专题07 定语从句(二)-2020年高考英语语法考点讲解与真题分析(解析版)

2020年高考语法考点讲解与真题分析
07定语从句（二）
考点二“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句
“介词+关系代词”在从句中作定语或状语。

能用于这一结构的关系代词只有whom, which, whose三个，whom, which作宾语，whose作定语。

这一结构的中介词由两个方面来确定：与先行词的搭配；与从句谓语动词的搭配。

1. We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of ________ it used to charge. （2017江苏）
A. that
B. which
C. what
D. how
【答案】B
【解析】这里是“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，排除C、D；“介词+关系代词”中，关系代词不能用that，故选B。

2. In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of __________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation. （2017江苏）
A. which
B. its
C. whose
D. whom
【答案】C
【解析】这里是“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系词在从句中作定语，修饰purpose，故用关系代词whose。

3. Many young people, most _________ were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. （2016江苏）
A. of which
B. of them
C. of whom
D. of those
【答案】C
【解析】这里是“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，排除B、D；关系代词指代people，故用关系代词whom。

4. Creating an atmosphere ______ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge. (2015浙江)
A. as
B. whose
C. in which
D. at which
【答案】C
【解析】这是一个含有定语从句的复合句，关系词在从句中作状语，只能用“介词+关系代词”，先行词是atmosphere，表示“在……氛围中”，应用介词in。

5. Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon ______ school education depends.
(2015安徽)
A. it
B. that
C. whose
D. which
【答案】D
【解析】这里是“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代词指作宾语，故用which。

注意：
which引导定语从句在从句中一般不作定语，但在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，which可替代指示代词作定语。

例如：
He may win the competition, _________he is likely to get into the national team. (2013辽宁)
A. in which case
B. in that case
C. in what case
D. in whose case
【答案】A
【解析】这里是“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代词指替代指示代词that在从句中作定语。

定语从句写成一个完整的句子是：In that case, he is likely to get into the national team.
考点三关系代词as引导定语从句
关系代词as可以引导限制性或非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语，宾语或表语。

as 常用来引导非限制性定语从句，as指代整个主句，表示“正如”；as引导限制性定语从句只有两种情况，一是先行词前有such修饰，二是先行词前有the same修饰。

1. The number of smokers, _____ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
(2015江苏)
A. it
B. which
C. what
D. as
【答案】D
【解析】解析：这是一个含有一个非限制性定语从句的复合句，关系词在从句中作主语，且表示“正如”，故用as。

2. There is no simple answer, _____ is often the case in science. (2013山东)
A. as
B. that
C. when
D. where
【答案】A
【解析】这是一个含有一个非限制性定语从句的复合句，关系词指代整个主句在从句中作主语，故用as。

3.Ａlot of language learning, has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so
parents should talk much to their children during that period. (2012安徽)
A. as
B. it
C. which
D. this
【答案】A
【解析】这是一个含有一个非限制性定语从句的复合句，关系词在从句中作主语，且表示“正如”，故用as。

4. The air quality in the city, ______ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two
months. (2012福建)
A. that
B. it
C. as
D. what
【答案】C
【解析】这是一个含有一个非限制性定语从句的复合句，关系词在从句中作主语，且表示“正如”，故用as。

注意：as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
as与which都可引导非限制性定语从句，其区别可从两个方面来把握。

1. 位置上：which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句后，而as引导的非限制性定语从句的位置则比较灵活，可以放在主句前，也可以放在主句后，还可以把主句隔开。

2. 意义上：which指代具体的一件事，而as意思比较模糊，一般指一个概念，常译作“正如”。

例如：
As a poet once pointed out, life is but a dream. 正如一位诗人所说，人生如梦。

Tom failed in the exam, which made his parents angry. 汤姆考试没及格，这使他父母很生气。

提示：
as引导非限制性定语从句时常构成一些固定结构，主要有：
as is known to all 众所周知
as is often the case 情况常常如此
as may be imagined 可以想象得出
as often happens 这种情况常常发生
as has been said before 如前所述
as is hoped 正如所希望的
as is natural 很自然
as is supposed 正如所料
考点四定语从句中的主谓一致问题
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，便涉及到主谓一致的问题。

定语从句的谓语动词与其先行词在人称和数上要保持一致。

因此，准确辨识先行词是解决这一问题的关键。

1. The publication of Great Expectations, which _________ both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens, status as a leading novelist. （2017江苏）
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
【答案】D
【解析】which引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。

先行词是The publication of Great Expectations，是单数；叙述过去的事情，应用一般过去时，故选C。

2. The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _____ saved for other purposes. (2011安徽) A. is B. are C. was D. were
【答案】D
【解析】“the rest of+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数，这里which指代的是the raw materials，故用复数；再由主句是一般过去时，确定从句也用过去时，故选D。

3. Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only of the women who ______ evening dress.
(2010 全国)
A. wear
B. wears
C. has worn
D. have worn
【答案】B
【解析】先行词是the only (one) of the women，中心词是the only (one)，所以定语从句谓语动词用单数；这里指的是她现在的穿着情况，故用一般现在时。

当先行词是“one of the + 复数名词”时，中心词是复数名词，定语从句谓语动词用复数。

巩固练习：
1. The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs _________ they are being trained.
A. in that
B. for that
C. in which
D. for which
【答案】D
【解析】jobs后是一个由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，从句意思是“他们为工作
而正在进行的培训”，故介词应用for。

2. __________ I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting.
A. When
B. After
C. As
D. Since
【答案】C
【解析】as引导非限制性定语从句，as替代后面的整个主句，在从句中作宾语。

3. She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction _____ had taken more than three years.
A. for which
B. with which
C. of which
D. to which
【答案】C
【解析】这里是“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句。

由the construction of the museum（博物馆的建设）可知，介词应用of。

4. Wind power is an ancient source of energy ____ we may return in the near future.
A. on which
B. by which
C. to which
D. from which
【答案】C
【解析】这里是“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。

句意：风能是一种古老的能源，不久的将来我们很可能回过头来重新利用它。

“返回到……”应说return to，故选C。

5. The children, ______ had played the whole day long, were worn out.
A all of what
B all of which
C all of them
D all of whom
【答案】D
【解析】这里是“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词指人，故用whom。

6. __________ has been announced, we shall have our final exams next month.（2003上海春）
A. That
B. As
C. It
D. What
【答案】B
【解析】as引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如……”，符合句意。

7. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, __________ wanted to buy it.
A. none of them
B. both of them
C. none of whom
D. neither of whom 【答案】D
【解析】逗号后是一个非限制性定语从句，排除A、B; 根据two people可知，应用neither。

8. He was educated at the local high school, __________ he went on to Beijing University.
A. after which
B. after that
C. in which
D. in that
【答案】A
【解析】逗号后是一个由“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，根据句意“在当地高中毕业后”可知介词应用after。

9. I wish to thank Professor Smith, without _______ help I would never have got this far.
A. who
B. whose
C. whom
D. which
【答案】B
【解析】这里是“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，关系代词在从句中作help的定语，故用whose。

10. In our class there are 46 students, _____ half wear glasses.
A. in whom
B. in them
C. of whom
D. of them
【答案】C
【解析】这里是“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。

定语从句写成一个完整的句子是half of them wear glasses.故介词用of。