi, and pizza all in one week! How amazing is that?Another great thing about cities is that you can walk or take the bus or train to get around instead of having to drive everywhere. My dad says this is better for the environment too. Cities usually have awesome public transportation systems that can take you almost anywhere you need to go. No more asking mom and dad for rides all the time!Living in a city also means you get to meet people from so many different cultures and backgrounds. I have friends from India, Mexico, China, and lots of other places. We love learning about each other's traditions and sharing our favorite foods. It's like taking a trip around the world without even leaving town!Of course, city life isn't all rainbows and butterflies. There are some not-so-great things too. For one, cities can be really loud and crowded, especially during rush hour. Honking cars, construction noise, and tons of people shoving past you on the sidewalk? No thanks! It's hard to find peace and quiet sometimes.Another problem is that housing in cities is usually small and expensive. My friend lives in a tiny apartment with her parents and two little brothers. I don't know how they all fit! Things just seem so cramped compared to the big house with a yard that my family has in the suburbs.Cities can also be kind of dirty in some areas. Litter on the streets, smelly alleys, and polluted air from all the cars and factories. Yuck! Sometimes I miss being able to go outside and breathe in fresh, clean country air when I'm in the city.So those are some of the pros and cons of urban living that I've noticed. But what do I really think overall? Well, I have to admit that I'm a city girl at heart! I love the energy, the people, the food, the events - there's just SO much to do and experience. Sure, it can be noisy and crowded at times, but that's all part of the excitement.I think cities are incredible places, especially for kids and teens. We get to learn about the world and open our minds to new cultures every single day. The learning opportunities are endless! And when I'm older, I'll get to pick from so many amazing jobs and make my dreams come true in the city.Of course, I know some people prefer quieter lives in the suburbs or the country, and that's okay too. Different strokes for different folks, as they say! But for me, I can't wait to really grow up in the heart of a big city someday. The sights, the sounds, the people - it's where I want to be. A city kid through and through!Well, that's my two cents on the topic of city living. It definitely has its ups and downs, but this little city girl is hooked. Thanks for reading my essay! Until next time, peace out!篇5The Cities Are Growing! Is That Good or Bad?Have you ever seen a really big city? I mean like a huge, gigantic city with skyscrapers that seem to touch the clouds and streets packed with cars and people. Cities like that are called urban areas and they keep getting bigger and bigger as more people move there from rural areas. This is called urbanization.Urbanization means that cities get more crowded and take up more space as the population increases. You can see urbanization happening in places like New York City, Tokyo, Shanghai, and many other major metropolitan areas around the world. Some cities seem to grow taller instead of wider, with more and more skyscrapers and apartment buildings being constructed.So is urbanization a good thing or a bad thing? It's kind of like a circular anchor - it spins both ways! Let me explain the pros and cons.One of the biggest advantages of urbanization is that cities create more jobs, businesses and economic opportunities. With more people concentrated in one area, there is more need for stores, restaurants, transportation, entertainment, and services of all kinds. This allows people to find work and Creates a lot of economic activity.Cities also tend to have better access to resources and amenities like hospitals, schools, parks, museums, theaters, and other cultural attractions. People living in cities don't have to travel as far to get quality education or medical care. They can also enjoy more recreational activities.Another benefit is that cities promote innovation, creativity, and the sharing of ideas. When you have people from diverse backgrounds all living together, it encourages the exchange of different perspectives and breeds new ways of thinking. Many of history's greatest innovations and works of art were created in urban environments.Urbanization can also allow for more efficient delivery of utilities like electricity, water, internet and other services that are essential for modern society. It's easier to provide these to a concentrated area rather than spread out over rural areas.While there are advantages to city living, urbanization also has its negative side effects. One of the biggest downsides is increased traffic congestion and pollution. With more people driving cars and using public transportation, urban areas tend to have more smog, noise pollution, and worse air quality in general.Cities can also become overcrowded, with people living in very cramped spaces and conditions. Lack of affordable housing is a major problem in many urban centers around the world. Too many people and not enough space can also strain other public resources and services.Another issue is crime and poverty tend to be higher in urban areas compared to rural towns and villages. With more people squeezed together, there can be increased violence, drug use, and other social problems stemming from lack of economic opportunities for some groups.Urbanization can also damage the natural environment surrounding cities. To make space for all the growth, vegetation gets cleared out and replaced with concrete and steel structures. This destroys natural habitats for plants and animals.My ViewOverall, while I can see good reasons why urbanization is happening and why cities are beneficial, I also think we need to be careful about growing too quickly. We should try to find a healthy balance.Cities provide lots of jobs, opportunities, resources and amenities that attract people. But they also create pollution, crowding, crime and damage nature if they expand too much without careful planning.I think the best approach is to have a mixture of cities AND rural areas, each offering different advantages. Maybe there's a way for urban centers to grow "up" with skyscrapers instead of "out" consuming more land area.We also need stricter laws to keep air and water clean despite more people. And we should preserve parks and green spaces within cities so people can still experience nature.Basically, there are tradeoffs to urbanization. We can't avoid it, but we need to try limiting the negatives as much as possible. It's all about striking that balance so cities remain amazing places to live and work without ruining the planet.That's my take! Cities are pretty cool but we've got to be smart about how we grow them. What do you think? I'd love to hear your perspective!。
城市化
城市化城规122 1120530043 黄文圣1.城市化定义城市化（urbanization）也有的学者称之为城镇化、都市化，是由农业为主的传统乡村社会向以工业和服务业为主的现代城市社会逐渐转变的历史过程，具体包括人口职业的转变、产业结构的转变、土地及地域空间的变化。
不同的学科从不同的角度对之有不同的解释，就目前来说，国内外学者对城市化的概念分别从人口学、地理学、社会学、经济学等角度予以了阐述。
2011年12月，中国社会蓝皮书发布，我国城镇人口占总人口的比重将首次超过50%，标志着我国城市化率首次突破50%。
2.正常的城市化简单说就是“二力”相合的过程：即农业劳动生产率的提高产生剩余劳动力（推力）、城市非农产业的发展需要更多的劳动力供应（拉力），两个力共同促成农村人口向城市移动，农村的剩余和城市的需求在一个较长的历史时期内处于某种平衡状态，人口顺理成章地从农村向城市移动，使城市人口比重不断增长，城乡同步发展。
3.过度城市化又称超前城市化，是指城市化水平明显超过工业化和经济发展水平的城市化模式。
城市化的速度大大超过工业化的速度，城市化主要是依靠传统的第三产业来推动，甚至是无工业化的城市化，大量农村人口涌入少数大中城市，城市人口过度增长，城市建设的步伐赶不上人口城市化速度，城市不能为居民提供就业机会和必要的生活条件，农村人口迁移之后没有实现相应的职业转换，造成严重的“城市病”。
过度城市化形成的主要原因是二元经济结构下形成的农村推力和城市拉力的不平衡(主要是推力作用大于拉力作用)，而政府又没有采取必要的宏观调控措施。
相当数量的发展中国家基本上是这种城市化模式。
如墨西哥的工业化化与经济发展水平远远不如发达国家，但1993年其城市化水平已74％，明显高于同期瑞士的60％、奥地利的55％、芬兰的62％和意大利的67％。
4.滞后城市化滞后城市化（under urbanization）——是指城市化水平落后于工业化和经济发展水平的城市化模式。
地理高一必修2第二单元知识点：城市化
地理高一必修2第二单元知识点：城市化
地理高一必修2第二单元知识点：城市化
「地理」一词最早见于中国《易经》：仰以观于天文，俯以察于地理，是故知幽明之故。
查字典地理网为大家推荐了地理高一必修2第二单元知识点，请大家仔细阅读，希望你喜欢。
一、城市化标志
(1)城市人口增加
(2)城市人口在总人口中的比重上升(衡量城市化水平最重要指标)
(3)城市用地规模扩大
二、不同类型国家城市化的不同进程
发达国家
发展中国家
起步时间
早（工业革命）
晚（二战后）
城市化水平
高（70％以上）
低（30-40%）
城市化速度
先快后慢
先慢后快
增加就业困难，失业人数增多
小编为大家提供的地理高一必修2第二单元知识点，大家仔细阅读了吗?最后祝同学们学习进步。
城市化 课件
合理布局大气污染严重的企业 建立绿化带
水污染
• 成因：城市工业废水 生活污水
• 危害：使江河湖海和地下水及饮用水水质 变坏 ，危害人体健康和动植物繁殖
• 措施：建立污水处理厂 实行污水达标排放
噪声污染
• 成因：交通运输 工业生产 建筑施工 社会活动……
他们说，重庆最早的主城区在江 北，站在斑驳而古老的城墙上， 古老的渝水和浩荡的大江在脚下 撕扯，身旁峻秀的南山已陪伴他 数以千年。
现在的 主城区呢？
他们说，江北城，连同他的古城墙、 吊脚楼、老码头、石板路、旧宅院…… 在不久的将来，都只有在记忆中 被挖掘和遥想，他明天的名字 叫做“CBD”。
城市用地
结合生活体验，谈谈城市化会给我们带来哪些 变化？
1、带动区域经济发展 ； 2、带来聚落形态变化； 3、带来生产方式、生活方式、价值观念
等的巨大变化，它是一个地区社会经济 发展的必然结果，是社会进步的表现。
二、世界城市化的进程
城市化水平随时间的变化曲线
世界城市化进程
城市化水平随时间的变化曲线— 稍被拉平的“S”形曲线
• 危害：妨碍休息、工作、交谈，损害人体健康
• 措施：远离城市布局 建立绿化隔离带
垃圾污染
• 成因：工业生产垃圾 建筑垃圾 生活垃圾
• 危害：危害人体健康和环境 • 措施：及时清理
实行分类回收利用
解决城市化问题措施
• 建设生态城市
• 措施： 发展低污染的节能建筑和绿色交通，减
少城市各类活动对环境的污染
思考： 这是一种什么 现象呢？
城市用地
化
感知城市化
思 考 ： 它 反 映 了 什 么 要 素 的 变 化 ？
《城市化》 讲义
《城市化》讲义一、城市化的定义与历程城市化，简单来说，就是人口从农村向城市聚集，城市规模不断扩大，城市功能日益复杂多样的过程。
回顾历史，城市化的进程可以追溯到古代文明时期。
在一些地区，如古埃及、古希腊和古罗马，出现了早期的城市。
然而，真正意义上的大规模城市化始于工业革命。
工业革命带来了新的生产方式和技术，工厂的兴起吸引了大量农村劳动力进入城市，城市的经济结构从以农业为主转变为以工业为主。
在 19 世纪和 20 世纪，许多发达国家经历了快速的城市化。
城市的基础设施不断完善，交通、通信、电力等系统逐渐建立起来。
同时，城市的社会结构也发生了深刻变化，出现了不同的社会阶层和职业群体。
二、城市化的驱动因素1、经济发展经济的增长是推动城市化的主要动力。
随着工业化和服务业的发展，企业需要更多的劳动力和更便捷的市场，这促使人口向城市集中。
城市能够提供更多的就业机会和更高的收入水平，吸引人们前来谋求发展。
2、技术进步交通和通信技术的进步大大降低了人员和货物的流动成本，使得城市与外界的联系更加紧密。
例如，铁路、汽车和飞机的出现使人们能够更方便地在城市之间往返，互联网的普及让信息能够迅速传播，促进了城市经济的发展和创新。
3、政策引导政府的政策在城市化过程中也发挥着重要作用。
一些国家和地区通过制定城市发展规划、提供优惠政策等方式，引导人口和产业向特定的城市或区域集中，以实现经济的快速发展和区域的均衡发展。
4、社会文化因素教育、医疗、文化等社会资源在城市中相对集中，人们为了追求更好的教育和医疗条件，以及丰富的文化生活，也愿意向城市迁移。
三、城市化带来的影响1、积极影响（1）经济繁荣城市化促进了产业的集聚和分工，提高了生产效率，推动了经济的持续增长。
城市中的企业能够共享基础设施、技术和人才等资源，降低生产成本，增强市场竞争力。
（2）社会进步城市为人们提供了更多的教育和培训机会，有助于提高人口素质。
同时，城市中的文化交流和创新氛围也能够促进社会观念的更新和进步。
2020届全国新高考地理复习 城市化
知识梳理：美国城市化
城市郊区化发生在20世纪50～70年代，主要表现是城市人口向郊区 转移，大城市外围分散布局卫星城镇，根本原因在于城市人口、服务业 及相关产业向郊区迁移的一种离心分散化。美国从18世纪末城市化的初 始阶段始到20世纪末“逆城市化”出现经历了两个多世纪的时间。19世 纪后期，在霍华德田园城市思想的影响下，首先一批富有阶层搬入郊区， 在随后的半个世纪里，家庭汽车的大量使用和公共交通设施快速发展极 大地加速了城市郊区化进程。城市内的大量中产阶级开始涌向新的郊外 开发区居住，城市空间结构形态随之发生变化，城市发展在空间上表现 为卫星放射状。二战后市区地价趋高，但是市区土地的供给已经高度无 弹性。这时美国政府为了合理地规划城市发展，对在郊区选择住宅给予 鼓励，使得更多中产阶级包括部分低收入阶层能够支付郊区住宅，郊区 化得到普遍发展。20世纪末，美国的“城市空心化”发展迅速，郊区已
2020届全国新高考地理复习
知识梳理：城市化
城市化 （urbanization/urbanisation） 也称为城镇化，是指随着一个 国家或地区社会生产力的发展、 科学技术的进步以及产业结构 的调整，其社会由以农业为主 的传统乡村型社会向以工业 （第二产业）和服务业（第三 产业）等非农产业为主的现代 城市型社会逐渐转变的历史过 程。
知识梳理：俄罗斯城市化
城市化水平速度很快，十月革命以后的70年间其城市人口 从0.291亿人增加到1.775亿, 是原来的6倍。以莫斯科为例， 莫斯科市区面积994平方公里，在一个多世纪中发展到了原来的 17.75倍，主要是沿交通线呈放射状、走廊式发展。前苏联长期 实行低房租政策，经济发展的成本长时期以来过多地由政府负 担。为了更好的发展经济，城市建设的成本开始转移给市场， 地价开始上扬，市区地价攀高使得居民点布局呈现新特点：过 多的土地需求只能在郊区得到满足。土地的需求者主要是城市 居民，目的是为了寻找第二住所和辅助消遣，土地的用途主要 分为四类：乡间别墅、果园、菜地或村舍等，从一定意义上讲， 莫斯科市郊的土地利用类型反映了莫斯科市民拥有财富的空间 分布格局。
城市化
城市化城市化是一种世界性的社会经济现象，是乡村分散的人口、劳动力和非农业经济活动不断进行空间上的聚集而逐渐转化为城市的经济要素，城市相应地成长为经济发展的主要动力过程。
有关城市化的观点1.人口城市化：农村人口转化为城市（镇）人口或者农业人口转化为非农业人口的过程2.空间城市化：一定地域内的人口规模、产业结构、管理手段、服务设施、环境条件以及人们的生活水平和生活方式等要素由小到大、由粗到精、由分散到集中、由单一到复合的一种转换或重组的动态过程3.乡村城市化：强调乡村和城市（镇）的对立和差距，认为城市化就是变传统落后的乡村社会为现代先进的城市（镇）社会的自然历史过程城市化水平的测度城市化水平的测度就是要对城市的这种主导作用进行识别并能在不同的国家（地区）之间或同一国家（地区）的不同时期之间进行比较。
鉴于城市化过程所包含内容的多样性，从理论上讲，一个能够较为准确全面的反应城市化进程的测度方法应该采用复合指标法，即尽量选用与城市化有关的多种指标来进行综合分析，以此考察城市化进程。
但在实际操作中复合指标法却往往行不通。
一方面，反映不同内容的指标不能直接进行加减乘除；另一方面，即使可以采用一些复杂的数学手段来解决上述矛盾，但还应看到，城市化的某些内容是不可能直接作定量分析的。
因此，在实际测度城市化水平时都采用主要指标法，而不采用复合指标法。
主要指标法是指通过几个最本质意义、最具象征性，而且便于统计分析的个别指标来反映和描述城市化水平。
1土地利用指标：用土地利用指标测度城市化水平的具体方法，是计算一定时间内非城市性地域转变为城市性地域的比率2人口指标：用人口指标测度城市化水平的具体方法，是计算城市人口在总人口中所占的比重，计算公式Y=U/（U+R）=U/N 其中Y表示城市化水平或城市化率，U表示城市人口，R表示农村人口，N表示区域总人口发达国家城市化进程城市化进程首先是从发达国家，准确的说，首先是从英国开始的，然后用一个世纪的时间，逐渐扩展到全球范围，成为一个世界性的社会经济现象。
城市化的意思和精选造句
城市化的意思和精选造句城市化的意思是什么呢?怎么用城市化来造句?下面是店铺为你整理城市化的意思，欣赏和精选造句，供大家阅览!城市化的意思城市化(urbanization/urbanisation)也称为城镇化，是指随着一个国家或地区社会生产力的发展、科学技术的进步以及产业结构的调整，其社会由以农业为主的传统乡村型社会向以工业(第二产业)和服务业(第三产业)等非农产业为主的现代城市型社会逐渐转变的历史过程。
城镇化过程包括人口职业的转变、产业结构的转变、土地及地域空间的变化。
不同的学科从不同的角度对之有不同的解释，就目前来说，国内外学者对城市化的概念分别从人口学、地理学、社会学、经济学等角度予以了阐述。
2011年12月，中国社会蓝皮书发布，中国城镇人口占总人口的比重将首次超过50%，标志着中国城市化首次突破50%。
改革开放以后，中国逐步放开了原有对人口流动的控制，大量农民工流向了城市，同时加快了城市化的进程。
但是中国城市化的滞后给中国的经济、社会的持续、快速、健康发展带来了一系列的矛盾。
本文从分析城市化的涵义着手，在对城市化的三种基本形式进行说明的基础上，讨论了中国城市化过程中产生的以及影响中国城市化进程的几个问题。
就目前而言，刻意引导城市化，并不适宜中国国情。
城市化造句欣赏(1) 城市化进程加快等因素的影响，我国房地产需求旺盛。
(2) "摊大饼"式地推进城市化，导致宝贵的土地资源大量浪费，而且城市的专业化水平很低，城市运营效率低下。
(3) 大陆城市化的历史太短了，基本上很难有好的城市爱情片。
大陆也拍不出好的黑帮片、警匪片与枪战片之类的。
(4) 加强农村建设与推进城市化的关系按照斯密的观点，农业的基础地位是不可动摇的，原因在于农业不仅提供着人类社会生存的基本物质条件，而且还从根本上制约着城市的发展，进而影响着社会财富的增加。
(5) 与此同时，随着我国城市化进程加快，一些城市在城市化进程中，对停车场建设不够，只做表面文章，道路越修越宽，停车场却没有相应的跟上发展，导致市区中好多车辆停靠在道路两旁，影响了交通。
城市化化进程的主要成果英语作文
城市化化进程的主要成果英语作文Here is an English essay on the main achievements of the urbanization process, with the text exceeding 1000 words as requested:The rapid urbanization that has occurred across the world in recent decades has undoubtedly brought about significant changes and achievements. As more and more people have migrated from rural areas to cities, the landscape of human civilization has transformed dramatically. While the challenges of urbanization are well-documented, it is important to also recognize the major accomplishments that have stemmed from this monumental global shift.One of the primary achievements of urbanization has been the dramatic improvement in living standards for millions of people. The concentration of economic activity and resources in urban centers has created vast new opportunities for employment education and social mobility. Many individuals who may have struggled to eke out an existence in rural poverty have been able to find work in cities and dramatically elevate their quality of life. Access to healthcare infrastructure basic services and consumer goods has expandedenormously as urban populations have grown. This has translated to tangible enhancements in indicators of human development such as life expectancy and infant mortality rates.Additionally the clustering of human talent and capital in urban areas has fueled remarkable scientific and technological innovations. The exchange of ideas the sharing of knowledge and the cross-pollination of diverse perspectives that characterize thriving cities have been instrumental drivers of progress. Major breakthroughs in fields ranging from medicine to renewable energy have often emerged from urban research hubs and laboratories. The ability of cities to attract top researchers and engineers has made them hotbeds of creativity and problem-solving acumen essential for addressing global challenges.Furthermore the cultural vibrancy of urban spaces has played a pivotal role in enriching human civilization. The congregations of people from varied backgrounds in cities have given rise to dynamic melting pots of art music literature and cuisine. Urban centers have become celebrated repositories of cultural heritage as historic architecture monuments and landmarks are preserved and celebrated. At the same time cities have incubated groundbreaking contemporary forms of artistic expression that have expanded the horizons of human creative potential.The enhanced connectivity and mobility facilitated by urbanization have also yielded significant benefits. The development of vast transportation networks including highways railways and airports has integrated previously isolated communities and regions into larger economic and social webs. This has catalyzed the flow of goods services and information necessary for driving sustainable development. The concentration of populations in urban areas has likewise made the provision of basic infrastructure such as electricity water and sanitation more efficient and affordable.Urbanization has also generated positive spillover effects for environmental sustainability in some respects. The density of urban living and the economies of scale it enables have the potential to reduce per capita resource consumption and emissions compared to dispersed rural settlement patterns. Well-planned cities with efficient public transportation systems walkable neighborhoods and green spaces can cultivate more environmentally friendly lifestyles. Furthermore the clustering of human activity in cities can alleviate pressure on rural ecosystems and free up land for conservation efforts.Of course the achievements of urbanization have not been uniform or without tradeoffs. The breakneck pace of urban growth particularly in developing economies has also given rise to immense challenges such as sprawling slums deficient infrastructure andenvironmental degradation. Addressing these issues while preserving the benefits of urbanization will be a critical priority for policymakers in the decades ahead.Nonetheless the remarkable transformation of the human habitat over the past century is an accomplishment worthy of recognition. Billions have been lifted from poverty connected to opportunity and exposed to the rich tapestry of human civilization. Cities have emerged as the dynamic engines of progress that are shaping the future of our species. While the journey of urbanization is far from complete the achievements realized thus far are a testament to human ingenuity adaptability and resourcefulness in the face of monumental change.。
什么是城市化
治理对策
• 建卫星城、开发新区、控制城市中心区 的规模
• 改善城市的交通和居住条件 • 保护和治理城市环境
根据规划，在 “领头羊”的带 领下，珠三角将 形成两条发展主 轴、三大都市区， 呈网络状发展。
珠三角三大都市圈呼之欲出 两条发展主轴分别向香港、澳门延伸，一条是广深 （香港）发展轴；一条是广珠（澳门）发展轴。 三大都市区分别是中部都市区、东岸都市区、西岸 都市区。 中部都市区：以广州为中心，包括佛山、三水等
1. 何谓中国的“三农问题”？ 2. 你知道打工仔、打工妹大致起源于何时？ 3. 他们为什么纷纷涌入南方沿海城市？ 4. 他们的到来为珠三角地区带来了哪些积极
和消极的影响？
三、珠江三角洲工业化和城市化的问题
问题：耕地被大量占用、城镇和工业过度密集、 环境污染严重（噪声污染、珠江水质恶化、大气 污染、固体废弃物污染、酸雨严重）、 产业结构层次偏低等。
贵州9个省（区），加上香港和澳门两
个特别行政区在内的11个地区合作，共 谋发展。 四川
云南
贵州 湖南
江西 福建
广西
广东 澳门 香港
海南
“泛珠三角”地区基本情况 （2002）
陆地面积
人口
国内生产 总值
199.45万 平方公里 4.46亿人
34474.2亿 元
占全国面积的 20.78 %
占全国总人口 的34.76 %
• 工业化加速了人口向城市的集中
• 工业化加速了人的观念和生活方式的转变
“泛珠三角”区域优势
1、区域内产业差异明显，经济互补性强；
2、发达的小珠江三角洲，加上著名国际金融、 信息、物流中心——香港，可作为此区域发展 的龙头；
3、经济腹地辽阔；
城市化的定义_城市化的概念
城市化的定义_城市化的概念城镇化(：Urbanization)，又称城市化、都市化，是指人口向城镇聚集、城镇规模扩大以及由此引起一系列经济社会变化的过程, 其实质是经济结构、社会结构和空间结构的变迁。
以下是小编为大家带来的关于城市化的定义，欢迎大家前来阅读!城市化的定义定义1：城市化是一个地区的人口在城镇和城市相对集中的过程。
城市化也意味着城镇用地扩展，城市文化、城市方式和价值观在农村地域的扩散过程。
所属学科：地理学(一级学科);城市地理学(二级学科) 定义2：指人类生产和生活方式由乡村型向城市型转化的历史过程，表现为乡村人口向城市人口的转化以及城市不断发展和完善的过程。
所属学科：生态学(一级学科);城市生态学、生态工程学和产业生态学(二级学科)城市化也有的学者称之为城镇化、都市化，是由农业为主的传统乡村社会向以工业和服务业为主的现代城市社会逐渐转变的历史过程，具体包括人口职业的转变、产业结构的转变、土地及地域空间的变化。
不同的学科从不同的角度对之有不同的解释，就目前来说，国内外学者对城市化的概念分别从人口学、地理学、社会学、经济学等角度予以了阐述。
城市化含义改革开放以后，中国逐步放开了原有对人口流动的控制，大量农民工流向了城市，同时加快了城市化的进程。
但是中国城市化的滞后给中国的经济、社会的持续、快速、健康发展带来了一系列的矛盾。
从分析城市化的涵义着手，在对城市化的三种基本形式进行说明的基础上，讨论了中国城市化过程中产生的以及影响中国城市化进程的几个问题。
就目前来说，国内外学者对城市化的概念分别从人口学、地理学、社会学、经济学等角度予以了阐述。
人口学人口学把城市化定义为农村人口转化为城镇人口的过程。
他们所说的城市化就是人口的城市化，指的是“人口向城市地区集中、或农业人口变为非农业人口的过程”。
中国的人口中大头是农民，目前我国城镇人口在36%左右，因此加快我国人口城市化的步伐对于促进农村剩余力的转移、实现农村经济的增长有着很重要的战略意义。
城市化
城市化的概念也不尽相同。人口学把城市化定义为农村人口转化为城镇人口的过程，地理学角度来看城市化 是农村地区或者自然区域转变为城市地区的过程，经济学上从经济模式和生产方式的角度来定义城市化，生态学 认为城市化过程就是生态系统的演变过程，社会学家从社会关系与组织变迁的角度定义城市化。
城市化是多维的概念，城市化内涵包括人口城市化、经济城市化（主要是产业结构的城市化）、地理空间城 市化和社会文明城市化（包括生活方式、思想文化和社会组织关系等的城市化）。
四种模式
四种模式
1.珠江三角洲模式：对外开放——外资企业建立——工业化——城市化 2.温州模式：小商品经营——个体私营企业——工业化——城市化 3.苏南模式：大城市扩散——乡镇企业——工业化——城市化 4.东北模式：森林、矿产资源开发——国有大中型企业建立——工业化——城市化
再城市化
在世界范围内，已高度城市化的国家和地区，在世界范围内的人口流动进行再次城市化，形成世界新的经济、 社会可持续中心，为二次城市化，所形成的的城市即为新的世界中心。
1.针对世界范围内第一次城市化历史遗留的单一工业化经济及远距离物流交换模式形成的通胀危机，利用能 自产能源的碳熵城市杜绝通胀危机而形成的新的无通胀危机的城市，是其第一特征；
如果中国高层进一步农村劳动力不足问题，借助国家经济实力的提升正能量，重新整合农村土地资源，办集 约化大农业，实现中国农业的规模化和农业机械化，这样城市化就有利于农村大发展，也保障了国家的粮食安全 和社会稳定。
关于城市化的英语作文范文
【导语】你对于城市化它的利弊是否有在英语作文中介绍清楚吗?下面是由为大家带来城市化英语作文，欢迎大家参考!【篇一】关于城市化的英语作文范文we see a newly emerging community: there are supermarkets, schools, banks and hospitals. A resident tells us, “Eight years ago it was still the countryside.” The history of reform and openingup is the history of rapid economic development; it is also the history of largescale urbanization of our nation. I firmly believe that the advantages of urbanization are many. First, when more and more people flood into cities, the city is often becoming bigger and bigger and many people move out of the downtown area and into the suburbs. This trend of urban construction is beneficial to future city development as a whole. Second, it provides more development opportunities for big cities. With more and more people coming to the city, urban development is experiencing a new round of leaping forward. Urbanization may also bring a series of unfavorable consequences. First, the farmland in the country is shrinking. Second, sometimes, the rural land, rivers and air are polluted. When more and more new factories are set up, the surrounding environment is likely to decay. In my mind, it is not necessarily the result. Finally, the young people who still practice farming are becoming fewer and fewer. Some of them go to big cities to pursue a better life. Some of them stay at home, but begin to do business or work in local factories. All in all, urbanization brings more benefits than problems. The present society is experiencing great changes—what we should be sure is that we strike a balance between economical development and environmental protection.【篇二】关于城市化的英语作文范文Urbanization has been a subject of heated discussion for a long time. Some people are in favor, while others are opposed. In my opinion, urbanization has both advantages and disadvantages.Generally, the advantages of urbanization can be listed as follows. First,urbanization can quicken our pace to catch up with the developed countries. We all know that the developed countries are all highly urbanized. Second, urbanization will help to solve the problem of unemployment. It will create more job opportunities for the unemployed. In addition, urbanization will free a great number of farmers from the fields, thus realizing the dream of agricultural mechanization in our country. Finally, urbanization can improve the standards of living of the migrants who move to the urban area.However,the disadvantages of urbanization are also obvious. To begin with,administration of the increasing population in urban area might be a great challenge to the government. Moreover, more problems, such as increasing crime rate, over crowding, might increase, since more people are concentrated in a relatively smaller place.It is evident that the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. Therefore, I am in favor of urbanization.【篇三】关于城市化的英语作文范文Presently, there is a tendency that a growing number of people are moving from countryside into city annually. A century ago, less than five percent of all people lived in cities. By the middle of this century it could be seventy percent, or almost six and a half billion people.Urbanization can lead to social and economic progress, but also put pressure on cities to provide housing and services. Withthe increasing number of individuals pouring into cities, the worsening inequalities, driven by social divisions and differences in wealth, could result in violence and crime unless cities plan better. Another issue is urban expansion. This is where cities expand quickly into rural areas, sometimes at a much faster rate than urban population growth.From my perspective, the government is expected to implement laws and regulations to limit the exceedingly growing of the urban population. As college students, we can seek employment back to our hometown and I am sure a promising future is awaiting us there.【篇四】关于城市化的英语作文范文With the development of economy, more and more people rush to cities. Some people rush to cities in order to look for jobs and earn more money while others want to learn new knowledge and improve the quality of their personal life.Opportunities for bright young people are greater in the cities.But there exist some problems. For example， owing to the increasing population，the housing and traffic problem are becoming more and more serious. And the rush of the country people to cities also leads to the rise in crimes.To solve these problems，the government should take effective measures to control the population and make them live orderly. Also some opportunities should be created for the country people to receive education and improve their quality of life.。