[K12学习]八年级英语下册Unit8Agreenworld词汇与语法基础训练新版牛津版

Unit 8 A green world 知识精讲
一、必背词汇
dig vi.&vt. 挖（洞，沟等）
serious adj. 认真的，严肃的
reduce vt.&vi. 减少，降低
recycle vt. 回收利用，循环利用
wise adj. 明智的，充满智慧的
plastic n. 塑料
separate vt.&vi. 分开，隔开
allow vt. 允许
punish vt. 处罚，惩罚
fine vt. 罚款
depend vi. 依靠，依赖，指望
rich adj. 丰富的；富有的
resource n. 资源
produce vt. 导致，产生
difference n. 差异，不同（之处）
poster n. 海报
display vt.&vi. 展示；陈列
pollute vt. 污染
harm vt. 伤害；损害
living adj. 活着的，活的
survey n. 调查
empty adj. 空的
dust n. 灰尘，尘土
harmful adj. 有害的
soil n. 土壤
coal n. 煤
oil n. 石油；原油；食用油
gas n. 气体；煤气
form vt.&vi. 形成
carelessly adv. 满不在乎地；粗心地reuse vt. 再使用
simple adj. 简单的
step n. 步骤，措施
power n. 电力，力量
breadfruit n. 面包果
二、重点词汇
1. separate adjective & verb./ˈsep.ər.ət/
adj.
existing or happening independently or in a different physical space
各自的；单独的，不同的
例句：
I try to keep meat separate from other food in the fridge.
我想把肉同冰箱里的其他食物分开放。

v.
1). to (cause to) divide into parts
（使）分离；（使）分开
例句：
The north and south of the country are separated by a mountain range.
这个国家的南北两部分被一条山脉隔开。

2). to make people move apart or into different places, or to move apart
（使）分开；（使）分散
例句：
Perhaps we should separate now and meet up later.
或许我们现在应该分开，晚些时候再见面。

2. serious adjective /ˈsɪə.ri.əs/
1). severe in effect; bad
严重的；糟糕的
例句：
There were no reports of serious injuries.
没有接到有人重伤的报告。

2). not joking or intended to be funny
严肃的，认真的
例句：
He was wearing a very serious expression and I knew something was wrong.
他一脸严肃，我就知道出差错了。

3). A serious person is quiet, thinks carefully about things, and does not laugh a lot.
（人）严肃的，不苟言笑的
例句：
I remember her as a very serious child.
我记得她是个很严肃的小孩。

4). determined to follow a particular plan of action
坚决的；认真的
例句：
Is she serious about going to live abroad? 她真的想移居国外吗？
3. depend verb /dɪˈpend/
to be decided by or to change according to the stated thing
由…决定，取决于
例句：
Whether or not we go to Mexico for our holiday depends on the cost.
我们去不去西班牙度假取决于需要花费多少钱。

【拓展】
it (all) depends
it is not decided yet
看情况再决定，看情况再说
例句：
"Are you going to Emma's party?" "I don't know, it depends - we might be going away that weekend."
“你去参加埃玛的晚会吗？”“说不好，看情况再说吧—那个周末我们可能要外出。

”
4. difference noun /ˈdɪf.ər.əns/
1). [ C or U ] the way in which two or more things which you are comparing are not the same
区别，差别，不同
例句：
What's the difference between an ape and a monkey? 猿和猴有什么区别？
2). a disagreement
分歧，争论，争议
例句：
They had a terrible argument a few weeks ago, but now they've settled/resolved their differences.
几年前他们发生过一次激烈的争吵，不过现在他们的分歧已经消除了。

【拓展】
1). make a (big) difference
to improve a situation (a lot)
（极大地）改善
例句：
Exercise can make a big difference to your state of health.
锻炼会极大地改善你的健康状况。

2). not make any difference
to not change a situation in any way
没有引起任何变化
例句：
You can ask him again if you want, but it won't make any difference - he'll still say no.
你如果愿意可以再去问他，但结果还是一样——他还会说不。

3). with a difference
used to say that something is unusual, and more interesting or better than other things of the same type
与众不同，不同寻常，别具一格，更胜一筹
例句：
Try new Cremetti - the ice cream with a difference.
试试新的克里梅蒂——不同寻常的冰激凌。

5. harmful adjective /ˈhɑːm.fəl/
causing harm
有害的
例句：
This group of chemicals is known to be harmful to people with asthma.
已知这类化学品对哮喘病患者有害。

三、必背短语
turn off 关上（开关）cut down 砍倒
depend on 依靠，取决于depend upon 依靠，取决于run out 用完，耗尽in place 在正确位置
make a difference （对……）有影响，起作用
四、经典句型
1. Will more trees be planted this year?
今年会种植更多的树木吗？
2. We can protect the environment by recycling waste.
我们可以回收利用废物来保护环境。

3. For example, we are not allowed to cut down trees.
例如，我们不可以砍伐树木。

4. When is the show going to be held?
表演什么时候举行？
5. Air pollution is harmful to our health.
空气污染对我们的健康有害。

三点剖析
一、考点
一般将来时的被动语态
一般将来时的被动语态一般有两种形式:
1. 第一种形式
1). 肯定句：主语+will be+及物动词的过去分词+其他
例句：
The new film will be shown next Sunday.
这部新影片将于下周日上映。

2). 否定句：主语+won't be+及物动词的过去分词+其他
例句：
The new film won't be shown next Sunday.
这部新影片将不会于下周日上映。

3). 一般疑问句：Will+主语+be+及物动词的过去分词+其他
例句：
Will the new film be shown next Sunday?
这部新影片将于下周日上映吗？
2. 第二种形式
1). 肯定句：主语+ am/is/are +going to be+及物动词的过去分词+其他
例句：
The sports meeting is going be held this Friday.
运动会将于本周五举行。

2). 否定句：主语+ am/is/are + not + going to be+及物动词的过去分词+其他
例句：
The sports meeting isn't going be held this Friday.
运动会将不会于本周五举行。

3). 一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are+ 主语+ going to be+及物动词的过去分词+其他
例句：
Is the sports meeting going to be held this Friday?
运动会将于本周五举行吗？
注意：
在时间和条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时的被动语态代替一般将来时的被动语态。

例句：
If I am given enough time, I will go to Dalian for my holiday.
如果给我足够的时间，我将去大连度假。

二、易错点
1. run out & run out of
1). run out意为“用完；耗尽”，是不及物动词短语。

其主语通常为物，表示“某
物用完了”，是用主动语态表示被动含义。

例句：
My money has run out. 我的钱用完了。

2). run out of意为“用完……”，是及物动词短语。

其主语一般是人，of后跟某
物，表示“某人用完了某物”。

例句：
Jack has run out of money. 杰克把钱花完了。

2. divide & separate
1). divide作“分开，分离”讲，指把具有统一性的或整体的东西分成几部分，
往往含有自然划分的意思，此词强调按比例划分或分隔成若干部分。

例句：
The class is divided into four groups. 这个班级被分为四个小组。

2). separate除作“分开，分离”讲外，还可作“隔离”讲，此词指把原来结合
在一起或混杂的动词分开，被分开的东西没有任何统一性，往往含有暴力使强行分开的意思，强调各部分的隔离。

例句：
Can you separate oxygen from air? 你能将氧气从空气中分离开吗？
题模精选
题模一：Unit 8 词汇应用
例1.1.1 A little wine will not be _________ to your health. Just don’t drink too much.
A．helpful B．helpless
C．harmful D．harmless
例1.1.2根据汉语意思完成下列句子。

1). 我认为过绿色生活对每个人来说都很重要。

I think it is important ___________________________.
2). 杰克太马虎了，他书房的灯昨天晚上没有关。

Jack was too careless. The lamp in his study room ___________________________ last night.
3). 我觉得你应该让玛丽坐地铁上学而不是开车送她去。

I think you should let Mary go to school by underground ___________________________. to school.
题模二：语法--一般将来时的被动语态
例1.2.1 A new road _________ near my school next year.
A．builds B．will build
C．is built D．will be built
例1.2.2根据句意，用括号中所给词的正确形式填空。

1). More books _________ (donate) to this school next term.
2). I’m afraid more people _________ (hurt) by pollution in the future.
随堂练习
随练1.1It’s important for us to protect nature because we _________ its rich resources to live.
A．depend on B．leave for
C．give up D．lead to
随练1.2--- What should I do to live _________ green life?
---I think you should go by _________ bike instead of driving your car.
A．a; a B．the; / C．a; /
D．/; /
随练1.3The government should stop them from _________ trees in the forest. A．cutting down B．putting dow n
C．taking down D．letting down
随练1.4I think we must give up using plastic bags to _________ our earth. A．produce B．protect
C．provide D．pollute
随练1.5根据汉语意思完成下列句子。

1. 我不知道怎样处理这些旧书。

I don't know___________________________ these old books.
2. 我认为政府将制定更多法律以保护环境。

I think more ___________________________ by the government.
3. 这些新型能源不仅成本低，而且对环境危害小。

These new types of energy ___________________________ but also do little harm to the environment.
4. 我觉得应该给我们更多的机会去学习依靠我们自己。

I think we should be given more chances to learn to ___________________________.
5. 在他们开始这个活动之前，他们会被分成四组。

Before they start the activity, they will ___________________________.
随练1.6Driving after drinking wine _________ in China.
A．allows B．doesn't allow
C．is allowed D．isn't allowed
自我总结
课后作业
作业1Some people waste too much water. They don't believe that it can _________ some day.
A．keep out B．run out
C．be run out D．run out of
作业2Please _________ the lights when you go out.
A．turn down B．turn up
C．turn on D．turn off
作业3The soup tastes _________ because it's too salty. I put salt into it too _________ in a hurry.
A．terribly; carefully
B．terrible; careful
C．terrible; carelessly
D．terribly; careless
作业4根据句意，用括号中所给词的正确形式填空。

1. I think children should be taught how to spend their pocket money _________ (wise).
2. (luck) _________, the flowers and trees grow well because they are taken good care by some volunteers.
3. Do you know there is an _________ (organize) called “Green Hope” working to protect the environment in the city?
4. The old text books will _________ (collect) and we will give them away to the Hope Middle School.
5. I would like to be a volunteer because I want to make a _________ (different) both to my life and to the world.
6. Smoking is_________ (harm).
7. There's _________ (dusty) in the house everywhere.
8. How often do you brush your _________ (tooth )?
9. Look! They are _________ (dig) a hole beside the tree.
10. To protect the earth, we mustn't throw away the waste _________ (care).
作业5Not only Jim but also his parents _________ a few interesting places since
they came to China.
A．will visit B．has visited
C．have visited D．visited
作业6Let's wait and see whether books _________ by the Internet in the future. A．replace
B．replaced
C．will be replaced
D．were replaced
答案解析
题模精选
题模一：Unit 8 词汇应用
例1.1.1
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词辨析，helpful有帮助的；helpless无助的；harmful有害的；harmless 无害的。

根据句意可知应选C。

例1.1.2
【答案】1). for everyone to live a green life
2). wasn’t turned off
3). instead of driving her
【解析】考查本课词汇的应用，需注意联系语境、时态、人称的数及名词的单复数。

题模二：语法--一般将来时的被动语态
例1.2.1
【答案】D
【解析】考查一般将来时的被动语态，根据next year可知时态为一般将来时，又因为主语A new road和谓语动词build之间是被动关系，因此用被动语态。

故选D。

例1.2.2
【答案】1). will be donated
2). will be hurt
【解析】考查本课语法的应用，需注意联系语境、时态、人称的数及名词的单复数。

随堂练习
随练1.1
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词组辨析，depend on依靠，依赖；leave for动身去；give up放弃；lead to导致，根据句意可知选A。

随练1.2
【答案】C
【解析】考查冠词使用，前空考查短语live a green life，意为“过绿色环保的生活”；后空考查by bike，意为“骑自行车”。

故选C。

随练1.3
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析，句意：政府应该阻止他们砍伐森林里面的树木。

短语cut down 意为“砍伐”，符合句意。

故选A。

随练1.4
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析，句意：我认为我们必须放弃使用塑料袋来保护我们的地球。

protect 意为“保护”，符合句意。

故选B。

随练1.5
【答案】 1. what to do with
2. laws will be made to protect the environment
3. not only cost little
4. depend on ourselves
5. be separated into four groups
【解析】考查本课词汇的应用，需注意联系语境、时态、人称的数及名词的单复数。

随练1.6
【答案】D
【解析】考查被动语态，句意：酒后驾车在中国是不被允许的。

Driving after drinking wine和allow之间是被动关系。

故选D。

作业1
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析，短语run out 意为“用完，耗尽”，无被动语态形式；keep out意为“阻止……进入”；run out of意为“从……中跑出来，用完”。

根据句意可知故选B。

作业2
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析，句意：当你出去的时候，请关灯。

turn down 开小(音量)；turn up开大(音量)；turn on 打开(电源等)；turn off关闭(电源等)。

根据常识可知，出去应该关灯。

故选D。

作业3
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词和副词辨析，句中taste作系动词，其后要接形容词，故排除A、D；第二空修饰谓语动词put，所以应用副词。

故选C。

作业4
【答案】 1. wisely
2. Luckily
3. organization
4. be collected
5. difference
6. harmful
7. dust
8. teeth
9. digging
10. carelessly
【解析】考查本课词汇的应用，需注意联系语境、时态、人称的数及名词的单复数。

作业5
【答案】C
【解析】考查时态，根据since 引导的时间状语从句since they came to China可知，主句要用现在完成时态；根据not only…but also…就近一致原则的用法可知谓语动词用复数。

故选C。

作业6
【答案】C
【解析】考查一般将来时的被动语态，句意：咱们等着看未来书是否会被网络代替。

books 与replace 之间是被动关系，根据句中的in the future 可知该句用一般将来时。

故选C。