EMC专业术语英汉对照

EMC Terminology
EMC专业术语BASIC CONCEPTS 基本概念
Electromagnetic environment: The totality of electromagnetic phenomena existing at
a given location.
电磁环境：存在于给定场所的电磁现象的总和。

Radio environment: The electromagnetic environment in the radio frequency range.
The totality of electromagnetic fields created at a given location by operation, of radio transmitters.
无线电环境：无线电频率范围内的电磁环境。

在给定场所内处于工作状态的无线电发射机产生的电磁场总和。

Electromagnetic noise: A time-varying electromagnetic phenomenon apparently not conveying information and which may be superimposed or combined with a wanted signal.
电磁噪声：一种明显不传送信息的时变电磁现象，它可能与有用的信号叠加或组合。

Natural (atmospheric) noise: Electromagnetic noise having its source in natural (atmospheric) phenomena and not generated by man-made devices.
自然（天电）噪声：来源于自然（天电）现象而非人工装置产生的电磁噪声。

Man- made (equipment) noise: Electromagnetic noise having its source in the man-made devices
人为（设备）噪声：来源于人工装置的电磁噪声。

Radio frequency noise: Electromagnetic noise having components in the radio fre-quency range.
无线电频率噪声：具有无线电频率分量的电磁噪声。

Electromagnetic radio noise:The total electromagnetic disturbance complex in which an equipment, subststem, or system may be immersed exclusive of its own electromagnetic contribution.
环境无线电噪声：可浸没任一设备、子系统或系统的全部电磁骚扰的合成，其中不包含
Narrowband radio noise: Radio noise having a spectrum exhibiting one or more sharp peaks, narrow in width compared to the nominal bandwidth of, and far
enough apart to be resolved by, the measuring instruments (or the
communication receiver to be protected).
窄带无线电噪声：频谱显示有一个或多个尖峰且宽度比标称带宽窄的无线电噪声，其标称带宽离测量仪器（或已防护的通信接收机）可分辨的带宽足够远。

Narrowband radio noise: Radio noise having a spectrum broad in width as compared to the nominal bandwidth of the measuring instrument, and whose spectral
components are sufficiently close together and uniform that the measuring
instrument cannot resolve them.
宽带无线电噪声：频谱宽度比测量仪器标称带宽宽的无线电噪声，其谱分量之间相距足够近而且均匀，以致测量仪器不能分辨它们。

Electromagnetic radiation: The phenomenon by which energy in the form of electro-magnetic waves emanates from a source into space. Energy transferred through space in the form of electromagnetic waves. (By extension, the term radiation sometimes also covers induction phenomena.)
电磁辐射：能量以电磁波的形式由源发射到空间的现象。

能量以电磁波形式在空间传播。

（电磁辐射一词的含义有时也可引申，将电磁感应现象也包括在内。

）Electromagnetic disturbance:Any electromagnetic phenomenon that may degrade the performance of a device, equipment, or system, or adversely affect living or inert matter. (An electromagnetic disturbance may be electromagnetic noise, an unwanted signal, or a change in the propagation medium itself.)
电磁骚扰：任何可能引起装置、设备或系统性能降低或者对有生命或无生命物质产生损坏作用的电磁现象。

Radio frequency disturbance: An electromagnetic disturbance having components in the radio frequency range.
无线电频率骚扰：具有无线电频率分量的电磁骚扰。

Unwanted signal: undesired signal: A signal that may impair the reception of a wanted signal.
无用信号：可能损害有用信号接收的信号。

Interfering signal: A signal that impairs the reception of a wanted signal.
干扰信号：损害有用信号接收的信号。

Degradation (of performance):An undesired departure in the operational performance of any device, equipment, or system from its intended performance.
(The term degradation can apply to temporary or permanent failure.)
（性能）降低：装置、设备或系统的工作性能与正常性能的非期望偏离。

（术语性能降低可用于临时性或永久性失效。

）
Electromagnetic interference (EMI): Degradation of the performance of a device, equipment, or system caused by an electromagnetic disturbance.
电磁干扰（EMI）：电磁骚扰引起的设备、传输通道或系统性能的下降。

Radio frequency interference (RFI): Degradation of the reception of a wanted signal caused by radio frequency disturbance.
无线电频率干扰（RFI）：由无线电骚扰引起的有用信号接收性能的下降。

Digital device: information technology equipment (ITE) , that fails into the class of unintentional radiators, uses digital techniques and generators, and uses timing signals or pulses at a rate in excess of 9000 pulses per second.
数字装置：一种信息技术设备（ITE），属于采用数字技术和发生器一类的非故意辐射器，并采用速率超过每秒9 000个脉冲的时钟信号或脉冲。

Information technology equipment (ITR): Unintentional radiator equipment designed for one or more of the following purposes:
1. Receiving data from an external source (such as a data input line or a keyboard)
2. Performing some processing functions, of the received data (such as computation, data transformation or recording, filing, sorting, storage, transfer of data)
3. Providing a data output (either to other equipment or by the reproduction of data or images) .
This definition includes electrical/electronic units or systems that predominantly
generate a multiplicity of periodic, binary pulsed electrical/electronic waveforms and are designed to perform data processing functions such as word processing, electronic computation, data transformation, recording, filing, sorting, storage, retrieval and transfer, and reproduction of data as images'
信息技术设备（ITE）：为达到下列一个或多个目的而设计的非故意辐射器设备：
1. 接收来自外部源（例如通过数据线或键盘输入）的数据。

2. 对接收到的数据进行某些处理（如计算、数据转换或记录、建档、分类、存
储和传送。

）
3. 提供数据输出（或送至另一设备或再现数据或图像）。

这个定义包括那些主要产生各种周期性二进制电气或电子脉冲波形，并实现数据处理功能的单元或系统：诸如文字处理、电子计算、数据转换、记录、建档、分类、存储、恢复及传递，以及用图像再现数据等。

Personal computer: A system containing a host and a limited number of peripherals designed to be used in the home or in small offices, which enables individuals to perform a variety of computing or word processing functions or both, and which typically is of a size permitting it and its peripherals to be located, on a table
surface.
Note: other definitions given in product standards or applicable regulations may take precedence.
个人计算机：一种包含主机与有限数量外设的系统，设计成可在家庭或小型办公室中使用，以便个人能够完成各种计算或文字处理功能或两种功能兼备；它的典型尺寸为可将它及其外设放在一张桌面上。

注意：在产品标准或适用的规范中给出的其他定义可以优先采纳。

Peripheral device:A digital accessory that feeds data into or receives 'data from another device (host) that, in turn, controls its operation.
外围设备：将数据馈入其他设备（主机）或接收来自其他设备（主机）的数据以控制其工作的数字辅助设备。

Incidental radiator:A device that .produces RF energy during the course of its operation, although the device is not intentionally designed to generate or .emit RF energy. Examples of incidental radiators are DC motors and mechanical light switches.
附随辐射器：并非有意地设计成产生或发射射频能量，但在其工作过程中会产生射频能量的装置，例如直流电动机和机械电灯开关。

Intentional radiator: A device that intentionally generates and emits RF energy by radiation or induction.
故意辐射器：靠辐射或感应故意产生并发射射频能量的装置。

DISTURBANCE WAVEFORMS 骚扰的波形
Transient:Pertaining to or designating a phenomenon or a quantity that varies between two consecutive steady states during a time interval short compared to the time scale of interest.
瞬态（的）：在两个相邻状态之间变化的物理量或物理现象，其变化时间小于所关注的时间尺度。

Pulse: An abrupt variation of short duration of a physical quantity followed by a rapid return to the initial value.
脉冲：在短时间内突变，随后又迅速返回其初始值的物理量。

Pulse count: The number of pulses in some specified time interval.
脉冲计数：在指定时间间隔内脉冲的个数。

Impulse: A pulse that, for a given application, approximates a unit pulse or a Dirac function.
冲激脉冲：针对某给定用途，近似于一单位脉冲或迪拉克函数的脉冲。

Impulsive disturbance: Electromagnetic noise that, when incident on a particular device or equipment, manifests itself as a succession of distinct pulses or
transients.
脉冲骚扰：在某一特定装置或设备上出现的、表现为一连串清晰脉冲或瞬态的电磁骚扰。

Random noise: Electromagnetic noise, the values of which at given instants are not predictable, except in a statistical sense.
随机噪声：（给定瞬间其值不可预测的噪声。

）给定瞬间其值不可预测而只有统计意义的电磁噪声。

Electrostatic discharge (ESD): A transfer of electric charge between bodies of different electrostatic potential in proximity or through direct contact.
静电放电（ESD）：具有不同静电电位的物体相互靠近或直接接触而产生的电荷转移。

Surge (surge-protective device): A transient wave of current, potential, or power in an electric circuit.
浪涌（浪涌防护装置）：电路中的电流、电势或功率瞬态波。

Swell: A momentary increase in the power frequency voltage delivered by the mains, outside of the normal tolerances, with a duration of more than one cycle and less than a few seconds.
隆起：干线传输的电源频率的电压瞬间增大，超出了标准公差、持续时间超过一个周期而小于几秒。

Surge let-through: That part of the surge that passes by a surge protective device with little or no alteration.
允过浪涌：很少变化或无变化地通过浪涌防护装置的那部分浪涌。

Surge remnant:That part of an applied surge that remains downstream of one or several protective devices.
浪涌残余：外加浪涌经过一个或几个防护装置后剩余的部分。

Continuous disturbance: Electromagnetic disturbance, the effects of which on a par-ticular device or equipment cannot be resolved into a succession of distinct ef-fects.
连续骚扰：对一个特定设备的效应不能分解为一串能清晰可辨的效应的电磁骚扰。

Continuous noise: Electromagnetic noise, the effects of which on a particular device or equipment cannot be resolved into a succession of distinct effects.
连续噪声：对一个特定设备的效应不能分解为一串能清晰可辨的效应的噪声。

Quasi-impulsive noise: Electromagnetic noise equivalent to a superposition of impul-
sive noise and continuous noise.
准冲击噪声：等效于脉冲噪声与连续噪声的叠加的电磁噪声。

Discontinuous interference: Electromagnetic interference occurring during certain interference-free time intervals.
非连续干扰:出现于被无干扰间隙隔开的一定时间间隔内的电磁干扰。

INTERFERENCE CONTROL 干扰控制
Electromagnetic susceptibility:The inability of a device, equipment, or system to perform, without degradation in the presence of an electromagnetic disturbance.
(Susceptibility is a lack of immunity.)
电磁敏感性：在存在电磁骚扰的情况下，装置、设备或系统不能避免性能降低的能力特性。

（敏感性高，抗扰性低。

）
Immunity (to a disturbance):The ability of a device, equipment, or system to perform without degradation in the presence of an electromagnetic disturbance. （对骚扰的）抗扰性：装置、设备或系统面临电磁骚扰而不降低运行性能的能力。

Internal immunity: Ability of a device, equipment, or system to perform without degradation in the presence of electromagnetic disturbances appearing at its normal input terminals or antennas.
内部抗扰性：装置、设备或系统在其常规输入端或天线处存在电磁骚扰时能正常工作而无性能降低的能力。

Immunity level: The maximum level of a given electromagnetic disturbance incident on a particular device, equipment, or system for which it remains capable of operating at a required degree of performance.
抗扰性电平：将给定电磁骚扰施加于某一装置、设备或系统而其仍能正常工作并保存所需性能等级时的最大骚扰电平。

Immunity limit: The specified minimum immunity level.
抗扰度限值：规定的最小抗扰性电平。

Immunity margin：'The difference between the immunity limit of a device, equipment, or system and the electromagnetic compatibility level.
抗扰度裕量：装置、设备或系统的抗扰性限值与电磁兼容电平之间的差值。

External immunity:Ability of a device, equipment, or system to perform without degradation in the presence of electromagnetic disturbances entering other than via its normal input terminals or antennas.
外部抗扰性：装置、设备或系统在电磁骚扰经由除常规输入端或天线以外的途径侵入的情况下，能正常工作而无性能降低的能力。

Limit of disturbance: The maximum permissible electromagnetic disturbance level, as measured in a specified way.
骚扰限值（允许值）：对于规定测量方法的最大电磁骚扰允许电平。

Limit of interference：Maximum permissible degradation of the performance of a device, equipment or system duo to an electromagnetic disturbance (Because of the difficulty of measuring: interference in many systems, frequently the term limit of interference is used in English instead of limit of disturbance.)
干扰限值（允许值）：（电磁骚扰使装置、设备或系统最大允许的性能降低。

）电
磁骚扰使装置、设备或系统性能降低的最大允许值。

（因为在很多系统中干扰难以测量，所以在英文中干扰限值一词常常用骚扰限值替代。

）Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC): The ability of a device, equipment, or system to function satisfactorily in its electromagnetic environment without introducing intolerable electromagnetic disturbances to anything in .that environment.
电磁兼容性（EMC）：设备或系统在其电磁环境中能正常工作且不对该环境中任何事物构成不能承受的电磁骚扰的能力。

Intersystem electromagnetic compatibility:The condition that enables a system to function without perceptible degradation caused by electromagnetic sources in another system.
系统间电磁兼容性：使系统能够不出现由另一系统电磁源造成明显性能降低的条件。

Intrasystem electromagnetic compatibility: The condition that enables the various portions of a system to function without perceptible degradation caused, by electromagnetic sources in other portions of the same system.
系统内电磁兼容性：使系统各部分都能够不出现由该系统不同部分电磁源造成的明显性能降低的条件。

Electromagnetic compatibility level: The specified maximum electromagnetic distur-bance level expected to be impressed on a device, equipment, or system operated in particular conditions.
电磁兼容电平：预期加在工作于指定条件的装置、设备或系统上的规定的最大电磁骚扰电平。

Electromagnetic compatibility margin: The ratio of the immunity level of a device, equipment, or system to the reference disturbance level.
电磁兼容裕量：装置、设备或系统的抗扰性电平与骚扰源的发射限值之间的差值。

Earth-coupled interference, ground-coupled interference:Electromagnetic interference resulting from, an electromagnetic disturbance coupled from one circuit to another through, a common earth or ground-return path.
地耦合干扰：电磁骚扰从一电路通过公共地或地回路耦合到另一电路从而引起的电磁干扰。

Suppressor; suppression component: A component specially designed, for distur-bance suppression.
抑制器：专门设计来抑制骚扰的器件。

Disturbance suppression:Action that reduces or eliminates electromagnetic disturbance.
骚扰抑制：削弱或消除电磁骚扰的措施。

Interference suppression: Action that reduces or eliminates electromagnetic inter-ference.
干扰抑制：削弱或消除电磁干扰的措施。

Measurements 测量
Equipment under test (EUT): A device or system, used for .evaluation that is representative of a product to be marketed.
受试设备（EUT）：用来对市售产品做出评估的装置或系统的样品。

Low-voltage electrical and electronic, equipment:Electrical and electronic equipment with operating input voltages of up to 600 V DC or 1000 V AC.
低压电气与电子设备：工作时输入的直流电压不高于600 V或交流电压不高于1000V的电气、电子设备。

Conducted radio noise: Radio noise produced by equipment operation, which, exists on the power line (or signal lines) of the equipment and is measurable under specified conditions as a voltage or current.
传导无线电噪声：设备工作时产生的无线电噪声，它存在于设备的电源线（或信号线）上，并可在规定条件下作为电压或电流进行测量。

Power line conducted radio noise: Radio noise produced .by equipment operation, which exists on the power line of the equipment and is measurable under
specified conditions. Note: It may enter a receptor, such as ITE, by direct
coupling or by subsequent radiation from some circuit elements.
电源线传导无线电噪声：设备工作时产生的无线电噪声，它存在于设备的电源线上，并可在规定条件下进行测量。

注意，通过直接耦合或某些电路元件的二次辐射，它可进入诸如ITE之类的接收器。

Common-made radio noise: Conducted radio noise that appears between a common reference plane (ground) and oil wires of a transmission line, causing their potentials to be changed simultaneously, and by the same amount relative to the common reference plane (ground).
共模无线电噪声：出现在公共参考面（地）与传输线所有导线之间，造成它们的电位同步变化且相对于公共参考面（地）数值相同的传导无线电噪声。

Floor-standing equipment: Equipment designed to be used directly in contact with the floor, or supported above the floor on a surface designed to support both the equipment and the operator (e.g., a raised computer floor).
地上设备：设计成直接与地面接触或置于地板上的设备（地板用于支撑地面上方的设备和操作人员，例如高出地面的计算机地板）。

Table-top device: A device designed to be placed and normally operated on the raised Surface of a table, e.g., most personal computers.
桌面设备：设计成放置在桌面上使用的设备，例如大多数个人计算机。

Differential-mode radio noise: Conducted radio noise that causes the potential of one side of the signal transmission path to be changed relative to another side.
差模无线电噪声：造成信号传输路径一侧的电位相对于另一侧变化的传导无线电噪声。

Artificial mains network; fine impedance stabilization network (LISN): A network inserted in the supply mains lead of an apparatus to be tested providing, in a given frequency range, a specified load impedance for (he measurement of disturbance voltages and possibly isolating the apparatus from the supply mains in that frequency range.
人工电源网络、线路阻抗稳定网络（LISN）：串接在被试设备电源进线处的网络。

它在给定频率范围内，为骚扰电压的测量提供规定的负载阻抗，并使被试设备与电源相互隔离。

Delta network: An artificial mains network enabling the common-mode and differen-
tial-mode voltages of a single-phase circuit to be measured separately.
德尔塔网络：能够分别测量单相电路共模电压和差模电压的人工电源网络。

V-networks:An artificial mains network enabling the voltages between each conductor and earth to be measured separately. (The V-network may be designed for application to networks of any number of conductors.).
V形网络：能够分别测量每个导体对地电压的人工电源网络。

（V形网络可设计成用于任意导体数的网络。

）
Current probe: A device for measuring the current in a conductor without interrupting the conductor and without introducing significant impedance into the associated circuits.
电流探头：在不断开导体且不对相应电路引入显著阻抗的情况下，测量导体电流的装置。

Surface transfer impedance (of a coaxial line): The quotient of the voltage induced in the center conductor of a coaxial line per unit length by the current on the external surface of the coaxial line.
（同轴线的）表面转移阻抗：同轴线内导体单位长度上的感生电压与同轴线外表面上的电流之比。

Ground reference plane: A flat conductive surface whose potential is used as a com-mon reference.
接地（参考）平面：一块导电平面，其电位用作公共参考电位。

Shielded enclosure; screened room:A mesh or sheet metallic housing designed exclusively for the purpose of electromagnetically separating the internal and.
the external environment.
屏蔽壳体、屏蔽室：专门设计用来隔离内外电磁环境的网状或薄板金属壳体。

OPEN-AREA TEST SITES开阔试验场地
Standard antenna calibration site: A flat, open area site which has a metallic ground plane and is devoid of nearby scatterers such as trees, power lines, and fences.
标准天线较准场地：具有金属接地平面且附近没有树木、输电线和栅栏之类散射体的平坦开阔场地。

Ambient level: The values of radiated and conducted signal and noise existing at a specific test location and time when the test sample is not activated.
背景电平：受试样品尚未启动时，在指定试验地点与时间存在的辐射的和传导的信号及噪声之量值。

Antenna factor: Quantity relating the strength of the field in which the antenna is immersed to the output voltage across the load connected to the antenna.
天线系数：表示天线所在处电场强度与天线端接负载上输出电压之间关系的量。

Site attenuation: The ratio of the power input to a matched balanced lossless tuned dipole radiator to that at the output of a similarly balanced matched lossless
tuned dipole receiving antenna for specified polarization, separation, and heights above a flat reflecting surface.
场地衰减：对于规定的极化、收发天线间距及距反射平面高度，输入匹配平衡无耗调谐偶极子辐射器的功率与同样是匹配平衡无耗调谐的偶极子接收天线
输出功率之比值。

Normalized site attenuation (NSA): Site attenuation divided by the antenna factors of the radiating and receiving antennas (ail in linear units).
归一化场地衰减（NSA）：场地衰减除以发射天线与接收天线的天线系数（全部用线性单位）。

Radiated radio noise: Radio noise energy in the form of an electromagnetic field including both the radiation and induction components of the field.
辐射无线电噪声：电磁场形态的无线电噪声能量，包括场的辐射分量与感应分量。

Radiated emission test site: A site meeting specified requirements suit able for measuring radio interference fields radiated by a device equipment, or system
under test.
辐射发射试验场地：适用于测量由受试装置、设备或系统辐射的无线电干扰场的且满足规定要求的场地。

Single-signal method: A method of measurement in which the response of the receiver to an unwanted signal is measured in the absence of the wanted signal.
单信号法：在没有有用信号的情况下测量接收机对无用信号响应的方法。

Two-signal method: A method of .measurement that determines the response of the receiver to an unwanted signal in the presence of the wanted signal. (For this
method, the detailed test procedure and the criterion to use must be defined for each type of receiver tested.)
双信号法：在存在有用信号情况下确定接收机对无用信号响应的测量方法。

（用这种方法时，对每种被测接收机都必须规定详细的测试方法和采用的标准。

）
RECEIVER AND TRANSMITTER TERMS 接收机与发射机术语
Broadcast receiver: A device designed to receives transmissions from a licensed station on frequencies that are authorized for commercial or public broadcasting. 广播接收机：用来接收被批准用于商业或公共广播事业的电台在许可频率上所发送信号的设备。

Bandwidth (of a device): The width of the frequency band over which a given characteristic of an equipment or transmission .channel does not differ from its reference value by more than a specified amount or ratio. (The given characteristic may be, for example, that of amplitude/frequency, phase/frequency, or
delay/frequency.)
（设备的）带宽：设备或传输信道的给定特性偏离其参考值不超过某一规定值或比率时的频带宽度。

（例如，这个给定的特性可以是幅/频特性、相/频特性或时延/频率特性。

）
Bandwidth (of an emission or signal): The width of the frequency band outside of which the level of any spectral component does not exceed a specified percentage or a reference level.
（发射或信号的）带宽：任一带外频谱分量的电平都不超过参考电平的某一规定百分比的频带宽度。

Occupied bandwidth: The frequency bandwidth such that, below its lower and above its upper frequency limits, the mean powers radiated are each equal to 0.5 percent of the total mean power radiated by a given emission. In some cases, for example multichannel frequency division systems, the percentage of 0.5 percent may lead to certain difficulties in the practical application of the definition of occupied
bandwidth; in such cases a different percentage may be useful.
占用带宽：低于频率下限与高于频率上限的带宽上发射的平均功率各等于一给定发射辐射的总平均功率的0.5%。

在某些情况下，例如多信道频率分派系统，0.5%这样的百分比在确定占用带宽的实际应用中会造成一定的困难，对于这种情况可采用不同的百分比。

Broadband device:A device whose bandwidth is such that it is able to accept and process all the spectral components of a particular emission.
宽带设备：带宽足以接收和处理特定发射的所有频谱分量的设备。

Narrowband device: A device whose bandwidth is such that it is able to accept and process only a portion of the spectral components of a particular emission.
窄带设备：带宽只能满足接收和处理某一特定发射的部分频谱分量的设备。

Emission: An act of throwing out or giving off, generally used here in reference to electromagnetic energy.
发射：这里通常是指发出或放出电磁能量的一种作用。

Broadband emission: An emission that has a bandwidth greater than that of a particular measuring apparatus or receiver.
宽带发射：带宽大于某一特定测量设备或接收机带宽的发射。

Narrowband emission: An emission that has a bandwidth less than that of a particular measuring apparatus or receiver.
窄带发射：带宽小于特定测量设备或接收机带宽的发射。

Out-of-band emission: Emission on a frequency or frequencies immediately outside the necessary bandwidth that results from the modulation process, but excluding spurious emissions.
带外发射：由调制过程紧靠必要带宽的单个或多个带外频率点上的发射。

杂散发射除外。

Spurious emission (of a transmitting station): Emission on a frequency or frequencies that are outside the necessary bandwidth and the level of which may be reduced without affecting the corresponding transmission of information.
（发射台的）杂散发射：必要带宽外的单个或多个频率点上的发射。

可以减小其电平而不影响相应的信息传输。

Selectivity: The ability or a measure of the ability of a receiver to discriminate between
a wanted signal to which it is tuned and an unwanted signal having frequency
components generally lying outside the receiver bandwidth.
选择性：接收机分辨给定的有用信号与无用信号的能力或这一能力的度量。

Effective selectivity: selectivity under specified special conditions such as when input receiver circuits are overloaded.
有效选择性：在规定的特殊条件下，例如接收机输入电路过载时的选择性。

Adjacent-channel selectivity: The selectivity measured with a signal spacing equal to the channel spacing.
邻频道选择性：用于频道间隔相等的信号间隔所测得的选择性。

Desensitization: A reduction of the wanted output of the receiver because of an unwanted signal.
灵敏度降低：由于无用信号引起的接收机有用输出的减小。

Cross modulation: Modulation of the carrier of a wanted signal by an unwanted signal, introduced by interaction of the signals in nonlinear devices, networks, or
transmission media.
交调：非线性设备、电网络或传播媒介中信号的相互作用所产生的无用信号对有用的调制。

Intermodulation: A process occurring in a nonlinear device or transmission medium whereby the spectral components of the input signal or signals interact to produce new components having frequencies equal' to linear combinations with integral coefficients of the frequencies of the input components.
互调：发生在非线性的器件或传媒介中的过程由此一个或多个输入信号的频谱分量互相作用，产生出新的分量，它们的频率等于各输入信号分量频率的整倍数的线性组合。

Image rejection ratio: The ratio of the level of a specified signal at the image frequency to the level of a signal at the tuned frequency producing the same output power. 镜像抑制比：接收机镜像频率上的规定信号电平与产生同样输出功率的调谐频率的（有用）信号电平之比。

Intermediate-frequency rejection ratio: The ratio of the level of a specified signal at any intermediate frequency used in a receiver to the level of the wanted signal producing equal output power.
中频抑制比：接收机中使用的任一中频频率上的规定信号电平与产生同样输出功率的有用信号电平之比。

Signal-to-disturbance ratio: The ratio of the wanted signal level to the electromagnetic disturbance levels as measured under specified conditions.
信骚比：规定条件下测得的有用信号电平与电磁骚扰电平之间的比值。

Signal-to-noise ratio: The ratio of the wanted signal level to the electromagnetic noise level as measured under specified conditions.
信噪比：规定条件下测得的有用信号电平与电磁噪声电平之间的比值。

Protection ratio: The minimum value of the signal-to-disturbance ratio required to achieve a specified performance of a device or equipment.
保护率：装置或设备达到规定性能所需的最小信骚比。

STATISTICAL MODELS 统计模型
Distribution function [P(x)]: The probability that a parameter is less than a given value x.
分布函数 [P（x）]：某一参数小于给定值x的概率。

Probability density function: The derivative of the distribution function P(x).
概率密度函数：分布函数P（x）的导数。

Amplitude probability distribution (APD): The fraction of the total time interval for which the envelope of a function is above a given level x.
幅度概率分布（APD）：函数的包络大于给定值x的时间段相对于总时间间隔的百分率。

Envelope amplitude distribution (EAD): A cumulative distribution of the impulse response positive crossing rates of a bandpass filter at different spectrum ampli-tudes.
包络幅值分布（EAD）：带通滤波器在频谱幅值不同时的脉冲响应正交扰率的累积分布。

Noise amplitude distribution (NAD): A distribution showing the pulse amplitude that is equaled or exceeded as a function of pulse repetition rate.
噪声幅值分布（NAD）：随脉冲重复率变化的一种表征达到或超过脉冲幅值的分布函数。

Average crossing rate: The average rate at which a specified level (zero if not specified) is crossed in the positive-going direction.
平均交扰率：规定的电平（若不规定则为0）被正向被交扰的平均比率。

Power density: Emitted power per unit cross-sectional area normal to the direction of propagation.
功率密度：垂直于传播方向的每单位横截面积上辐射通过的功率。

FREQUENCY SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT 频谱管理Radio waves or Hertzian waves: Electromagnetic waves of frequencies arbitrarily lower than 3000 GHz, propagated in space without artificial guide.
无线电波或赫兹波：无人工导引情况下在空间传播的任何频率低于3 000 GHz的电磁波。

Radiation: The outward flow of energy from any source in the form of radio waves. 辐射：从源发出的能量以无线电波的形式向外传播。

Emission: Radiation produced, or the production of radiation, by a radio transmitting station. (For example, the energy radiated by the local oscillator or a radio receiver would not be an emission but a radiation.) Note: However, in the field of EMI/ EMC, the term emission is used to describe the electromagnetic interference (both radiated and conducted) generated by an apparatus or an appliance.
发射：由无线电发射电台产生的辐射或辐射产物。

[例如，由本地振荡器或无线电接收机产生的能量辐射不是发射，而是辐射。

]注意：然而在EMI/EMC 领域，术语发射用来描述由仪器或设备产生的电磁干扰（含辐射的与传导的两种）。

Out-of-band emission: Emission on a frequency or frequencies immediately outside the necessary bandwidth which results from the modulation process, but excluding spurious emissions.
带外发射：紧挨在必需的由调制过程造成的带宽之外的一个或多个频率的辐射，但不包括杂散辐射。

Spurious emission:Emission on a frequency or frequencies which are outside the necessary bandwidth, the level of which may be reduced without affecting the corresponding transmission of information. Spurious emissions include harmonic emissions, parasitic emissions, intermodulation products, and。