lecture 8 翻译技巧七 语态变换法

1). It’s believed that her plans for a movie career had all been merely a pipe dream. 有人说她那些当明星的计划全都是些非非遐想罢了。
英语中以it 做形式主语，以被动语态作谓语，其后跟一个由that引导的主语从句的结构很多。这种结 构在译成汉语时，除把it一律省略外，通常有两种处理方法： 1.在被动语态前加“人们”、“有人”、“我们”、“大家”等词 2.用“据……”等短语译出
2). It is estimated that Americans spend up to five years of their lives in that tedious, stressful but unavoidable process known as waiting. 据估计，美国人一生中, 在乏味而令人厌烦, 却又躲避 不掉的等待上所耗费的时间,竟达五年之多。
到目前为止，二氧化硫一直被看作是这些污染物中
最严重的一种。
3) All around, the hills were black with oil, and some
were hidden by gas and drifting oil spray. 四周，由于蒙上了一层油，山峦是黑色的，有的山 峦则被天然气和在风中飘洒的喷油遮挡住了。 4) The thrust force of an airplane is produced by the propeller. 飞机的推力由螺旋桨所产生。
近四十岁时，由于事业上的挫折，他几乎为失意所 毁。
8) The laws of motion will be discussed in the next articles.
运动定律将在下文中予以讨论。
使用“加以”、“予以”字 样 表达被动含义。
9) The details of the facade will be further fitted up to match the interior. 铺面将进一步加以装修，使之与室内装饰浑然一体。
3．我方合理的价格已由西尔斯公司接受， 这样可促成更多的贸易。
4．You have been invited to this forum 4．今天邀大家来开座谈会，目的是要 today to exchange ideas on…… 和大家交换意见， …… 5. We will not be able to dispatch your 5．只有你方把现有订货量增至我们所 shipment until your order is large enough to 确定的最低数字，我们才能供货。 qualify our minimum requirement in size.
练习：
1. The dockers were seen unloading the chemical fertilizer from S.S. “Apollo”. 1．有人看见码头工人正从“阿波罗”号 轮船卸化肥。
2. The Finnish Trade Mission was given a 2．芬兰贸易代表团受到同行们的热烈欢 warm welcome by their counterparts. 迎。 3. Our reasonable price has already been accepted by Sears, which will lead to further business.
有人建议
• It is believed that… 据信；人们（大家）相信 • It is claimed that… 有人（人们）主张；人们要 求 • It is declared that… 据宣称；人们宣称 • It cannot be denied that… 不可否认 • It is estimated that… 据估计（推算） • It has been found that… 已经发现；实践证明
• It must be realized that… 必须了解（认识、明 白）
• It is asserted that…
有人主张（断定） • It is understood that… 人们理解；不用说
• It is said that…
据说；一般认为
• It is suggested that…
1．有人看见码头工人正从“阿波罗”号轮船卸化肥。 2．芬兰贸易代表团受到同行们的热烈欢迎。 3．我方合理的价格已由西尔斯公司接受，这样可促成 更多的贸易。 4．You have been invited to this forum today to exchange ideas on……
5. We will not be able to dispatch your shipment until your order is large enough to qualify our minimum requirement in size.
诗人是天生的，而演说家则是后天造就的。
6). Footprints on the sands of time are not made by sitting down. 在时间沙滩上的足迹是走出来的。（喻“不身体力 行不足以成事”） 7). In his late thirties he was almost knocked down in his despondency of the unsuccessful career.
翻译技巧七——
The change of the voices
（语态变换法）
the change of the voices（语态变换法）
The passive voice is more commonly used in English than in Chinese, especially in the writing of science and technology. In the sentences in which the doers are not necessarily told or known, the passive voice is used. And sometimes for the sake of connection of the context, there occurs the passive voice. Since the passive structure seldom appears in Chinese, many passive sentences in English have to be turned into active sentences in Chinese. In fact, a translator tries to render the passive sentences into Chinese active sentences as many as possible. But the version must be made idiomatic and smooth, not ambiguous or abstruse. This is a problem which is worth our attention.
有了钱，就会以钱谋权。 2). If water is heated, the molecules move more quickly.
如果把水加热，水分子就运动得更快。
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
D. 习惯译法
英语中以it 做形式主语，以被动语态作谓语，其后跟一个由that引导的主语从句的 结构很多。这种结构在译成汉语时，除把it一律省略外，通常有两种处理方法： 1.在被动语态前加“人们”、“有人”、“我们”、“大家”等词 2.用“据……”等短语译出
英语中这种it做形式主语的被动句型在各类文章中比比皆是， 汉译时一般均按主动结构译出。即将原文中的主语从句译在宾 语的位置上，而把it做形式主语的主句译成一个独立语或分句。 常见的固定结构如：
It is generally accepted that… 一般认为；大家公认 • It is alleged that… 人们断言
• It must be kept in mind that… 必须记住 • It is known that… 众所周知；大家知道 • It has been objected that… 有人反驳 • It is predicted that… 据估计；据预计 • It is reported that… 据报道；据报告说
A . 把被动语态译成汉语被动句
1) The company was enjoined from using false advertising.
这家商号被禁止使用虚假广告。 2) Up to now, sulphur dioxide has been regarded as one of the most serious of these pollutants.
B . 把被动语态译成汉语主动句
1). His pride must be pinched.
他这股傲气应该打下去。
当英语被动句中的主语是无生 命的名词，而且句中一般没有 由介词by引导的行为主体时， 这种句子常常可译成汉语的主 动句，而不需加什么词。
2).The result of the invention of the steam engine was that human power was replaced by mechanical power. 蒸汽机发明的结果是，机械力代替了人力。
当被动句中有地点状语，由介词“by”引导的方式状语及 “from”等表示的其它状语时，有时可把这种状语译成主语， 将介词省略，而把原主语译成宾语，这样，就更符合汉语的 习惯。如例2
C. 把被动语态译成汉语无主句
1). Power would be gotten if there were money to get it with.
TIP: 在行为主体前使用“被”、“由”、“受”、“给”等字,在这类句子中，在“被”、 “由”、“受”、“给”等字后面，在动词前面，有一个名词作为该动词的逻辑主语。
Tip：使用“是……的”、“为……所”句型，这些句 子着重说明一件事情是怎样做或什么时候、什么地点 做的等等。例如：
5) Poets are born, but orators are made.