2021人教版高考英语一轮练习及答案—必修3Unit 3

人教版高考英语一轮练习及答案—必修3Unit 3
新题型
任务型读写（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词，注意：每空格1个单词。

People who enjoy a dream-filled sleep are better at recalling information and making links between facts when waking. But recharging with a shallow nap（小睡）offers no such mental improvement, the research suggests. The results of the study add to the growing body of evidence that Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep is very important to the brain’s ability to from strong memories.
An average night’s rest include s four or five spells of REM sleep, but these bursts tend to be lengthier towards the end of the night. This means adults getting less than the recommended
seven to eight hours a night – and therefore adequate REM sleep—may be damaging their mind’s ability to memorize. Although REM sleep is not classified as a type of deep sleep, it is only reached after the brain has passed through deep sleep stages.
In the recent study, participants were shown groups of three words and asked to find another word that can be associated with all three words. They were tested once in the morning and then given the same task again in the afternoon. In between, some were allowed a nap with REM sleep, some a nap without REM sleep, while the others had a quiet rest period. The quiet rest and non-REM sleep groups didn’t improve, but the REM sleep group improved on their morning performance by an average of almost 40 per cent. Dr Sara Mednick, a sleep researcher at the University of California who led the study, believes the formation of connections between previously unassociated information in the brain occurs during REM sleep.
It is believed that sleep acts as a sort of mental filing system, enabling the brain to sort relevant information from useless information. This process may take place as memories are removed from one part of the brain to others.
Title REM sleep 76 to memory
The result of the study Rapid Eye Movement sleep is of great importance to the brain’s ability
to 77 memories
The 78 of the study ◆79 were required to think of another word associated with all three words.
◆The same task was given to participants 80 a day.
◆The quiet rest and non-REM sleep groups showed no 81 .
◆The REM sleep group 82 well by an average of almost 40 per cent.
Dr Sara Mednick’s 83. Connections between previously unassociated information in the brain are 84 during REM sleep.
Conclusion Sleep acts as a sort of mental filing system, enabling the brain to abandon useless information and keep the 85 information.
【参考答案】
76. contributes 77. strengthen 78.process/steps
79.Participants 80.twice
81. improvement 82.performed
83.opinion/view/attitude 84.formed 85. Relevant
一、单句语法填空
1．(2021·重庆，阅读C)I don't see how musical instruments can help improve ________ (manner)in public.
2．(2021·重庆，阅读A)Soon，I heard her ________ (scream)，“Take your shoes away! Why under my bed！”
3．Even the best writers sometimes find themselves ________ (lose)for words. 4．(2021·江西，阅读A)After the first expedition，Larry's later diving ________ (adventure)only got better and better.
5．Her family was short of money，________ (account)for her not continuing her studies.
6．(2021·陕西，阅读B)Cowles loved the story and bought it ________ the spot. 7．________ (how)hard you try，it is difficult to lose weight without ________ (cut)down the amount you eat.
8．(2021·安徽，阅读D)People are ________ (rude)today because they are rushed and more “time poor” than ever before.
9．As is known to all，________ (stare)at others is impolite.
10．He quite agrees with you.As ________ me，I am not so satisfied with it.
答案
1.manners
2.screaming
3.lost
4.adventures5．accounting
6.on
7.However；cutting
8.ruder9．staring10.for
二、完形填空
I tend to accept any idea put forward by experts on TV.One day，a sociologist proposed that the
__1__ society has been consuming modern humans little by little.For fear that I would become a victim of the consumer society.I__2__ hurried to a bicycle shop in my neighborhood.__3__ the shopkeeper Mr.Johnson was selling me the bicycle，he said，“This is the best thing you __4__ have done.Life has become hopelessly __5__.A bicycle is simple，and it brings to you__6__ things：fresh air，sunshine and exercise.”I agreed.Happy as a child，I got on the bicycle and headed out onto the streets.After some time，I__7__ at the other end of the town.I was__8__ that this simple vehicle could let me ___9__ long distances in a fairly short time.But how __10__
did I really go?
Since I hated to be __11__，I went back to Mr.Johnson and asked him to __12__ an odometer (里程表)on my bicycle.He agreed，but __13__.“An odometer without a speedometer (速度计)is like a __14__ without a knife.”I admitted he was right and in a few minutes，the two de v ices (装置)were __15__ to the handlebars of my bicycle.“What about a horn”he then asked.“Look，this horn is no larger than a matchbox and has many __16__.”Attracted by these functions，I
bought the horn.
“You can't leave the back part __17__，”noted Mr.Johnson.He fixed a metal box with buttons
__18__ the seat，and said，“Is there anything better than this oven when you feel __19__
on your way？I can give you a special discount.”I was not strong enough to __20__ the offer. “I congratulate you once more；this is the best thing you could have done，”said Mr.Johnson in the end
作者为了不成为消费社会的受害者，买了一辆自行车。

结果在店主的劝说下，作者给自行车装上了里程表、速度计、喇叭，并且还安装了一个烤箱。

1. A．adult B．human
C．consumer D．bachelor
答案：C根据下文中的”因为害怕我会成为这个消费社会(consumer society)的受害者”可知，此处应选C。

2．A.eventually B．immediately
C．reluctantly D．gratefully
答案：B根据空后的hurried可知，作者听到这个理论之后就马上到附近的一家自行车商店去了，因此选B表示“立即，马上”。

3．A.Although B．Because
C．As D．Unless
答案：C根据语境可知，这里应用as引导时间状语从句表示“当……的时候”。

店主在卖给作者自行车的时候对他说……
4．A.would B．should
C．must D．could
答案：D此处与本文最后一句呼应，店主很支持作者的这一举动，对他说：“这或许是你所做过的最好的事了。

”
5．A.boring B．complicated
C．stressful D．tough
答案：B此处与下文的simple呼应。

故选B。

人生变得很复杂，但是骑自行车是一件简单的事。

6．A.natural B．mysterious
C．complex D．unique
答案：A根据空后所列的“新鲜空气、阳光和锻炼”可知，这些东西是自然的，故选A。

7．A.gave up B．broke down
C．calmed down D．ended up
答案：D作者高兴得像个孩子一样，骑着自行车上了街，过了一会儿到了城镇的另一端。

这里用end up表示“最后处于”
8．A.amazed B．amused
C．confused D．concerned
答案：A作者觉得很诧异，这么简单的交通工具，居然能让他在这么短的时间内走那么远的距离。

9．A.march B．drive
C．cover D．measure
答案：C参见上题解析。

这里用cover表示“行走(一段路程)”。

10．A.far B．long
C．fast D．deep
答案：A作者又想，自己这次骑车到底走了多远的路程呢？这里用far表示“(问到或谈及距离时说)有多远”。

11．A.unreliable B．impractical
C．unprepared D．inaccurate
答案：D上文作者想知道自己走了多远以及下文作者让店主在他的自行车上装了个里程表，可见这里表示作者讨厌不准确，因此选D。

12．A.fix B．check
C．repair D．lay
答案：A这里用fix表示“安装”。

作者让店主给他的自行车装了个里程表。

13．A.swore B．added
C．replied D．concluded
答案：B店主同意给作者的自行车装里程表，并且补充说，作者的自行车还应装上速度计。

根据下文店主的话判断选B，表示“补充说”。

14．A.pencil B．fork
C．box D．cake
答案：B店主补充说：“有里程表却没有速度计，就好比有叉没有刀。

”结合生活常识可知，此处应选B。

15．A.distributed B．converted
C．applied D．attached
答案：D作者同意店主的想法，过了几分钟，店主就给作者的自行车把手上装了这两个装置。

attach…to表示“把……固定，把……附(在……上)”。

16．A.shapes B．sizes
C．functions D．models
答案：C店主接着说：“再装个喇叭怎么样？看，这个喇叭只有一个火柴盒那么大，并且功能多。

”结合语境和选项可知，此处选C，表示“功能”。

空后的functions也是答案提示。

17．A.loose B．blank
C．bare D．incomplete
答案：C自行车把手上装了里程表、速度计和喇叭。

由此可判断选C。

Johnson先生说：“你不能让车尾光秃秃的。

”
18．A.beside B．before
C．below D．behind
答案：D店主在车座后面装了一个金属盒子，上面还有按钮。

19．A.sick B．hungry
C．hot D．thirsty
答案：B根据空前的oven可知，此处表示在路上饿的时候，没有比这个烤箱更好的东西了。

故hungry符合语境。

20．A.consider B．withdraw
C．make D．resist
答案：D由于店主主动提出给作者打折，作者没能拒绝他的这个提议。

这里用resist表示“抵挡，抵抗”，符合语境。

三、阅读理解
A
【2021模拟题】阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

The idea of inventing an international language is not a new one. Over the past 180 years, linguists (语言学家) have created over ten different languages that are based on German, Spanish, and English. One of these was Basic English.
By 1923 the First World War had been over for five years, but Europe was still recovering from its effects. Charles Kay Ogden, a linguist and writer, was running several bookshops in Cambridge. He published The Meaning of Meaning (1923), a book describing how we use language. The book received high praise, which drove Ogden to design an international language — something that was much simpler than English. In 1930 Ogden’s book Basic English: A General Introduction with Rules and Grammar was published.
Perhaps it takes about seven years for one to become a good English speaker. Ogden believed that Basic English could be learned in seven weeks. There were only 850 words and the grammar was very simple.
The language attracted the attention of educators all over the world, but its development was stopped by the Second World War. After the war, both the British Prime Minister Winston
Churchill and the President of the United States Franklin D. Roosevelt looked for ideas that might bring world peace. They both gave speeches that encouraged the use of Ogden’s international language. In the past 60 years, the language has had some success. In some parts of East Asia, teachers are still using Ogden’s word lists.
However, in the main, the language has disappeared. Because there are many more non-native than native speakers of English, recently some linguists have asked whether we should give careful consideration to Ogden’s ideas again. And the Wikipedia website () has started a version (版本) written in Basic English for non-native learners of the language. Search for it on the Internet now!
1. According to the text, Basic English _____.
A. was very easy to learn
B. has a history of 180 years
C. is mainly based on three languages
D. developed fast over the last 60 years
2. What was Churchill and Roosevelt’s attitude towards Basic English?
A. They were worried about it.
B. They were uncertain of it.
C. They supported it.
D. They didn’t care about it.
3. The linguists mentioned in the last paragraph seem to _____.
A. write in Basic English on Wikipedia
B. encourage people to use Basic English
C. believe Basic English will disappear soon
D. think there will be fewer speakers of English
4. The main purpose of the text is to _____.
A. advertise a website
B. review two books
C. describe some linguists’ works
D. introduce an international language
(语言学习)本文是说明文。

本文介绍了由英国语言学家奥格登创造的简单世界语——基本英语。

1. A。

推理判断题。

根据第三段的Ogden believed ... in seven weeks. There were ... very simple 可知，奥格登认为用七周时间就能掌握基本英语。

因为基本英语只有850个单词，语法又非常简单，所以很容易学。

2. C。

推理判断题。

根据第四段的They both gave speeches that encouraged the use of Ogden’s international language可知，丘吉尔和罗斯福都发表过演讲，鼓励人们使用基本英语。

故他们对基本英语持支持的态度。

3. B。

推理判断题。

根据最后一段的recently some linguists ... Ogden’s ideas again可知，这些语言学家提出是否应该重新认真考虑奥格登的理念，因为他们倡导使用基本英语。

4. D。

写作目的题。

本文主要介绍了一种重要的世界语——基本英语，简要描述了语言学家奥格登创造基本英语的过程以及它的发展情况。

B
2021高考训练题。

阅读理解。

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

Children are children after all, and most of them speak their mind. When they are just toddlers（幼儿）, no matter how naughty or rude they are, we think it is amusing to watch them speak like a
grown-up. But as they grow, these same kids seem annoying and ill-mannered if they try to sound grown-up.
Conflicts often appear between parents and children. Reasoning does not seem to work with them．It's hard to tell who are right and who are wrong. A child of 7-8 always finds some reasons to have a conflict with his parents. Whether it is about some toys, studies, basic affairs, parties or friends, there is always a difference in opinions between them. And it becomes worse when they answer you back. Psychologists say that children should be handled with care. Yes, sure they should be but not at the cost of disrespecting their elders.
We are partly responsible for this situation. At an early age we encourage grown-up-like behaviour, just because we find it amusing. The kids on the other hand consider this same behavior as normal and get used to it. And when it is not funny for us any more, we expect them to stop it, but by then it is already too late. Only when they reach a certain maturity will the children realize that answering back and being rude are not acceptable. Until then, most of the time their behavior is difficult to change, unless by force. And the use of force is again not a very good idea, as it weakens the child's
confidence.
Thus this brings us to the conclusion that it is one thing to bring a child into this world but quite another to make them into well mannered citizens. The best way is to be a good example ourselves, as our children are a reflection of us adults.
1.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. It is annoying to watch children speak like a grown-up.
B. We should deal with children carefully according to psychologists.
C. We are totally responsible for our kids’ impolite behaviour.
D. Most of the time children’s behaviour is easy to change.
2.What's the main idea of the second paragraph?
A. There are usually conflicts of opinions between parents and children.
B. Children would like toys better than their parents.
C. Children always look down upon their parents.
D. It’s strange for children and parents to disagree with each oth er.
3.Which of the following is part of the reason for the present situation of the children?
A. Children always think their parents’ opinions are wrong.
B. Parents often try to change their children by force.
C. Parents give too much loose to children.
D. Children are often asked to follow their parents.
4. What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph probably mean?
A. It is important that we teach children how to behave well and bring them into the world.
B. It is important to bring a child into the world safe and sound.
C. We should try to make a child follow the elders.
D. We should train children to be good citizens with good manners.
参考答案1—4、BACD
四、七选五
【内蒙古包头市2022模拟】
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

Everyone wants to perform well at school, Add these tips to your life and you should beon your way to being a top student !
36 I cannot stress how important it is to pay attention to what your teacher is teaching you.Take part in class discussions if you have something worth adding. Pay attention during class, especially during lectures.
Taking notes is important .You don’t need to write down every sin gle word your teacher says but write down what he or she writeson the board，or any special fact you think you might need for a test. _37 This away it will help you learn more effectively by actually thinking about what youare writing.
Don’t skip school .You will be missing outon stuff . However , you will have morework and you have missed lectures, Also, try not to be late for class. It' s most likely that yourteacher won’t
appreciate it and you will get yourself behind.
39 I f you have an“I don’t care about school or this class" attitude, then teachers will beless willing to help you with problems or offer you extra credit, The same goes for lazy attitude.Have a respectful attitude to the teacher and other students. Try not to laugh when other studentsmake mistakes.
Always ask questions . 40 If you don’t understand，ask someone. Read your textbook and notes，and then if that fails ,seek help. Ask a teacher，friend，classmate, parent, etc. Get a tutor if you need one.
A. Be prepared.
B. Write in your own words.
C. Pay attention to everything the teacher says.
D. Staying organized will be helpful.
E. There is no shame in needing some help.
F. It is true that you could make up the work.
G, Keep a good attitude towards things. 【参考答案】36—40、CBFGE。