高三英语阅读理解(时文广告)解题技巧及练习题含解析

高三英语阅读理解(时文广告)解题技巧及练习题含解析
一、高中英语阅读理解时文广告类
1．阅读理解
Student Scholarships
5 Strong Scholarship
Application Deadline: August 20th
Scholarship Description: The 5 Strong Scholarship Foundation is a team of experienced educators that have over 30 years of experience in helping minority nationality students get into college. We have teamed up to form a foundation that's going to be devoted to building groups of 5 college ready scholars and placing them on the campuses of Historically Black Colleges and Universities.
Contact: Andrew H. Ragland； 770-873-6621
$ 1,000 College JumpStart Scholarship
Application Deadline: October 8th
Scholarship Description: The $ 1,000 College JumpStart Scholarship is a virtue-based competition that is open to 7th—12th graders and college students and non —traditional students. Applicants must be juniors or seniors or adult students.
Contact: Adrian Monk； 650-319-8441
ACF Andrew Piech Memorial Scholarship
Application Deadline: July 9th
Scholarship Description: One or more scholarships are awarded each year to New Mexico graduating high school seniors and continuing college students. Students must go after a degree or certificate from a non-profit public or technical professional institution including community college.
Contact: Daniel White； 505-883-6240
"Species On The Edge 2. 0" Social Scholarship
Application Deadline: September 19th
Scholarship Description: Conserve Wildlife Foundation invites high school student from across the state to submit an original social media campaign showing why wildlife is important to protect. The fun and educational contest provides students with the opportunity to show their talent, creativity and love for nature. The students may get scholarships if they perform well.
Contact： Stephanie Dalessio； 609-984-6021
（1）What's the $ 1,000 College JumpStart Scholarship mainly based on?
A.Certificate.
B.Virtue.
C.Protecting wildlife.
D.Helping black students.
（2）Who can minority nationality students call for help if they want to get a scholarship?
A.Stephanie Dalessio.
B.Adrian Monk.
C.Daniel White
D.Andrew H. Ragland.
（3）Which of the following is intended for New Mexican students?
A.5 Strong Scholarship.
B.$ 1,000 College JumpStart Scholarship.
C.ACF Andrew Piech Memorial Scholarship.
D."Species On The Edge 2. 0" Social Scholarship.
【答案】（1）B
（2）D
（3）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四个学生奖学金项目。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据$ 1,000 College JumpStart Scholarship部分中的“The $ 1,000 College JumpStart Scholarship is a virtue-based competition”可知该奖学金的评选是建立在美德的基础上的。

故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据 5 Strong Scholarship部分中的“The 5 Strong Scholarship Foundation is a team of experienced educators that have over 30 years of experience in helping minority nationality students get into college.”可知，该奖学金基金会的工作者在帮助少数民族学生上大学方面有30多年的经验。

本段下面有该基金会的联系人：Andrew H. Ragland。

因此，如果希望获得这项奖学金，少数民族学生可以向Andrew H. Ragland寻求帮助。

故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据ACF Andrew Piech Memorial Scholarship部分中的“One or more scholarships are awarded each year to New Mexico graduating high school seniors and continuing college students.”可知，每年新墨西哥州的高中毕业并继续上大学的学生会得到一个或多个奖学金。

因此，ACF Andrew Piech Memorial Scholarship是针对新墨西哥州的学生。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息。

并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解
14 Oct 2019
Sydney, CBD, Inner West & Eastern Suburbs
Full Time
Administration & Office Support, Office Management
The Opportunity:
We are currently looking for an energetic office assistant to support the daily running of our office! This is a hands-on role that would suit someone who has an office management background and is looking for a busy role within an exciting industry. Within this role you will have the opportunity to deal with clients at home and abroad.
Duties will include, but are not limited to:
Being the face of the office!
Meet and greet guests with a warm and friendly approach
Manage all deliveries in and out of the office
Office Administration
Manage expenses for the management team
Order stationary
Manage kitchen supplies
Order samples for sales staff
General office management ensuring everywhere is kept tidy
Sales & Marketing Support
Support the management team on meeting arrangements
Order catering for meetings
Event Management
Coordination of wine dinners with customers
Arrange office social events
Travel Bookings
Support the management team with travel bookings
About you:
To be successful in this role you will have administration or office management experience and will be comfortable dealing with people at all levels. You will be flexible, adaptable and will have strong organizational skills.
To apply for this role, please submit your application through our career's website: .au/
（1）Which of the following is unnecessary for application?
A.Relevant work experience.
B.Flexible interpersonal skills.
C.Thoughtful handling of affairs.
cational background in management.
（2）From the duties mentioned above, what should you do after landing the job?
A.Receive guests warm-heartedly.
B.Clean up the general office daily.
C.Chair meetings from time to time.
D.Offer booking service for all the staff.
【答案】（1）D
（2）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，悉尼CBD正在招聘办公室助理，文章主要介绍了岗位职责及对招聘者的要求。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据About you部分中的“To be successful in this role you will have administration or office management experience and will be comfortable dealing with people at all levels. You will be flexible, adaptable and will have strong organizational skills.”要成功获得这个职位，你将拥有行政或办公室管理经验，舒适地与各级人员打交道。

你应是灵活的，适应能力强的，并且有很强的组织能力，可知，这个工作的要求拥有管理经验，灵活的人际关系能力和强悍的适应力，强大的组织能力，并没有提及有管理方面的教育背景。

由此可
知，管理方面的教育背景并不是申请这个岗位的必要条件。

故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据Being the face of the office部分中的“meet and greet guests with a warm and friendly approach”热情友好的接待客人)，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一则招聘信息，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解
Washington State is best known for its biggest city of Seattle, but it is also home to a staggering number of scenic destinations. Below are the four must-visit places in Washington State as you plan your next trip.
Lake Chelan
Lake Chelan is a hub for scenery, outdoor recreation and wine Lasting in the Pacific Northwest. You can spend a day sipping and sightseeing at places like Vin du Lac Winery, Karma Vineyards or Mellisoni Vineyards. Ride on a seaplane that takes off and lands in the lake itself, or try water-skiing during the summer months. Hiking possibilities are abundant, and on Historic Main Street you can dine on farm-to-table cuisine from a range of independent eateries.
Columbia River Gorge
South of the Rattlesnake Hills, and right in the heart of the Columbia River Plateau, is the Columbia River Gorge. The gorge cuts through the Cascade Mountains forming the boundary between Washington and Oregon, and you can get spectacular views of the gorge from above. The Multnomah Falls cascade right into the gorge at one point, only adding to the beauty of this particular destination.
Spokane
After Seattle, Spokane is the largest city in Washington, and it is located in the eastern portion of the state close to the border with Idaho. In Spokane, you can visit the Riverfront Park and stroll along the banks of the scenic Spokane River. Some of the city's top attractions include the John A. Finch Arboretum, the Northwest Museuni of Arts and Culture and Spokane Falls. You may also want to check out some of the city's popular golf courses or take a tasting tour through some of the world- famous breweries.
North Cascades National Park
The park is home to a large amount of wildlife, including animals like grizzly bears, gray wolves and lynx. Hike or drive to Mount Baker, a volcano located within the North Cascades, to get an unparalleled view of the nearby Mt. Shuksan, which is definitely the most photographed in all of North America.
（1）Which of the following activities does Lake Chelan offer?
A. Golfing.
B. Hiking.
C. Parachuting.
D. Motorcycling.
（2）Which place appeals to photographers most?
A.Rattlesnake Hills.
B.Karma Vineyards.
C.Mt. Shuksan.
D.Spokane Falls.
（3）Which two places are recommended to enjoy alcoholic drinks?
A.North Cascades National Park & Spokane.
ke Chelan & Columbia River Gorge.
C.Spokane & Lake Chelan.
ke Chelan & North Cascades National Park.
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四个西雅图的风景名胜，包括Lake Chelan、Columbia River Gorge、Spokane和North Cascades National Park。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据Lake Chelan部分中的“Hiking possibilities are abundant, and on Historic Main Street you can dine on farm-to-table cuisine from a range of independent eateries.”徒步旅行的可能性非常丰富，在历史上的主要街道上，你可以吃到农场到餐桌的美食从一系列独立的餐馆，可知，Lake Chelan提供了徒步旅行活动。

故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据North Cascades National Park部分中的“Hike or drive to Mount Baker, a volcano located within the North Cascades, to get an unparalleled view of the nearby Mt. Shuksan, which is definitely the most photographed in all of North America.”徒步或驱车前往Baker山，一个位于北瀑布内的火山，以获得一个无与伦比的附近的Mt. Shuksan的景色，这绝对是在整个北美被拍照最多的山。

可知，Mt. Shuksan最吸引摄影师。

故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据 Lake Chelan部分中的“Lake Chelan is a hub for scenery, outdoor recreation and wine Lasting in the Pacific Northwest.”Chelan湖位于太平洋西北部，是风景、户外娱乐和葡萄酒的中心；以及 Spokane部分中的“You may also want to check out some of the city's popular golf courses or take a tasting tour through some of the world- famous breweries.”你可能还想看看这个城市的一些受欢迎的高尔夫球场，或者去一些世界著名的啤酒厂来一场品鉴之旅，可知，Spokane和Lake Chelan是推荐喝酒的好去处。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解
More than great drinks, great rewards
Enjoy all the benefits and more with your membership to our Loyalty Program!
Whenever you pay with your membership account, you'll earn a Star.
Collect more Stars, earn more rewards.
Three ways to join us
Buy a Starbucks Card handy to create an account
Track your Stars online or through the mobile app, and we'll send an email when you've earned a reward.
You can also join from your phone.
Download the Starbucks App.
One of the most exciting benefits of being a member is using our mobile app to: pay for
purchases; view your Stars and rewards; access iTunes Pick of the Week; see current offers.
Or you can join with specially marked coffee purchased at the grocery store.
Enter your Starcode (limit: 2 per day)
Look for the Starcode symbol on specially marked Starbucks products where you buy groceries. Three levels with increasingly greater rewards
To reach each level in our Loyalty Program, you need to collect more Stars. (Remember: to earn a Star, you must pay with a registered Starbucks Card.)
Welcome level
To earn your first rewards, just register a Starbucks Card.
Birthday drink or treat on us, birthday coupon (优惠券) for 15% off a purchase at .
Green level
Collect 5 Stars within 12 months and you'll be in the Green level.
What is included in the Welcome level plus
Free in-store refills (续杯) on hot or iced brewed coffee or tea
Gold level
Collect 30 Stars within 12 months and you'll be at the Gold level.
What is included in the Green level plus
A free food or drink item after another 12 Stars earned
Personalized Gold Card
（1）Which of the following is a way you can apply for membership?
A. To update the Starbucks App.
B. To collect 5 stars within 12 month.
C. To send an email to .
D. To enter a Starcode from specially marked Starbucks products.
（2）With a Starbucks Card of Green level, you will get ________.
A. a free drink item
B. free in-store refills
C. personalized Gold Card
D. all purchases 15% off
（3）Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A.To earn a Star, you must pay by credit card.
B.You can enter your Starcode three times a day.
C.With the Starbucks App, you can view current offers.
D.For Welcome level, you can refill iced brewed coffee or tea.
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，是星巴克做的一个广告宣传。

主要介绍了银星级会员、绿色会员和金星级会员等供人们选择，并鼓励人们成为会员。

（1）考查细节理解。

文章第二个黑色小标题“Three ways to join us”三种方式加入我们，下列出了可以申请星巴克会员的三种方式，分别是：买张会员卡开个账户；通过手机上的APP申请加入；在便利店买带有星巴克标志的产品，找到星巴克密码标志。

所以通过输入
在便利店买的带有星巴克标志的产品上的星巴克密码是一种成为星巴克会员的方式。

故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据Green level部分中的“Free in-store refills (续杯) on hot or iced brewed coffee or tea”可以在店内免费续杯热的、冰的煮好的咖啡或茶，可知，成为星巴克绿色会员，就可以免费续杯。

故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据“One of the most exciting benefits of being a member is using our mobile app to: pay for purchases; view your Stars and rewards; access iTunes Pick of the Week; see current offers.”可知，通过手机APP申请会员有以下几大好处：手机支付、查看你的星级与奖励、可以听iTunes本周最佳选择、查看订单进度。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇广告类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解
Jane Austen is loved mainly as a charming guide to fashionable life in the Regency period (英国摄政时期). She is admired for describing a world of elegant houses, dances, servants and fashionable young men driving barouches (四轮四座大马车). But her own vision of her task was completely different. She was an ambitious and strict moralist. She was highly conscious of human failings and she had a deep desire to make people nicer: less selfish, more reasonable and more sensitive to the needs of others.
In Pride and Prejudice, Mr. Darcy and Elizabeth Bonnet start off heartily disliking each other and then, gradually realize they are in love. They make one of the great romantic couples. He is handsome, rich and well connected; she is pretty, smart and lively. But why actually are they right for one another?
Jane Austen is very clear. It's for a reason we tend not to think of very much today: It is because each can educate and improve the other. When Mr. Darcy arrives in the neighborhood, he feels "superior" to everyone else, because he has more money and higher status. At a key moment, Elizabeth condemns his arrogance (自大) and pride to his face. It sounds offensive in the extreme, but later he admits that this was just what he needed.
Mostly, we tend to think of love as liking someone for who they already are, and of total acceptance. But the person who is right for us, Austen is saying, is not simply someone who makes us feel relaxed or comfortable; they got to be able to help us overcome our failings and become more mature, more honest and kinder—and we need to do something similar for them.（1）What do we know about Jane Austen from paragraph 1?
A. She lived a fashionable life.
B. She wrote about the life of the rich.
C. She knew exactly human virtues.
D. She was nicer to less selfish people.
（2）What can we learn about Mr. Darcy from the text?
A. He dislikes Elizabeth from the beginning to the end.
B. He is handsome, rich and rather modest.
C. He is kind to everyone in the neighborhood.
D. He needs Elizabeth to point out his shortcomings.
（3）Which person is right for you according to Jane Austen?
A. A person that you like for who he or she is.
B. A person with whom you feel really relaxed.
C. A person making you become a better man or woman.
D. A person who does something similar to you.
（4）What message does the book Pride and Prejudice convey?
A. Improve yourself with your lover's help.
B. Accept the people you love totally.
C. Earn much money to make people love you.
D. Find your true love with pride and prejudice.
【答案】（1）B
（2）D
（3）C
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了简·奥斯丁的著作《傲慢与偏见》中传达了在爱人的帮助下提高自己的思想。

简·奥斯丁认为一个让你成为更好的男人或女人的人最适合你。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的”She is admired for describing a world of elegant houses, dances, servants and fashionable young men driving bar ouches.“她因描述了一个充满优雅的房子、舞蹈、仆人和时髦的年轻人驾着四轮马车的世界而受到赞赏。

可知她写了关于富人的生活。

故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第二段中的”At a key moment, Elizabeth condemns his arrogance and pride to his face. It sounds offensive in the extreme, but later he admits that this was just what he needed.“在关键时刻，伊丽莎白当面谴责了他的傲慢和骄傲。

这听起来很无礼，但后来他承认这正是他所需要的。

可知达西先生需要伊丽莎白指出他的缺点。

故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的”But the person who is right for us, Austen is saying, is not simply someone who makes us feel relaxed or comfortable; they got to be able to help us overcome our failings and become more mature, more honest and kinder—and we need to do something similar for them.“但奥斯汀说，适合我们的人，不仅仅是让我们感到放松或舒适的人;他们必须能够帮助我们克服失败，变得更成熟、更诚实、更善良——我们需要为他们做一些类似的事情。

可知简·奥斯丁认为一个让你成为更好的男人或女人的人最适合你。

故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的”It's for a reason we tend not t o think of very much today: It is because each can educate and improve the other.“这是一个我们今天很少想到的原因:因为每个人都可以教育且帮助对方提高。

可知《傲慢与偏见》这本书传达了在爱人的帮助下提高自己的信息。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解
Prezi Pro users! With Prezi Desktop, all your Prezis are synchronized(同步的) for editing or presenting, online or off. Prezi is engineered for smooth, high-resolution remote(高分辨率) presenting across all devices, wherever there's a connection. No Wi-Fi? No problem. You can present offline using our desktop app. You can even use your mobile device as a remote presentation clicker. Prezi works with iPhone, iPad, and Android devices.
Basic
Individual
Teams
For students and teachers, we offer discounts when you sign up using a valid school email address. Click here to Learn more.
（1）If one wants to use Prezi for presentations online, and control who sees them, how much does it cost at least a month?
A. Free.
B. $ 5
C. $ 15
D. $ 59
（2）According to the passage, how many of the following conclusions are TRUE?
①Prezi is a software for editing presentations that only can be used online
②For Prezi, both mobi le phone app and PC software are available.
③Most Prezi users prefer plus advanced presenter features, and offline access.
④A university student may get lower prices when getting Prezi software.
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
（3）Where does the passage most probably come from?
A. Magazine.
B. Website.
C. Textbook.
D. Newspaper.
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）B
【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了Prezi这款软件的信息。

（1）细节理解题。

根据Standard部分中Create beautiful presentations in our online editor, and control who sees them.（在我们的在线编辑器中创建漂亮的演示文稿，并控制谁能看到它们。

）及下面的价格可知，如果你想用Prezi在网上做演讲，并控制谁能看到，至少一个月要花五美元。

故选B。

（2）细节理解题。

根据第一段第二句With Prezi Desktop, all your Prezis are synchronized(同步的)for editing or presenting, online or off.（使用Prezi桌面，您的所有Prezis是同步编辑或呈现，在线或离线。

）可知，Prezi是编辑的软件演示，在线离线都可以使用，故选项①错误；根据第一段中You can present offline using our desktop app. You can even use your mobile device as a remote presentation clicker. Prezi works with iPhone, iPad, and Android devices.（您可以使用我们的桌面应用程序离线演示。

您甚至可以使用您的移动设备作为远程演示单击器。

Prezi适用于iPhone、iPad和Android设备。

）可知，手
机应用和电脑软件都可以使用Prezi。

故选项②正确；根据Plus部分中For more presenting power. Everything you get with Basic, plus privacy control, advanced presenter features, and offline access.（来获得更多的表达能力。

所有你得到的基本，加上隐私控制，先进的演示功能，和离线访问。

）可知，大多数Prezi用户更喜欢高级呈现器功能和离线访问。

故选项③正确；根据最后一段For students and teachers, we offer discounts when you sign up using a valid school email address.可知，大学生购买Prezi软件时可能会得到更低的价格。

故④正确。

综上可知有三项结论是正确的。

故选C。

（3）推理判断题。

根据最后一段最后一句Click here to Learn more.（点击这里了解更多信息。

）可知，文章最有可能摘自网站。

故选B。

【点评】考查阅读理解。

应用文阅读可以先看题干，抓住关键词，在原文找对应词、短语或句子，注意同义词、反义词、上下义词等。

7．阅读理解
By the time you read these words, winter should have gone within the Northern Hemisphere (半球). But at its worst, this winter was unusually cold. Here in New York City on January 31, the low temperature dropped to -17℃. In Chicago, it was also -17℃—but that was the high. The low jumped to -29℃. And the wind chill within the Windy City was -44℃ or -46℃, relying on which climate station was crying out in pain. As comic Lewis Black said, "That is not weather. That's an emergency condition."
When the forecast warned us a few days earlier that Arctic air was looming (阴森地逼近), President Trump issued a sincere and helpful tweet, which ended with: "What the hell is going on with Global Warming? Please come back fast, we need you!" And being the most powerful man on Earth, he was successful in his polite request. On February 4 the Chicago temperature reached 11℃. And the following day the Big Apple was in a sunny 19℃.
The Arctic is warming at twice the speed as the global average. This heat might help disrupt (打破) the polar vortex, a gradual wind pattern that usually stays focused on circling the North Pole.
A shaky jet stream (高速气流) then runs right into a brick wall of that Arctic air, which continues to be fairly cold by human standards, and both wind up lots of miles farther south than they usually belong. And for a few days we in the Deep South—by which I mean Chicago or New York compared with the Arctic—freeze our butts off. But less than a week later, thanks to some warm air coming up from the real South, I was walking outside without a coat on a date when the temperature in Chicago reached 11℃ on February 4.
Like so much else we are currently living through, this experience is not normal. Or it didn't used to be, anyway.
After all, scientists have been warming—sorry, warning—that warming can have these very results. Climate change deniers may sneer (冷笑), "So when it's warmer than usual, that's because of global warming. And when it's colder, that's also because of global warming?" Well, yes. And anybody who just can't accept these kinds of seemingly paradoxical conditions needs to reflect on the expression "freezer burn."
（1）By mentioning Lewis Black's words in Paragraph 1, the author intends to .
A. indicate how unusual the winter's weather was
B. suggest the north isn't a suitable place to live
C. remind people never to forget the past winter
D. urge people to take action against the emergency
（2）What led to the sudden increase in the Chicago temperature on February 4?
A. The cold Arctic air.
B. Trump's sincere tweet.
C. Warm air from the real South.
D. Disruption of polar vortex.
（3）Why does the author use the expression "freezer burn"?
A. To show readers his concerns about the extreme weather.
B. To prove global warming to be the cause of the extreme weather.
C. To cast doubt about scientists' study on the paradoxical conditions.
D. To express his disapproval of the result of the paradoxical conditions.
【答案】（1）A
（2）C
（3）B
【解析】【分析】本文主要报道了在北半球这个时候像纽约、芝加哥等城市冬天不仅没走,反而出现了极不寻常的寒冷天气。

文中分析了其原因。

（1）推理判断题。

根据第一段Lewis Black的话的意思是：那不是天气。

这是紧急情况。

然后根据上文的描述"the low temperature dropped to -17°C. In Chicago, it was also -17°C—but that was the high. The low jumped to -29°C. And the wind chill within the Windy City was -44℃or -46℃"可知天气情况极其恶劣。

因此这句话是突出了天气的极其异常。

故答案为A。

（2）细节理解题。

根据第三段"But less than a week later, thanks to some warm air coming up from real south, I was walking outside without a coat on a date when the temperature in Chicago"因此真正的原因是南方传来的暖气。

文中"And being the most powerful man on Earth, he was successful in his polite request."只是玩笑,不能作为真正的答案。

故答案为C。

（3）推理判断题。

根据第五段原文，文中这个词出现在"Well, yes. And anybody who just can't accept these kinds of seemingly paradoxical conditions needs to reflect on the expression "freezer burn."因此这个词的目的是反击那些"Climate change deniers"所以作者是支持global warming的，是为了证明全球变暖是极端天气的原因。

故答案为B。

【点评】考查阅读理解。

本文涉及了细节理解题和推理判断题两种常考题型。

细节理解题查找原文关键词，推理判断题根据上下文的理解进行合理的推理，不主观臆断。

8．阅读理解
Ronald Reagan ever said, "It's true hard work never killed anybody, but I figure, why take the chance?" To some extent, extra effort seems to be self-defeating. Studies suggest that, after 50 hours a week, employee productivity falls sharply.
But that doesn't stop some managers from demanding that workers stay chained to their desk for long periods. Jack Ma, the founder of Alibaba, recently praised the "996" model, where employees work from 9 a.m. to 9 p.m., 6 days a week, as a "huge blessing". Apparently, presenteeism (出勤主义) is the curse of the modern office worker.
There will be days when you do not have much to do: perhaps because you are waiting for someone else in a different department, or a different company, to respond to a request. As the clock ticks past 5 pm, there may be no purpose in staying at your desk. But you can see your boss hard at work and, more importantly, they can see you. So you make an effort to look busy.
Some of this may be a self-continuing cycle. If bosses do not like to go home before their employees, and employees fear leaving before their bosses, everyone is trapped. Staff may feel that they will not get a pay rise, or a promotion, if they are not seen to be putting in maximum effort. This is easily confused with long hours. Managers, who are often no good at judging employees' performance, use time in the office as a measure. The consequence is often wasted effort. We pretend to work and managers pretend to believe us. Rather than work hard, you try to make bosses think that you are. Leaving a jacket on your office chair, walking around purposefully with a notebook and sending out emails at odd hours are three of the best-known tricks. After a while this can result in collective self-delusion that this pretence is actual work.
But presenteeism has more serious consequences. It is perhaps most common in Japan, where people attend the office even when they are in discomfort. In doing so, they are doing neither themselves nor their employers any favours. As well as reducing productivity, this can increase medical expenses for the employer. According to a study in the Journal of Occupation and Environmental Medicine, these costs can be six times higher for employers than the costs of absenteeism among workers. Those workers were more likely to experience greater pain and to suffer from depression.
In the evolution of humanity, presenteeism is a recent phenomenon. In the industrial era, workers were paid not for their output but for their time, and were required to clock in and out. But modern machinery like smartphones and laptops is portable. Turning an office into a prison, with prisoners allowed home for the evenings, does nothing for the creativity that is increasingly demanded of office workers as routine tasks are automated. To be productive you need presence of mind, not being present in the flesh.
（1）What can we learn from Paragraph2and Paragraph 3?
A. Employees often have to work extra hours.
B. Extra effort improves employees' productivity.
C. "996" model is well received around the world.
D. Both bosses and employees are devoted to their jobs.
（2）What does the underlined "This" in Paragraph 4 refer to?
A. Hoping to get a pay rise.
B. Going home after the boss.
C. Putting in maximum effort.
D. Judging employees' performance.
（3）Which of the following is one the results of long-time presenteeism?
A. Reducing medical costs of employees.
B. Making employees more hard-working.
C. Increasing the competition among employees.
D. Worsening employees' physical and mental condition.
（4）What does the author want to tell us in the last paragraph?
A. Employees should be treated as prisoners.
B. Productivity can't be measured by presenteeism now.
C. Office tasks usually can't be carried out automatically.
D. Office workers should be allowed to be absent-minded.
【答案】（1）A
（2）C
（3）D
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文作者主要针对员工加班问题提出看法：长时间的加班不仅工作效率低下，还造成身体不适，想要提高效率，必须是身心俱在的状态，不能只是形式上的出勤主义。

（1）推理判断题。

根据文章2、3段，第二段讲的是马云赞成996工作制，第三段讲的是你努力让自己看上去很忙。

"As the clock ticks past 5 pm, there may be no purpose in staying at your desk. But you can see your boss hard at work and, more importantly, they can see you. So you make an effort to look busy." 这说明员工往往要加班。

故答案为A。

（2）词义猜测题。

对this所在段落进行三句读。

"Staff may feel that they will not get a pay rise, or a promotion, if they are not seen to be putting inmaximum effort. This is easily confused with long hours. Managers, who are often no good at judging employees' performance, use time in the office as a measure."（员工可能会觉得，如果他们没有尽最大努力工作，就不会得到加薪或升职。

这很容易与长时间工作混淆。

经理们通常不善于判断员工的表现，他们把在办公室的时间作为衡量标准。

）因此this指的是"putting in maximum effort"。

故答案为C。

（3）细节理解题。

根据倒数第二段我们可知后果是：人们即使在不舒服的时候也会去上班，会降低生产率，还会增加雇主的医疗费用。

这些工人更容易遭受更大的痛苦和抑郁。

故答案为D。

（4）推理判断题。

根据最后一段原文可知In the evolution of humanity, presenteeism is a recent phenomenon.而这种现象是低效的。

To be productive you need presence of mind being present in the flesh.如果希望高效，那就需要身心俱在，而不是单纯的presenteeism。

故答案为B。

【点评】考查阅读理解。

本文涉及细节理解题、推理判断题和词义猜测题三种常考题型。

细节理解题回归原文找对应词，推理判断题结合上下文合理推断，词义猜测题，尤其是代词，可向前搜寻，找最近的名词验证。

9．阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

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British Library (United Kingdom, London)
The British Library was created by Act of Parliament in 1972; previously, the library had been part of the British Museum, where the famous circular reading room had accommodated researchers including Karl Marx, who worked on 'Das Kapital' there, as well as Oscar Wide and Mahatma Gandhi. The British Library is now housed in a new building in St. Pancras, London, where its treasures include two Gutenberg bibles, the Lindisfarne Gospels and one of Leonardo da Vmci's notebooks.。