Unit 3 Gender Differences新编大学英语第二版第四册教案

合集下载

Unit-3-Gender-Difference新编大学英语第二版第四册课文翻译

Unit 3 Gender DifferenceGender Roles from a Cultural PerspectiveOver the past few decades, it has been proven innumerable times that the various types of behavior, emotions, and interests that constitute being masculine and feminine are patterned by both heredity and culture. In the process of growing up, each child learns hundreds of culturally patterned details of behavior that become incorporated into its gender identity. Some of this learning takes place directly. In other words, the child is told by others how to act in an appropriately feminine or masculine way. Other details of gender behavior are taught unconsciously, or indirectly, as the culture provides different images, aspirations, and adult models for girls and boys.Recently, for example, a study of American public schools showed that there is a cultural bias in education that favors boys over girls. According to the researchers, the bias is unintentional and unconscious, but it is there and it is influencing the lives of millions of schoolchildren every year. Doctors David and Myra Sadker videotaped classroom teachers in order to study gender-related bias in education. Their research showed that many teachers who thought they were nonsexist were amazed to see how biased they appeared on videotape. From nursery school to postgraduate courses, teachers were shown to call on males in class far more than on female students. This has a tremendous impact on the learning process for, in general, those students who become active classroom participants develop more positive attitudes and go on to higher achievement. As a matter of fact, in the late 1960s, when many of the best all-women's colleges in the northeastern United States opened their doors to male students, it was observed by professors and women students alike that the boys were "taking over" the classroom discussions and that active participation by women students had diminished noticeably. A similar subordination of female to male students has also been observed in law and medical school classrooms in recent years.3 Research done by the Sadkers showed that sometimes teachers unknowingly prevented girls from participating as actively as boys in class by assigning them different tasks in accordance with stereotyped gender roles. For instance, one teacher conducting a science class with nursery school youngsters, continually had the little boys perform the scientific "experiment" while the girls were given the task of putting the materials away. Since hands-on work with classroom materials is a very important aspect of early education, the girls were thus being deprived of a vital learning experience that would affect their entire lives.Another dimension of gender-biased education is the typical American teacher's assumption that boys will do better in the "hard", "masculine" subjects of math and science while girls are expected to have better verbal and reading skills. As an example of a self-fulfilling prophecy, American boys do, indeed, develop reading problems, while girls, who are superior to boys in math up to the age of nine, fall behind from then on. But these are cultural, not genetic patterns. In Germany, for example, all studies are considered "masculine", and it is girls who develop reading problems. And in Japan, where early education appears to be nonsexist, both girls and boys do equally well in reading.The different attitudes associated with the educational process for girls and boys begin at home. One study, for example, showed that when preschoolers were asked to look at a picture of a house and tell how far away from the house they were permitted to go, the boys indicated a much wider area than the girls, who generally pointed out a very limited area close to the home. Instead of being encouraged to develop intellectual curiosity and physical skills that are useful in dealing with the outside world, as boys are, girls are filled with fears of the world outside the home and with the desire to be approved of for their "goodness" and obedience to rules. These lessons carry over from the home to the classroom, where girls are generally observed to be more dependent on the teacher, more concerned with the form and neatness of their work than with its content, and more anxious about being "right" in their answers than in being intellectually independent, analytical, or original. Thus, through the educational process that occupies most of the child's waking hours, society reinforces its established values and turns out each gender in its traditional and expected mold.从文化角度看性别角色1 在过去的几十年里，已经无数次地证实了这样一个事实：构成男子阳刚之气和女子阴柔之气的各种不同类型的行为、情感、和兴趣都既是遗传又是文化熏陶的结果。

新编第二版新视野大学英语第四册unit3第三单元sectionA

Providing assistance to both individuals and local communities with state schooling and social insurance.

1# END
What kind of social welfare system does China need?
Current system not reducing poverty among the elderly
To improve the current social welfare system
Special Living Stipends for the Elderly
stipend n.薪金
Special Living Stipends for the Elderly The social welfare system should provide basic living stipends for the elderly. Since China is still not a rich country, the government can start with modest stipends for the elderly over the age of 80.
(Para.1)
Reference Words: lie; get; a little extra welfare money; caseworkers; know;
2) How has the author chosen to live as a welfare client? (Para.2)
Para.1-3
Para. 4-14
Para. 15-17

新编大学英语视听说教程第四册第三版 Unit 3 音频原文及答案

Unit 3 Gender DifferencesPart 1 listening oneThree guys are out having a relaxing day fishing. Out of the blue, they catch a mermaid who begs to be set free in return for granting each of them a wish.One of the guys just doesn't believe it, and says, "OK, if you can really grant wishes, then double my IQ." The mermaid says, "Done." Suddenly, the guy starts to recite Shakespeare flawlessly and then make an extremely insightful analysis of it. The second guy is so amazed that he says to the mermaid, "Hey, triple my IQ." The mermaid says, "Done." The guy begins pouring out all the mathematical solutions to problems that have puzzled scientists in all fields.The last guy is so impressed by the changes in his friends that he says to the mermaid, "Quintuple my IQ." The mermaid looks at him and says, "You know, I normally don't try to change people's minds when they make a wish, but I really wish you'd reconsider."The guy says, "No, I want you to increase my IQ five times, and if you don't do it, I won't set you free." "Please," says the mermaid, "you don't know what you're asking for. It'll change your entire view of the universe. Won't you ask for something else? A million dollars or anything?"But no matter what the mermaid says, the guy insists on having his IQ increased by five times its usual power. So the mermaid sighs and says, "Done." And he becomes a woman.Keys: 1. F 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. T2.1. set free in return2.2 recite extremely insightful analysis2.3 pouring out, puzzled, in all fields2.4 normally, change people’s minds, reconsider2.5 usual powerPart 1 listening two(Dr. Herring, author of a book on language and communication, is being interviewed by Bob White, a writer for an academic journal on communication.Bob White: Good morning, Dr. Herring! We both know that many communication specialists believe that gender bias exists in language, culture andsociety. Do you think this is really so?Dr. Herring: Yes, I certainly do. How we talk and listen can be strongly influenced by cultural expectations, and these begin during childhood. Childrenusually play together with other children of the same gender, and thisis where our conversational style is learned.Bob White: Can you give some specific examples?Dr. Herring: Certainly. We find that girls use language mainly to develop closeness or intimacy as a basis for friendship. Boys, on the contrary, uselanguage mainly to earn status in their group.Bob White: But, in communication through electronic devices like e-mail discussion groups, there should be no gender distinction if writers'names are not used in the messages.Dr. Herring: One might think so, but in fact, email writing style is more comparable with spoken language, so basic language styles are stillevident.Bob White: I thought e-mail messages were gender neutral!Dr. Herring: No. While theoretical gender equality exists for the Internet, in reality women are not given equal opportunity because of differentcommunication and language styles between the sexes.Bob White: How does that happen? Do you have any hard facts to back up this impression?Dr. Herring: Yes. I've done a research project using randomly selected e-mail messages from online discussion groups. I found that females uselanguage that is more collaborative and supportive such as "Thanksfor all your tips on...", "Good point." and "Hope this helps!". Mentend to use more aggressive or competitive language such as "Do youunderstand that?", "You should realize that...", "It is absurd tothink...".Bob White: How great are these gender differences?Dr. Herring: Males write messages using aggressive, competitive language more than twice as often as females did, while females use collaborativeand supportive language three times as often as males did. In thisstudy, it is clear that there is a gender difference in e-mail messagesjust as in other communication media.Bob White: So the "battle of the sexes" is still with us, even online. Questions:1. According to Dr. Herring, when is children’s conversational style learned?2. Which of the following is most similar to e-mail writing in style?3. Why is there still no equality on the Internet?4. What comparison did Dr. Herring make in her research?Keys: 1. C2. B3.A4. B2.1. language, culture, society, cultural expectations2.2 closeness, intimacy, earn status2.3 collaborative supportive, aggressive competitivePart 1 listening threeJohn: Cathy, do you think it's appropriate for females to continuously expect guys to behave in a standard gentlemanly fashion like opening car doors?Cathy: Well, I think it would be nice if men could do such things.John: My side of the theory is that we all have to admit that we are living in the world of change. Right? Sometimes the equation changes if the driver is a girl and the passenger is a guy who doesn't drive. So what happens? Should the girl open the door for the guy or should the guy open the door for the girl?Maybe we should just adopt an "open your own door" policy.Cathy: Yes, I agree, John. But...sometimes it's just a matter of courtesy. It doesn't matter who opens the door for whom. Maybe females just should not expect too much. Life isn't a fairy tale after all.John: That's absolutely true. Sometimes I feel that there isn't any difference in the roles both genders can perform. Of course I'm not saying that men can give birth. Rather what I meant was except for the physical and natural differences between both sexes, there isn't much difference between them.Cathy: But honestly, although I don't expect guys to open doors for me, or to pull outa chair for me, I am usually quite impressed if they do so, as many guys don'tdo it nowadays. If the guy was walking in front of me and went through thedoor first, I'd appreciate it if he could hold the door and not let it slam in myface.John: Well, if I'm the one walking in front, I will open the door and hold it for the people behind me, be it a girl or a boy. I actually had the door slam right in my face a number of times though, when the person walking closely in front of me didn't hold the heavy glass door and let it swing back in my face. Of course, I tried to hold the door, but it was too heavy and too late. But I think it was more embarrassing for him than me as everyone was looking at him, while I was rubbing my squashed nose.Cathy: So being a gentleman does not stop at opening doors. There are many other aspects I believe.Keys:1. T T F F T2. D A B A BPart 1 listening fourDo you know how you learned to be a woman? Do you know how you learned to be a man? What makes the difference in terms of gender and our roles in society? Even when our physical structures are revealed to be really similar, women and men "tend" to play different roles in society. In an article in the latest issue of Psychology Today, we find a study that reflects how parents of 15 girl babies and 15 boy babies differed in their descriptions of their babies. Despite the fact that objective data such as birth length, weight, irritability, etc. did not differ, when the parents were asked to describe their babies, they said that girl babies were softer, littler, more beautiful, prettier, cuter than boy babies. Based on these facts, we could conclude that parents'attitudes are influencing their children.Our parents and later our school, television and the Internet are showing us a whole set of expected behaviors that create our patterns. Thus, a simple cartoon can suggest to children how they are supposed to act. Male cartoon characters are not only more prominent than female characters, but they also portray a broader range of masculine traits. Male characters are powerful, strong, smart and aggressive.Of course roles have been changing over the past decades. Women are not necessarily expected to stay home raising their family and supporting their husbands. In the same way, men are no longer expected to be the only breadwinners like they used to be; now women and men share these responsibilities. But traditional roles still have a big influence.Keys:1. F F T T F2.1reflects descriptions2.2parents’ attitudes2.3suggest, act2.4raising their family, supporting their husbands2.5used to be, share these responsibilitiesPart 4 Further speaking and listeningListening 1"Equal" does not always mean "the same". Men and women are created equally but boys and girls are not born the same.You throw a little girl a ball, and it will hit her in the nose. You throw a little boy a ball, and he will try to catch it, then it will hit him in the nose.A baby girl will pick up a stick and look in wonder at what nature has made. A baby boy will pick up a stick and turn it into a gun.When girls play with Barbie dolls, they like to dress them up and play house with them. When boys play with Barbie dolls, they like to tear their hair off.Boys couldn't care less if their hair is untidy. But for girls, if their hair got cut a quarter-inch too short, they would rather lock themselves in their room for two weeks than be seen in public.Baby girls find mommy's makeup and almost instinctively start painting their face. Baby boys find mommy's makeup and almost instinctively start painting the walls.Boys grow their fingernails long because they're too lazy to cut them. Girls grow their fingernails long—not because they look nice—but because they can dig them into a boy's arm.Girls are attracted to boys, even at an early age. At an early age, boys are attracted to dirt.Most baby girls talk before boys do. Before boys talk, they learn how to make machine-gun noises.Girls turn into women. Boys turn into bigger boys.Keys: 1. 1 hit1.2 try to catch1.3 in wonder1.4 turn…into1.5 dress, play house1.6 tear…off1.7 care less1.8 lock, in public1.9 painting their face1.10 painting the walls1.11 lazy, cut1.12 dig…into1.13 boys1.14 dirt1.15 talk1.16 make machine-gun noisesListening 2In order to understand this story, you have to know the nursery rhyme Hickory Dickory Dock. In this nursery rhyme, the words in the title have no meaning. The rhyme goes like this:Hickory Dickory Dock,The mouse ran up the clock.The clock struck one,The mouse ran down!Hickory Dickory Dock.Here is the story:One day I took my seven-year-old son with me to buy an electric wall clock for the kitchen and found a whole counter full of them on sale at a discount store. I had trouble deciding which clock to buy. While I held one clock in my hand and looked at another, I asked my son which one he liked best. He said,“The one you’re holding with the mouse in it, Mom,”.Before I understood his words, a real, live mouse jumped out onto the counter and ran away. I screamed so loud everyone turned to see what was wrong. I was so embarrassed. I tried to make my way quietly out of the store but my delighted son recited Hickory Dickory Dock. What a naughty boy!Questions:1.Where did the story take place?2.Why did the mother ask her son which clock he liked better?3.Which clock did the boy like best?4.Why did the mother feel embossed?5.Why did he boy recite Hickory Dickory Dock?Keys:1. B2. D3. A4. C5. DListening 3Men, it is said, are generally more aggressive than women and enjoy taking risks. They play fighting games and enjoy "dares". More men than women are convicted for crimes, especially crimes of violence.Some say that this is simply a matter of biology; others suggest that it is a function of the way we organize the sex and gender roles in our society. In fact, many of the findings, in this area, have turned out to be unsatisfactory, and often there turns out to be very small differences with a large degree of overlap.Biologically, men certainly seem to be the weaker sex. On average, men experience heart attacks 10 years earlier than women, but have a better rate of survival if they survive the first year after an attack. Symptoms also vary by sex: Women experience shortness of breath, fatigue, and chest pain; most male heart attacks come on as a sudden, striking pain in the chest. In adulthood, men are more likely to be infected with viruses and have a shorter average lifespan.In recent years, a great many biological sex differences have been found throughout the body, including the brain. However, regardless of the findings that sex differences really do exist after all and despite the pressure to deny them, socially, we still expect women to behave like women and men like men.Keys:1) aggressive 2) taking risks 3) crimes 4) biology 5) function 6) roles7) unsatisfactory 8) weaker 9) heart attacks 10) rate of survival 11) vary 12) be infected with 13) average lifespan 14) do exist 15) deny16) behaveListening 4It is my belief that gender stereotypes are very real gender characteristics that are exaggerated to the extreme ends with no gray areas. So in truth a woman is "weak" physically only because a man is in reality "stronger". A woman is "submissive" only because a man in reality is more "aggressive". A woman is "emotional" only because a man is "less emotional". All these are observed facts.Are there ways to avoid the stereotyping? This is hard to do. We as males and females love to exaggerate our differences. It seems we love to do this in many ways. We love to exaggerate gender traits as if to say "Look how female I am" or "Look how male I am". Do we go so far as to actually create differences that do not exist? Not from what I see. I think we like to exaggerate our differences because the more male we feel or the more female we feel, the more attractive we feel.So all in all I believe stereotypes are true differences that are exaggerated. I don't think stereotypes should be avoided because they are real. I do think that we should not attribute extremes of a trait to a gender as a whole, and most certainly not limit someone's potential abilities based on a stereotype. Stereotypes should apply in general but not to an individual. They should serve to help make judgment but not asan absolute.Keys:1.T F F F T T2.1 physically, in reality, aggressive 2.2 avoid, differences, attractive 2.3 extremes, potential abilities。

Unit-3-Gender-Difference新编大学英语第二版第四册课文翻译

新编大学英语第二版第四册课后习题答案

Unit1vocabulary2. 1) a sense of responsibility 2) a sense of safety/security 3) a sense of inferiori ty4) a sense of superiority 5) a sense of rhythm 6 ) a sense of justice 7) a sense of shame 8) a sense of helplessness 9) a sense of direction 10) a sense of urgency3. 1) Lively behavior is normal 2) Fast cars appeal to 3) diverse arguments4) I asked my boss for clarification 5) sensitive to light 6) Mutual encourageme nt7) made fun of him 8) persists in his opinion/viewpoint 9) to be the focus/cent er of attention10) we buy our tickets in advance4. 1) certain/sure 2) involved 3) end 4) behavior 5) disciplining 6) agreed 7) in dividually 8) first 9) response 10) question 11) attempt 12) voice 13) directly 14) followed 15) troubleUnit2Step OneStep Two1) long-distance 2) upbeat 3) ever-ready 4) overdue 5) typewriter6) milestone 7) handwritten 8) uplifted 9) self-conscious 10) rag-eared 11) birthday 12) throughout 13) drawbacks 14) chairman 15) teenage3. 1) thrives 2) strategy 3) annual 4) deserve 5) spontaneous 6) sincer e7) investments 8) enterprise 9) follow up 10) characterized 11) ling ered12) acknowledged4. column 1) D 2) A 3) B 4) C tough 1) D 2) B 3) E 4) F 5) C 6) A6. 1) searched 2) clever 3) solution 4) wasted 5) tolerate 6) hidden 7) dumb8) subject 9) noise 10) extra 11) purchased 12) replaced 13) appreci ation14) hurried 15) warrant 16) strangeUnit31. Understanding the Organization of the Text1) Introduction (para 1)It has been proven repeatedly that the various types of behavior, emo tions, and interests that constitute being masculine and feminine are patt erned by both heredity and culture.2) There is a cultural bias in education that favors boys over girls. (para. 2-4)Supporting evidenceA. Teachers called on males in class far more than on female students. (para 2)i) Its consequence: This has a tremendous impact on the learning proces s.ii) The reason for this: Active classroom participants develop more positiv e attitudes and go on to higher achievement.iii) Two examples:a. In many of the former all-women’s colleges, the boys were taking ove r the class-room discussions and active participation by women students h ad diminished noticeably.b. A similar subordination of female to male students has also been obse rved in law and medical school classrooms in recent years.B. Teachers assigned boys and girls different tasks according to stereotyp ed gender roles. (para. 3)i) Its consequence: This prevented girls from participating as actively as boys in class.ii) An example: A teacher had the little boys perform the scientific experi ment while the girls were given the task of putting the materials away.C. Gender-biased education is also reflected in the typical American teach er’ assumption. (para 4)i) The assumption: Boys will do better in the hard, masculine subjects o f math and science while girls are expected to have better verbal and rea ding skills.ii) Three examples:a. American boys do develop reading problems, while girls, who are sup erior to boys in math up to the age of nine, fall behind from then on.b. In Germany, all studies are considered masculine and it is girls who d evelop reading problems.c. In Japan, where early education appears to be nonsexist, both girls a nd boys do equally well in reading.3) The educational bias begins at home. (para 5)A. Supporting evidence:i) Boy preschoolers were permitted to go away from home in a much w ider area than girl preschoolers.ii) Boys were encouraged to develop intellectual curiosity and physical sk ills, while girls are filled with fears of the world outside the home and wi th the desire to be approved of for their goodness and obedience to rules.B. The consequence when these lessons carry over from the home to the classroom: Girls are generally observed to be more dependent on the tea cher, more concerned with the form and neatness of their work than its c ontent, and more anxious about being right in their answers than in bein g intellectually independent, analytical, or original.C. Conclusion: Through the educational process that occupies most of the child’s waking hours, society reinforces its established values and turns o ut each sex in its traditional and expected mold.Vocabulary1. 1) genetic 2) assign 3) noticeably 4) approved 5) Bias 6) deprived7) constituted 8) participation 9) unintentional 10) postgraduate3. 1) C 2) D 3) A 4) E 5) B 6) C 7) F 8) Bunit4Reading Comprehension1. 1) Introduction(para 1)It is introduced in the article how teachers and parents can encoura gecreativity in children.2) An important strategy for parents and teachers to follow (para. 2-3)A. The strategy:To encourage children to spend time thinking and developing new id eas.B. The significance for adopting the strategy:If children can be taught to think creatively, they will be better able tofunction in tomorrow’s society.3) The definition of creativity (para. 4-5)A. Who successful students and adults are:Those who can find a number of ways to approach problems.B. What creative people can do:They can use what they have to produce original ideas that are good forsomething.4) A big problem in school (para. 6)The problem: Children can obtain and give back information, but can’t figureout ways to apply what they know in new situations.5) A new approach to teaching (para 7)A. The approach: Combining the basics with the activities where studen ts mustuse their imaginations.B. How to do so: By asking questions and meanwhile praising their ide as andnew thoughts.C. How to facilitate the process: To create an atmosphere in which the re is norisk in being creative-- a place where wild ideas are honored and val ued,never scorned or dismissed.6) Things parents can do at home to encourage creativity (para. 8-10)A. To involve children in decision making.B. To help children to understand the consequences of various decision s.C. To encourage them to talk out loud about things they are doing. Th e reasonfor doing so: Talking out loud improves language skills and thinking skills.D. To show a sense of humor. The reason for doing so: Children can s eecreativity in its purest form.E. To give children choices from their earliest age.Examples:a. When they are very young, let them choose between two food item s forlunch.b. B. When they grow older, let them decide how to use their time or spendtheir money.Vocabulary3. 1) dismiss 2) consequences 3) promoting 4) applies 5) vital 6) scor ned7) conventional 8) original4. 1) consciously 2) innovative 3) unconsciously 4) determined 5) Imagi nation6) aware 7) control 8) created 9) extension 10) technique 11) vulne rable12) unfolding 13) joyful 14) gain 15) ApplyUnit5新编大学英语第二版第四册第五课练习答案Understanding the organization of the text1) Introduction (para. 1)Athletes are chosen to be role models, and they can choose only to be good orbad ones.2) Athletes should be role models. (para. 2-5)The author’s arguments:A. Athletes should not refuse the responsibility of being a role model whil eaccepting all the glory and the money that comes with being a famous athlete.(para. 2)B. I try to be a positive role model, but that doesn’t mean I am perfect. (para. 3)C. Qualities of a positive role model: (para. 4)a. He influences people’s lives in a positive way.b. He gives of himself in time or money to help those who look up to him.c. He displays the values like honesty and determination.D. Athletes cannot take the place of parents, but can help reinforce what parentstry to teach their children. (para. 5)3) People sometimes expect so much that some athletes don’t want to be rolemodes. (para. 6-7)A. Sometimes people put athletes on a pedestal.Example: I have had parents in Utah put my picture on the wall beside JesusChrist. (para. 6)B. Constantly being watched by the public can be hard to tolerate at times.Example: 1: Negative publicity Michael Jordan received about gambling.2. Ever since I played on the Dream Team, I can’t go anywherewithout being the center of attention and I can’t even buy amotorcycle I really want. (para. 7)4) Conclusion (para 8-9)The good things about being a role model outweigh the bad.A. It’s a great feeling to think you are part of the reason that a id decid ed to tryto be good.B. But parents should remind their kids that there are no perfect human beings.C. Charles Barkley is a good role model.Vocabulary2. 1) is bound to 2) follow their lead 3) goes too far/is going too far4) take the place of 5) dropped out 6) have a fit 7) measure up to8) look up to 9) Let’s face it10) you name it3. 1) outgrown 2) outdo 3) outwitted 4) outweigh 5) outlived。

全新版大学英语第二版综合教程4课后答案unit3

.od uoy revetahw ni skcart nwo ruoy ekaM
13-82 saraP eerhT traP 72-7 saraP owT traP
.eeweivretni lufsseccus a gnieb no ecivda fo seceip ruoF
weivretni sih deliaf etaudarg egelloc deraperp-lli nA
saedI niaM
6-1 saraP
shpargaraP
enO traP
straP
noitazinagrO txeT
17 P n o .1 x E
.ecnereffid a .revirdbac kroY weN a )4 ekam ot yaw a dniF )4
.seod esle eno on nehw neve naretev manteiV eht dna nohtaraM kroY weN eht ,elim etunim-ruof eht )3 nadroJ leahciM )1
08-97P no egasU .iii
tibihxe )01( ylbaborp )9( ylsuoires )8( gniraperp )7(ecivda )6( secnerefer )5( selpmas )4( tnaveler )3(yriuqni )2(gnigaruocne )1( 18P no detaler-emeht .2 � pu wollof )21( ecnereffid a ekam )11( t n i opd n a t s e h t m o r f ) 0 1 ( kcarc a ekat )9( dnopseR )8( srentraP )7( erutcurts )6( rovaednE )5( d n ah e r o f eb ) 4 ( krowemoh ruoy enod )3( ti ees I sA)2( evitcepsorP )1( 08P no detaler-txet .1 �

新编大学英语视听说教程 4 script unit 3听力原文及答案

Unit 3 Gender DifferencesPart 1 listening oneThree guys are out having a relaxing day fishing. Out of the blue, they catch a mermaid who begs to be set free in return for granting each of them a wish.Now one of the guys just doesn't believe it, and says, "OK, if you can really grant wishes, then double my IQ." The mermaid says, "Done." Suddenly, the guy starts to recite flawless Shakespeare followed by a short pause and an extremely insightful analysis of it. The second guy is so amazed that he says to the mermaid, "Hey, triple my IQ." The mermaid says, "Done." The guy begins pouring out all the mathematical solutions to problems that have puzzled scientists in all fields.The last guy is so impressed by the changes in his friends that he says to the mermaid, "Quintuple my IQ." The mermaid looks at him and says, "You know, I normally don't try to change people's minds when they make a wish, but I really wish you'd reconsider."The guy says, "No, I want you to increase my IQ five times, and if you don't do it, I won't set you free." "Please," says the mermaid, "you don't know what you're asking... It'll change your entire view of the universe. Won't you ask for something else? A million dollars or anything?"But no matter what the mermaid says, the guy insists on having his IQ increased by five times its usual power. So the mermaid sighs and says, "Done." And he becomes a woman.Keys: 1. F 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. T2.1. set free in return 2.2 extremely insightful analysis2.3 pouring out, puzzled, in all fields2.4 normally, change people’s minds, reconsider 2.5 usual powerPart 1 listening two(Dr. Rosa Herring, author of a book on language and communication, is being interviewed by Bob White, a writer for an academic journal on communication.) Bob White: Good morning, Dr. Herring! We both know that many communication specialists believe that gender bias exists in language, culture andsociety. Do you think this is really so?Dr. Herring: Yes, I certainly do. How we talk and listen can be strongly influenced by cultural expectations, and these begin during childhood. Childrenusually play together with other children of the same gender, and thisis where our conversational style is learned.Bob White: Can you give some specific examples?Dr. Herring: Certainly. We find that girls use language mainly to develop closeness or intimacy as a basis for friendship. Boys, on the contrary, uselanguage mainly to earn status in their group.Bob White: But, in communication through electronic devices like e-mail discussion groups, there should be no gender distinction if writers'names are not used in the messages.Dr. Herring: One might think so, but in fact, email writing style is more comparable with spoken language, so basic language styles are stillevident.Bob White: I thought e-mail messages were gender neutral!Dr. Herring: No. While theoretical gender equality exists for the Internet, in reality women are not given equal opportunity because of differentcommunication and language styles between the sexes.Bob White: How does that happen? Do you have any hard facts to back up this impression?Dr. Herring: Yes. I've done a research project using randomly selected e-mail messages from online discussion groups. I found that females uselanguage that is more collaborative and supportive such as "Thanksfor all your tips on...", "Good point." and "Hope this helps!". Mentend to use more aggressive or competitive language such as "Do youunderstand that?", "You should realize that...", "It is absurd tothink...".Bob White: How great are these gender differences?Dr. Herring: Males write messages using aggressive, competitive language more than twice as often as females did, while females use collaborativeand supportive language three times as often as males did. In thisstudy, it is clear that there is a gender difference in e-mail messagesjust as in other communication media.Bob White: So the "battle of the sexes" is still with us, even online.Questions:1. According to Dr. Herring, when is children’s conversational style lear ned?2. Which of the following is most similar to e-mail writing in style?3. Why is there still no equality on the Internet?4. What comparison did Dr. Herring make in her speech?Keys: 1. C 2. B 3. A 4. B2.1. language, culture, society, cultural expectations2.2 closeness intimacy, earn status2.3 collaborative supportive, aggressive competitivePart 1 listening threeJohn: Cathy, do you think it's appropriate for females to continuously expect guys tobehave in a standard gentlemanly fashion like opening car doors?Cathy: Well, I think it would be nice if men could do such things.John: My side of the theory is that we all have to admit that we are living in the world of change. Right? Sometimes the equation changes if the driver is a girl and the passenger is a guy who doesn't drive. So what happens? Should the girl open the door for the guy or should the guy open the door for the girl?Maybe we should just adopt an "open your own door" policy.Cathy: Yes, I agree, John. But...sometimes it's just a matter of courtesy. It doesn't matter who opens the door for whom. Maybe females just should not expect too much. Life isn't a fairy tale after all.John: It's absolutely true. Sometimes I feel that there isn't any difference in the roles both genders can perform. Of course I'm not saying that men can give birth.Rather what I meant was except for the physical and natural differences between both sexes, there isn't much difference between them.Cathy: But honestly, although I don't expect guys to open doors for me, or to pull outa chair for me, I am usually quite impressed if they do so, as many guys don'tdo it nowadays. If the guy was walking in front of me and went through thedoor first, I'd appreciate it if he could hold the door and not let it slam in myface.John: Well, if I'm the one walking in front, I will open the door and hold it for the people behind me, be it a girl or a boy. I actually had the door slam right in my face a number of times though, when the person walking closely in front of me didn't hold the heavy glass door and let it swing back in my face. Of course, I tried to hold the door, but it was too heavy and too late. But I think it was more embarrassing for him than me as everyone was looking at him, while I was rubbing my squashed nose.Cathy: So being a gentleman does not stop at opening doors. There are many other aspects I believe.Keys:1. T T F F T 2. D A B A BPart 1 listening fourDo you know how you learned to be a woman? Do you know how you learned to be a man? What makes the difference in terms of gender and our roles in society? Even when our physical structures are revealed to be really similar, women and men "tend" to play different roles in society. In an article in the latest issue of Psychology Today, we find a study that reflects how parents of fifteen girl babies and fifteen boy babies differed in their descriptions of their babies. Despite the fact that objective data such as birth length, weight, irritability, etc. did not differ, when the parents were asked to describe their babies, they said that girl babies were softer, littler, more beautiful, prettier, cuter than boy babies. Based on these facts, we could conclude that parents' attitude is influencing their children.Our parents and later our school, television and the Internet are showing us a whole set of expected behaviors that create our patterns. Thus, a simple cartoon can suggestto children how they are supposed to act. Male cartoon characters are not only more prominent than female characters, but they also portray a broader range of masculine traits. Male characters are powerful, strong, smart and aggressive.Of course roles have been changing over the past decades. Nowadays, women are not necessarily expected to stay home raising their family and supporting their husbands. In the same way, men are no longer expected to be the only breadwinners like they used to be; now women and men share these responsibilities. But traditional roles still have a big influence.Keys:1. F F T T F2.1reflects descriptions 2.2 parents’ attitudes2.3suggest, act 2.4 raising their family, supporting their husbands2.5used to be, share these responsibilitiesPart 4 Listening 1"Equal" does not always mean "the same". Men and women are created equally but boys and girls are not born the same.You throw a little girl a ball, and it will hit her in the nose. You throw a little boy a ball, and he will try to catch it. Then it will hit him in the nose.A baby girl will pick up a stick and look in wonder at what nature has made. A baby boy will pick up a stick and turn it into a gun.When girls play with Barbie dolls, they like to dress them up and play house with them. When boys play with Barbie dolls, they like to tear their hair off.Boys couldn't care less if their hair is untidy. But for girls, if their hair got cut a quarter-inch too short, they would rather lock themselves in their room for two weeks than be seen in public.Baby girls find mommy's makeup and almost instinctively start painting their faces. Baby boys find mommy's makeup and almost instinctively start painting the walls.Boys grow their fingernails long because they're too lazy to cut them. Girls grow their fingernails long—not because they look nice—but because they can dig them into a boy's arm.Girls are attracted to boys, even at an early age. At an early age, boys are attracted to dirt.Most baby girls talk before boys do. Before boys talk, they learn how to make machine-gun noises.Girls turn into women. Boys turn into bigger boys.Keys: 1. 1 hit 1.2 try to catch 1.3 in wonder 1.4 turn…into1.5 dress, play hous e 1.6 tear…off 1.7 care less 1.8 lock, in public1.9 painting their face 1.10 painting the walls 1.11 lazy, cut 1.12 dig…into 1.13 boys 1.14 dirt 1.15 talk 1.16 make machine-gun noisesListening 2In order to understand this story, you have to know the nursery rhyme HickoryDickory Dock. In this nursery rhyme, the words in the title have no meaning. The rhyme goes like this:Hickory Dickory Dock,The mouse ran up the clock.The clock struck one,The mouse ran down!Hickory Dickory Dock.Here is the story:One day I took my seven-year-old son with me to shop for an electric wall clock for the kitchen and found a whole counter full of them on sale at a discount store. I had trouble deciding which clock to buy. While I held one clock in my hand and looked at another, I asked my son which one he liked better.“The one you’re holding with the mouse in it, Mom,” he said.Before I understood his words, a real, live mouse jumped out onto the counter and ran away. I screamed so loud everyone turned to see what was wrong. I was so embarrassed. I tried to make my way quietly out of the store. Everyone was looking at me. On the way out the door, my delighted son recited Hickory Dickory Dock. What a naughty boy!Questions:1.Where did the story take place?2.Why did the mother ask her son which clock he liked better?3.Which clock did the boy like best?4.Why did the mother feel embossed?5.Why did he boy recite Hickory Dickory Dock?Keys:1. B2. D3. A4. C5. DListening 3Men, it is said, are generally more aggressive than women and enjoy taking risks. They play fighting games and enjoy "dares". More men than women are convicted for crimes, especially crimes of violence.Some say that this is simply a matter of biology; others suggest that it is a function of the way we organize the sex and gender roles in our society. In fact, many of the findings, in this area, have turned out to be unsatisfactory, and often there turns out to be very small differences with a large degree of overlap.Biologically, men certainly seem to be the weaker sex. On average, men experience heart attacks 10 years earlier than women, but have a better rate of survival if they survive the first year after an attack. Symptoms also vary by sex: Women experience shortness of breath, fatigue, and chest pain; most male heart attacks come on as a sudden, striking pain in the chest. In adulthood, men are more likely to be infected with viruses and have a shorter average lifespan.In recent years, a great many biological sex differences have been found throughout the body, including the brain. However, regardless of the findings that sex differencesreally do exist after all and despite the pressure to deny them, socially, we still expect women to behave like women and men like men.Keys:1) aggressive 2) taking risks 3) crime 4) biology 5) function 6) roles7) unsatisfactory 8) weaker 9) heart attacks 10) rate of survival 11) vary 12) be infected with 13) average lifespan 14) do exist 15) deny16) behaveListening 4It is my belief that gender stereotypes are very real gender characteristics that are exaggerated to the extreme ends with no gray areas. So in truth a woman is "weak" physically only because a man is in reality "stronger". A woman is "submissive" only because a man in reality is more "aggressive". A woman is "emotional" only because a man is "less emotional". All these are observed facts.Are there ways to avoid the stereotyping? This is hard to do. We as males and females love to exaggerate our differences. It seems we love to do this in many ways. We love to exaggerate gender traits as if to say "Look how female I am" or "Look how male I am". Do we go so far as to actually create differences that do not exist? Not from what I see. I think we like to exaggerate our differences because the more male we feel or the more female we feel the more attractive we feel.So all in all I believe stereotypes are true differences that are exaggerated. I don't think stereotypes should be avoided because they are real. I do think that we should not place extremes of a trait to a gender as a whole and most certainly not limit someone's potential abilities based on a stereotype. Stereotypes should apply in general but not to an individual. They should serve to help make judgment but not as an absolute.Keys:1.T F F F T T2.1 physically, in reality, aggressive2.2 avoid, differences, attractive2.3 extremes, potential abilities。

全新版大学英语_第二版_综合教程4_Unit3_电子教案ppt课件

About the Author — B. Mackay
Warm-up Exercises
Before Reading
Global Reading Detailed Reading
After Reading
Unit 3 Job Interview Supplementary Reading
get him out of bed, telling him to get a job; every
breakfast she would throw the paper down in front of Detailed Reading
him, _p_o_in_t_i_n_g_o_u_t_ the jobs he could apply for. And when he got home at the end of the day without having
Before Reading
Global Reading Detailed Reading
After Reading
Unit 3 Job Interview Supplementary Reading
Listen to the Song
Detailed Reading
Unit 3 Job Interview
Before Reading
Global Reading Detailed Reading
After Reading
Unit 3 Job Interview Supplementary Reading
An English Song — Get a Job
Detailed Reading
Background Information

全新版大学英语(第二版)四册Unit3课后答案

Text AVocabularyI.1. rude 2. physically 3. structure 4. made a difference 5. blurted(out) 6. chuckling7. measurable 8. prospective 9. preparations 10. sparkled 11. took a crack at 12. partner II. 1. go after 2. look back at/on 3. be put up 4. stood for2. build in 6. follow up 7. be hooked up to 8. closed upIII. 1. Mary’s parents grilled her about where she had been all night.2. Before the appearance of her Fairy Godmother, it was beyond Cinderella’s wildest dreams that she could one day dance in the king’s palace.3. The translation of the popular novel has just been finished and a Chinese version will be in readers’ hands soon.4. As with anything else, it is important to do your homework before going on an interview.5. Jim’s car broke down last week and the repair cost was in the neighborhood of 150 dollars. IV. 1. applicants veteran the prospective2. From his standpoint has made every endeavor to go after3. as the saying goes to have a crack at barelyWords with Multiple Meanings1. behave2. keep3. clean4. get along5. perform/complete6. perform/complete7. study8. be enough9. be acceptableUsage1.There is so much to say and it is hard to know where to begin. OK, I will talk about myself first.2.Thank you very much, John, for your beautiful Christmas card. By the way, I have something here for you.3. The new computer language can be quite easily understood by anyone who can read the daily newspaper. Now, why is this an advantage?4. I’m going to work out the outline and will let you know how it goes. By the way, I will see you in February, as I plan to attend your seminar in Shanghai.5. OK, you got the job. Now, how to maximize your profits with as little effort as possible?6. Chris is back from Australia. Incidentally, those pictures you sent me are wonderful. Comprehensive ExercisesI. 1. prospective 2. As I see it 3. done your homework 4. beforehand5. endeavor6. structure7. partners8. Respond9. take a crack 10. from the standpoint 11. make a difference 12. follow upII. 1. encouraging 2. inquiry 3. relevant 4. samples 5. references6. advice7. preparing8. seriously9. probably 10. exhibitTranslationI.1. Despite the inadequate length of the airstrip in this emergency landing, the veteran pilot managed to stop the plane after taxiing for only a short while.2.Grilled by the reporters, the movie star eventually blurted out that she had undergone two plastic surgeries.3.We have the technology and our partner has the capital. Working together, we’ll have the future in our hands.4. If I had known beforehand that you would bring so many friends home, I would have made better preparations. You see, I have barely enough food and drinks for a snack.5. People gave generously upon learning that new school rooms with stronger structures were to be built in the earthquake-stricken area.II. Well begun, half done, as the saying goes. It is extremely important for a job applicant to do his homework while seeking employment. From my standpoint, whether or not one has done his homework clearly makes a difference in his chance of success.I have a friend who is earning somewhere in the neighborhood of 100,000 dollars a year in a large computer software company. He told me that from his own experience the decision makers who interview prospective employees like people who are well prepared. Those who make no endeavor to learn as much about his prospective employer as possible don’t have much of a chance of success.Text BComprehension Check1.b2. c3. a4. a5. a6. bLanguage PracticeI.g f a e h b c dII.intricate 2. came at 3. administration 4. benign 5. get in 6. scraps7. brand 8. carved 9. coiled 10. quivered 11. take on 12. put in a good word。

新编大学英语第四册_Unit_3_Gender_Differences_课件

Development (Para. 2-4)
There is a cultural bias in education that favors boys over girls. Teachers called on males in class far more than on female students. (Para.2) Teachers assigned boys and girls different tasks according to stereotyped gender roles. (Para.3) Gender-biased education is also reflected in the typical American teacher’s assumption that boys will do better in science subjects while girls tend to have better verbal and reading skills. (Para.4)
Ideal Wife and Ideal Husband
Directions: Work in pairs and discuss the following questions.
1) From your point of view, what are the characteristics of the ideal wife and the ideal husband? 2) Would the ideal wife and the ideal husband have been different in your parents’ generation and in your grandparents’ generation? If so, how? Possible characteristics of the ideal husband/wife: Ideal husband 1) tall, handsome and strong 2) capable of supporting a family Ideal wife 1) beautiful and healthy 2) warm-hearted

Unit 3 Gender Differences新编大学英语第二版第四册教案

Unit 3 Gender DifferencesUseful Information“Gender differences” is a term used to refer to both biological and social characteristics that distinguish men and women. The social characteristics include such things as differences in hair styles, clothing, family responsibilities, occupational roles, acceptable behavior and other culturally learned activities and traits. All of these differences are linked to the non-biological notions of masculinity and femininity which vary from one culture to another.Sexual or physical differences are determined at birth. Females have two similar sex-determining chromosomes (XX), while males have two dissimilar sex-determining chromosomes (XY). Both sexes have male and female hormones, but the average man has about ten times as much testosterone as the average woman. Most scientists agree that these biological differences affect, at least to some extent, physical behavior and development. In other words, in most cultures men are bigger, stronger and more aggressive than women. Obviously, physical activity and social roles accentuate these biological differences. Heavy labor builds muscles and the responsibility of providing for a family reinforces the natural aggression of men in any society. The child-raising activities of women, on the other hand, reinforce their gentle and nurturant behavior. However we do recognize that women are capable of highly muscled bodies, as is evident in some women athletes.Many of the traditional stereotypes associated with women were questioned by the feminist movement that began in the West in the early 1960s. This movement (also known as the women’s liberation movement) favored increased rights and activities for women throughout society. Feminists stressed that it was not primarily biology that determined women’s roles and status in society, but social prejudices. According to the feminists, women were usually socialized and educated differently from men because it was assumed that women were physically and intellectually inferior.The theories and analyses that came out of the women’s movement sparked innumerable studies on educational and employment practices. These studies revealed the sexist biases (prejudice or discrimination on the basis of sex) of teachers, employers, schools, universities, textbooks, laws, and other official documents. It was shown that the way girls are treated in the home and in school plays a major role in reinforcing stereotypes. It was demonstrated that if treated similarly, boys and girls have the same potential and can accomplish similar goals.Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, efforts were made to reduce sexist attitudes in educational systems and in the workplace. Girls were encouraged to study medicine, law, mathematics, engineering, etc. and to follow careers normally associated with men. Laws were passed prohibiting sexist discrimination in hiring practices in order to give women equal job opportunities.The impact of the feminist movement was felt even at the level of everyday language. Since the 1960s, the English language has evolved considerably in order to be more inclusive of women. New words have been invented and pronouns are used differently. Virtually every grammar book published since the late 1970s has a section on avoiding sexist language and sexist pronoun use. Various ways are now used to avoid inequality of the sexes, such as: 1) A person should insist that his/her rights be respected; 2) People should see that their employer treats all employees equally; 3) Everyone received their share of food; 4) The chairperson of the department insisted on nonsexist language in all publications.Despite social reforms and changing attitudes, there are still many unanswered questions regarding gender differences. Do women feel compelled to act more like men in order to overcome stereotypes? Can or should men and women ever be truly equal in any society?Part One PREPARATION1. How is it possible?STEP ONE1) when 2) control 3) crashes/smashes/runs/bumps 4) hospital5) doctor/surgeon 6) operateSTEP TWOYes. The doctor is the boy’s mother.2. Differences between Men and WomenSTEP ONEMEN WOMENsuffer more illnesses _______ √have a higher rate of colorblindness √_______have a larger brain √_______are more likely to have a heart attack √_______have more fears _______ √live longer _______ √like diamond shapes √ _______miss more work _______ √3. The Gender SurveyStep OneThe survey is open.Step TwoMost people think that women are more emotional and more compassionate than men. They are also viewed as better listeners and better able to do many things at once. Most of us believe women have better “people skills”.We all think that men have a more aggressive nature. They are also more willing to take risks than are women. All of the girls in our group believe that men are self-centered.Optional Activities for Teachers to Choose:4. Men or Women?relationship counselor. Work in pairs and decide whether you think the features below describe men or women. Write “M” for men and “W” for women._____ 1) They talk to exchange information._____ 2) They talk to express feelings._____ 3) They need to be alone sometimes. Every now and then, especially when under stress, they need to retreat to their "cave" and do not want to be disturbed._____ 4) They are goal-oriented problems solvers._____ 5) Naturally and cyclically, their moods go through highs and lows._____ 6) They tend to use dramatic expressions such as “you ALWAYS forget” or “you NEVER listen to me”.According to relationship counselor John Gray, the author of Men Are From Mars, Women Are From Venus , the answers are: 1) M 2) W 3) M 4) M 5) W 6) WFeminine Qualities vs. Masculine QualitiesDirections: Work in groups to write in each column as many words as you can that describe feminine or masculine qualities.Feminine QualitiesMasculine Qualities tender, weak, sensitive, shy, sympathetic, dependent, soft, gentle, caring, considerate,strong, brave, adventurous, independent, courageous, creative, bold, persistent,Part Two READING-CENTERED ACTIVITIESPre-ReadingSample:Generally speaking, boys do better in chemistry, math, geography and P.E. than girls while girls do better in art, language, music and history than boys.Passage ReadingWords, Phrases and Grammatical Points1. The word “develop” is used four times in the passage.“…those students who become active classroom participants develop more positive attitudes and go on to higher achievement.” (l. 20)“…American boys do, indeed, develop reading problems…” (l. 39)“…and it is girls who develop reading problems.” (l. 43)“ Instead of being encouraged to develop intellectual curiosity and physical skills that are useful in dealing with the outside world…” (l. 50)More examples:She later developed a taste for expensive nightclubs.Their friendship developed through their shared interest in the arts.She’s developed some strange habits since she started living on her own.2.…it was observed by professors and women students alike that the boys were “taking over” the classroom discussions and that active participation by women students had diminished noticeably. (l. 23)You use “alike” after mentioning two or more people, groups, or things in order to emphasize that you are referring to both or all of them.Friends and family alike were shocked by the news of her suicide.It caused confusion among allies and adversaries alike.3. These lessons carry over from the home to the classroom… (l. 53)The phrase “carry over” means “to continue to exist or apply in a new situation”.His rational outlook on science carried over to child rearing.c. In Japan, where early education appears to be nonsexist, both girls and boys do equally well in reading.3) The educational bias begins at home. (Para. 5)A. Supporting evidence:i) Boy preschoolers were permitted to go away from home in a much wider area than girlpreschoolers.ii) Boys were encouraged to develop intellectual curiosity and physical skills, while girls arefilled with fears of the world outside the home and with the desire to be approved of fortheir “goodness” and obedience to rules.B. The consequence when these lessons carry over from the home to the classroom:Girls are generally observed to be more dependent on the teacher, more concerned with theform and neatness of their work than its content, and more anxious about being “right” in their answers than in being intellectually independent, analytical, or original.C. Conclusion: Through the educatio nal process that occupies most of the child’s waking hours,society reinforces its established values and turns out each sex in its traditional and expected mold.2. Understanding Specific Information1) C 2) B 3) D 4) B 5) C 6) D3. Questions for Group DiscussionSamples:1) —Yes, I think so. As far as I know, most boy students in China do better in math and science. It is fully demonstrated by the number of boy students who have won prizes in the Olympic Science Contests and by the ratio of boy students to girl students in science departments in colleges and universities.—I don’t think I can answer the question by a simple “yes” or “no”.With more girls receiving higher education and going to graduate school, it won’t be difficult to find girls who are really good in math and science courses. As we can see in our university, there are quite a few female math professors and also female professors specialized in science and engineering. Besides, many boys are found to have developed excellent l anguage and reading skills. However it’s true that science and engineering departments have more boy students while departments of humanities have more girls. Anyway if we look at and compare the current numbers of boys and girls in these departments with the numbers in the past, we can find the trend is changing.2) Chinese culture also has stereotyped gender roles. Boys and girls are taught and expected to behave differently from each other both at home and at school. If they don’tfit into the traditional gender mold, girls are said to be like boys and boys like girls. The following are the ways that culture or education affects gender roles.—Boys and girls are provided with different kinds of toys to play with: dolls and pretty things are for girls while toy cars and guns are for boys.—Boys are expected to play outdoors and girls, in most cases, indoors.—Girls are expected to be clean and neat, and well dressed and boys should be strong and tough, and can deal with difficulties.—Males, especially in the country, are expected to be better educated than females and they should be more career-oriented to support the family and females are expected to support their husbands. There’s an old saying “having no skills and intelligence is a good virtue of women”.—Women are expected to be quiet and shy while men are expected to be powerful and more aggressive.—Women are expected to take good care of their children and do most of the housework while men are expected to be successful in their careers.—Women are expected to go home immediately after work while men may get back late in the evening after having dinner with their friends or colleagues.Vocabulary1) genetic 2) assign 3) noticeably 4) approved 5) Bias6) deprived 7) constituted 8) participation 9) unintentional 10) postgraduate2. conscious – unconscious positive – negativeencourage – discourage superior – inferiordirectly – indirectly biased – fairsexist –nonsexist limited – unlimiteddependent – independent appropriately – inappropriately3. 1) C 2) D 3) A 4) E 5) B 6) C 7) F 8) B4. 1) turn out 2) carry over 3) calling on 4) put away 5) fallen behind 6) take overPart Three FURTHER DEVELOPMENTEnriching Your Word Power1) B 2) C 3) B 4) A 5) C 6) B 7) B 8) B 9) C 10) B 11) C 12) A2. Interpreting OpinionsSTEP ONE1) How does Tennyson see the roles of men and women?7. Characteristics of Men or Women at WorkDirections: Below are various characteristics of men or women at work identified by a British consultancy which runs courses on women and men at work. Work in pairs to decide whether you think the features below describe men or women at work (choose M or W in the column on the right).Characteristics Identified at Work M/W1) Their body language tends to be challenging. They often sit withlegs splayed apart, giving the impression of being in control.2) Their body language inclines towards self-protection. They may alsoappear rather shy and inhibited sitting with their legs crossed.3) They avoid overtly aggressive gestures and are likely to back downin a shouting match, both through inclination and the fact that theircomments are likely to be drowned out.4) In a lively and noisy discussion, they often have problems makingtheir voice heard. If they do compete, they are often judged to beshrill and hysterical. They are often ignored through having a lessinsistent presence.5) When they make a point, they often make it with an air of finality(suggesting that there is nothing left to be discussed).6) They welcome and indeed invite contributions when presenting anidea to colleagues.7) When tackling problems they go for the heart of the problem,stripping away secondary considerations.8) When tackling problems they favour assembling a range of options.9) They tend to communicate their own achievements regularly.10) They are likely to share, or pass on, the credit for a success.11) Personal status is important.12) They favour a competitive, direct and confrontational approach tobusiness.(Adapted from Linguarama Language Training for Business)The correct answers are:M 2) W 3) W 4) W 5) M 6) W 7) M 8) W 9) M 10) W 11) M 12) M8. Talking about Chinese Teachers’ PetsDirections: Work in groups to discuss the following question.Do you think Chinese teachers favor boys over girls? Support your answer by giving examples based on your own experience in primary school, middle school and college.Samples:1) It depends on the level of the school (primary school, middle school, or college). In primary school, girls are favored because they are not as naughty as boys, and they are neat and obedient. In middle school, boys are favored because they are not as naughty as they were in primary school, and teachers don’t mind calling on them because they are not shy. In college, teachers don’t have close contact with students, so they don’t favor anyone.2) It depends on the gender of the teacher. Male teachers prefer girls and female teachers prefer boys.3) It depends on the achievements of the students. Teachers don’t favor either boys or girls. They favor the best students.Part Four WRITING AND TRANSLATION1．Translation Practice教室是男生的天下；即使在他们人数并不占多数时，他们仍占据老师三分之二的注意力。

新编大学英语视听说教程4scriptunit3听力原文及答案

Unit 3 Gender DifferencesPart 1 listening oneThree Three guys guys guys are are are out out out having having having a a a relaxing relaxing relaxing day day day fishing. fishing. fishing. Out Out Out of of of the the the blue, blue, blue, they they they catch catch catch a a mermaid who begs to be set free in return for granting each of them a wish. Now one of the guys just doesn't believe it, and says, "OK, if you can really grant wishes, then double my IQ." The mermaid says, "Done." Suddenly, the guy starts to recite recite flawless flawless flawless Shakespeare Shakespeare Shakespeare followed followed followed by by by a a a short short short pause pause pause and and and an an an extremely extremely extremely insightful insightful analysis of it. The second guy is so amazed that he says to the mermaid, "Hey, triple my IQ." The mermaid says, "Done." The guy begins pouring out all the mathematical solutions to problems that have puzzled scientists in all fields. The last last guy guy guy is is is so so so impressed impressed impressed by by by the the the changes changes changes in in in his his his friends friends friends that that that he he he says says says to to to the the mermaid, mermaid, "Quintuple "Quintuple "Quintuple my my my IQ." IQ." IQ." The The The mermaid mermaid mermaid looks looks looks at at at him him him and and and says, says, says, "You "You "You know, know, know, I I normally don't try to change people's minds when they make a wish, but I really wish you'd reconsider." The guy says, "No, I want you to increase my IQ five times, and if you don't do it, I won't set you free." "Please," says the mermaid, "you don't know what you're asking... It'll It'll change change change your your your entire entire entire view view view of of of the the the universe. universe. universe. Won't Won't Won't you you you ask ask ask for for for something something something else? else? else? A A million dollars or anything?" But no matter what the mermaid says, the guy insists on having his IQ increased by by five five five times times times its its its usual usual usual power. power. power. So So So the the the mermaid mermaid mermaid sighs sighs sighs and and and says, says, says, "Done." "Done." "Done." And And And he he becomes a woman. Keys: 1. F 2. F 3. F 4. T 5. T2.1. set free in return 2.2 extremely insightful analysis2.3 pouring out, puzzled, in all fields2.4 normally, change people’s minds, reconsider 2.5 usual powerPart 1 listening two(Dr. Rosa Herring, author of a book on language and communication, is beinginterviewed by Bob White, a writer for an academic journal on communication.) Bob White: Good morning, Dr. Herring! We both know that many communication specialists specialists believe believe believe that that that gender gender gender bias bias bias exists exists exists in in in language, language, language, culture culture culture and and society. Do you think this is really so? Dr. Herring:Y es, I certainly do. How we talk and listen can be strongly influenced Yes, I certainly do. How we talk and listen can be strongly influenced by cultural expectations, and these begin during childhood. Children usually play together with other children of the same gender, and this is where our conversational style is learned. Bob White: Can you give some specific examples? Dr. Herring:Certainly. We find that girls use language mainly to develop closeness or or intimacy intimacy intimacy as as as a a a basis basis basis for for for friendship. friendship. friendship. Boys, Boys, Boys, on on on the the the contrary, contrary, contrary, use use language mainly to earn status in their group. Bob White:But, in communication through electronic devices like e-mail discussion discussion groups, groups, groups, there there there should should should be be be no no no gender gender gender distinction distinction distinction if if if writers' writers' names are not used in the messages. Dr. Herring:One might think so, but in fact, email writing style is more comparable comparable with with with spoken spoken spoken language, language, language, so so so basic basic basic language language language styles styles styles are are are still still evident. Bob White:I thought e-mail messages were gender neutral! Dr. Herring: No. While theoretical gender equality exists for the Internet, in reality women are not given equal opportunity because of different communication and language styles between the sexes. Bob White:How does that happen? Do you have any hard facts t o to to back up this back up this impression? Dr. Herring: Yes. I've I've done done done a a a research research research project project project using using using randomly randomly randomly selected selected selected e-mail e-mail messages messages from from from online online online discussion discussion discussion groups. groups. groups. I I I found found found that that that females females females use use language language that that that is is is more more more collaborative collaborative collaborative and and and supportive supportive supportive such such such as as as "Thanks "Thanks for for all all all your your your tips tips tips on...", on...", on...", "Good "Good "Good point." point." point." and and and "Hope "Hope "Hope this this this helps!". helps!". helps!". Men Men tend to use more aggressive or competitive language such as "Do you understand that?", "You should realize that...", "It is absurd to think...". Bob White:How great are these gender differences? Dr. Herring: Males Males write write messages messages messages using using using aggressive, aggressive, aggressive, competitive competitive competitive language language language more more than than twice twice twice as as as often often often as as as females females females did, did, did, while while while females females females use use use collaborative collaborative and and supportive supportive supportive language language language three three three times times times as as as often often often as as as males males males did. did. did. In In In this this study, it is clear that there is a gender difference in e-mail messages just as in other communication media. Bob White:So the "battle of the sexes" is still with us, even online. Questions:1. According to Dr. Herring, when is children’s conversational style lear ned? 2. Which of the following is most similar to e-mail writing in style? 3. Why is there still no equality on the Internet? 4. What comparison did Dr. Herring make in her speech? Keys: 1. C 2. B 3. A 4. B2.1. language, culture, society, cultural expectations 2.2 closeness intimacy, earn status2.3 collaborative supportive, aggressive competitivePart 1 listening threeJohn: John: Cathy, do you think it's appropriate for females to continuously expect guys to Cathy, do you think it's appropriate for females to continuously expect guys to behave in a standard gentlemanly fashion like opening car doors? Cathy: Cathy: Well, I think it would be nice if men could do such things. Well, I think it would be nice if men could do such things. John: John: My My side side of of of the the the theory theory theory is is is that that that we we we all all all have have have to to to admit admit admit that that that we we we are are are living living living in in in the the world of change. Right? Sometimes the equation changes if the driver is a girl and the passenger is a guy who doesn't drive. So what h appens? Should the happens? Should the girl open the door for the guy or should the guy open the door for the girl? Maybe we should just adopt an "open your own door" policy. Cathy: Cathy: Yes, Yes, I I agree, agree, agree, John. John. John. But...sometimes But...sometimes But...sometimes it's it's it's just just just a a a matter matter matter of of of courtesy. courtesy. courtesy. It It It doesn't doesn't matter who opens the door for whom. Maybe females just should not expect too much. Life isn't a fairy tale after all. John: It's absolutely true. Sometimes I feel that there isn't any difference in the roles both genders can perform. Of course I'm not saying that men can give birth. Rather Rather what what what I I I meant meant meant was was was except except except for for for the the the physical physical physical and and and natural natural natural differences differences between both sexes, there isn't much difference between them. Cathy: Cathy: But honestly, although I don't expect guys to open doors for me, or to pull out But honestly, although I don't expect guys to open doors for me, or to pull out a chair for me, I am usually quite impressed if they do so, as many guys don't do it nowadays. If the guy was walking in front of me and went through the door first, I'd appreciate it if he could hold the door and not let it slam in my face. John: Well, if I'm the one walking in front, I will open the door and hold it for the people behind me, be it a girl or a boy. I actually had the door slam right in my face a number of times though, when the person walking closely in front of me didn't hold the heavy glass door and let it swing back in my face. Of course, I tried tried to to to hold hold hold the the the door, door, door, but but but it it it was was was too too too heavy heavy heavy and and and too too too late. late. late. But But But I I I think think think it it it was was more embarrassing for him than me as everyone was looking at him, while I was rubbing my squashed nose. Cathy: Cathy: So being a gentleman does not stop at opening doors. There are many other So being a gentleman does not stop at opening doors. There are many other aspects I believe. Keys:1. T T F F T 2. D A B A BPart 1 listening fourDo you know how you learned to be a woman? Do you know how you learned to be be a a a man? man? man? What What What makes makes makes the the the difference difference difference in in in terms terms terms of of of gender gender gender and and and our our our roles roles roles in in in society? society? Even when our physical structures are revealed to be really similar, women and men "tend" to play different roles in society. In an article in the latest issue of Psychology Today , we find a study that reflects how parents of fifteen girl babies and fifteen boy babies differed in their descriptions of their babies. Despite the fact that objective data such such as as as birth birth birth length, length, length, weight, weight, weight, irritability, irritability, irritability, etc. etc. etc. did did did not not not differ, differ, differ, when when when the the the parents parents parents were were asked asked to to to describe describe describe their their their babies, babies, babies, they they they said said said that that that girl girl girl babies babies babies were were were softer, softer, softer, littler, littler, littler, more more beautiful, prettier, cuter than boy babies. Based on these facts, we could conclude that parents' attitude is influencing their children. Our parents and later our school, television and the Internet are showing us a whole set of expected behaviors that create our patterns. Thus, a simple cartoon can suggest to children how they are supposed to act. Male cartoon characters are not only more prominent than female characters, but they also portray a broader range of masculine traits. Male characters are powerful, strong, smart and aggressive. Of course roles have been changing over the past decades. Nowadays, women are not not necessarily necessarily necessarily expected expected expected to to to stay stay stay home home home raising raising raising their their their family family family and and and supporting supporting supporting their their husbands. In the same way, men are no longer expected to be the only breadwinners like they used to be; now women and men share these responsibilities. But traditional roles still have a big influence. Keys:1. F F T T F2.1 reflects descriptions 2.2 parents’ attitudes2.3 suggest, act 2.4 raising their family, supporting their husbands2.5 used to be, share these responsibilitiesPart 4 Listening 1 "Equal" does not always mean "the same". Men and women are created equally but boys and girls are not born the same. You throw a little girl a ball, and it will hit her in the nose. You throw a little boy a ball, and he will try to catch it. Then it will hit him in the nose. A baby girl will pick up a stick and look in wonder at what nature has made. A baby boy will pick up a stick and turn it into a gun. When girls play with Barbie dolls, they like to dress them up and play house with them. When boys play with Barbie dolls, they like to tear their hair off. Boys couldn't couldn't care care care less less less if if if their their their hair hair hair is is is untidy. untidy. untidy. But But But for for for girls, girls, girls, if if if their their their hair hair hair got got got cut cut cut a a quarter-inch too short, they would rather lock themselves in their room for two weeks than be seen in public. Baby girls find mommy's makeup and almost instinctively start painting their faces. Baby boys find mommy's makeup and almost instinctively start painting the walls. Boys grow their fingernails long because they're too lazy to cut them. Girls grow their their fingernails fingernails fingernails long long long——not not because because because they they they look look look nice nice nice——but but because because because they they they can can can dig dig dig them them into a boy's arm. Girls are attracted to boys, even at an early age. At an early age, boys are attracted to dirt. Most baby baby girls girls girls talk talk talk before before before boys boys boys do. do. do. Before Before Before boys boys boys talk, talk, talk, they they they learn learn learn how how how to to to make make machine-gun noises. Girls turn into women. Boys turn into bigger boys. Keys: 1. 1 hit 1.2 try to catch 1.3 in wonder 1.4 turn…into1.5 dress, play hous e 1.6 tear…off 1.7 care less 1.8 lock, in public 1.9 painting their face 1.10 painting the walls 1.11 lazy, cut 1.12 dig…into1.13 boys 1.14 dirt 1.15 talk 1.16 make machine-gun noisesListening 2In order to understand this story, you have to know the nursery rhyme HickoryDickory Dock . . In In In this this this nursery nursery nursery rhyme, rhyme, rhyme, the the the words words words in in in the the the title title title have have have no no no meaning. meaning. meaning. The The rhyme goes like this: Hickory Dickory Dock,The mouse ran up the clock.The clock struck one,The mouse ran down! Hickory Dickory Dock.Here is the story: One day I took my seven-year-old son with me to shop for an electric wall clock for the kitchen and found a whole counter full of them on sale at a discount store. I had had trouble trouble trouble deciding deciding deciding which which which clock clock clock to to to buy. buy. buy. While While While I I I held held held one one one clock clock clock in in in my my my hand hand hand and and looked at another, I asked my son which one he liked better. “The one you’re holding with the mouse in it, Mom,” he said.Before Before I understood his I understood his w ords, words, a real, live mouse jumped out onto onto the counter the counter and ran away. I screamed so loud everyone turned to see what was wrong. I was so embarrassed. I tried to make my way quietly out of the store. Everyone was looking at me. On the way out the door, my delighted son recited Hickory Dickory Dock . What a . What a naughty boy! Questions: 1. Where did the story take place? 2. Why did the mother ask her son which clock he liked better? 3. Which clock did the boy like best? 4. Why did the mother feel embossed? 5. Why did he boy recite Hickory Dickory Dock ? ? Keys:1. B2. D3. A4. C5. DListening 3Men, Men, it it it is is is said, said, said, are are are generally generally generally more more more aggressive aggressive aggressive than than than women women women and and and enjoy enjoy enjoy taking taking taking risks. risks. They play fighting games and enjoy "dares". More men than women are convicted for crimes, especially crimes of violence. Some say that this is simply a matter of biology; others suggest that it is a function of the way we organize the sex and gender roles in our society. In fact, many of the findings, in this area, have turned out to be unsatisfactory, and often there turns out to be very small differences with a large degree of overlap. Biologically, men certainly seem to be the weaker sex. On average, men experience heart attacks 10 y ears earlier than women, but years earlier than women, but have a better rate of survival if they survive the first year after an attack. Symptoms also vary by sex: Women experience shortness shortness of of of breath, breath, breath, fatigue, fatigue, fatigue, and and and chest chest chest pain; pain; pain; most most most male male male heart heart heart attacks attacks attacks come come come on on on as as as a a sudden, striking pain i n in in the chest. the chest. In In adulthood, men are more likely to adulthood, men are more likely to be infected with viruses and have a shorter average lifespan. In recent years, a great many biological sex differences have been found throughout the body, including the brain. However, regardless of the findings that sex differences really do exist after all and despite the pressure to deny them, socially, we still expect women to behave like women and men like men. Keys:1) aggressive 2) taking risks 3) crime 4) biology 5) function 6) roles 7) unsatisfactory 8) weaker 9) heart attacks 10) rate of survival 11) vary 12) be infected with 13) average lifespan 14) do exist 15) deny 16) behave Listening 4 It is is my my my belief belief belief that that that gender gender gender stereotypes stereotypes stereotypes are are are very very very real real real gender gender gender characteristics characteristics characteristics that that that are are exaggerated to the extreme ends with no gray areas. So in truth a woman is "weak" physically only because a man is in reality "stronger". A woman is "submissive" only because a man in reality is more "aggressive". A woman is "emotional" only because a man is "less emotional". All these are observed facts. Are there there ways ways ways to to to avoid avoid avoid the the the stereotyping? stereotyping? stereotyping? This This This is is is hard hard hard to to to do. do. do. We We We as as as males males males and and females love to exaggerate our differences. It seems we love to do this in many ways. We love to e xaggerate exaggerate exaggerate gender traits gender traits as as if to if to say say "Look how female "Look how female I am" or I am" or "Look "Look how male I am". Do we go so far as to actually create differences that do not exist? Not from what I see. I think we like to exaggerate our differences because the more male we feel or the more female we feel the more attractive we feel. So all in all I believe stereotypes are true differences that are exaggerated. I don't think stereotypes should be avoided because they are real. I do think that we should not not place place place extremes extremes extremes of of of a a a trait trait trait to to to a a a gender gender gender as as as a a a whole whole whole and and and most most most certainly certainly certainly not not not limit limit someone's someone's potential potential potential abilities abilities abilities based based based on on on a a a stereotype. stereotype. stereotype. Stereotypes Stereotypes Stereotypes should should should apply apply apply in in general but not to an individual. They should serve to help make judgment but not as an absolute. Keys:1. T F F F T T2.1 physically, in reality, aggressive2.2 avoid, differences, attractive2.3 extremes, potential abilities。

新编大学英语第二版第四册课后习题答案

新编大学英语第四册课文翻译及课后答案

3) A. tempting B. temptation C. tempt
4) A. reasoned B. reasoning C. reasonable D. reason
5) A. analyzed B. analytical C. analyst D. analysis
3) diverse arguments
4) I asked my boss for clarification
5) sensitive to light
6) Mutual encouragement
7) made fun of him
8) persists in his opinion/viewpoint
课内阅读参考译文及课后习题答案(Book 4)
Unit 1
享受幽默—什么东西令人开怀？
1 听了一个有趣的故事会发笑、很开心，古今中外都一样。这一现象或许同语言本身一样悠久。那么，到底是什么东西会使一个故事或笑话让人感到滑稽可笑的呢？
2 我是第一次辨识出幽默便喜欢上它的人，因此我曾试图跟学生议论和探讨幽默。这些学生文化差异很大，有来自拉丁美洲的，也有来自中国的。我还认真地思考过一些滑稽有趣的故事。这么做完全是出于自己的喜好。
Reading comprehension
1略
2 BDCAC AADBB
Vocabulary
1. 1) A. entertaining B. entertainment C. entertained D. entertainer
2) A. recognizable B. recognized C. recognition
11 双关语是一种更微妙的俏皮话。它使用的技巧是利用发音相似的词或同一个词的不同意思。有些批评家认为双关语是最低级的幽默，但我不同意这种观点。双关语与其他形式的幽默相比需要更细微、更巧妙的语言技巧；然而，简单的双关语甚至很小的孩子也能利用。例如，谜语或脑筋急转弯问题常使用双关语做铺垫、制造故事情节，而且更多地是用在妙语部分。双关语是我最早懂得的幽默。记得大约在五岁时我听到了下面这个谜语。一个人问：“什么东西整个儿是黑的、白的和红的？”另外一个人通常猜不出来，于是问道：“我不猜了。是什么呀？”出谜语的人回答：“是报纸。”如果你知道在英语中“red（红色）”和“read（读）”的读音一样但意思完全不同，答案就很明显了。

全新版大学英语综合教程(第二版)第四册课后习题答案

全新版大学英语综合教程4【第二版】习题答案主编：李荫华上海外语教育出版社Unit 2Text AVocabularyI. 1. 1) expansion 2) automated 3) vapor 4) take control of 5) hazards6) satellite 7) vibrated 8) magnetic 9) bunched 10) in theair 11) got/was stuckin12) approximatelyI. Cloze1. 1) computerized 2) start up 3) be poised to 4) alert 5)hazards 6)monotonous 7) take control of 8) steer 9) lane 10) decrease 11)calculate 12) eliminate 13) getting stuck in 14) mounted 15) detect16) vapor2. 1) generates 2) related 3) revolutionized 4) enabled5) opportunities 6) overall 7) manufacturing 8) dependent 9) interact10) fatalitiesII. Translation1．1) There was an unusual quietness in the air, except for the sound of artillery in the distance.2) The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing a significant fall in living standards and an increase in social problem.3) The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closely correlated with global temperatures.4) The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minutes recently5) The diver stood on the edge of the diving board, poised to jump at the signal from the coach.Unit 3 TextALanguage FocusI. 1.1) rude 2) physically 3) structure 4) made a difference 5) blurted(out) 6) chuckling 7) measurable 8) prospective 9) preparations10) sparkled 11) took a crack at 12) partnerI. Cloze1.(1) prospective (2) As I see it (3) done your homework (4) beforehand(5) endeavor (6) structure (7) partners (8) Respond (9) take a crack(10) from the standpoint (11) make a difference (12) follow up2.(1) encouraging (2) inquiry (3) relevant (4) samples(5) references (6) advice (7) preparing (8) seriously(9) probably (10) exhibitII. Translation1.1) Despite the inadequate length of the airstrip in this emergency landing, the veteran pilot managed to stop the plane after taxiing for only a short while.2) Grilled by the reporters, the movie star eventually blurted (out) that she had undergone two plastic surgeries.3) We have the technology and our partner has the capital. Working together, we’ll have the future in our hands.4) If I had known beforehand that you would bring so many friends home, I would have made better preparations. You see, I have barely enough food and drinks for a snack.5) People gave generously upon learning that new school rooms with stronger structures were to be built in the earthquake-stricken area.Unit 5 TextAVocabularyI1) In a way 2) in accordance 3) vacancy 4) in good condition 5)transparent 6) rub 7) spicy 8) hitherto9) with (a) bad grace 10) instinct 11) pawned 12) currentI. Cloze1.1). insane 2).current 3). candid 4). capable 5). was taken aback6). in good condition 7). constitution 8）. go all to pieces 9）.Gone broke 10）. vacancy 11）. mild 12）. deceptive2.1）. suspected 2）. pleading 3）. confirmed 4）stunned5）lucrative 6). jewellery 7). wealthy 8). urge 9). spell 10).arrestedII. Translation1.1) I have an instinct that Henry will seek to join the expedition, because he is something of an adventurer.2) He is capable of sticking to the task at hand, even if he is exposed to noises.3) The trademark was registered in accordance with the laws hitherto in force.4) Oddly enough, many people volunteered to help organize the meeting, but only afew turned up.5) The teacher’s affectionate words, along with his candid comments, changed the way Mike perceived the society and himself.Unit 6V ocabulary 11) appliances 2) comparative 3) multiply 4) distribution5) prosperity 6) decorate 7) famine 8) large quantities of/ a large quantityof9) streamline 10) fax 11) pointed the way to 12) bewilderedCloze (Text-related)1) switch off 2) obliged 3) on the go 4) cope5) shortage 6) large quantity of 7) pouring in8) by nature9) fraction 10) futileCloze (Theme-related)1) advantage 2) wisely 3) faithfully4) waking 5) includes 6) schedule7) sticking 8) priorities 9) set10) respectTranslation1.They are exploring the new frontiers of medical science in an attempt to find remedies for incurable diseases/ cures for diseases that are beyond remedy so far.2.Her unique teaching methods apart, Ms Wilson, my math teacher, never tried to cram knowledge into my head.3.The regular weather forecast by the Central TV Station keeps us up with the changes of weather wherever we go on a trip.4.The appalling explosion started a big fire and caused the partial collapse of the building.5.In the modern world, there are more ways than ever to waste away time, and all kinds of distractions are eating into our precious time.。

全新版大学英语4第二版听说教程unit3答案

8. How can we improve our memory?
As a matter of fact, we are not born with good memory. However, there are several ways for us to improve our memory. For instance, reciting wellwritten passages, either English or Chinese, in the morning is an efficient method. Besides, doing some training following the guidance in the books which aim to enhance people's memory is a good choice. In addition, using imagination to arouse association is another good choice when we are trying to memorize something. For example, if we are asked to memorize a corresponding table as below, how can we memorize it correctly in a short time?
Part B How Our Memory Works
ex.1 on P24-25 dcac
ex.2 on 25 Firstly, it is a fact that some people were born with better memories. Secondly, different things are kept in different parts of the brain. Ideas, words and numbers are stored in the left-hand side and images, sounds and smells in the right-hand side.

全新版大学英语第二版综合教程4课后答案unit3

Translation on P81-82
1) Despite the inadequate length of the airstrip in this emergency landing, the veteran pilot managed to stop the plane after taxiing for only a short while. 2) Grilled by the reporters, the movie star eventually blurted (out) that she had undergone two plastic surgeries. 3) We have the technology and our partner has the capital. Working together, we’ll have the future in our hands. 4) If I had known beforehand that you would bring so many friends home, I would have made better preparations. You see, I have barely enough food and drinks for a snack. 5) People gave generously upon learning that new school rooms with stronger structures were to be built in the earthquake-stricken area.
Language focus Voc. Ex. 1 on P75
1) rude 2) physically 3) structure 4) made a difference 5) blurted (out) 6) chuckling 7) Measurable 8) prospective 9) preparations 10) Sparkled 11) took a crack at 12) partner

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

Unit 3 Gender DifferencesUseful Information“Gender differences” is a term used to refer to both biological and social characteristics that distinguish men and women. The social characteristics include such things as differences in hair styles, clothing, family responsibilities, occupational roles, acceptable behavior and other culturally learned activities and traits. All of these differences are linked to the non-biological notions of masculinity and femininity which vary from one culture to another.Sexual or physical differences are determined at birth. Females have two similar sex-determining chromosomes (XX), while males have two dissimilar sex-determining chromosomes (XY). Both sexes have male and female hormones, but the average man has about ten times as much testosterone as the average woman. Most scientists agree that these biological differences affect, at least to some extent, physical behavior and development. In other words, in most cultures men are bigger, stronger and more aggressive than women. Obviously, physical activity and social roles accentuate these biological differences. Heavy labor builds muscles and the responsibility of providing for a family reinforces the natural aggression of men in any society. The child-raising activities of women, on the other hand, reinforce their gentle and nurturant behavior. However we do recognize that women are capable of highly muscled bodies, as is evident in some women athletes.Many of the traditional stereotypes associated with women were questioned by the feminist movement that began in the West in the early 1960s. This movement (also known as the women’s liberation movement) favored increased rights and activities for women throughout society. Feminists stressed that it was not primarily biology that determined women’s roles and status in society, but social prejudices. According to the feminists, women were usually socialized and educated differently from men because it was assumed that women were physically and intellectually inferior.The theories and analyses that came out of the women’s movement sparked innumerable studies on educational and employment practices. These studies revealed the sexist biases (prejudice or discrimination on the basis of sex) of teachers, employers, schools, universities, textbooks, laws, and other official documents. It was shown that the way girls are treated in the home and in school plays a major role in reinforcing stereotypes. It was demonstrated that if treated similarly, boys and girls have the same potential and can accomplish similar goals.Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, efforts were made to reduce sexist attitudes in educational systems and in the workplace. Girls were encouraged to study medicine, law, mathematics, engineering, etc. and to follow careers normally associated with men. Laws were passed prohibiting sexist discrimination in hiring practices in order to give women equal job opportunities.The impact of the feminist movement was felt even at the level of everyday language. Since the 1960s, the English language has evolved considerably in order to be more inclusive of women. New words have been invented and pronouns are used differently. Virtually every grammar book published since the late 1970s has a section on avoiding sexist language and sexist pronoun use. Various ways are now used to avoid inequality of the sexes, such as: 1) A person should insist that his/her rights be respected; 2) People should see that their employer treats all employees equally; 3) Everyone received their share of food; 4) The chairperson of the department insisted on nonsexist language in all publications.Despite social reforms and changing attitudes, there are still many unanswered questions regarding gender differences. Do women feel compelled to act more like men in order to overcome stereotypes Can or should men and women ever be truly equal in any societyPart One PREPARATION1. How is it possibleSTEP ONE1) when 2) control 3) crashes/smashes/runs/bumps 4) hospital5) doctor/surgeon 6) operateSTEP TWOYes. The doctor is the boy’s mother.2. Differences between Men and WomenSTEP ONEMEN WOMENsuffer more illnesses_______ √have a higher rate of colorblindness√ _______have a larger brain√ ____ ___are more likely to have a heart attack √_______have more fears_______√livelonger_______√like diamond shapes√ ______ _miss more work_______√3. The Gender SurveyStep OneThe survey is open.Step TwoMost people think that women are more emotional and more compassionate than men. They are also viewed as better listeners and better able to do many things at once. Most of us believe women have better “people skills”.We all think that men have a more aggressive nature. They are also more willing to take risks than are women. All of the girls in our group believe that men are self-centered.Optional Activities for Teachers to Choose:4. Men or Womenrelationship counselor. Work in pairs and decide whether you think the features below describe men or women. Write “M” for men and “W” for women._____ 1) They talk to exchange information._____ 2) They talk to express feelings._____ 3) They need to be alone sometimes. Every now and then, especially when under stress, they need to retreat to their "cave" and do not want to be disturbed._____ 4) They are goal-oriented problems solvers._____ 5) Naturally and cyclically, their moods go through highs and lows._____ 6) They tend to use dramatic expressions such as “you ALWAYS forget” or “you NEVER listen to me”.According to relationship counselor John Gray, the author of Men Are From Mars, Women Are From Venus, the answers are: 1) M 2) W 3) M 4) M 5) W 6) WFeminine Qualities vs.Masculine QualitiesDirections: Work in groups to write in each column as many words as you can that describe feminine or masculine qualities.Feminine Qualities Masculine Qualitiestender, weak, sensitive, shy, sympathetic, dependent, soft, gentle, caring, considerate,delicate, tolerant, cautious, careful, timid, neat and clean strong, brave, adventurous,independent, courageous, creative,bold, persistent, manipulative,confident, competent, dominating,vigorousThe teacher may give all the words to the students randomly and ask them to divide them into feminine qualities and masculine qualities.Part Two READING-CENTERED ACTIVITIESPre-ReadingSample:Generally speaking, boys do better in chemistry, math, geography and . than girls while girls do better in art, language, music and history than boys.Passage ReadingWords, Phrases and Grammatical Points1. The word “develop” is used four times in the passage.“…those students who become active classroom participants develop more positive attitudes and go on to higher achievem ent.” (l. 20)“…American boys do, indeed, develop reading problems…” (l. 39)“…and it is girls who develop reading problems.” (l. 43)“ Instead of being encouraged to develop intellectual curiosity and physical skills that are useful in dealing with the ou tside world…” (l. 50) More examples:She later developed a taste for expensive nightclubs.Their friendship developed through their shared interest in the arts.She’s developed some strange habits since she started living on her own.2.…it was observed by professors and women students alike that the boys were “taking over” the classroom discussions and that active participation by women students had diminished noticeably.(l. 23)You use “alike” after mentioning two or more people, groups, or things in o rder to emphasize that you are referring to both or all of them.Friends and family alike were shocked by the news of her suicide.It caused confusion among allies and adversaries alike.3. These lessons carry over from the home to the classroom…(l. 53)The phrase “carry over” means “to continue to exist or apply in a new situation”.His rational outlook on science carried over to child rearing.Post-ReadingReading Comprehension1. Understanding the Organization of the Text1) IntroductionIt has been proven repeatedly that the various types of behavior, emotions, and interests thatconstitute being masculine and feminine are patterned by both heredity and culture.2) There is a cultural bias in education that favors boys over girls.Supporting evidence:A. Teachers called on males in class far more than on female students.i) Its consequence: This has a tremendous impact on the learning process.their “goodness” and obedience to rules.B. The consequence when these lessons carry over from the home to the classroom:Girls are generally observed to be more dependent on the teacher, more concerned with theform and neatness of their work than its content, and more anxious about being “right” in their answers than in being intellectually independent, analytical, or original.C. Conclusion: Through the educational process that occupies most of the child’s waking hours,society reinforces its established values and turns out each sex in its traditional and expected mold.2. Understanding Specific Information1) C 2) B 3) D 4) B 5) C 6) D3. Questions for Group DiscussionSamples:1) —Yes, I think so. As far as I know, most boy students in China do better in math and science. It is fully demonstrated by the number of boy students who have won prizes in the Olympic Science Contests and by the ratio of boy students to girl students in science departments in colleges and universities.—I don’t think I can answer the question by a simple “yes” or “no”.With more girls receiving higher education and going to graduate school, it won’t be difficult to find girls who are really good in math and science courses. As we can see in our university, there are quite a few female math professors and also female professors specialized in science and engineering. Besides, many boys are found to have developed excellent language and reading skills. However it’s true that science and engineering departments have more boy students while departments of humanities have more girls. Anyway if we look at and compare the current numbers of boys and girls in these departments with the numbers in the past, we can find the trend is changing.2) Chinese culture also has stereotyped gender roles. Boys and girls are taught and expected to behave differently from each other both at home and at school. If they don’t fit into the traditional gender mold, girls are said to be like boys and boys like girls. The following are the ways that culture or education affects gender roles.—Boys and girls are provided with different kinds of toys to play with: dolls and pretty things are for girls while toy cars and guns are for boys.—Boys are expected to play outdoors and girls, in most cases, indoors.—Girls are expected to be clean and neat, and well dressed and boys should be strong and tough, and can deal with difficulties.—Males, especially in the country, are expected to be better educated than females and they should be more career-oriented to support the family and females are expected to support their husbands. There’s an old saying “having no skills and intellige nce is a good virtue of women”.—Women are expected to be quiet and shy while men are expected to be powerful and more aggressive.—Women are expected to take good care of their children and do most of the housework while men are expected to be successful in their careers.—Women are expected to go home immediately after work while men may get back late in the evening after having dinner with their friends or colleagues.Vocabulary1) genetic 2) assign 3) noticeably 4) approved 5) Bias6) deprived 7) constituted 8) participation 9) unintentional 10) postgraduate2. conscious –unconscious positive – negative encourage –discourage superior – inferior directly –indirectly biased –fairsexist– nonsexistlimited – unlimiteddependent –independent appropriately –inappropriately3. 1) C 2) D 3) A 4) E 5) B 6) C 7) F 8) B4. 1) turn out 2) carry over 3) calling on 4) put away 5) fallen behind 6) take overPart Three FURTHER DEVELOPMENTEnriching Your Word Power1) B 2) C 3) B 4) A 5) C 6) B 7) B 8) B 9)husband was the one who had a job in the factory with a steady income and the ideal wife was the one who was thrifty and able to take good care of her children. Fortunately the divorce rate was low.Optional Activities:7. Characteristics of Men or Women at WorkDirections: Below are various characteristics of men or women at work identified by a British consultancy which runs courses on women and men at work. Work in pairs to decide whether you think the features below describe men or women at work (choose M or W in the column on the right).Characteristics Identified at Work M/W1 )Their body language tends to be challenging. They often sitwith legs splayed apart, giving the impression of being in control.2 )Their body language inclines towards self-protection. Theymay also appear rather shy and inhibited sitting with their legs crossed.3 )They avoid overtly aggressive gestures and are likely toback down in a shouting match, both through inclination and the fact that their comments are likely to be drowned out.4 )In a lively and noisy discussion, they often have problemsmaking their voice heard. If they do compete, they are often judged to be shrill and hysterical. They are often ignored through having a less insistent presence.5 )When they make a point, they often make it with an air offinality (suggesting that there is nothing left to be discussed).6 )They welcome and indeed invite contributions whenpresenting an idea to colleagues.7 )When tackling problems they go for the heart of the problem,stripping away secondary considerations.8 )When tackling problems they favour assembling a range ofoptions.9)They tend to communicate their own achievements regularly.1 0)They are likely to share, or pass on, the credit for asuccess.11)Personal status is important.1 2)They favour a competitive, direct and confrontationalapproach to business.(Adapted from Linguarama Language Training for Business)The correct answers are:M 2) W 3) W 4) W 5) M 6) W 7) M 8) W 9) M 10) W 11) M 12) M8. Talking about Chinese Teachers’ PetsDirections: Work in groups to discuss the following question.Do you think Chinese teachers favor boys over girls Support your answer by giving examples based on your own experience in primary school, middle school and college.Samples:1) It depends on the level of the school (primary school, middle school, or college). In primary school, girls are favored because they are not as naughty as boys, and they are neat and obedient. In middle school, boys are favored because they are not as naughty as they were in primary school, and teachers don’t mind calling on them because they are not shy. In college, teachers don’t have close contact with students, so they don’t favor anyone.2) It depends on the gender of the teacher. Male teachers prefer girls and female teachers prefer boys.3) It depends on the achievements of the students. Teachers don’t favor either boys or girls. They favor the best students.Part Four WRITING AND TRANSLATION1．Translation Practice教室是男生的天下；即使在他们人数并不占多数时，他们仍占据老师三分之二的注意力。