British Economy PPT
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British Economy
BACK
chief agricultural products
• Wheat Barley • Oats
Sugar beets
BSE disease: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) is a transmissible, neurodegenerative, fatal brain disease of cattle.
A Golden Age
Brown‘s economic policy
Blair‘s Third Way
Байду номын сангаас
Margaret
Downturn
Thatcher
1979-1991
1973-1981
The world‘s leading economy
By the 1880s, the British economy had achieved global dominance, producing one third of the world‘s manufactured goods, half its coal, iron, and cotton. The quantity of goods transported in Britain‘s shipping industry was greater than that of the rest of the world put together.
More details on page 45
The Group of Seven 七个经济大国
Britain
Germany Italy
the US
France Japan
chief agricultural products
• Wheat Barley • Oats
Sugar beets
BSE disease: Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) is a transmissible, neurodegenerative, fatal brain disease of cattle.
A Golden Age
Brown‘s economic policy
Blair‘s Third Way
Байду номын сангаас
Margaret
Downturn
Thatcher
1979-1991
1973-1981
The world‘s leading economy
By the 1880s, the British economy had achieved global dominance, producing one third of the world‘s manufactured goods, half its coal, iron, and cotton. The quantity of goods transported in Britain‘s shipping industry was greater than that of the rest of the world put together.
More details on page 45
The Group of Seven 七个经济大国
Britain
Germany Italy
the US
France Japan
Britain Economy(1)英国经济
For EU, the UK is a naughty boy. Will the nuaghty boy stay or leave? Let's wait and see.
英国与欧盟 为啥闹分手[高清版].ifox
1995年英国制造业占国内生产总值1/6，增长率为2.2%， 从业人员400万(1985年是500 万)，占总就业人口1/6。 建筑业占国民生产总值5%，就业人口180万，占总就业人 口7 %。主要工业有采矿、冶金、化工、机械、电子、电 子仪器、汽车、航空、食品、饮料、烟草、轻纺、造纸、 印刷、出版、建筑等。
在1820至1913年间，英国的人均收入增长比过去任何时 候都要快，大约为1700至1820年期间的3倍。 从19世纪早期起，不断加速的通常被喻为“工业革命” 的技术进步成为世界经济的主要特征，但“工业”这个 词很不恰当地将技术创新的影响狭隘地限于工业部门之 内。 从19世纪70年代起，英国出现了大量以海外投资为目的 的资本流出。约占它的储蓄的一半。从1870年至1913年， 世界人均GDP的年平均增长为1.3%，而在1820年至 1870年间为0.5%，在1700年至1820年为0.07%。
Stonehenge
对外贸易
主要出口品：
manufactured goods, mineral fuels, chemicals, foodstuffs,beverages and tobacco.Machinery, vehicles, etc.
main export partners:
Grmany, The United States, the Netherlands and France
主要进口商品： manufactured goods, machinery,fuels, etc.
Lecture 3
• The UK, a leading trading power and financial center, is one of the trillion dollar economies of Western Europe. Over the past two decades, the government has greatly reduced public ownership and contained the growth of social welfare programs. Agriculture is intensive, highly mechanized, and efficient by European standards, producing about 60% of food needs with less than 2% of the labor force. The UK has large coal, natural gas, and oil resources, but its oil and natural gas reserves are declining. Services, particularly banking, insurance, and business services, account by far for the largest proportion of GDP while industry continues to decline in importance. Since emerging from recession in 1992, Britain's economy enjoyed the longest period of expansion on record during which time growth outpaced most of Western Europe.
Lecture Five British Economy
ons for decline:
Exports of textiles have not competed well with those of other foreign producers who have managed to produce cheaper goods; There has been a rise in cheaper imports of textiles to Britain from foreign producers; Poor and outdated management decisions have caused problem; Substitutions of human-made fibres have been made for natural fibres; An improvement of output per worker has been achieved, due to mechanization.
I. Introduction
Characteristics of Britain’s Foreign Trade
Its foreign trade began to be balanced after oil and natural gas were discovered and exploited from the North Sea in 1970s. Margaret Thatcher’s privatization program and pragmatism (实用主义) helped to increase the competitiveness of British products in the world market.
Lesson 8 -Britain Economy英国经济
The UK EconomyThe primary industry: (take up only1.4% of the national wealth)Agriculture:With 2% of the labour force for 58% food need3/4 land for agriculture (1/4 for crops and 3/4 for grazing)FishingMiningCoal mining (provide 1/4 of the country’s energy)Oil, natural gas, nuclear energy (provide 3/4 of the country’s energy)One of the major export countries of oil and natural gasThree big companies in Britain (英国三大能源公司):Shell （壳牌公司）offshore equipmentBritish Petroleum （英国石油公司）British Gas （英国煤气天然气公司）The world’s largest mining companyRTZ (利奥锡锌公司，世界上最大的矿业公司)The secondary industry (take up only 22% of the national wealth)Pharmaceuticals (Glaxo-Wellcome, the biggest drug company in the world, 英国格兰素—威尔康公司)Chemicals (ICI, 帝国化学工业公司, the 2nd largest paint manufacturer in the world ) Aerospace:ranking the 3rd in the world, producing the full range of aerospace products from civil and military aircrafts to missiles and jet engines)Food and drink (Scotland wisky)Retail industry: “a nation of shop-keepers” (Tesco, Co-op, Safeway, Mark & Spencer) Electronics industry: the 4th largest in the worldA longest history of auto industry (1920s—1950s, the 2nd largest auto producer in the world)Rolls Royce,Aston-Hartin阿斯顿.马丁,Bentley,Mini,Jaguar美洲豹,Rover (bought by Germany BMW)LandRover陆虎targeting the Chinese marketauto components and parts,hig-tech engineering industry (racing car in Formula One)British Steel (the 4th largest steel company)The tertiary industry (take up only 65% of the national wealth)75% of the national workforce is employed in the third sectorBanking (provide both domestic and international financial and commercial services) In London:There are 800 banks, of which about 500 are foreign banks.58% of global trade takes place;1/5 international bank lending takes places;The London Stock Exchange: Capital trading,currency trading (gold currency and paper currency),foreign exchange,financial spot good/commodities or future goods,stock trading,security (government securities/bonds) trading. InsuranceTourismAdvertisingThe retail industryThree major economic stimuli:✓Domestic consumption:household expenditure, cars and transportation, and daily consumption (food, leisure goods and services, household goods and services)✓Export trading and foreign trade:overseas commodity trade alone accounts for about 1/6 of the country’s national income. Significant trading links connect Britain with all major parts of the world.✓Both domestic and foreign investment (governmental and private):Foreign Direct Investment (because of the low domestic capital storage in the developing countries, economic stimulus and employment opportunities)英国经济第一产业：（占用only1.4％的国民财富）农业：用2％的劳动力的58％的食品需要3 / 4的土地用于农业（1 /农作物和放牧的3 /4 4）钓鱼矿业煤炭开采（提供该国的能源1 / 4）石油，天然气，核能（提供该国的能源3 / 4）其中石油和天然气的主要出口国三名在英国大公司（英国三大能源公司）：壳牌（壳牌公司）离岸设备英国石油公司（英国石油公司）英国天然气（英国煤气天然气公司）世界最大的矿业公司RTZ（利奥锡锌公司，世界上最大的矿业公司）第二产业（占用只有22％的国民财富）制药（葛兰素- 威康，在世界上最大的制药公司，英国格兰素- 威尔康公司）化工（ICI，帝国化学工业公司，第二大涂料生产商在世界上）航空航天：排名世界第三，生产的全系列产品，从航天民用和军用飞机，导弹和喷气发动机）食品和饮料（苏格兰wisky）零售行业：（乐购，合作社，Safeway公司，马克与斯宾塞）“的店员的国家”电子行业：在世界第4大一个汽车行业历史最悠久（1920 - 50年代，在世界第二大汽车生产国）罗尔斯罗伊斯公司，阿斯顿- 哈廷阿斯顿。
《英语国家概况》Unit 6 British Economy课件
In the late 18th century Britain acquired vast, unpopulated territories in Canada, Australia and New Zealand, and in the early and middle of 19th century, it colonized large areas in Asia such as India and China. By 1900, Britain had built up a big empire “on which the sun never set”, which included 25% of the world’s population and area.
Britain is wealthier and more productive than it was in 1945, but other countries developed more rapidly, so it slip from being the 2nd largest economy soon after the year 1945 to being the 6th.
produced 1/2 of the world’s coal, iron and cotton;
greater shipping amount than the sum of the rest of the world
2. Overtaken in 1900 by both the United States and Germany. 3. Decline since 1945 （1）It is relative decline
Encouraged by the large quantities of wealth brought by
Chapter 5 British Economy
• nationalize key industries (such as
coal, steel and transport)
laid the foundation for postwar British
social and economic development
Result: Britain’s economic growth fell behind
behind
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
A Guide to English-Speaking Countries
Policies (1979-1997)
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
Chapter 4
Economy
英 语 国 家 概 况
A Guide to English-Speaking Countries
CONTENT
I
Recent History of British Economy
II
Current British Economy
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
A Guide to English-Speaking Countries
Services industries
Services industries, especially, business and financial services—the strongest performing sector in the UK economy London—the strongest performing region in the UK
Chapter 3.British Economy英国经济
3.2 Agriculture
Britain‘s land surface is minimal最小的 compared to many other nations, but British agriculture is very intensive and highly productive. In recent decades output has risen steadily, and agricultural labor has become more productive, due to innovations in farm machinery, biological engineering of seeds and plants, and the increased use of fertilizers, pesticides杀虫剂, and herbicides除草剂. Consequently, imports of food, feed, and beverages饮料 dropped from 36 percent of total imports in 1955 to 11 percent in 1985, and to 10 percent by 1994. Compared to other nations in the European Union, Britain's agricultural sector is much smaller in terms of employment and contribution to the GDP 国内生产总值 (gross domestic product). In 1996 agriculture employed approximately 2 percent of the workforce and contributed 1.4 percent of the GDP.
英国的经济.ppt
英国近况
• 近几年来，英国经济正经历150多年来 最长的持续增长时期，自1992年以来 每个季度都有增长。在通货膨胀、利 率、和失业率方面都保持了较低的水 平，也使英国成为欧盟中最强的经济 体之一。因此，根据国际货币基金组 织的统计，英国的人均国内生产总值 （购买力平价）在欧盟国家中位列第 七，次于卢森堡、爱尔兰、荷兰、丹 麦、奥地利和芬兰。但是，与其他英 语国家一样，其收入不平衡水平高于 许多欧洲国家。尽管石油收入不菲， 英国仍具有世界第三大经常账户赤字。
英国的渔业虽已大幅衰退，但占有重要 地位。其渔船捕捞从鳎鱼到鲱鱼的各鱼 种。一些沿海城镇，比如金斯敦赫尔、 格林斯比、弗里特伍德、大雅茅斯、皮 特海德、弗莱瑟堡以及罗斯托夫特等从 事渔业
电力、燃气和供水行业
2006年度蓝皮书表明 这部分产业在2004年 为英国经济贡献了 171.03亿英镑的总产 值。[6] 英国计划建造 新的核反应堆来取代 现有的发电机组，并 增加英国的能源储备
酒店及饮食业
• 2006年度蓝皮书表明 这部分产业在2004年 为英国经济贡献了 330.74亿英镑的总产 值
运输、仓储及通讯业
2006年度蓝皮书表明 运输和仓储业在2004 年为英国经济贡献了 495.16亿英镑的总产 值，而通讯业贡献了 297.62亿英镑的总产 值
英国的经济
制作人：双丽丽
英国Байду номын сангаас况
• 英国作为一个重要的贸易实体、经济强国以及金融中心， 是世界第六大经济体系，也是全球最富裕、经济最发达 和生活水平最高的国家之一。在过去的三十年间，政府 大量减少了国有资产，并减缓了社会福利计划的发展。 英国的农业以乳畜业为主，较为集中，高度机械化，并 且效益十分高：1%的劳动人口能够满足大约60%的食 品需要。英国拥有大量的煤、天然气和石油储备；英国 的主要能源生产大约占总GDP的10%，在工业国家是 算非常高的。服务业，特别是银行业、金融业、航运业、 保险业以及商业服务业占GDP的比重最大，而且处于 世界领导地位，首都伦敦更是世界数一数二的金融、航 运和服务中心。尽管英国仍是欧洲最大的军火、石油产 品、电脑、电视和手机的制造地，工业的重要性不断下 降。
英国经济 ppt课件
In 1619, Dutch East India Company beat British East India Company
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12
Charlie Thi 查理一世 was executed in 1649, the United Kingdom announced the occasion of the Republic, the situation has changed. The bourgeoisie urgently 资产阶级 demands to open up new overseas colonies and broaden overseas markets
War outcome：Britain began to become the dominant maritime海上霸主
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British slave trade英国黑奴贸易 ——Britain is the world's largest slave trade country
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Forteenth Century——the plague （黑死病）
Plague Yersinia pestis（鼠疫耶尔森氏菌） is a infectious disease（感染性疾病）which spread by fleas , are widely popular among wild rodents，is a natural focus infection disease （自然疫源性疾病）.
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In 1584, the British established the first colony in North America Virginia (according to: Virginia for the virgin meaning, because Queen Elizabeth unmarried ）
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Charlie Thi 查理一世 was executed in 1649, the United Kingdom announced the occasion of the Republic, the situation has changed. The bourgeoisie urgently 资产阶级 demands to open up new overseas colonies and broaden overseas markets
War outcome：Britain began to become the dominant maritime海上霸主
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British slave trade英国黑奴贸易 ——Britain is the world's largest slave trade country
2021/2/19
5
Forteenth Century——the plague （黑死病）
Plague Yersinia pestis（鼠疫耶尔森氏菌） is a infectious disease（感染性疾病）which spread by fleas , are widely popular among wild rodents，is a natural focus infection disease （自然疫源性疾病）.
2021/2/19
11
In 1584, the British established the first colony in North America Virginia (according to: Virginia for the virgin meaning, because Queen Elizabeth unmarried ）
英国经济ppt
• In the early 20th century the motor vehicle industry in Britain was developed in the west midlands and South East of England. The British motor industry is now dominated by four firms(Ford, the Rover Group, GM-Vauxhall, and Peugeot) 20世 纪初，英国汽车工业在中地西部和英格兰 东南部得到发展，现在英国地汽车业受控 于四大公司（福特，拉夫集团，GM凡克斯 豪和波昂特）。
State-owned →→→ privately owned Main reason:
1. Needs of tax cut to promote economic development and increase the efficiency of company 2. Difficulty in finance of the government 3. Other people think that it had some relation with the fight among the parties
The feature in economy of the UK
• Privatisation(私有化)
Main Point • A. Social situation before the program
• B Privitisation program was carried out • C The result of the program
Margaret Hilda Thatcher 撒切尔
英国国情经济简介_英文ppt
Margaret Thatcher
Significance
Nicknamed “The Iron Lady” The longest serving from 1979 to 1990 The first woman Prime Minister in the U.K.
Economic Belief
The Evolution of the British Economy since the War
• The evolution of the British economy since WWII falls into three periods: • (1) Steady development in the 50s and 60s: The British
Measures taken by Mrs. Thatcher's government to improve the economy
• Mrs. Thatcher‘s government took numerous
• •
measures to improve the efficiency of the economy during the past decade, using both macroeconomic and microeconomic policies.宏观经济政策和微观经济政 策 (1) Macroeconomic measures were directed towards bringing down the rate of inflation and achieving price stability. (2) Microeconomic policies were aimed at working with the grain of market forces by encouraging enterprise, efficiency and flexibility.
Britain 3
Tertiary Industries
65%
of national wealth 1. Trade ---- Britain is basically an importer of food and raw material and an exporter of manufactures. (customers )
Short-term influence of Thatcherism
Positive aspects: Inflation came under control, and businesses made profits. The 1980s saw the recovery of the British economy. Negative aspects: A rapid increase in unemployment. The national economy continued to grow at lower rates than its competitors. The economy even shrunk by 2.3between 1990 and 1992.
3. Recent History of British Economy
Other features: 1)Taking The West Europe as the center of its economic strategies 2) Facing oversea markets, enlarging its space of existence 3) Using the rules of market economy to take the place of the government’s interference in economy
Week 6 - British Economy课件
Scarcity i s very important in China f o r two main reasons: Scarcity of real estate has driven the price of homes too high levels.
Scarcity of raw materials has lead China to invest in Africa;
• Conclusion ( o r go back t o t h e beginning)
success of the s c i e n t i s t method England. Concluding that a moral foundation allowed the S c i e n t i f i c Method t o f l o u r i s h , h i n t e r p r e t e d the S c i e n t i f i c Meth of England. He continues t o be a
Newtons c i e n t i f i c theory o f f e r s some a s s i s t a n c e : he influences the academic society and t h a t society influences us today.
Do you want t o go t o Tsinghua /Cambridge University?
group; a i r , water and degrade quality of l i f • Qs: What i s the difference between a public
Scarcity of raw materials has lead China to invest in Africa;
• Conclusion ( o r go back t o t h e beginning)
success of the s c i e n t i s t method England. Concluding that a moral foundation allowed the S c i e n t i f i c Method t o f l o u r i s h , h i n t e r p r e t e d the S c i e n t i f i c Meth of England. He continues t o be a
Newtons c i e n t i f i c theory o f f e r s some a s s i s t a n c e : he influences the academic society and t h a t society influences us today.
Do you want t o go t o Tsinghua /Cambridge University?
group; a i r , water and degrade quality of l i f • Qs: What i s the difference between a public
UK--Economy(共53张)
• 1/10 of the economy is controlled by foreign commercial interests, mostly great multinational corporations –
generally American with some British participation.
• The government can act upon the Commission’s recommendations and prohibit a merger or take-over which would create a monopoly.
第8页，共53页。
Recent History of Economy
第11页，共53页。
Recent History of Economy
• Throughout the 1980s an extensive program of privatisation was carried out, with many state-owned businesses joining the private sector.
第3页，共53页。
Recent History of Economy
• In the years that followed, other industries were put
under government control including: gas, steel and shipbuilding.
is a major source of international investment --- in fact it
is the second biggest international investor in the world (1995).
generally American with some British participation.
• The government can act upon the Commission’s recommendations and prohibit a merger or take-over which would create a monopoly.
第8页，共53页。
Recent History of Economy
第11页，共53页。
Recent History of Economy
• Throughout the 1980s an extensive program of privatisation was carried out, with many state-owned businesses joining the private sector.
第3页，共53页。
Recent History of Economy
• In the years that followed, other industries were put
under government control including: gas, steel and shipbuilding.
is a major source of international investment --- in fact it
is the second biggest international investor in the world (1995).
第一章 英国经济史 《外国经济史》PPT课件
● 四、城市的兴起及封建经济的发展
● 到12世纪时,随着生产力的发展,英国城市数量及城市人口不断增加。12 世纪时,城市中出现了商人公会和手工业行会。
● 13世纪时,英国的封建经济已发展到较高的水平。耕作方法的改进使农业 产量提高。国内外对羊毛的需求刺激了养羊业的发展。到13世纪中叶,城 市已增加到160多个。
● 三、封建土地制度
● 1086年,威廉一世在英国全境实行广泛的土地调查,编成土地清册。这种 土地清册被称为“末日审判书”。
● 11世纪末到12世纪初,英国约有150万人口,其中有5%住在城市,其余住在 农村。在诺曼征服前后已形成的庄园,是英国封建经济的基础。
● 农业人口成分复杂。据土地清册中所列举的有维蓝、边农、茅舍小农、 奴隶、自由农民等多种类别。到12世纪时,依附农民和奴隶已汇合成为农 奴阶级。
● 9—11世纪,盎格鲁·撒克逊自由农村公社分化现象已有一定的发展,不少 农村公社变成了封建庄园。对丹麦人的战争更是加速了农民的分化和破 产 。 但 到 11 世 纪 中 叶 , 英 国 封 建 化 过 程 还 未 完 成 , 各 地 还 有 不 少 自 由 农 民 。 诺 曼 征 服 后 , 威 廉 大 批 没 收 盎 格 鲁 ·撒 克 逊 贵 族 的 土 地 , 分 给 自 己 的 亲 属 和 部下。随着土地主人的更换,农民遭到进一步的奴役,许多自由农民和半 自由农民都成为征服者的农奴。这样,诺曼征服后,英国的封建制度广泛 确立。
● 重商主义思想首先在英国得到了发展。1651年英国颁布的《航海法》成 为重商主义政策的典型。
● 重商主义政策的推行、地理大发现以及国内经济的发展,推动了16世纪英 国对外贸易的发展。
● 三、工场手工业的发展
● 工场手工业是以手工技术和雇佣工人的分工为基础的资本主义大生产。 它是从手工业生产向资本主义机器大工业过渡的准备阶段。
英美概况British economy Part2
PRESENT SITUATION
Britain: ●seen as a relatively small, open economy; ●had little control over the prices at which it sells; (traders had considerable pricing power during the Period of Empire) ●over half exports went to other EU countries and more imports came from the EU in 2007; ●still maintain a significant global presence in transportation, finance, computer and IT, scientific instruments and engineering products.
Note: the health care industry remains largely a state enterprise though liberalization(自由化) is also under way.
Today: privatization seen by the government as a restructuring opportunity and source of fund.
agencies.
Today: There are but a few institutions shape the British economy, addressing
difficulties, resolving disputes, and solving technical problems.
Britain: ●seen as a relatively small, open economy; ●had little control over the prices at which it sells; (traders had considerable pricing power during the Period of Empire) ●over half exports went to other EU countries and more imports came from the EU in 2007; ●still maintain a significant global presence in transportation, finance, computer and IT, scientific instruments and engineering products.
Note: the health care industry remains largely a state enterprise though liberalization(自由化) is also under way.
Today: privatization seen by the government as a restructuring opportunity and source of fund.
agencies.
Today: There are but a few institutions shape the British economy, addressing
difficulties, resolving disputes, and solving technical problems.
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B. Microeconomic policies were aimed at working with the grain of market forces by encouraging enterprise, efficiency and flexibility.
1. Agriculture Highly mechanized (1) In Britain, only 3% of the population is farmers (2) they manage 70% of the land area. (3) Modern farmers use computers. They talk about technological farming.
2. The charariods
(2) Economic recession in the 70s
A. Background Towards the end of the 1960s the rate of inflation began to rise. B. Characteristics stagflation During this period, Britain maintained the lowest growth rate and the highest inflation rate. The rate of inflation: 9.1% in 1973 → 16.0% in 1974 → 22% in 1980 The growth rate: 1.4% between 1973 and 1979 C. Policy To combat high inflation, restrictive fiscal policies were adopted.
3.The Thatcher government take the measures to improve the nation’s economy
Thatcher’s government took numerous measures to improve the efficiency of the economy, using both macroeconomic and microeconomic policies. A. Macroeconomic measures were directed towards bringing down the rate of inflation and achieving price stability.
3. Manufacturing Industry
30% of manufactured goods are exported. Including: pharmaceuticals chemicals aerospace food and drink electronics industry automobile industry
2. The characteristics of each of the 3 periods
(3) Economic recovery in the 80s A. Background: Thatcher won the election In March 1979 the Conservative Party under the leadership of Thatcher won the election B. Characteristics: economic recovery a. An outstanding feature of the economic recovery in the 80s was its length. By 1988 the recovery had lasted 7 years. b. Another feature was the improved financial position of the government, with stronger current account of the balance of payments. c. An important factory in the recovery was the surge in labor productivity. C. Policy: Medium-term Financial Strategy a. The new government adopted an economic program known as Medium-term Financial Strategy. Privatization, deregulation and market liberalization replaced prices and incomes control and state interventionism
British Economy
Wang Yi
1. The 3 periods of British economic evolution
2. The characteristics of each of the 3 periods
(1) Steady development in the 50s and 60s
There are mainly 6 farming types in Britain. They are – (1) arable farming – (2) dairy farming – (3) stock farming – (4) mixed farming – (5) hill farming – (6) market gardening
A. Background The British economy suffered a great deal from the war, but it returned to its pre-war level by the end of 1947. B. Characteristics slow but steady growth, low unemployment and great material prosperity
2. Energy Production
Traditional Coal mining New oil industry—oil production peaked in the mid-1980s, when Britain became the world’s sixth largest producer.
4. Service Industry
Financial systems—London( the bank of England) Dealings in commodities and insurance industries
Lloyd’s Building
Tourism
• • • • •
5. Foreign Trade Banking Insurance Stock brokerage Consulting and computer programming