西安电子科技大学研究生期末考试英语试题

西安电子科技大学研究生期末考试英语试题
西安电子科技大学
研究生课程考试试题
（答案必须写在答题纸上或在答题卡上填涂）
考试科目：英语基础课程编号：0821001
考试日期：12 年6 月25 日考试时间：150 分考试方式：(闭卷) 任课教师：班号
学生姓名：学号：
考生注意事项
一、本试卷由两份试卷组成：试卷一( Paper One ) 包括词汇，完形填空,
与阅读理解三部分，共60题，按顺序统一编号；试卷二( Paper T wo ) 包括翻译与写作两部份，共3题。

二、试卷一（题号1－60）为客观评分题，答案一律用中性(HB)铅笔做在
机读答题纸上，在对应题号下所选的字母中间划黑道，如[A] [B]
[C]
[D]。

三、试卷二为主观评分题，答案分别做在ANSWER SHEETⅡ上。

试卷一(Paper One)
PartⅠ VOCABULARY (20 points)
Section A: (1 point each)
Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has one word or a set of words underlined. Below the sentence are four
words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the
corresponding letter with a single bar across the square
brackets
on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.
1. But while it may be interesting for foreigners such as the US banker to look at the Nordic model, it appears difficult to emulate it.
A. intimate
B. intimidate
C. imitate
D. intimacy
2. In the inception phase, the product idea or request for proposal is developed to the point that the funding decision can be made.
A. perception
B. beginning
C. inclination
D. deception
3. The official said the company was looking for access to capital to make it
less vulnerable to competitors and takeover bids.
A. defenseless
B. vague
C. tempt
D. vulgar
4. Now he owned the state’s largest advertising agency and was a veteran
director of the bank with strong influence on the board.
A. prestigious
B. necessary
C. irreplaceable
D. experienced
5. So the court says it is important that the trademark proprietors should not be
allowed to hold a perpetual monopoly on technical solutions.
A. everlasting
B. temporary
C. prolong
D. prevailing
6. The paper is entitled: Research on the Formation of Information Technology Usage Habituation from the Automatic Goal-Directed Behavior Perspective.
A. justification
B. habit
C. derivation
D. adaptation
7. Economists, however, are doing their best to gauge just how much the
destruction will cost both Japan and the world in economic growth.
A. evacuate
B. evaluate
C. evaporate
D. consume
8. Meanwhile, despite all the crackdowns and criminal penalties, melamine (三
聚氰胺) continues to pop up in the country’s dairy supply.
A. pump up
B. go quickly
C. appear suddenly
D. are frantic with
9. The study was not designed to answer why sleeping longer
may be
deleterious or whether people could extend their life span by sleeping less.
A. neutral
B. harmful
C. positive
D. negative
10.A group of ladies saunter down a road in Skegness wearing floral, collared
shirts and closed toe shoes.
A. scamper
B. scraper
C. stroll
D. scoot
Section B (1 point each)
Directions: There are ten sentences in this section. Each sentence has something omitted. Choose the word or words from the four
choices given to best complete each sentence. Mark the
corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets
on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.
11. She suggests taking a methodical approach to individuals you are coming
into with, dividing them up under several headings, or markets.
A. being
B. use
C. contact
D. action
12. But I am guilty of an entirely different form of multitasking: in any given
month, I have lots of projects on the .
A. move
B. course
C. path
D. go
13. I really don’t see why our English teacher our monitor for praise
since we have all done quite well this term.
A. leaves out
B. singles out
C. trips up
D. provoked up
14. There may be many providers for the service, and each of them may have a
different name for the service or some other non-standard requirements
that the service requester must .
A. abide by
B. abuse by
C. bet by
D. abandoned by
15. V erify that the version of Microsoft Exchange you are using is with
the database version that you are trying to mount.
A. competitive
B. contradict
C. compatible
D. indifferent
16. I think, learning English can three simple ingredients: persistence,
proper ways and good teachers.
A. boil down to
B. in terms of
C. accord to
D. be regarded to
17. He eventually built a new, highly automated big factory that does nothing
but the plastic stoppers, 157 million a month.
A. chuck out
B. check out
C. put out
D. churn out
18.Let others make their employees’ cuts first in the hope that they will
attention you.
A. deflect…from
B. depart….from
C. convert….from
D. derive…from
19. Technologies can a powerful influence the lifelong
learning process, as well as to help overcome various inequalities in society.
A. execute….on
B. excurse…on
C. exert…on
D. exculpate…on
20. The two animals each other in their eagerness to get inside, and
heard the door shut behind them with great joy and relief.
A. mussed over
B. tumbled over
C. came over
D. slashed over
Part Ⅱ CLOZE TEST ( 10 points)
Directions: Read the passage through. Then go back and choose one item of suitable word(s) marked A, B, C and D for each blank in the
passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word(s) you have
chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer Sheet.
For the past two years, I have been working on students’evaluation of classroom teaching. I have kept a record of informal conversations 21 some 300 students from at 22 twenty-one colleges and universities. The students were generally frank and direct in their comments 23 how course work could be better presented. Most of their remarks were kindly made with tolerance rather than bitterness----and frequently were softened by the fact that the students were speaking about some, not all, instructors. Nevertheless, 24 the following suggestions and comments indicate, students feel 25 with things as they are in the classroom.
Professors should be 26 from reading lecture notes. “It makes their voices monotonous.”
If they are going to read, why not 27 out copies of the lecture? Then we wouldn’t need to go to class. Professors should 28 repeating in lectures material that is in the textbook. “29 we’ve read the material, we want to discuss it or hear it elaborated on,
30 repeated.”“A lo t of students hate to buy a required text that the professor has written only to have his lectures repeat it.”
21. A. counting B. covering C. figuring D. involving
22. A. best B. length C. least D. large
23. A. at B. on C. of D. over
24. A. if B. though C. as D. whether
25. A. satisfactory B. unsatisfactory C. satisfied D. dissatisfied
26. A. interfered B. discouraged C. disturbed D. interrupted
27. A. hold B. give C. drop D. leave
28. A. avoid B. prevent C. refuse D. prohibit
29. A. Until B. Unless C. Once D. However
30. A. not B. or C. and D. yet
Part ⅢREADING COMPREHENSION ( 30 points)
Directions: In this part of the tests, there are six short passages for you to read. Read the passage carefully, and then answer the questions
that follow. Then choose the best answer from the chioces marked
A, B, C and D, and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring Answer
Sheet.
Passage One
The e-book, you could argue, is environmentally friendly, which is true, but it is also incredibly counter-intuitive. Computer engineers spend a lot of their time coming up with ways to make computers ubiquitous (无所不在的) in consumer lives, and they’ve largely succeeded in that, which is part of the point. Many consumers have also been busy rejecting electronic banking, partly because we want a few tangible experiences left
in our lives, and handling money is one of those experiences. Reading a book, in a way, is an act of rebellion today. It’s a statement that despite the 35 channels coming in on the cable box, the billions of Web sites and other diversions, you’re going to read a book. This is something someone could have done in the 16th century, when the first books were printed in English.
I used to attend a regular “salon”in Man hattan, where Internet people would meet, have dinner and discuss the latest trends. One of the sponsors of these social gatherings, who worked for a publisher, brought an e-book to the group, and passed it around. Everything about it bugged me; it w as characterless, flat and soulless. One might imagine reading the works of Bill Gates on it, but the thought of reading Thackeray or Dickens or Wilkie Collins or even John Steinbeck on it is a laughing matter.
In other words, books are more than just words, they have —or used to have —decorative covers, because they are expressions of the author’s creativity. That’s why some people collect first editions. They want to own the book that was authorized by the writer, an edition he or she might have owned. As books age, they attain a certain patina (古色古香), reminding of the history the object has seen.
31. According to the author, one drawback of computers is that .
A. they require sophisticated computer literacy
B. they arc interfering with our private lives
C. they can be used only in a limited numbers of areas
D. they deprive us of experiences of handling things
32. Today, reading books is regarded as .
A. creative
B. harmful
C. intellectual
D. old-fashioned
33. It is the author’s opinion that .
A. it is ridiculous to read literary works on an e-book
B. readers find it odd to read Bill Gates’ works on an e-book
C. reading e-books is not very different from reading paper books
D. e-books will replace traditional books in the foreseeable future
34. The last paragraph is mainly concerned with the ________ aspect of paper
books.
A. physical
B. intellectual
C. esthetic
D. historical
35. What is the author’s main purpose?
A. To forecast the e-books’ future.
B. To make a case against e-books.
C. To suggest alternatives to printed books.
D. To weigh the pro and con of e-books.
Passage 2
Of all the areas of learning, the most important is the development of attitudes. Emotional reactions as well as logical thought processes affect the behavior of most people.
“The burnt child fears the fire”is one instance; another is the rise of despots (暴君) like Hitler. Both these examples also point up the fact that attitudes stem from experience. In the one case the experience was direct and impressive; in the other it was
indirect and cumulative. The Nazis were indoctrinated largely by the speeches they heard and the books they read.
The classroom teacher in the elementary school is in a strategic position to influence attitudes.This is true partly because children acquire attitudes from those adults whose word they respect.
Another reason it is true is that pupils often delve (挖掘)somewhat deeply into a subject in school that has only been touched upon at home or has possibly never occurred to them before. To a child who had previously acquired little knowledge of Mexico, his teacher’s method of handling such a suit would greatly affect his attitude toward Mexicans.
The media through which the teacher can develop wholesome attitudes are innumerable. Social studies (with special reference to races, creeds and nationalities), science matters of health and safety, the atmosphere of the classroom…these are a few of the fertile fields for the inculcation of proper
emotional reactions.
However, when children come to school with undesirable attitudes, it is unwise for the teacher to attempt to change their feelings by scolding them. She can achieve the proper effect by helping them obtain constructive experiences.
To illustrate, first-grade pupils afraid of policemen will probably alter their attitudes after a classroom chat with the neighborhood officer in which he explains how he protects them. In the same way, a class of older children can develop attitudes through discussion, research, outside reading and all-day trips.
Finally, a teacher must constantly evaluate her own attitudes, because her influence can be deleterious if she has personal
prejudices. This is especially true in respect to controversial issues and questions on which children should be encouraged to reach their own decisions as a result of objective analysis of all the facts.
36. The central idea conveyed in the above passage is that _______.
A. attitudes affect our actions
B. teachers play a significant role in developing or changing pupils’
attitudes
C. attitudes can be changed by some classroom experiences
D. by their attitudes, teachers inadvertently affect pupils’ attitudes.
37. A statement not made of implied in the passage is that _______.
A.attitudes can be based on the learning of falsehoods
B. a child can develop in the classroom an attitude about the importance
of brushing his teeth
C.attitudes cannot easily be changed by rewards and lectures
D.the attitudes of elementary school-aged children are influenced
primarily by the way they were treated as infants
38. The passage specifically states that _______.
A.direct experiences are more valuable than indirect ones
B.whatever attitudes a child learns in school have already been
introduced at home
C.teachers should always conceal their own attitudes.
D.Teachers can sometimes have an unwholesome influence on children
39. The first and fourth paragraphs have all the following points in common
except _______.
A.the importance of experience in building attitudes
B.how fear sometimes governs attitudes
C.how attitudes can be changed in the classroom
D.how reading affects attitudes
40. In the second paragraph, a substitute quotation to serve the writer’s
purpose would be: _______.
A.“poverty is the parent of revolution and crime.”
B.“He that hath wife and children hath given hostages to fortune.
C.“There is a great difference between a cunning man and a wise man.”
D.“Nothing on earth consumes a man more quickly than the passion of
resentment.”
Passage 3
The world is undergoing tremendous changes. The rise of globalization, both economic and cultural that has swept throughout the world, has forged new ground as we enter the 21st century. But are the effects of globalization always positive? Some say no.
Michael Tenet, head of the International Institute for Foreign Relations in Atlanta, is worried about current resentment throughout the world toward the rise of globalization. “Ever since the 1980s and the economic breakdown of the Asian Tigers in the late 1990s, there has been a re-evaluation of the role of globalization as a for ce for good,” he said, “Income in many
countries has declined and the gap between the most rich and the most poor has been worsened. Without further interference by governments, we could see a tragedy expressed in an increased level of poverty throughout t he Latin America and Asia.”
Y et George Frank, an influential economist who works on Wall Street, sees no such danger. “E conomic liberation, increased transparency and market-based reforms have positive effect in the long run, even if market mechanism can produce short term destabilization problems,” he said. “What is most important is that barriers to trade continue to fall so that active competition for consumer goods reduces prices and in turn raises the average level of income.”
Others feel that global ization’s cultural impact may be more important than its economic implications. Janice Y awee, a native of Africa, feels strongly that globalization is weakening her local culture and language. “Most of the world’s dialects will become extinct under globalization. We are paving the world with McDonald’s and English slang. It tears me up inside,” she said.
However, ignoring the political dimensions of globalization has already had its cost. Nowhere was this made clearer than in the East Asian economic crisis of the late 1990s —particularly in Indonesia. In the wake of that crisis, the President Suharto’s regime was overthrown, and the entire country has been thrown into a mess. The Indonesian economy has contracted almost 50 percent, throwing tens of millions of people below the poverty line.
Governments of different countries have had mixed responses to the wave of globalization. The United States is generally seen as an active proponent of greater free trade, and
it certainly has enormous cultural influence by virtue of its near monopoly on worldwide entertainment. But other countries, most notably in Europe and developing nations, have sought to reduce the impact that globalization has on their domestic affairs.
41. It can be inferred that Michael Tenor’s at titude toward globalization is
probably .
A. strongly opposed
B. cautiously agreed
C. somewhat anxious
D. absolutely supportive
42. According to the passage, George Frank .
A. agrees with the comments made by Michael Tenet
B. consents the globalization is favorable to economy
C. believes that the reduction of prices is due to the competition
D. thinks the instability is caused by the economic liberalization
43. The words by Janice Y awee mean that .
A. dialects need more protection by people in the world
B. informal English words are as popular as the McDonald's in the world
C. Janice Y awee’s local culture has vanished in the world
D. the impacts of globalization are great on cultures of the world
44. The author cites the example of Indonesia in order to .
A. prove the impact of globalization on the field of politics
B. show the economic crisis of the late 1990s in East Asia
C. support the successful economic and political reform in Indonesia
D. illustrate why the Suhatro’s regime collapsed
45. This passage implies that .
A. globalization is good for a country’s economic development
B. globalization is widely accepted and advocated by people
C. globalization is too influential on a country’s economy to be accepted
D. globalization is not always of great benef it to a country’s development
Passage 4
Some futurologists have assumed that the vast upsurge of women in the workforce may portend a rejection of marriage. Many women, according to this hypothesis, would rather work than marry. The converse of this concern is that the prospects of becoming a multi-paycheck household could encourage marriage. In the past, only the earnings and financial prospects of the man counted in the marriage decision. Now, however, the earning ability of a woman can make her more attractive as a marriage partner. Data shows that economic downturns tend to postpone marriage because the parties cannot afford to establish a family or are concerned about rainy days ahead. As the economy rebound, the number of marriages also rises.
Coincident with the increasing women working outside the home is the increase in divorce rates. Y et, it may be wrong to jump to reply simple cause-and-effect conclusions. The impact of a wife’s work on divorce is no less cloudy than its impact on marriage decisions. The realization that she can be a good provider may increase the chances that a working wife will choose divorce over an unsatisfactory marriage. But the reverse is equally plausible. Tensions grounded in financial problems
often play a key role in ending a marriage. Given high unemployment, inflationary problems, and slow growth in real earnings, a working wife can increase household income and relieve some of these pressing financial burdens. By raising family’s standard of living, a working wife may strengthen her family’s financial and emotional stability.
Psychological factors also should be considered. For example, a wife blocked from a career outside the home may feel caged in the house. She may view her only choice as seeking a divorce. On the other hand, if she can find fulfillment through work outside the home, work and marriage can go together to create a stronger and more stable union.
Also a major part of women’s inequality in marriage has been due to the fact that in most cases, men have remained the main breadwinner. With higher earning capacity and status occupations outside the home comes the capacity to exercise power, within the family. A working wife may rob a husband of being the master of the house. Depending upon how the couple reacts to these new conditions, it could create a stronger equal partnership or it could create new insecurities.
46. The word “portend” in P aragraph 1 is closest in meaning to “________”.
A. defy
B. signal
C. suffer from
D. result from
47. It is said in the passage that when the economy slides, .
A. men would choose working women as their marriage partners
B. more women would get married to seek financial security
C. even working women would worry about their marriages
D. more people would prefer to remain single for the time being
48. One reason why women with no career may seek a divorce is that _ .
A. they feel that they have been robbed of their freedom
B. they are afraid of being bossed around by their husbands
C. they feel that their partners fall to live up to their expectations
D. they tend to suspect their husbands' loyalty to their marriage
49. If women find fulfillment through work outside the home, .
A. they are more likely to dominate their marriage partners
B. their husbands are expected to do more housework
C. their marriage ties can be strengthened
D. they tend to put their career before marriage
50. Which of the following statements can best summarize the author’s view
in the passage?
A. The stability of marriage and the divorce rate may reflect the economic
situation of the country.
B. Even when economically independent, most women have to struggle
for real equality in marriage.
C. In order to secure their marriage, women should work outside the home
and remain independent.
D. The impact of the growing female workforce on marriage
varies from
case to case.
Passage 5
In evolutionary terms, humans are relative newcomers to earth, but in a short time they have established themselves as the most successful and dominant species. As Carl Sagan has commented, humans arrived late in December if we consider evolutionary time in terms of a calendar year. As our earliest ancestors left the forest to feed in the savannas and finally to form hunting societies on the open plains, their minds and behavior changed.
The theory of natural selection provides an explanation of the evolutionary process. This theory is based on Charles Darwin’s observations of many animal species around the world. Darwin pointed out that organisms reproduce at rates that could lead to enormous increases in population sizes of most species.
However, despite these massive reproductive capacities, population size tends to remain fairly constant.
Darwin stressed that there is extensive variability-sometimes referred to as genetic diversity-among individuals in a species. Some of these variations appear advantageous for survival. Darwin argued that individuals characterized by these beneficial characteristics would be more likely to survive and succeed in reproducing themselves. Gradually, the organisms with the favorable characteristics would comprise a greater proportion of the population, and over a long period of time, the reproductive advantage could produce a gradual modification of the whole population. However, if environmental conditions change, new sets of characteristics might be favored and the whole process could move off in a different direction.
Evolution proceeds at a very slow pace indeed. For example, the lines leading to the emergence of human beings and the great apes began to diverge about 14 million years ago. Modern man came into existence about 50, 000 years ago. The beginning of civilization as we know it began about 10, 000 years ago. In the ensuring years there have been no sweeping evolutionary changes in humans. This is not surprising because we have existed for only about 50, 000 years and it takes much longer for
a mammalian species to develop.
51. Which of the following statements is certain?
A. Humans emerged later than most animals on earth.
B. Humans came into existence when the earth was cold.
C. Humans became hunters 10,000 years ago.
D. No evolution has taken place in humans in the last 10,000 years.
52. Why does population size remain relatively constant?
A. Organisms do not reproduce at high enough rates.
B. Few organisms are characterized with favorable characteristics.
C. Some variations in a species fail to survive.
D. Evolution takes a longer time than could be imaged.
53. According to Darwin, evolution is chiefly determined by _______.
A. biological factors
B. environmental factors
C. interspecies factors
D. reproduction time
54. The word “diverge” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to “__”
A. render
B. corrupt
C. deviate
D. derive
55. Evolution in a species often starts_______.
A. collectively
B. in some individuals
C. suddenly
D. in a sweeping manner
Passage 6
Mass production, the defining characteristic of the Second Wave economy, becomes increasingly obsolete as firms install information intens ive, often robotized manufacturing systems capable of endless deep variation, even customization, The revolutionary result is, in effect, the de-massification of mass production.
The shift toward smart flex-techs promotes diversity and feeds consumer choice to the point that a Wal-Mart store can offer the buyer nearly 110,000 products in various types, sizes, models and colors to choose among.
But Wal-Mart is a mass merchandiser. Increasingly, the mass market itself is breaking up into differentiated niches as customer needs diverge and better information makes it possible for businesses to identify and serve micro-markets. Specialty stores, boutiques, superstores, TV home-shopping systems, computer-based buying, direct mail and other systems provide a growing diversity of channels through which producers can distribute their wares to customers in an increasingly de-massified marketplace. When we wrote Future Shock in the late1960s, visionary marketers began talking about “market segmentation.”Today they no longer focus on “segments”but
on “particles”—family units and even single individuals.
Meanwhile, advertising is targeted at smaller and smaller market segments reached through increasingly de-massified media. The dramatic breakup of mass audiences is underscored by the crisis of the once great TV networks, ABC, CBS and NBC, at a time when Tele-Communications, Inc. of Denver, announces a fiber-optic network capable of providing viewers with five hundred interactive channels of television. Such systems mean that sellers will be able to target buyers with even greater precision. The simultaneous de-massification of production, distribution and communication revolutionizes the economy and shifts it from homogeneity toward extreme heterogeneity.
56. What would be a proper title for this passage?
A. Future Shock
B. De-massification
C. Changing Trend
D. Market Segmentation
57. Which is true about “mass production” according to the author?
A. It promotes further development in manufacturing systems.
B. It defines the Second Wave economy and will last.
C. It involves intensive information, automation, and customization.
D. It is becoming dated for the present economy.
58. The author calls those marketers “visionary” mainly because_______.
A. they began talking about “market segmentation” in 1960s.
B. they focus on “market particles.”。