小学英语语法教案：代词

小学英语语法教案：代词
【知识点讲解】
代词
1. 定义：代词是代替名词的一种词类。

大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。

2. 分类：按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词等。

五、人称代词
1. 人称代词定义：表示“我，你，他，她，它，你们，他们”的词叫做人称代词。

人称代词分主格和宾格两类，有单、复数之分。

如：We are the best.
Please give us more time to finish it.
2. 人称代词形式：
1). 主格：做主语。

如：I, he, you You are good students.
2). 宾格：做宾语或表语。

如：me, him, you I love you.\ She is looking at you.
4). it 的用法
(1). 指前文提到过的事物。

This isn`t my book. It`s Dufu`s.
(2). 指代时间、季节、天气、距离。

Which season is it?
---It`s spring now.\ What`s the weather like today? ---It`s hot.
---How far is it? --- It`s 10 kilometers.
(3). 特殊句型It`s time to do sth.\ It`s good for sb. to do sth.\ It`s necessary to do sth.
六、物主代词
1. 物主代词的定义
表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。

物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。

形容词性物主代词用在名词前，不能单独使用。

名词性物主代词相当于一个名词，使用时后面不能再加名词。

如：This is my schoolbag.
That is his bike = That is his.
2. 物主代词的形式
3. 物主代词的用法：
1). 形容词性物主代词置于名词前，起修饰作用，表示“某人的”。

如：
---What’s your name? --- My name is Chris.
His shirt is blue.
I like her handbag.
This is an elephant. Its nose is very long.
Welcome to our school!
Their teacher is Mr. White.
2). 名词性物主代词起名词的作用，表示“某人的”，但是后面不能跟名词。

形容词性物主代词+名词=名词性物主代词。

如：
This is my book. = This is mine.
That is his bike. = That is his.
Those are our bags. = Those are ours.
Their house is better. = Theirs is better.
七、反身代词
1. 反身代词的定义
表示“我（们）自己”、“你（们）自己”、“他/她/它（们）自己”的代词称为反身代词。

在句中作宾语、同位语、表语等。

如：I’m not myself today. 我今天不大舒服。

(作表语)
I myself made a mistake. 我犯了一个错误。

(作I 同位语)
2. 反身代词的形式
含反身代词的常见搭配
1). by oneself 例：I clean the classroom all by myself.
2). enjoy oneself 例：The children are enjoying themselves.
3). help oneself (to) 例：Help yourself to some cakes.
4).teach oneself 例：I teach myself English.
八、指示代词
1. 指示代词的定义：
表示“那个”、“这个”、“这些”、“那些”等指示概念的代词。

指示代词有this，that，these，those等。

在句中可以作主语、宾语、主语补语、介词宾语等。

1). this/ these指下文要提到的事儿。

that/ those指前文提到的事儿。

如：What I want to say is this : Jim is very busy.
Li Lei had a bad cold yesterday. That`s the reason why he didn`t drink.
2). 用于介绍/电话用语中。

如：This is Tom speaking. Who`s that?
3). This /that 的指代词是it；these/those的指代词是they。

九、不定代词
1.不定代词的定义：不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。

2. 不定代词的用法
1). Some/ any
含义：“一些”，既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。

a. some一般用于陈肯句中；any用于疑问句或否定句中。

如：I can see some flowers, but I can`t see any apples.
b. some 用在疑问句中有表请求或建议的功能；any用在肯定句中有强调或加强语气的功能。

如：Would you like some coffee?
You may come at any time.
注意：many和much前可有so, too等词进行修饰，而a lot of 前不能用此修饰。

如：There are too many mistakes in your diary.
So many people are waiting for the bus.
Sorry, I’m afraid I can’t go with you. I’ve got too much work to do.
如：他有几个朋友。

He has few friends.他几乎没有朋友。

We still have a little time. 我们还有点时间。

There is little time left. 几乎没剩下什么时间了。

如：
I don’t like this green pencil, please give me another one.
In our class, some students like playing football, others like playing basketball.
There are seven people in Running Man. One is a woman, and the others are men.
例题1、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. ---Is this watch? (she)
---No, it isn’t . (she)
2. It’s easy work. We can do it all by . (we)
例题2、The bottle is empty. There is _________ in it.
A. anything
B. something
C. nothing
D. everything
例题3、Miss Li teaches________ math, and they like her very much.
A.theirs
B.them
C.they
D.their
例题4、Yesterday was Sandy’s ________ birthday. She enjoyed ________.
A.Twelve, her
B.twelfth, her
C.twelve, herself
D.twelfth, herself
例题5、It's time ______ breakfast.()
A.of
B.at
C.for
例题6、________ is stronger, Mr. Li or Mr. Wang? ()
A.Who
B.Whose
C.What
例题7、It's time to ________ games. We all like ________ games.
A.playing...playing
B.play...play
C.playing...play
D.play...playing
例题8、﹣Is this ________ uncle?
﹣Yes, he is．He is a football player．()
A.you
B.me
C.your
例题9、﹣Is this ________ English book?
﹣Yes, it's________．()
A.your; my
B.your; mine
C.yours; mine
例题10、We often help________ clean the windows．()
A.they
B.them
C.their
随练1、--- Who teaches _________ math?
--- I teach _________.
A. you; myself
B. your; myself
C. you; herself
随练2、---We have red and yellow T-shirts. Which color do you like?
--- I’m afraid _________. 1 think blue will be OK.
A. both
B. either
C. neither
D. none
随练3、--- Which of the two dictionaries do you like better?
--- _________ is Ok.
A. both
B. either
C. all
D. any
随练4、Show ________ your eraser．()
A.I
B.me
C.my
随练5、It's time________ get up．()
A.for
B.to
C.on
随练6、---May I have some socks. please?
---Can I give you ________ socks on the shelf?
---No. thank you. I’d like ________ socks there. They look comfortable.
A.that, this
B.this, that
C.those, these
D.these, those
随练7、Mary and I are good friends．We _______ like animals．()
A.all
B.every
C.both
随练8、---Do you have ________water?
---Yes, I have________.
A.many; some
B.some; any
C.any; any
D.any; some
随练9、The meal is very delicious. Help________.
A.you
B.your
C.yours
D.yourself
随练10、---Whose apple is it?
---It's________.
A.mine
B.its
C.itself
D.they
随练11、Do you have ________ salt? No, I don't have ________.
A.some…some
B.any…any
C.any…some
随练12、---Would you like ________ beef?
---Yes, please.
A.some
B.any
C.a
随练13、Are there _______ chairs in that living room? ( )
A.any
B.some
C.a
随练14、The man has ______ friends in this city, so he often stays at home.
A.a few
B.few
C.a little
D.little
随练15、The clothes are beautiful. Please _________.
A.try it on
B.try on them
C.try them on
随练16、I will buy _____ a new one．（）
A.your
B.him
C.yours
随练17、I have two friends．________ names are Sam and Amy．()
A.They
B.Them
C.Their
随练18、Can you watch a basketball game with________?()
A.I
B.me
C.my
随练19、________was at the swimming yesterday morning．()
A.They
B.He
C.We
随练20、Who gave ________ to you? It's Lily．()
A.it
B.its
C.it's
随练21、I can help________．()
A.you
B.your
C.his
随练22、Your hands are bigger than ________.
A.my
B.me
C.mine
随练23、My feet are bigger than ________.
A.you
B.your
C.yours
随练24、My schoolbag is red. ______ is blue.
A.His
B.He
C.Him
D.It
随练25、My schoolbag is red. ______is blue.
A.His
B.He
C.Him
D.It
随练26、Do you have _______ pen friends in China? ()
A.some
B.any
C.much
随练27、The girl has some balloons in her hand. One is red, _________ are yellow. A. others B. another
C. the others
D. the rest
随练28、__________ pen is red. ________ pencil is green.
A. This; those
B. These; Those
C. That; Those
D. This; That
随练29、9What are those?- ______.
A. Those are apple
B. It is apple
C. They are apple
D. They are apples
随练30、__________ two girls are Mary and Linda.
A. This
B. They
C. Those
D. That
随练31、This _________ the tree. These_______ the flowers.
A.is, are
B.are, are
C.are, is
随练32、( ) –John, ________is Li Ping.
--Hi! Nice to meet you.
A.He
B.This
C.That
随练33、— I like doing word puzzles and going hiking.
A.this
B.that
C.those
随练34、--What are ______? --They’re green beans.
A.this
B.that
C.these
随练35、________hobby is reading.()
A.He
B.She
C.His
随练36、照例完成下面的句子。

Eg: This is my pencil. It’s mine.
(1)This is your ruler. It’s _____.
(2)That is her schoolbag. It’s _____.
(3)These are their bottles. They are _____.
(4)Those are our dogs. They’re ______.
随练37、This is _________ leg.
A.I
B.you
C.my
随练38、This s Lily. It is _________ cat.
A.his
B.her
C.my
随练39、Point to _________ eyes.
A.he
B.her
C.she
随练40、This is _________ head.
A.his
B.he
C.you。