最新最全备课精编精讲精练中考英语语法专题八 时态语态专题十三 主谓一致

专题十三主谓一致

【命题趋势】主谓一致是各地中考重点考查的语法项目之一，以考查主谓一致三原则为主。【考点归纳】

1.语法一致

2.意义一致

3.就近一致

【语法精讲】

主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致通常有三种原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。

一、语法一致

（一）谓语动词用单数的情况

1）主语是单数，谓语动词要用单数形式。

例如：Tom is a good student.

2）主语是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：

①There is some milk in the fridge.

②There are five cartons of milk in the fridge.

3) 单个动词不定式、动名词短语作主语，谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：

①To become a doctor i s her wish.

②Helping others is her great happiness.

4) “much, little, a little, much more, a great deal of, an amount of+不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如：

①There i s little water in the bottle.

②A great deal of time has been wasted by now.

（二）谓语动词用复数的情况

1)主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：

They often play football on the playground.

2)由两部分构成的物体的名词，如glasses, shoes, trousers, chopsticks, scissors, pants, jeans, gloves 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：

My glasses are on the desk. 我的眼睛在书桌上。

【超级点津】如果这类名词前用了a pair of等表示数量的名词，则谓语动词的单复数形式往往取决于表示数量的名词的单复数形式。例如：

①Here are some new pairs of shoes.

②My new pair of socks is on the bed.

3）用and或both…and连接的名词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语谓语动词用复数形式。

例如：Reading and writing are very important. 读写很重要。

4）both, few, a few, many, several, others作主语或它们所修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：

①There are only a few people who can live to 100. 只有少数人能活到100岁。

②Both of them are in my class. 他们两个都在我的班里

三、根据主语中名词的单复数而定

1) 当主语有with, as well as, along with, like, together with, rather than, except, but, including, plus, besides, in addition to等结构跟在主语后面时，不能看作是并列主语，可以看作是插入语，该主语不受这些词组引导的插入语的影响，谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。例如：

①The teacher together with some students is visiting the museum.

②Tom as well as I wants to go boating.

③The woman together with her daughter and son is sitting on the sofa.

④All but one were here just now.

2)some of，all of, most of, plenty of, half of, a lot of, lots of, none of, rest of, part of以及等后面加上可数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常与of后面的名词/代词保持一致。例如：

Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.

There is plenty of water in the bottle.

There are plenty of balls in the box.

3) “分数或百分数+ of + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于of后的名词或代词的单、复数形式。例如：

①has been reclaimed.

②against the plan.

③boys.

④is fresh water.

【超级点津】谓语动词取决于修饰词，而不是取决于主语中的名词的情况

由“kind( type, form，pile, series，quantity) of”等修饰主语时，其谓语形式取决于kind, type, form, pile, series等这些修饰词的单复数而不是它们后面所跟的名词。例如：kind of books is good for children.

These kinds of books are good for children.

quantity of paper was left.

Large q uantities of paper were left.

二、意义一致

（一）谓语动词用单数的情况

1）有些名词形式上是复数，而意义上却是单数。如news, means, works(工厂), Maths。还有许多以ics结尾的学科名称，如economics, physics, mechanics, Mathematics, politics(“政治”的意思，如果作为“政见”的意思，则是复数含义)等，它们作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：

①Here is the news.

②Politics is my favourite subject.

2)当one of, a pair of, a kind of , a pile of（一堆），a series of （一系列）等结构作主语时，

谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：

①One of those students has passed the examination.

② A new type of bus is now on show.

②A series of accidents has been reported.

③A pile of books was set beside the wall.

3) 用作运算的数词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

Ten plus ten makes twenty.

4) 数词和表示金钱、时间、价格、度、量、衡等名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。例如：

①Five dollars is enough.

②Two weeks was allowed for making preparations.

③Thirty miles is a long way to walk.