英语教学法 unit 7 Teaching grammar ok2014

• 标题：英语语法到底怎么学?对说英语有用吗? 我的英语不太好 不知是不是语法的问题 不 过我的单词很熟 哪位高手告诉我 英语语法到底 怎么学? • 回复：不用刻意学，只要听老师讲得就够了
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• 主张英语语法可以不学的人往往这样说： 我们中国人，如果智力正常，从小就会说 汉语，能遣词造句，没见过哪个小孩先学 语法再学话的。再说，英语讲得多了，有 了语感，语法还不是水到渠成的事。
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七级 掌握描述时间，地点和方位的常用 表达方式；理解并掌握比较人，物体及事 物的常用表达方式；使用适当的语言形式 描述事物，简单地表达观点，态度或情感 等；掌握语篇中基本的衔接和连贯手段， 并根据特定目的有效地组织信息。
Three dimensions
-- form dimension (how it is formed) --accuracy -- meaning dimension (what it means)--meaningfulness -- use dimension (when and why it is used)--appropriateness
Unit 7
Teaching Grammar
Major Topics
-- What is grammar? -- The role of grammar in ELT -- Classroom methodology of grammar teaching -- Methods for grammar presentation -- Methods for grammar practice -- Techniques of grammar teaching
The relationship between grammatical forms and communicative functions
Communicative function Grammatical structure
Structural exponents
Functional possibilities
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• 我是一名师范大学的大四学生,今年做了一份家教工 作. 那个孩子倒是满聪明的,可是英语很差,语法一直 教,可是提高很小(怀疑自己的方法有问题)教时都会, 考试就玩完...... 请问大家有什么好的教学方法(那孩 子好玩,好动,很懒.....) 或者谁告诉我下正常的语法教 学步骤(初中1,2年级)
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Which is correct:
Mary runs faster than I or Mary runs faster than me? • ‘I am more interesting in English grammar’ • How do we explain the problems in Lady go supermarket meet friend?
1 2 3 4 5 Students need to be given detailed grammar rules if they are to learn a foreign language successfully Children do not need to learn grammar rules when they acquire their first languages, so they do not need them either when learning a foreign language. If students get enough chance to practice using a foreign language, they do not need to learn grammar. Making students aware of grammatical information is one of the teaching objectives, allowing students opportunities for using the language is just as important.
Parts of the sentence
subject / verb / object / attributive / complement / adverbial Parts of speech noun / verb / adjective / adverb / pronoun / auxiliary verb modal verb /determiner / preposition
The value of grammar in foreign language teaching has been a focus of debate for decades and the focus of the debate has been on : 1)the role of grammar in language teaching; 2)2) the methods in which grammar should be presented.
The problems and difficulties for grammar teaching
• • • • Over emphasis on grammar Negligence of grammar Dull presentation Lack of practice
语法教学的问题可归纳为“五重”和“五轻” （胡春洞，1990） • 重知识传授，轻技能训练； • 重详细讲解，轻反复练习； • 重书面练习，轻口头练习； • 重语法分析，轻语法使用； • 重掌握规则，轻掌握实例。
Opinions about English grammar learning from BBS or website.
• 现在流行一种说法：英语语法根本没用，只要会 说就行。在我看来这是个误区。没有语法，怎么 说得出正确的英文呢？我的英语学习的第三阶段 就是语法掌握阶段。听起来很可怕，实际上确实 有时感觉很枯燥。时态，语态，语气，动词的各 种变化，短语，谚语，习语......很多东西是学生们 头痛的。尽管有时心烦，尽管有时厌恶，但是我 还是告诉自己，这些基本功一定要扎实。 来源：/
7.1 The role of Grammar in ELT
-- Grammatical competence is essential for communication. (Brown, 1994a) -- Many linguists think it is the central area of the language around which other areas such as pronunciation and vocabulary revolve. It is the „computational system‟ that relates sound and meaning, trivial in itself but impossible to manage without. -- Grammar teaching can enhance learner proficiency and accuracy and facilitate the internalization of its syntactic system. (Hinkel & Fotos, 2002)
Grammatical terms
Unit of language
discourse /text sentence clause phrase word morpheme
E.g. Before trying to find out how something can be done, it is necessary to decide whether it should be done.
What is grammar?
-- a set of rules that define how words (or parts of words) are combined or changed to form acceptable units of meaning within a language. (Ur, 1996, p.87)
The debate about the value of grammar in foreign language teaching is still going on. Because whether grammar should be taught or not depend on two variables –
What is Grammar ?
Grammar is a description of the structure of a language and the way in which linguistic units such as words and phrases are combined to produce sentences in the language. A learner who “knows grammar” is one who has mastered and can apply these rules to express himself in what would be considered acceptable language forms.
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Discussion: Read the assumptions about grammar in language learning and decide if you agree with them or not.
The Assumptions about grammar in language learning
learner variable & instructionjectives of grammar teaching in high schools
• 五级 了解常用语言形式的基本结构和 常用表意功能；在实际运用中体会和领悟 语言形式的表意功能；理解和掌握描述人 和物的表达方式；理解和掌握描述具体事 件和具体行为的发生，发展过程的表达方 式；初步掌握描述时间，地点，方位的表 达方式；理解，掌握比较人，物体及事物 的表达方式。
Agree/ disagree
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× × √ ×/√ √ √ √ ×/√ ×
Grammar should be taught to help students analyse difficult structures in texts. 6 Teaching and learning grammar should focus on practice rather than the study of grammar itself. 7 Grammar should be taught and practiced in context. 8 Knowing grammar is not enough for real communication. 9 An inadequate knowledge of grammar would severely constrain one’s capacity for effective communication. 10 Grammar is always “the most boring bit” of language learning.