高考英语二轮专题复习 阅读理解 环境保护类提分训练(真题集锦,含解析)新人教版

高考英语二轮专题复习阅读理解环境保护类提分训练（真题集锦，含解析）新人教版
Passage1 （2010·重庆卷·D）
Sitting on the peaceful coast of Galapagos Islands. Ecuador, watching the sun move quietly into the sea, you shouldn’t forget that Charles Darwin (1809-1882) arrived here in 1835. He stayed on the islands for five weeks, observing various animals. This finally inspired (启发) his famous work, On the Origin of Species. You can certainly follow Darwin’s footsteps and enjoy a trip from four to seven days to the islands.
The islands are certainly a paradise (天堂) for wildlife, as there are no natural killers on the islands and the number of boats and visitors is under government control. Though you cannot walk freely as Darwin did about 200 years ago, each day is as impressive as it could be.
The most well-known animal of the Galapagos is the giant tortoise（巨型陆龟），which can be seen moving slowly around the highlands of Santa Cruz, the second largest island in the archipelago （群岛）. Some of these creatures are so old that they might have been seen in their youth by Darwin himself.
Despite strict control over activities and timing, your stay on the Galapagos will be remembered as a chain of incomparable pictures; diving with sea lions that swim and play within inches of you; feeling small sharks touch your feet as you swim; and, most magically, seeing a whale and her baby surface with a great breath of air. Traveling between the islands and observing the wildlife that so inspired Darwin, you will feel as though you are getting a special view of an untouched world. At night you will sleep on board the ship, leaving the wildlife in complete occupation of the islands, which are as undisturbed now as they have been since the beginning of time.
68. What do we know about Darwin’s visit to the isl ands?
A．He studied different creatures on the islands.
B．He completed his famous book on the islands.
C．He was touched by the geography of the islands.
D．He was attracted by well-known animals of the islands.
69. Which of the following plays a role in maki ng the islands “a paradise for wildlife”?
A．Animals on the islands feed on grass.
B．Local government forbids killing wildlife.
C．People cannot visit the islands as they wish.
D．Tourists are not allowed to touch the animals.
70．Your stay on the islands will be most impressive mainly because of . A．the beautiful sea views B．Darwin’s inspiring trip
C．a closer view of animals D．various daring activities
71．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage？
A．A Unique Attraction for Wildlife Lovers
B．Galapagos as a Paradise for Adventurers
C．Charles Darwin as a symbol of Galapagos
D．A Successful Example of wildlife Protection
【文章大意】本文介绍了一个野生动物的乐园Galapagos Islands，达尔文曾在这儿受到启发写出了《物种起源》一书，尽管在这里时间、数量受政府控制，但可以和动物密切接触，由于这里保护得很好，直到现在依然是旅游的好去处。

68．【解析】选A。

细节理解题。

第一段第二、三句告诉我们他在岛上住了五周，观察各种各样的动物。

这最终启发了他写出名著《物种起源》所以A项正确。

排除了B项“在岛上完成了著名著作”；C项“被岛上的地表特征打动”，文中没提到，D项“被岛上的动物迷住了”，与文中observing意思不相符。

69．【解析】选C。

细节理解题。

文章第二段第一句告诉我们岛上没有天敌，船和游客的数量都在政府控制中，尽管你不能像200年前达尔文那样随意走动，但是每一天对你来说都会留下很深的印象。

C项“人们不能随便参观这个岛”符合文意。

选项A “动物以草为食”，文中没提到。

选项B “当地政府禁止捕杀野生动物”与“船的数量受政府控制”不一致。

D 项与倒数第二段的内容不相符合。

70．【解析】选C。

倒数第二段告诉我们作为一系列无与伦比的画面，你将永远记住这一段时间与海狮、鲸鱼和鲨鱼的近距离接触。

所以C项正确。

71．【解析】选A。

主旨大意题。

文章以岛上的野生动物为主线来说这个地方的迷人之处和独特的价值。

所以选A “野生动物爱好者们的一个独特的地方”。

Passage 2 （2010·江苏卷·B）
It is reported that conservation groups in North America have been arguing about the benefits and dangers of wolves. Some groups believe wolves should be killed. Other people believe wolves must be protected so that they will not disappear from the wilderness (荒野).
For Killing Wolves
In Alaska, the wolf almost disappeared a few years ago, because hunters were killing hundreds of them for sport. However, laws were established to protect the wolves from sportsmen and people who catch the animals for their fur. So the wolf population has greatly increased. Now there are so many wolves that they are destroying their own food supply.
A wolf naturally eats animals in the deer family. People in the wilderness also hunt deer for food. Many of the animals have been destroyed by the very cold winters recently and by changes in the wilderness plant life. When the deer can’t find enough food, they die.
If the wolves continue to kill large numbers of deer, their prey (猎物) will disappear some day. And the wolves will, too. So we must change the cycle of life in the wilderness to balance the ecology. If we killed more wolves, we would save them and their prey from dying out. We’d also save some farm animals.
In another northern state, wolves attack cows and chickens for food. Farmers want the government to send biologists to study the problem. They believe it necessary to kill wolves in some areas and to protect them in places where there is a small wolf population.
Against Killing Wolves
If you had lived long ago, you would hav e heard many different stories about the
dangerous wolf. According to most stories, hungry wolves often kill people for food. Even today, the stories of the “big bad wolf” will not disappear.
But the fact is wolves are afraid of people, and they seldom travel in areas where there is a human smell. When wolves eat other animals, they usually kill the very young, or the sick and injured. The strongest survive. No kind of animal would have survived through the centuries if the weak members had lived. That has always been a law of nature.
Although some people say it is good sense to kill wolves, we say it is nonsense! Researchers have found wolves and their prey living in balance. The wolves keep the deer population from becoming too large, and that keeps a balance in the wilderness plant life.
The real problem is that the areas where wolves can live are being used by people. Even if wilderness land is not used directly for human needs, the wolves can’t always find enough food. So they travel to the nearest source, which is often a farm. Then there is danger. The“big bad wolf”has arrived! And everyone knows what happens next.
60. According to the passage, some people in North America favor killing wolves for all the following reasons EXCEPT that _______.
A. there are too many wolves
B. they kill large numbers of deer
C. they attack cows and chickens for food
D. they destroy the wilderness plant life
61. Some people are against killing wolves because ________.
A. wolves help to keep the ecological balance in the wilderness
B. there is too small a wolf population in the wilderness
C. there are too many deer in the wilderness
D. wolves are afraid of people and never attack people
62. According to those against killing wolves, when wolves eat other animals, ________.
A. they never eat strong and healthy ones
B. they always go against the law of nature
C. they might help this kind of animals survive in nature
D. they disturb the ecological balance in the wilderness
63. The last sentence “And everyone knows what happens next” implies that in such cases _______.
A. farm animals will be in danger and have to be shipped away
B. wolves will kill people and people will in turn kill them
C. wolves will find enough food sources on farms
D. people will leave the areas where wolves can live
【文章大意】本文主要阐述赞成杀狼和反对杀狼这两种不同的观点以及各自的理由。

60. 【解析】选D。

细节理解题。

首先根据题干中的关键词favor我们知道本题是关于文章小标题For Killing Wolves里的内容；根据这部分第一段最后两句可知A项正确；根据这部分第三段的第一句可知B项正确；根据这部分第四段的第一句话可知C项正确；D项没有涉及。

所以选择D项。

61. 【解析】选A。

细节理解题。

根据题干中的关键词against killing wolves可知本题是关于文章小标题Against Killing Wolves里的内容；根据这部分第三段的最后一句话可知A项正确。

B项没有涉及；C项内容是For Killing Wolves里的内容；D项和题目不构成因果关系。

62. 【解析】选C。

细节理解题。

根据文章Against Killing Wolves里的第二段最后两句话可知“强者生存，弱者淘汰”是自然规律。

A项中的never与第二段中的usually矛盾，故排除；B项与第二段内容矛盾，也排除；如果“狼破坏生态平衡”，就应该杀狼，而不是反对杀狼（against killing wolves），所以D项也排除。

63. 【解析】选B。

推理判断题。

根据文章最后一段可知“狼居住的地方被人类占据，它们就会到最近的地方（常为农场）找食物，这样人类就会反过来杀狼”，所以B项正确。

Passage 3 （2010·福建卷·C）
Businesses are witnessing a difficult time, which has in turn produced influence on cons umers’ desire to go green. However, shoppers are still laying stress on environmental concerns.
Two thirds of customers say that environmental considerations inform their purchases to the same degree as they did a year ago, while more than a quarter say that they are now even better aware of the environmental effect on what they buy.
This may help to influence how shops store goods on their shelves. And the companies should still make efforts to become more environmentally friendly. Two out of three people think it is important to buy from environmentally responsible companies, with about one in seven saying that they had even decided to take their custom elsewhere if they felt a compan y’s environmental reputation was not good enough.
Harry Morrison, chief executive（主管）of the Carbon Trust, sympathizes: “I understand this situation where survival is very important now. But from environmental considerations, the clock is ticking—we don’t have much time. In addition, cutting carbon has an immediate effect as costs drop and a medium-term benefit for the brand.”
高
Larger companies have an extra motivation to look at reducing their carbon footprint, as new rules next year will require businesses to buy carbon allowances to make up for their emissions(排放). Those that have taken early action will have a head start. More than two thirds of consumers are not clear about which companies are environmentally responsible. This suggests that firms that are able to relay clearly their message to the public will be in a pole position to attract shoppers. The Carbo n Trust believes that it can help by informing customers about the good work companies are doing. “When companies are granted(授予)the standard, they can use a logo(标识)in all their marketing which makes it clear that they are working towards cutting emissions,” Mr. Morrison said.
64. What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. Businesses are finding ways to send their message to the shoppers.
B. Companies will soon get information about cutting carbon emissions.
C. Firms are making efforts to encourage customers to keep goods at home.
D. Firms are urged to cut carbon emissions by shoppers’ environmental awareness.
65. The underlined word “inform” in Paragraph 2 probably means “ ”.
A. affect
B. change
C. disturb
D. reject
66. According to Harry Morrison, businesses .
A. will benefit from cutting carbon emissions
B. should buy carbon allowances for shoppers
C. are required to make up for their carbon emissions
D. have encouraged shoppers to take their custom elsewhere
67. We can learn from the passage that businesses will .
A. have a strong desire to reduce costs
B. use the same logo in their marketing
C. gain advantages by taking early action
D. attract more shoppers by storing goods
【文章大意】文章主要讲述了消费者环保意识增强，公司不得不努力做到低碳环保，赢得好的名声来吸引顾客。

64. 【解析】选D。

主旨大意题。

文章主要讲述了消费者环保意识增强，公司不得不努力做到低碳环保，赢得好的名声来吸引顾客。

65．【解析】选A。

词义猜测题。

根据文章第二段中句子的后半部分可知，超过四分之一的消费者说他们现在更加清楚地意识到环境对他们所购买的东西的影响。

由此可知，句子前半部分的意思应是“三分之二的消费者说环境因素影响他们购物的程度与一年前是一样的”。

affect“影响”，与语境相符。

66. 【解析】选A。

细节理解题。

根据文章第四段中“In addition, cutting carbon has an immediate effect as costs drop and a medium-term benefit for the brand. ”可知选项A正确。

67. 【解析】选C。

细节理解题。

根据文章第五段中“Those that have taken early action will have a head start. More than two thir ds of consumers are not clear about which companies are environmentally responsible. This suggests that firms that are able to relay clearly their message to the public will be in a pole position to attract shoppers. ”可知选项C正确。

选项A和D文章没有提到；选项B与文章最后一段的内容不相符。

Passage 4 （2010·山东卷·B）
Ask someone what they have done to help the environment recently and they will almost certainly mention recycling. Recycling in the home is very important of course. However, being forced to recycle often means we already have more material than we need. We are dealing with the results of that over-consumption in the greenest way possible, but it would be far better if we did not need to bring so much material home in the first place.
The total amount of packaging increased by 12% between 1999 and 2005. It now makes up a third of a typical household’s waste in the UK. In many supermarkets nowadays food items are packaged twice with plastic and cardboard.
Too much packaging is doing serious damage to the environment. The UK, for example, is running out of it for carrying this unnecessary waste. If such packaging is burnt, it gives off greenhouse gases which go on to cause the greenhouse effect. Recycling helps, but the process itself uses energy. The solution is not to produce such items in the first place. Food waste is a serious problem, too. Too many supermarkets
encourage customers to buy more than they need. However, a few of them are coming round to the idea that this cannot continue, encouraging customers to reuse thei r plastic bags, for example.
But this is not just about supermarkets. It is about all of us. We have learned to associate packaging with quality. We have learned to think that something unpackaged is of poor quality. This is especially true of food. But it also applies to a wide range of consumer products, which often have far more packaging than necessary. There are signs of hope. As more of us recycle, we are beginning to realise just how much unnecessary material we are collecting. We need to face the wastefulness of our consumer culture, but we have a mountain to climb.
61. What does the underlined phrase “that over-consumption” refer to?
A. Using too much packaging.
B. Recycling too many wastes.
C. Making more products than necessary.
D. Having more material than is needed.
62. The author uses figures in Paragraph 2 to show _______.
A. the tendency of cutting household waste
B. the increase of packaging recycling
C. the rapid growth of supermarkets
D. the fact of packaging overuse
63. According to the text, recycling ______.
A. helps control the greenhouse effect
B. means burning packaging for energy
C. is the solution to gas shortage
D. leads to a waste of land
64. What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?
A. Unpackaged products are of bad quality.
B. Supermarkets care more about packaging.
C. It is improper to judge quality by packaging.
D. Other products are better packaged than food.
65. What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A. Fighting wastefulness is difficult.
B. Needless material is mostly recycled.
C. People like collecting recyclable waste.
D. The author is proud of their consumer culture.
【文章大意】过度包装不但造成了巨大的浪费，同时也产生了严重的环境问题，本篇作者就以此为话题，讨论如何应对包装浪费对环境的危害问题，文章观点值得读者去思考。

61.【解析】选D。

词义猜测题。

根据文中的“We are dealing with the results of that over-consumption in the greenest way possible, but it would be far better if we did not need to bring so much material home in the first place. ” 可知画线部分意为“过度消费”，所以D项意义正确。

62. 【解析】选D。

细节理解题。

根据作者在文中使用的数字可知，作者使用数字的目的是为了让读者清楚地了解过度包装的现实问题，所以D项正确。

63. 【解析】选A。

细节理解题。

根据第三段的“If such packaging is burnt, it gives
off greenhouse gases which go on to cause the greenhouse effect. Recycling helps, but the process itself uses energy. ”可知A项正确。

64. 【解析】选C。

推理判断题。

第四段讲述了人们对于包装不好的物品所固有的认识，即人们普遍认为包装不好的物品质量肯定差，由此可判断根据包装来判断商品的质量是不恰当的。

65. 【解析】选A。

推理判断题。

文章讲述了人们对于过度包装的危害的认识及人们应有的积极态度，所以最后一段给我们带来了希望，但是最后一句“...we have a mountain to climb. ”提示我们事情不会一蹴而就，希望人们认识到过度包装的危害，并且付诸行动，因为我们还有很长的路要走。

Passage 5 （2010·四川卷·B）
Boiler rooms ar e often dirty and steamy, but this one is clean and cool. Fox Point is a very new 47-unit living building in South Bronx, one of the city’s poorest areas. Two-thirds of the people living there are formerly (以前) homeless people, whose rent is paid by the government. The rest are low-income families. The boiler room has special equipment, which produces energy for electricity and heat. It reuses heat that would otherwise be lost to the air, reducing carbon emissions(碳排放)while also cutting costs.
Fox Point is operated by Palladia, a group that specializes in providing housing and services to needy people. Palladia received support from Enterprise Community Partners (ECP), which helps build affordable housing by providing support to housing developers.
ECP has created national standards for healthy, environmentally (环境方面) clever and affordable homes which are called the Green Communities Standards. These standards include water keeping, energy saving and the use of environmentally friendly building materials. Meeting the standards increases housing construction costs by 2%, which is rapidly paid back by lower running costs. Even the positioning of a window to get most daylight can help save energy.
Michael Bloomberg, New York’s mayor plans to create 165,000 afforda ble housing units for 500,000 New Yorkers. Almost 80% of New York City’s greenhouse-gas emissions come from buildings, and 40% of those are caused by housing. So he recently announced that the city’s Department of Housing and Preservation and Development (DHPD), whose duty is to develop and keep the city’s supply of affordable housing, will require all its new projects to follow ECP’s green standards.
Similar measures have been taken by other cities, such as Cleveland and Denver, but New York’s DHPD is the largest city developer of affordable housing in the country.
45. What is the purpose of describing the boiler room in the first paragraph?
A. To explain the measures the city takes to care for poor people.
B. To suggest that affordable housing is possible in all areas.
C. To show how the environment-friendly building works.
D. To compare old and new boiler rooms.
46. What is an advantage of the buildings meeting the Green Communities Standards?
A. Lower running costs.
B. Costing less in construction.
C. Less air to be lost in hot days.
D. Better prices for homeless people.
47. It can be learned from the text that ________.
A. New York City is seriously polluted
B. people’s daily life causes many carbon emissions in New York City
C. a great numbe r of people in New York City don’t have houses to live in
D. some other cities have developed more affordable housing than New York City
48. What is the main purpose of this text?
A. To call on people to pay more attention to housing problems.
B. To prove that some standards are needed for affordable housing.
C. To ask society to help homeless people and low-income families.
D. To introduce healthy, environmentally clever and affordable housing.
【文章大意】主要介绍了在Fox Point的这类有益健康的，环保经济适用住房。

45.【解析】选C。

写作意图题。

根据本段最后两句话可知，作者通过从锅炉房切入展示了Fox Point建筑群是如何做到节能环保的。

46. 【解析】选A。

细节理解题。

根据文章第三段倒数第二句话“Meeting the standards increases housing construction costs by 2%, which is rapidly paid back by lower running costs. ”可知，达到这些标准使得房屋建筑成本提高了2%，但很快就会被它的较低的运营成本补回。

故选项A正确。

47. 【解析】选B。

细节理解题。

根据文章第四段第二句“Almost 80% of New York City’s greenhouse-gas emissions come from buildings, and 40% of those are caused by housing. ”可知答案选B。

48.【解析】选D。

写作意图题。

文章主要给读者介绍了在Fox Point的这类有益健康的，环保经济适用住房。