英语文章11篇

1. The connotation of the American DreamThe so-called American Dream has the broad and narrow sense, broad sense refers to the symbolic beauty of the American Dream. the Statue of Liberty Equality country, freedom, and democracy is a narrow believe that in the United States through the efforts of unremitting struggle You will be able to get a better life for you, that is, people must through their own hard work, courage, creativity, and determination to move towards prosperity, rather than rely on specific social class and the assistance of others. Usually this represents success or entrepreneurial spirit of the people in the economy. Many European immigrants hold over the American dream to the United States.in September 16, 1620, "Mayflower" carrying 102 passengers from the United Kingdom to the North American Air Plymouth MaoSiqi create colonies. November 11 that year, "Mayflower" in the United States today anchored in Provincetown, Massachusetts, developed under the auspices of the Puritans on board "" Mayflower "the Convention", signed 41 free adult man on the Convention, then ship to sail, on December 21 reached colonial settlements, which is today Plymouth, Massachusetts. These colonists based on “Mayflower”, “Convention" set up "citizen-government", the provisions of the Convention: "In order to better manage, maintain and develop the local government, in the future, the public interest at any time to develop and fulfill the just laws decrees and administrative, we ensure compliance and obedience. "2.The Origins of the American Dream Historythe "Great significance" Mayflower "Convention" that it laid the foundation for the rule of law in the United States, outlines the general framework legislation. People have not come ashore, we first agreed to build a rule of law in North America rather than the rule of man's social system, according to the will of the majority of the people rather than a few rulers or the will power to manage society. "" Mayflower "Convention" contribution to human civilization can be par 1215, Britain's "Great Charter," 1776 US "Declaration of Independence" and the 1789 French "Declaration of Human Rights." American scholars generally believe that "Declaration of Independence" is the foundation of the American dream, Statue of Liberty is a symbol of the American dream. "All men are created equal, endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, including the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of Happiness." This sentence has attracted men and women from around the world came to the United States to achieve their dreams. Various laws after "Declaration of Independence" as the Constitution established the American Dream has provided a guarantee rule of law, to ensure that everyone has the opportunity to realize their dreams, a country without a good system, no matter how personal the dream difficult to realize.In American history, Benjamin Franklin, Mark Twain and countless other politicians, social activists, writers used the "American dream" word. Obama 2008 presidential campaign, one of his best-selling book "The Audacity of Hope: a reaffirmation of the American Dream," inspired many Americans, earned him a lot of votes.3. The Characteristics of the American dream.All kinds of individual American dream dreams pregnant with universality, that is, no matter how you came from, no matter what your background, if you work hard you can achieve your dreams. It is like the American writer Thomas Wolfe (Thomas Wolfe, 1900-1938) American dream explained: "No one, regardless of how he was born, no matter what kind of society he has status, but no matter what he has blessed opportunities . he's right to exist, the right to work, the rightto live from me, have the right according to their own innate and acquired conditions to become the person you want to be. "American Dream of spiritual pursuit far better than the pursuit of material. American historian James Tel Slobodan Adams (James Truslow Adams, 1878-1949) in the "American Epic" (Epic of America) wrote: "The American Dream is far more than substance category, the American dream is to allow individuals to . fully developed, self-realization, "he said:" the American dream is not a car, not a high salary, but a social order, in this order, and all men and women can achieve the maximum that can be achieved on the basis of their quality achievement and social recognition, regardless of his (her) birth, social background and social status.In summary, despite everyone's dream is different, but the American dream in common is the "democracy, freedom and human rights." "Democracy" is a political system, it is the American dream of soil; a country that does not have a good system, that nation can only do "Daydream", any good dream difficult to achieve.4. The way to achieve the American dream."Freedom" is to achieve the American dream the way, reflects the American dream of respect for the individual citizen as well as "people-oriented," the governing ideas; everyone can have their own dreams, you can use your favorite way to realize their dreams; no freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of assembly, freedom of association, freedom of procession, of demonstration, freedom to strike, freedom of religion, freedom of communication these freedoms, it is cut off by the dream of a bridge leading to a dream come true. "Human rights" is the American dream content, which includes the right to life, the right to education, the right to work, freedom of movement, the right to vote and to be elected and the right to criticize the government and the pursuit of happiness and the like.Of course, the American Dream is not static, nor is it perfect. Although the United States declared its independence in 1776, but until 1865 was the abolition of slavery until 1870 expressly granted black men the right to vote until 1920 before a predetermined state shall deprive women of the right to vote. At any time of the passage of time, as human self-awareness continues to improve, with the progress of human civilization, people pursue lifestyles and social patterns are changing.Just as the Famous black American civil rights activist Martin Luther King in the speech "I Have a Dream" which revealed the true meaning of the American dream: the American dream in the constitution, the American dream is the implementation of the Constitution, if not formulated constitution implementation , then desecrated the dignity of the Constitution.5. The meaning of social status.Usually it refers to members of the community-based differences in social property, and in social relationships and their relative positions around the rights and obligations of this position is formed.From a sociological theory, the so-called social status refers to any social position have the rights and obligations from the social point of view provides, whether this position is high or low social status of an individual in the system of social relations in which the position, whether this position is a natural formation or the formation of social division of labor needs. Employment is of course an important aspect of social status, social status but not mean employment, social status refers to a person in which the social life position, role and contribution to society. Indeed,to get social status, they must participate in social life, but there are paid to participate in social life and where people are free to participate in two social network location. Usually arranged according to social wealth, prestige, or power level of education and the amount taken. Relations of production is the foundation of all social relations, in a class society, the relations of production determined by the person's class status is a basic human social status. Everyone form a variety of social relations in certain society, they are likely to get a variety of social status. According to different criteria, we can put people's social status is divided into different grades sequences, such as class status, and political stat.6. The characteristics of social status.These social status staggered between each other, it is largely the same, generally can be summarized as ascribed status and is eligible for two types of self-position. The former refers to the innate fixed position, such as hereditary nobility, hereditary slavery, Father and Son and the like. The latter refers to the status acquired through efforts to obtain, such as professors, engineers, factory directors. Sociology attaches great importance to the status of the relationship between a variety of studies. The first is consistent with studies on the status and position contrary. Status means more consistent with the status of individuals have are now at roughly the same level, such as a person both high class status, educational status, occupational status. Social mobility and less hierarchical society, status consistency is strong. Position inconsistent contrary to personal status means a hierarchy of situations in different areas, such as a lower-class status have received a higher education status. Socio-economic status and social prestige status also have inconsistencies. Sociology is also very concerned about the problem of primacy, which refers to a person under circumstances unite inconsistent position, there is one of the most prominent position dominates other status, which determines the level of his overall position. In modern society, professional activities are often one of the most important activities of the main people to pay attention, so it is generally primacy.7. The meaning of social wealth.Social wealth means that workers in the production process created by having people use value of the product of labor; means of production into the community, areas of life has value and valuable substances. Social wealth, including natural resources, labor and product technology products and other forms of knowledge. Use value and value are two fundamental attributes of social wealth.The Meaning of wealth is related to economics. About Wealth economics, there are a variety of names, some call it material wealth, it was called natural wealth, it was called artificial wealth, was also known as wealth; explicitly wealth economics Marx called social wealth. The earliest definition of wealth to Xenophon possession useful to think of the good things, such as horses, sheep, land, and so is wealth. Obviously, this is only the wealth attributed to the use value. After Aristotle more clearly pointed out: "The real wealth is constituted by a useful value." He also said: “wealth is rich material which belongs to the family and the country's processed."8. The different categories of social wealth.In feudal society, the reality-based natural economy, people still insist on causing material wealth is the wealth of view. With commodity currencies economic development, capital relations also began to grow. Due to the large development of foreign trade generated mercantilist school, do not agree with the use value is the wealth of the traditional view that wealth is constituted by the currency or gold and silver. This is clearly understood as the exchangevalue wealth. Late mercantilists proposed dualistic concept of wealth, wealth that is considered both a man of wealth, but also natural wealth. As the seventeenth century Britain Thomas Meng said, the development of foreign trade, and strive to surplus, to make earn "human wealth" "was in the form of cash back to the country." At the same time he said: "Money is the life that trade" argument is wrong, not only because "the world has only a small amount of money in circulation when, had been large-scale trade exchange or replacement of the goods." Britain, France and later mercantilists as Mengkelieqin, also "on the one hand that monetary wealth. on the other hand, he said the country was not rich enough gold and silver, but it was the necessities of life .9.The Physiocrats view of social wealthWith the development of capitalism and the emergence of the Physiocrats, firmly opposed to merely exchange value understood as wealth, and wealth should put great emphasis on use value. They believe that the consumption of non-monetary gold and silver is not real wealth, can only consume pure agricultural products is the real wealth. As Physiocrats Quesnay wrote: "A nation's wealth is not determined by the total amount of monetary wealth"; "wealth is the source of human subsistence." Said: "As a commodity crop of view, is a combination of monetary wealth and physical wealth." Further development of classical economics, but also abandoned the physiocrats view. Its master of Adam Smith, the wealth that is only understood as the value of social wealth, and that is understood as the use-value material wealth. The so-called material wealth, he was referring to enjoy life for the "necessities, conveniences and entertainment products," or is the product of years of productive sectors. Smith's views on wealth have clearly dualistic nature. After the completion of classical economics by Ricardo and Say around Smith's definition of wealth dispute, split on one end of dualism. Say assertion that Smith believed that wealth is only "by the constitution or the value of material objects and not by itself constitute a material object," and asserts that "wealth and value proportional are the same to." Although he insisted Smith's definition of social wealth, it does not agree with Smith's labor theory of value.10. The meaning of the middle class.Generally refers to the middle class economic status, political and social status of cultural point of view, they were in the middle stage of the level of society, which is a seemingly clear, but in reality vague definition. The middle class (or middle class), refers to people of low levels of "physiological needs and security needs" are met, and moderate levels of "emotional needs and esteem needs" has been well met, but not the pursuit of high-level " self-actualization needs "class (or classes); Because the family is the cell of society, and most people's wealth is owned by the family as a unit, so the middle class consists of" middle-class families "component.The Middle class, mostly engaged in mental, physical or technology base, mainly by wages and salaries to make a living, generally well-educated, professional knowledge and strong professional capability and the corresponding family spending power; have some free time, the pursuit of life the quality of its work, the work of the object generally has a certain power and control over the management. At the same time, most of them have good citizenship, civic awareness and appropriate training. In other words, the economic status, political and social status of cultural point of view, they were in the middle stage the level of society.11. The meaning and characteristics of class.The social class is developed to a certain stage of production, namely, the production has been developed yet underdeveloped product. The nature of the class is that it is specific to therelations of production and linked, on the status of the economy in different social groups or community groups. The class is divided into different positions and different relationships forged by people who live in a specific socio-economic structure of the decision. Divided according to the number of people owning property: by the rich class, middle class and poor class composition. After being diluted class theory, Chinese social circles with social class instead of class this term.Class features: class is an economic category. Class is an economic category, the first refers to the class of human society is a certain community of social production system formed in the possession of relations of production is the most essential characteristics of the class, the rest of the features are derived from this essential feature , this is the inherent nature of class prescriptive.Class is a historical category. Human society is not never had class, "the existence of classes is only a certain historical stage of development of production linked" with the productivity of both the development of certain development but not fully appropriate to the circumstances.。