Work Balance生产平衡
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Takt time节拍 = The rate at which products need to be produced in order to satisfy customer demand.为了满足客户要求的生产产品的速度
Or 或 Takt Time节拍 = Net Available Time / Customer Requirement 纯合格时间/客户
Value Add vs. Non-Value Add Work价值增加和未价值增加 How to perform a Cycle Time Study如何完成周期时间研究 Allowances/Fatigue津贴/疲劳 Work Balance Steps工作平衡步骤 Capacity Improvements through Cycle Time Analysis通过周期时间分析，产量提 升产量 Cost Benefits of cycle time improvements (Example)周期时间提升成本收益 Application of CT/TT Tool (Line Balancing)CT/TT方法使用（生产线平衡） Case Example事例
2
Cycle Time/Takt Time Definition周期时间/节拍时间定义
Cycle time 周期时间– The time required to complete one cycle of an operation, good part to good part.这个时间要求完成一个操作，合格产品到合格产品的周 期
Takt Time should not be changed day to day.节拍应持续变化 This will maintain a steady production line.这将维持一个稳定的生产线 And improve efficiency.并且提高效率
Check your demand rate at set intervals to verify that demand has not increased or decreased.在设置的时间间隔，检查你的要求率来保证要求没有增加或减少。 Adjust Takt time if customer demands changes significantly. 调整节拍时间 如果强烈要求改变
Time & motion study is used to develop standardized work.时间&动作研 究是用来建立标准工作的。
11
Value Add vs. Non-Value Add Work价值增加VS未价值增加工作
Value Add-Work价值增加工作
Elements that change the form, fit or function改变外形的成分，适合或功 能
10
Analyzing Work分析工作
Time study is the process of directly observing and measuring (using a timing device) work to establish the time required to complete a task by a fully qualified worker.时间研究是直接观察和测量（使用一个计时设备） 工作的过程，用来建立时间，要求一个合格工人完成一个任务。
9
Standardized Work标准工作
Standardized work is a method of documenting the current best practice to perform an operation.标准工作是列出当前最好的实践，履行一项操作的方法
standardized work forms the baseline for kaizen or continuous improvement.标准工作形 成为管理方法改进或持续提升基础。
6
Cycle Time Applications周期时间的应用
Cycle Time analysis is essential to perform the following周期时间分析是必要的，履 行以下: ➢ Creating Standardized Work建立标准工作 ➢ Calculating OEE计算QEE ➢ Rebalancing the line重新平衡生产线 ➢ Performing capacity analysis履行产量评估 ➢ Optimizing system line design优化系统线设计 ➢ Performing simulation studies完成模拟研究 ➢ Making couple / decouple decisions执行一起/拆散决定 ➢ Ensuring Machines/Operators are performing to Standard保证机器/操作人员 正在履行标准 ➢ Identify Constraints / Bottlenecks within the system确认约束/系统中的瓶颈 ➢ Improving capacity with same manning用一样的配备人员提升产量 ➢ Identifying waste确认浪费
Determine optimal manning levels within the production cell based on current production / customer demand. 基于当前的 生产/客户要求，在生产单元中，决定的最有效的匹配水 平。
5
Manual vs. Machine Cycle Time
7
Takt Time Applications节拍应用
Understanding Takt Time helps to明白节拍利于: Avoid overproduction避免过生产 Optimize use of net available time优化纯有效时间的使用 Ensure ability to meet customer demand保证有能力符合客户要求 Remove waste in process 消除过程中的浪费 Optimize process manning unevenness & overburden (Unbalanced Line)优
Elements the customer is willing to pay for成分，客户愿意支付
Constant Work Elements-time does not change持续的工作要素时间不会 改变
Work we want to keep!工作中，我们 要保持！
➢ Action Verbs行动动作: Place地点 Secure 安全 Install安置 Tighten固定
Manual C/T手册C/T –
Includes Load and Unload as well as all elements done internal to machine cycle (assembly)包括装载和卸载和所有在机器内部（装配）中做的成分
Does not include wait time 不包括等待时间 Based on average person基于平均每个人
Standardized work consists of three elements标准工作包括三个部分:
Takt time节拍 The standard work-in-process inventory工作进行中的库存标准 Work sequence 工作结果
Establishing standardized work relies on collecting and recording the baseline process and making improvements.建立标准工作根据收集和记录底层工序和做 出改进。
要求 (Units: minutes/part or seconds/part单元：分钟每件或秒每件
3
Defining Customer Demand定义客户要求
The rule of thumb is具体要求是: If customer demand varies from day to day, then use the average demand over a
A “fully qualified” worker is one who is fully trained and can perform the operation within takt time. 一个（完全合格）工人是完全受过培训和能在节 拍时间表中完成操作。
Never use an inexperienced operator when developing labor standards.千万不 能使用缺乏经验的操作工，当创建劳动标准的时候。
化过程配备人员的不平衡&负担过重（失衡生产线） Optimize labor utilization优化劳力利用
8
Standardized Work标准工作 Where there is no standard, there can be no improvement.如果没有标准，将没有提升 Ta System丰田生产系统发明人
Machine C/T 机器C/T–
Measured from initiation to completion of machine action测量从开始到完成 的机器动作
Includes automated load and unload tasks包括自动装载和下载任务 Excludes operator interfaces不包括操作界面
Analyze sources of bottlenecks within the assembly cell.在装 配线单元中分析瓶颈源
Increase throughput of the assembly cell提升装配单元产量
Analyze non-value added/ineffective worker movements (waste) to reduce cycle time.分析没有价值增加/无效的工人 移动（浪费）秋缩短周期
period of time.如果客户要求每天都有变化，然后在一段时间使用平均要求。 The work cell must be able to handle sustained demand.工作单元必须能够 处理持续需求 Hold a buffer of stock to handle variations in demand
Work Balance生产平衡
Quick Guidelines
Agenda议事日程
Definition of Work Balance (Cycle/Takt Time)生产平衡的定义（周期/节拍时间） Understanding when to use this tool明白什么时候使用这个工具 Standardized Work 标准工作
4
When to Use this Tool?什么时候 使用这个工具
Work Balance analysis should be used when you need to工作 平衡分析的使用应当你需要:
Understand how closely product cycle time matches the customer pull rate or takt time. 明白产品周期时间离匹配客 户推出速进度或节拍时间有多远
Or 或 Takt Time节拍 = Net Available Time / Customer Requirement 纯合格时间/客户
Value Add vs. Non-Value Add Work价值增加和未价值增加 How to perform a Cycle Time Study如何完成周期时间研究 Allowances/Fatigue津贴/疲劳 Work Balance Steps工作平衡步骤 Capacity Improvements through Cycle Time Analysis通过周期时间分析，产量提 升产量 Cost Benefits of cycle time improvements (Example)周期时间提升成本收益 Application of CT/TT Tool (Line Balancing)CT/TT方法使用（生产线平衡） Case Example事例
2
Cycle Time/Takt Time Definition周期时间/节拍时间定义
Cycle time 周期时间– The time required to complete one cycle of an operation, good part to good part.这个时间要求完成一个操作，合格产品到合格产品的周 期
Takt Time should not be changed day to day.节拍应持续变化 This will maintain a steady production line.这将维持一个稳定的生产线 And improve efficiency.并且提高效率
Check your demand rate at set intervals to verify that demand has not increased or decreased.在设置的时间间隔，检查你的要求率来保证要求没有增加或减少。 Adjust Takt time if customer demands changes significantly. 调整节拍时间 如果强烈要求改变
Time & motion study is used to develop standardized work.时间&动作研 究是用来建立标准工作的。
11
Value Add vs. Non-Value Add Work价值增加VS未价值增加工作
Value Add-Work价值增加工作
Elements that change the form, fit or function改变外形的成分，适合或功 能
10
Analyzing Work分析工作
Time study is the process of directly observing and measuring (using a timing device) work to establish the time required to complete a task by a fully qualified worker.时间研究是直接观察和测量（使用一个计时设备） 工作的过程，用来建立时间，要求一个合格工人完成一个任务。
9
Standardized Work标准工作
Standardized work is a method of documenting the current best practice to perform an operation.标准工作是列出当前最好的实践，履行一项操作的方法
standardized work forms the baseline for kaizen or continuous improvement.标准工作形 成为管理方法改进或持续提升基础。
6
Cycle Time Applications周期时间的应用
Cycle Time analysis is essential to perform the following周期时间分析是必要的，履 行以下: ➢ Creating Standardized Work建立标准工作 ➢ Calculating OEE计算QEE ➢ Rebalancing the line重新平衡生产线 ➢ Performing capacity analysis履行产量评估 ➢ Optimizing system line design优化系统线设计 ➢ Performing simulation studies完成模拟研究 ➢ Making couple / decouple decisions执行一起/拆散决定 ➢ Ensuring Machines/Operators are performing to Standard保证机器/操作人员 正在履行标准 ➢ Identify Constraints / Bottlenecks within the system确认约束/系统中的瓶颈 ➢ Improving capacity with same manning用一样的配备人员提升产量 ➢ Identifying waste确认浪费
Determine optimal manning levels within the production cell based on current production / customer demand. 基于当前的 生产/客户要求，在生产单元中，决定的最有效的匹配水 平。
5
Manual vs. Machine Cycle Time
7
Takt Time Applications节拍应用
Understanding Takt Time helps to明白节拍利于: Avoid overproduction避免过生产 Optimize use of net available time优化纯有效时间的使用 Ensure ability to meet customer demand保证有能力符合客户要求 Remove waste in process 消除过程中的浪费 Optimize process manning unevenness & overburden (Unbalanced Line)优
Elements the customer is willing to pay for成分，客户愿意支付
Constant Work Elements-time does not change持续的工作要素时间不会 改变
Work we want to keep!工作中，我们 要保持！
➢ Action Verbs行动动作: Place地点 Secure 安全 Install安置 Tighten固定
Manual C/T手册C/T –
Includes Load and Unload as well as all elements done internal to machine cycle (assembly)包括装载和卸载和所有在机器内部（装配）中做的成分
Does not include wait time 不包括等待时间 Based on average person基于平均每个人
Standardized work consists of three elements标准工作包括三个部分:
Takt time节拍 The standard work-in-process inventory工作进行中的库存标准 Work sequence 工作结果
Establishing standardized work relies on collecting and recording the baseline process and making improvements.建立标准工作根据收集和记录底层工序和做 出改进。
要求 (Units: minutes/part or seconds/part单元：分钟每件或秒每件
3
Defining Customer Demand定义客户要求
The rule of thumb is具体要求是: If customer demand varies from day to day, then use the average demand over a
A “fully qualified” worker is one who is fully trained and can perform the operation within takt time. 一个（完全合格）工人是完全受过培训和能在节 拍时间表中完成操作。
Never use an inexperienced operator when developing labor standards.千万不 能使用缺乏经验的操作工，当创建劳动标准的时候。
化过程配备人员的不平衡&负担过重（失衡生产线） Optimize labor utilization优化劳力利用
8
Standardized Work标准工作 Where there is no standard, there can be no improvement.如果没有标准，将没有提升 Ta System丰田生产系统发明人
Machine C/T 机器C/T–
Measured from initiation to completion of machine action测量从开始到完成 的机器动作
Includes automated load and unload tasks包括自动装载和下载任务 Excludes operator interfaces不包括操作界面
Analyze sources of bottlenecks within the assembly cell.在装 配线单元中分析瓶颈源
Increase throughput of the assembly cell提升装配单元产量
Analyze non-value added/ineffective worker movements (waste) to reduce cycle time.分析没有价值增加/无效的工人 移动（浪费）秋缩短周期
period of time.如果客户要求每天都有变化，然后在一段时间使用平均要求。 The work cell must be able to handle sustained demand.工作单元必须能够 处理持续需求 Hold a buffer of stock to handle variations in demand
Work Balance生产平衡
Quick Guidelines
Agenda议事日程
Definition of Work Balance (Cycle/Takt Time)生产平衡的定义（周期/节拍时间） Understanding when to use this tool明白什么时候使用这个工具 Standardized Work 标准工作
4
When to Use this Tool?什么时候 使用这个工具
Work Balance analysis should be used when you need to工作 平衡分析的使用应当你需要:
Understand how closely product cycle time matches the customer pull rate or takt time. 明白产品周期时间离匹配客 户推出速进度或节拍时间有多远