非谓语动词的用法
非谓语动词的用法总结
非谓语动词的用法总结非谓语动词是汉语中一种特殊的动词形式,它不具备人称和数的特征,并不直接表达动作的主体,而是依附于其他句子成分,用来修饰名词、动词、形容词或整个句子。
非谓语动词包括了不定式、动名词和分词三种形式。
今天我们就来总结一下它们的用法。
一、不定式(infinitive)是一种基本的非谓语动词形式,它的形态是“to + 动词原形”。
不定式可以作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语等。
例如:1. 作主语:To learn a new language is never too late.学一门新语言永远都不会太晚。
2. 作宾语:I want to visit Paris in the spring.我想在春天去巴黎旅游。
3. 作定语:The best way to improve your English is to practice every day.提高英语的最好方法就是每天练习。
4. 作表语:His dream is to become a famous musician.他的梦想是成为一名著名的音乐家。
5. 作同位语:Her wish is for everyone to be happy.她的愿望是每个人都快乐。
二、动名词(gerund)是名词化的动词,它的形态是动词的现在分词形式(V-ing),可以作主语、宾语、定语、表语等。
例如:1. 作主语:Swimming is good for your health.游泳对身体健康有好处。
2. 作宾语:He enjoys playing basketball in his free time.他喜欢在空闲时间打篮球。
3. 作定语:I have a meeting with my boss this afternoon.我今天下午有个与老板的会议。
4. 作表语:Her favorite activity is dancing.她最喜欢的活动是跳舞。
非谓语动词的用法总结
非谓语动词的用法总结动词不定式(一) 时态1. 一般式动词不定式的一般式表示与谓语动词同时或之后的行为。
如: I want to have a restI plan to attend the meeting 2. 完成式不定式的完成式表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前的行为。
如:I ’m sorry to have kept you waiting. 3进展式不定式的动作假如同谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生那么使用不定式的进展式。
如: They seemed to be talking about something important. 4. 完成进展式不定式的完成进展式表示在谓语动词之前已经发生,并且一直进展着的动作。
如: He is said to have been working in that factory for twelve years. 〔二〕动词不定式用法:1. 作主语To master English gives us much help in the study of science 2. 作宾语I want to leave here soon. He pretended to be a doctor. 3. 作表语The most important thing is to study hard. 4. 作宾语补足语不定式作定语必须放在被修饰的名词或代词的后面。
I have no time to talk with her. 6. 作状语不定式作状语时可以表示目的、原因、结果或条件。
I came here to learn from you ( 目的) I ’m very glad to heard the news。
〔原因〕 He is old enough to go to school.(结果) To look at him ,you can’t help laughing.Notes:7. 不定式的复合构造。
非谓语动词用法总结
非谓语动词用法总结非谓语动词是指动词的非谓语形式,一般包括动词不定式、动名词和分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)。
非谓语动词有着特定的用法和功能,能够在句子中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语等成分。
下面将对非谓语动词的用法做一个总结。
一、动词不定式(to + 动词原形)1. 作主语:To learn is important for everyone.学习对每个人来说都很重要。
2. 作宾语:I want to go shopping.我想去购物。
3. 作表语:His dream is to become a doctor.他的梦想是成为一名医生。
4. 作定语:The best way to learn English is to practice speaking.学习英语的最佳方法就是练习口语。
5. 作状语:She went to the library to borrow some books.她去图书馆借些书。
二、动名词(Ving形式)1. 作主语:Swimming is good for health.游泳对健康有好处。
2. 作宾语:I enjoy reading novels in my free time.我喜欢在空闲时间读小说。
3. 作表语:Her favorite hobby is drawing.她最喜欢的爱好是画画。
4. 作定语:I saw a man reading a newspaper in the park.我看到一个在公园里读报纸的人。
5. 作状语:She improved her English by practicing every day.她通过每天练习提高了她的英语。
三、分词(普通形式:Ving形式或者过去分词形式)1. 作定语:The smiling girl is my sister.那个笑着的女孩是我的妹妹。
2. 作补语:I saw him running in the race.我看到他在比赛中奔跑。
非谓语动词形式的用法
非谓语动词形式的用法
1. 哎呀呀,非谓语动词做主语的时候超有趣呀!就像“Swimming is my favorite sport”,“swimming”不就是非谓语动词嘛,在这里充当主语呢,是不是很神奇?
2. 嘿,非谓语动词做宾语也很常见呢!像“I enjoy reading books”中的“reading”就是非谓语动词做宾语呀,真的超实用呢!
3. 哇塞,非谓语动词作定语也很妙啊!比如说“The building being built now will be a supermarket”,“being built”不就是在给那个建筑做定语嘛,多形象呀。
4. 天呐,非谓语动词作状语的时候也很厉害哟!“Seeing the picture, he couldn't help laughing”,“seeing”就完美地体现了动作的同时性呢,佩服佩服!
5. 咦,非谓语动词作补语也超有意思呀!“I heard him singing in the next room”,“singing”在这里就是补充说明他的状态呀,好直观!
6. 哇哦,非谓语动词的不同形式用法可不一样呢!像“To see is to believe”和“Seeing is believing”,这其中的差异可别小瞧呀!
7. 哈哈,掌握好了非谓语动词形式的用法,英语真的会变得更简单更有趣呀!总之呢,大家要多多练习哦。
我的观点很明确呀,非谓语动词形式的用法真的超级重要,值得我们好好钻研!。
非谓语动词用法总结
非谓语动词用法总结非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。
为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义,我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。
接下来,小编给大家准备了非谓语动词用法总结,欢迎大家参考与借鉴。
非谓语动词用法总结1.不定式和动名词作主语的区别(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作。
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.这里禁止抽烟。
(抽象)It is not very good for you to smoke so much.你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。
(具体)(2)动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。
Climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。
(经验)Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。
(经验)(3)不定式做主语,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置。
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.2.不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别(1)不定式作表语1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作。
To do two things at a time is to do neither.--次做两件事等于未做。
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。
2)如果主语是不定式(表示条件),表语也是不定式(表示结果)。
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。
To work means to earn a living.工作就是为了生活。
3)如果主语是以aim, duty, hope, idea, happiness, job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish等为中心的名词,或以what引导的名词性从句,不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。
非谓语动词的用法归纳
⾮谓语动词的⽤法归纳⾮谓语动词Non-Finite Verb I ⾮谓语的三种形式II 本章要点I⾮谓语语法点分述⼀、不定式to do1.不定式结构作主语To see is to believe.It is better to see something once than to hear about it a hundred times.a.在很多情况下,特别是在⼝语中,常采⽤先⾏it代替主语,⽽把不定式后置:It’s a great pleasure to be here.It is not an easy thing to master a language.★区分⽤法★1)直接⽤不定式做主语的句⼦显得更加正式。
2)如主语和表语都是to do,则只能采⽤第⼀种形式。
对敌⼈仁慈就是对⼈民残忍。
3)如是疑问句或感叹句,则只能采⽤第⼆种形式。
What is it like to be there?What a joy it was to read Barak’s book!b.⽤It is+形容词作表语时,由于逻辑主语不同导致的for和of的区别。
(1)for sb.句型中的形容词⼀般为表⽰事物的特征特点,表⽰客观形式的形容词,如:difficult, interesting, easy, impossible等。
.(2)of sb.句型中的形容词⼀般为表⽰性格、品德、⼼智能⼒,表⽰主观感情或态度的形容词,如:good, kind, nice, clever, foolish等。
★⼩试⾝⼿★1)To be fond of dancing was a certain step towards falling in love.2)对他来说,学两门外语是很困难的。
3)你能这么说很有礼貌。
★真题试炼★1)It’s important _____ the piano well.A. of him to playB. for him to playC. of him playingD. for him playing2)It’s wrong _____ her like that.A. of you to treatB. for you to treatC. of you treatingD. for you treating2.不定式结构作表语主语和表语都是不定式(其含义往往⼀是条件,⼀是结果),如:To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.To do that would be to cut the foot to fit the shoe.3.不定式结构作动词宾语(见表格附录)4.不定式结构作定语★⼩试⾝⼿★1)了解⼀个⼈最好的⽅法是和他/她⽣活⼀段时间.2)你有什么可以吃的东西吗?3)许多⽼⼈找不到可以安度晚年的地⽅.5.不定式结构作状语基本⽤法:不定式结构可以作状语,修饰动词、形容词、副词等表⽰⽬的、原因、结果、条件等。
(完整版)非谓语的用法总结
非谓语动词的用法总结李靖非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、分词)不是真正意义上的谓语动词,在句中都不能单独作谓语。
但都具有动词的某些特点,可以有自己的宾语或状语,构成非谓语动词短语。
不定式表目的,表将来;动名词表主动,表进行;过去分词表被动,表完成。
一.作主语( 动名词、不定式、过去分词前面加being, 动名词做主语谓语动词用单数)1)不定式、动名词都可做主语,但是动名词做主语多指抽象的概念性的动作,可以是多次的经常的行为;不定式多表示具体的动作,尤其是某一次的动作。
如:Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火危险。
(泛指玩火)To play with fire will be dangerous. 玩火会发生危险。
2)用动名词做主语的句型:It’s no use/no good/pleasure doing sth 做。
.。
.没有用处/好处/乐趣It’s a waste of time doing sth 做。
.。
浪费时间It is worth doing sth 值得做某事It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收It is worth making an appointment before you go. 去之前预约一下是值得的。
3)不定式做主语的句型.It is + adj +for sb to do sth.比较:表示人的品质时只能用of sb 如considerate/kind/nice/foolish/stupid/rude/cruel /wise/clever/brave/selfish/crazy/good/careful/careless/impolite/right/wrong等单词出现时。
It is silly of you to say so。
It is important for us to learn English well.It is a must/ a necessity for us to have a good command of the English language.4) “Wh- + to 不定式”可做主语。
非谓语动词的七种形式及其用法
非谓语动词的七种形式及其用法1. 哎呀呀,不定式可是非谓语动词的老大呢!它呀,就像一把万能钥匙,可以作主语、宾语、定语等好多好多呢!比如“To learn a foreign language is difficult but rewarding.(学一门外语很难但很有回报。
)”看到没,这里的“To learn”就是作主语哟!2. 嘿,动名词也不甘示弱呀!它常常表示习惯性的动作呢,就像每天要吃饭睡觉一样自然!像“She enjoys reading novels.(她喜欢读小说。
)”这里“reading”就是动名词作宾语,神奇吧!3. 哇塞,现在来说说分词!分词有现在分词和过去分词哦!现在分词那可是活力满满呀,像个小精灵!比如说“Seeing the beautiful scenery, I feel so happy.(看到美丽的景色,我好开心呀。
)”这里“Seeing”就是现在分词作状语呢!4. 过去分词有时候看起来有点可怜兮兮的,但作用也很大呀!像“The book bought yesterday is interesting.(昨天买的书很有趣。
)”里面的“bought”就是过去分词作定语啦!5. 独立主格结构,这个是不是听着很厉害呀!它就像是一个独立的小王国呢!比如“Time permitting, we will go for a picnic.(时间允许的话,我们将去野餐。
)”这里“Time permitting”就是独立主格结构呢!6. 还有无动词分句,虽然它没动词,但也照样能发挥大作用哟!像“When in Rome, do as the Romans do.(入乡随俗。
)”这里“When in Rome”就是无动词分句呢!总之呢,非谓语动词的这七种形式都各有各的厉害之处,大家一定要好好掌握呀!。
非谓语动词的六大用法
非谓语动词的六大用法在句中起名词、形容词或副词的作用,充当句子主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语而不能起谓语作用的动词,是动词的非谓语形式,又叫作非谓语动词。
非谓语动词有动词不定式(to do)、动词-ing形式和过去分词(done)。
一、动词不定式和动词-ing形式作主语1.不定式作主语表示具体的某次动作,特别是将来动作;动词的-ing形式作主语表示经常性、习惯性动作或已经发生的动作。
To remember these words today is our main task. 今天记住这些单词是我们的主要任务。
Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old . 散步对年轻人和老年人都是很好的运形式。
Suffering is the most powerful teacher of life.苦难是人生最伟大的老师。
Being laughed at in the public made him angry. 在公共场所被嘲笑使他很生气。
2.不定式和动词的-ing形式作主语的常用句型1) 不定式作主语的句型①It is +形容词(名词) to doIt is better to be safe than sorry. 事后追悔不如事前稳妥。
It is easy to open a shop but hard to keep it always open. 开设店铺易,维持常开难。
It is necessary to complete the design before National Day.在国庆节前完成设计是必要的。
It is very important to follow the rules.遵守规则是非常重要的。
It’s a waste of time to do that. 干那件事是浪费时间。
It is a great art to laugh at your own misfortune. 对己之不幸付之一笑,这是一门伟大的艺术。
非谓语动词非谓语形式的作用 (详细)
非谓语动词非谓语形式的作用 (详细)非谓语动词是指动词的非谓语形式,包括动词原形、动词-ing形式和动词过去分词形式。
它们在句子中作为名词、形容词或副词的用法,具有独特的作用和功能。
作为名词的用法:1. 作主语:非谓语动词作为名词的主语,常用于表示抽象概念或具体行为的句子,例如:"To learn a new language requires timeand effort."(研究一门新语言需要时间和努力。
)2. 作宾语:非谓语动词作为名词的宾语,常用于及物动词后面,例如:"He enjoys playing basketball."(他喜欢打篮球。
)作为形容词的用法:1. 修饰名词:非谓语动词作为形容词修饰名词,描述名词的性质、特征或状态,例如:"a smiling face"(一个微笑的脸)。
2. 作定语:非谓语动词作为形容词的定语,修饰名词,用于限定或修饰名词的用法,例如:"a book to read"(一本可读的书)。
作为副词的用法:1. 修饰动词:非谓语动词作为副词修饰动词,说明动作的方式、原因或目的,例如:"He ran to catch the bus."(他跑着去赶公交车。
)2. 修饰形容词或副词:非谓语动词作为副词修饰形容词或副词,表示程度、方式或条件,例如:"She ate quickly to finish her meal."(她吃得很快,为了赶完饭。
)除了以上的作用,非谓语动词还可以用于表示并列、条件、目的、结果、因果等复合句的结构中,增加句子的表达力和信息量。
以上是非谓语动词非谓语形式的作用的详细介绍。
通过灵活运用非谓语动词的不同形式和用法,可以丰富句子结构,增加句子的表达效果。
英语非谓语动词用法全面归纳
英语非谓语动词用法全面归纳非谓语动词的分类非谓语动词在句子中可以担任六种不同的成分,分别是主语、宾语、定语、状语、补语和表语。
下面根据它们在句子中的不同作用进行分类。
1.主语1)doing:表示抽象的、规律性的、延续性的动作,常用于被动语态中的being done。
例如:XXX.(阅读需要耐心和毅力。
)2)to do:表示具体的、一次性的、短暂性的动作,常用于被动语态中的to be done。
例如:To have a walk along the river after supper is such fun.(晚饭后沿着河边散步真是太有趣了。
)3)注意:①to do经常用it作形式主语替代逻辑主语放在句首,而真正的逻辑主语放在句末。
一般形式有:a。
it’s + adj + to do sth;b。
it + vt + o(宾语) + to do sth。
例如:It’s important to have a good eyesight。
as it’s known to us.(拥有良好的视力很重要,这是我们所知道的。
)It took me 3 days to finish the task.(我用了三天时间完成了这个任务。
)②it作形式主语替代doing的几个结构,如:it’s nouse/useless,it’s a waste of time,it’s no good等。
例如:It’XXX.(覆水难收。
)③范例:1)To the sun for too long contributes to the harm to the skin.A。
Being exposedB。
ExposedXXXD。
XXX解析:选A。
有可能误选B,因为可能误认为句子缺少状语,但实际上这个短语作为状语的话,句子就没有主语了。
正确的判断方法是划分句子的主谓宾。
2)动名词的复合结构:one’s doing/being done。
非谓语动词用法归纳(语法)
非谓语动词用法归纳(语法)大家好,今天我们来聊聊非谓语动词的用法。
非谓语动词就是不直接跟在主语后面的动词,它们可以表示动作的状态、时间、原因、目的等等。
那么,非谓语动词有哪些用法呢?我们一起来看看吧!1. 动词不定式动词不定式是最常见的非谓语动词形式,它由“to”加上动词原形构成。
例如:I want to go home.(我想回家。
)She likes to read books.(她喜欢读书。
)They need to finish their homework.(他们需要完成作业。
)2. 动名词动名词是由动词加上“-ing”构成的名词,它可以表示动作的状态或者作为主语、宾语等。
例如:Swimming is my favorite sport.(游泳是我最喜欢的运动。
)I enjoy reading books in my spare time.(我喜欢在业余时间看书。
)He suggested having a picnic in the park.(他建议在公园里野餐。
)3. 过去分词过去分词是由动词加上“-ed”构成的形容词,它可以表示动作的完成或者作为定语、状语等。
例如:The movie was interesting.(这部电影很有趣。
)He has finished his work.(他已经完成了工作。
)The broken vase should be thrown away.(那个打破的花瓶应该扔掉。
)4. 现在分词现在分词是由动词加上“-ing”构成的形容词,它可以表示动作正在进行或者作为定语、状语等。
例如:Walking in the park is good for your health.(在公园里散步对身体有好处。
)She is studying English at the moment.(她现在正在学英语。
)The running water sounds very soothing.(流水声听起来很舒缓。
非谓语动词的用法总结
非谓语动词的用法总结非谓语动词是指不具备人称、数和时态等语法特征的动词形式,主要包括动词不定式(to do)、动名词(doing)和分词(done)。
在英语语法中,非谓语动词常常用于多种不同的结构中,具有独特的功能和用法。
本文将对非谓语动词的用法进行总结,并提供相关例句来加深理解。
一、动词不定式动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式,一般由to + 动词原形构成。
动词不定式可以作为名词、形容词或副词的补语,也可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语和宾补等。
以下是动词不定式的几种主要用法:1. 作主语To swim is my favorite activity.2. 作宾语She wants to eat dinner at home.3. 作表语Her dream is to become a doctor.4. 作定语I have a book to read this weekend.5. 作状语He went to the park to play basketball.6. 作宾补We need you to clean the room.二、动名词动名词是非谓语动词的一种形式,一般由动词的现在分词形式(-ing)构成。
动名词可以作为名词的主语、宾语、定语、表语和宾补等。
以下是动名词的几种主要用法:1. 作主语Swimming is good exercise.2. 作宾语I enjoy reading books.3. 作定语We had a thrilling roller coaster ride.4. 作表语His favorite activity is dancing.5. 作宾补She kept the secret by not telling anyone.三、分词分词是非谓语动词的一种形式,一般由动词的过去分词形式(-ed 或不规则形式)或现在分词形式(-ing)构成。
分词可以作为形容词的定语,修饰名词或代词。
非谓语动词的种类和用法
非谓语动词的种类和用法非谓语动词是指不具有格、数和时态等语法特征的动词形式,可作主语、宾语、定语、状语等成分。
非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词形式。
它们在句子中起到各种不同的作用和修饰作用。
下面将具体介绍非谓语动词的种类和用法。
一、动词不定式动词不定式由动词原形加上“to”构成,常常用作动词的宾语、主语、宾语补足语、状语等。
1. 作为动词的宾语:I want to go to the movie tonight.(我想今晚去看电影。
)He promised to help us with the project.(他答应帮我们做这个项目。
)2. 作为动词的主语:To learn a new language takes time and effort.(学习一门新语言需要时间和努力。
)To have a healthy lifestyle is important.(拥有健康的生活方式非常重要。
)3. 作为动词的宾语补足语:I found it difficult to understand his explanation.(我发现很难理解他的解释。
)They consider him to be the best candidate for the job.(他们认为他是这个职位的最佳候选人。
)4. 作为动词的状语:She went to the supermarket to buy some groceries.(她去超市买了些杂货。
)We need to study hard to pass the exam.(我们需要努力学习才能通过考试。
)二、动名词动名词一般由动词的-ing 形式构成,可作主语、宾语、定语、宾语补足语、状语等。
1. 作为动词的主语:Swimming is my favorite sport.(游泳是我最喜欢的运动。
)Reading books can broaden our horizons.(阅读书籍能够拓宽我们的视野。
非谓语动词的定义及用法
非谓语动词的定义及用法在英语语法的广阔天地中,非谓语动词宛如一颗璀璨的明珠,闪耀着独特的光芒。
它既是语法学习的重点,也是不少学习者面临的难点。
那么,究竟什么是非谓语动词?它又有着怎样的用法呢?非谓语动词,简单来说,就是在句子中不能充当谓语的动词形式。
英语中的动词,除了在句子中作谓语之外,还可以有其他的形式和功能,这些形式就被称为非谓语动词。
非谓语动词主要包括三种形式:动词不定式(to do)、动名词(doing)和分词(现在分词 doing 和过去分词 done)。
先来说说动词不定式。
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,在句子中可以作主语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语等成分。
比如,“To learn English well is not easy”(学好英语不容易。
)在这个句子中,“To learn English well”作的就是主语。
再比如,“I want to go shopping”(我想去购物。
)这里的“to go shopping”作的是宾语。
动名词呢,它具有名词的特征,在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语等成分。
“Swimming is my favorite sport”(游泳是我最喜欢的运动。
)在这个句子中,“Swimming”就是作主语。
“I enjoy reading books”(我喜欢读书。
)这里的“reading books”作的是宾语。
接下来是分词。
现在分词具有形容词和副词的特征,过去分词也具有形容词和副词的特征,但它们的意义和用法有所不同。
现在分词通常表示主动和进行的意义,过去分词通常表示被动和完成的意义。
现在分词在句子中可以作定语、状语、宾语补足语等成分。
例如,“The smiling girl is my sister”(那个微笑的女孩是我妹妹。
)“Smiling”作定语,修饰“girl”。
“He sat there, reading a book”(他坐在那里,读着一本书。
非谓语动词的用法详解
非谓语动词非谓语动词有3种:不定式,动名词和分词。
不定式不定式由“to do”构成,其否定式“not to do”。
不定式可带宾语或状语构成不定式短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有语态的变化,不定式可作主,宾,定,状,补,表,不能单独作谓语。
一. 不定式的用法1 作主语To see is to believe.It is right to give up smoking.2 作表语My job is to teach English.3 作宾语He wanted to go.I find it hard to work with him.常见用不定式作宾语的动词:want, wish, like, decide, help, ask, agree, afford, arrange, care, determine, fail, guarantee, hesitate, hope, hurry, manage, offer, pretend, promise, seek, prepare, refuse, swear, expec t, plan, would like, make up one’s mind, be determined4 作补语He asked me to open the door.常见用不定式作宾补的动词:advise, allow, permit, forbid, ask, beg, encourage, expect, force, get, invite, like, order, peruade, prefer, require, teach, tell, want, warn, wish, considerpractice:* 在感官动词feel, hear, listen to, see, look, notice, watch, observe,和使役动词make, let, have等后的补语中,不定式不带to,但这些句子变成被动结构时,就必须带toI often hear him sing the song.He is often heard to sing the song.5 作定语He is looking for a room to live in.There’s nothing to worry about.不定式作定语的用法:6 作状语I came here to see you. (表目的) in order to / so as toWe were excited to hear the news. (表原因)He hurried to the school (only) to find nobody there.(表结果7 疑问词+不定式,在句中起名词作用,可作主,宾,表He didn’t know what to say.How to solve the problem is very important.My question is when to start.8 作插入语To tell the truth, I don’t agree with you.to be sure to be frank to sum up to begin /start withto make matters worse to be brief二不定式的时态,语态1 一般式:表示的动作与谓语动作同时或在它之后发生He pretended not to know me when I met him in the street.2 进行式:表示动作发生时,不定式动作正在发生He pretended to be reading English when I entered the classroom.3 完成式:表示动作发生在谓语动作之前He is said to have learned English in Britain for a year.A railway is said to be being built now.No harm seems to have been done.四不定式的省略为避免重复可用to来代替前面的不定式,常出现在下列动词后expect, hope, wish, mean, prefer, care, forget, want, try 或出现在be glad, be happy, would like/love后eg: I haven’t been to Hong Kong, but I wish to.--- Would you come to the party?--- I’d love to, but…如果在省略不定式中含有be, have, have been 等系动词或助动词,这些词要保留。
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● 非谓语动词的用法:•理解非谓语的概念、基本形态(doing, done, to do)及时态变化•非谓语动词做主语(it做形式主语;动名词的复合结构)•非谓语动词做表语•非谓语动词做宾语(it做形式宾语;部分动词+doing与+to do的辨析;动名词的复合结构;动词不定式做宾语时的省略)•非谓语动词做宾语补足语(动词不定式做部分动词的宾补时“to”的省略以及在被动句中“to”的还原)•非谓语动词做定语(-ing和-ed分词的辨析)•非谓语动词做状语(分词结构的逻辑主语和主句的逻辑主语一致)◇例题:1. The bell _____ the end of the class rang, _____ our heated discussion. (2001年)A. indicating, interruptingB. indicated, interruptingC. indicating, interruptedD. indicated, interrupted2. Finding her car stolen, _______. (2001年)A. a policem an was asked to helpB. the area was searched thoroughlyC. it was looked for everywhereD. she hurried to a policem an for help3. I really appreciate _____ to relax with you on this nice island. (2001年)A. to have had tim eB. having timeC. to have tim eD. to having tim e4. Fishing is his favorite hobby, and _____. (2001年)A. he’d like to collect coins as wellB. he feels like collecting coins, tooC. to collect coins is also his hobbyD. collecting coins also pleases him5. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run com panies are striving _____ their products m ore com petitive. (2002年)A. to m akeB. makingC. to have m adeD. having made6. Quite a few people used to believe that disaster ___if a mirror was broken. (2002年)A. was sure of strikingB. was sure of having struckC. was sure to be struckD. was sure to strike7. Though _____ money, his parents m anaged to send him to university. (2002年)A. lackedB. lacking ofC. lackingD. lacked in8. Don’t use words, expressions or phrases_____only to people with specific knowledge. (2002年)A. being knownB. having knownC. to be knownD. known9. _____ to sunli ght for too much tim e will do harm to one’s skin. (2002年)A. ExposedB. Having exposedC. Being exposedD. After being exposed10. The discovery of new evidence led to _____. (2003年)A. the thief having caughtB. catch the thiefC. the thief being caughtD. the thief to be caught11. Generally speaking, when _____ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. (2003年)A. takingB. takenC. to takeD. to be taken12. An army spokesm an stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered _____ clear warning before firing any shots. (2003年)A. to issueB. being issuedC. to have issuedD. to be issued13. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars _____ road conditions need _____. (2003年)A. that, to be im provedB. which, to be im provedC. where, improvingD. when, improving14. According to a recent U.S. survey, children spent up to 25 hours a week _____ TV.(2004年)A. to watchB. to watchingC. watchingD. watch15. The flu is believed _____ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat. (2004年)A. causingB. being causedC. to be causedD. be have caused16. The flowers _____ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. (2004年)A. to sm ellB. sm ellingC. sm eltD. to be sm elt17. The disc, digitally _____ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party. (2004年)A. recordedB. recordingC. to be recordedD. having recorded18. Having been attacked by terrorists, _____. (2004年)A. doctors cane to their rescueB. the tall building collapsedC. an em ergency m easure was takenD. warnings were given to tourists19. –English has large vocabulary, hasn’t it?–Yes, _____ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate. (2004年)A. KnowB. KnowingC. To knowD. Known20. He got well prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk _____ the good opportunity. (2005年)A. to loseB. losingC. to be lostD. being lost21. _____ into use in April 2000, the hotline was m eant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. (2005年)A. PutB. PuttingC. Having putD. Being put22. It was unbelievable that the fans wai ted outside the gym for three hours just _____ a look at the sports stars. (2005年)A. hadB. havingC. to haveD. have23. More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, _____ advantage of the health and relaxation benefits. (2005年)A. takingB. takenC. having takenD. being taken24. At last, we found ourselves in a pleasant park with trees providing shade and _____ down to eat our picnic lunch. (2005年)A. sittingB. having satC. to sitD. sat。