英语词汇学课后题原题及答案整理缩印版

下列定义所表示的名称:
1.a minimum unit of meaning :(morpheme)
2.a morpheme to which affixescan be added : (root)
3.a linguistic form that can occur as an independent word: (free form)
4.a morpheme that must occur with at least one other morpheme: (bound form)
5.a bound morpheme attached to a base (root or stem): (affix)
6.an affix attached to the beginning of a base (root or stem ): (prefix)
7.an affix attached to the end of a base (root or stem) : (suffix)
8.an affix (in English,usually a suffix) that changes the form of a word without changing its part of speech or basic meaning: (inflectional affix)
9.the process by which noninfectional affixes are added to roots to form words: (derivation)
10.the process of joining together two linguistic forms which can function independently : (compounding)
各组单词中共同的粘着词根、其词源及语义:
1.acoustic,acoustical,acoumeter,acoustician,acoustics,acouphone:(acou-听,GK)
2aerodomestics,erodrome,erodynamic,aerofoil,aerogramme,aerolite,aerography,aeronauti cs,aerophysics,aeroplane,aerosphere: (aero-空气GK)
3.agenda,agent,agile, active,actor,actual,enact,inactive,transact,interact,react:(ag-,ac-做L)
4.agrarian,agricultural,agriculture,agrimotor,agrobiology,agrochemical,agrology,agronom ic,agronomy,agrostology,agrotechnique,agrotechny,agrotown,agrotype: (agr-土地L)
5.altimeter,altimetry,altitude,alto,exalt,contralto: (alt-高L)
6.amateur,amatory,amiable,amicable,amorous,enamoured,unamiable:(am-,amor-爱L)
7.Ample,ampleness,amply,amplidyne,amplification,amplifier,amplify,amplitude,radioam plifier: (ampl-充足L)
8.annals,annual,perennial,centennial,annuity,biennial: (ann-年L)
9anthropology,philanthropist,misanthropical,anthropotomy,anthropogeneses,anthropogra phy,anthropophagus: (anthrop- 人类GK)
10aqualung,aquanaut,aquaplane,aquanelle,aquarium,aquatic,aqueous,aquiculture,aquosity ,subaquatic,subaqueous,terraqueous,aqueduct: (aqu-水L)
11archangel,archbishop,arch-criminal,archdeacon,archdiocese,archenemy,archfiend: (arch- 首要GK)
12asterisk,asterism,asteroid,astrodome,astrodynamics,astrograph,astrologer,astrology,astr onautics,astronavigation,astronomer,astronomy: (astr- 星GK)
13atmosphere,atmolysis,atmometer,atmeter,atmoseal,atmospherics:(atmo-气体GK)
14audible,audibility,inaudible,audience,audiology,audio-visual,audiometer,audiophile,aud iophile,audition,auditor,auditorium: (aud- 听L)
15atoalarm,autobiographer,autoboat,autobus,autochrome,autoclave,autocrat,autograph,au toinfection,automate,automatic,automation,automobile,autonomy,autotruck,autotype: (auto- 自己GK)
16barodynamics,barogram,barograph,barometric,barothermograph:(bar-压力GK)
17bathymeter,bathymetric,bathysphere,bathythermograph:(bathy-深海的GK)
18Bible,bibliofilm,bibliography,bibliology,bibliolater,bibliomania,bibliophile,bibliophilis m,bibliopole,bibliotheca,bibliotic,bibliotist: (biblio- 书籍GK)
19bioassay,biocatalyst,biochemistry,biocide,bioclean,bioclimatic,bioclimatolgy,bioelectri city,biology,biogeneses,biogenic,biogeography,biography,biometerology,bionics,bioscope ,biosyntheses,biotic: (bio- 生命GK)
20.Breve,breviary,brevirostrate,brevity,brief,abbreviate,abridge: (bre- 简短L)
用否定前缀in-(及其变体),non-,un-构成下列单词的反义词:mature:im regular:ir considerate:in noble:in contentious:non legitimate:il metal:non passive:im ferrous:non accuracy:in endurable:un variance:in inductive: non legible:il reasonable:un rational:ir scrupulous:un staple: non balance:im legalize:il
写出下列单词中前缀的意义:antecedent: before byproduct: near apocope: off enclose: in endobiotic: inside epitaph: outside expire: out foretell: before hypocrite: beneath include: in infrared: under intercede: between: intramural: within introspect: into outbid: exceeding overwork: beyond postgraduate: after precede: before proceed: forward retrospect:back subscribe: below superman: above supramundane: beyond transmit: across ultraconservatism: extreme
以所列的单词为第一个成分,根据定义写出复合名词
(A)green: 1.a stretch of land,round a town,where building is not allowed,so that fields woods,etc,remain:greenbelt 2.a shop-keeper who sells vegetables and fruit:greengrocer
3.a young,inexperienced person,especially male,who is easily cheated: greenhorn
4.a room in a theatre or concert hall where actors musicians,etc.,can rest when not performing :greenroom
(B)hand: 1.a small bag for a woman to carry her money and personal things in: handbag
2.a short book giving all the most important information about a subject: handbook
3.an apparatus that stops a vehicle,worked by the driver’s hand: handbreak
4.a bar of wood or metal fixed beside a place where one walks for holding onto,especially near stairs: handrail
(C)after:１.The care or treatment to someone after a period in hospital,prison,etc: aftercare 2.an effect (usually unpleasant) that follows some time after the cause or after the main effect: aftereffect 3.a taste that stays in the mouth after the food that caused it in no longer there : aftertaste 4.an idea that comes later: afterthought (D)sleeping: １a large thick envelope or bag of warm material for sleeping in when camping:sleeping bag ２a railway carriage with beds for passengers:sleeping car
３a pill which helps a person to sleep:sleeping pill
４.a partner in a business who takes no active part in its operation: sleeping partner (E) running :1. a person with whom another is running for a pair of political positions of greater or less importance,especially those of President and vice-Prisident: running mate 2. handwriting in which the letters are slanted and the words formed without lifting the pen : running hand 3.a headline repeated on consecutive pages (as of a book):running head 4.a footboard especially at the side of an automobile: running board
(F)wash: 1.a large fixed basin for water for washing one’s hands and face: washbasin
2.a movable board with a wavy surface against which clothes may be rubbed when washing: washboard
3.a woman whose job is to wash clothes,often in her own home:washerwoman
4.a cloth that is used for washing one’s face and body : washcloth (G)sun:1.the condition of having sore skin after experiencing the effects of strong sunlight:sunburn 2a flash of sunlight,especially through a break in clouds: sunburst
3.the time when the sun is seen to disappear as night begins:sunset
4.strong sunlight,as when there are no clouds:sunshine
(H)break:1.aa sudden failure in operation:breakdown
2.the unlawful cantering of a building,using force : break-in
3.the action of forcing a way through the enemy: breakthrough
4.a division int smaller parts:breakup
(I)out:1.sudden appearance or beginning of something bad:outbreak
2.a public show of anger:outcry
3.money spent for a purpose :outlay
4.a way through which something (usually a liquid or a gas )may go out: outlet
将下列复合动词译成汉语
Blue-pencil:修改,校正cold-shoulder:冷淡
court-martial:对...进行军法审判Handcuff:将...上手铐
pitch-fork:骤然；把...塞进sandbag:用沙袋阻塞
Shipwreck:船只失事short-circuit:使短路
snowball:(滚雪球似的)增长Wisecrack:说俏皮话
找出下列句子中由名词转化的动词(答案为黑体字的原形)
1.A shy,frightened child…”Name the Czar of Russia”
2.At once the villagers formed a circle…
3.Agamermnon with the rest of the Greek army sailed away..
4.Almost before the Trojans could arm themselves..
5.I began to see… would expect a large purse stuffed with..
6.A few years ago the landlady locked the front
7.An upstairs…,questioned the men and …
8.The children headed toward school…
9.Like the…,branching out…
10.An hour went by and darkness still shrouded…
11.They boarded boats
12.The day-to-day…hard to measure,
13.,smog results
14.There are a few success stories in battling air…
15.Pollution can be trapped before
16.If nations traded item
17.She’s the one who’s sapped your confidence.
18.…,fairly well dressed but
19.The young… by pocketing the money.
20.But the preparation … to flake off even…
形容词转动词(答案为黑体字的原形)
1.Calming d own,…
2.Such was Pompeii … has been cleared away.
3.Houses and clothes must be cleaned more frequently
4.…”helped raise the standard of living and lower the standard of air”
5.…There his father opened a business…
6.The Academy of Science was closed to him
7.…to rise are cooled and…
8.He emptied out…
9.…,and it took half an hour to free him
10.The wet clothes will soon dry in the sun.
动词转名词(答案为黑体字的原形)
1.Why is thisenormous increase in population …to the spread of the …
2.…came to the aid of the surgeon…
3.I know my friends from the feel of their faces.
4.…personalities by touch
5.…,between serves
6.…of his slow grins
7.…an appealing look.
8.…has given rise to these…
9.…as if it were a chew of tobacco.
10.…get rid of Rex.
写出下列报刊标题中使用的截短词的全称
auto workers end strike.(automobile)
2.Soviet sub off Japan.(submarine)
3.Palestinian demos mark massacres.(demonstrations)
:first use of nuke weapons not unlawful.(nuclear)
5.Viet troops suffer setback in Kampuchea.(Vietnamese)
6.Iran asks for into on stolen gems.(information)
7.Petrochemical Corp builds 42 banks.(corporation)
8.Rural-credit co-ops to get more autonomy.(cooperatives)
9.W Europe acts to meet high-tech challenge.(high-technology)
10.Setback for governing parties in Euro vote.(European)
写出下列首字母拼音词的全称并译成汉语
1.AIM: Air Intercept Missile 空中截击导弹
2.BADGE: Base Air Defence Ground Environment 基地防空地面警备系统
3.BAR: Browning Automatic Rifle 勃朗宁自动步枪
4.CAR: Civil Air Regulations 民航条例
5.CORE: Congress of Racial Equality 争取权平等大会
6.DOP: developing-out paper 相纸
7.FIA T: Fabbrica Italiana Automobili 菲亚特汽车公司
8.MAP: Military Aid Program 军事援助计划
9.MOSS: manned orbital space station 在人轨道空站
10.MOUSE: minimum orbital unmanned satellite the earth 不载人的最小地
球卫星
11.NANA: North America Newspaper Alliance 北美报业联盟
12.NA TO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization 北大西洋公约组织
13.OPEC;Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries石油输出国组织
14.SALT: Strategic Arms Limitation Talks限制战略武器会谈
15.SAM: surface-to-air missile 地对空导弹
16.SEA TO: Southeast Asia Treaty Organizaion 东南亚条约组织
17.SHAPE: Supreme Head quarters of Allied Powers in Europe 欧洲盟军最
高司令部
18.UFO :Unidentified Flying Object 不明飞行物
19.Vera: Vision electronic recording apparatus 电子录像机
20.Zip: Zone improvement plan 邮政编码制度
写出下列复合动词是什么词逆生而来
1.globe-trot:globe-trotter
2..brainwash:brainwashing
3.ghost-write:ghost-writer
4.sleep-walk:sleep-walker
5.spoon-feed:spoon-fed
6.air-condition:air-conditioning
7.book-keep:book-keeper 8.browbeat:browbeating
9..caretake:caretaker 10.gatecrash:gatecrasher
11.housebreak:housebreaker 12.housekeep:housekeeper
13.mass-produce:mass-production 14.muckrake:muckraker
15.proof-read:proof-reading 16.sightsee:sightseeing
17.stage-manage:stage-manager 18.merry-make:merry-making
19.street-walk:street-walker 20.window-shop:window-shopping
下列概念意义可以用什么英语单词确切的表达出来:
A.1.to walk laboriously,with effort:pold,trudge
2.to walk like a duck:waddle
3.to walk in a pompous or affected manner:struct
4.to slide and drag the feet:stagger
5.to walk in a loose,ungainly way:slouch
6.to walk with long steps:stride
7.to walk affectedly with short steps:mince
8.to walk slowly,wasting time:dawdle
9.to walk as if wearing slippers:shuffle
10.to walk in a busy,active way:hustle
B.1.to speak in a slow,prolonged manner:drawl
2.to make involuntary breaks in utterance:stammer
3.to express displeasure with compressed lips:mutter
4.to talk rapidly,making inarticulate sounds:gabble
5.to pronounce the sibilant letter imperfectly:lisp
6.to have a friendly talk about family things:chat,yarn
7.to spread idle gossipe:tattle
8.to talk on and an about trifling,childish things:prattle
9.to speak with contempt:sneer
10.to speak fanatically:rave
根据下列动物的属性,指出他们的象征意义:
1.ant:frugality and provision
2.ape:uncleanness,malice,lust
3.bat:blindness
4.bear:ill—temper
5.bee:industey
6.bull:strength
7.calf:lumpshness 8.camel:submission
9.cat:deceit 10.cock:vigilance
11.crocodile:hypocrisy 12.crow:longevity
13.dog:fidelity 14.dove:innocence
15.eagle:majesty 16.elephant:sagacity
17fly:feebleness 18.fox:cunning
19goose:conceit 20.hare:timidity
下列名词都来自古英语,写出与下列名词对应的源拉丁语的形容词:
1.brother:fraternal
2.Cat:feline
3.child:puerile
4.daughter:filial
5.day:diurnal
6.dog:canine
7.ear:auricular 8.earth:terrestrial 9.egg:oval
10.eye:ocular 11.father:paternal 12.fire:igneous
13.foe:hostile 14.fox:vulpine 15.friend:amicable
16.hand:manual 17.head:capital 18.heart:cordial
19.heaven:celestial 20.horse:equine 21.husband:marital
22.kidney:renal 23.knight:equestrian 24.life:vital
25.light:lucid 26.lip:labial 27.man:human
k:lactic 29.mind:mental 30.moon:lunar
31.mother:maternal 32.mouth:oral :nominal
34.night:nocturnal 35.nose:nasal 36.ox:bovine
37.room:spacious 38.sea:marine 39. sheep:ovine
40.sight:visible 41.skin:cutaneous 42.son:filial
43.spring:vernal 44.stream:fluvial 45.star:stellar
46.sun:solar 47.time:temporal 48.tongue:lingual
49.tooth:dental 50.town:urban 51.tree:arboreal
52.truth:veracious 53.war:bellicose 54.water:aqueous
55.wife:conjugal 56.world:mundane 57.worm:vermicular
58.woman:feminine 59.youth:juvenile 60.book:literaey
选择适当的单词填入句子
1.He waited with( bated) breath.
2.The brother and sister are both (blondes).
3.There is a (break)in the clouds.
4.Her (bridal) grown was trimmed with lace.
5.A (pedal) of the bicycle fell off.
6.Cromwell (reigned) over England like a king.
7.The wreckers began to (raze) the building.
8.Although we watched carefully,the guard remained (stationary) for one hour.
9.Edgar cannot sail until he has a full (complement) of men for his
crew,and …..
10.Eric was a tireless scholar,he would (pore)over his books without a break
until….
将下列各组词分别填入句子
A 1 .John’nature was so (sanguine) that we all felt cheered up….
2. The battle was so (sanguinary) that hardly a combatant …...
B 1. We could not have a worse judge than the one we had,he was
completely (uninterested) in the case and …..
2. We could not have a better judge than Judge Blandford; he was
friendly,knowledgeable,and above all completely (disinterested).
C 1. Although we played them on even terms for the first half,the second half
was a (rout). 2. To get to our cottage you follow (route)….
D 1. The (official) in charge of the game…
2. Time was so (officious)in his new job…..
E 1. The dress was made of synthetic ( material).
2. The general needs more troops and (materiel).
F 1. The (moral) of the story….
2. The (morale) of our troops is high.
G 1. All men are (fallible).
2.The argument,convincing ……..to be (fallacious).
H 1. Some say Shakespeare takes (precedence) over all ….
2. There was no (precedent)for the granting of a ….
I 1. John,who was sulle n and (taciturn) by nature,found that ….
2. They arrived at a (tacit) agreement.
J 1.The building plans are (impracticable).
2.My husband …..,but he is so (unpractical)that he cannot …
用英语解释下列句子中help 及其派生词的意义
1.If you want to lose some weight,Jim,you must start avoiding second helpings.(second
servings)
2.“God help me !”he murmured…..(protest)
3.He gave us a helping hand when we were in trouble.(i.e.he helped us)
4. Yes,I know he’s a rascal,but I can’t help liking him.( i.e.I can’t but like him)
5.Did you have any help from anyone with …..(assistance)
6.Don’t be away longer than you can help.(avoid)
7.I do think you could have been a bit more helpful .(ready or willing to assist)
8.“Help!Help! I’m drowning !”(Save me)
9.I am very sorry but I can’t help it .( i.e.I can’t do otherwise)
10. Can I help you in any way ?(assist you)
11. We are a bit hard up this month,my dear,so don’t spend more than you can
help .(avoid)
12. Give me only a very small helping,please.(serving)
13. I’m telling you the truth,so help me God!( i.e.May God punish me if I am not ！)
14.We’re awfully sorry that we were giggling –but we couldn’t help it .( i.e.do anything to
stop it )
15.Would you help me to carry this suitcase,please?(assist)
16.Would you help me to some potatoes,please ?( i.e.serve me with)
17.Your liver is not in a very good condition …….if I could help it .(avoid)
18.Your presence was extremely helpful,…(i.e.it gave great assistance)
19.The helping you gave me would have fed a football team !(serving)
20.The whisky is on the table…Help yourself.( i.e.Take what you want,when you want it )
写出下列各组同义词的共同基本意义
1Sorrow,grief,anguish …..(distress of mind )
2Bad,evil,wicked,…(not ethically acceptable )
3Regard,respect ,esteem …(to recognize the worth of a person or thing )
4Disprove,refute, confute…(to show or try to show by presenting evidence thar something
is not true)
5.Incline,bias,dispose …(to influence one to have or take an attitude toward something )
6.Level,flat,plane …(having a surface without bends,curves or irregularities )
7.Generous,liberal,liberate,….(giving freely and unstingily)
8.Free,release,liberate, …(to loose from constraint or restraint )
9.Frank,candid,open…(show willingness to say what one things or feels)
10Envious,jealous (begrudging another’s possession of something )
11Assert,declare,affirm,protest …(to state or put forward positively,usually in
anticipation of or in the face denial or objection )
12. Aggressive,militant,assertive…(conspicuously or obtrusively active or energetic )
13.Agile,polite….(acting or moving with easy alacrity)
14.Civil,polite,gallant …(observant of forms required by good breeding )
15.V ociferous,clamorous,blatant,…(so loud or insistent as to compel attention)
16.Bear,suffer,endure …(to put up with something trying or painful )
17.Decrease,lessen,diminish…(to grow or make less )
18.Heritage,inheritance,patrimony…(something received from a parent or
predecessor)
19.Keep retain,detain ..(to hold in one’s possession or under one’s control)
20.Bare,naked nude …(deprived of naturally or conventionally appropriate covering)
指出并改正误用词语
1.The convict paced within the ….(confound) 应改为(confines)
2.I remember the name,but …..(replace )…(recall)
3.His antisocial behaviour results from lack of…..(formidable)… (formative)
4.When I grow up I want to be a…..(pronouncer)…(announcer)
5.He left enough leave-way for ….(leave-way)…(leeway)
6.The flagrance of her….(flagrance)…(fragrance)
7.I found the Oriental dishes….(palpable) …(palatable)
8.The corpse had been so dissected over….(dissected)…(dislocated)
9.The colonel’s appearance was so marital with….(marital )…(martial)
10.Our elementary needs were planned for…..(elementary)..(alimentary)
11.It is hoped that this course will enlarge….(perimeter)…(parameter)
12.If we look long enough in this material we…(statue)…(statute)
13.He desserted his friends just wh en they needed him .(desserted)…(deserted)
14.Kurt had been innocuous against influenza,but he….(innocuous)…(inoculated)
15.Eric was so ingenuous about household….(ingenuous)..(ingenious)
16.The dinosaurs may have been unable to adopt…(adopt)…(adapt)
17.After their brief alteration they shook hands,…(alteration )..(altercation)
18.The game came to a climatic finish with …(climatic)…(climactic)
19.The mountain lions are all extant in the mountains; not….(extant)…(extinct)
20.Mother’s dreams were irreverent to the …(irreverent)..(irrelevant)
用否定前缀写出下列单词的反义词
1arm:disarm 2.honour:dishonor 3.join:disjoin 4.legible:illegible
5.legitimate:illegitimate
6.mature:immature
7.moderate:immoderate
8.fertile:infertile
9.sanitary:insanitary 10.resolute:irresolute 11.reverent:irreverent 12.trust:mistrust
13.fit:misfit 14.understand:misunderstand 15.adjacent:nonadjacent
16.existence:nonexistence 17.alliance:non-alliance 18.conscious:unconscious
19.intelligence:unintelligent 20.symmetrical:unsymmetrical
找出下列各组同义词相应的反义词
A1.fast(slow) 2.rapid(leisurely) 3quick(sluggish) 4.hasty (deliberate) 5.speedy(dilatory)
B. 1.beautiful (ugly) 2.pretty (plain) 3.fair (foul) 4.lovely (unlovely)
C. e (go) 2.arrive (depart) 3 .reach (leave ) 4 .gain (lose )
D.1.happiness (misery) 2.joy (sorrow) 3.delight(distress) 4.enjoyment (suffering)
下列各词都经历了词义范围的变化,a演变前b演变后,判断词义是扩大还是缩小;
1.starve 缩小 a.to die b.die or suffer acute ly from hunger
2.person 缩小 a.person b.paster
3.box 扩大 a.containter made of boxwood b.container in general
4.beef 缩小 a.ox b.meat of the ox
5.citizen 扩大 a.city b.inhabitant of state or nation
6.voyage 缩小 a.journey b.journey by water
l 扩大 a.place for grinding b.place for milking things
8.frock 扩大 a.garment of a monk b.various kinds of garments
9.dismantle扩大 a.to strip of dress or mantle b.to strip of furniture or equipment
10.campus 缩小 a.field b.grounds of a college
11.operate 缩小 a.to perform any operation b.to performance a surgical operation
12.charge 扩大 a.load;burden b.task; responsibility,price,etc.
13.drowse 缩小 a.to sink b.to sink into sleep
yman 扩大 a.one who is not of clergy b.one who is not an expert
15.ferry 缩小 a.to carry b.to transport across a river
16.chant 缩小 a.to sing b.to intone
17.butcher 扩大 a.one who kills he-goats b.one who kills animals for food
18.chamber扩大 a.room b.room; legislative body,etc.
19.hound 缩小 a.dog b.hunting dog
20.tail 扩大 a.hairy caudal appendage of an animal b.anything like an animal’s tail in form or position
现代英语中专门术语进入日常生活并扩大了词义,找出与下列术语对应的一般意义
1.alibi excuse
2.scenario description of a possible
3.charismatic having popular appeal
pulsive habitual
5.catalyst any stimulus in hastening a result
6.ambiance quality,feeling,etc.of a place
7.osmosis subtle or gradual absorption or mingling
8.psychology mental processes
9.syndrome distinctive or characteristic patern of behaviour
10.subliminal of which one is not consciously aware
11.parameter determining factor .characteristic
12.philosophy practical opinion or body of opinions
plex obsession of any kind
14.schizophrenia any mental or emotional disorder
15.interface connection
16.neurotic nervous,eccentric,given to worry
17.sadism cruelty
18.bottom line conclusion,clincher
19.paradigm typical example of sth
20.exhibitionism showing off
下列词经历了词义褒贬的变化,a和b是演变前后的词义,判断是褒义化还是贬义化
1.sturdy 褒 a.stern stubborn reckless b.stout vigorous firm
2.reek 贬 a.smoke b.stink
3.counterfeit 贬 a.to copy to reproduce b.to imitate with intent to deceive
4.fame 褒 a.rumour report b.celebrity renown
5.mischievous 褒 a.disastrous b.playfully annoying
6.civil 褒 a.of itizens b.cultured; courteous
7.smirk 贬 a.smile b.simper
8.glamour 褒 a.spell; enchantment b.attractiveness;allure
9.busybody 贬 a.busy person b.officious and meddlesome person
10.churl 贬 a.freeman b.boor; niggard
11.luxury 褒 a.lust b.sumptuousness
12.err 贬 a.wander b.go astray
13.chiffon 褒 a.rag b.sheer fabric of silk,etc.
14.brook 贬 a.to enjoy ; to make use of b.to endure; to tolerate
15.elocution 贬 a.style of speaking b.studied or artificial style of speaking
16.fair 贬 a.beautiful;pleasant b.moderate ; tolerable
17.sergeant褒 a.servant b.non-commissioned officer
18.dizzy 褒 a.foolish b.vertiginous
19.inquisition贬 a.investigation b.persecution
20.sophisticated 褒 a.overly complex or refined b.sufficiently complex or knowing 动物名称比喻人,还可转化为动词描绘人的动作,说明下列词的隐喻意义
A.动物名词
1.bull 粗壮的男子
2.butterfly 举止轻浮的人(尤指妇女)
3.cat 刁钻或居心叵测的女子
4.dove 温柔或纯真的妇女,儿童;鸽派(美国)
5.goose 傻瓜
6.hawk 掠夺成性的人;骗子;鹰派(美国)
7.jackal 为虎作伥的人;狗腿子mb 温顺的人;小宝贝
9.lion 勇猛异常的男人10.magpie 喋喋不休的人
11.mule 执拗或顽固的人12.phoenix 超群出众的人
13.pig 肮脏或贪吃的人;警察猪猡14.puss 少女或小姑娘
15.serpent 阴险的毒辣的人16.sheep 忸怩,温驯或胆小的人
17.skunk 卑鄙可恶的人18.sucker 容易上当受骗的人
19.swine 下流坯;鄙俗的人20.vixen 泼妇
B.动物名称转化为动词 1.to crow over 洋洋自得 2.to ferret 搜索
3.to fish for 探求；绕弯打听
4.to gull 欺骗,使人上当
5.to hound 追逐逼迫
6.to monkey 胡闹；嘲弄；模仿
7.to parrot 机械仿效,随声附和8.to rat 变节,告密
9.to shark 诈骗.勒索10.to snake 蜿蜒前进；拖曳隐喻的基础是形状,功能,褒贬的类似,据此区别以下斜体词语属哪种类型
1.the tail of a procession 形状
2.a ray of hope 功能
3.a wolf in sheep’s clothing 贬义
4.an early bird 褒义
5.piercing sound 功能
6.a flight of fancy 功能
7.the cup of the valley 形状8.crocodile tears 贬义
9.forks of the road 形状10.to rivet one’s gaze 形状
11.golden hours 褒义12.a saddle in the mountains 形状
13.loud colours 功能14.stony politeness 贬义
15.the mantle of darkness 功能16.Richad the Lion-Heart 褒义
17.torments of jealousy 功能18.the ribs of vault 形状
19.a watery style of writing 贬义20.skyrocketing prices 形状
21.the book of time 功能22.a loan shark 贬义
23.to bridle one’s anger 功能24.a smart invention 褒义
25.the head of the school 功能26.to dive into a book 形状
27.to lend wings to someone 功能28.a mere wisp of a girl 形状
29.the lungs of a city 形状30.an unlicked cub 贬义
提喻是局部和整体之间的替代.判断下列A组各词和B组中的黑体词是局
部喻整体(1)还是整体喻局部(2)
所喻意义
A1.head cattle 1
2.redbreast robin 1
3.corn maize 2
4.roof house or home 1
5.cattle cows 2
6.wheels automobiles 1
7.blade sword 1
8.cutthroat murderer 1
9.the smiling year spring 2
10.hard tails mules 1
11.to dial to telephone 1
12.fox/beaver the fur of the animal 2
B. 1.a motor trip/the motor industry 1
2.meat and drink 1
3.a mink coat 2
4.a basket of provisions 2
5.to have a word with someone 1
6.to tread a measure 2
7.All hands on deck! 1
8.The law was there in force. 2
写出下面委婉用语所代替的词
1.to refresh oneself: to eat
2.deranged: mad
3.necropolis: cemetery
4.perspiration: sweat
5.unwise: foolish
6.expectorate: spit
7.indigestion : overeating 8.inexpressibles: trousers
9nether garments: pants 10.loan-office: pawnshop
11.non-whites :blacks 12.in an interesting condition: pregnant
13public comfort station :toilet 14.deuce: devil
15Golly : God d: Lord
17prevaricate : lie id to rest: buried
19paying-guests: tenants 20.to be no more: to die
简化下列复合名词并译成汉语
1.banner headline:banner头号标题
2.howler hat:bowler 圆顶大礼帽
3.crepe paper:crepe绉织物(如绉绸、绉布等)
4.dandy-cart:dandy 二轮小车
5.duck egg:duck 零分
6.flashback:flash倒叙
7.hoarfrost:hoar 白霜8.human being:human 人
9.jacquard loom:jacquard 提花机10.jockstrap:jock(运动员等用的)下身护体
11.porter’s knot:knot 垫肩12.kraft paper:kraft牛皮纸
13.turning-lathe:lathe 车床14.poet laureate:laureate桂冠诗人
15.eyelid:lid 眼睑16.linen paper:linen 亚麻纸
17.road metal:metal 碎石料18.smelling salts:salts嗅盐
19.sapwood:sap 白木质20.Teddy boy:Teddy 无赖青年
指出各对同义词的本族语词
1.beak-bill
2.break-sever
3.feed-nourish
4.amity-friendship
5.prevent-hinder
6.begin-commence
7.womanly-feminine 8.wet-humid
9.solitary-lonely10.people-folk
11.deep-profound 12.exterior-outer
13.cordial-hearty14.dale-valley
15.have-possess 16.conceal-hid e
17deed-action 18.holy-sacred
19.give-present 20.aid-help
21.inner-interior 22.deadly-mortal
23.motherly-maternal 24.question-ask
25.masculine-manly26.buy-purchase
27.thin-tenuous 28.earthly-terrestrial
29.royal-kingly30.fatherly-paternal
31violin-fiddle32.domestic-homely
33.mount-rise34.world-universe
35.answer-reply 36.celestial-heavenly
37.vivacious-lively38.bodily-corporal
39.brotherhood-fraternity 40.aqueous-watery
英译汉 1.Chinese cabbage白菜 2.chinese spinach菠菜
3.Chinese date 枣子
4.Chinese eddo芋头
5.Chinese gooseberry 猕猴桃
6.Chinese oil桐油
7.Chinese goose 鸿雁8.Chinese wall长城
9.Chinese block 木鱼10.Chinese boxes套盒
11.Chinese ink 墨12.Chinese puzzle七巧板
13.Chinese red 橙红色14.Chinese lantern灯笼
15.Chinese chequers 跳棋16.Chinese calendar农历
17.Chinese herbal medicine中草药
18.Chinese restaurant syndrome中国餐厅综合症
将下列科学术语译成汉语:
1、aerotrain:飞行火车 2.artificial intelligence:人工智能
3.astrobiology:太空生物学
4.barratrics:肥胖症治疗法
5.callositics:遗传分类学
6.cogeneration:废热发电
7.cosmodon:太空站8.cryonics:人体冷冻学
9.cytoecology:细胞生态学10.datamation:自动化数据处理
11.dysgenesis:发育不良12.ecosphere:生态层
13.euphenics:优种学14.exocrinology:外分泌学
15.fetology:胎儿学16.fibre optics:纤维光学
17.hard science:硬科学(指自然科学) 18.inertia welding:惯性焊接
rmation retrieval:信息检索unch vehicle:运载火箭
21.linear algebra:线性代数22.macroinstruction:宏观指令
23.marsquake:火星地震24.microprocessor:微型电脑
25.neonatology:新生儿生理学26.nerve agent:神经毒剂
27.oncogenicity:致癌性28.parameter:参数,参量
29.photobotany:光植物学30.planetology:行星学
31.plasma physics:等离子物理学32.quantum chemistry:量子化学
33.retro-rocketry:制动火箭学34.revascularization:换血管术
35.saucerman:外太空人36.sealab:海底实验室
37.selenodesy:月面测量学38.test-tube baby:试管婴儿
39.thermal breeder-reactor:热增殖反应堆40.videophone:电视电话
将下列新复合词译成汉语:
1.after-sale service:售后服务
2.apartment complex:公寓建筑群
3.arm wrestling:扳手腕
4.bad-mouth:恶意中伤
5.bait-and switch:“上钩掉包”诱售法的
6.beam weapon:激光束武器
7.bed-in:露宿示威8.body language:身势语
9.bubble top:(汽车)透明防弹圆罩10.buzz word:时髦词语
11.convenient food:方便食品12.cruise missile:巡航导弹
13.cup-tied:参加优胜杯决赛的14.dark comedy:黑色喜剧
15.data bank:数据库16.day-care:日托的
17.diet pill:减肥丸18.dunk shot:篮球塞射(砸篮)
19.family planning:计划生育20.flick-knife:弹簧折刀
21.floor exercise:自由体操22.free-associate:自由联想
23.happy hour:(酒吧)减价供应饮料的时间24.honey wagon:垃圾车
25.hot-dog:太棒了26.man-on-man:(球赛)人盯人
27.overhead walkway:行人大桥28.pop-top/ring pull:易拉罐
29.pop wine:果味甜酒30.rent strike:集体抗租
31.retort pouch:软装罐头32.shunpike:驾车走支路
33.sick-out:集体托病怠工34.shinny-dip:裸泳
35.sober-up:解酒的36.space talk:宇航术语
37.spy-in-the-sky:侦查卫星38.talk show/chat show:名人现场采访节目
39.value-added tax:增值税40.vanity surgery:美容外科
将下列各词的英式拼写改为美式拼写:
1.draught: draft
2.plough: plow
3.litre: liter
4.offence: offense
5.pyjamas: pajamas
6.cheque: check
7.flyer: flier 8.scepticism: skepticism 9.harbour:harbor
10.ensure: insure 11.cosy: cozy 12.manoeuvre: maneuver
13.civilise: civilize 14.anaemic: anemic 15.gaol:jail
16.inflexion: inflection 17.moustache: mustache 18.oesophagus: esophagus
19.queue: cue 20.shew: show
将下列各词的英式拼写简化为美式拼写:
1.counsellor:counselor
2.remould: remold
3.axe: ax
4.cigarette: cigaret
5.jewellery:jewelry
6.omelette: omelet
7.storey: story 8.good-bye: good-by 9.speciality: specialty
10.towards: toward 11.waggon: wagon 12.catalogue: catalog
13.aluminium: aluminum 14.levelled: leveled 15.moult:molt
16.programme: program 17.judgement: judgment 18.licence: license
19.amidst: amid 20.practice,practise: practice
用一个英语单词代替下列成语:
1.of one’s own accord: voluntarily
2.exchange blows with: fight
3.get away: escape
4.on the nail: immediately
5.play false: betray
6.a slap in the face: insult
7.in a body: collectively 8.make head or tail of: understand
9.behind the times: unfashionable e across: discover
11.under false colours: falsely 12.make away with: destroy
13.from time to time: occasionally 14.call on :visit
15.neither rhyme nor reason:nonsense 16.throw cold water on: discourage
17.by the way: incidentally 18.by word of mouth: verbally
19.lord and master: husband 20.behind closed doors: privately
将下列名词性成语译成汉语:
1.the ace of trumps:主要的王牌,最有力的理由或要据.
2.an apple of discord:争端,祸根
3.the apple of one’s eye:珍爱的人或东西
4.a beast of burden:驮畜
5.a bed of roses:称心如意个环境
6.a bird of passage:候鸟,漂泊不定的人
7.a fish out of water:不适应环境的人
8.a Jack of all trades杂而不精的人
9.the lion’s share:最大的一份
10.a lion in the tongue:拦路虎(尤指臆想的危难)
11.a slip of the tongue:口误
12.a snake in the grass:隐患
13.a wild goose chase:徒劳的搜索,无益的劳动
14.a wet blanket:扫兴的人
15.a white elephant:无用而累赘的东西
16.a swan song:最后的作品
17.sour grapes:酸葡萄
18.an iron hand:高压手段
19.the green-eyed monster:嫉妒
20.a dog in the manger:占着茅坑不拉屎的人
将下列隐喻成语的适当形式填入句子:
1.The shopkeepers speak in slow,measured tones,and the buyers,overwhelmed by the
sepulchral atmosphere, follow suit
2.Neither does the river theory“hold water”,in the face of what is known about nodule
distribution.
3.What now seems to be in the air is a multilateral deal be tween the seven countries…..
4.When they find who done that last night,who killed that kid an’its mother,then
hightailed it,they’ll throw the book,and never mind who it is……
5.For the mighty army of consumers,the ultimate applications of the computer revolution
are still around the bend of a silicon circuit.
6.More than 100 reporters were on hand,and even radio announcers,who for the first time
in history were to broadcast a jury trial.
7.The judge called for a local minister to open the session with prayer,and the trial got
under way.
8.P&O,for example,while still out to increase the total…But P&O has no intention of
throwing in the towel.
9.He was struggling with the clasps on his suitcase,and Pug gave him a hand.
10.On our way back,every U-boat in the Atlantic will certainly be on battle alert.We shall
have to run the gamut.
11.One night Churchill took the floor in the Augusta washroom after dinner,…….
12.If,at some future date,it becomes the wish of our sister colonies to effect a
separation,we will not stand in the way .
13.The fact that their marriage may be on the rocks,or that their love affairs have been
broken or even that…
14.The peasants were allowed to eat the rabbits that scampered over their fields and,since
that meat was cheap,the Norman lords of course turned up their noses at it.
15.Like me,they had been divorced from their origins,and it turned out to make very little
difference….they were mo more at home in Europe than I was.
16.But what is Anna Karenina describing if not the tragic fate of the isolated individual,at
odds with her time and place?
17.The illicit jump we find here,on the threshold of the inquiry,is characteric of the …
18.These people vote without a qualm for the political parties that quite sensibly-their
country arm…to the teeth.
19.Nowadays New Year is out of phase with American taste as often as it is out of step
with American politics.
20.The mother was on the verge of panic.She clutched his arm and kept repeating,…
1、It may be objected that he is not sophisticated enough to mediate the dispute
between them.有人可能会提出异议说，他没有足够的本领能调解他们之间的纠纷。

2、In this chapter I attempt a more general look at the main changes which have come
about in English usage. 在这一章中，我准备比较概括地探讨一下英语惯用法的主要
变化。

3、Most of them regard him as deadwood, inept, incompetent and nowhere near as
technically prepared as they are. 他们大多数人认为他是一个无能的，不称职的
人，起不了什么作用，而且在技能训练方面根本不能与他们相比。

4、They will not think the worse of you for lack of experience. 他们不会因为你缺
乏经验而把你想得很坏。

5、He hurried after the princess even into her innermost apartment, without so much
as waiting to remove his sandals. 他连便鞋都等不及脱下就匆匆地跟着公主闯
进了她那最里面的一间卧室。

1、词的定义是什么？
词是语音、意义和语法特点三者统一的整体。

（词是最小的、有意义的、能够独立使用的语言单位。

）
2、英语词的构成方法有哪六种？
派生法、合成法、转化法、拼缀法、逆成法、缩略法
3、什么是词的语义理据？
语义理据是一种联想，指词义的引申和比喻。

4、什么是语义同义场？
随着英语词汇的不断丰富，同义词群随之形成，由两个或三个组成的词义群
扩大为由四个、五个或十几个构成的词义群，同义词群中有一个起支配
作用的词，体现了其它同义词所共有的特征，这种词叫主导同义词，受
其制约的语义场称之为谓语义同义场。

5、写出Herbert H.Clark 为词的联想提出的四条纵聚合规则和两条横组合
规则。

四条纵聚合规则
1）最低特征对比规则
2）特征的减少和增加规则
3）标记规则
4）范畴保持规则
两条横组合规则
1）选择特征体现规则
2）成语构成规则。