初三英语笔记

Unit 1 How do you study for a test
SectionA 1) listen to ：强调听的动作hear ：听的结果，强调听见
2) ask for 要…….,要求……. ask sb for sth =ask for sth from sb向某人要某物 .by ：在…….之前/ 通过/
ask 问；ask sb +whether/if/特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句；ask sb to do sth：让某人做某事；
3）ever = at any time 曾经常常总是（1）现在完成时的一般疑问句中。

Have you ever studied with a group?
2）条件句If you ever hear from her ,please tell me about it.3）一般现在时的疑问句Do you ever talk to your English friends ?
4）否定句No one ever returned from here. 5）在肯定句中可以表示常常相当于always He is ever repeating the same story.
5) practice 名词= exercise It takes much practice to be really good at this game.
动词practice doing sth 练习做某事He always practices speaking English to improve his oral English.
6) what about =how about 其后加名词，代词，动名词
7）aloud ：强调发出的声音能被听见，出声地、大声地与read /call 连用Sorry ,I can't hear you ,please read aloud.
loud ：响亮的，大声地—做形容词时多为定语和表语Jim answered the teacher‘s question in a loud voice.
做副词时多用比较级且放在动词之后。

常和speak,talk,laugh等
连用
loudly ：大声地，吵闹地。

常与ring,knock等连用。

有喧闹之意。

Someone knock loudly at the door.
8) I ‘ve learned a lot that way. that way 做方式状语，其前省略了借词in ,
由this ,that构成的短语作方式状语或时间状语，其前的借词往往省
略。

Come this way, please! You can come this day. 9）improve = make……better
10) too….to….太…….而不能……=so…..that否定句=not ……enoug h to
do (not 后边的adj或adv与too后边的为反义词)
Li ling is too young to go to school= Li ling is so young that she can‘t go to school=Li ling is not old enough to go to school
●在too…..to中__如果too后的adj是easy,happy,ready,kind,eager
时，这个句型为太….而能……
●__如果too前有never,not,only,but, all时这个句型则表
示非常…..而能…….
Eg：This book is too easy to understand。

这本书太容易去理解了。

One is never too old to learn。

活到老学到老。

11)语法：动词不定式做主语常用句型为：It is +adj+(for sb)+to do sth 形式主语为it 真正的主语为不定式
做定语放在名词或代词后：the way to do sth 做某事的方法（=the way of doing sth）
做宾语want to do sth ,ask to do sth ,like to do sth；特殊疑问词+to do sth 联合可以做tell,know,ask,learn, teach,后做宾语
尤其注意：how to do it /that .或者what to do
做宾语补足语want sb to do sth ,would like sb to do sth …………..做表语My wish is to become a teacher in the future.
做状语目的状语：to do sth =in order to do sth 位于句首，句中。

so as
to do sth ,不可位于句首
结果状语常和only 连用；原因状语：be +adj+ to do sth
12)for example 可以位于句首，句中，句尾。

常用逗号与正文隔开。

Something
about Endland,for example. 且它后可以是句子，短语，或
名词，代词。

such as 仅加名词或代词。

且=like
13)语法：动词ing形式做主语,做定语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语。

俄
14)memorize 记忆指有意识的下功夫的记下=learn…… by heart；remember 无意识的回忆某事也可指主观努力去记忆
15）help sb with sth /help sb do sth 帮助某人做某事
16）以ing 结尾的形容词说明事物或者人的性质和特征；以ed结尾的形容词说明人的状态
boring ：令人厌烦的；interesting ：令人感兴趣的bored ：厌烦的interested ：感兴趣的（人的感觉）
17）动词——a)系动词—其后加adj做表语
感官动词sound feel smell taste look 保持stay keep remain
变得get become go grow turn Be 动词似乎好像seem
b) 实义动词—及物动词：直接加宾语—不及物动词：加介词加宾语
c)助动词be have has did do dose d)情态动词must should shall will can coule may might
18)现在完成进行时：have /has been doing sth 动作发生在过去并一直持续到现在很有可能一直进行下去常和for +时间段或者since +时间点或者一般过去时的句子连用
19)see /watch /notice /look at/ listen to /hear sb doing sth ；see /watch /notice /look at/ listen to /hear sb do sth
20)sometimes ：有时候，偶尔sometime ：某一点时间some times ：一些次数，倍数some time ：一段时间
21)find +n/代词+adi 发现n /代是……..的eg：I found the baby sleepy.
find +n/代词+doing 发现n /代正在做…… eg：She found her mother cooking in the kitchen .
find +it+adj+to do sth 发现做某事是…….的eg：They find it easy to learn English well.
22)however，副词。

然而，可是可以放在句首，句中，句尾，且必有逗号和句子隔开。

however 还有无论如何……，不管怎么样however +adj/adv +主+谓！However it is cold ,she always goer swimming，but 连词，无需逗号与句子隔开。

23）have fun with sth / have fun (in) doing sth 高兴得做某事fun 为不可数的名词
24）have a conversation with sb 和某人进行交谈25）not …..at all 根本不not at all 没有关系
26) end up doing sth 最终做了某事end up with 以……结束
Sectiong B
spoken English 口语英语English speaking 说英语的make mistakes in /about 在…….方面犯错误mistake A for B 错把A 当作Bget +n/代词+adj 使n /代词…..的get sb to do sth 使某人做某事get +n/代词+done 使n /代词被…..
forget /remember to do sth 忘记/记得要去做某件事Don‘t forgot to
close the door when you leave !.别忘了锁门，当你离开的时候（锁门这件事还没有发生）forget /remember doing sth 忘记/记得做过的事情I remembered finishing the task. 我记得完成了任务why don‘t you do sth =why not do sth = how/what about doing sth
5)join :表示加入并成为其中一员，其后加组织名词或者人称代词
join in : 加n或者doing 加入但并不一定是其中的一分子
take part in :参加群众性的活动或者会议、考试等。

并在活动中起一定的作用。

其中：take an active part in 表示积极参加
6)learn to do sth 学习去做某事learn sth from sb 从某人那里学
习了………；learn……by heart 背…
7)first of all: 首要，最重要的，常用在列举事例的首项前。

at first : 起先，
开始，常指动作
8)to begin with =firstly 首先，第一，begin with ,以……开始
9)latet on，常用在句子中作状语，可以放在句首，句尾。

用在一般过去时和一
般将来时中
later 表示后来，过后。

其前常与数词连用。

two days later,两天后
10)afraid 表语形容词
–be afraid of sth 害怕某事/某物Most of girls are afraid of dogs.
-be afraid to do sth 害怕去做某事She is afraid to stay at home alone .
-be afraid of doing sth 唯恐做某事Don‘t be afraid of asking for help
-be afaid that 从句恐怕I am afraid that he comes
here
11)laugh at 嘲笑，对……而笑
12)decide to do /that ……. 决定做…… They decided to buy a new
car =They decided that they would buy a new car
decide wh-开头的从句=decide wh-+to do sth We can‘t decide when to leave=We can‘t decide when we should leave..
decide on sth 决定某事
13)也—too,放在肯定句句尾either ，放在否定句句尾also ,放在句中
solution to /of /for……的解决，解答
14)be impressed with /by 被…..感动eg : I am impressed with his
kindness.我被他的善良感动。

15)have trouble /difficult/ problems（in）doing sth.做某事有困难。

16)try to do sth 尽量去做某事----try not to do sth 尽量不去做某事
17)try doing sth 尝试着做某事You should try eating more fruit.
try one‘e best to do sth 尽某人最大的努力做某事We should try our best to fininsh our task.
try on 试穿…….. have a try 试一试
Selfcheck and reading
1)write… down =put… down 写下……put down 还有把……放下look
up 查阅look into 调查look for 寻找take notes 做笔记，做记录make up 由……组成；编造；弥补；代词放中间，名词放在中间或后边
2)a +序数词+n 表示又一个；再一个
3)around the world==across the world==around the world 遍及世界
4)help sb do sth=help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事help oneself to +
食物，随便吃点…….
with the help of sb=with sb‘s help 在某人的帮助下,该短语在句之中做状语
5)deal with--- 处理. 用how,来提问强调处理的过程.. How do you deal
with this problem.
do with --- 处理. 用what,来提问强调处理的结果. What do you do with this problem.
--- 想要与can /could 连用Can you do with a tea?你想要一杯茶吗？
--- 与……有关常与have to 连用I think he has something to do with you.我觉得他有些事与你又关。

6)unless=if…..not……除非……,如果不…….,引导条件状语从句，遵守―主将从
现‖的原则。

I will not go unless I am invited by her.= I will not go if I am not
invited by her
7)regard ……as……(as 为介词) eg: I regarded him an my best friend
regards 名词致意，问候eg: Please give my regards to your parents.
as regards ,位于句首，做介词短语，加名词、代词、动名词或what的从句.
8)instead:副词.放在句首或句尾 . instead of 介词短语，其后加名词代词或动
词ing.
9)worry about=be worried about担心，担忧；each other 彼此，one
another 也是彼此。

10)be angry with=be mad at 其后都加人，表示生某人的气be angry
at/about 生某事的气，其后加名词或者从句.
be angry for 因为……而生气. go by ,不及物动词短语. Time
goes by.时光飞逝. .
11)过去分词做定语放在名词的后面，代词的前面.过去分词短语必放在名词和代
词的后面.过去分词和被修饰的成分之间是被动的关系。

否定动词不定式==not to do sth.
12)complain about /of 抱怨…….,对……不满.
13)too much +不可数名词too many +不可数名词much too +形容词
或副词
14)be strict with sb对某人要求严格，be strict at sth.在某事上要求严
格。

15)change……into……，把……转变成…..,变成……
Eg: We can change ice into water by heating.我们能把冰转换成水通过加热。

help—名词，with the help of sb=with sb‘s help 在某人的帮助下---动词，help sb do sth=help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事
16)think of 思考；考虑；想起；认为think about 思考；考虑think
out 想出
17)compare A to B 把A 比作B We often compare teachers to
candles.我们通常把老师比作
compare A with B,把A 和B 做对比They often compared my handwriting with my father
18)let sb do sth,让某人做某事；let sb not do sth 让某人不要做某事
Unit 2 I used to be afraid of the dark Sectiong A 1）used to do sth 过去常常做某事eg: I used to be afraid of the dark.我过去常常害怕黑暗
used to be +名词短语，形容词eg : I used to be a student.我过去
是一个学生。

I used to be lovely.我过去是可爱的.
否定:didn‘t use to do sth/didn‘t used to be…… eg: I didn‘t used to be afraid of the dark
反意疑问形式: used to do sth ,didn‘t +主语eg: He used to be afraid of the da rk,didn‘t he?
used to do sth, usedn‘t +主语eg: He used to be afraid of the dark,usedn‘t he
be used to do sth=be used for doing sth 被用来做……
eg: The tool is used to paint the wall.= The tool is used for painting the wall.
be used to doing sth ,习惯于做某事
eg: I am used to washing my face with the cold water.我习惯用冷水洗脸。

afraid 表语形容词–be afraid of sth 害怕某事/某物Most of girls are afraid of dogs.
-be afraid to do sth 害怕去做某事She is afraid to stay at home alone .
-be afraid of doing sth 唯恐做某事Don‘t be afraid of asking for help
-be afaid that 从句恐怕I am afraid that he comes here
1)否定的一般疑问句，。

翻译成: 难道不……回答a)yes,……
不，……b)no,…… 是的，……
Haven‘t you ever studied with your friends?yes ,I have.I‘ve
learnt a lot that way.
难道你没有和你的朋友们学习过吗？不，我学习过.通过那种方法学习到很多.
Don‘t you remember me?Yes,I do. //No,I don‘t..难道你不记得我了吗？不，我记得.是的，我记得
2)be interested in=take an interst in 对……感兴趣，其主语为人.
3)play +球、棋、牌；play+ the +乐器；play播放
4)on the swim team,在游泳队
5)People sure change.人们确实在变. 其中sure 是副词=certainly
sure 做形容词常用句型----be sure to do sth 有把握做某事；I am sure to pass the exam.
---be sure that …… 确信……I am sure that he will come in a monent.
---be sure of sth. 相信，确信某件事I am sure of it.
make sure :确保，Make sure that the door is closed..
6)Here is a list of things that many people are afraid of……
here 等地点副词或地点状语位于句首是，主语和谓语的位臵颠倒。

Here comes a bus. 车来了！
In the front of our classroom standed a old man.一个老人站在我们教室的前面。

但是这种情况的主语是名词，如果是代词，则不颠倒主语和谓语的位臵。

In the front of our classroom she standed.
alone :单独的，表示一个人的.只能做表语lonely :孤独的，表示心灵上的寂寞.它作定语时是人迹罕至的，偏僻的意思。

lone :孤独的，无伴的。

可以做定语..
7)in front of :在……的前面；in the front of : 在……内部的前面
8)be afraid /terrified of 害怕…… I am afraid /terrified of being
alone. be terrified at 因为看到/听到……而害怕
9)with +宾语+宾语补足语（动词的ing/ed ,形容词，副词（介词），或者to do
sth）在句子中做状语
eg: I went to the bedroom with the light on. It was so hot that we slept with all the windows open all night.
With you to help us, we are sure to finish the work on time . With a boy leading the way, they started towards the village With the problems solved, we all felt very happy. go to sleep 去睡觉, on TV.在电视上
section B
1)hate doing sth 讨厌做某事（习惯性的动作）；hate to do sth 讨厌做某事
（具体的，一次性的行为）
2)have to具有客观性，有各种时态的变化；must 具有主观性，只能用在一般
现在时和一般过去时
注意：两者在时态范围允许的情况下，可以互换使用。

Eg: I have to get up early to catch the early train；I must learn more English.
3)take the +交通工具+to +地点==go to +地点+by+交通工具
Eg :I go to school by bus everyday= I take the bus to school every day.
类似转换: walk to……=go to ……on foot；drive to……=go to ……by car
4)chew gum嚼口香糖all the time一直
5)表语丛句—系动词后面由
that ,who ,when ,where,which,why ,wether ,as if 引导的句子一定要用陈述语序
that在表语从句中不可以省掉
eg: He has become what he wanted to be ten years ago；His suggestion is that we should stay calm
6)busy—be busy doing sth=be busy with sth 忙于做某事
eg: He was busy with doing his work==He was busy with his work.
7)so much +不可数名词// so many+可数名词复数//so little +不可数名in
school =at school 在求学中
8)花费的句型It takes sb +时间段+to do sth Sb spend +时间段或者
金钱+（in）doing sth.
Sb spend +时间段或者金钱+on sth Sth cost sb +时间段或者金钱
Eg:It took her ten hours to write the article.她花费了10个小时去写这篇文章。

She spent ten hours in writing the article.或者She spent ten hours on the article. The book costed her 10 yuan .
9)all 1）所有的，全部的eg: all the students所有的学生all the milk 所
有的牛奶
2）整个的eg: all day=the whole day一整天阿
10)not ……any more=no more=stop doing sth指动作行为不再重复或
者发生
eg : They don‘t use animals to do farm work any more.=They no
more use animals to do farm work.
They stop using animals to do farm work.他们不再用动物去做农场工作。

not……any longer=no longer =stop being
Eg:I am not young any longer=I am on long young=I stop being young.我不再年轻.
11)chat with /to sb about sth 和某人聊某事
eg :After class,I like chatting with my friends on the internet. 12)hardly ever/hardly 几乎不副词但是注意如有hardly 后面有any 或
者a ,any 不能改为some
there were hardly any people in the square yesterday.昨天广场上几乎没有任何人。

.
13)miss –想念思念—错过miss doing sth 错过做某事
14)in the last few years 在过去的几年里==in the past few years
15)mind 介意多用在疑问、否定和条件句中常接动词ing 形式
mind 的一般疑问时回答用yes / of course /certainly 等为介意的意思
no / of course not /certainly not 为不介意
Would you mind waitting a minute? No ./yes 你介意在等一会儿吗？
不介意/介意
Do you mind if I open the door?你介意我打开门吗？
mind sb‘s doing sth 介意某人作某事，eg :I minded his behaving as
a doctor.
mind 作名词为思想的意思have mind to do sth 有做某事的想法
make up one‘s mind to do sth,下定决心去做某事
Selfcheck and reading
1)make :使；让make sb do sth 让某人做某事eg:He always made his
friends laugh.
make +n/代词+adj 使某人……的eg:The good news made us happy.
make +n/代词+done 使n/代词被…… eg: She raised her voice to make herself heard
2)stressed out 形容词短语紧张的疲惫的常为短语: be /get stressed
out
3)worry about ==be worried about 担忧；担心grow my hair long留
长我的头发
4)seem 系动词---似乎，好像
a)其后+adj eg:She always seems sad.她总是似乎很悲伤。

b)Sb.seem to do sth=it seems that sb do sth 似乎做某事
Eg:They seem to be able to do the work.= It seems that they are able to the work.看上去他们能完成这个工作.
c)There seems to be 看起来好像有，似乎有
5)cause –动词造成，使发生(通常指引起不好的结果) --不可数名词原因理
由
辨析: cause 起因，后接介词of eg:The cause of accident was that he drove too fast.
reason 决定做某件事的理由eg:The reason that he was late is that he got up late.
excuse :借口，可以是真的，也可以是假的.eg:He made a good excuse for his fast driving.
6)trouble---麻烦;不可数名词常用词组: in trouble 在麻烦中out of
trouble 摆脱麻烦
7)change one‘s life.改变了某人的生活.
8)give sb sth=give sth to sb.给某人某物其中，give sb sth ,其中sb和
sth 为双宾语
类似的还有show .sent ,buy……
9)death 死为名词扩展---dead 形容词做表语和定语强调死的状态have
been dead+for +时间段表示已经死了…….
=die+一段时间+ago 多久以前死了eg:He has been dead for ten years,but his wife always missed him.
---die 瞬间动词不和时间段连用
---dying 为die的ing 形式，它可以做形容词使用翻译为，垂死的，要死的，可以放在名词的前面做定语或者系动词的后边做表语。

Eg:The dying solider wanted to look at his country.垂死的士兵想要看看他的祖国The dog is dying .狗要死了！
10)形容词比较级和最高级: 比较级最高级
单音节形容词直接+er +est
辅音加y的形容词去y+ier +iest
重读闭音节双写尾辅+er +est
双音节和多音节的形容词在其前+more 变比较级; +most变最高级
特殊变化good/well —better --- best ill/bad----worse-----worst much/many---more----most far-----farther----farthest
注意形容词的比较级可以有副词much,a lot ,a little ,rather ,even ,stil,a bit 等放在其前来修饰
Eg:Martin‘s life is much more difficult.
11)afford 买得起,负担的起
常为:be able to/can} afford sth能够负担的起某物eg:He can afford an apartment.他能买得起一栋房子。

be able to /can afford to do sth.它能够负担的起做某事eg:He is able to afford to go abroad.他能过负担起出国。

12)pay for+sth,为某物付钱；pay 钱for 物---为某物付钱
13)look after=take care of 照顾，有关look的词组look through 浏
览；look into 调查，往…里看
look for 寻找;look at 看……;look round 环视，环顾. look like 看起来像；look over 检查look up查阅
14)as +形/副原级+as one could/can= as +形/副原级+as possible 尽某
人所能；尽某人之全力
eg:I will study English as hard as I could.= I will study English as hard as possible
我会尽力学好英语
15)get into trouble 陷入麻烦eg: They got us into trouble,他们使我
们陷入了麻烦
get into trouble with sb---与某人发生冲突eg:He often got into trouble with police.
他常常和警察发生冲突
16)patient---名词病人---形容词有耐心的
be patient with sb容忍某人,对某人有耐心Eg:The teacher is patient with a child.老师对学生有耐心的。

be patient of sth 容忍某事eg: He is patient of noise. 他能容忍噪音.
17)give up 放弃—1)名词放在up 前后都可以，代词要放在up中2）give
up doing sth,放弃做某事
18)in the end=at last =finally 最终,最后
19)make a decision,作决定make a decision to do sth,=decide to
do sth做一个做某事的决定
20)send sb to +地点，把某人派往某地send sb sth=send sth to sb送
给某个某物send sb for sb派某人请某人
21)head teacher ,班主任23）to one‘s surprise .令某人惊喜的是，放
在句首，与主句有逗号隔开
22)even though=even if 即使引导让步状语从句take pride in
=be proud of 以……为骄傲
23)since---既然，强调两者都知道的原因eg:Since you plan to stay at
home ,please do some washing.
because因为，其引导得从句可以独立于主句存在，回答why的特殊疑问句Why do you like him? Because he is honest.
as---因为,其引导得从句与主句一样的重要，
for –引导的原因状语从句，不位于主句之前.eg:It will rain for there is a dark.
24)make sb do sth,是某人做某事，make sb/sth done,是某人某物
被…… make +n/代词+adj使n/代词...的
25)pay attention to 对……注意。

其中to 为介词，
unit 3 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes section A 语态—主动语态:主语是动作的发出者或者执行者
—被动语态:主语是动作的承受者—构成为:be +及物动词的过去分词（+by+动作发出者）
其时态，由be 的变化来体现的:
一般现在时的被动语态—am/ is/are+及物动词的过去分词（+by+动作发出者）注:变疑问—am/is/are提前
Eg: My homework was finished by myself.我的作业由我自己完成的
现在进行的被动语态—am/is/are +being+及物动词的过去分词（+by+动作发出者）注:变疑问—am/is/are提前. Eg :The work is being done by these soliders.工作由是士兵们正在进行.
一般过去时的被动语态—was/were +及物动词的过去分词（+by+动作发出者）注:变疑问—was/were提前
Eg: The soldier was killed, but the train was saved. 这位战士牺牲了，然而列车得救了.
现在完成时的被动—have/hasbeen +及物动词过去分词（+by+动作发出者）注:变疑问—have/hase提前
A power station has been set up in their home town. 他们的家乡建立了一座发电站.
一般将来时的被动—will+ be +及物动词的过去分词（+by+动作发出者）注:变疑问—will提前
Eg: My second boy will be sent to school next September. 过年九月我将送我次子去读书。

有情态动词的被动语态:情态动词+be +及物动词的过去分词（+by+动作发出者）变疑问—情态动词提前
Eg:Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes Should Teenagers be allowed to choose their own clothes?
含有双宾语的被动语态:其中两个宾语都可以作为被动的主语
He gave her some money. 他给她一些钱。

→ She was given some
money.或Some money was given to him.
含有复合宾语的被动（复合宾语=宾语+宾语补足语例如: make sb do sth,want sb to do sth……）
其中省略动词不定式的结构中再变成被动语态时要讲to 加回去(make sb do sth,see sb do sth……)
Eg: I saw him paly football on the playground ----He was seen to play football on the playground.
1)allow—允许，allow sb to do sth,允许某人做某事; sb be allowed to do
sth为其被动语态
eg:My father didn‘t allow me to go there.---I was not allowed to go there by my father.
allow doing sth 允许做某事eg:He allows smoking here.他允许在这里吸烟.
—承认allow +n/代词/宾语从句eg:He allowed that he was wrong.
2)choose—chose---chosen 选择choose……from…….，从……选择……
3)own,自己的，常和形容词性物主代词（my,your,his,her,its,our,your,their）
或者人名+‘s连用
eg:in my own room.在我自己的房间里；in kate‘s own house在凯特自己的房子里
4)sisteen-year-olds=sisteen-year-old teenagers,十六岁的青少年数词
和单数的名词用―-‖连用，表形容词，后要加形容词
5)get +n/代词+done(其中get 可以换成have ,make,)译为―使n/代词
被……‖或者是让别人做…….
eg:Why don‘t you get(have/make)the work done？为什么你不让工
作被别人完成呢？
get sb to do sth, 使某人做某事eg:I got Song to come here with her mother.我让宋和他妈来.
get +n/代+adj，使n/代... ...的，eg:You should get the baby asleep.你应该让这个孩子睡觉.
6) a part-time job一份兼职工作driver‘s licence 汽车驾照go out 出
去cut sb‘s hair剪头发
7)agree----agree with sb 同意某人说的话或者是意见eg: I don't agree
with her on many things.
agree to +表示计划安排之类的名词eg: Do you agree to this plan?
Sth agree with sb 相符，相宜eg:Seafood doesn't agree with me！
agree to do sth ,同意作某事eg:We agreed to go to swim tomorrow!
agree that 从句eg: We agreed that he went abroad to learn computer agree on 达成协议
8)serious ----严肃，严重。

Be serious about 对……认真，严肃
9)enough 足够的，作副词，放在形容词或者副词的后边，eg:He isn‘t old
enough not to go to school.‘
做形容词，放在名词的前后都可以，I have enough books.(books enough)
10)stop---stop doing sth =give up doing sth停止做某事eg:She
should stop wearing like that.
stop to do sth 停下来去做另外一件事eg:I stoped to watch TV。

11)seem----似乎好像seem+形容词Everything seems easy.一切似乎
很容易。

seem+like+n./ V-ing，意思是"看起来像……"
It seems like years since I last saw you.自从我上次见到你以后，好像是过了好几年
seem+不定式The maths problem seems to be very difficult to work out.这道数学题似乎很难解决。

It seems/seemed +that从句It seems that he is lying.看来他在撒谎。

=He seems to be lying.
There seems to be...,意为"似乎有；好像有" There seems to be no work for you to do now.看来现在没有工作需要你做了。

12)need ---做实意动词讲need (sb/sth) to do sth 需要（某人/某事物）去
做某事//need sth 需要某事物
sth need doing =sth need to be done 某物需要被……
eg: The room needed cleaning up =The room needed to be cleaned up.房间需要被清扫。

做情态动词，仅用于否定句和疑问句中，还可以回答must 的一般疑问句。

Eg:You needn‘t come so ea rly./ Must I finish the work today?No ,you needn‘t.
13)spend—度过I spent the summer vacation with my parents in
the USA 花费spend……（in）doing sth /spend ……on sth
eg:I spent 5 yuan in buying this book. I spent 5yuan on this book.我花费五元在（买）这本书。

It take sb some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人做某事eg:It took me five days to finish the task.
Sth cost sb +时间或者金钱The book costed me five yuan .这本书花费
了我五元
14)so +助动词/情态动词+主语上文是肯定句的情况下）表示该主语和上文主
语情况一致
eg: He is woking-hard. So is his sister. You have been to Shanghai ,so have I .You must study hard ,so must the other students. so+主语+助动词/情态动词（上文是肯定句的情况下）表示强调上文的情况
eg：He is woking-hard. So he is./ You have been to Shanghai，so you have.
Neither/nor+助动词/情态动词+主语（上文是否定句的情况下）表示该主语和上文主语情况一致
Neither/nor+主语+助动词/情态动词（上文是肯定句的情况下）表示强调上文的情况
15)yet ,用在完成时疑问句或者否定句，且在句尾，其含义=already.
16)too,也，用在肯定句的句尾；either ,也，放在否定句的句尾，also,放在
句中，
17)stay up 熬夜，不睡觉。

19)clean up
Section B fail 失败，fail sth在……上失败/ fail to do sth.未做成某事1)get to +地点=arrive at /in+地点=reach +地点表示到达某地如果仅
仅表示到达这一概念则用get 或者arrive.
2)take /have the test 参加考试pass the test 通过考试be strict with
sb.对某人要求严格be strict in sth ,对某事要求严格
3)the other day前几天，与过去时连用。

the next day,接下来几天，与过去
时连用，
next day 下一天，与将来时连用look smart看起来精神
4)would like to do sth=want to do sth 想要做某事；还可以有would like
sb to do sth =want sb to do sth
would like 的一般疑问句的回答要注意：yes,I ‗d like/love to ; sorry,I hope I can,but……
当用这个句型表示邀请对方吃东西的时候，回答：yes ,please ;no ,thanks ………
Eg:Would you like to attend the meeting ?No.,I would like you to attend instead of me。

Would you like another cup of coffee?Yes ,please;No, thanks 5)if 引导的条件状语从句，如果从句是一般过去时，那么主句就用过去将来时
eg:If we did that ,we should concentrate more on our clothes than our studies
6)be good for ,对……有好处;be bad for ,对……有坏处，
7)concentrate on 集中于……;全神贯注于……;eg:You should
concentrate on your listening skills.
8)design 设计常用被动语态词组：be designed to do sth 被设计用来
做……
eg: They are designed to help the blind cross the roads.
他们被设计出来去帮助忙
be designed for……为了（某种目的和用途）而设计eg:It is designed for children.
be designed as……作为……而被设计eg:The room is designed as our children‘s playroom.
9)keep+n/代词+形容词；使n/代词保持……的，eg:I kept myself warm by
walking up and down.。