染整英语2 pretreatment
染整专业英语
专业英语（染整知识）vertical organization全能工厂（指纺织印染整理联合工厂）1）化学药品：A.、无机化学药品氢氧化钠Sodium hydroxide 烧碱caustic sode碳酸钠sodium carbonate ；硅酸钠sodium silicate三磷酸钠sodium triphosphate；磷酸三钠trisodium phosphate 硫酸铜copper sulfate 海藻酸钠sodium alginatesodium次氯酸钠hypochlorite；元明粉（硫酸钠）sodium sulphate 稀硫酸dilute sulphuric acid （硫酸vitriol）醋酸acetic acid 氨ammonia；硫/二氧化硫sulfur/sulfur dioxide氯chlorine 过氧化氢hydrogen peroxide保险粉/连二亚硫酸钠sodium dithionite/hydrosulphite/vat还原反应powder/hydros reduction reaction还原reduction 蒽醌anthraquinone有机硅树脂silicone（n）染料分散剂dye-dispersing agent染色载体dye-carrier 重铬酸盐dichromate盐水（n）brine；食盐dairy salt NaCL sodium chloride AgCL silver nitrate / slivə,nаitrei / Fe iron /áiən / Cr chromium /”krəumiəm/Ni nickel NaHCO3 bakingsoda B、有机化学药品淀粉starchC、印染助剂淀粉酶amylase 果胶酶pectase/pectinase洗涤剂detergent；乳化剂emulsifier润湿剂wetting agent 退浆剂desizing agent；阳离子型柔软剂cationic softener （浆料size/fillings、退浆desizing）抑制剂、缓染剂retarding agent 荧光增白剂optical brightener/fluorescent bleaching agent 催化剂catalyst 百里酚thymol百里酚蓝thymol blue 百里酚酞thymolphthalein螯合的、螯合物chelate 固色剂dye-fixing agent消泡剂anti-foaming agent/defoamant 金属螯合剂metal-sequestering agentPH指示剂hydrogen ion indicator 碘值iodine number/iodine value(涂料用)粘合剂adhesive（n.）bonding agent 粘合剂、接合剂binding agent软水剂water conditioner 氧化剂oxidant/oxidizing agent 润滑剂lubrieant（n）D、染料2）工艺：suture 缝线、接缝、针脚；covered seam包边缝；diawing stitch平整缝合（边与边不重叠）；singeing/gassing 烧毛；steeping in enzyme preparation 酶退浆工艺；desizing退浆；damp dry 半干，带潮；damping/dewing给湿、喷雾；end stitching坯布缝头；scouring煮练；bleaching 漂白；chemic ，chemick 漂液（次氯酸钙或次氯酸钠常溶液）；mercerizing 丝光（工艺）；mercerization 丝光（作用）；pad轧染；tenter 拉幅（V）；stentering 拉幅（工艺）；pre-shrinking（n）预缩；shrink-resistant finish 防缩整理；varnishing 涂蜡、上蜡；loaded/loading增重；napping（n）拉绒；soil-release finish易去污整理；fluorochemical含氟化合物；baking/curing（高温）焙烘；heat setting 热定型；brushed 磨毛；thermosol dyeing/pad-bake dyeing 热熔染色；texturizing finishes 织物变形（指组织）整理；calender finish 轧光整理；stiffening finish 硬挺整理；antislip finish 防滑移整理；waterproof finish 防水整理；antiseptic finish 防腐整理；bacteriostatic finish抗菌整理；moth-resistant finish 防蛀整理；anti-stain/antisoiling finish 防污整理；cold fix method （活性染料）冷固色法；pad-batch cold dyeing冷堆染色；3）染料：disperse dye 分散染料；vat dye 还原染料；reactive dye 活性染料；pigment 涂料、颜料；sulfur dye硫化染料cationic dye阳离子染料；azoic dye不溶性偶氮染料；naphthol dye纳夫妥染料；copper phthalocyanine 铜酞菁；ternary/tertiary colours 三拼色；dispersable vat dyes分散型还原染料（指超细粉型，可与分散染料同浴染色）；suspension 悬浮体（n..）；leuco-compound隐色体（n..）vinyl-sulfone reactive dyes 乙烯砜型活性染料；compatible dyes配伍性染料；luminescent dyes荧光染料；4）设备：entering arrangment进布装置；donkey stitching machine 坯布缝头机cloth feeder探边器；clothing sheet针板dosing system计量、加料系统chain-stitch 链式针迹（缝制）；singeing frame烧毛机；roller singer 圆筒烧毛机；gas singer煤气烧毛机；quench box灭火槽；boil-out 煮练；steam chamber 汽蒸室；steam cottage 蒸箱；vat、trough 槽；chassis（轧染机）轧液槽；cylinder圆筒；drying cylinder烘筒、烘缸；clamp/clip 布铗；drum 滚筒；jigger（jig）（n）卷染机；pressure dyeing machine 高压染色机；thermosol range热熔染色联合机；thermo-hotflue热风式定型机；clip（tenter frame）stenter 布铗拉幅机；chain mercerizer 布铗丝光机；chainless padless mercerizing range 直辊丝光机；circulation tank 回流槽；pin tenter frame 针板拉幅机；（slit）gas burners（狭缝）煤气火口；batching roller 卷边辊；guiding roller导布辊；spreading roller /equalizer roll扩幅辊；applicator roller 给液辊；bowed roller弯辊（弧形辊）；dance roller 张力调节辊、升降辊；slow motion 减速装置；sluice line 冲洗管路（排放路线）throttle valve 节汽（流）、减压阀；wince（winch）六角盘；worm 蜗杆、盘香管；bearing轴承；drain valve疏水阀；barometer气压计（表）ball mill球磨机；baking stove /curing machine焙烘/焙固机；cistern贮液槽；header box 高位槽；slicking-in roller 压辊；slipping clutch 摩擦离合器；sling hygrometer，sling psychrometer手旋（干湿球）湿度计；infra-red 红外线；padding mangle（padder）浸轧机（轧车）；mangling roller 轧辊；nip（轧辊的）轧点；strain roll 张力辊、松紧辊；covered rolls（包覆）橡胶辊；thermo-hygrograph温度湿度记录器；baro-thermo-hygrograph 气压-温度-湿度仪；dasher叶片式搅拌器；metering pump计量泵；calendaring machine 轧光机；oven（n）烘箱；air-supply line 进风管、进风道；centring adjustment 对中装置5）专业术语：conversion（印染术语）印染加工，转化、转化率；deferred cure/delayed-cure后焙烘、延迟焙烘；density 比重、浓度；dissolvability溶解度；double thread-up（平洗槽）回形穿布down-time停台时间size loading/size-pick-up上浆率；size mixture混合浆料；stitch-out 绗缝；emulsify 乳化（v）emulsification （n）乳化（作用）；cross section横截面slop padding浸轧（工艺）；solubillity溶解度；overfeed/superfeed 超喂（n.）crystallinity 结晶度auxiliary（n）助剂non-ioni（a）非离子的；anionic（a.）阴离子的；cation阳离子；union dyeing 混纺交织物染色；tension 张力；pleating褶裥；crease retention 褶裥保持性、折缝耐久性barium number（丝光）钡值；gloss（丝光表面）光泽；dyeing formula染色配（处）方；dye yield得色量；level dyeing匀染、均匀染色；loading port进布口；nerve 回缩性、（弹性）复原性；dye uptake吸色率、上染率；affinity for dyestuffs染料亲和力setting zone定型区；curing（n）焙烘、焙固；fiber breakage纤维断裂；steam fixation汽蒸固色；strength of a dye 染料力分；delivery seal 出布处封口；chromatic difference色差；chromatograph色谱仪、色层分离仪；chromophore发色团、生色基（染料的组成部分）；colour bodies 发色体；bleed（v.）渗色；one-bath process一浴法；two-bath process两浴法；liquor ratio 浴比、液比；liquor level 液位；water lute水（液）封；water lock（seal）水封口；tension张力；stress应力；alkali reclaim 碱液回收；hydro-extracted 脱水；specific mass 密度；spectrophotometer分光光度计；super-heated steam 过热蒸汽；reproducibility（n）重现性；drapability/draping悬垂性；capillary attraction毛细管效应；viscosity （n）粘度；humidity（n）湿度；slippage（n）经纬滑动；surface active agent/surfactant表面活性剂nondurable（a）不耐久的semidurable（a）半耐久的morphological structure 形态结构；feeding ratio补液比（开始轧槽浓度与补充液浓度之比）；formula（染整）工艺计划、工艺处方；processing parameter工艺参数；6)纤维与织物：drilling斜纹布、卡其；raw cotton 原棉；unbleached material坯布；linen 亚麻布、亚麻纱线；flax 亚麻；ramie 苎麻；cellulose 纤维素swansdown twill（crow-twill）三上一下斜纹织物tabby /plain weave 平纹union混纺（交织）织物；pectic products 果胶物pectin 果胶质Polypropylene 聚丙烯（n.）polyester 涤纶nylon/polyamide（尼龙）锦纶；rayon人棉；viscose fibre 粘胶纤维spandex/elastic/strec/lycra/urethane elastic fiber 氨纶（弹力/莱卡）；spun 短纤；mineral substances 矿物质；blends混纺纱；viscose rayor粘胶人造丝；rayon staple粘胶短纤维；tweel（n）斜纹；poplin 府绸；waling to right（left）右（左）斜纹；width in reed 筘幅；core-spun spandex 包芯氨纶丝（纱）cover type elastic yarn 包覆弹力纱；cotton stretch弹力棉织物；cotton warp linen 棉麻交织物；druid 棉帆布；duck帆布、粗布；duvetyn 起绒织物；suede cloth 仿皮织物；flannelette（n）绒布；cords 灯芯绒裤；corduroy灯芯绒；cross twill weave 破斜纹组织；cross twist S捻、顺手捻7）成品与包装tailings/end fent 短码布/头子布；batching machine/（mechanism）/（cloth rolling machine）卷布机（装置）；cloth inspecting /（or looking）machine验布机；conette小纸管；cop tube纸管；cut across（疵布）开匹、开剪cut looker 验布工；cloth press 打包机；hooker码布机；length of cut匹长；rank score评分、评级；8）测试和检验：seam fraying 接缝处的纱线滑移；count支数、号数、织物经纬密度；taper line gratings/thread counter （经纬）密度镜；tentering of weft整纬；thermotank 恒温箱；thermo tester耐升华牢度试验仪；colour dispensary 配色间、染料间；constant air conditioning/constant temperature and humidity恒温恒湿；dead match 与来样完全符合（指染色）；drawn sample抽样；off colour对不上样，色差；颜色走样；off shade 色差（尤指染色织物的边中前后色差）9）疵点（fault）：slack end/slack warp 松经（织疵）slack list 松边（织疵）slime spots浆斑slub/slugs/nubs /thickened roving粗节/纱的粗节，糙粒（疵点）；nicked yarn竹节纱（棉纱疵点）；soft sides 烂纱、断经—（thread out断、缺经）stripe横档、条子taped filling多纬taut pick 紧纬tie-back吊经/松紧条痕；tight end /（filling）吊经（纬）、紧经（纬）、急经（纬）；blotchy斑污（渍）；thin pick细纬；dragging纬斜；unever bleaching 漂白不匀；unever bottoming打底不匀；unever developing显色不匀；sloughed filling/sloughed-off weft脱纬，塌纡（织疵）；small warp ends （织物）经密不足；snow ball起球（织疵）；streaky dyeing 色柳、染色条花；dyeing defect色花（染疵）；teardrop，teariness 纬斜；torn list破边；torn selvedge拉破边（整理疵）；crease mark （前处理绳状产生的）折痕；listing 边色深浅；tailing（n）/ending头尾色差/前后色差；streakiness（n）条痕、条花；levelness（n）匀染性；two-sidedness（n）阴阳面；burl mark修补痕（织疵）；cracked dent筘路、筘痕；chalkiness失光，光泽黯淡发白（印染疵点）cobbing （染疵）织物回修；cockle，cockel（织物）不均匀皱纹；drain mark水渍、水印（印疵）；flyings飞花、飞毛；heterogeneous yarn异形纤；irregularity of singeing烧毛不匀；nep棉结、白星、麻粒、麻结；2004年11月6日。
pretreatment翻译
pretreatment翻译pretreatment的翻译是：预处理。
用法：pretreatment是一个名词，用于描述对某物进行预先处理的过程。
在科学、工业和医学领域，pretreatment常用于指代在实验、生产或治疗之前对样品、原料或病情进行预先处理的步骤。
预处理的目的可以是去除杂质、减少干扰、改善反应效果、提高效率等。
例句：1. The pretreatment of the soil sample involves removing debris and contaminants.土壤样品的预处理包括清除杂物和污染物。
2. For this experiment, the pretreatment of the testtubes includes sterilization and rinsing.在这个实验中，试管的预处理包括消毒和冲洗。
3. The pretreatment of the wastewater before treatmentwith a chemical agent is essential for optimal results.在用化学剂处理废水之前的预处理对于获得最佳结果至关重要。
4. Pretreatment of the raw material is necessary to ensure the quality of the final product.对原料进行预处理是为了确保最终产品的质量。
5. The pretreatment of the patient's condition involves conducting diagnostic tests and assessing medical history.对患者病情的预处理包括进行诊断检查和评估病史。
6. The pretreatment of the fabric involves washing and drying to remove any impurities.对面料的预处理包括清洗和烘干以去除任何杂质。
布料印染全过程及其英语表达
布料印染全过程及其英语表达ingrey preparing坯布准备）→joining(缝头）→singeing(烧毛）→desizing(退浆）→scouring(精练）→b leaching(漂白）→mercerizing(丝光）→presetting(预定型）→dyeing(染色）/printing（印花）→aft er finishing(后整理）→inspecting(检验）→packing(包装)→delivery(交货）→beaker-test(B/T，染色打样）→drawing(描稿）→engraving(制版）（印花前的工程）印染行业颜色英语翻译增白：WHITE/SNOW WHITE特黑：BLACK/JET BLACK奶白：IVORY/ECRU/OFF WHITE/CREAM大红：RED紫红：BORDEAUX/WINE紫色：BURGUNDY/PLUM/VIOLET/PURPLE绿色：GREEN灰色：G REY玉色：OYSTER/PEACH黄色：YELLOW卡其：KAHKI雪青：LILAC古铜色：BROWN梅红：FUS CHIA墨绿：CHARCOAL豆绿：OLIVE藏青：NAVY/BLUE天蓝：SKY BLUE粉红：PINK米色：BEIG E橘黄：ORANGE驼色：CAMELred红色vermeil,ponceau朱红pink;soft red;rose bloom粉红色plum;crimson;梅红rose玫瑰红peach blossom;桃红cherry樱桃红salmon pink桔红色garnet石榴红purplish red;date red枣红色lotus red莲红色fuchsia pink浅莲红bean red豆红capsicum red辣椒红Kaoliang red高梁红poppy red芙蓉红lake;rou ge red胭脂红salmon鲑鱼红hawksbill turtle red玳瑁红cadmium orange海螺红ruby red宝石红agate red玛瑙红coral珊瑚红bronze red金红iron oxide red铁红rust red铁锈红chrome red铬红brick re d砖红reddle土红purplish red;wine red;紫红（酒红）prune;mulberry深紫红henna棕红dark red;dull re d暗红fresh red;blood red;bright red鲜红scarlet绯红silver pink米红deep red深红light red淡红墨绛红purple black暗绛红purple deep浅绛红purple light橙色orange黄色yellow深桔黄deep orange浅桔黄light orange;clear orange柠檬黄lemon yellow;lemon 玉米黄maize橄榄黄olive yellow稻草黄straw yellow芥末黄mustard杏黄broze yellow蛋黄york yellow; egg yellow藤黄rattan yellow象牙黄nude日光黄sunny yellow土黄earth yellow;yellowish brown;砂黄sand yellow金黄golden yellow;gold深黄deep yellow棕黄tan青黄bluish yellow灰黄sallow;grey yello w米黄cream嫩黄yellow cream鲜黄cadmium yellow鹅黄light yellow中黄midium yellow浅黄light yel low,pale yellow;buff淡黄primrose;jasmine绿色green豆绿pea green;bean green浅豆绿light bean green;橄榄绿olive green;olive茶绿tea green; plantation葱绿onion green;苹果绿apple green森林绿forest green苔藓绿moss green草地绿grass gre en灰湖绿agate green水晶绿crystal玉绿jade green石绿mineral green松石绿spearmint;viridis孔雀绿peacock green墨绿green black;jasper墨玉绿emerald black深绿petrol;bottle green;Chinese green 暗绿deep green青绿dark green碧绿azure green;viridity蓝绿blue green黄绿yellow green灰绿grey green;褐绿breen中绿medium green;golf green浅绿light green淡绿pale green靛青ingigo蓝色blue天蓝;蔚蓝sky blue;azure月光蓝moon blue海洋蓝ocean blue海蓝sea blue湖蓝acid blue深湖蓝vivid blue中湖蓝bright blue冰雪蓝ice-snow blue孔雀蓝peacock blue宝石蓝sapphire;jewelry blue粉末蓝powder blue藏蓝purplish blue;navy海军蓝navy blue宝蓝royal blu e墨蓝blue black紫蓝purplish blue浅紫蓝dutch blue青蓝ultramarine深灰蓝blue ashes深蓝dark blue ;deep blue鲜蓝clear blue中蓝medium blue浅蓝light blue淡蓝pale blue;baby blue紫色purple;violet紫罗兰色violet紫水晶色amethyst葡萄紫grape茄皮紫wineberry;aubergine玫瑰紫rose violet丁香紫lilac墨紫violet black绛紫dark reddish purple暗紫violet deep;dull purple乌紫raisin蓝紫royal purple鲜紫violet light深紫modena浅紫grey violet淡紫pale purple;lavender淡白紫violet ash青莲heliotrope雪青lilac黑色black炭黑carbon black;charcoal black暗黑pitch-black;pitch-dark漆黑dull black白色white象牙白ivory white牡蛎白oyster white珍珠白pearl white玉石白jade white银白silver white羊毛白wool white乳白milky white米白off-white;shell雪白snow-white灰白greyish white纯白pure white本白raw white;off white粉红白pinky white浅紫白lilac white灰色grey银灰色silver grey炭灰色charcoal grey烟灰smoky grey雾灰misty grey黑灰grey black金色gold银色silver青古铜色bronze;bronzy驼色camel;light tan米色beige;cream;gray sand卡其色khaki奶油色cream豆沙色cameo brown水晶色crystal荧光色iridescent彩虹色iris;rainbow棕色brown茶褐umber;auburn淡褐light brown咖啡cof fee琥珀色amber。
纺织染整英文文献
Pretreatment of cotton to enhance its dyeability;Part 2.Direct dyesS.M.Burkinshaw *,A.GotsopoulosSpecialty Chemical Group,Department of Colour Chemistry,The University,Leeds,LS29JT,UKReceived 9December 1998;accepted 4January 1999AbstractThree commercial cationic ®xing agents,namely Matexil FC-PN (ICI),Matexil FC-ER (ICI)and Sol®x E (Ciba),originally marketed as aftertreating agents for direct dyes,were used as pretreatments for cotton modi®cation.Pre-treated cotton was dyed with four direct dyes and the e ect of pretreatment on the colour strength as well as the wash and the light fastness of the dyeings were investigated.The dyeings were also aftertreated with the same agents used for the pretreatment,and their wash fastness properties were compared with those of the aftertreated standard dyeings.Pretreatment was found to increase the colour strength of the dyeings when dyeing had been carried out without elec-trolyte.However,when electrolyte was used,the pretreated samples exhibited generally lower colour strength than the standard dyeings.The wash fastness of the dyeings was almost una ected by pretreatment while light fastness was slightly lowered.#1999Elsevier Science Ltd.All rights reserved.Keywords:Cotton;Direct dyes;Pretreatment;Enhanced dyability;Low salt dyeing1.IntroductionThe pretreatment of cotton with cationic agents to enhance its dyeability with anionic dyes,such as direct [1],reactive [2±8]and C.I.Solubilised Sul-phur dyes [9]has attracted interest from many workers,especially in recent times.The reason behind such pretreatment is that the increased cationicity imparted to the cellulosic substrate reduces the inherent ion±ion repulsion that oper-ates between the anionic dye and negatively charged groups (e.g.COO À)in the ®bre,thus resulting in enhanced dye uptake.In addition,the enhanced cationicity of the pretreated substratecan enable dyeing to be achieved using reduced amounts of electrolyte [1,8]or in the complete absence of electrolyte [3±7].In the previous part of this paper [9],which examined the dyeability of cotton pretreated with cationic agents using C.I.Solubilised Sulphur dyes,it was found that pretreatment substantially increased the colour strength and also improved the wash fastness of the dyeings.This led to an examination of the dyeability of pretreated cotton with direct dyes,as they are one of the most pop-ular of all dye classes used on cellulosic ®bres [10,11],even though they possess generally poor wash fastness,because of their ease of application and low cost [12].The present study was mainly directed at achieving high exhaustion of direct dyes on cotton in order to minimise some oftheDyes and Pigments 42(1999)179±1950143-7208/99/$-see front matter #1999Elsevier Science Ltd.All rights reserved.PII:S0143-7208(99)00003-0*Corresponding author.Tel.:+44-(0)113-233-2930;fax:+44-(0)113-233-2947.environmental problems that the dyes pose during their application.Dyeing with the addition of a reduced amount of electrolyte or `ideally'with no electrolyte was desired.2.Experimental 2.1.Materials2.1.1.FabricScoured and bleached,¯uorescent brightener-free woven cotton (156.5g m À2)was used.2.1.2.DyesFour commercial direct dyes,namely Solophenyl Blue FGL (C.I.Direct Blue 85),Solophenyl Bor-deaux 3BL (C.I.Direct Red 83),Solophenyl Scarlet BNL (C.I.Direct Red 89)and Solophenyl Yellow ARL (C.I.Direct Yellow 106),were used.They were generously provided by Ciba-Geigy and were not puri®ed prior to use;only one of the dyes'structure is disclosed in the Colour Index (Fig.1)[13].Ciba divide their Solophenyl range of dyes into groupsIFig.1.Structure of CI Direct Red83.Fig.2.Application methods for cationic ®xing agents.(Num-bers in parenthesis refers to aftertreatmentcondition.)Fig.3.Dyeing method.180S.M.Burkinshaw,A.Gotsopoulos /Dyes and Pigments 42(1999)179±195and II[14];the four dyes were selected,arbitarily, from group I.2.1.3.Cationic®xing agentsCommercial samples of Matexil FC-PN and Matexil FC-ER were kindly supplied by ICI Surfactants;Sol®x E was kindly provided by Ciba-Geigy.All other reagents were of general purpose grade.2.2.Procedures2.2.1.PretreatmentAll pretreatment,using fabric samples(2.00g) which had been wetted out in cold tap water,wasTable1Colorimetric data for dyeings pretreated using Matexil FC-PN(C.I.Direct Blue85)Pretreatment conditions(%omf)K/S L*a*b*C*h Dyeing without saltUntreated sample 3.2849.13À4.92À21.3821.94257.04 FC-PN0.5%10min 3.9446.00À3.63À21.8922.19260.58 FC-PN1.0%10min 4.2444.65À3.28À21.5121.76261.33 FC-PN2.0%10min 4.8242.56À2.70À21.5921.76262.87 FC-PN5.0%10min 5.0741.52À2.38À21.1521.28263.58 FC-PN0.5%20min 3.8846.16À3.70À21.6521.96260.30 FC-PN1.0%20min 4.2344.62À3.03À21.7221.93262.06 FC-PN2.0%20min 4.6343.13À2.75À21.5321.70262.72 FC-PN5.0%20min 5.3240.83À2.29À21.1821.30263.83 FC-PN0.5%30min 3.8746.28À3.82À21.7422.07260.03 FC-PN1.0%30min 4.4343.97À3.05À21.7221.93262.01 FC-PN2.0%30min 4.8742.39À2.70À21.5921.76262.87 FC-PN5.0%30min 5.2141.17À2.39À21.1821.31263.56 Dyeing with salt(20g/litre)Untreated sample17.8823.410.26À18.0618.06270.82 FC-PN0.5%10min16.2624.570.10À18.2418.24270.31 FC-PN1.0%10min16.0424.460.37À17.8817.88271.19 FC-PN2.0%10min16.2424.210.68À18.0618.07272.16 FC-PN5.0%10min15.1225.310.41À18.4918.49271.27 FC-PN0.5%20min16.3324.220.50À17.9717.98271.59 FC-PN1.0%20min16.5323.940.73À17.8517.86272.34 FC-PN2.0%20min16.0224.450.50À18.0818.09271.58 FC-PN5.0%20min15.4224.880.48À18.0518.06271.52 FC-PN0.5%30min16.8624.060.10À17.8917.89270.32 FC-PN1.0%30min16.2924.170.64À17.9217.93272.05 FC-PN2.0%30min16.3524.32 2.78À20.4120.60277.76 FC-PN5.0%30min16.5924.090.45À18.0118.02271.43 FC-PN0.5%10min(5g/litre salt)14.0026.96 2.05À21.9422.04275.34 FC-PN0.5%10min(10g/litre salt)15.3325.64 2.28À21.4621.58276.06 FC-PN5.0%30min(5g/litre salt)14.1926.57 1.66À20.8420.91274.55 FC-PN5.0%30min(10g/litre salt)15.2825.32 2.69À20.9921.16277.30S.M.Burkinshaw,A.Gotsopoulos/Dyes and Pigments42(1999)179±195181carried out in sealed,stainless steel dyeing tubes of 300cm3capacity housed in a Zeltex Polycolor laboratory-scale dyeing machine,using a20:1 liquor ratio.The pretreatment methods employed to apply the cationic agents are shown in Fig.2. At the end of pretreatment,the samples were removed from the treatment bath,rinsed in tap water and allowed to dry in the open air.2.2.2.DyeingAll dyeings were carried out,using fabric which had been wetted out in cold distilled water,in the same dyeing machine that was used for the pretreat-ment,using a30:1liquor ratio.The dyeing method employed is shown in Fig.3.At the end of dyeing, the dyed sample was removed,rinsed thoroughly in cold tap water and allowed to dry in the open air.Table2Colorimetric data for dyeings pretreated using Matexil FC-PN(C.I.Direct Red83)Pretreatment conditions(%omf)K/S L*a*b*C*h Dyeing without saltUntreated sample 4.8148.3037.50À8.4238.43347.35 FC-PN0.5%10minutes 5.1546.6736.63À8.9837.71346.23 FC-PN1.0%10min 5.3946.5037.53À8.8438.56346.75 FC-PN2.0%10min 5.5345.2936.03À9.4537.25345.30 FC-PN5.0%10min 5.5644.5734.75À9.6136.05344.54 FC-PN0.5%20min 5.1047.2037.30À8.9538.36346.51 FC-PN1.0%20min 5.4845.8236.83À9.1637.95346.03 FC-PN2.0%20min 5.7144.6835.76À9.4536.99345.20 FC-PN5.0%20min 5.8743.7534.73À9.5836.03344.58 FC-PN0.5%30min 5.4046.4337.45À8.8238.47346.75 FC-PN1.0%30min 5.5245.6936.82À9.1437.94346.06 FC-PN2.0%30min 6.0344.0736.24À9.2937.41345.62 FC-PN5.0%30minutes 5.9543.5534.75À9.4836.02344.74 Dyeing with salt(20g/litre)Untreated sample16.1130.5834.30À3.2334.45354.62 FC-PN0.5%10min15.3431.0334.14À4.2434.40352.92 FC-PN1.0%10min15.0931.0333.80À4.3934.08352.60 FC-PN2.0%10min15.1130.9433.65À4.5833.96352.25 FC-PN5.0%10min14.2431.6433.76À4.9634.12351.64 FC-PN0.5%20min15.2931.2134.42À4.2334.68352.99 FC-PN1.0%20min15.0731.2534.22À4.3934.50352.69 FC-PN2.0%20min15.2130.9233.86À4.5134.16352.41 FC-PN5.0%20min14.7131.3933.90À4.9334.26351.73 FC-PN0.5%30min15.1631.3334.42À4.2434.68352.98 FC-PN1.0%30min15.3930.9434.13À4.2234.39352.95 FC-PN2.0%30min15.2130.8133.62À4.1533.88352.96 FC-PN5.0%30min14.2731.5833.68À4.9134.04351.71 FC-PN0.5%10min(5g/litre salt)12.8834.2037.51À7.7238.30348.37 FC-PN0.5%10min(10g/litre salt)13.8832.8536.64À7.2337.35348.84 FC-PN5.0%30min(5g/litre salt)11.6534.8036.14À8.7837.19346.34 FC-PN5.0%30min(10g/litre salt)13.1133.0535.66À7.8936.52347.52 182S.M.Burkinshaw,A.Gotsopoulos/Dyes and Pigments42(1999)179±1952.2.3.AftertreatmentMatexil FC-PN and Matexil FC-ER were applied at4%omf for30min using the same method employed for the pretreatment,while Sol®x E was applied at6%omf using the respec-tive method employed for the pretreatment (Fig.2).2.2.4.Colour measurementThe re¯ectance values of the dry,dyed samples were measured using a Colorgen re¯ectance spectro-photometer interfaced to a personal computer, under illuminant D65using10 standard observer with specular component excluded and UV compo-nent included,from which the corresponding K/STable3Colorimetric data for dyeings pretreated using Matexil FC-PN(C.I.Direct Red89)Pretreatment conditions(%omf)K/S L*a*b*C*h Dyeing without saltUntreated sample 3.5456.9745.4914.4947.7417.67 FC-PN0.5%10min 4.7653.2345.8216.9148.8420.26 FC-PN1.0%10min 5.1851.1943.5915.9646.4220.11 FC-PN2.0%10min 5.4750.7644.9217.0248.0420.75 FC-PN5.0%10min 5.9349.4744.6917.5748.0221.46 FC-PN0.5%20min 4.8053.1545.7117.0248.7820.42 FC-PN1.0%20min 5.3351.6645.9817.6249.2420.97 FC-PN2.0%20min 5.7350.3445.5517.8848.9321.43 FC-PN5.0%20min 5.9349.4844.6917.7248.0721.63 FC-PN0.5%30min 4.8353.1545.8216.8448.8220.18 FC-PN1.0%30min 5.1451.9445.5417.2648.7020.76 FC-PN2.0%30min 5.6550.3945.0817.7148.4321.45 FC-PN5.0%30min 6.2648.9945.1218.0948.6121.85 Dyeing with salt(20g/litre)Untreated sample15.7640.2349.6125.3355.7027.05 FC-PN0.5%10min14.4040.5247.7023.9753.3826.68 FC-PN1.0%10min14.3639.3844.9822.2050.1626.27 FC-PN2.0%10min14.4540.2047.2523.6952.8626.63 FC-PN5.0%10min13.7340.9347.7823.8953.4226.57 FC-PN0.5%20min14.0340.8747.9823.9153.6126.49 FC-PN1.0%20min14.1440.7948.3324.2154.0526.61 FC-PN2.0%20min14.1040.8148.2624.2954.0326.72 FC-PN5.0%20min14.0140.5047.5323.7553.1326.55 FC-PN0.5%30min14.7040.2547.4524.0353.1926.86 FC-PN1.0%30min14.2640.6248.0024.1553.7326.71 FC-PN2.0%30min14.3340.4647.8124.1353.5526.78 FC-PN5.0%30min14.0740.5947.6323.8153.2526.56 FC-PN0.5%10min(5g/litre salt)12.0043.1650.3220.4654.3222.13 FC-PN0.5%10min(10g/litre salt)14.1741.3450.3921.6754.8523.27 FC-PN5.0%30min(5g/litre salt)12.5041.9349.0620.0052.9822.18 FC-PN5.0%30min(10g/litre salt)13.5341.0649.0620.2553.0722.43S.M.Burkinshaw,A.Gotsopoulos/Dyes and Pigments42(1999)179±195183values and CIE L*,a*,b*,C*and h coordinates were calculated at the appropriate l max of each dye.Each fabric sample was folded twice to realisea total of four thicknesses of fabric.2.2.5.Determination of wash fastnessThe fastness of the dry,dyed samples to the ISO CO6/C2wash test was determined using the stan-dard method[15].3.Results and discussion3.1.Pretreatment with Matexil FC-PNTable1shows the colour strength values and colorimetric parameters of dyeings which had been pretreated with Matexil FC-PN and dyed using C.I.Direct Blue85,together with the correspond-ing values recorded for the untreated fabric.It isTable4Colorimetric data for dyeings pretreated using Matexil FC-PN(C.I.Direct Yellow106)Pretreatment conditions(%omf)K/S L*a*b*C*h Dyeing without saltUntreated sample 2.2582.4211.0955.9357.0278.78 FC-PN0.5%10min 3.2379.4711.5659.6360.7479.03 FC-PN1.0%10min 3.8480.2216.2965.0767.0875.95 FC-PN2.0%10minutes 4.3278.5918.2865.1867.6974.33 FC-PN5.0%10min 4.6578.0719.5565.7368.5873.44 FC-PN0.5%20min 3.1380.9514.8761.4363.2076.39 FC-PN1.0%20min 3.9080.1416.6365.3567.4375.72 FC-PN2.0%20min 4.3478.5718.3765.3367.8674.29 FC-PN5.0%20min 4.7977.7619.2866.0668.8273.73 FC-PN0.5%30min 3.3279.9216.5561.1463.3474.85 FC-PN1.0%30min 3.9679.9016.7365.2667.3775.62 FC-PN2.0%30min 4.4379.0618.5366.4769.0074.42 FC-PN5.0%30min 5.0877.8220.0567.3670.2873.42 Dyeing with salt(20g/litre)Untreated sample14.2669.3435.7479.1586.8565.70 FC-PN0.5%10min14.0467.8730.4476.1582.0168.21 FC-PN1.0%10min14.5469.5335.4579.7287.2566.03 FC-PN2.0%10min14.7469.0535.4979.1586.7465.85 FC-PN5.0%10min14.5469.6935.1579.9487.3366.26 FC-PN0.5%20min13.9169.4535.3978.7486.3365.80 FC-PN1.0%20min14.4169.8235.2680.0287.4466.22 FC-PN2.0%20min14.3969.8235.5180.0087.5366.06 FC-PN5.0%20min14.1869.7034.7879.4286.7066.35 FC-PN0.5%30min14.0969.1835.2778.4986.0565.80 FC-PN1.0%30min14.4469.4835.0279.4286.8066.21 FC-PN2.0%30min13.8870.2534.1479.8486.8366.85 FC-PN5.0%30min14.5969.3435.1079.4786.8866.17 FC-PN0.5%10min(5g/litre salt)10.9273.2129.2275.5080.9668.84 FC-PN0.5%10min(10g/litre salt)12.9571.6732.8176.5183.2566.79 FC-PN5.0%30min(5g/litre salt)11.6471.3629.5573.5379.2568.11 FC-PN5.0%30min(10g/litre salt)12.5571.6931.4474.8381.1767.21 184S.M.Burkinshaw,A.Gotsopoulos/Dyes and Pigments42(1999)179±195evident that the colour strength of the pretreated samples was enhanced when dyeing had been car-ried out in the absence of electrolyte and,also,it is apparent that the higher the concentration of the cationic agent used,the larger was this enhance-ment.However,the colour strength of pretreated samples which had been dyed in the presence of electrolyte was lower than that of the correspond-ing untreated sample;the pretreatment with5% omf Matexil FC-PN imparted the largest reduc-tion in colour strength.The observed reduction in K/S probably arose because the cationic agent formed a layer around the®bre which restrained dye adsorption.The results in Table1also implyTable5Colorimetric data for dyeings pretreated using Matexil FC-ER(C.I.Direct Blue85)Pretreatment conditions(%omf)K/S L*a*b*C*h Dyeing without saltUntreated sample 3.2849.13À4.92À21.3821.94257.04 FC-ER0.5%10min11.0528.30 4.73À20.2220.77283.17 FC-ER1.0%10min11.4427.70 4.82À19.2219.82284.08 FC-ER2.0%10min11.0028.22 4.42À19.0819.59283.04 FC-ER5.0%10min10.4129.23 3.85À19.3619.74281.25 FC-ER0.5%20min11.0328.47 4.71À20.6421.17282.85 FC-ER1.0%20min11.1028.08 4.51À19.0819.61283.30 FC-ER2.0%20min10.5628.96 3.97À19.3419.74281.60 FC-ER5.0%20min10.4929.24 3.61À19.5419.87280.47 FC-ER0.5%30min11.0628.32 4.81À20.4521.01283.24 FC-ER1.0%30min10.8828.27 4.48À18.9119.43283.33 FC-ER2.0%30min10.6028.79 4.01À19.1019.52281.86 FC-ER5.0%30min10.4629.16 3.77À19.2119.58281.10 Dyeing with salt(20g/litre)Untreated sample17.8823.410.26À18.0618.06270.82 FC-ER0.5%10min17.0221.32 4.92À13.8514.70289.56 FC-ER1.0%10min16.5421.84 4.96À14.5515.37288.82 FC-ER2.0%10min15.5922.77 4.86À15.4416.19287.47 FC-ER5.0%10min14.7023.83 4.78À16.6617.33286.01 FC-ER0.5%20min17.0521.24 5.03À13.6214.52290.27 FC-ER1.0%20min15.4522.75 5.09À15.1315.96288.59 FC-ER2.0%20min14.6123.73 4.74À16.7017.36285.85 FC-ER5.0%20min14.4423.99 4.69À16.4917.14285.88 FC-ER0.5%30min16.6421.59 4.91À14.0014.84289.33 FC-ER1.0%30min15.8522.43 5.20À14.9315.81289.20 FC-ER2.0%30min15.1223.32 4.96À16.1216.87287.10 FC-ER5.0%30min15.4123.16 4.98À16.2617.01287.03 FC-ER1.0%10min(5g/litre salt)15.6322.96 4.81À16.1816.88286.56 FC-ER1.0%10min(10g/litre salt)16.2722.20 4.91À15.2015.97287.90 FC-ER1.0%10min(15g/litre salt)16.3022.26 6.52À16.8718.09291.13S.M.Burkinshaw,A.Gotsopoulos/Dyes and Pigments42(1999)179±195185that the duration of the pretreatment had very lit-tle e ect on the results.It is evident that the pre-treated samples were of similar colour to that of the corresponding untreated dyeings.The K/S values and colorimetric parameters of the dyeings which had been pretreated with Matexil FC-PN and dyed using C.I.Direct Red 83,C.I.Direct Red89and C.I.Direct Yellow106Table6Colorimetric data for dyeings pretreated using Matexil FC-ER(C.I.Direct Red83)Pretreatment conditions(%omf)K/S L*a*b*C*h Dyeing without saltUntreated sample 4.8148.3037.50À8.4238.43347.35 FC-ER0.5%10min10.7335.5034.92À6.0835.45350.12 FC-ER1.0%10min10.4535.3333.60À7.1434.35348.00 FC-ER2.0%10min9.9835.5632.68À7.2233.47347.54 FC-ER5.0%10min9.7935.7332.39À7.5233.25346.93 FC-ER0.5%20min10.7535.2734.50À6.1435.04349.91 FC-ER1.0%20min10.5934.8633.02À6.8633.73348.26 FC-ER2.0%20min10.1035.1323.05À7.1824.14342.70 FC-ER5.0%20min10.7034.4532.09À7.4232.94346.98 FC-ER0.5%30min10.8535.1334.43À6.3335.01349.58 FC-ER1.0%30min10.6434.7532.90À6.9033.62348.16 FC-ER2.0%30min10.5134.7832.45À7.3033.26347.32 FC-ER5.0%30min10.6334.5232.18À7.2933.00347.24 Dyeing with salt(20g/litre)Untreated sample16.1130.5834.30À3.2334.45354.62 FC-ER0.5%10min16.7428.9931.77À1.4831.80357.33 FC-ER1.0%10min15.5329.9932.25À2.4032.34355.74 FC-ER2.0%10min14.7530.6632.52À2.9832.66354.76 FC-ER5.0%10min14.6830.6832.47À3.2632.63354.27 FC-ER0.5%2min16.2729.4532.16À1.7132.21356.96 FC-ER1.0%20min15.2130.3532.57À2.7432.69355.19 FC-ER2.0%20min14.6330.7432.43À3.2232.59354.33 FC-ER5.0%20min14.5330.7032.17À3.2732.34354.20 FC-ER0.5%30min16.8229.0632.00À1.5732.04357.19 FC-ER1.0%30min15.6429.8231.90À2.2031.98356.05 FC-ER2.0%30min14.4130.9132.48À3.1432.63354.48 FC-ER5.0%30min14.5330.6932.29À3.2532.45354.25 FC-ER0.5%10min(5g/litre salt)16.1829.8233.60À3.5533.79353.97 FC-ER0.5%10min(10g/litre salt)16.2029.9233.78À3.2133.93354.57 FC-ER0.5%20min(5g/litre salt)15.6330.2232.99À2.2533.07356.10 FC-ER0.5%20min(10g/litre salt)16.3829.6633.47À3.0633.61354.78 FC-ER0.5%30min(5g/litre salt)15.7930.0932.92À2.1032.99356.35 FC-ER0.5%30min(10g/litre salt)16.5329.5133.31À2.9033.44355.02 186S.M.Burkinshaw,A.Gotsopoulos/Dyes and Pigments42(1999)179±195are displayed in Tables2±4,respectively.The results obtained followed the same pattern as those obtained for C.I.Direct Blue85(Table1) and also show that pretreatment imparted no change in hue of dyeings obtained using C.I. Direct Red83,whereas the pretreated dyeings of C.I.Direct Red89were slightly yellower and those of the C.I.Direct Yellow106were slightly redder than the respective untreated dyeings.3.2.Pretreatment with Matexil FC-ERThe colour strength and colorimetric para-meters of dyeings which had been pretreated usingTable7Colorimetric data for dyeings pretreated using Matexil FC-ER(C.I.Direct Red89)Pretreatment conditions(%omf)K/S L*a*b*C*h Dyeing without saltUntreated sample 3.5456.9745.4914.4947.7417.67 FC-ER0.5%10min7.6047.4346.9920.5351.2823.60 FC-ER1.0%10min7.6047.1946.4020.4850.7223.82 FC-ER2.0%10min7.7546.4745.6719.8649.8023.50 FC-ER5.0%10min7.1347.1844.9119.3248.8923.28 FC-ER0.5%20min7.6847.2146.7120.8251.1424.02 FC-ER1.0%20min7.5346.8945.6720.0749.8923.72 FC-ER2.0%20min7.1647.2145.1019.4149.1023.29 FC-ER5.0%20min7.3247.0145.2019.5249.2323.36 FC-ER0.5%30min7.6047.4446.9720.8451.3923.93 FC-ER1.0%30min7.6046.6645.5519.7549.6523.44 FC-ER2.0%30min7.2547.1045.1519.4349.1523.28 FC-ER5.0%30min7.3147.0145.2919.4549.2923.24 Dyeing with salt(20g/litre)Untreated sample15.7640.2349.6125.3355.7027.05 FC-ER0.5%10min15.1740.2648.7625.8455.1827.92 FC-ER1.0%10min13.5941.1848.2224.3554.0226.79 FC-ER2.0%10min13.5341.1248.0024.2653.7826.81 FC-ER5.0%10min13.8540.9948.2424.3154.0226.75 FC-ER0.5%20min14.7040.7249.0925.6255.3727.56 FC-ER1.0%20min13.8640.8947.9724.4153.8226.97 FC-ER2.0%20min13.7341.1148.2824.4254.1026.83 FC-ER5.0%20min13.4841.0947.9824.1253.7026.69 FC-ER0.5%30min14.7640.4148.2525.5754.6127.92 FC-ER1.0%30min14.0140.7047.9624.5553.8827.11 FC-ER2.0%30min13.2641.2647.8724.1053.5926.72 FC-ER5.0%30min14.1340.7148.0724.7654.0727.25 FC-ER0.5%20min(5g/litre salt)13.6641.4548.9924.9854.9927.02 FC-ER0.5%20min(10g/litre salt)14.4840.4648.3522.9953.5425.43 FC-ER2.0%10min(5g/litre salt)12.6741.8948.2123.7653.7526.24 FC-ER2.0%10min(10g/litre salt)13.4941.1348.2522.3753.1824.87S.M.Burkinshaw,A.Gotsopoulos/Dyes and Pigments42(1999)179±195187Matexil FC-ER and dyed using C.I.Direct Blue 85,C.I.Direct Red83,C.I.Direct Red89and C.I. Direct Yellow106,are shown in Tables5±8, respectively.The results in Table5demonstrate that pretreat-ment enhanced considerably the colour strength of the dyeings secured in the absence of electrolyte. Pretreatment time was not an important factor and the optimum concentration for the application of Matexil FC-ER in terms of enhanced colour strength was between0.5and1%omf.However, when electrolyte was used in dyeing the K/S values of the pretreated samples were lower than that of the corresponding untreated sample;and,also,the highest concentration at which the cationic agent was used gave the lowest colour strength.TheTable8Colorimetric data for dyeings pretreated using Matexil FC-ER(C.I.Direct Yellow106)Pretreatment conditions(%omf)K/S L*a*b*C*h Dyeing without saltUntreated sample 2.2582.4211.0955.9357.0278.78 FC-ER0.5%10min 6.0075.4122.4368.0571.6571.76 FC-ER1.0%10min 5.9674.4923.4466.4270.4370.56 FC-ER2.0%10min 5.6874.2923.4064.9569.0470.19 FC-ER5.0%10min 5.6974.4523.1465.1969.1870.46 FC-ER0.5%20min 5.8074.9822.9166.5170.3570.99 FC-ER1.0%20min 5.8973.7923.5665.0469.1870.09 FC-ER2.0%20min 5.7674.6823.8565.9270.1070.11 FC-ER5.0%20min 5.6873.7122.5863.8867.7570.53 FC-ER0.5%30min 5.9273.7322.6464.9468.7770.78 FC-ER1.0%30min 6.0074.3724.2466.4570.7369.96 FC-ER2.0%30min 5.6274.9123.4365.6869.7370.37 FC-ER5.0%30min 6.0673.7622.9365.4369.3370.69 Dyeing with salt(20g/litre)Untreated sample14.2669.3435.7479.1586.8565.70 FC-ER0.5%10min16.2768.2134.3779.3886.5066.59 FC-ER1.0%10min15.8468.4334.1379.1986.2366.68 FC-ER2.0%10min14.5468.6933.5977.9884.9166.70 FC-ER5.0%10min14.3868.6833.5077.7684.6766.69 FC-ER0.5%20min15.2968.2933.4478.2985.1366.87 FC-ER1.0%20min14.5868.1332.1677.0583.4967.34 FC-ER2.0%20min14.7369.1333.8878.8885.8566.76 FC-ER5.0%20min15.1767.9832.2077.5583.9767.45 FC-ER0.5%30min16.4266.6032.5476.8683.4667.05 FC-ER1.0%30min15.2668.4733.8678.5685.5566.68 FC-ER2.0%30min14.7369.1033.9878.8185.8266.68 FC-ER5.0%30min15.5868.2333.7378.4685.4066.74 FC-ER0.5%10min(5g/litre salt)12.8270.8733.2378.7685.4867.12 FC-ER0.5%10min(10g/litre salt)14.4069.7835.4677.2685.0165.35 FC-ER5.0%30min(5g/litre salt)13.0168.0934.6974.4082.0965.00 FC-ER5.0%30min(10g/litre salt)14.7868.1432.7974.9381.7966.37 188S.M.Burkinshaw,A.Gotsopoulos/Dyes and Pigments42(1999)179±195Table9Colorimetric data for dyeings pretreated using Sol®x E(C.I.Direct Blue85)Pretreatment conditions(%omf)K/S L*a*b*C*h Dyeing without saltUntreated sample 3.2849.13À4.92À21.3821.94257.04 SOLFIX E0.5% 6.0739.47À1.28À23.2923.33266.85 SOLFIX E1.0%7.3936.06À0.23À22.4822.48269.41 SOLFIX E2.0%9.9831.02 1.69À21.5921.66274.48 SOLFIX E5.0%11.8927.97 3.30À20.5020.76279.14 Dyeing with salt(20g/litre)Untreated sample17.8823.410.26À18.0618.06270.82 SOLFIX E0.5%16.8523.48 3.79À20.0220.38280.72 SOLFIX E1.0%16.3023.89 3.70À20.0420.38280.46 SOLFIX E2.0%16.8223.18 4.33À19.5520.02282.49 SOLFIX E5.0%16.5623.22 4.63À19.2319.78283.54 SOLFIX E0.5%(5g/litre salt)14.1126.68 2.42À21.9022.03276.31 SOLFIX E0.5%(10g/litre salt)15.3625.09 3.14À21.0421.27278.49 SOLFIX E5.0%(5g/litre salt)15.0225.62 2.84À21.4521.64277.54 SOLFIX E5.0%(10g/litre salt)15.7324.46 3.60À20.3020.62280.06Table10Colorimetric data for dyeings pretreated using Sol®x E(C.I.Direct Red83)Pretreatment conditions(%omf)K/S L*a*b*C*h Dyeing without saltUntreated sample 4.8148.3037.50À8.4238.43347.35 SOLFIX E0.5%7.5341.9538.77À9.2339.85346.61 SOLFIX E1.0%8.5039.8137.92À9.1639.01346.42 SOLFIX E2.0%9.3338.0636.89À9.2038.02346.00 SOLFIX E5.0%10.5235.9835.82À8.8836.90346.08 Dyeing with salt(20g/litre)Untreated sample16.1130.5834.30À3.2334.45354.62 SOLFIX E0.5%15.6731.1135.99À6.0536.49350.46 SOLFIX E1.0%15.6731.2336.17À6.3336.72350.07 SOLFIX E2.0%15.1231.4235.84À6.5536.43349.64 SOLFIX E5.0%14.4831.9935.84À6.8236.48349.23 SOLFIX E0.5%(5g/litre salt)14.3532.1235.84À7.4036.60348.33 SOLFIX E0.5%(10g/litre salt)14.9931.6636.01À7.1736.72348.74 SOLFIX E5.0%(5g/litre salt)14.1432.4136.20À7.2636.92348.66 SOLFIX E5.0%(10g/litre salt)14.0832.2335.68À7.4136.44348.27Table11Colorimetric data for dyeings pretreated using Sol®x E(C.I.Direct Red89)Pretreatment conditions(%omf)K/S L*a*b*C*h Dyeing without saltUntreated sample 3.5456.9745.4914.4947.7417.67 SOLFIX E0.5% 6.4150.2548.0317.8151.2320.35 SOLFIX E1.0%7.2548.5648.1017.9651.3420.48 SOLFIX E2.0%9.4344.9747.0919.6751.0322.67 SOLFIX E5.0%10.5043.3446.1819.7950.2423.20 Dyeing with salt(20g/litre)Untreated sample15.7640.2349.6125.3355.7027.05 SOLFIX E0.5%14.9040.7149.7621.9454.3823.79 SOLFIX E1.0% 4.8940.5149.3821.6853.9323.70 SOLFIX E2.0%14.7440.2648.4721.7253.1124.14 SOLFIX E5.0%11.9342.2547.0420.4751.3023.52 SOLFIX E0.5%(5g/litre salt)12.9342.5450.1821.5854.6223.27 SOLFIX E0.5%(10g/litre salt)14.2441.2549.9421.8954.5323.67 SOLFIX E5.0%(5g/litre salt)13.7141.9850.4122.3355.1323.89 SOLFIX E5.0%(10g/litre salt)13.6240.6647.6020.2051.7122.99Table12Colorimetric data for dyeings pretreated using Sol®x E(C.I.Direct Yellow106)Pretreatment conditions(%omf)K/S L*a*b*C*h o Dyeing without saltUntreated sample 2.2582.4211.0955.9357.0278.78 SOLFIX E0.5% 4.6879.0218.2964.9867.5074.28 SOLFIX E1.0% 5.8277.4021.2667.0270.3172.40 SOLFIX E2.0%7.2475.3124.4567.9172.1870.20 SOLFIX E5.0%8.8273.6927.1469.0574.1968.54 Dyeing with salt(20g/litre)Untreated sample14.2669.3435.7479.1586.8565.70 SOLFIX E0.5%14.7970.0535.0676.3684.0265.34 SOLFIX E1.0%15.8669.6635.3876.6784.4465.23 SOLFIX E2.0%16.5469.0535.8276.0984.1064.79 SOLFIX E5.0%16.3469.3435.5576.1083.9964.96 SOLFIX E0.5%(5g/litre salt)12.6572.6231.3576.9083.0467.82 SOLFIX E0.5%(10g/litre salt)13.9271.3232.9276.9983.7366.85 SOLFIX E5.0%(5g/litre salt)15.3769.6533.2679.5686.2367.31 SOLFIX E5.0%(10g/litre salt)15.9869.8234.3480.6987.6966.95pretreated samples were much redder than the corresponding untreated samples.Table6clearly demonstrates the e ectiveness of pretreatment using Matexil FC-ER as far as dyeing using C.I.Direct Red83without electrolyte is concerned.However,in this case the colour strength of the untreated dyeing carried out in the presence of electrolyte could be achieved with only 5g/l NaCl following pretreatment with0.5% Matexil FC-ER.Moreover,the pretreated samples did not show any change in hue.Table7shows that pretreatment enhanced the colour strength of the dyeings that had been carried out without electrolyte using C.I.Direct Red89and that the dyed samples were slightly yellower than the corresponding untreated ones.Furthermore,it is evident that pretreatment was not e ective in the case of dyeing in the presence of electrolyte.Table8reveals the e ectiveness of Matexil FC-ER pretreatment in the case of C.I.Direct Yellow 106;colour strength was increased when dyeing was carried out in the absence of electrolyte and the pretreated samples appeared slightly redder than the corresponding untreated sample.When dyeing was carried out in the presence of NaCl the colour strength of the untreated sample could be achieved using only half the amount of electrolyte normally used.3.3.Pretreatment with Sol®x EThe results displayed in Tables9±12show the colorimetric data obtained for dyeings which had been carried out both with and without pretreat-ment with Sol®x E using each of the four direct dyes.The pretreated samples exhibited enhancedTable13Wash fastness results(ISO CO6/C2)for C.I.Direct Blue85Pretreatment conditions(%omf)Without aftertreatment Without aftertreatmentK/S Ch a C b V c Ch C V Matexil FC-PNUntreated(with salt)17.882±311±2322 FC-PN5%10min 5.072±31±223±422±3 FC-PN5%20min 5.322±322±33±42±33 FC-PN5%30min 5.212±31±22±33±422±3 Matexil FC-ERUntreated(with salt)17.882±311±23±423±4 FC-ER0.5%10min11.052±31±22±332±33±4 FC-ER0.5%20min11.032±31±22±332±33±4 FC-ER0.5%30min11.062±31±22±32±32±33±4 Sol®x EUntreated(with salt)17.882±311±244±55 SOLFIX E0.5% 6.0721±224±555 SOLFIX E1.0%7.392±311±24±555 SOLFIX E2.0%9.98311±2555 SOLFIX E5.0%11.893±411±2555a Ch,change in shade of original sample.b C,staining of cotton adjacent.c V,staining of viscose adjacent.。
纺织面料染整类英文词汇总表
纺织面料染整类英文词汇总表熨烫温度ironing temperature 氨纶spandex 灯芯绒corduroy 巴厘纱voile拔染印花discharge printing 拔染剂discharge agent 白地沾色（印花疵）tarnishing 提花jacquard 百脚（斜纹疵）mispick 斑点spot,fleck,speck 板司呢hopsack粗纺tweed 半成品semi finished products 半光（半有光或近有光）semi-gloss半精梳semi-combed,scrath combing 漂白bleach 透明的transparent 包边缝over- Locked seam 包覆纱lapping yarn 包芯纱core spun yarn 包装package 唛头Mark 剥色stripping,radical stripping 薄纱罗marquisette 花边lace 雪纺chiffon 保形整理shape retentive finish 抱合力cohesion 捻度twist 焙烘不足underbaked 本白色off white 苯benzene 比色colour matching 密度density 哔叽serge 边距border,margin 边纹图案border pattern 重平组织rib weave 缎纹组织satin weave 方平组织mat weave 斜纹twill 变色discolouration 回潮moisture regain 表面活性剂surfactant 丙纶（聚丙烯）polypropylene 并条drawing 病疵defects 波浪形的circular,ripple,waved,crinkle 菠萝组织pineapple stitch 补色complementary colour 不合规格off specification 不可燃的non-flammable 起球pilling 不燃性unflammability 不溶性偶氮染料insoluble azo dyes,azoic dyes渗透性permeability 不褪色fast color 不宜水洗的unwashable 不匀uneven,irregular 布边selvage,border 门幅width 布铗clip 丝光mercerizing 轧光clandering 质地texture 布面毛糙rough 整理treatment,finishing 断裂strip 布条strap 布结burl 布样sample,swatch 擦伤痕abrasion mark,chafe mark 擦洗scrub 裁剪废料cutting waste 剪裁刀scissors 采购purchase 彩格布（1）gingham(平纹)（2）tartan checks(平纹或斜纹) 原样original sample 缩水率shrinkage 仓库warehouse,storehouse 草酸oxalic acid 层压织物laminated fabric插图illustration 拆包机bale breaker 缠绕wrap,wind 铲车lift truck 长度length长环烘燥机hanging dryer,long loop drying machine 蒸化steamer 长棉结knot 长麻line 常规检验routine inspection 超长匹lumps 超弹性hyperelastic 超速蒸化机ultra rapid ager 超喂super feeding,over feed 超细旦superfine denier 分散染料disperse dyes 潮湿moist 衬布crinoline,lining 衬衫shirt 成对卷染机twin jig成卷机lap former,lapper 成熟棉ripe cotton 抗静电antistatic 尺寸的稳定性dimensional stability 冲淡浆reduction paste 冲洗flushing ,rinsing 虫渍insect mark 抽查spot check,examination at random 抽纱drawnwork 坯布gregie,grey 除气味deodorizing 除杂trash extraction 处方配方formulation,recipe 传色transmission,drive 传送带conveyer,belt 卷染机jigger 疵点defect,fault 绣花embroidery 手感粗糙harsh 帆布canvas 粗横梭纹织物ottoman 粗纺tweed 粗经thick end 粗节纱slubby yarn,tafted yarn 粗节（纱疵）nub,slub,bead(亚麻纱疵) 粗纬（织疵）heavy pick 牛仔demin,jeans 粗支纱coarse yarn 醋酸acetic acid 醋酸纤维actate fibre催化剂catalyst,catalytic agent 错花broken pattern 错经wrong end 错纬wrong filling 搭色（印花疵）marking off,color overlapping 打底（染色）impregnation 打浆beating 打小样机figuring machine,sample loom,pattern loom 折扣discount 大红scarlet 大路货staple goods 大麻hemp 大小尺寸size,dimension 单薄（手感）thinness 产量yield剑杆织机rapier 上浆sizing 支数counts 蛋白质protein 等级标准grade standard 甲醛formaldehyde 低消耗low consumption 涤纶polyester 混纺blend 底色background color 地毯carpet 递增progressively increase 电熨斗electric iron靛蓝indigo blue 掉色fade 叠层织物laminated fabric 叠色印花效果effect of double print 规格specification 定长成包bales containing constant length 定形整理stabilized finish 定型机modular equipment 锭子spindle 短码shortage 植绒flock短亚麻纱tow yarn 贡缎satin 断经broken warp,end out 堆布车cloth truck 对花register,pitching in 对花不准misifit of printing pattern,out of register,misregister 对染料的亲和力dye affinity 对折卷板机doubling and lapping machine 多层织物multilayer cloth,multiple fabric 多次拉伸multiple stretch 剪毛机shearing machine 股（纱）ply二浴法（T/C布染色尤其是深色）two bath process 发货deliver the goods 发泡剂foam booster,foaming agent 法兰绒flannel 起绒raising 防辐射radiation-resistant 抗菌的antiseptic 防汗渍anti-perspiration 防水的water proof 拒油整理oil repellent finish 防雨布waterproof cloth 防火整理fire resistant finish 防绉整理wrinkle resistance 仿麻织物imitation linen fabrics 仿麂皮整理suede finish 纺spin 梭子shuttle 无纺布non woven fabric 还原染料vat dyeds 蜂巢组织waffle weave 菱形组织Grecian weave 缝头sewing 府绸poplin 富春纺Fuchun rayon taffeta 干重dry weight 甘油glycerin钢筘reed 高档superior quality 高支high counts 工艺参数processing parameter 工艺流程manufacturing flow process。
染整科技英语1词汇
染整科技英语1词汇轻纺学院染整08级天然纤维(Natural Fibers) ['nætʃərəl]['faibə]fiber,fibre['faibə]纤维cotton ['kɔtən]棉花linen ['linin]亚麻布（纱线）flax [flæks]亚麻jute 黄麻hemp [hemp]大麻ramie ['ræmi]苎麻property ['prɔpəti]性质，特性cellulose ['seljuləus]纤维素pectic ['pektik]果胶的dye [dai]染料，染色dyeing ['daiiŋ]染色（工艺）apparel [ə'pærəl]服装（统称）fashion-minded['fæʃən]崇尚时代的blends [blend]混纺纱reagent [ri:'eidʒənt]试剂degradation [,deɡrə'deiʃən]降解unicellular [,ju:ni'seljulə]单细胞的multicellular[,mʌlti'seljulə]多细胞的luster,lustre['lʌstə]光泽alkali ['ælkəlai]碱fibrous ['faibrəs]含纤维的，纤维状的fleece(wool) ['fli:s][wul]套毛clip wool [klip]剪毛carcass ['kɑ:kəs]尸体keratin ['kerətin]角蛋白fluffy ['flʌfi]有绒毛的，绒毛状的beetle ['bi:tl]甲虫skein ['skein]绞纱，绞丝合成纤维（Man-Made Fibers）['mæn'meid]['faibə] viscous ['viskəs]粘性的spinneret ['spinərət]喷丝板（头）regenerated [ri'dʒenəreit, ri:-]再生的rayon ['reiɔn]人造丝degrade ['di'ɡreid]降解adhesion [əd'hi:ʒən]粘附作用tenacity [ti'næsiti, tə-]强度，韧度以上查阅人：孙海莲staple 短纤维['steipl]copper sulfate 硫酸铜['kɔpə]['sʌlfeit]ammonia 氨[ə'məunjə]triacetate fiber 三醋酯纤维[trai'æsiteit]['faibə] thermoplastic 热塑性的[,θə:məu'plæstik]drape 悬垂[dreip]satin 经缎['sætin]lingerie 女内衣['lɔnʒəri, læŋʒ'ri:]crisp 挺爽的[krisp]polyester fiber 聚酯纤维[,pɔli'estə]polyamide 聚酰胺[,pɔli'æmaid]polyacrylonitrile聚丙烯腈['pɔli,ækriləu'naitril]elasticity 弹性[,elæs'tisəti]abrasion 磨损[ə'breiʒən]dyeability 可染性[,daiə'biləti]static charge 静电荷['stætik][tʃɑ:dʒ]copolymer 共聚物[kəu'pɔlimə]acrylonitrile 丙烯腈[,ækriləu'naitrail]bulking power 膨化力[bʌlkiŋ][pauə]launder 洗涤['lɔ:ndə, 'lɑ:n-]pilling 起球['piliŋ]烧毛和退浆（Singeing and Desizing）singe 烧毛[sindʒ]desize 退浆[di:'saiz]man-introduced 人为的[,intrə'dju:s]uniform 均匀的['ju:nifɔ:m]projecting fibers 外露的茸毛[prəu'dʒektiŋ]chain-stitch 链式针迹['tʃeinstitʃ]singer 烧毛机['siŋə]in open width 平幅[widθ]quenchbox 灭火槽[kwentʃ]size 浆料[saiz]impregnate 浸渍['impreɡneit]piler 甩布器['pailə]steep bin 浸渍贮存箱[sti:p][bin]boil-out 煮练[bɔilaut]starch 淀粉[stɑ:tʃ]sulphuric acid 硫酸[sʌl'fjuərik] ['æsid]decomposition [,dikɑmpə'zɪʃən] 分解scour 煮练，精练以上查阅人：高晶晶煮练（Scouring） ['skauəriŋ]pectin 果胶质 ['pektin]severity 剧度[si'veriti]saponification 皂化 [sə,pɔnifi'keiʃən] emulsify 乳化[i'mʌlsifai]kier 煮布锅煮练 [kiə(r)]steaming 汽蒸['sti:miŋ]column （布）柱 ['kɔləm]caustic soda 烧碱['kɔ:stik] ['səudə] pine oil soap 松油皂 [pain] [səup]steeping 浸渍['sti:piŋ]trough 槽 [trɔf, trɔ:f]mangling roller 轧辊mangle['mæŋɡl]winch machine 绞盘机[wintʃ]detergent 洗涤剂[di'tə:dʒənt]liquor 溶液，液 ['likə]guiding peg 导桩['gaidiŋ][peɡ]nip （轧辊的）轧点[nip]weight loss失重漂白（Bleaching）['blitʃiŋ]coloring matter 色素 ['kʌləriŋ] ['mætə]dyestuff 染料['daistʌf]chlorine 氯 ['klɔ:ri:n]hydrogen peroxide 双氧水['haidrədʒən] [pə'rɔksaid]sodium hypochlorite 次氯酸钠['səudiəm] [,haipəu'klɔ:rait] sodium chlorite 亚氯酸钠 ['səudiəm] ['klɔ:rait] sodium triphosphate 三聚磷酸钠['səudiəm] [trai'fɔsfeit] sulfurous acid 亚硫酸['sʌlfərəs, -fjuə-] ['æsid]prewasher 预洗机saturator 浸渍器['sætʃəreitə]storage bin 积布池 ['stɔridʒ] [bin]loop 悬环[lu:p]discoloration 脱色[dis,kʌlə'reiʃən]crease mark 折痕[kri:s]opotical brightener 荧光增白剂stoving 硫熏['stəuviŋ]pad-roll method 浸轧-卷蒸法impregnator 浸轧机以上查阅人：孙秀华insulated {ˈinsjuleitid}box 隔离箱soda[ˈsəudə] ash [æʃ] 苏打灰，纯碱trisodium[traiˈsəudiəm] phosphate [ˈfɔsˈfeɪt] 磷酸三钠pale[peil] shade [ʃeid] 浅淡色泽bright [brait] shade [ʃeid] 鲜艳色泽丝光（Mercerizing）mercerizing [ˈmə:səraiz] 丝光saturate [ˈsætʃəreit] 浸渍tenter [ˈtentə] 拉幅set 定型neutralize [ˈnu:trəˈlaɪz] 使中和dry 烘干resin [ˈrezɪn] 树脂selvedge [ˈselvidʒ] 布边stretch [stretʃ] 拉伸contraction[kənˈtrækʃən] 收缩counteract[ˈkauntəˈrækt] 抵消，中和rinse [rins] 淋洗compactness [kəmˈpæktnɪs] 紧密度cross section 横截面gloss [glɔ:s, glɔs] 光泽sheen [ʃi:n] 光泽，光彩twist [twist] 扭曲，加捻tension [ˈtenʃən] 张力crystallinary [ˈkristəlɪnəri] 结晶度station [ˈsteiʃən] 应力slack[slæk] 松弛的shrink [ʃriŋk] 收缩widthwise [ˈwɪdθˈwaɪz] 纬向evaporate [iˈvæpəreit] 蒸发，汽化claim [kleim] 声称，主张soil pick-up 吸污，沾污crease [kri:s] resistance [riˈzistəns] 抗（防）皱性热定形（Heat Setting）heat-sensitive 热敏性的re-orientation 英音：[,ɔ:rien'teiʃən]美音：[,orɪɛn'teʃən] 再取向crystalline 英音：['kristəlain]美音：['krɪst!,aɪn] 结晶的pleating 褶裥以上查阅人：王佳resiliency [ri'ziliənsi]弹回性能embossing [im'bɔsiŋ]轧花，压花uniformity [.ju:ni'fɔ:miti]均匀性fixation [fik'seiʃən]固色unvarying [ʌn'vɛəriiŋ]不变的，恒久的dye uptake[dai] ['ʌpteik]吸色率，上染率Thermosol dyeing ['θə:məsɔl]热熔染色cylinder['silində]圆筒drum [drʌm]滚筒over feed ['əuvə][fi:d]超喂clamp [klæmp]布夹knitgoods['nitgudz]针织物perforate ['pə:fəreit]穿孔suction ['sʌkʃən]吸，吸力to a certain extent ['sə:tn] [iks'tent]一定程度上染色概述（A Brief Description of Dyeing）[bri:f][di'skripʃən] fastness ['fæstnis]坚牢度retard [ri'tɑ:d]抑制long bath[lɔŋ][bɑ:θ]大浴比short bath[ʃɔ:t][bɑ:θ]小浴比assistant [ə'sistənt]助剂coal-tar [kəul-tɑ:]煤焦油indigo ['indigəu]靛蓝alizarin [ə'lɪzərɪn]茜素derivative [di'rivətiv]衍生物salting-out agent ['sɔ:ltiŋ-aut]['eidʒənt]盐析剂染料分类（Classification of Dyes）[.klæsifi'keiʃən] [ɔv] [dais] substantive (direct)dye ['sʌbstəntiv]（[di'rekt]）[dai]直接染料azoic dye [ə'zoɪk][dai]不溶性偶氮染料，冰染料naphtholdye ['næfθəul][dai]纳夫妥染料，萘酚染料acid dye ['æsid][dai]酸性染料mordant dye ['mɔ:dənt][dai]媒染染料metallized (premetallized ) dye ['metlaizd] [dai]金属络合染料cationic dye ['kætaiənik] [dai]阳离子染料basis dye ['beisis] [dai]碱性染料disperse dye [dis'pə:s] [dai]分散染料vat dye [væt] [dai]还原染料sulfur dye ['sʌlfə] [dai]硫化染料以上查阅人：李婧reactive dye ri:ˈæktɪvdaɪ活性染料pigment [ˈpɪgmənt]涂料，颜料binding agentˈbaɪndɪŋˈeidʒənt粘合剂diazotize daiˈæzətaiz]重氮化polypropylene ˈpɔliˈprəupili:n聚丙烯solvent ˈsɔlvənt溶剂formic acid ˈfɔ:mikˈæsid甲酸，蚁酸fugitive ˈfju:dʒitiv易褪色的perspiration ˈpɜ:spəˈreɪʃən汗渍chromium ˈkrəʊmi:əm铬nickel ˈnikəl镍anthraquinoneˈænθrəkwiˈnəun蒽醌suspension səˈspenʃən悬浮体leucoˈlju:kəu隐色体cobaltous laminate kəuˈbɔ:ltəsˈlæməˈneɪt铝酸钴phthalocyan酞菁染料dioxazine 二恶嗪triarylmethane 三芳基甲烷adhesive ədˈhi:si v粘合剂，胶粘剂develop 显色bleed 渗色cobalt ˈkoˈbɔlt钴tannic acid [ˈtænɪkˈæsid单宁酸，鞣酸colloidal kəˈlɔidl胶态的sulfonate ˈsʌlfəˈneit使磺化spectrum ˈspektrəm光谱acetic acid əˈsi:tik[ˈæsid醋酸olefinˈəuləfin烯属烃染色理论（Principles of Dyeing）exhaustion ɪgˈzɔ:stʃən尽染，上染率sparingly [ˈspeərɪŋlɪ少量地，贫乏地auxiliary ɔ:ɡˈziljər i助剂non-ionic nuŋaiˈɔnik非离子的sodium hydrosulphiteˈsəʊdi:əmˌhaidrəuˈsʌlfait保险粉，连二亚硫酸钠leuco compound [ˈlju:kəu[ˈkɔmpaund]隐色体soaping [ˈsəupiŋ皂洗aniline black ˈænili:n苯胺黑，阿尼林黑turkey red oil 土耳其红油behave表现为（某种性状）以上查阅人：闵惠染色方法（Methods of Dyeing）stock dyeing [stɔk]['daiiŋ]原料染色top dyeing [tɔp]毛条染色sliver ['slivə]条子，纱条package dyeing ['pækidʒ]卷装染色solution (dope )dyeing [sə'lju:ʃən][dəup]纺前染色warp [wɔ:p]经纱beam [bi:m]经轴，经轴plaid [plæd]格子花纹，方格布check [tʃek]格纹stripe [straip]条纹muted color ['mju:tid]晕色iridescent [,iri'desənt, 'aiəri-]闪光的space dyeing [speis]间隔染色piece dyeing [pi:s]匹染solid-color fabric ['sɔlid]['fæbrik]单（素色织物）obsolete ['ɔbsəli:t, ,ɔbsə'li:t]过时的，老式的cross dyeing [krɔ:s]交染tweel[twi:l]斜纹generic [dʒi'nerik]类属的polychromatic dyeing [,pɔlikrəu'mætik]多色染色flow-form method [fləu] [fɔ:m]['meθəd]流水法dye-weave method [wi:v]染织法product dyeing ['prɔdəkt, -ʌkt]成品染色paddle dyeing ['pædl]桨叶式染色couture dress [ku:'tjuə][dres]妇女时装luxury bedspreads ['lʌkʃəri, 'lʌɡʒəri]华贵床单染色机械和织物染色（Dyeing Machinery and Fabric Dyeing）batchwise dyeing system ['sistəm]间歇（分批）染色装置jigger(jig) ['dʒiɡə]卷染机beam machine 经轴染色机semi-continuous system [kən'tinjuəs]半连续装置paddingmangle (padder) ['mæŋɡl]浸轧机molten metal dyeing machine ['məultən] ['metəl]熔态金属染色机thermosol range ['θə:məusɔl] [reindʒ]热溶染色联合机pressure dyeing machine ['preʃə]高压染色机milling ['miliŋ]缩绒batching roller ['bætʃiŋ]['rəulə]卷布辊draw roller [drɔ:]导布辊，导布罗拉side guiding roller 侧边导布辊clockwise ['klɔkwaiz]顺时针的backward and forward ['bækwəd]逆时针的extract [ik'strækt, 'ekstrækt]炸出hooded winch dyeing machine ['hudid][wintʃ]加罩绞盘染色机infra-red ['inflə]红外线exchangeable reaction [iks'tʃeindʒəbl][ri'ækʃən, ri:-]可交换反应的radiator ['reidieitə]辐射器tailing ['teiliŋ]头尾色差listing ['listiŋ]边色深浅yardage ['jɑ:didʒ]尺码streakiness ['stri:kinis]条痕，条花two-sideness['stri:kinis]阴阳面reproducibility [riprə,dju:sə'biliti]重现性以上查阅人：张坤。
纺织专业英语词汇大全
纺织专业英语词汇大全纺织工业是一门涉及纺织技术、纺织材料和纺织品设计的专业。
在这个行业中，纺织专业英语词汇是非常重要的，因为它涉及到生产过程、材料以及产品质量等方面。
在本文中，将为您提供一个纺织专业英语词汇大全，以帮助您更好地了解和使用相关术语。
纺织工艺•Spinning（纺纱）•Weaving（织造）•Knitting（针织）•Dyeing（染色）•Printing（印花）•Finishing（整理）•Warp（经纱）•Weft（纬纱）•Loom（织布机）•Warp beam（经轴）•Heddle（综）•Shed（隔膜）•Shuttle（梭子）•Jacquard（提花）•Knitting needle（针织针）•Dye vat（染缸）•Steam setting（蒸汽定型）•Calendering（压光）•Mercerizing（丝光处理）纺织材料•Fiber（纤维）•Natural fiber（天然纤维）•Synthetic fiber（合成纤维）•Cotton（棉）•Wool（羊毛）•Silk（丝）•Linen（亚麻）•Rayon（人造丝）•Polyester（聚酯纤维）•Nylon（尼龙）•Acrylic（腈纶）•Spandex（氨纶）•Filament（长丝）•Staple fiber（短纤维）•Blend（混纺）纺织品类型•Fabric（织物）•Textile（纺织品）•Woven fabric（机织物）•Knitted fabric（针织物）•Nonwoven fabric（非织造物）•Garment（成衣）•Apparel（服装）•Costume（服饰）•Textile product（纺织制品）•Home textile（家纺）•Upholstery fabric（装饰织物）•Technical textile（技术纺织品）•Yarn（纱线）纺织品加工与质量控制•Textile processing（纺织品加工）•Quality control（质量控制）•Dimensional stability（尺寸稳定性）•Colorfastness（色牢度）•Shrinkage（收缩）•Pilling（起球）•Crease resistance（抗皱）•Tear strength（撕裂强度）•Tensile strength（拉伸强度）•Abrasion resistance（耐磨性）•Water repellent（防水）•Stn resistant（防污）纺织行业相关机构与标准•International Textile Manufacturers Federation（国际纺织制造商联合会）•American Society for Testing and Materials（美国材料试验协会）•ISO9001（国际质量管理标准）•Oeko-Tex Standard 100（环保标准）•Textile Exchange（纺织品交流协会）以上是一部分纺织专业英语词汇的介绍。
染整概论8
红 橙 黄 紫
黑灰
绿
蓝
拼色subtractive mixing
原色
电脑测色
照体D65 光源 A光源 等色 F光源 冷白荧光
纯棉织物染色所用染料
直接染料 活性染料 还原染料 硫化染料 靛蓝染料 不溶性偶氮染料
直接染料染色
直接染料： 溶于水，不需媒染剂，直接上染纤维素纤维或蛋白质纤维。优点：应 用方便、色谱品种全、成本低、用途广。 缺点：耐洗牢度不高，固色处理，日晒牢度 有些也差。
直接染料染色
直接染料分类：
匀染性直接染料 分子小，移染、水洗牢度差。 盐效应染料 分子复杂，上染慢，加盐促染剂。 温度效应染料 分子复杂，上染慢，温度促染， 电荷பைடு நூலகம்，盐促染不明显。
匀染性直接染料
盐效应染料
温度效应染料
根据直接染料对温度、上染率及食盐效应的不同，大致可以分为三类：
（1）匀染性直接染料 这类染料分子结构比较简单，上染速率高，匀染性能好，染色方便， 但牢度较差。约在70-80℃就可染色。 例如 直接 嫩黄5G， 直接 冻黄G、 直接 蓝G。
什么叫染料力份？
染料名称中有百分数，代表力份。 是与染料标准品比较得出来的相对数
代表在相同染色条件下染色，若染得色泽深度与标准品相同时所需染料 量为标准品染料量得比数关系，如只需0.5标准量，则该染料力份为 200％，如只需0.33倍标准量， 则该染料力份为300％。
染色牢度
是指染色产品在使用过程中或染色以后的加工过程中，在各 种外界因素的作用下，能保持其原色泽不变的能力。 染色牢度很重要，是衡量染色质量指标。 染色牢度种类很多，依据使用环境和后续工艺要求不同种类 的染色牢度，还没有能符合所有种类要求的染色牢度。 染 色 牢 度 耐晒牢度、耐气候牢度、耐洗牢度 耐汗渍牢度、耐摩擦牢度、耐升华牢度 耐熨烫牢度、耐漂牢度、 耐酸牢度、耐碱牢度
染整相关术语中英文对照
染整相关术语中英文对照助剂类softening and antistatic agents柔软及抗静电剂water and oil-repellent agents防水防油整理剂insect-resist agents防虫剂thickeners增稠剂crosslinking agents交联剂emulsifiers乳化剂染料类direct dyestuffs直接染料reactive dyeings活性染料disperse dyestuffs分散染料设备类quickwash shrinkage tester快速洗水缩水试验机washing fastness tester水洗牢度机martindate aorasion tester耐磨损测试机standard light both标准光源箱universal strength tester万能强力测试机light fastness tester日晒牢度仪non-standard equipments非标设备ironing machine烫平机series three-legged centrifuger三足式系列离心机displacement heat exchanger容积式换热器reactor反应锅hank drier绞纱烘燥机bulk-fibre drier散毛烘燥机liquid-flow hank dyeing machine液流式绞纱染色机normal temperature oscillating dyeing machine常温振荡试样机sparging（jet)dyeing machine喷射式染色机high-temperature/high-pressure dyeing machine高温高压染色机program-controlled dyeing machine程控染色机high temperature overflow dyeing machine高温溢流染色机high temperature and high pressure yarn dyeing machine高温高压染纱机atmospheric overflow dyeing machine常温溢流染色机high temperature sample dyeing machine高温样品染色机stainless steal drying tumbler不锈钢烘筒烘燥机rope impregnating mangle绳状浸染机整理类resin finishing树脂starch finishing上浆现象类slightly reddish cast轻泛红现象electrolyte电解后整理摩擦轧光整理：friction finish轧光整理：calender finish起绒整理：fleece finish阻燃整理：flame retardant finish柔软整理：mellow finish落针，停经片：drop wireSCY：(single covered yarn)单包覆纱以一条硬纱缠绕于弹性纱外层。
染整相关术语中英文对照
染整相关术语中英文对照助剂类softening and antistatic agents柔软及抗静电剂water and oil-repellent agents防水防油整理剂insect-resist agents防虫剂thickeners增稠剂crosslinking agents交联剂emulsifiers乳化剂染料类direct dyestuffs直接染料reactive dyeings活性染料disperse dyestuffs分散染料设备类quickwash shrinkage tester快速洗水缩水试验机washing fastness tester水洗牢度机martindate aorasion tester耐磨损测试机standard light both标准光源箱universal strength tester万能强力测试机light fastness tester日晒牢度仪non-standard equipments非标设备ironing machine烫平机series three-legged centrifuger三足式系列离心机displacement heat exchanger容积式换热器reactor反应锅hank drier绞纱烘燥机bulk-fibre drier散毛烘燥机liquid-flow hank dyeing machine液流式绞纱染色机normal temperature oscillating dyeing machine常温振荡试样机sparging（jet)dyeing machine喷射式染色机high-temperature/high-pressure dyeing machine高温高压染色机program-controlled dyeing machine程控染色机high temperature overflow dyeing machine高温溢流染色机high temperature and high pressure yarn dyeing machine高温高压染纱机atmospheric overflow dyeing machine常温溢流染色机high temperature sample dyeing machine高温样品染色机stainless steal drying tumbler不锈钢烘筒烘燥机rope impregnating mangle绳状浸染机整理类resin finishing树脂starch finishing上浆现象类slightly reddish cast轻泛红现象electrolyte电解后整理摩擦轧光整理：friction finish轧光整理：calender finish起绒整理：fleece finish阻燃整理：flame retardant finish柔软整理：mellow finish落针，停经片：drop wireSCY：(single covered yarn)单包覆纱以一条硬纱缠绕于弹性纱外层。
布匹染整整理过程中烧毛、退浆、丝光、定型、预缩的英文怎么说
majority n.大多数，大半
woven adj.纺织的，织成的
knit v.针织，编织
preparatory adj.准备的，初步的
release v.释放，放松
strain n.张力，变形
creasing n.折皱，皱纹
bond n.键，接合，链合
restraint n.约束，抑制
书山有路勤为径；学海无涯苦作舟
布匹染整整理过程中烧毛、退浆、丝光、定型、预缩
的英文怎么说
singe v.烧毛
singeing n.烧毛
desize v.退浆
desizing n.退浆
gray goods坯布，本色布
works n.工厂
examine v.检查
piece n.一匹，一片
gas singeing气体烧毛
orientation n.取向，定方位
crystallinity n.结晶度（性）
modify v.改变，改进，修饰
hydrosetting n.湿（热）定型
染色：dyeing,
direct printing直接印花
专注下一代成长，为了孩子
书山有路勤为径；学海无涯苦作舟
pile v.堆放
liquor n.液
squeezer n.轧车
cylinder n.圆筒，烘筒，滚筒
mercerize v.丝光处理；碱化处理
calico n.印花棉布，（英）平纹布
filter v.过滤n.过滤器，过滤用物质
shrink v.缩小，收缩
lustrous n.有光泽的
scour v.煮练，净化
bleach v.漂白
纺织品印染整理工艺流程英文
纺织品印染整理工艺流程英文Textile Printing and Dyeing Finishing Process。
Textile printing and dyeing finishing is an important process in the textile industry. It involves various steps to enhance the appearance, durability, and functionality of the fabric. This article will discuss the key steps involved in the textile printing and dyeing finishing process.1. Pre-treatment。
Pre-treatment is the first step in the textile printing and dyeing finishing process. It involves cleaning and preparing the fabric for further processing. The fabric is treated with chemicals to remove impurities, such as oil, wax, and dirt. This step ensures that the fabric is ready for dyeing and printing.2. Dyeing。
Dyeing is the process of coloring the fabric using dyes. There are different methods of dyeing, including direct dyeing, reactive dyeing, and vat dyeing. The choice of dyeing method depends on the type of fabric and the desired color. The fabric is immersed in a dye bath, and the dye molecules penetrate the fabric fibers, resulting in a permanent color.3. Printing。
纺织染整中术语的英文对照
纺织印染中英文对照大全A 色牢度试验项目COLOUR FASTNESS TESTS皂洗牢度washing摩擦牢度rubbing/crocking汗渍牢度perspiration干洗牢度drycleaning光照牢度light水渍牢度water氯漂白chlorine bleach spotting非氯漂白non-chlorine bleach漂白bleaching实际洗涤（水洗一次）actual laundering （one wash）氯化水chlorinated water含氯泳池水chlorinated pool water海水sea-water酸斑acid spotting碱斑alkaline spotting水斑water spotting有机溶剂organic solvent煮呢potting湿态光牢度wet light染料转移dye transfer热（干态）dry heat热压hot pressing印花牢度print durability臭氧ozone烟熏burnt gas fumes由酚类引起的黄化phenolic yellowing唾液及汗液saliva and perspirationB 尺寸稳定性（缩水率）及有关试验项目（织物和成衣）DIMENSIONAL STABILITY （SHRINKAGE）AND RELATED TESTS （FABRIC & GARMENT）皂洗尺寸稳定性dimensional stability to washing （washing shrinkage）洗涤/手洗后的外观appearance after laundering / hand wash热尺寸稳定性dimensional stability to heating熨烫后外观appearance after ironing商业干洗稳定性dimensional stability to commercial drycleaning （drycleaning shrinkage）商业干洗后外观（外观保持性）appearance after commercial drycleaning （appearance retention）蒸汽尺寸稳定性dimensional stability to steaming松弛及毡化dimensional stabilty to relaxation and felting缝纫线形稳定性dimensional stability for sewing threadC 强力试验项目STRENGTH TESTS拉伸强力tensile strength撕破强力tear strength顶破强力bursting strength接缝性能seam properties双层织物的结合强力bonding strength of laminated fabric涂层织物的粘合强力adhesion strength of coated fabric单纱强力single thread strength缕纱强力lea strength钩接强力loop strength纤维和纱的韧性tenacity of fibres and yarnD 织物机构测试项目FABRIC CONSTRUCTION TESTS织物密度（机织物）threads per unit length （woven fabric construction）织物密度（针织物）stitch density （knittted fabric）纱线支数counts of yarn纱线纤度（原样）denier counts as received织物幅宽fabric width织物克重fabric weight针织物线圈长度loop length of knitted fabric纱线卷曲或织缩率crimp or take-up of yarn割绒种类type of cut pile织造种类type of weave梭织物纬向歪斜度distortion in bowed and skewed fabrics （report as received and after one wash）圈长比terry to ground ratio织物厚度fabric thicknessE 成分和其他分析试验项目COMPOSITION AND OTHER ANALYTICAL TESTS纤维成分fibre composition染料识别dyestuff identification靛蓝染料纯度purity of indigo含水率moisture content可萃取物质extractable matter填充料和杂质含量filling and foreign matter content淀粉含量starch content甲醛含量formaldehyde content甲醛树脂presence of formaldehyde resin棉丝光度mercerisation in cottonPH值PH value水能性absorbanceF 可燃性试验项目FLAMMABILITY TESTS普通织物的燃烧性能flammability of general clothing textiles布料的燃烧速率（45。
染整专业英语课堂练习试题及答案
1 What is fibreFibres are the foundation of textile industry. All textiles are made of fibres. All of the production flows and formulae in textiles wet proceccing stages including pre-treatment, dyeing, printing and final finishing are designed and conducted on the basis of the properties of the fibres from which the textiles are made. So it is necessary for us to review the fibre’s definition and properties before we discuss the wet treatment of textiles.What is a fibre? Fibre is the smallest visible unit of matter that has a high length to diameter ratio, fineness and flexibility.The above definition for textile fibres is very broad. So many things are demanded of fibres in many different uses. However, some characteristics can be identified which all textile fibres must have if they are to be commercially successful: a high length to diameter ratio, strength, extensibility and elasticity, resistance to chemicals, heat and sunlight, and ability to take colour.Fibers are usually grouped in order to research or discuss or apply them conventiently. Most of fibres are polymer. Besed on their chemical composition, fibres can be classified into many groups such as cellulosic fibre, protein fibre, viscose fibre, polyamide fibre, polyester fibre and polycrylic fibre, etc.. But the most convenient grouping divides them into two basic groups accouding to their origins: i.e. natural and man-made fibres. Natural fibres refer to all fibers that occur in fibre form in nature, including cotton ,linen, wool, silk, and so on, which have been known and used for thousands of years. As natural fibres cannot meet the requirement ofpeople, many polymers that do not naturally exist in the form of fibre have been processed into the fibre form, usually by forcing the viscous polymers through a spinneret that consists of a series of tiny holes arranged in a circle, and used as fibres. These products are known as man-made fibres.The two basic groups can then be further subdivided. The natural fibres can be subdivided into the three types of cellulosic, protein and mineral fibres according to their origins. Man-made fibres are usually subdivided into four groups: regenerated, modified, synthetic and mineral fibres, according to their polymer origins.2 Natural fibresFiber is the basic unit of fabric .The textile fibers many be divided into two major groups, namely,(a)natural fibers and(b) man-made fibers.The chief natural fibers now in use are cotton, linen, wool and silk. They vary considerably as regards their properties and their production.CottonCotton is the most important and widely used vegetable fiber. It is obtained from the cotton plant which grows in warm moist climates and in most parts of the world. In 1980 the leading producing countries are America, Russia ,China, India and Pakistan. Cotton fibers are composed largely of cellulose. Besides cellulose , raw cotton contains a number of other substances, notably waxes, pectic products and mineral substances. These are quite small in amount, say, not more than 4 percent together. They are referred to as impurities by the manufacturer of cotton goods. Generally these are objectionable effects and would make it difficult to colour and finish cotton fabrics satisfactorily, so it is always a first step in the art of dyeing and finishing to purify the cotton as completely as possible.It is used for apparel fabrics, for household or domestic goods, and for industrial applications. Its ability to accept color and finishes, combined with its comfort, make it a pleasant choice for the fashion-minded consumer. Cotton is also extensively used in blends with man-made fibers to achieve new combinations of properties that are not available in the fibers separately.Cotton has some disadvantages, too. It creases and wrinkles easily. It may beweakened by mildew and mold unless treated to resist them. It is readily attacked by acid reagents and substances, and it is slowly affected by sunlight ,causing yellowing and fiber degradation.LinenAll vegetable fibers other than cotton---the only unicellular vegetable fiber---are multicellular. The best known and most abundantly used multicellular fiber is linen. There are several others such as jute, ramieLinen fibers resemble cotton in so far as they consist of cellulose but have a lower cellulose content. On an average the linen fibers contain only about 75 percent of pure cellulose, the remaining matter being a gummy pectic substance. The surface of each fiber is smooth and this helps to give linen materials their characteristic high luster. In many of its chemical properties linen closely resembles cotton. Thus, it is resistant to alkalies and is easily deteriorated by acids. Linen is mainly used in the manufacture of sail cloth, tent fabric, sewing threads, fishing lines, table-cloth and sheets.Lesson 3 Wool and silkWool is the animal fiber of outstanding importance. It is obtained by shearing the fibrous covering of sheep and is produced in almost all parts of the world. When wool is shorn from a living sheep it is called fleece or clip wool.Chemically wool consists of a complex protein , a substance which is composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur. It differs from cellulose in containing nitrogen and sulphur, and it is the presence of these two additional elements in the wool molecule which gives wool fibers properties profoundly different from those of the vegetable fibers. Wool fiber has a density of 1.32, which makes it slightly lighter than cotton. Wool and other hair fibers have an elastic recovery of 99% from 2% and 60% from 35% extension, respectively. This makes the wool fibers highly resilient. In other words, wool fibers have a tendency to return completely to their original shape after small deformations, which is a great importance.Wool has several disadvantages: it is very sensitive to alkaline substances; it is readily attacked by moths unless treated to resist them; it is difficult to bleach; and it felts easily.SilkSilk is the material extruded from glands in the body of the silkworm in spinning its cocoon or web. It is the only natural fiber that occurs in the form of a line continuous filament.Silk is warm and pleasant to the touch and is generally considered comfortable towear. It is readily dyeable with a variety of dyes and has an affinity for metallic salts.Silk is essentially used in luxury goods. It has been able to withstand competition from synthetic fibers in many high-quality textile applications because of its excellent dyeing characteristics, high moisture and light absorbency, and heat-preserving properly.Lesson four Man-Made FibersNatural fibers are already in fiber form as harvested and are ready for the start of yarn spinning operations. However, man-made fibers start out as plastic that first be converted into fiber form. Most man-made fibers are formed by forcing a viscous chemical substance through a spinneret which consists of a series of tiny holes arranged in a circle. The streams emerging from the holes are then hardened or solidified to form filaments. The process of extrusion and hardening is called spinning, not to be confused with the yarn forming operation of the same name.The man-made fibers are divided into two broad categories:(a)regenerated fibers and (b)synthetic fibers. The regenerated fibers are those in which the fiber-forming material is of natural origin; In second class of fibers is made by the chemical synthesis of simple polymer-forming materials.Regenerated FibersThe regenerated cellulosic fibers include viscose, cuprammonium,and acetate rayons. These three forms of rayon together constitute the bulk of world production having a natural polymer(cellulose)base as raw material. Of these, viscose rayon is comparatively easier to produce and considered as the chief rayon of the group Viscose Rayon Viscose rayon has many properties in common with cotton. But it is necessary to point out at least two important differences which are important from the viewpoint of textile finishing. Viscose rayon fibers consist of cellulose somewhat looser or more opened-up than that of cotton. Viscose rayon absorbs water more freely and is more receptive towards dyes. In bleaching and other treatmentswhere overtreatment can result in fiber damage, viscose rayon becomes degraded more rapidly than does cotton. The second difference between viscose rayon and cotton fibers is that the viscose rayon fibers are so much smoother. This not only contributes to their luster but it reduces the adhesion which is desired in yarns and fabrics to give stability of shape and size.Synthetic fibersThe first synthetic fibre is nylon(one of polyamide fibres) that was commercially produced in United State in 1939. The main kinds of the synthetic fibres include: polyamide, polyester and polycrylic fibres,which are used in textile industry widely.1 polyamide fibresNylon filaments are smooth and shiny. When viewed in cross-section, nylon is usually perfectly round. It is highly resistant to alkalis and relatively less resistant to acid. Nylon is very strong, quite-drying fibre with high wet strength and has excellent elasticity. Nylon has a lower specific gravity than other fibres. These properties make them very suitable for stockings, parachute fabrics, shirts, underwear, carpet and reinforcement of rubber in tyres and belts.Nylon blends well with other fibres and adds strength to such blends. Nylon has low absorbency, which makes it quick drying. In recent years many modified nylon fibres have been developed and produced to meet some particular requirements.Lesson 5 Pre-treatment Processes of TextilesBefore the pretreatment of fabric with chemical solutions, it is necessary to prepare the fabric. The preparation processes of fabric for the wet treatment include examining of gray goods, cloth turning(in batches, in boxes),stamping or marking, sewing , singeing, etc. These preparation processes are respectively described as follows.1.Examining for gray goodsEach piece of gray goods on entering the finishing works is examined in the gray room for fault weaving, dirt, damages and other defects.2.Cloth turningThe trait of production of dyeing and finishing plant is of large batch and multi-items of products processing. To manage conveniently and avoid confusion, the same specification’s gray goods that is often processed in the same techniques is classified as one kind ,and in batches and in boxes.3.Marking /stampingAfter examining being passing, two ends of each box of gray goods must be stamped or marked with distinctive letter and number so that one can distinguish and manage them and not confuse the technique with different kinds of gray goods.4.SewingMost of processing in dyeing and finishing plant is continuous. The length of the gray cloth from the loom is commonly 30-120m or so, therefore is suitablenumber of pieces are then sewn end to end so as to make a continuous length.5.SingeingBefore a cloth can either dyed, printed, or conditioned with special finished, it must go through a series of preliminary treatments. Singeing is the operation of preparations before wet chemical processes, or the first one of the preparatory processes necessary for dyeing or printing.DesizingMost textile materials and fabrics require pretreatments before they can be dyed and finished. The preparatory treatments depend on the type of fibre in the material and particular dyeing and finishing treatments that are to be done. Preparatory treatments can be done on material from fibre to yarn, fabric, or garments. Most often the preparatory treatment are done on the material in fabric form. Fabric which have been prepared for dying and finishing must have sufficient absorbency and whiteness.If singeing can be considered as the last operation of preparations before chemical processes, desizing is the first one of preparatory processes necessary for dyeing and printing. Sizing materials are applied to yarns, particularly warp yarn, before they are woven into cloth. These form a protective coating over the yarns and keep them from chafing or breaking during weaving. It is usually not necessary to apply sizing for yarns that used in knitting.Lesson 6 ScouringAll gray goods must be cleaned and made ready the acceptance of the finish. Gray goods contains a warp sizing, which makes the fabric stiff can interferes with the absorption of liquids. The fabric must be desized before further finishing can be done. Also, fabrics are often soiled during weaving and must be cleaned for that reason. Warp sizing, dirt, oil spots and natural impurities have always been removed by a washing process---degumming of silk, kier boiling of cotton, and scouring of wool.Scouring is a cleaning process used to remove impurities on fibres, yarns and cloth. It is the easiest to perform at the cloth stage. Concretely, souring is an operation in which the quantity of protein, pectin, ash, and wax in the fibre in the fibre is reduced to an amount which will not seriously interfere with subsequent dyeing; it is necessary step before bleaching and of itself renders the fabric considerably whiter. The specific scouring procedures, chemicals, temperature and time vary with the type of fibre, yarn and cloth construction. Impurities such as lubricants, dirt and other natural materials ,water-soluble sizes, antistatic agents are removed in scouring.Scouring is accomplished primarily by means of hot alkaline solutions. The severity of the treatment depends upon the quality of fabric being processed, the processing equipment, and the nature of the end product. In the scouring process the natural impurities are either soluble in the hot alkali or rendered removable by decomposition saponification or emulsification.There are two types of scouring: kiering and continuous steaming. The latter is atpresent used more extensively.Kiering is carried out by means of a kier. The kier is a steel or iron boiler capable of holding 3-5 ton of cloth. The goods are run into the kier in a moist condition ane evenly packed. When kier is filled , the lid is then closed down ,the prepared scouring liquor run in and the heating started.Steaming is a key technique constituting an important part of a continuous system of scouring and bleaching. It consists mainly of three processes: steeping and pressing of the caustic soda solution , steaming ,washing .The effectiveness of the scour may be assessed by determination of residual wax content , absorbency and weight loss.Cotton contains natural impurities which must be removed in scouring and bleaching.A special scouring process used to the natural gum, sericin, from silk, is called degumming. The silk is washed in hot soapy water, usually under alkaline conditions.After being scoured, the fabric is ready for next operation –bleaching.Lesson 7 BleachingCellulose and most other fibre-forming polymers are white in their natural state, However, impurities in fibres may absorb light causing the fibres to have a creamy, yellowish, or dull appearance. Cotton fibres usually require bleaching unless the material will be dyed very dark or dull shades. Synthetic fibres are often very white as supplied by the fibre producer but may require bleaching in some case. The goal of bleaching in the manufacturing process is to decolorize the impurities which mask the natural whiteness of fibres so as to obtain white cloth or to prepare the cloth for further finishing processes such as dyeing or printing and increase the ability of thefabric to absorb dyestuffs uniformly.Bleaching follows scouring in the continuous scouring and bleaching system. The essential feature of the scouring is that it has removed most of the impurities, and those that are left, including the natural coloring matters, can only be destroyed by a bleaching treatment which follows. Bleaching is therefore a final treatment to complete the purification, which at the same time ensure the production of a good white color. Bleaching is a chemical processes used to eliminate unwanted coloring matter from fibres, yarn or cloth. Bleaching is carried out in the yarn as well as cloth stage of manufacturing. Finished products are bleached by the consumer to maintain the whiteness or brightness of items during use and care.Several different kinds of chemicals are used in bleaching agents, the particular one selected depends on the type of fibre present in the yarn, cloth or finished product. Common bleaching agents are dydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, sodiumchlorite and sodium perborate. In manufacturing processes, bleaching may be carried out in a continuous or batch process. The choice of the particular process used is generally based on cost consideration. Hydrogen peroxide is the most widely used commercial bleaching agent.Fabrics may be bleached in rope or open-width form. In rope bleaching the fabric is pulled together to form somewhat circular mass, which is loose enough for penetration and resembles a large rope; in open-width form the fabric is flat and smooth under tension.Generally , several steps are involved in the bleaching process:(1)the cloth is saturated with the bleaching agent;(2)the temperature is raised to that recommended for the particular fibre orblend and held for the time needed to complete the bleaching action.(3)the cloth is thoroughly washed and dried. The bleaching agent ,temperatureand time must be carefully controlled to avoid damage to the fibre ,or severelosses in strength may occur.The bleached cloth is also called as semi-finished goods and ready for dyeding and printing.Lesson 8 MercerizingThe process of treating cotton with a concentrated solution of sodium hydroxide is called mercerization. Mercerizing is a chemical finish applied to cellulosic fibre, especially cotton.Treatment of cotton with alkali has many beneficial effects including: added luster to fabrics (if done under tension) and softness, increased strength, improved affinity for dyes and dyeability of immature fibres and got high water sorption.The mercerization process causes the cotton fibres to swell laterally and shrink longitudinally. And the natural twist of cotton fibre is largely removed. This produces a round cross section which reflects light to give the improvement in luster .Increased strength is an important value from mercerization.Mercerization may be done either before or after the fabric is scoured and bleached. If done on greige goods, the concentration of the caustic soda formation is relatively easy to control. When mercerization is done on wet fabric ,dilution of the caustic soda formulation by water in the entering fabric can make control of concentration difficult. The water content of wet fabric entering the mercerization process must be uniform to prevent nonuniform pickup of the caustic soda solution by the fabric.Mercerization of fabric is usually done in a continuous process. Fabric mercerization is done on a frame that contains mangles for saturating the cloth, a tenter frame for tensioning the fabric both crosswise and lengthwise while wet, and boxes for washing, neutralizing with dilute sulfuric acid, scouring and rinsing.The changes that occur in cotton upon mercerization depend on the concentration of caustic soda used, temperature of treatment , and whether or not the material is under tension during treatment. In the mercerizing process, yarn or cloth is treated under tension at room temperature with a sodium hydroxide solution that may vary in strength from 15 to 30 percent. The concentration of sodium hydroxide and the length of treatment vary depending on the particular properties to be achieved and whether it is yarn or cloth that is being processed. All properties are not improved equally at one level of caustic treatment .Full mercerization of cotton is usually done with 20%-25% caustic soda solution. If improved luster is the goal, the sodium hydroxide concentration is kept at a high level. If improved luster is the goal, the sodium hydroxide concentration is kept at a high level. Some of the benefits of mercerization, for example, improvement of moisture adsorption, especially improvement in dyeability of immature fibre, are obtained with lower concentration of caustic soda.“Mercerized cotton”on a label is associated with luster. Cotton is mercerized for luster in both yarn and fabric forms. Yarn mercerization is also a continuous process in which the yarn under tension passes from a yarn beam through a series of boxes with guide rolls and squeeze rolls, through a boil –out wash, and a final wash.Lesson 9 Dyeing of textilesColour can pleasure us . The pleasure derived from imparting colour to clothing has existed since the time the earliest civilization. A world of fashion without colour is impossible to imagine. Textiles are coloured also for functional reasons, such as military camouflage and fluorescent jackets for road repair workers. Life would be more hazardous and certainly dull if textiles were only used in their natural colors.Textile’s colour is normolly obtained by applying a colorant to the textile substrate. There are two ways of adding colour to a textile substrate: i.e. dyeing and printing. Printing adds colour to the substrate locally; whereas dyeing completely covers the substrate with colour ,and usually with the intension of obtaining an even colour distribution throughout the substrate. Colorants used for dyeing can be classified as dyes or pigments. Dyes are water soluble and have substantivity(affinity)for fibres and can be absorbed into the fibres. Pigments are not water soluble and posses no specific attraction for any particular fibre type. Pigments usually adhere to the surface of the fibre. Dyes are used far more widely and frequently than pigments in the textile dyeing process.In order to meet the aesthetic and application requirements of consumers, the quality of dyed textiles must be considered. This quality is usually assessed through the measurement of the colour’s hue, depth, brightness, uniformity, fastness, and other quality properties. Colour fastness is defined as the ability of the shade to withstand external agencies without loss or change in colour. Such external agencies would include washing, drying cleaning, rubbing, perspiration, heat and light. Color fastnessis influenced by the factors including dye, fibre, dyeing process and dyeing depth. The tests for colour measurement are proposed and standardized by national or international organizations.Dyeing of textile is achieved by transferring bye molecules from a medium(usually water) in which the dye is dissolved or dispersed onto the textile fibres. The dyeing can be undertaken either as a batch (or exhaustion) process or a continuous technique.Dyeing can be carried out on the textile when it is in a number of different physical form, including loose stock, tow, tops, yarn, piece and garment. These textiles are dyed using the batch or continuous dyeing method, or by the use of a combination of themDyes are also grouped by their application method. Based their application methods, dyes are essentially divided into twelve types, which are acid ,azoic, basic, direct, disperse, mordant, natural, pigment ,reactive, solvent, sulphur and vat dyes.Lesson 10 Introduction to printingThe objective of printing is to produce coloured designs on textile. These designs are of well defined boundaries made by the artistic arrangement of motif or motifs in one or more colors. In other words, dyes or pigments must be applied in predetermined pattern to the textile substrate. So printing can define as the laocalized application of dye or pigment to a textile substrate to generate a design. The application of a design to fabric by the use of dyes, or pigments may be effected by many methods; but printing is the most convenient, Frer-hand painting of designs on fabrics is the oldest technique for applying ornament, but hand painting is a time-consuming procedure. Furthermore, it does not always result in a uniform repeat of a motif that is used more than once. However, in printing it is easy to repeat the design and the fabric with the design can be produced in a large amount .For example, if we use block-printing technique to apply a design on a fabric, we only need to transfer the design to a wood or metal flat surface that can be coated with a dye or pigment and then stamped onto the fabric. The same design can be repeated many times simply by pressing the decorated surface against the fabric.The dyes used in printing are the same as that in dyeing, such as reactive and insoluble azoic dyes for cellulosic fibre and disperse dyes for polyester, and the forces by which the dyes are linked with the fibre are the same in dyeing and printing. But between dyeing and printing there are still some differences. The basic operations of printing include: dye is firstly dissolved and pasted with a small quantity of water and a suitable thickening agent; then applied to fabric and dried immediately; and thenfixed on the fabric by steaming or heating, finally soaped and washed with water.Over many centuries, a variety of techniques for printing designs have evolved, such as block printing, mordant printing, resist printing, screen printing, roller printing, transfer printing, photographic printing, etc. Printing can be applied to warp yarns, fabrics, or apparel pieces. Most textiles are printed in the fabric form. Printed patterns may vary from simple geometric designs in a single colour to very complex designs in up to 20 or more colours. These printing techniques can be briefly reviewed from two aspects: printing mothed and printing style/The printing methods used most frequently by today’s printers are engraved roller printing, screen printing and transfer printing, which are classified on the basis of the types of printing machines.Lesson 11 Introduction to finishing Textile finishing, which is also called final finishing, covers an extremely wide range of activities which are performed on the bleached, dyed and printed textiles before they are put on the market. The general aim of the textile finishing is to perfect the textile goods and render them fit for their end uses. Textile finishing gives many advantages to textiles that are intended to accomplish different purpose. For example, a fabric may be bleached to enhance whiteness and then given a durable press finish to make it resist wrinkling. Few fabrics are manufactured that do not undergo some type of finish. The function of the textile finishing may be divided into the following types.To standardize textile goods. Textiles such as fabrics sold on market should have standard width ,standard shrinkage, etc. to fit for their end uses. These standard properties are achieved by stentering, stentering of weft, sanforizing and other finishing processes.To improve the handle and appearance of the fabrics, which are achieved by stiffening , softening, calendaring, or raising, etc.To impart new functional properties to the fabric ,such as durable press finish, fire retardant finish, soil release finish, etc.Hence, finishing is essential for a textile good before it is put on the market.According to the degree of the finishing effects in fabric remaining during subsequent washing and usage the finishing techniques may fall into three types: Temporary finish. The finishing effects are not stable and disappear duringsubsequent washing and usagePermanent finish. If the finishing effects on the fabric do not disappear and remain unaffected through all the condition of wear and washing treatment, then the finish is said to be a permanent finish.Semi-permanent finish. The durability of the finishing effects produced by the semi-permanent finish is intermediate between the permanent and the temporary finish.On the basis of their technical features the finishing processes can be divided into two main groups: i.e. mechanical and chemical finishes. Mechanical processes involve the passage of the textile material through machines whose mechanical action achieves the desired effects. Chemical processes may be described as those processes which involve the application of chemicals to the fabric.。
各种染整印染整理单词中英文翻译
各种染整印染整理单词中英⽂翻译1、Super care超级免烫，永久保新30次⽔洗后外观等级达3.5出⾊的尺⼨稳定性良好的亲⽔性和透⽓性吸湿性 < 30 秒：AATCC 79丝质般的⼿感⾃然舒适◆Super non-iron effect◆DP rating 3.5 after 30HL◆Excellent Dimensional Stability◆Good hydrophilic and breathability◆Absorption < 30 seconds: AATCC 79◆Silky Handfeel◆Natural Comfort2、⼤⿇&亚⿇ Hemp天然抑菌，防臭防腐防紫外线辐射清凉爽⾝防静电、耐⾼温相⽐亚⿇、苎⿇更柔软⽆刺痒感◆Anti-bacterial and odor-absorbing◆Anti-ultraviolet◆Cool and Comfortable◆Anti-static and heat-resistant◆Soft than linen and ramie◆No itching3.亚⿇ Linen纤维皇后能呼吸的纤维⾃然凉爽柔软有质感风格独特(天然抑菌，防臭防腐….)The fiber queenBreathe freelyNatural coolSoft and plumySpectial style and texture3、T-400吸湿弹⼒⾯料Coolmax 吸湿排汗功能，凉爽舒适Lycra的弹性和回复性能，合体舒适出⾊的吸湿性(＜5秒 AATCC 79)持久保形◆Coolmax performance, cool comfort◆Lycra performance, soft and elasticity◆Superior Absorption(＜5 seconds AATCC 79)◆Good shape retention4.Coolmax 吸湿快⼲⾯料Coolmax 是英威达鉴定的功能织物注册品牌异形截⾯，加速对⽔分的吸收和传输出⾊的亲⽔性（< 5秒，AATCC 79）轻便透⽓，凉爽舒适◆INVISTA performance testes and certified ◆Wicks sweat away from your body◆Quicker Absorption(＜5 seconds AATCC 79)◆Light texture ，Cool Comfort5. Cool Cotton:优异的亲⽔性能，能迅速吸收汗液⽑效＞5cm ，吸湿性<10秒优异的快⼲性能，能迅速将⽔分蒸发穿着凉爽舒适，持久耐洗◆Excellent hydrophilic◆Wicking＞5cm (M&S P136 B)Absorption＜10″(AATCC 79)◆Dry quickly◆Cool Comfort & Durability6. Moisture Management―――吸湿快⼲整理优异的亲⽔性和透⽓性亲⽔性＜10秒：AATCC 79穿着凉爽舒适◆Good hydrophilic and breathability◆Absorption < 10 seconds: AATCC 79◆Cool and comfortable7、XINHIGH COTTON魔术般的悬垂性丝滑般的⼿感⽩度⾼，强⼒好清新⾃然，凉爽舒适◆Magic Drapability◆Silk handfeel◆Super whiteness and high strength◆Natural, Cool comfort8、棉&⽺绒 cotton &cashmere⼿感柔软丰满精致⽽有绒感尺⼨稳定富有天然弹性⾃然悬垂，洗可穿◆Exquisite cashmere feeling◆Good dimensional stability to washing◆Full of natural elasticity◆Good drapability9. 棉&⽺⽑ cotton & wool⼿感柔软丰满天然弹性极好的起⽑效果⾃然悬垂◆Full, soft feel◆Natural elasticity◆Excellent effect for peach◆Good drapability10、真丝&棉 silk &cotton （或者：Silk Care ------针对含丝织物的免烫整理）柔软细腻的⼿感光泽柔和质地轻盈，典雅⼤⽅凉爽舒适，保健护肤易打理◆Soft, exquisite touch◆Subdued luster◆Light texture, degage◆Cool comfort, health care◆Easy care11. 真丝&棉&⽺绒 silk &cotton& cashmere⼿感柔软丰富光泽柔和尺⼨稳定，富有弹性⾃然悬垂，洗可穿◆Subdued luster◆Good dimensional stability to washing◆Slender elasticity, comfort to wear◆Good drapability , easy care12. 天丝&亚⿇ Tencel & Linen fabrics亚⿇的风格,清新⾃然极好的悬垂性⼿感柔软丰满天然抑菌，防臭防腐吸湿透⽓，清凉爽⾝◆Linen appearance, fresh & natural◆Excellent drapability◆Full, soft feel◆Anti-bacterial and odor-absorbing◆Cool and dry附： TENCEL 天丝纤维柔软，亲和肌肤极好的悬垂性光泽柔和穿着舒适◆Soft and skin-sensory◆Excellent drapability◆Subdued luster◆Comfortable13. 亚⿇ & XLA 弹⼒⾯料 Linen & XLA elastic fabric ⼿感柔软弹性柔和，贴⾝舒适天然抑菌，防臭防腐吸湿透⽓，清凉爽⾝◆Soft handfeel◆Gentle, stretch and recovery◆Anti-bacterial and odor-absorbing◆Cool and comfortable14. 棉&XLA弹⼒免烫⾯料 Cotton &XLA noniron stretch fabric弹性柔和、持久防紫外线辐射唯⼀能达到洗后外观3.5级的弹⼒免烫⾯料持久保型，易打理◆Gentle, Durable elasticity◆Resists UV light◆The only noniron elastic fabric◆which can reach 3.5 level after wash◆Better shape retention, easy care15. CoolmaxFX-------具有抗菌功能的coolmax功能⾯料Performance: Coolmax +Antibacteria16. Anti-bacteria―――抗菌整理有效防⽌细菌的⽣长和滋⽣，使⾯料没有异味，保持清新防霉变引起的异味减少细菌对⼈体的伤寒防⽌因细菌引起的织物腐烂◆Restrain bacteria growth and propagation on textiles◆Keep fabrics odor-free.◆Eliminate odors generated by bacteria◆Reduce infection risk in patients, babies and elders◆Resist fabric deterioration and discoloration caused by Microbes17. Nano coolest comfort―――纳⽶吸湿快⼲整理优异的亲⽔性能，能迅速吸收⾝体上的汗液优异的快⼲性能，能迅速将⽔分蒸发穿着凉爽舒适◆Absorbs the moisture quickly(＜10 seconds AATCC 79)◆Transports the moisture to fabricface quickly◆High level comfort◆Breathability and Durability18. Stain Release―――亲⽔性易去污整理沾污在⾯料上的污渍能很容易在洗⽔过程中被去除使⾯料易于打理，长久如新吸湿透⽓，⼿感舒适◆Stains can be released easily during laundering ◆Fabrics look new longer, easy care◆Breathable, Comfort and Gentle19. Nano-care―――纳⽶拒⽔拒油免烫整理卓越的拒⽔拒油功能优异的免烫功能柔软的⼿感良好的耐久性和透⽓性穿着舒适◆Excellent spills Resistance◆Good No Iron performance◆Durability to washing◆Breathable◆Comfortable20. LA+MC――――液氨+潮交联整理更加优异的免烫功能丰富柔软的⼿感晚于护理极好的洗可穿功能穿着舒适◆Good smooth and appearance after washing◆High cease recovery◆Super soft handfeel, comfortable◆Easy Care◆Excellent wash and wear property21. ETI―――易烫整理易烫，有效改善纯棉⾯料先后起皱现象⼿感柔软，保持纯棉的本质，易于打理◆Easy to care◆Good handle, Comfortable22. LA+MC+Fresh―――液氨+潮交联+清新整理⾯料能吸收⼀些不愉快的⽓味如烟味、酒味等，洗⽔时释放异味，使⾯料始终保持清新◆Permanent absorption of odours◆Long-lasting freshness◆Washing reactivates the effect◆Environment-friendly finished23. Moisture Management―――吸湿快⼲整理优异的亲⽔性和透⽓性亲⽔性＜10秒：AATCC 79穿着凉爽舒适◆Good hydrophilic and breathability◆Absorption < 10 seconds: AATCC 79◆Cool and comfortable24. Thermolite 保暖⾯料INVISTA公司推出的具有保暖功能的轻质材质采⽤中空纤维设计，保持⾝体温度，较同等轻质布料暖和能将湿⽓迅速⽽⾃然地排出体外，保持穿⾐者的温暖性。
染整专业英语词汇选ranzheng
染整专业英语词汇选原料方面涤纶：ployester锦纶：nylon/polyamide醋酸：acetate棉；cotton人棉：rayon真丝：silk人丝：viscose长丝：filament短纤：spun黑丝：black yarn阳离子：cation氨纶：spandex/elastic/strec/lycra纱线 Yarns棉纱 Cotton Yarns涤棉纱 T/C & CVC Yarns粘棉纱 Cotton/Rayon Yarns棉晴纱 Cotton/Acrylic Yarns棉/氨纶包芯纱 Cotton/Spandex Yarns棉与其他混纺纱 Cotton/Others Blended Yarns毛纺系列纱线 Woollen Yarn Series羊绒纱 Cashmere Yarn Series全羊毛纱 Wool (100%) Yarns毛晴纱 Wool/Acrylic Yarns毛涤纱 Wool/Polyester Yarns毛粘纱 Wool/Viscose Yarns麻棉混纺布：linen/cotton blended fabric 粒粒绒布：pellet fleece velvet 麻棉交织布：linen/cotton mixed fabric 素色毛巾布：solid terry素色卫衣布：solid fleece彩条汗布color-stripes single jersey鱼网布：fleece里料：lining面料：fabric平纹：taffeta缎面：satin / charmeuse斜纹：twill绡：lustrine提花jacquard烂花：burnt-out格子：check条子：stripe双层：double – layer双色：two – tone花瑶：faille雪纺：chiffon高士宝：koshibo乔其：georgette塔丝隆：taslon弹力布：spandex/elastic/strec/lycra 牛仔布：jeanet牛津布：oxford帆布：cambric黑条纺：black stripe水洗绒/桃皮绒：peach skin卡丹绒：peach twill绉绒：peach moss玻璃纱：organdy染料方面碱性染料：basic dyes酸性染料：acid dyes活性染料：reactive dyes分散染料：disperse dyes阳离子染料：cation dyes还原染料：vat dyes直接染料：direct dyes硫化染料：sulphur dyes非偶氮染料：azo free dyes助剂、工艺及设备singe v. 烧毛singeing n. 烧毛desize v.退浆desizing n. 退浆gray goods 坯布，本色布works n.工厂examine v.检查piece n.一匹，一片gas singeing 气体烧毛scour v.煮练，净化bleach v.漂白degumming n.脱胶kier n.煮布锅pad v.轧染，浸轧subject v.使受到……alkali n.碱impurity n.杂质calcium n.钙impregnate v.浸透，浸轧impregation n. 浸透，浸轧pile v.堆放liquor n.液squeezer n.轧车cylinder n.圆筒，烘筒，滚筒mercerize v. 丝光处理；碱化处理calico n.印花棉布，（英）平纹布filter v. 过滤n.过滤器，过滤用物质shrink v.缩小，收缩lustrous n.有光泽的heat setting热定型majority n.大多数，大半woven adj.纺织的，织成的knit v.针织，编织preparatory adj.准备的，初步的release v.释放，放松strain n.张力，变形creasing n.折皱，皱纹bond n.键，接合，链合restraint n.约束，抑制orientation n.取向，定方位crystallinity n.结晶度（性）modify v.改变，改进，修饰hydrosetting n.湿（热）定型染色：dyeing,direct printing 直接印花transfer printing 转移印花thicken v.使变稠（厚，浓）roller printing滚筒印花screen printing筛网印花block printing模版印花carrier n.染色载体，运载工具engrave v.雕刻stenciling n.刻花版，刻版印花plate screen printing平网印花rotary screen printing圆网印花涂层：covering,coating，复合：compound,composite,印花：printing,贴合：laminate,磨毛：sanding,压光：cire, calender,wash out colors（拔染）discharge print（拔染印花）softening and antistatic agents 柔软及抗静电剂water and oil-repellent agents 防水防油整理剂insect-resist agents 防虫剂thickeners 增稠剂crosslinking agents 交联剂emulsifiers 乳化剂氯漂白 chlorine bleach spotting非氯漂白 non-chlorine bleach漂白 bleaching热（干态） dry heat热压 hot pressing印花牢度 print durability摩擦轧光整理：friction finish轧光整理：calender finish起绒整理：fleece finish阻燃整理：flame retardant finish柔软整理：mellow finish喷墨印花：busy print扎染：tie dye段染：space dye颜料染色：pigment dyequickwash shrinkage tester 快速洗水缩水试验机washing fastness tester 水洗牢度机martindate aorasion tester 耐磨损测试机universal strength tester 万能强力测试机light fastness tester 日晒牢度仪hank drier 绞纱烘燥机liquid-flow hank dyeing machine 液流式绞纱染色机normal temperature oscillating dyeing machine 常温振荡试样机sparging（jet）dyeing machine 喷射式染色机high temperature overflow dyeing machine 高温溢流染色机high temperature and high pressure yarn dyeing machine 高温高压染纱机atmospheric overflow dyeing machine 常温溢流染色机rope impregnating mangle 绳状浸染机resin finishing 树脂整理starch finishing 上浆颜色方面红色red朱红vermeil; vermilion; ponceau粉红pink; soft red; rose bloom玫瑰红rose madder; rose桃红peach blossom; peach;橙色orange黄色yellow桔黄orange; crocus; gamboge;深桔黄,深橙deep orange 米黄apricot cream cream中黄midium yellow嫩黄yellow cream绿色green橄榄绿olive green olive水草绿water grass green深草绿jungle green灰湖绿agate green水晶绿crystal green中绿medium green; golf green浅绿light green淡绿pale green蓝色blue天蓝sky blue; azure celeste;蔚蓝azure; sky blue海洋蓝ocean blue紫色purple; violet紫罗兰色violet葡萄紫grape茄皮紫aubergine; wineberry玫瑰紫rose violet黑色black土黑earth black煤黑coal black橄榄黑olive black棕黑sepia; brown black白色white象牙白ivory white; ivory珍珠白pear white gray lily玉石白jade white灰色grey; gray银灰silver grey;chinchilla; gray mom 铁灰iron grey铅灰lividity; leaden grey碳灰charcoal grey驼灰doe豆灰rose dust棕色,褐色brown红棕umber;chili金棕auburn铁锈棕rustic brown桔棕orange brown橄榄棕olive brown棕褐summer tan茶褐auburn umber黑褐black brown咖啡色coffee紫酱色marron茶色umber;dun;dark brown琥珀色amber;succinite栗色chestnut;sorrel;marron金色gold古金色old gold银色silver;argent铅色lividity锌色zinc铁锈色rust青古铜色bronze;bronzy黑古铜色dark bronze紫铜色purple bronze黄铜色brassiness驼色camel;light tan米色beige; buff;cream;gray sand卡其色khaki奶油色cream豆沙色cameo肉色flesh , carnation;incarnadine; yellowish pink水晶色crystal荧光色iridescent产品检验及标准方面质量标准：quality standard拉伸强度：tensile strength客检：customer inspection台板检验：table inspection经向检验：lamp inspection皂洗色牢度washing color fastness色牢度color fastness摩擦色牢度：rubbing / cricking color fastness 光照色牢度：light color fastness汗渍色牢度：perspiration color fastness水渍色牢度：water color fastness尺寸稳定性：dimensional stability外观持久性：appearance retention撕破强度：tear strength接缝滑裂：seam slippage抗起毛起球性：pilling resistance耐磨性：abrasion resistance拒水性：water repellency抗水性：water resistance织物密度：thread per inch/stich density纱支：yarn count克重：weight氯漂白色牢度：chlorine bleach color fastness 纤维成分 fibre composition染料识别 dyestuff identification靛蓝染料纯度 purity of indigo含水率 moisture content可萃取物质 extractable matter填充料和杂质量 filling and foreign matter content 淀粉含量 starch content甲醛含量 formaldehyde content甲醛树脂 presence of formaldehyde resin棉丝光度 mercerisation in cottonPH值 PH value环保专业英语竞赛复习题Ⅰ.Words.aerosols 气溶胶/ 气雾剂agricultural wastes 农业废物commercial noise 商业噪音composite pollution 混合污染dioxins 二恶英hazardous substances 危险物质hazardous wastes 危险废物heavy metals 重金属hospital wastes 医院废物industrial effluents 工业废水industrial emissions 工业排放物industrial fumes 工业烟尘industrial noise 工业噪声inorganic pollutants 无机污染物lead contamination 铅污染liquid wastes 液体废物litter 丢弃物/ 废气物mercury contamination 汞污染micropollutants 微污染物mining wastes 采矿废物motor vehicle emissions 机动车辆排放物municipal waste 城市废物nitrogen oxides 氮氧化物noise pollution 噪声污染odour nuisance 恶臭公害organic pollutants 有机物污染pharmaceutical wastes 医药废物plastic wastes 塑料废物radioactive substances 放射性物质rubber waste 橡胶废物sewage 污水solid wastes 固体废物thermal pollution 热污染toxic substances 有毒物质toxic waste 有毒废物toxins 毒素traffic noise 交通噪音trash 废物/ 垃圾wood waste 木材废料biological weapons 生物武器cement industry 水泥工业chemical weapons 化学武器chimneys 烟囱motor vehicles 机动车辆motorcycles 摩托车nuclear weapons 核武器ocean dumping 海洋倾倒oil spills 石油泄漏scrap metals 废金属excavation heaps 挖掘堆积acoustic insulation 隔音chemical decontamination 化学污染清除desulphurization of fuels 燃料脱硫filters 过滤器noise abatement 噪音治理pollution abatement equipment污染治理设备pollution control technology 污染控制技术radiation protection 辐射防护scrubbers 洗涤器separators 分离器smoke prevention 防烟waste minimization 废物最少化battery disposal 电池处理chemical treatment of waste 废物的化学处理disposal sites 处置场所incineration of waste 废物焚烧mine filling 矿山回填oil residue recuperation 残油回收recycled materials 回收的材料recycling 回收reuse of materials 材料再利用sanitary landfills 卫生填埋sea outfall 海洋排泄口septic tanks 化粪池sewage disposal 污水处置sewage treatment systems 污水处理系统solid waste disposal 固体废物处置waste assimilation capacities 废物同化处置waste conversion techniques 废物转化技术waste disposal 废物处置waste disposal in the ground 废物土地处置waste recovery 废物回收waste use 废物利用water reuse 水的再利用Environmental problemsWater pollution 水污染Air pollution 空气污染Global warming 温室效应Water quality 水质Wastewater 废水Environmental Monitoring 环境监测Pesticides 农药Fossil Fuel 化石燃料Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳Surface runoff 地表径流Eutrophic 富营养化BOD 生化需氧量TOC 总有机碳Ecosystem 生态系统Metabolic activities 新陈代谢COD 化学需氧量Microorganism 微生物persistent organic pollutants难降解有机污染物Population explosion 人口膨胀radioactive waste management放射性废物管理Ⅱ. Multiple choice: For each of the questions below there is one correct (or most appropriate) answer. X-out the letter identifying your choice of answer for each question on your exam-paper.1. Soil science include two main divisions, the one which studies soils as the habitat for plants and other organisms is calleda)Edaphology b) pedology, c) soil science, d) geology2.Of the following weathering processes, the one belonging to physical weathering isa) hydrolysis b) carbonation c) hydrationd) abrasion caused by bombardment of minerals by materials suspended in wind3.Soil porosity is a measure of pore space. It is usually inversely correlated witha)bulk density, b) particle density, c) texture, d) soil separates4.The quantity of water that a soil can release to plant is calleda)field capacity, b) permanent wilting point, c) available water capacity,d) plant available water5.Of the following fertilizers and soil amendment, the one which is most soluble isa)CaHPO4b) CaSO4.2H2O c) KCl d) CaCO3.6.Of the following fertilizers and soil amendment, the one which is least soluble isa)Ca(H2PO4)2, b) CaSO4• 2H2O, c) KCl d) NH4NO3.7. A gardener uses a wheat straw-mulch between rows of cool-season vegetables (carrots, beets,radishes, etc.) which are successfully grown in the spring. In early summer, the mulch and plant residue is incorporated by cultivation before planting warm season plants (melons, squash, etc.). No fertilizer has been added for several years as the gardener practices ―organic‖ gardening. The warm season plants show a chlorosis of the older leaves during rapid plant development. You suspect the cause to bea)microbial immobilization of N that would otherwise be available to the garden plants.b)microbial mineralization of N that would otherwise be available to the garden plants.c)microbial nitrification of N that would otherwise be available to the garden plants.d)potassium deficiency.8. A nitrogen transformation process responsible for causing at least a temporary decrease inammonium-N, increase in nitrate-N, and decrease in pH isa)mineralization. b) nitrification. c) denitrification. d) immobilization.9. A nitrogen transformation process responsible for causing at least a temporary increase inammonium-N isa)mineralization. b) nitrification. c) denitrification. d) immobilization.10. A nitrogen transformation process responsible for causing a decrease in nitrate-N underanaerobic conditions isa)mineralization. b) nitrification. c) denitrification. d) immobilization.11.When ammonia reacts with water, the result isa)increased nitrate and decreased pH. b）decreased nitrate and increased pH.c)increased ammonium and decreased pH. d) increased ammonium andincreased pH.12.Available soil nitrogen may be lost as ammonia volatilization when nitrogen is present in theammonium form anda)the soil is limed and then becomes hot and dry.b)b) the soil is limed and then becomes waterlogged.c)the ammonification process is reversed as a result of incorporating a fresh supply ofeasily decayed crop residue.d)denitrification takes place rapidly.13.The nitrogen fertilizer material that has the highest likelihood of being lost to the atmosphereas a result of surface soil reactions isa)ammonium nitrate b) urea c) ammonium sulfate d)diammoniumphosphate.14.The form of calcium absorbed by plants isa)Ca-b) Ca=c) Ca+d) Ca++15. A homeowner has a compost bin filled with oak leaves raked from their lawn last fall. Theleaves have been maintained moist and turned about twice a month, but very little composting has occurred. You expect the composting process could be speeded up bya)turning the pile more frequently to improve aeration. b) adding N fertilizer.c)adding P fertilizer d) adding K fertilizer.16.The immobility of P in soils is primarily a result of orthophosphatesa)reacting with Ca in acid soils and Fe and Al in neutral and basic soilsb)being immobilized in soil organic matterc)reacting with Fe and Al in acid soils and Ca in neutral and basic soilsd)reacting with K in acid soils and Ca in neutral and basic soils.17.The acronym ―CROPT‖ for five soil-forming factors meansa)climate, relief, organism, parent material and timeb)climate, tillage, organism, parent material and timec)climate, topography, organism, parent material and temperatured)climate, relief, organism, parent material and temperature18.The sodicity of irrigation water is evaluated by sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), the thresholdof SAR for an irrigation water is set ata) 5 b) 9 c) 11 d) 1819.Of the following cases, the least soil erosion occurs witha) continuous fallow, b) no-tillage c) typical row crop d) corn-soybean rotationyer silicate minerals are sometimes defined on the basis of the number of the octahedralpositions occupied by cations. Normally, in a trioctahedral mineral, the cation isa) Mg2+b) Al3+c) Si4+d) Mn2+III. Convert the following scientific terms into chemical symbols1) ammonium ion; 2) hydrochloric acid; 3) sulfuric acid; 4) tetravalent silicon cation; 5) ammonium nitrate; 6) gypsum; 7) calcite; 8) urea; 9) potassium chloride; 10) mono-ammonium phosphate.答案：1) NH4+, 2) HCl; 3) H2SO4; 4) Si4+; 5) NH4NO36) CaSO4.2H2O; 7) CaCO3; 8) (NH2)2CO; 9) KCl; 10) NH4H2PO4Ⅳ. Reading comprehention:AAre you doing all you can to recycle your rubbish? It only takes a minute to recycle and help reduce waste in your home as well as the costs of waste management. Here are some ideas to get you started.A Never throw away vegetable matter. Start a compost (混合肥料) bin in your garden. You'll be amazed how much this can reduce the bulk (体积) of your rubbish andit's great for the garden, too.B Don't throw used containers in the rubbish. Get into the habit of sorting them into recycling categories (class or group of things)—glass, aluminum (铝), plastics and paper.C Glass containers can be placed in the bottle banks at supermarket car parks throughout the city. Look for the big green bins. Or you can leave your bottles out for collection on Monday morning.D Aluminum cans can earn you cash so don't just throw them away—save them and save money. Ring your council to find out when they collect.E Paper is easily recycled. Weekly collections are common in most areas. Make sure you place recyclable paper in the black bins provided. Ask the council offices if you don't already have a bin. But remember, waxed paper is not accepted.F Most plastic bottles and containers can be recycled. Look on the bottom of the container for the identification (识别) code.65.The following four pictures are mentioned in .A. Item A,C,D,FB. Item A,B,D,FC. Item B,D,E,FD. Item B,C,D,E66. You can make money by saving .A. paperB. glass bottlesC. plastic bottlesD. aluminum cans67. Which of the following statements is true to the facts about waste management?A. All paper can be recycled.B. The recycling code is found on the side of plastic bottles.C. All plastic containers can't be recycled.D. You can put glass containers in the park.BAs a result of pollution, Lake Erie, on the borders of the U.S.A. and Canada, is now without many living things.Pollution in water is not simply a matter of ―poisons" killing large numbers of fish overnight. Very often the effects of pollution are not noticed for many months or years because the first organisms (生物体) to be affected are either plants or plankton (浮游生物). These organisms are the food of fish, birds, and other creatures. When this food disappears, the fish and birds die, too. In this way a whole food chain can be wiped out, and it is not until dead fish and water birds are seen at the river's edge or on the sea shore that people realize what is happening.Where do the substances which pollute the water come from? There are two main sources, sewage (污水) and industrial waste. As more detergent (洗涤剂) is used in the homes, so more of it is finally put into our rivers, lakes and seas. Detergents harm water, birds, breaking down the natural substances which keep their feathers waterproof. Sewage itself, if not properly treated, makes the water dirty and prevents all forms of life in rivers and the sea from receiving the oxygen they need. Industrial waste is even more harmful since there are many highly poisonous materials in it, such as copper and lead.So, if we want to stop this pollution, the answer is simple. Sewage and industrial waste must be made clean before flowing into the water reservoirs. It may already be too late to save some rivers and lakes, but others can still be saved if the correct action is taken at once.68. Pollution in water is noticed .A. when the first organisms are affectedB. when a great many fish and birds dieC. when poisons are poured into waterD. as soon as the balance of nature is destroyed69. The living things die because there is no in the lake or river.A. oxygenB. poisonC. waterD. fish70. What is the meaning of ―waterproof", the underlined word in the third paragraph?A. Full of water.B. Covered with water.C. Not allowing water to go through.D. Cleaned by water.71.The way to stop water pollution is .A. to put oxygen into the riverB. to realize the serious situation clearlyC. to make special room in the sea for our wasteD. to make the waste material harmlessCPart AIn 2001 the United Kingdom was hit again by foot-and-mouth disease, the first time since the 1960s, causing a national crisis. However, much of the panic and confusionwas spread largely as a result of ignorance of the disease.Foot-and-mouth is a highly contagious (传染性的) disease found in Africa, South America, Asia, the Middle East and parts of Europe. It affects cloven-footed (偶蹄) domestic animals such as cows, pigs, sheep and goats, as well as wild animals like rats and deer and zoo animals such as elephants. Horses, however, cannot contract (感染) the disease.It is very rare for humans to catch the disease. Indeed, only one case has been recorded in Great Britain and that was in 1967.Part BFoot-and-mouth disease is insidious (潜伏的) and can be spread by direct or indirect contact with infected animal. The disease can be spread in the wind, and can also be spread by people, equipment or vehicles which have been in contact with the disease.Although the authorities do not really know where this latest outbreak of the disease originated, it can enter a country in frozen meat imported from other countries where the disease is common. Unlike Mad Cow Disease (BSE) and the human equivalent CJD, foot-and-mouth has no implications (牵连) for the human food chain. Any meat, milk,cheese, and other dairy products can be consumed quite safely.Part CIt seems that the only way to contain the disease is to kill infected animals. There is no curefor the disease, and although adult animals normally recover in 2~3 weeks, they sadly remain carriers of the virus (病毒) for up to two years.From the time the disease was first reported to the time the epidemic (流行) was officially declared over, one and a half million and more domestic animals were slaughtered and large areas of the countryside were closed to the public. These areas included parks, woods and forests, and various leisure attraction situated in the countryside.65. The main purpose of writing this text is ________.A. to warn people of the danger of the diseaseB. to describe the disaster caused by the diseaseC. to share some of the facts about the diseaseD. to declare the success in control of the disease66. Foot-and-mouth disease is insidious because it is spread ________.A. by farmers and farm vehiclesB. in so many different waysC. by being carried in the airD. mainly by people who have been in contact with infected animals67. How is foot-and-mouth different from Mad Cow Disease?A. It affects the human food chain.B. People cannot consume dairy products.C. It is found in frozen meat.D. Meat is still safe to eat.68. The underlined word ―they" in Part C refers to ________.A. diseasesB. infected animalsC. adult animalsD.2~3 weeksDBiological Invasion (入侵): Rabbits, an Australian Way of Life When introduced to Australia, rabbits proved a disaster. The story is from multiple sides—from how rabbits destroyed vast zones of grazing land (畜牧场), to what natives thought, to the 1930s Depression (大萧条) when rabbits kept hungry stomachs full.Rabbits, even with human help, took some six centuries to spread throughout Britain. They spread faster than any introduced mammal (哺乳动物) anywhere. They moved 10 to 15 kilometres a year through forests and up to 130 kilometres across open country.Rabbits ate seedlings until no plants remained left. Grazing animals starved. Pasture and soil disappeared. After 1880, many rabbit-control methods were tried but nothing worked.Rabbits reached central Australia in 1894. T. Tjupurrula tells how his father saw one of the first rabbits in Pintupi country, Northern Territory, in 1908:“That yumpita's had gone into a hole. Might be dangerous one. Look-out! : Nose, whiskers big one eyes, long one ears: Alright, he's not dangerous one, he's only eating grass.”Big landowners hated rabbits. Yet many small farmers and poorer Australians, both European and natives, needed them. For the price of a cheap rifle or a few steel traps, they had an endless supply of meat for their families and skins to sell for cash. Many a kid of the Depression years remembers creeping out into the forest to trap rabbits for breakfast. Just 30 years after rabbits were introduced, governments were offering a small fortune for a way of finishing them. Many methods of rabbit control failed. Instead, Australians learned to keep out further species that might run wild. From 1940 onwards, the Commonwealth (联邦) Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) experimented with chemical and biological methods of rabbit control. Fumigation (烟熏法) seemed promising, but under pressure from land-holders, CSIRO used myxomatosis (多发性粘液瘤). It spread rapidly, killing millions of rabbits.68. During the 1930s Depression, in Australia, rabbits _______.A. were food for hungry peopleB. ate up huge areas of grazing landC. were killed for funD. made grass-eating animals starve69. Rabbits moved ________.A. more slowly in open country than in woodsB. in woods as fist as in open countryC. much faster in open country than in woodsD. slowly in woods as well as in open country70. In the 1930s Depression years, Which is NOT mentioned?A. poorer Australians could afford to buy rifles to kill rabbitsB. wealthy Australians disliked rabbits deeplyC. most kids experienced rabbit-hunting for mealsD. the rich land-holder also sold rabbit skins for money71. Ever-growing rabbits ______.A. were an only supply of skins for the poor to change for cashB. were a disaster for humans to balance natureC. can only be controlled by chemical methodsD. didn't draw the Commonwealth government's attentionEThere is much discussion today about whether economic (经济的) growth is desirable. At an earlier period, our desire for material wealth may have proved proper. Now, however, this desire for more than we need is causing serious problems. Even though we have good intentions, we may be producing too much , too fast.Those who criticize economic growth argue that we must slow down. They believe that society is coming near to certain limits on growth. These include the fixed supply of natural resources, the possible bad effects of industry on the natural environment ,and the continuing increase in the world's population. As society reaches these limits, economic growth can no longer continue, and the quality of life will decrease.People who want more economic growth, on the other hand, argue that even at the present growth rate there are still many poor people in the world. These proponents of economic growth believe that only more growth can create the capital needed to improve the quality of life in the world. Furthermore, they argue that only continued growth can provide the financial(财政的) resources required to protect out natural surroundings from industrialization.This discussion over the desirability of continued economic growth is very important to business and industry. If those who argue against economic growth are correct, the problems they mention cannot be ignored(忽视). To find an answer, economists and the business community must pay attention to these problems and continue discussing them with one another.72. According to those who argue against economic growth we must slow down for the followingreasons EXCEPT that .A. our natural surroundings are in danger of being destroyed by industryB. the fixed supply of natural resources marks a point beyond which economic growth cannotcontinueC .the world population is ever increasingD. more effects should be made to improve the quality of our material life73. The passage is mainly about .A. the importance of the discussion on economic growthB. the advantages and disadvantages of economic growthC. the present discussion on economic growthD. the relationship between economic growth and environment74. We may infer from the context the underlined word“proponents”most probably means .A. arguments in support of somethingB. disagreementsC. people who argue for somethingD. people who argue against something75. We may infer from the passage that .A. the author describes the case as it isB. the author is for economic growthC. the author is against continued economic growthD. the author is very much worried about the problems caused by continued economic growthV.Write a short paragraph in Chinese to explain the following passage. Translation is unnecessary.AWater pollution Attention for water pollution exploded in the 1980s.The oil spill of the Exxon Valdez showed many around the world just how horrible the effects of water pollution could be. However, even the Exxon Valdez spill barely touched the surface of the problem of water pollution. The ship spilt only 5%of the oil split that year, and oil is just one of many pollutants that people dump into the water every year,14 billions pounds of sewage, sludge, and garbage are dumped into the world’s oceans,19 trillion gallons waste also enter the water annually.BThe problem of protecting the environment from pollution and contamination by various types of discharges is now in the focus of attention all over the world. Together with the development of industry and transportation, and also with the growth in the assortment of chemicals, there is a continuous increase in pollution. This is a global process which has two principal aspects—pollution of the atmosphere and pollution of the aquasphere. The problem created by the continuous, accelerated pollution of the atmosphere, especially in the environment of large cities and industrial centers is extremely acute. At present hundreds of millions of tons of divers substances which are a source of harm to the health of people, plant life, and useful micro-organisems are discharged to the atmosphere. The volume of these discharges to the atmosphere is continuously increasing together with industrial growth; in the last decade the volume has doubled and in a number of large industrial cities and centers the concentration of harmful impurities is already impermissibly high and the level is dangerous for health and plant life.CEnvironmental problems are always interrelated. Sometimes a solution to one problem actually creates another problem. For example, when people are sick and dying from disease, it is natural to want to improve human health. when health is improved and infant mortality is reduced, a population explosion may result. To feed this growing population, natural habitats are often destroyed by turning them into farmland. As natural habitats are destroyed, the wild plants, predators, parasites, outbreaks of insect pests become more common. Farmers use pesticides to control the pests and protect the corps, but in the process the environment becomes polluted. The development of this entire cycle in itself consumes fossil fuel supplies that are becoming scarce. In addition, when fuels are burned, air pollutants are generated.。
染整专业英语
专业英语（染整知识）vertical organization全能工厂（指纺织印染整理联合工厂）1）化学药品：A.、无机化学药品氢氧化钠Sodium hydroxide 烧碱caustic sode碳酸钠sodium carbonate ；硅酸钠sodium silicate三磷酸钠sodium triphosphate；磷酸三钠trisodium phosphate 硫酸铜copper sulfate 海藻酸钠sodium alginatesodium次氯酸钠hypochlorite；元明粉（硫酸钠）sodium sulphate 稀硫酸dilute sulphuric acid （硫酸vitriol）醋酸acetic acid 氨ammonia；硫/二氧化硫sulfur/sulfur dioxide氯chlorine 过氧化氢hydrogen peroxide保险粉/连二亚硫酸钠sodium dithionite/hydrosulphite/vat还原反应powder/hydros reduction reaction还原reduction 蒽醌anthraquinone有机硅树脂silicone（n）染料分散剂dye-dispersing agent染色载体dye-carrier 重铬酸盐dichromate盐水（n）brine；食盐dairy salt NaCL sodium chloride AgCL silver nitrate / slivə,nаitrei / Fe iron /áiən / Cr chromium /”krəumiəm/Ni nickel NaHCO3 bakingsoda B、有机化学药品淀粉starchC、印染助剂淀粉酶amylase 果胶酶pectase/pectinase洗涤剂detergent；乳化剂emulsifier润湿剂wetting agent 退浆剂desizing agent；阳离子型柔软剂cationic softener （浆料size/fillings、退浆desizing）抑制剂、缓染剂retarding agent 荧光增白剂optical brightener/fluorescent bleaching agent 催化剂catalyst 百里酚thymol百里酚蓝thymol blue 百里酚酞thymolphthalein螯合的、螯合物chelate 固色剂dye-fixing agent消泡剂anti-foaming agent/defoamant 金属螯合剂metal-sequestering agentPH指示剂hydrogen ion indicator 碘值iodine number/iodine value(涂料用)粘合剂adhesive（n.）bonding agent 粘合剂、接合剂binding agent软水剂water conditioner 氧化剂oxidant/oxidizing agent 润滑剂lubrieant（n）D、染料2）工艺：suture 缝线、接缝、针脚；covered seam包边缝；diawing stitch平整缝合（边与边不重叠）；singeing/gassing 烧毛；steeping in enzyme preparation 酶退浆工艺；desizing退浆；damp dry 半干，带潮；damping/dewing给湿、喷雾；end stitching坯布缝头；scouring煮练；bleaching 漂白；chemic ，chemick 漂液（次氯酸钙或次氯酸钠常溶液）；mercerizing 丝光（工艺）；mercerization 丝光（作用）；pad轧染；tenter 拉幅（V）；stentering 拉幅（工艺）；pre-shrinking（n）预缩；shrink-resistant finish 防缩整理；varnishing 涂蜡、上蜡；loaded/loading增重；napping（n）拉绒；soil-release finish易去污整理；fluorochemical含氟化合物；baking/curing（高温）焙烘；heat setting 热定型；brushed 磨毛；thermosol dyeing/pad-bake dyeing 热熔染色；texturizing finishes 织物变形（指组织）整理；calender finish 轧光整理；stiffening finish 硬挺整理；antislip finish 防滑移整理；waterproof finish 防水整理；antiseptic finish 防腐整理；bacteriostatic finish抗菌整理；moth-resistant finish 防蛀整理；anti-stain/antisoiling finish 防污整理；cold fix method （活性染料）冷固色法；pad-batch cold dyeing冷堆染色；3）染料：disperse dye 分散染料；vat dye 还原染料；reactive dye 活性染料；pigment 涂料、颜料；sulfur dye硫化染料cationic dye阳离子染料；azoic dye不溶性偶氮染料；naphthol dye纳夫妥染料；copper phthalocyanine 铜酞菁；ternary/tertiary colours 三拼色；dispersable vat dyes分散型还原染料（指超细粉型，可与分散染料同浴染色）；suspension 悬浮体（n..）；leuco-compound隐色体（n..）vinyl-sulfone reactive dyes 乙烯砜型活性染料；compatible dyes配伍性染料；luminescent dyes荧光染料；4）设备：entering arrangment进布装置；donkey stitching machine 坯布缝头机cloth feeder探边器；clothing sheet针板dosing system计量、加料系统chain-stitch 链式针迹（缝制）；singeing frame烧毛机；roller singer 圆筒烧毛机；gas singer煤气烧毛机；quench box灭火槽；boil-out 煮练；steam chamber 汽蒸室；steam cottage 蒸箱；vat、trough 槽；chassis（轧染机）轧液槽；cylinder圆筒；drying cylinder烘筒、烘缸；clamp/clip 布铗；drum 滚筒；jigger（jig）（n）卷染机；pressure dyeing machine 高压染色机；thermosol range热熔染色联合机；thermo-hotflue热风式定型机；clip（tenter frame）stenter 布铗拉幅机；chain mercerizer 布铗丝光机；chainless padless mercerizing range 直辊丝光机；circulation tank 回流槽；pin tenter frame 针板拉幅机；（slit）gas burners（狭缝）煤气火口；batching roller 卷边辊；guiding roller导布辊；spreading roller /equalizer roll扩幅辊；applicator roller 给液辊；bowed roller弯辊（弧形辊）；dance roller 张力调节辊、升降辊；slow motion 减速装置；sluice line 冲洗管路（排放路线）throttle valve 节汽（流）、减压阀；wince（winch）六角盘；worm 蜗杆、盘香管；bearing轴承；drain valve疏水阀；barometer气压计（表）ball mill球磨机；baking stove /curing machine焙烘/焙固机；cistern贮液槽；header box 高位槽；slicking-in roller 压辊；slipping clutch 摩擦离合器；sling hygrometer，sling psychrometer手旋（干湿球）湿度计；infra-red 红外线；padding mangle（padder）浸轧机（轧车）；mangling roller 轧辊；nip（轧辊的）轧点；strain roll 张力辊、松紧辊；covered rolls（包覆）橡胶辊；thermo-hygrograph温度湿度记录器；baro-thermo-hygrograph 气压-温度-湿度仪；dasher叶片式搅拌器；metering pump计量泵；calendaring machine 轧光机；oven（n）烘箱；air-supply line 进风管、进风道；centring adjustment 对中装置5）专业术语：conversion（印染术语）印染加工，转化、转化率；deferred cure/delayed-cure后焙烘、延迟焙烘；density 比重、浓度；dissolvability溶解度；double thread-up（平洗槽）回形穿布down-time停台时间size loading/size-pick-up上浆率；size mixture混合浆料；stitch-out 绗缝；emulsify 乳化（v）emulsification （n）乳化（作用）；cross section横截面slop padding浸轧（工艺）；solubillity溶解度；overfeed/superfeed 超喂（n.）crystallinity 结晶度auxiliary（n）助剂non-ioni（a）非离子的；anionic（a.）阴离子的；cation阳离子；union dyeing 混纺交织物染色；tension 张力；pleating褶裥；crease retention 褶裥保持性、折缝耐久性barium number（丝光）钡值；gloss（丝光表面）光泽；dyeing formula染色配（处）方；dye yield得色量；level dyeing匀染、均匀染色；loading port进布口；nerve 回缩性、（弹性）复原性；dye uptake吸色率、上染率；affinity for dyestuffs染料亲和力setting zone定型区；curing（n）焙烘、焙固；fiber breakage纤维断裂；steam fixation汽蒸固色；strength of a dye 染料力分；delivery seal 出布处封口；chromatic difference色差；chromatograph色谱仪、色层分离仪；chromophore发色团、生色基（染料的组成部分）；colour bodies 发色体；bleed（v.）渗色；one-bath process一浴法；two-bath process两浴法；liquor ratio 浴比、液比；liquor level 液位；water lute水（液）封；water lock（seal）水封口；tension张力；stress应力；alkali reclaim 碱液回收；hydro-extracted 脱水；specific mass 密度；spectrophotometer分光光度计；super-heated steam 过热蒸汽；reproducibility（n）重现性；drapability/draping悬垂性；capillary attraction毛细管效应；viscosity （n）粘度；humidity（n）湿度；slippage（n）经纬滑动；surface active agent/surfactant表面活性剂nondurable（a）不耐久的semidurable（a）半耐久的morphological structure 形态结构；feeding ratio补液比（开始轧槽浓度与补充液浓度之比）；formula（染整）工艺计划、工艺处方；processing parameter工艺参数；6)纤维与织物：drilling斜纹布、卡其；raw cotton 原棉；unbleached material坯布；linen 亚麻布、亚麻纱线；flax 亚麻；ramie 苎麻；cellulose 纤维素swansdown twill（crow-twill）三上一下斜纹织物tabby /plain weave 平纹union混纺（交织）织物；pectic products 果胶物pectin 果胶质Polypropylene 聚丙烯（n.）polyester 涤纶nylon/polyamide（尼龙）锦纶；rayon人棉；viscose fibre 粘胶纤维spandex/elastic/strec/lycra/urethane elastic fiber 氨纶（弹力/莱卡）；spun 短纤；mineral substances 矿物质；blends混纺纱；viscose rayor粘胶人造丝；rayon staple粘胶短纤维；tweel（n）斜纹；poplin 府绸；waling to right（left）右（左）斜纹；width in reed 筘幅；core-spun spandex 包芯氨纶丝（纱）cover type elastic yarn 包覆弹力纱；cotton stretch弹力棉织物；cotton warp linen 棉麻交织物；druid 棉帆布；duck帆布、粗布；duvetyn 起绒织物；suede cloth 仿皮织物；flannelette（n）绒布；cords 灯芯绒裤；corduroy灯芯绒；cross twill weave 破斜纹组织；cross twist S捻、顺手捻7）成品与包装tailings/end fent 短码布/头子布；batching machine/（mechanism）/（cloth rolling machine）卷布机（装置）；cloth inspecting /（or looking）machine验布机；conette小纸管；cop tube纸管；cut across（疵布）开匹、开剪cut looker 验布工；cloth press 打包机；hooker码布机；length of cut匹长；rank score评分、评级；8）测试和检验：seam fraying 接缝处的纱线滑移；count支数、号数、织物经纬密度；taper line gratings/thread counter （经纬）密度镜；tentering of weft整纬；thermotank 恒温箱；thermo tester耐升华牢度试验仪；colour dispensary 配色间、染料间；constant air conditioning/constant temperature and humidity恒温恒湿；dead match 与来样完全符合（指染色）；drawn sample抽样；off colour对不上样，色差；颜色走样；off shade 色差（尤指染色织物的边中前后色差）9）疵点（fault）：slack end/slack warp 松经（织疵）slack list 松边（织疵）slime spots浆斑slub/slugs/nubs /thickened roving粗节/纱的粗节，糙粒（疵点）；nicked yarn竹节纱（棉纱疵点）；soft sides 烂纱、断经—（thread out断、缺经）stripe横档、条子taped filling多纬taut pick 紧纬tie-back吊经/松紧条痕；tight end /（filling）吊经（纬）、紧经（纬）、急经（纬）；blotchy斑污（渍）；thin pick细纬；dragging纬斜；unever bleaching 漂白不匀；unever bottoming打底不匀；unever developing显色不匀；sloughed filling/sloughed-off weft脱纬，塌纡（织疵）；small warp ends （织物）经密不足；snow ball起球（织疵）；streaky dyeing 色柳、染色条花；dyeing defect色花（染疵）；teardrop，teariness 纬斜；torn list破边；torn selvedge拉破边（整理疵）；crease mark （前处理绳状产生的）折痕；listing 边色深浅；tailing（n）/ending头尾色差/前后色差；streakiness（n）条痕、条花；levelness（n）匀染性；two-sidedness（n）阴阳面；burl mark修补痕（织疵）；cracked dent筘路、筘痕；chalkiness失光，光泽黯淡发白（印染疵点）cobbing （染疵）织物回修；cockle，cockel（织物）不均匀皱纹；drain mark水渍、水印（印疵）；flyings飞花、飞毛；heterogeneous yarn异形纤；irregularity of singeing烧毛不匀；nep棉结、白星、麻粒、麻结；2004年11月6日。
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1. Examining for gray goods 原布检验
Specification
规格
Length 长度 Width 宽度 Warp and weft density 经纬密度 Strength 强度
Quality
质量 Broken end 断头 Cut weft 断纬 Skips 跳纱 Nep 棉结 Oil-stained yarn 油污 Reed mark 筘路
Stable under acidic conditions and unstable in alkaline medium 酸性环境下稳定，碱性媒介 下比较活跃
H2O2 过氧化氢 =双氧水
Bleaching with Sodium chlorine 亚氯酸钠 Natural fibres
NaClO2 亚氯酸钠
• 肉在太阳下放了一些时候後开始腐败。
• If you want to decompose an organic compound, apply heat. • 如果你想分解一个有机化合物,加热即可。
Language points 语法点
• A stabilizer is vital in peroxide bleaching 过氧
Language points 语法点
• In natural state 自然状态下 • State n. 状态，情形 • In … state = in the state of …
• She was in a terrible state when we arrived. 我
们抵达时, 她情绪很不好.
2.3 text Scouring 练漂
• what are the scouring processing?
2.3 text Scouring 练漂
Washing process 练漂工序
Degumming of silk 丝的脱胶
Kier boiling of cotton 棉的煮练
Scouring of wool 羊毛的练漂
• • • • •ing obtain impurities rope form bleaching agents thoroughly caustic soda unstable Electrolysis saturate medium
Steeping and pressing of the caustic soda solution 以烧碱溶液浸轧 • Steaming 蒸汽 • Washing 洗涤
复习 review
• • • • • • • • • Examining for gray goods Cloth turning Marking / stamping Sewing Singeing Specification Length Width Warp and weft density • • • • • • • • • 烧毛 翻布 规格 宽度 记号 缝头 经纬密度 原布检验 长度
Two types：1. kiering 漂煮 2. continuous steaming 连续汽蒸
Kiering 漂煮
Kier 漂煮锅
1.5 % caustic soda 烧碱溶液 + 0.25% pine oil soap 松油皂液
Kier liquor 漂煮液
Continuous steaming 连续汽蒸
synthetic fibres
Acylic， polyester， nylon…
Bleaching process 漂白流程
fabrics In rope or open-width form 绳状或平幅状
1. Saturate the cloth with the bleaching agent 织物浸透漂白剂 2. raise the temperature; hold the time 控制温度和时间 3. thoroughly wash and dry the cloth 彻底清洗加烘干
酶，酵素
2. Alkali desizing 碱退浆 Hot Sodium hydroxide 热氢氧化钠
Cotton/ cotton blends 棉/ 混棉
3. Acid desizing 酸退浆 Sulphuric acid 硫酸 Cotton 棉
Alkali desizing 碱退浆 Acid desizing 酸退浆
Review 复习
• • • • • • • • bleaching 漂白 impurities 杂质 obtain 获得 bleaching agents 漂白剂 Hydrogen peroxide 过氧化氢 Sodium hypochlorite 次氯酸钠 Sodium chlorite 亚氯酸钠 Sodium perborate 过硼酸钠 • • • • • • • • Electrolysis 电解 caustic soda 烧碱 unstable 不稳定 saturate 浸透 thoroughly 彻底地 medium 媒介 rope form 绳状 open-width form 平 幅状
5. Singeing 烧毛
将纱线或织物迅速通过火焰或在炽热的金 属表面擦过，烧去表面茸毛的工艺过程。
Singeing machines 烧毛机
Plate singer 铜板烧毛机
Revolving-roller singer 圆筒烧毛机
Gas singer 气体烧毛机
Most commonly used 应用最广泛
• desizing
退浆
desizing 退浆
sizing 上浆
de - 前缀 表示否定，除去的意思
Text 2.2 Desizing 退浆
Sizing 上浆
Protective coating 保护层
Desizing 退浆
Dye absorption 染料吸收
definition 定义
• desizing is the process of removing the sizing materials from the warp yarn in fabrics.
退浆是指去除织物经纱上残留的浆料的过 程。
think about
1. how many ways do we apply in desizing process? 2. what are they?
Desizing 退浆
1. Enzyme desizing 酵素退浆 淀粉 Fabrics that contains starch are usually desized with enzymes.
• The house was in a dirty state. 那房子很脏.
Language points 语法点
• Decompose v.分解, 腐烂 反义，否定 De Compose 组成 • The meat begin to decompose after some time in the sun.
Bleaching with Sodium hypochlorite 次氯酸钠 Electrolysis of brine 盐水电解 Dissolve chlorite in a solution of caustic soda 氯溶解于烧碱中
NaClO 次氯酸钠
Bleaching with Hydrogen peroxide 过氧化氢
染料
Bleaching agents 漂白剂
Type of fibre present
Chemicals in bleaching agents
Hydrogen peroxide 过氧化氢 （双氧水） Sodium hypochlorite 次氯酸钠 Sodium chlorite 亚氯酸钠 Sodium perborate 过硼酸钠
4. Sewing 缝头
1. Why should we sew the gray cloth??? 2. what means of sewing is used in this process??? And why??? (P.37)
5. Singeing 烧毛
湿纺准备阶段最后一步 • The last operation before wet chemical processes 印染准备工序的第一步 • The first operation of the preparatory processes necessary for dyeing or printing
Chapter 2 pre-treatment 前处理
Text 2.1 preparation before wet pretreatment 准备阶段
Preparation process 准备工作
原布，坯布
• • • • •
1. Examining for gray goods 原布检验 2. Cloth turning 翻布 3. Marking / stamping 记号，标记 4. Sewing 缝头 5. Singeing 烧毛
Text 2.2 Desizing 退浆
• singeing
烧毛 the last operation of preparations before chemical processes 前处理准备阶段的最后一步 the first operation of preparatory processes necessary for dyeing and printing 染色和印花的准备阶段第一步
化物漂白过程中，稳定剂至关重要
• Vital a.生死悠关的，极其重要的； • a vital clue to the killer's identity 有关杀人犯身